2020年4月23日托福听力真题
2020年全国大联考高三4月联考英语试题Word版听力(精编)
秘密★考试结束前[公布时间：2020 年4 月3 日15:00~17:00]全国大联考2020 届高三 4 月联考英语试卷注意事项：1.答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。
2.回答选择题时，需用2B 铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑，如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其它答案标号。
回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上。
3.考试结束后，请将试卷和答题卡一并交回。
4.考试时间120 分钟，满分150 分。
第一部分听力（共两节，满分30 分）做题时，请先将答案标在试卷上，听力部分结束后，你将有 2 分钟的时间将答案转涂到客观题答题卡上。
第一节（共 5 小题，每题 1.5 分，满分 7.5 分）听下面 5 段对话。
每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C 三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。
听完每段对话后，你都有10 秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。
每段对话仅读一遍。
1.When do the speakers plan to get to the sports meet?A. At 7:45.B. At 8:00.C. At 8:15.2.What does the woman want from the store?A. Cookies.B. Milk.C. Peanut butter.3.What are the speakers talking about?A. A CD by Johnny.B. A present for Molly.C. A famous musician.4.Why does the man suggest the Fairmont Hotel?A. For its price.B. For its location.C. For its size.5.What is the man doing?A. Waiting for a call.B. Calling his neighbor.C. Opening a window.第二节（共 15 小题；每小题 1.5 分，满分 22.5 分）听下面 5 段对话或独白。
2020年托福考试听力理解深度历年真题解析
2020年托福考试听力理解深度历年真题解析随着全球化程度的提高，托福考试逐渐成为许多留学生的首选英语考试之一。
其中，听力理解是考试的一个重要部分，也是考生们普遍感到较为困难的一项内容。
本文将为大家提供2020年托福考试听力理解部分的深度历年真题解析，帮助考生们更好地应对这一部分的考试内容。
一、题目1Passage 1Narrator: In the first conversation, a student is talking to a professor about her upcoming presentation.Student: Professor Thompson, I need your advice on my presentation for next week. I'm really struggling with the content.Professor: Sure, I'd be happy to help. What seems to be the problem?Student: Well, I can't decide on a topic. I have a few ideas, but I'm not sure which one to choose.Professor: What are the ideas you're considering?Student: I was thinking about doing a presentation on renewable energy sources or the impact of climate change on wildlife habitats.Professor: Both topics are interesting. If I were you, I would go with the topic of renewable energy sources. It's a current issue and there's a lot of research available on that topic.Student: That's a good point. I think I'll follow your advice and focus on renewable energy sources. Thanks, Professor Thompson!Question: What does the student seek advice from the professor about?解析：这是一道比较简单的题目，考察学生对对话内容的听力理解。
2020专四听力原文
TEST FOR ENGLISH MAJORS (2013)-GRADE FOUR-PART I DICTATIONListen to the following passage.Altogether the passage will be read to you four times.During the first reading,which will be done at normal speed, listen and try to understand the meaning.For the second and third readings, the passage will be read sentence by sentence,or phrase by phrase, with intervals of 15 seconds.The last reading will be done at normal speed again and during this time you should check your work.You will then be given 2 minutes to check through your work once more. Please write the whole passage on ANSWER SHEET ONE. Now, listen to the passage.What A Dream's For?One theory is that we dream to release the deep, secret desires./We do not express these desires in real life because of the rules of polite society./Another theory is that dreams allow us to solve problems /that we can't solve in real life. /We go to sleep with a problem and wake up with the solution. /This may be a way to use our dreams rather than a purpose of dreaming. /If you believe that your dreams are important, /then analyzing them may help you to focus on the problem /and help you to find the solution. /The modern image is that dreams are the brain's way/ of cleaning up the computer's hard disk./ Dreams organize the events of the day into folders/ and delete what is not needed. /But we all know that very little of what we dream /is concerned with what happened to us that day.The second and third readings. You should begin writing now.One theory is that we dream to release the deep, secret desires.One theory is that we dream to release the deep, secret desires.We do not express these desires in real life because of the rules of polite society.We do not express these desires in real life because of the rules of polite society.Another theory is that dreams allow us to solve problemsAnother theory is that dreams allow us to solve problemsthat we can't solve in real life.that we can't solve in real life.We go to sleep with a problem and wake up with the solution.We go to sleep with a problem and wake up with the solution.This may be a way to use our dreamsrather than a purpose of dreaming.This may be a way to use our dreamsrather than a purpose of dreaming.If you believe that your dreams are important,If you believe that your dreams are important,then analyzing them may help you to focus on the problemthen analyzing them may help you to focus on the problemand help you to find the solution.and help you to find the solution.The modern image is that dreams are the brain's wayThe modern image is that dreams are the brain's wayof cleaning up the computer's hard disk.of cleaning up the computer's hard disk.Dreams organize the events of the day into foldersDreams organize the events of the day into foldersand delete what is not needed.and delete what is not needed.But we all know that very little of what we dreamBut we all know that very little of what we dreamis concerned with what happened to us that day.is concerned with what happened to us that day.The last reading.One theory is that we dream to release the deep, secret desires./We do not express these desires in real life because of the rules of polite society./Another theory is that dreams allow us to solve problems /that we can't solve in real life. /We go to sleep with a problem and wake up with the solution. /This may be a way to use our dreams rather than a purpose of dreaming. /If you believe that your dreams are important, /then analyzing them may help you to focus on the problem /and help you to find the solution. /The modern image is that dreams are the brain's way/ of cleaning up the computer's hard disk./ Dreams organize the events of the day into folders/ and delete what is not needed. /But we all know that very little of what we dream /is concerned with what happened to us that day.Now you have two minutes to check through your work.That is the end of part I dictation.PART II LISTENING COMPREHENSIONIn Sections A, B and C you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Mark the best answer to each question on Answer Sheet Two. SECTION A CONVERSATIONSIn this section you will hear several conversations. Listen to the conversations carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Questions 1 to 3 are based on the following conversation. At the end of the conversation, you will be given 15 seconds to answer the questions.Now, listen to the conversation.M: Hello Helen! Merry Christmas!W: Merry Christmas, Rob!You always get so excited on Christmas day.M: Come in, come in!W: Thank you. Wow!M: So, what do you think?W: That's amazing...so many decorations and what a beautiful Christmas tree! You must have spent ages doing this! It's beautiful!M: I like to do Christmas with all the trimmings!W: All the trimmings? I don't understand.M: All the trimmings---it means all the extra things that traditionally come with something to make it more special.W: I see. Like all these decorations?M: Yes. In my family, we have always had Christmas with all the trimmings, so we have a Christmas tree, decorations, gifts, Christmas songs, silly Christmas games and, most importantly, Christmas lunch. Come this way!W: A turkey for lunch!M: Now that is a roast turkey with all the trimmings! Not only is it a turkey, but we're eating it with all the things you traditionally eat with Christmas roast turkey: cranberry sauce, roast potatoes, gravy, stuffing, carrots.W: I think I understand what "all the trimmings" means now.M: It's an expression usually used with food, especially at Christmas and for the big roast dinners that we like to eat. I adore Sunday lunch with all the trimmings: roast meat, along with lots of vegetables and sauces and other traditional accompaniments.W: Mmmmm...M: Anyway, enough talk! Let's eat!W: Delicious. Thank you for inviting me.M: Well cheers to that and Merry Christmas--- with all the trimmings!W: Merry Christmas!Questions 4 to 7 are based on the following conversation. At the end of the conversation, you will be given 20 seconds to answer the questions. Now, listen to the conversation.M: Hello, International Students Club. Can I help you?W: Oh, hello. I saw your advertisement in the students union today and I thought I'd phone to find out a big more.M: Yes, certainly. Well, we're a sort of social and cultural activity club for people from different countries. It's quite a new club. We have about 80 members at the moment, but we're growing all the time.W: Right, that sounds interesting. I'm Australian actually, and I came here about a month ago. So I'm looking for ways to meet some new people. Um... what kind of activities do you organize? M: Well, we have a range: cultural, sports, social and language activities.W: Could you tell me something about the language activities?M: Yes. Everyday except Thursday we have a language evening, where people can come and practice their languages. You know, over a drink or a bite to eat. We have different languages on different evenings. Monday, Spanish; Tuesday, Italian; Wednesday, German; and Friday, French. On Thursday we usually arrange a meal in a restaurant for anyone who wants to come.W: Well, that sounds great. I really need to practice my French and German.M: OK. Well, if you can just give me your name and address, I'll send you the form and some more details.W: Thank you. That's great. My name is…Questions 8 to 10 are based on the following conversation. At the end of the conversation, you will be given 15 seconds to answer the questions. Now, listen to the conversation.M: So, you've been in Graduate Recruitment for five years?W: Yes.M: OK. Can I ask you a few questions about your work in Graduate Recruitment?W: Sure.M: What do you find difficult about the job?W: One problem is I don't have a background in IT. And sometimes I get asked difficult technical questions during interviews which I just can't answer. That can be a bit embarrassing.M: So how do you do with it?W: I find honesty is the best policy. I just tell them it's not my area and promise to contact one of our people from that field and email them back.M: And they're happy with that?W: Yes, it usually works.M: OK. I see you have a lot of job fair experiences. How useful do you think they are?W: Yes. Attending job fairs at universities is an important part of my job. I think they are really useful for making contact with Careers Development staff and prospective candidates. It can be pretty tiring though. And it means you’re out of the office a lot in the autumn and the spring. So we try to share the work between the three of us.M: That's fine. Now I'd like to know whether you've ever worked independently.SECTION B PASSAGESIn this section, you will hear several passages. Listen to the passages carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Questions 11 to 13 are based on the following passage. At the end of the passage, you will be given 15 seconds to answer the questions. Now, listen to the passage.Now the weather forecast. It's a mixed picture over the next few days. Today, very wet and windy in Northern Europe. You can see from the satellite picture that the highest temperatures, as they so often are, are in the southern parts of Europe, where it's also quite dry, particularly over the eastern parts of the Mediterranean. The forecast suggests that it's going to be quite cold over northwestern parts of Europe for the rest of the day, even some snow on the Scandinavian Mountains. So that's today's weather, with showery conditions in many parts of Northern Europe but the best of the sunshine in the south and throughout the Mediterranean. And pretty good but cool in the eastern parts of Europe, too. Now let's look at tomorrow's weather chart. Very much the same in the south except that the rain is starting to push down into the northern parts of the Mediterranean there. Elsewhere, staying fine in Eastern Europe and fine in central and eastern parts of the Mediterranean as well. But still wet and windy in many northwestern parts of Europe, including southern parts of Scandinavian, and a bit cool too.Questions 14 to 17 are based on the following passage. At the end of the passage, you will be given 20 seconds to answer the questions. Now, listen to the passage.Once upon a time societies were organised around religion, farming, trade or industry. In many parts of the world today this is still true, but something else is becoming more important--- the exchange of information, and the technology that we use to do this. Twenty-four hour news,e-commerce, mobile phones, Global Positioning Systems... all these are making the world smaller and faster. The growth in telecommunications is giving more and more people access to the science that will help their country to develop or to acquire the medical knowledge that can fight disease. But how can everybody in the world share the recent technological advances? Millions of people cannot read these words because they don't have access to a computer. They don't understand English either. They don't even have a telephone. They are more worried about how far they will have to walk today to get clean water or if they can feed themselves and their families. For most people on this planet, information is not a priority. The United Nations is now trying to make the information society a reality for more of the developing world. Ten years from now, the plan is that everybody in the world will have a radio or television and that 50% of the world's population will have access to the internet from schools and universities, health centres and hospitals, libraries and museums. This will improve medical care and education, science and agriculture, business opportunities and employment.Questions 18 to 20 are based on the following passage. At the end of the passage, you will be given 15 seconds to answer the questions. Now, listen to the passage.People worldwide celebrate New Year in different ways. In Latin America, people express their hopes through the color of their underwear. If you wore yellow, that supposedly enhances your chances for abundance and earning more money. If it was red, then you'll more likely find love in the New Year. And if you were wearing white underpants, preferably new and clean, then peace will be your top priority for the coming year. In the Philippines, people eat round fruits to bring good fortune while they are noisily banging together pots and pans. However, some New Year's traditions have nothing to do with luck. In Denmark, people throw their old dishes at the doors of their friends' homes each New Year's Eve. Thus, a front doorstep covered with broken plates suggests that the person inside has a lot of friends. Still, for all those who take part in grand New Year's events, there are many more who make their own traditions. It may be a small gathering of family and friends, watching New York's Times Square ball drop on TV, or loudly running through the neighborhood.Some may simply go to sleep early, so they can be energized for an early New Year's Day hike--- perhaps while wearing underwear that suits their mood, and wishes, for the New Year.SECTION C NEWS BROADCASTIn this section, you will hear several news items. Listen to them carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Questions 21 and 22 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the questions. Now, listen to the news.Digital textbooks are transforming the way many students learn. All the Fairfax County Public Schools have begun using online course material for their middle- and high-school students. This school year, the schools shifted from hard cover to electronic textbooks for social studies in its middle and high schools. The switch came after digital books were used in 15 schools last year. "Our students come to us technologically ready to use resources from a variety of different places," says Assistant Superintendent Peter Noonan. "The world is changing consistently. The online textbooks can change right along with the events that are happening." There's a significantfinancial benefit as well. "Usually it is between $50 and $70 to buy a textbook for each student," Noonan says, "which adds up to roughly $8 million for all of our students. We actually have purchased all of the online textbooks for our students for just under $6 million."Questions 23 and 24 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the questions. Now, listen to the news.A man was arrested on suspicion of attempting to carry explosives through a security checkpoint at an airport, authorities said. Trey Scott Atwater was taken into custody Saturday morning after Transportation Security Administration agents spotted what they described as a suspicious item. The item was in his carry-on during X-ray screening at a security checkpoint at the airport, an FBI spokesman said in a statement. Neither the FBI nor the TSA identified the explosives, though an airport spokeswoman said the items were "wrapped in military grade wrapping" and are in the possession of the police. At no time was there any danger to the people at the airport. The airport terminal was temporarily evacuated while authorities "conducted a sweep, and deemed all clear," said a city spokeswoman. Atwater has been arrested on a federal count of attempting to get on an aircraft with an explosive.Questions 25 and 26 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the questions. Now, listen to the news.In Dakar, psychiatric patients attend regular art therapy classes to help treat mental disorders. The therapy can be a useful technique to complement traditional forms of psychotherapy. Psychiatrists in the Senegalese capital's main hospital see it as an essential part of the healing process. Art as psychotherapy is still relatively new in Senegal. Dr. Tabara Sylla, the hospital's chief psychiatrist, uses art therapy, medication and classical forms of psychotherapy in her practice, treating everything from chronic depression to alcohol abuse and schizophrenia. At first the project started as a way to keep patients busy in the afternoon, rather than have them sitting around smoking. It soon became clear that art was creating a communication bridge between patient and doctor. More and more now, she says, art workshops have become essential therapy --- so much that she cannot imagine this psychiatric unit without them.Questions 27 and 28 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the questions. Now, listen to the news.The Federal Aviation Administration, or FAA, the government agency that regulates civil aviation in the United States, announced new rules this month to combat pilot fatigue. The new guidelines, which will go into effect in two years, call for reducing the number of pilots' on-duty hours and giving them a 10-hour rest period between shifts, so they can get at least 8 hours of uninterrupted sleep. The new rules apply to only pilots of passenger airlines. FAA determined that including pilots who fly cargo planes --- a large segment of the aviation industry --- would add too much to the cost of implementing the changes. But the Independent Pilots Association has filed a lawsuit asking the government to set one level of safety for all pilots.Question 29 and 30 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the questions. Now, listen to the news.The world will need to double food production within the next three decades in order to feed a rapidly growing and increasingly affluent population, which is projected to grow from 7 billion today to 9 billion. A United Nations report says reaching that goal will require major increases in intensive, high-efficiency livestock operations for both meat and dairy production. The report also says that intensive livestock operations can pose serious ecological risks. And that's why environmental critics are calling instead for reductions in global livestock production, and urging people to consume less, not more, meat in their diets. Feeding today's population is a challenge for an already-stressed environment. The challenge is how to ensure food without increasing animal numbers and having an impact on fragile lands and our resource bases. More than half of the agricultural land in the world is used to raise and feed livestock. Those farm animals are also responsible for 18 percent of the greenhouse gases released into the atmosphere every year. Experts agree that the next few decades will present a puzzle, how to feed nine billion people without wrecking the planet in the process.This is the end of listening comprehension。
2020届高三4月 英语(二)含听力 解析版
2020届4月份内部特供卷高三英语（二）注意事项：1.答题前，先将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在试题卷和答题卡上，并将准考证号条形码粘贴在答题卡上的指定位置。
2.选择题的作答：每小题选出答案后，用2B 铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑，写在试题卷、草稿纸和答题卡上的非答题区域均无效。
3.非选择题的作答：用签字笔直接答在答题卡上对应的答题区域内。
写在试题卷、草稿纸和答题卡上的非答题区域均无效。
第Ⅰ卷(选择题，共100分)第一部分 听力（共两节，满分30分） 第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段对话，每段对话后有一个小题。
从题中所给的A 、B 、C 三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。
听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。
每段对话仅读一遍。
1. When do the speakers plan to get to the sports meet? A. At 7:45.B. At 8:00.C. At 8:15.2. What does the woman want from the store? A. Cookies.B. Milk.C. Peanut butter.3. What are the speakers talking about? A. A CD by Johnny.B. A present for Molly.C. A famous musician.4. Why does the man suggest the Fairmont Hotel? A. For its price.B. For its location.C. For its size.5. What is the man doing? A. Waiting for a call.B. Calling his neighbor.C. Opening a window.第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）听下面5段对话或独白。
2020上海市进才中学高三4月月考英语试题(含听力)答案
20200414高三英语四月月考答案I.Listening25’1-5BDDBB6-10BDDAB11-13ADA14-16BBC17-18CA19-20BAII.Grammar and vocabulary10’+10’21.that22.when23.less complicated24.for25.to keep26.raising27.but28.may/might29.are spoken30.as/when/if31-35F B I A J36-40G K D H CIII.Reading comprehension15’+22’+8’41-45BDBAA46-50BCBBD51-55CACDC56-59DACA60-62BAD63-66BCBD67-70BEDAIV.Summary writing10’Standing desks have positive effects on physical health.Now new research offers evidence that standing desks offers mental benefits too.Experiments on high school students showed standing desks improved students’executive function and memory/cognitive ability and problem solving skills.These effects are similar to the effects of exercise.Standing desks should be used in classrooms to burn more energy and improve cognitive skills.(59words) V．Translation.15’（3+3+4+5）72.有些家长从来没有意识到，替孩子们做所有事情其实对孩子们的成长弊大于利。
2020年4月23日托福阅读真题
2020年4月23日托福阅读真题第一篇：社科类文章先说以前一个master一年只能做十几个表，特别painstaking只有富人才能买得起。
后来有个人叫Elf，他简化了钟表制造的材料，创新了一些设备，行了一系列变革，通过专业化啊水力啊，让表产量变大，又轻，又便宜。
本来特别重，不好运输，他就把弄得更轻了，能够挂住，不用专门做cabinet了。
然后使钟表让中产阶级也买得起，从精细制造变成mass production。
后来他为了peddler就继续发明创造，然后在1816年造出了shelf clock获得专利，但是还是有很多人抄袭模仿，这些模仿也在一定水准上促动了钟表的精细化。
他有个员工叫Jerome，借鉴了上一个老板的经验，然后和Elf一起将钟表变得美观时尚又物廉价美。
第二篇历史类文章在泰国附近出现的一个D文明，语言和Mon语言有联系。
信奉佛教，并且有很多的贸易路线。
因为用的都是这个文字讲了好多什么雕塑啊乱七八糟的，最后说甚至不清楚有没有一个capital，不知道正值也不知道ethic，这个文明出现在6世纪，到了9世纪的时候，有另一批人到达了这里。
第三篇生物类文章考古学家如何区分家养的和野生的动植物，先说有好多方法能够区分，但有的时候很难分，他们的特征可能一样又列举了一堆区分方法，每个都有点问题，后来说一般都使用floated的技术使有机物和别的分离，这样就能够分析植物家养与否。
但是动物没有这么好区分，因为很多特征在家养的和野生的动物身上都能够提现，所以有另外的办法，就是看人类的捕杀数量和对象，在某个时间，人类杀成年的动物数量很多，证明人类那时就有选择性的捕猎，但是这个办法需要好好考虑，因为有很多因素，比如雌雄和动物数量波动很大等三个原因。
还有一个发现就是一些属于XX时代的磨光的石头，然后又说农业的发展让他们建了一堆谷仓啊，容器的来储藏粮食，所以不太可能游牧。
这些都证明了在向驯养的转变，最后一段说不能只根据clay pot来证明驯养的举日本的例子。
2020年英语四级听力试卷
2020年英语四级听力试卷Part I Listening Comprehension (25 minutes)Section A.Directions: In this section, you will hear three news reports. At the end of each news report, you will hear two or three questions. Both the news report and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.News Report One.Questions 1 and 2 will be based on the following news item.A new study finds that beverages containing added sugar might be harmful. In the study, researchers analyzed information from over 80,000 women and 37,000 men. Participants worked in the health profession. They were followed for approximately three decades. They completed surveys about their diet every four years. They also answered questions about their lifestyle and medical history.The more beverages with added sugar that people drank, the greatertheir risk of death was during the study period. These beverages included soda, energy drinks and sports drinks. Beverages like pure fruit juice which are sweet but do not contain added sugar were not part of the study.The findings held even after the researchers considered other factors that could affect people's health. These factors included lack of exercise and not eating enough vegetables. They also included consuming too much meat.1. What do we learn about the new study from the news report?A) It followed around 80,000 people.B) It lasted for more than three decades.C) It focused on the health of the elderly.D) It found a link between drinks and death.2. What does the news report say about beverages with added sugar?A) They are not harmful at all.B) They are not included in the study.C) They are more harmful than pure fruit juice.D) They are associated with a higher death risk.News Report Two.Questions 3 and 4 will be based on the following news item.The International Labor Organization says the number of people without jobs is increasing. In its latest update on global employment trends, the agency says projections of the number of unemployed people this year range from 210 million to nearly 240 million people.The report warns that 200 million poor workers are at risk of joining the ranks of people living on less than 2 dollars a day in the past three years. The director - general of the International Labor Organization, Guy Ryder, says the decline in employment has been widespread.He says not all sectors of the economy are losing jobs. Home - based workers and the self - employed are seeing an increase in workopportunities. He says the ILO has been working with local and national governments to bring down unemployment.3. What is the news report mainly about?A) The number of unemployed people is increasing.B) The number of poor workers is decreasing.C) The economy is recovering slowly.D) The home - based business is booming.4. What does Guy Ryder say about employment?A) All sectors are losing jobs.B) Home - based workers are not affected.C) Not all sectors are losing jobs.D) The self - employed are losing jobs.News Report Three.Questions 5 to 7 will be based on the following news item.Almost all companies recognize the importance of innovation today. But not many are able to integrate innovation into their business. A commentary in the Shanghai Daily points out that innovation doesn't mean piles of documents. It's something more practical.The article says many people tend to assume that innovation just means creating something new, but actually it's more about making small improvements to existing products. For example, a company could add features to an existing product to make it more attractive to customers.The article also notes that innovation is not something that can be achieved by a single department. It should be part of the company's overall strategy. It should also be something that is encouraged at all levels of the organization.5. What is the problem with many companies according to the news report?A) They are not innovative enough.B) They are short of documents.C) They lack practical innovation.D) They don't have clear goals.6. What does the Shanghai Daily say about innovation?A) It means creating something new.B) It should be more practical.C) It is just piles of documents.D) It can be achieved by a single department.7. What should companies do according to the article?A) Encourage innovation at all levels.B) Increase the R & D budget.C) Focus on new product development.D) Hire more innovative employees.Section B.Directions: In this section, you will hear two long conversations. At the end of each conversation, you will hear four questions. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Conversation One.Questions 8 to 11 will be based on the following conversation.M: So, how long have you been living in London?W: A couple of years. I moved here for the job.M: What do you do for a living?W: I work in a bank. It's an okay job. But I'm thinking of changing it.M: Why? What's wrong with it?W: Well, it's a bit boring. And the hours are really long. I don't have much time for myself.M: I see. So what kind of job are you looking for?W: I'm not sure really. Maybe something in marketing. I like working with people.M: That sounds interesting. Have you had any experience in marketing?W: A little bit. I did some volunteer work for a marketing project when I was at university.M: Well, that's a start. You should update your resume and start applying for jobs.W: Yeah, I know. But it's a bit scary. I'm not sure if I'm qualified enough.M: Don't worry. Just be confident. You have some relevant experience. And you can always learn on the job.8. Why does the woman want to change her job?A) She doesn't like her colleagues.B) She is not satisfied with the pay.C) It is not challenging enough.D) It is a bit boring and the hours are long.9. What kind of job is the woman interested in?A) A job in a bank.B) A job in marketing.C) A job in education.D) A job in IT.10. What did the woman do at university?A) She worked in a bank.B) She studied marketing.C) She did some volunteer work for a marketing project.D) She was a member of a marketing club.11. What does the man suggest the woman do?A) Be more confident.B) Get more qualifications.C) Wait for a better opportunity.D) Do more volunteer work.Conversation Two.Questions 12 to 15 will be based on the following conversation.M: Hi, Jane. How are you?W: Hi, Tom. I'm fine, thanks. How about you?M: I'm good. I heard you went on a trip last month. Where did you go?W: I went to Paris. It was amazing.M: Oh, really? What did you do there?W: Well, I visited a lot of museums. I love art, you know. And I also went to some famous restaurants. The food was delicious.M: Sounds great. How did you get around the city?W: I mostly walked. Paris is a very walkable city. But I also took the metro a few times.M: I see. Did you meet any interesting people?W: Yes, I did. I met a couple from Australia. We had dinner together one night. They were really nice.M: That's cool. So, would you recommend Paris to others?W: Absolutely. It's a beautiful city with so much to see and do.12. Where did the woman go last month?A) London.B) Paris.C) Rome.D) Sydney.13. What did the woman do in Paris?A) She visited museums and ate in restaurants.B) She did some shopping and went to the theater.C) She took a lot of pictures and made new friends.D) She attended a concert and visited some parks.14. How did the woman get around Paris?A) By car.B) By bus.C) Mostly by walking and sometimes by metro.D) By bike.15. What does the woman think of Paris?A) It's too big.B) It's very noisy.C) It's a great city to visit.D) It's a bit expensive.Section C.Directions: In this section, you will hear three passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear three or four questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Passage One.Questions 16 to 18 will be based on the following passage.Many people think that the more time a person spends at work, the more he or she accomplishes. However, the connection between time and productivity is not always positive. In fact, many studies show that after a certain point, employees become less productive as the number of hours they work increases.There are several reasons for this. First, when people work long hours, they tend to get tired. This makes it difficult for them to concentrate and perform at their best. Second, long hours can also lead to stress. Stress can have a negative impact on both physical and mental health, which in turn can affect productivity.Some companies have started to recognize this problem and are taking steps to address it. For example, they are implementing flexible work schedules. This allows employees to have more control over their work hours and can help them to be more productive.16. What is the common belief about work and productivity?A) The more time a person spends at work, the more he or she accomplishes.B) Productivity has nothing to do with the amount of work time.C) Working less hours can lead to higher productivity.D) Employees are most productive when they work for long hours.17. Why do employees become less productive after a certain point?A) They lack the necessary skills.B) They are not interested in their work.C) They get tired and stressed.D) They have too many distractions.18. What are some companies doing to address the problem?A) They are giving employees more training.B) They are increasing employees' salaries.C) They are implementing flexible work schedules.D) They are reducing the amount of work.Passage Two.Questions 19 to 21 will be based on the following passage.The Internet has changed the way we communicate, learn and do business. One area where the Internet has had a particularly significant impact is in education.Online courses are becoming more and more popular. There are many reasons for this. For one thing, online courses are very convenient. Students can study at their own pace and at a time that suits them. They can also access course materials from anywhere in the world.Another advantage of online courses is that they are often less expensive than traditional courses. This makes them more accessible to a wider range of students.However, online courses also have some disadvantages. One problem is that students may feel isolated. They may not have the same opportunities to interact with their classmates and instructors as they would in a traditional classroom setting. Another issue is that some online courses may not be of the same quality as traditional courses.19. What has the Internet changed?A) The way we communicate, learn and do business.B) Only the way we communicate.C) Only the way we do business.D) Only the way we learn.20. Why are online courses popular?A) They are very difficult.B) They are very convenient and often less expensive.C) They are of high quality.D) They are taught by famous professors.21. What are the disadvantages of online courses?A) They are too expensive.B) They are not convenient.C) Students may feel isolated and some may be of lower quality.D) They are only available in a few areas.Passage Three.Questions 22 to 25 will be based on the following passage.A new study shows that we keep using our old devices long after they've become obsolete. The study surveyed over 2,000 people in the United States. It found that on average, people keep their old smartphones for 2.5 years after they stop receiving software updates.People also keep their old laptops for an average of 3.5 years after they become obsolete. And they keep their old tablets for about 2 years after they are no longer supported.There are several reasons why people keep using these old devices. One reason is cost. Buying a new device can be expensive. Another reason isthat people may be attached to their old devices. They may have a lot of data and memories stored on them.However, using old devices can also have some risks. For example, old devices may not be secure. They may be more vulnerable to hacking and malware attacks.22. What does the new study find?A) People buy new devices very frequently.B) People keep using old devices long after they're obsolete.C) People don't care about software updates.D) People prefer old devices to new ones.23. How long do people keep their old smartphones on average?A) 1.5 years.B) 2 years.C) 2.5 years.D) 3 years.24. Why do people keep using old devices?A) Because they are very secure.B) Because they are new.C) Because of cost and attachment.D) Because they are easy to use.25. What are the risks of using old devices?A) They may be too expensive.B) They may be difficult to use.C) They may not be secure.D) They may not have enough storage.。
2020年托福听力模拟试题及答案(卷九)
2020年托福听力模拟试题及答案（卷九）Xerography1 One more familiar use of electrochemistry that has made its way into the mainstream is xerography, a process for replicating documents that is dependent on photoconductive materials. A photoconductive material is an insulator in the dark but becomes a conductor when exposed to bright light. When a photocopy is being made, an image of a document is projected onto the surface of a rotating drum, and bright light causes the photoconductive material on the surface of the drum to become conductive.2 As a result of the conductivity, the drum loses its charge in the lighted areas, and toner (small grains to which dry ink adheres) attaches itself only to the darker parts of the image. The grains are then carried to a sheet of paper and fused with heat. When a laser printer is used, the image is projected by means of a laser beam, which creates a brighter light and a greater contrast between lighter and darker areas and therefore results in sharper printed images.1. The author begins the first paragraph with One more familiar use of electrochemistry in order to(A) explain that xerography is one of the less familiar uses of electrochemistry(B) make it clear that electrochemistry requires photoconductivematerials(C) show that xerography is the only known use for electrochemistry(D) indicate that other less familiar uses have already been discussed2. Why does the author explain that A photoconductive material is an insulator in the dark but becomes a conductor when exposed to bright light?(A) It gives an explanation of a property that is necessary for xerography.(B) It indicates that bright light is required for insulation to take place.(C) It gives one example of a successful xerographic process.(D) It explains the role of insulation in xerography.3. The author places the phrase small grains to which dry ink adheres in parentheses in order to(A) provide information that contradicts the previous statement(B) provide another example of conductivity(C) provide further detail information about toner(D) provide an alternate explanation for the effectiveness of toner4. Why is a laser printer mentioned?(A) It is an alternative to xerography.(B) It is a way of duplicating without using electrochemistry.(C) It is a second example of xerography.(D) It is a less effective type of xerography than is a photocopier.正确答案：D_A_C_CThe Filibuster1 The term filibuster has been in use since the mid-nineteenth century to describe the tactic of delaying legislative action in order to prevent the passage of a bill. The word comes from the Dutch freebooter, or pirate, and most likely developed from the idea that someone conducting a filibuster is trying to steal away the opportunity that proponents of a bill have to make it successful.2 In the earlier history of the U.S. Congress, filibusters were used in both the House of Representatives and in the Senate, but they are now much more a part of the culture of the Senate than of the House. Because the House is a much larger body than is the Senate, the House now has rules which greatly limit the amount of time that each member may speak, which effectively serves to eliminate the filibuster as a mechanism for delaying legislation in the House.3 In the Senate, the smaller of the two bodies, there are now rules that can constrain but not totally eliminate filibusters. The Senate adopted its first cloture rule in 1917, a rule which requires a vote of two-thirds of the Senate to limit debate to one hour on each side. The rule was changed in 1975 and now requires a vote of three-fifths of themembers to invoke cloture in most situations.4 The longest filibuster on record occurred in 1957, when Senator Strom Thurmond of South Carolina wanted to delay voting on civil rights legislation. The filibuster was conducted for twenty-four hours and 18 minutes on August 28 and 29, when Thurmond held the floor of the Senate by lecturing on the law and reading from court decisions and newspaper columns. It was his hope that this filibuster would rally opponents of civil rights legislation; however, two weeks after the filibuster, the Civil Rights Act of 1957 passed.14. It can be inferred from the information in paragraph 1 that around 1800(A) the first filibuster took place(B) legislative action was never delayed(C) the term filibuster was not in use in the U.S. Congress(D) the Dutch introduced the term freebooter15. It can be determined from paragraph 1 that a freebooter was most likely someone who(A) served in the Senate(B) robbed passing ships(C) enacted legislation(D) served in the Dutch government16. It is implied in paragraph 2 that, in its early years, the House(A) had no rules against filibusters(B) had few filibusters(C) had fewer filibusters than the Senate(D) had the longest filibuster on record17. Based on the information in paragraph 3, a vote of cloture would most likely be used to(A) initiate filibusters(B) break filibusters(C) extend filibusters(D) encourage filibusters18. It can be inferred from the information in paragraph 3 that the 1975 rule change(A) increased the number of people needed to vote for cloture(B) made it easier to limit a filibuster(C) covered all types of Senate votes(D) decreased the number of people in the Senate19. It is implied in paragraph 4 that Senator Thurmond was opposed to(A) filibusters(B) lecturing on the law(C) speaking in the Senate(D) the Civil Rights Act of 1957参考答案：14-19：A、B、A、B、DTiger MothsOne of the most beautiful of the more than 100,000 known species in the order Lepidoptera are the tiger moths, moths known for the striking appeal of their distinctive coloration. This type of moth is covered with highly conspicuous orange-and-black or yellow-and-black patterns of spots and stripes. Such boldly patterned color combinations are commonplace in the animal world, serving the function of forewarning potential predators of unpleasant tastes and smells. This is unquestionably the function served by the striking coloration of the garden tiger moth, which is quite visually attractive but is also poisonous to predators. Certain glands in the garden tiger moth produce strong toxins that circulate throughout the insect's bloodstream, while other glands secrete bubbles that produce a noxious warning smell. The tiger moth, indeed, is a clear example of a concept that many predators intuitively understand, that creatures with the brightest coloration are often the least suitable to eat.1. It is implied in the passage about the order Lepidoptera that(A) all members of the order are moths(B) there may be more than 100,000 species in this order(C) all members of the order are brightly colored(D) there are most likely fewer than 100,000 species in this order2. It can be inferred from the passage that the tiger moth was so named because(A) its coloration resembles that of a tiger(B) it is ferocious predator, like the tiger(C) its habitat is the same as the tiger's(D) it is a member of the same scientific classification as the tiger3. What would most likely happen to a predator that wanted to eata tiger moth?(A) The predator would be unable to catch it(B) The predator would capture it by poisoning it.(C) The predator would be unable to find it.(D) The predator would back away from it.4. Which of the following would a predator be most likely to attack successfully?(A) A purple and orange moth(B) A green and blue moth(C) A brown and grey moth(D) A red and yellow moth参考答案：1-4：B、A、D、CIsland Plant LifeIslands are geographical formations that are completely surrounded by water, yet many islands are covered with a rich assortment of plant life. It may seem surprising that so much plant life exists on many islands, yet there are surprisingly simple explanations as to how the vegetation has been able to establish itself there. Some islands were formerly attached to larger bodies of land, while others were created on their own. Islands that were created when flooding or rising water levels cut them off from their neighbors often still have the plant life that they had before they were cut off. In cases where islands formed out of the ocean, they may have plant life from neighboring lands even though they were never actually attached to the neighboring lands. Winds carry many seeds to islands; some plants produce extremely light seeds that can float thousands of feet above the Earth and then drift down to islands where they can sprout and develop. Birds also carry seeds to islands; as birds move over open stretches of water, they can serve as the transportation system to spread seeds from place to place.Answer Choices (choose 3 to complete the chart):(1) Some seeds are able to float great distances in the air.(2) Some plant life existed before islands were cut off from larger bodies of land.(3) Some islands have many different varieties of plants.(4) Birds sometimes carry seeds to islands.(5) Some islands were created when rising water cut them off from larger bodies of land.(6) Some plant seeds are carried to islands by the wind.参考答案：（2）、（4）、（6）Ben and Jerry1 All successful businesses are not established and run in the same way, with formal business plans, traditional organizational structures, and a strong focus on profits. Ben Cohen and Jerry Greenfield, the entrepreneurs responsible for the highly successful ice cream business that bears their names, were businessmen with a rather unconventional approach.2 They were rather unconventional from the start, not choosing to begin their careers by attending one of the elite business schools but instead choosing to take a five-dollar correspondence course from Pennsylvania State University. They had little financial backing to start their business, so they had to cut corners wherever they could; the onlylocation they could afford for the startup of their business was a gas station that they converted to ice cream production. Though this start-up was rather unconventional, they were strongly committed to creating the best ice cream possible, and this commitment to the quality of their product eventually led to considerable success.3 Even though they became extremely successful, they did not convert to a more conventional style of doing business. In an era where companies were measured on every penny of profit that they managed to squeeze out, Ben and Jerry had a strong belief that business should give back to the community; thus, they donated 7.5 percent of their pretax profit to social causes that they believed in. They also lacked the emphasis on executive salary and benefits packages that so preoccupy other corporations, opting instead for a five-to-one policy in which the salary of the employee receiving the highest pay could never be more than five times the salary of the employee receiving the lowest pay.Answer Choices (choose 3 to complete the chart):(1) They each had a personal commitment to social causes.(2) They began their business with little background andinvestment.(3) They believed strongly in producing a very high-quality product.(4) They had a salary structure that limits the salaries of high-level executives.(5) They set aside a noteworthy portion of their profits for social causes.(6) They borrowed several thousand dollars from friends to start their business.参考答案：(2)、(4)、(5)paragraph The Bald Eagle1 When the bald eagle became the national symbol of the United States in 1782, soon after the country was born, it is estimated that there were as many as 75,000 nesting pairs in North America. By the early 1960s, however, the number of nesting pairs had been reduced to only around 450.2 The demise of the bald eagle is generally attributed to the effects of the pesticide DDT (dichloro-diphenyl-trichloroethane). This pesticide was used to kill insects harmful to agriculture, thereby increasing agricultural production. One unintended negative result of the use of DDT was that, while it did get rid of the undesirable insects, it also made its way along the food chain into fish, a favorite food source of the bald eagle.3 The bald eagle is now protected by federal laws. It was originally protected by the Bald Eagle Act of 1940 and later by the Endangered Species Act of 1973. However, it is not just the laws directly related to endangered species that aided in the resurgence of the bald eagle; its resurgence has also been widely attributed to the banning of DDT in 1972. Today there are more than 5,000 pairs of bald eagles, a tenfold increase over the low point of 450, and the bird was removed from the list of endangered species in july, 1999.Answer Choices (choose 4 to complete the chart):(1) the numbers of bald eagles were greatly reduced, at least in part due to the effects of a pesticide.(2) The legislation has had a positive effect on the number of bald eagles.(3) The bald eagle was named as the national symbol of the United States in the late eighteenth century.(4) Early in the history of the United States, there were hugenumbers of bald eagles.(5) Two different pieces of legislation that affected the bald eagle were enacted 33 years apart.(6) The federal government enacted legislation specifically designed to protect the bald eagle as well as to outlaw the pesticide DDT.参考答案：(1)、(2)、(4)、(6)Sand Dunes1 Sandy deserts contain enormous volumes of sand eroded from mountains and carried to the deserts by wind or water. The huge quantities of sand that make up sandy deserts are blow about into dunes of various shapes.2 Ridge dunes form where there are large amounts of sand, generally in the interiors of deserts, and winds blow in one direction. Under there conditions, parallel ridges of sand, known as transverse dunes, form at right angles to the wind.3 When the direction of the wind changes so that it comes from different directions, star-shaped dunes form from the massive amounts of sand in desert interiors. Star-shaped dunes are relatively stable dunes that reach incredible heights, up to 80 meters high in some deserts, and are quite common in massive deserts such as the Sahara.4 Crescent dunes form on the edges of deserts where there is less sand and where the winds blow mainly in one direction. These dunes,which are also known as barchan dunes are less stable than star-shaped dunes and can shift as much as 20 meters per year as winds blow over the outer curves of the crescent in the direction of the pointed ends.Answer Choices (choose 4 to complete the chart):(1) Ridge and crescent dunes form where the winds blow from one direction.(2) Crescent dunes are also known as barchan dunes.(3) Star-shaped dunes form where the winds blow from different directions.(4) Transverse dunes are created parallel to the wind.(5) Ridge and star dunes form where there is a lot of sand.(6) Star-shaped dunes are more stable than crescent dunes.(7) Crescent dunes form where there is less sand.参考答案：第一栏：（5）、（7）第二栏：（1）、（3）William Faulkner1 Author William Faulkner is today recognized as one of America's greatest writers on the basis of a body of novels that so convincingly portray the culture of the South in the years following the Civil War, with its citizens overcome by grief and defeat and trying to cling to old values while struggling to take their place in a changing world. The acclaim that today is Faulkner's, however, was slow in coming.2 Though Faulkner was praised by some critics and reviewers during the first part of his career, is novels did not sell well and he was considered a fairly marginal author. For the first few decades of his career, he made his living writing magazine articles and working as a screenwriter rather than as a novelist. Throughout this period, he continued to write, though his novels, sometimes noted for the stirring portrait that they presented of life in the post-Civil War South, were generally relegated to the category of strictly regional writing and were not widely appreciated.3 Beginning in 1946, Faulkner's career took an unexpected anddramatic turn as Faulkner came to be recognized as considerably more than a regional writer. The Portable Faulkner was published in that year by Viking Press; two years later he was elected to the prestigious National Academy of Arts and Letters; he was awarded the Nobel Prize for literature in 1949. Over the next decade, his work was recognized in various ways, including a National Book Award and two Pulitzer Prizes, and he became a novelist in residence at the University of Virginia. His success led to a degree of affluence that enabled him to take up the life of a southern gentleman, including horseback riding and fox hunting. Ironically, he died as a result of an accident related to these gentlemanly pursuits, succumbing as a result of injuries suffered during a fall from a horse.Answer Choices (choose 6 to complete the chart):(1) Was considered one of America's greatest writers(2) Received a small amount of critical acclaim(3) Died as a result of a horseback-riding incident(4) Received numerous awards and acclaim(5) Was considered merely a regional writer(6) Wrote novels about various American regions(7) Made his living as a novelist(8) Made his living with writing other than novels参考答案：第一栏：（2）、（5）、（8）第二栏：（1）、（4）、（7）The Clovis Culture1 Archeologists have found sites all over North America that contain similar tools dating from a period about 12,000 years ago. The culture that developed these tools has been named Clovis after the site near Clovis, New Mexico, where the first tools of this sort were discovered in 1932. The tools are quite sophisticated and are unlike any tools that have been found in the Old World.2 In the years since the first tools of this sort were discovered inNew Mexico, archeologists have discovered Clovis tools in areas ranging from Mexico to Montana in the United States and Nova Scotia in Canada. All of the Clovis finds date from approximately the same period, a fact which suggests that the Clovis spread rapidly throughout the North American continent.3 From the evidence that has been discovered, archeologists have concluded that the Clovis were a mobile culture. They traveled in groups of 40 to 50 individuals, migrating seasonally and returning to the same hunting camps each year. Their population increased rapidly as they spread out over the continent, and they were quite possibly motivated to develop their sophisticated hunting tools to feed their rapidly expanding populace.11. What is stated in paragraph 1 about Clovis tools?(A) They date from around 10,000 B.C.(B) They have been in use for 12,000 years.(C) They have been found at only one location.(D) They were discovered by archeologists hundreds of years ago.12. According to paragraph 1, the town of Clovis(A) is in Mexico(B) was founded in 1932(C) is where all members of the Clovis culture lived(D) is where the first remnants of an ancient culture were found13. It is indicated in paragraph 1 that the tools found near Clovis, New Mexico, were(A) very rudimentary(B) similar to others found prior to 1932(C) rather advanced(D) similar to some found in Africa and Europe14. According to paragraph 2, what conclusion have archeologists drawn from the Clovis finds?(A) That the Clovis tended to remain in one place(B) That the Clovis expanded relatively quickly(C) That the Clovis lived throughout the world(D) That the Clovis were a seafaring culture15. It is mentioned in paragraph 3 that it is believed that the Clovis(A) lived in familial groups of four or five people(B) had a relatively stable population(C) lived only in New Mexico(D) spent summers and winters in different places参考答案：11-15：A、D、C、B、DThe Postage Stamp1 The postage stamp has been around for only a relatively short period of time. The use of stamps for postage was first proposed in England in 1837, when Sir Rowland Hill published a pamphlet entitled"Post Office Reform: Its Importance and Practicability" to put forth the ideas that postal rates should not be based on the distance that a letter or package travels but should instead be based on the weight of the letter or package and that fees for postal services should be collected in advance of the delivery, rather than after, through the use of postage stamps.2 The ideas proposed by Hill went into effect in England almost immediately, and other countries soon followed suit. The first English stamp, which featured a portrait of then Queen Victoria, was printed in 1840. This stamp, the "penny black," came in sheets that needed to be separated with scissors and provided enough postage for a letter weighing 14 grams or less to any destination. In 1843, Brazil was the next nation to produce national postage stamps, and various areas in what is today Switzerland also produced postage stamps later in the same year. Postage stamps in five-and ten-cent denominations were first approved by the U.S. Congress in 1847, and by 1860 postage stamps were being issued in more than 90 governmental jurisdictions worldwide.6. According to paragraph 1, postage stamps were first suggested(A) in the first half of the eighteenth century(B) in the second half of the eighteenth century(C) in the first half of the nineteenth century(D) in the second half of the nineteenth century7. It is indicated in paragraph 1 that Sir Rowland Hill believed that postage fees(A) should be paid by the sender(B) should be related to distance(C) should have nothing to do with how heavy a package is(D) should be collected after the package is delivered8. What is stated in paragraph 2 about the first English postage stamp?(A) It was designed by Queen Victoria.(B) It contained a drawing of a black penny.(C) It was produced in sheets of 14 stamps.(D) It could be used to send a lightweight letter.9. According to paragraph 2, Brazil introduced postage stamps(A) before England(B) before Switzerland(C) after the United States(D) after Switzerland10. It is mentioned in paragraph 2 that in 1847(A) postage stamps were in use in 90 different countries(B) it cost fifteen cents to mail a letter in the United States(C) two different denominations of postage stamps were introduced in the United States(D) the U.S. Congress introduced the "penny black" stamp参考答案：6-10：A、A、D、B、CLake Baikal1 Crescent-shaped Lake Baikal, in Siberia, is only the ninth largest lake in area at 385 miles (650 km) in length and 46 miles (74 km) in width, yet it is easily the largest body of fresh water in the world. It holds one-fifth of the world's total fresh water, which is more than the total of all the water in the five Great Lakes; it holds so much fresh water in spite of its less-than-impressive area because it is by far the world's deepest lake. The average depth of the lake is 1,312 feet (400 meters) below sea level, and the Olkhon Crevice, the lowest known point, is more than 5,250 feet (1,600 meters) deep.2 Lake Baikal, which today is located near the center of the Asian peninsula, is most likely the world's oldest lake. It began forming 25 million years ago as Asia started splitting apart in a series of great faults. The Baikal Valley dropped away, eventually filling with water and creating the deepest of the world's lakes.1. What is stated in paragraph 1 about the shape of Lake Baikal?(A) It is wider than it is long.(B) It is circular in shape.(C) Its width is one-half of its length.(D) It is shaped like a new moon.2. It is indicated in paragraph 1 that the area of Lake Baikal(A) is less than the area of eight other lakes(B) is one-ninth the area of Siberia(C) is greater than the area of any other freshwater lake(D) is equal to the area of the five Great Lakes3. According to paragraph 1, Lake Baikal(A) holds one-fifth of the world's water(B) holds five times the water of the Great Lakes(C) holds one-ninth of the world's water(D) holds 20 percent of the world's fresh water4. According to paragraph 1, the Olkhon Crevice is(A) outside of Lake Baikal(B) 400 meters below sea level(C) the deepest part of Lake Baikal(D) 5,000 meters deep5. It is mentioned in paragraph 2 that Lake Baikal(A) is not as old as some other lakes(B) formed when sections of the Earth were moving away from each other(C) was fully formed 25 million years ago(D) is today located on the edge of the Asian peninsula参考答案：1-5：D、A、D、C、BNew World EpidemicsA huge loss of life resulted from the introduction of Old World diseases into the Americas in the early sixteenth century. The inhabitants of the Americas were separated from Asia, Africa, and Europe by rising oceans following the Ice Ages, and, as a result, they were isolated by means of this watery barrier from numerous virulent epidemic diseases that had developed across the ocean, such as measles, smallpox, pneumonia, and malaria. Pre-Columbian Americans had a relatively disease-free environment but also lacked the antibodies needed to protect them from bacteria and viruses brought to America by European explorers and colonists. A devastating outbreak of disease the strikes for the first time against a completely unprotected population is known as a virgin soil epidemic. Virgin soil epidemics contributed to an unbelievable decline in the population of native inhabitants of the Americas, one that has been estimated at as much as an 80 percent decrease of the native population in the centuries following the arrival of Europeans in the Americas.10. The word they in the passage refers to(A) the inhabitants(B) epidemic diseases(C) rising oceans(D) the Ice Ages11. The word that in the passage refers to(A) a disease-free environment(B) this watery barrier(C) virulent epidemic diseases(D) the ocean12. The world them in the passage refers to(A) pre-Columbian Americans(B) the antibodies(C) bacteria and viruses(D) European explorers and colonists13. The word one in the passage refers to(A) a virgin soil epidemic(B) an unbelievable decline(C) the population of native inhabitants(D) the arrival of Europeans参考答案：10-13：A、C、A、B。
2020年托福听力模拟试题及答案(卷五)
2020年托福听力模拟试题及答案（卷五）The year 1850 may be considered the beginning of a new epoch in America art, with respect to the development of watercolor painting. In December of that year, a group of thirty artists gathered in the studio of John Falconer in New York City and drafted both a constitution and bylaws, establishing The Society for the Promotion of Painting in Water Color. In addition to securing an exhibition space in the Library Society building in lower Manhattan, the society founded a small school for the instruction of watercolor painting. Periodic exhibitions of the members' paintings also included works by noted English artists of the day, borrowed from embryonic private collections in the city. The society's activities also included organized sketching excursions along the Hudson River. Its major public exposure came in 1853, when the society presented works by its members in the "Industry of All Nations" section of the Crystal Palace Exposition in New York.The society did not prosper, however, and by the time of its annual meeting in 1854 membership had fallen to twenty-one. The group gave up its quarters in the Library Society building and returned to Falconer's studio, where it broke up amid dissension. No further attempt to formally organize the growing numbers of watercolor painters in New York City was made for more than a decade. During that decade, though, Henry Warren's Painting in Water Color was published in New York Cityin 1856 —the book was a considerable improvement over the only other manual of instruction existing at the time, Elements of Graphic Art, by Archibald Roberson, published in 1802 and by the 1850's long out of print.In 1866 the National Academy of Design was host to an exhibition of watercolor painting in its elaborate neo-Venetian Gothic building on Twenty-Third Street in New York City. The exhibit was sponsored by an independent group called The Artists Fund Society. Within a few months of this event, forty-two prominent artists living in and near New York City founded The American Society of Painters in Water Colors.1. This passage is mainly about(A) the most influential watercolor painters in the mid-1800's(B) efforts to organize watercolor painters in New York City during the mid-1800's(C) a famous exhibition of watercolor paintings in New York City in the mid-1800's(D) styles of watercolor painting in New York City during the mid-1800's2. The year 1850 was significant in the history of watercolor painting mainly because(A) a group of artists established a watercolor painting society(B) watercolor painting was first introduced to New York City(C) John Falconer established his studio for watercolor painters(D) The first book on watercolor painting was published3. The word "securingV得到，获得" in line 5 is closest in meaning to(A) locking(B) creating(C) constructing(D) acquiring4. All of the following can be inferred about the Society for the promotion of Painting in Watercolor EXCEPT:(A) The society exhibited paintings in lower Manhattan.(B) Instruction in watercolor painting was offered by members of the society(C) The society exhibited only the paintings of its members.(D) Scenes of the Hudson River appeared often in the work of society members.5. The exhibition at the Crystal Palace of the works of the Society for the Promotion of Painting in Watercolor was significant for which of the following reasons?(A) It resulted in a dramatic increase in the popularity of painting with watercolor.(B) It was the first time an exhibition was funded by a private source.(C) It was the first important exhibition of the society's work.(D) It resulted in a large increase in the membership of the society.6. The word "it" in line 15 refers to(A) time(B) group(C) building(D) studio7. Which of the following is true of watercolor painters in New York City in the late 1850's?(A) They increased in number despite a lack of formal organization.(B) They were unable to exhibit their paintings because of the lack of exhibition space.(C) The Artists Fund Society helped them to form The American Society of Painters in Water Colors.(D) They formed a new society because they were not allowed to join groups run by other kinds of artists.8. Henry Warren's Painting in Water Color was important to artists because it(A) received an important reward(B) was the only textbook published that taught painting(C) was much better than an earlier published fundamental of instruction(D) attracted the interest of art collectors9. The word "considerable" in line 19 is closest in meaning to(A) sensitive(B) great(C) thoughtful(D) planned10. The year 1866 was significant for watercolor painting for which of the following reasons?(A) Elements of Graphic Art was republished.(B) Private collections of watercolors were first publicly exhibited.(C) The neo-Venetian Gothic building on Twenty-Third Street in New York City was built.(D) The National Academy of Design held an exhibition of watercolor paintings.11. The word "prominent" in line 25 is closest in meaning to(A) wealthy(B) local(C) famous(D) organized答案：BADCC BACBD CThe observation of the skies has played a special part in the lives andcultures of peoples since the earliest of times. Evidence obtained from a site known as the Hole in the Rock, in Papago Park in Phoenix, Arizona, indicates that it might have been used as an observatory by a prehistoric people known as the Hohokam.The physical attributes of the site allow its use as a natural calendar/clock. The "hole" at Hole in the Rock is formed by two large overhanging rocks coming together at a point, creating a shelter with an opening large enough for several persons to pass through. The northeast-facing overhang has a smaller opening in its roof. It is this smaller hole that produces the attributes that may have been used as a calendar/clock.Because of its location in the shelter's roof, a beam of sunlight can pass through this second hole and cast a spot onto the shelter's wall and floor. This spot of light travels from west to east as the sun moves across the sky. It also moves from north to south and back again as the Earth travels around the Sun, the west-to-east movement could have been used to establish a daily clock, much like a sundial, while the north-to-south movement could have been used to establish a seasonal calendar.The spot first appears and starts down the surface of the wall of the shelter at different times of the morning depending on the time of the year. The spot grows in size from its first appearance until its maximumsize is achieved roughly at midday. It then continues its downward movement until it reaches a point where it jumps to the floor of the shelter. As the Sun continues to move to the west, the spot continues to move across the shelter floor and down the butte, or hill, toward a group of small boulders. If a person is seated on a certain one of these rocks as the spot reaches it, the Sun can be viewed through the calendar hole. This occurs at different times in the afternoon depending on the time of year.1. What does the passage mainly discuss?(A) observations of the stars by ancient people(B) rock formations of Arizona(C) a site used by ancient people to measure time(D) the movement of the earth around the Sun2. The word "obtained" in line 2 is closest in meaning to(A) acquired(B) transported(C) covered(D) removed3. The word "attributes属性，特征" in line 5 is closest in meaning to(A) changes(B) characteristics(C) locations(D) dimensions4. The word "its" in line 10 refers to(A) roof(B) beam(C) hole(D) spot5. The word "establish" in line 15 is closest in meaning to(A) create(B) locate(C) consult(D) choose6. Which of the following is NOT true of the spot of light?(A) It is caused by sunlight passing through a hole.(B) It travels across the roof of the shelter.(C) Its movement is affected by the position of the Sun.(D) It movement could have been used to estimate the time of day.7. From which of the following can be the time of year be determined?(A) The movement of the spot of light from west to east(B) The speed with which the spot of light moves(C) The movement of the spot of light from north to south(D) The size of the sport of light at midday8. The word "roughly粗糙地" in line 18 is closest in meaning to(A) finally(B) harshly(C) uneasily(D) approximately9. The passage mentions that the Hole in the Rock was used as all of the following EXCEPT(A) a calendar(B) a home(C) a clock(D) an observatory10. Which of the following can be inferred from the fourth paragraph?(A) The boulders are located below the rock shelter.(B) The person seated on the rock cannot see the shelter.(C) After it passes the boulders, the spot of light disappears.(D) The spot of light is largest when it first appears.答案：CABCA BCDBAMatching the influx of foreign immigrants into the larger cities of the United States during the late nineteenth century was a domestic migration, from town and farm to city, within the United States. Thecountry had been overwhelmingly rural at the beginning of the century, with less than 5 percent of Americans living in large towns or cities. The proportion of urban population began to grow remarkably after 1840, increasing from 11 percent that year to 28 percent by 1880 and to 46 percent by 1900. A country with only 6 cities boasting a population of more than 8,000 in 1800 had become one with 545 such cities in 1900. Of these, 26 had a population of more than 100,000 including 3 that held more than a million people. Much of the migration producing an urban society came from smaller towns within the United States, but the combination of new immigrants and old American "settlers" on America's "urban frontier" in the late nineteenth century proved extraordinary.The growth of cities and the process of industrialization fed on each other. The agricultural revolution stimulated many in the countryside to seek a new life in the city and made it possible for fewer farmers to feed the large concentrations of people needed to provide a workforce for growing numbers of factories. Cities also provided ready and convenient markets for the products of industry, and huge contracts in transportation and construction —as well as the expanded market in consumer goods —allowed continued growth of the urban sector of the overall economy of the Untied States.Technological developments further stimulated the process ofurbanization. One example is the Bessemer converter (an industrial process for manufacturing steel), which provided steel girders for the construction of skyscrapers. The refining of crude oil into kerosene, and later the development of electric lighting as well as of the telephone, brought additional comforts to urban areas that were unavailable to rural Americans and helped attract many of them from the farms into the cities. In every era the lure of the city included a major psychological element for country people: the bustle and social interaction of urban life seemed particularly intriguing to those raised in rural isolation.1. What aspects of the United States in the nineteenth century does the passage mainly discuss?(A) Technological developments(B) The impact of foreign immigrants on cities(C) Standards of living(D) The relationship between industrialization and urbanization2. The word "influx注入，涌入" in line 1 is closest in meaning to(A) working(B) processing 调整，加工，处理，冲洗，理赔，工艺设计…(C) arrival(D) attraction3. The paragraph preceding the passage most probably discuss(A) foreign immigration(C) the agricultural revolution(D) famous cities of the twentieth century4. What proportion of population of the United States was urban in 1900?(A) Five percent(B) Eleven percent(C) Twenty-eight percent(D) Forty-six percent5. The word "extraordinary不平常的，特别的" in line 12 is closet in meaning to(A) expensive(B) exceptional(C) supreme(D) necessary6. The phrase "each other" in line 13 refers to(A) foreign immigrants and domestic migrants(B) farms and small towns(C) growth of cities and industrialization(D) industry and transportation7. The word "stimulated" in line 14 is closest in meaning to(A) forced(C) limited(D) motivated8. Why does the author mention "electric lighting" and "the telephone" in line 23?(A) They contributed to the agricultural revolution(B) They are examples of the conveniences of city life(C) They were developed by the same individual.(D) They were products of the Bessemer converter.9. The word "them" in line 25 refers to(A) urban areas(B) rural Americans(C) farms(D) cities10. The word "era" in line 25 is closest in meaning to(A) period of time(B) location(C) action(D) unique situation11. The word "intriguing有吸引的" in line 27 is closest in meaning to(A) profitable(C) comfortable(D) challenging答案：DCADB CDBBA BResearchers in the field of psychology have found that one of the best ways to make an important decision, such as choosing a university to attend or a business to invest in, involves the utilization of a decision worksheet. Psychologists who study optimization compare the actual decisions made by people to theoretical ideal decisions to see how similar they are. Proponents of the worksheet procedure believe that it will yield optimal, that is, the best decisions. Although there are several variations on the exact format that worksheets can take, they are all similar in their essential aspects. Worksheets require defining the problem in a clear and concise way and then listing all possible solutions to the problem. Next, the pertinent considerations that will be affected by each decision are listed, and the relative importance of each consideration or consequence is determined. Each consideration is assigned a numerical value to reflect its relative importance. A decision is mathematically calculated by adding these values together. The alternative with the highest number of points emerges as the best decision.Since most important problems are multifaceted, there are several alternatives to choose from, each with unique advantages and disadvantages. One of the benefits of a pencil and paper decision-making procedure is that it permits people to deal with more variables than their minds can generally comprehend and remember. On the average, people can keep about seven ideas in their minds at once. A worksheet can be especially useful when the decision involves a large number of variables with complex relationships. A realistic example for many college students is the question "What will I do after graduation?" A graduate might seek a position that offers specialized training, pursue an advanced degree, or travel abroad for a year.A decision-making worksheet begins with a succinct statement of the problem that will also help to narrow it. It is important to be clear about the distinction between long-range and immediate goals because long-range goals often involve a different decision than short-range ones. Focusing on long-range goals, a graduating student might revise the question above to "What will I do after graduation that will lead to successful career?"1. What does the passage mainly discuss?(A) A tool to assist in making complex decisions.(B) A comparison of actual decisions and ideal decisions(C) Research on how people make decisions(D) Differences between long-range and short-range decision making2. The word "essential" in line 7 is closest in meaning to(A) introductory(B) changeable(C) beneficial(D) fundamental3. The word "pertinent有关的，相关的" in line 9 is closest in meaning to(A) relevant(B) preceding 在先的，前面的，在前的(C) insightful 富有洞察力的(D) responsive4. Of the following steps, which occurs before the others in makinga decision worksheet?(A) Listing the consequences of each solution(B) Calculating a numerical summary of each solution(C) Deciding which consequences are most important(D) Writing down all possible solutions5. According to decision-worksheet theory, an optimal decision is defined as one that(A) has the fewest variables to consider(B) uses the most decision worksheets(C) has the most points assigned to it(D) is agreed to by the greatest number of people6. The author develops the discussion in paragraph 1 by means of(A) describing a process(B) classifying types of worksheets(C) providing historical background(D) explaining a theory7. The author states that "On the average, people can keep about seven ideas in their minds at once (lines 17-18) to explain that(A) most decisions involve seven steps(B) human mental capacity has limitations(C) some people have difficulty making minor as well as major decisions(D) people can learn to keep more than seven ideas in their minds with practice8. The word "succinct简洁的"in line 24 is closest in meaning to(A) creative(B) satisfactory(C) personal(D) concise9. Which of the following terms is defined in the passage ?(A) Proponents (line 5)(B) Optimal (line 5)(C) Variables (line 17)(D) Long-range goals (line 25)10. The word "it" in line 24 refers to(A) worksheet(B) problem(C) distinction(D) decision11. The word "revise修订，修改，修正" in line 26 is closest in meaning to(A) ask(B) explain(C) change(D) predictADADC ABDBB C语法补充百分比结构most/ half/ rest/ majority/ some/ one percent/ one-third/ three-quarters + of + Noun. + V (V單複數由Noun.定)n1+of+n2+v 谓语由n1决定eg:Approximately fifty percent of the (package) (utilized) in the United States are for (foods) and (beverages)答案: A packagepackagesBy 1776 the fine art of painting as it had developed in western Europe up to this time had been introduced into the American colonies through books and prints, European visitors and immigrants, and traveling colonists who brought back copies (and a few original) of old master paintings and acquaintance with European art institutions.By the outbreak of the Revolution against British rule in 1776, the status of the artists had already undergone change. In the mid-eighteenth century, painters had been willing to assume such artisan-related tasks as varnishing, gilding teaching, keeping shops, and painting wheel carriages, houses, and signs. The terminology by which artists were described at the time suggests their status: "limner" was usually applied to the anonymous portrait painter up to the 1760's; "painter" characterized anyone who could paint a flat surface. By the second half of the century, colonial artists who were trained in England or educated in the classics rejected the status of laborer and thought of themselves as artists. Some colonial urban portraitists, such as John Singleton Copley, Benjamin West, and Charles Wilson Peale, consorted with affluent patrons. Although subject to fluctuations in their economic status, all three enjoyed sufficient patronage to allow them to maintainan image of themselves as professional artists, an image indicated by their custom of signing their paintings. A few art collectors James Bowdoin III of Boston, William Byrd of Virginian, and the Aliens and Hamiltons of Philadelphia introduced European art traditions to those colonists privileged to visit their galleries, especially aspiring artists, and established in their respective communities the idea of the value of art and the need for institutions devoted to its encouragement.Although the colonists tended to favor portraits, they also accepted landscapes, historical works, and political engravings as appropriate artistic subjects. With the coming of independence from the British Crown, a sufficient number of artists and their works were available to serve nationalistic purposes. The achievements of the colonial artists, particularly those of Copley, West, and Peale, lent credence to the boast that the new nation was capable of encouraging genius and that political liberty was congenial to the development of taste —a necessary step before art could assume an important role in the new republic.1. What does the passage mainly discuss?(A) European influence on colonial American painting(B) The importance of patronage to artist(C) The changing status of artists in the American colonies in the eighteenth century(D) Subjects preferred by artists in the American colonies in theeighteenth century.2. The word "outbreak" in line 5 is closest in meaning to(A) cause(B) beginning(C) position(D) explanation3. The word "undergone undergo 经历" in line 6 is closest in meaning to(A) led to(B) transformed(C) preferred(D) experienced4. According to the passage , before the American Revolution the main task of limners was to(A) paint wheel carriages(B) paint portraits(C) varnish furniture(D) paint flat surfaces5. It can be inferred from the passage that artists who were trained in England(A) considered artists to be superior to painters(B) barely painted portraitists(C) were often very wealthy(D) imitated English painters6. The word "consorted 结交" in line 14 is closest in meaning to(A) made decisions(B) studies(C) agreed(D) associated7. The word "sufficient充足的，充分的" in line 16 is closest in meaning to(A) adequate(B) temporary(C) friendly(D) expensive8. According to the passage , artists such as Copley, West and Peal signed their paintings(A) increased the monetary value of the paintings(B) made it more difficult for other artists to copy the paintings(C) supported the artists' image of professionalism(D) distinguished colonial American artists from European artists9. The author mentions James Bowdoin III and William Byrd in line17 as examples of which of the following?(A) Art gallery owners who displayed only European art(B) Art collectors who had a profound influence on American attitudes toward art(C) Artists who gave financial support to other artists(D) Patrons whose helped to encourage artisans to become artists10. With which of the following would the author be most likely to agree?(A) Countries that have not had a political revolution are unlikely to develop great art.(B) The most successful art collectors are usually artists themselves.(C) The value of colonial American paintings decreased after the Revolution.(D) Colonial artists made an important contribution to the evolving culture of the new nation.CBDBA DACBD语法补充倒装句的主谓一致，后决定前①there be 句型There + be + n.表係主由主決定係eg:(There are) no (known) society (in which) (left-handed) people predominate.答案: A there arethere is②between , among 等介词位于句首引起的倒装Between/ Among ...+ be + n.表係主由主決定係eg:65.Between the foothills of (the) Andes and (the) Pacific Ocean (are)a dry coastal strip带averaging about 30 miles (in width).答案: C areis66. (Among) the (favorite) attractions (at the) National Air and Space Museum in Washington D.C. are the (film) presented on the five-story-tall screen.答案: D filmfilms。
2020高考英语4月调研测试英语试卷含答案
2020高考虽然延期，但是每天的练习一定要坚持，加油！I. Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. At 10:00. B. At 10:10. C. At 10:20. D. At 10:30.2. A. On a boat trip. B. In a cinema. C. At thebeach.D. At therestaurant.3. A. Plan her budget carefully. B. Buy a gift for her mother.C. Give him more information.D. Ask someone else for suggestions.4. A. Doctor and patient. B. Customer and salesgirl.C. Man and wife.D. Customer and waitress.5. A. Stressed. B. Dissatisfied C. Bored D. Exhausted6.A. Fine her for breaking the traffic regulation. B. Teach her how to drive in the one-way street.C. Show her the way to the police station.D. Let her go without any punishment.7. A. The kids went to see amovie.B. The kids were happy.C. The children changed the plan.D. The woman broke her promise.8. A. She didn’t feel well. B. She went dancing early.C. She came down to godancing.D. She got mad at the woman.9. A. Loud. B. boring. C. Funny. D. Exciting.10. A. He is not surprised at the woman’s playing at a concert tomorrow.B. He won’t give the woman a surprise at the concerttomorrow.C. He understands the woman’s nervous feeling and thinks it normal.D. He will also play at the concert tomorrow with the woman.Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation, and you will be asked questions on each of them. The passages and conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. There are too many people and cars around you.B. The taxi driver talks to you all the time.C. Singers or sports announcers tell you what you should be careful about in person.D. The voice of a famous person gives you warningmessages.12. A. More than 12,000. B. Over 15,000.C. About 11,000.D. Less than 10,000.13. A. The passengers won’t fasten the seat belt.B. The passengers will complain.C. The driver will be punished financially.D. The driver will be awarded $100.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following news.14. A. Pink. B. Green. C. Purple.D. White.15. A. Recycling is compulsory.B. Most recycling programs don’t succeed in that people don’t want to deliver rubbish.C. The primary work of the volunteers is to collect and sort rubbish to the same center.D. The volunteers will devote six hours a week to dealing with rubbish.16. A. To explain why recycling is important.B. To describe the recycling program.C. To discuss whether or not recycling should be compulsory.D. To tell people how to tell different sorts of rubbish cans apart.Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.17. A. A pilot. B. A nurse. C. Anairhostess. D. A language teacher.18. A. She is fluent in English. B. She likes dealing withpeople.C. Flying in the sky is herdream.D. She is keen on travelling.19. A. Friendly but timid. B. Beautiful and easy-going.C. Open-minded and flexible.D. Imaginative and warm-hearted.20. A. The woman is nearsighted.B. The result of the interview was announced right after itwas finished.C. The woman sometimes hesitates to express her dislike for others’ behaviours.D. One’s height is not required for the job.II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Loving Life in MoosoneeBorn in Moose Factory Island, located about 12 miles inland from the James Bay coastline in northern Ontario, I spent my early childhood years in nearby Moose River Crossing. Our family returned to Moose Factory later, so my siblings（兄弟姐妹）and I could continue our education, （21）______ the local school had been closed down.Moose River Crossing is situated along the only railroad track in Canada that reaches all the way up to the northerncommunity of Moosonee, Ont., which later（22）______ (become) — and still is — my true hometown.（23）______ my siblings and I were growing up, I always sensed something was missing in my life, (24)_________ fundamental to my very identity, to who I was and where I came from. Over the years, I began to learn more（25）______ my Native culture, the history and our way of life. Then, in 2009, I met a man who later became my husband.（26）______(be) an ambassador of the land and a hunter, my husband taught me how to hunt, fish, set nets, snare rabbits, make a fire in the rain, read the weather and drive a boat. Even after having lived in Moosonee for 26 years, I had never experienced and learned so much on the land and the mighty Moose River,（27）______ the sunsets are breathtakingly beautiful, as I did in the relatively short ti me I’ve known my husband.I am so thankful and proud（28）_____(give) the opportunity to lead this kind of lifestyle, which someday will be passed on to my grandchildren.Today, I continue to trace my roots and try to live my life according to them. I have also been back to Moose River Crossing after being away for many years. My older sister andonly brother, both hunters, along with a few nephews and nieces, continue to carry on the traditions of our ancestors in Moose River Crossing.Every year, our family gathers for a spring hunt, mainly geese and ducks. In summertime, we go fishing and, in the fall, we head out hunting. In addition to (29)_______(add) to our foods for the year, these excursions are (30)________ our family stories and recollections are shared the most. And there are plenty of stories to go around, all of which are close to my heart and a big part of who I am today.Section BDirection: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Making a Mistake Can Put Your B rain on ‘P ause’。
郑州托福4月23日考试回忆
郑州托福 4月 23日考试回忆1听力部分Conversation1一女的转学来学环境,但是她选了 DORM 没有选公寓,他想问男的能不能改成公寓,男的说不行谁叫你不看网页, 女的说她看了但是只看了地图, 男的又说你要先看啊, 公寓要啥有啥,有厨房客厅,上课还近,但是钱多。
女的说没有早点选公寓的原因是他那时候还在另一所学校。
男的又说不不不, 去年大家都抽选过了不能改了, 女的说我去那时候我还没转学啊, 况且有人说我找你就行的。
男的说什么鬼啊谁说的, 女的说不记得了, 男的一脸生无可恋的脸… ..Lecture1 关于地球的 layer 结构, MANTLE,CRUST,CORE 并没有想象的简单。
科学家发射一种 WAVE 探测但是只能达到 CRUST , MANTLE 和 CORE 有着高压力, 地质学家无法探测里面的机构, 所以历史上地理学家常借助物理学家来帮助研究底层结构, 历史上物理学家在实验室里创造类似底层内部的高压环境,用一种工具叫 DAC ,因为这种工具受力面积小, 只要很小的力量就能产生很高的压力。
科学家在使用工具室还加热他来达到特定的温度, 然后发现地幔和地核交界处的温度很高。
Lecture2说的 16世纪的画, 先提了 IMPRESSIONISM 用的颜色注重色彩的运用,喜欢丰富, 多彩的颜色。
然后说主要讲的一种艺术, VENSION 作品则更注重色彩的质量而不是种类。
有一种 BLUE GLASS 就被用来做颜料了。
后面教授展示了一副很 REALISTIC 的画,一个小男孩在门边,教授说这个小孩的位置可讲究,因为创造了 3D 效果。
学生问,天空不是蓝的是灰的,教授说因为这个 GLASS 时间久了就褪色了。
Conversation2老师找学生说让学生去当助教教高中生,关于莎士比亚,说是中学生不喜欢学, 希望这种大学生去增加趣味性然后说了要做什么事情, 主要是一对一教学, 但是有时有大课, 有时有演出。
2020年托福听力考前训练试题及答案2完整篇.doc
2017年托福听力考前训练试题及答案2By 1776 the fine art of painting as it had developed in western Europe up to this time had been introduced into the American colonies through books and prints, European visitors and immigrants, and traveling colonists who brought back copies (and a few original) of old master paintings and acquaintance with European art institutions.By the outbreak of the Revolution against British rule in 1776, the status of the artists had already undergone change. In the mid-eighteenth century, painters had been willing to assume such artisan-related tasks as varnishing, gilding teaching, keeping shops, and painting wheel carriages, houses, and signs. The terminology by which artists were described at the time suggests their status: "limner" was usually applied to the anonymous portrait painter up to the 1760's; "painter" characterized anyone who could paint a flat surface. By the second half of the century, colonial artists who were trained in England or educated in the classics rejected the status of laborer and thought of themselves as artists. Some colonial urban portraitists, such as John Singleton Copley, Benjamin West, and Charles Wilson Peale, consorted with affluent patrons. Although subject to fluctuations in their economic status, all three enjoyed sufficient patronage to allow them to maintain an image of themselves as professional artists, an image indicated by their custom of signing their paintings. A few art collectors James Bowdoin III of Boston, William Byrd of Virginian, and the Aliensand Hamiltons of Philadelphia introduced European art traditions to those colonists privileged to visit their galleries, especially aspiring artists, and established in their respective communities the idea of the value of art and the need for institutions devoted to its encouragement.Although the colonists tended to favor portraits, they also accepted landscapes, historical works, and political engravings as appropriate artistic subjects. With the coming of independence from the British Crown, a sufficient number of artists and their works were available to serve nationalistic purposes. The achievements of the colonial artists, particularly those of Copley, West, and Peale, lent credence to the boast that the new nation was capable of encouraging genius and that political liberty was congenial to the development of taste —a necessary step before art could assume an important role in the new republic.1. What does the passage mainly discuss?(A) European influence on colonial American painting(B) The importance of patronage to artist(C) The changing status of artists in the American colonies in the eighteenth century(D) Subjects preferred by artists in the American colonies in the eighteenth century.2. The word "outbreak" in line 5 is closest in meaning to(A) cause(B) beginning(C) position(D) explanation3. The word "undergone undergo 经历" in line 6 is closest in meaning to(A) led to(B) transformed(C) preferred(D) experienced4. According to the passage , before the American Revolution the main task of limners was to(A) paint wheel carriages(B) paint portraits(C) varnish furniture(D) paint flat surfaces5. It can be inferred from the passage that artists who were trained in England(A) considered artists to be superior to painters(B) barely painted portraitists(C) were often very wealthy(D) imitated English painters6. The word "consorted 结交" in line 14 is closest in meaning to(A) made decisions(B) studies(C) agreed(D) associated7. The word "sufficient充足的，充分的" in line 16 is closest in meaning to(A) adequate(B) temporary(C) friendly(D) expensive8. According to the passage , artists such as Copley, West and Peal signed their paintings(A) increased the monetary value of the paintings(B) made it more difficult for other artists to copy the paintings(C) supported the artists' image of professionalism(D) distinguished colonial American artists from European artists9. The author mentions James Bowdoin III and William Byrd in line 17 as examples of which of the following?(A) Art gallery owners who displayed only European art(B) Art collectors who had a profound influence on American attitudes toward art(C) Artists who gave financial support to other artists(D) Patrons whose helped to encourage artisans to become artists10. With which of the following would the author be most likely to agree?(A) Countries that have not had a political revolution are unlikely to develop great art.(B) The most successful art collectors are usually artists themselves.(C) The value of colonial American paintings decreased after the Revolution.(D) Colonial artists made an important contribution to the evolving culture of the new nation.CBDBA DACBD语法补充倒装句的主谓一致，后决定前①there be 句型There + be + n.表係主由主決定係eg:(There are) no (known) society (in which) (left-handed) people predominate.答案: A there arethere is②between , among 等介词位于句首引起的倒装Between/ Among ...+ be + n.表係主由主決定係eg:65.Between the foothills of (the) Andes and (the) Pacific Ocean (are) a dry coastal strip带averaging about 30 miles (in width).答案: C areis66. (Among) the (favorite) attractions (at the) National Air and Space Museum in Washington D.C. are the (film) presented on the five-story-tall screen.答案: D filmfilms2017年托福听力考前训练试题及答案3Researchers in the field of psychology have found that one of the best ways to make an important decision, such as choosing a university to attend or a business to invest in, involves the utilization of a decision worksheet. Psychologists who study optimization compare the actual decisions made by people to theoretical ideal decisions to see how similar they are. Proponents of the worksheet procedure believe that it will yield optimal, that is, the best decisions. Although there are several variations on the exact format that worksheets can take, they are all similar in their essential aspects. Worksheets require defining the problem in a clear and concise wayand then listing all possible solutions to the problem. Next, the pertinent considerations that will be affected by each decision are listed, and the relative importance of each consideration or consequence is determined. Each consideration is assigned a numerical value to reflect its relative importance. A decision is mathematically calculated by adding these values together. The alternative with the highest number of points emerges as the best decision.Since most important problems are multifaceted, there are several alternatives to choose from, each with unique advantages and disadvantages. One of the benefits of a pencil and paper decision-making procedure is that it permits people to deal with more variables than their minds can generally comprehend and remember. On the average, people can keep about seven ideas in their minds at once. A worksheet can be especially useful when the decision involves a large number of variables with complex relationships. A realistic example for many college students is the question "What will I do after graduation?" A graduate might seek a position that offers specialized training, pursue an advanced degree, or travel abroad for a year.A decision-making worksheet begins with a succinct statement of the problem that will also help to narrow it. It is important to be clear about the distinction between long-range and immediate goals because long-range goals often involve a different decision than short-range ones. Focusing on long-range goals, a graduating studentmight revise the question above to "What will I do after graduation that will lead to successful career?"1. What does the passage mainly discuss?(A) A tool to assist in making complex decisions.(B) A comparison of actual decisions and ideal decisions(C) Research on how people make decisions(D) Differences between long-range and short-range decision making2. The word "essential" in line 7 is closest in meaning to(A) introductory(B) changeable(C) beneficial(D) fundamental3. The word "pertinent有关的，相关的" in line 9 is closest in meaning to(A) relevant(B) preceding 在先的，前面的，在前的(C) insightful 富有洞察力的(D) responsive4. Of the following steps, which occurs before the others in making a decision worksheet?(A) Listing the consequences of each solution(B) Calculating a numerical summary of each solution(C) Deciding which consequences are most important(D) Writing down all possible solutions5. According to decision-worksheet theory, an optimal decision is defined as one that(A) has the fewest variables to consider(B) uses the most decision worksheets(C) has the most points assigned to it(D) is agreed to by the greatest number of people6. The author develops the discussion in paragraph 1 by means of(A) describing a process(B) classifying types of worksheets(C) providing historical background(D) explaining a theory7. The author states that "On the average, people can keep about seven ideas in their minds at once (lines 17-18) to explain that(A) most decisions involve seven steps(B) human mental capacity has limitations(C) some people have difficulty making minor as well as major decisions(D) people can learn to keep more than seven ideas in their minds with practice8. The word "succinct简洁的"in line 24 is closest in meaning to(A) creative(B) satisfactory(C) personal(D) concise9. Which of the following terms is defined in the passage ?(A) Proponents (line 5)(B) Optimal (line 5)(C) Variables (line 17)(D) Long-range goals (line 25)10. The word "it" in line 24 refers to(A) worksheet(B) problem(C) distinction(D) decision11. The word "revise修订，修改，修正" in line 26 is closest in meaning to(A) ask(B) explain(C) change(D) predictADADC ABDBB C语法补充百分比结构most/ half/ rest/ majority/ some/ one percent/ one-third/ three-quarters + of + Noun. + V (V單複數由Noun.定)n1+of+n2+v 谓语由n1决定eg:Approximately fifty percent of the (package) (utilized) in the United States are for (foods) and (beverages)答案: A packagepackages2017年托福听力考前训练试题及答案4Matching the influx of foreign immigrants into the larger cities of the United States during the late nineteenth century was a domestic migration, from town and farm to city, within the United States. The country had been overwhelmingly rural at the beginning of the century, with less than 5 percent of Americans living in large towns or cities. The proportion of urban population began to grow remarkably after 1840, increasing from 11 percent that year to 28 percent by 1880 and to 46 percent by 1900. A country with only 6 cities boasting a population of more than 8,000 in 1800 had become one with 545 such cities in 1900. Of these, 26 had a population of more than 100,000 including 3 that held more than a million people. Much of the migration producing an urban society came from smaller towns within the United States, but the combination of newimmigrants and old American "settlers" on America's "urban frontier" in the late nineteenth century proved extraordinary.The growth of cities and the process of industrialization fed on each other. The agricultural revolution stimulated many in the countryside to seek a new life in the city and made it possible for fewer farmers to feed the large concentrations of people needed to provide a workforce for growing numbers of factories. Cities also provided ready and convenient markets for the products of industry, and huge contracts in transportation and construction —as well as the expanded market in consumer goods —allowed continued growth of the urban sector of the overall economy of the Untied States.Technological developments further stimulated the process of urbanization. One example is the Bessemer converter (an industrial process for manufacturing steel), which provided steel girders for the construction of skyscrapers. The refining of crude oil into kerosene, and later the development of electric lighting as well as of the telephone, brought additional comforts to urban areas that were unavailable to rural Americans and helped attract many of them from the farms into the cities. In every era the lure of the city included a major psychological element for country people: the bustle and social interaction of urban life seemed particularly intriguing to those raised in rural isolation.1. What aspects of the United States in the nineteenth century does the passage mainly discuss?(A) Technological developments(B) The impact of foreign immigrants on cities(C) Standards of living(D) The relationship between industrialization and urbanization2. The word "influx注入，涌入" in line 1 is closest in meaning to(A) working(B) processing 调整，加工，处理，冲洗，理赔，工艺设计…(C) arrival(D) attraction3. The paragraph preceding the passage most probably discuss(A) foreign immigration(B) rural life(C) the agricultural revolution(D) famous cities of the twentieth century4. What proportion of population of the United States was urban in 1900?(A) Five percent(B) Eleven percent(C) Twenty-eight percent(D) Forty-six percent5. The word "extraordinary不平常的，特别的" in line 12 is closet in meaning to(A) expensive(B) exceptional(C) supreme(D) necessary6. The phrase "each other" in line 13 refers to(A) foreign immigrants and domestic migrants(B) farms and small towns(C) growth of cities and industrialization(D) industry and transportation7. The word "stimulated" in line 14 is closest in meaning to(A) forced(B) prepared(C) limited(D) motivated8. Why does the author mention "electric lighting" and "the telephone" in line 23?(A) They contributed to the agricultural revolution(B) They are examples of the conveniences of city life(C) They were developed by the same individual.(D) They were products of the Bessemer converter.9. The word "them" in line 25 refers to(A) urban areas(B) rural Americans(C) farms(D) cities10. The word "era" in line 25 is closest in meaning to(A) period of time(B) location(C) action(D) unique situation11. The word "intriguing有吸引的" in line 27 is closest in meaning to(A) profitable(B) attractive(C) comfortable(D) challengingDCADB CDBBA B。
2020年4月23日托福口语答案解析
2020年4月23日托福口语答案解析Task 1： What do you think is the most important thing that parents should teach their children? Please include detailsin your response.Sample Answer：From my own perspective, I consider the sense of self-respect as the most important thing for parents to deliver to their children. There are several reasons.Firstly, we people need to learn to love ourselves and respect ourselves before showing respect and sympathy to other. It is a natural sequence for us to follow. Only inthis way, can we enjoy our lives thoroughly with wisdom and richness.The second point that praises self-respect is that the world around us is quiet chaotic to tell good from bad and we have to find answers in every stage of life so as to keep going on. It is then we start to realize that respect for ourselves is what makes us us.Task 2： Some people prefer to spend lots of money on vacation. some people would spend little money on vacation. Which do you prefer and why?Sample Answer：I would spend a lot of money on traveling to place of interests for entertainment and study.Firstly, entertainment, the multicolored world is a place worth digging for treasures. What we ha ven’t seen and whatwe haven’t taste or witness are all to discover. Imagine that when you are standing among the ancient or modern spectacular sights fully immersed into the cloud, it is what the real enjoyment stands for.Besides, during the journey of the trip, the culture background and other travelers’ experiences are worth learning. Basically, we travel while grow along the way.。
托福听力TPO23原文Lecture 4
托福听力TPO23原文Lecture 4下面就让小编来为大家介绍一下托福听力TPO23原文中Lecture 4的文本内容吧，大家要好好把握，这些都是非常有价值的材料，同时，大家也可以论坛进行TPO练习辅导，希望能够给准备托福听力的同学带来帮助。
TPO23 Lecture4 Choreography (Screen Dance)Professor：Now, when you think about choreography, well, uh, for your last assignment, you choreographed the dance that was performed on stage in front of live audience. Now, screen dance is very different. It is a dance routine you will be choreographing specifically to be viewed on a screen, on a computer screen, a TV screen, in a movie theater, any screen. So the question we have to ask is, what's the difference between choreography for a live performance and choreography for on-screen viewing? OK. Think for a minute. When you see a movie, is it just a film of people acting on a stage? Of course not. Movies use a variety of camera angles and creative editing. Movies can distort time, slow movement down, or speed it up, show actors fading in and out of scenes, etc. All of these ? all of these film-making techniques, things that can't be used in a live performance, are possible in a screen dance. Now, we'll cover these concepts in greater detail later, but you should be getting the idea that I don't want you to just film dancers on stage and turn it in as your screen dance project. Uh, Yes? Debbie.Student：But isn't something lost here, Professor Watson? I am a dancer, and when I perform on stage, I am so energized by the audience's reactions, the applause. I actually, and for a lot of dancers, it ? it really inspires us.Professor：You're right. Screen dance, which is a relatively new, isn't for everyone. Uh, some dancers may seem reluctant to participate in your project, because they do thrive on the immediacy of performing live. If this happens, you could point out that screen dance offers other ways for dancers to connect to their audience. For example, dancers can express themselves, even change the whole mood of the scene through a facial expression. And you could film close-up shots of their faces. Facial expressions aren't as important in live performances generally, because the choreographer knows that someone in the back row of a theater may not be able to see a dancer's face clearly.Student：But ? um, I have never used a movie camera or edited film before. How will we learn everything we need to know to ? ?Professor：Oh, don't worry. The cameras you will be using are pretty simple to operate. And you'll get to play with the film-editing software several times before beginning your project. You'll also have the option of working with a student in the film department, someone who's familiar with the technology. But the choreography and the end result will be your responsibility of course.Student：Could you talk some more about the film - making techniques, you know, the ones that work best forscreen dances?Professor：I'll show some of my favorite screen dances next week to give you a better idea. But, uh, OK. Here's one technique that can create the illusion of flow in a screen dance. You film the same dancer, entering and exiting the frame several times. Moving slowly at first, then faster and faster. Then in the editing room, you can digitally manipulate these images, like you might put five or ten or twenty copies of that same dancer meeting himself in the middle of the screen, to make it look like he is dancing with himself. Obviously, this can't be done in a live performance. Another example, in one screen dance I saw, the dancers leap through sheets of fire in a big abandoned building. Of course, the building wasn't really on fire. A technique called super-imposing was used. The dancers were filmed and layered in the editing room. The fire was added to the background.Student：That sounds awesome. But if anyone can watch a dance on a computer screen. Why would they pay to go see a live performance? What if screen dance got so popular that it replaced live dance?Professor：Screen dance is an entirely different type of presentation. It could never replicate the immediacy, the kind of drama that live performance offers. There will be an audience for that. I think what screen dance will do, though, is heighten awareness of dance in general. Because it is a way ? u h, it can reach people in their homes, in their workplaces, at anytime really. And if someone discovers that they love dance by watching a screen dance, there's a good chance they will get interested enough to buy a ticket to see a live performance.以上就是托福听力TPO23原文中Lecture 4的文本内容，希望大家能够用心体会，更多TPO 文本内容小编稍后为您呈现。
2020年4月23日托福写作题目预测(20题)
2020年4月23日托福写作题目预测(20题)【一类重点】(建议打造个性范文)1. In order to be successful, businesses must put more money in advertising. 为了取得成功，商家一定要把更多的钱投在广告上吗?2. The advertising is the main cause of unhealthy eating habits? 广告是人们不健康饮食的根源，是否认同?【点击查看本题语料库：广告是人们不健康饮食的根源?】3. The advice from our grandparents has no use for their grandchildren because the world changed a lot during the past 50 years. 来自祖父母的建议对于孩子们没有协助，因为世界和50年前不同了?【点击查看本题语料库：年长者的建议是否更加价值】4. Some people think that it is better to finish aproject completely and then do another project than do two or more projects at the same time，do you agree or disagree? 有人认为优先完成一项任务要比同时完成两项或者多项任务要好，是否认同?【点击查看本题语料库：优先工作还是平行工作】5. The most important investment for a big company is to improve the efficiency and proficiency of its employees. 提升员工技能是公司最重要的投资，是否认同? 【点击查看本题语料库：提升员工效能是否是企业发展的方式】6. Although science and technology will continue to improve, the most significant improvement in the quality of people's lives has already occurred. 即使科技会继续进步，但是影响人们生活质量的最重要的成就已经出现，是否认同?7. More and more people are beginning to spend large sums of money on their pets, even though there are better ways to spend this money. 越多越多的人花费大量金钱在饲养宠物上，其实他们有更好消费方式，是否认同?8. Talented people’s leadership is born naturally and can’t be learned by people. 领导力是天生的，不能后天培养，是否认同?【点击查看本题语料库：领导力是否为天生】9. An effective leader should make others feel that they have been in part of making decision 一个高效领袖应该使队员感到他们也是决策的一部分，是否认同?10. It is often not a good thing to move to a new city ora new country because of the lost of old friends. 迁居到新的城市和国家不是一个好主意，因为人会失去老友，是否认同?【点击查看本题语料库：是否应该移居新城市和新国家】【二类重点】(建议准备个性观点句和例证)1. Parents should allow their children to make mistakes and let them learn from their own mistakes. 父母应该允许孩子们犯错误，让他们在错误中学习，是否认同?2. If people are on vacation, they should leave their mobile phones at home. 如果在度假，是否应该将手机放在家里?【点击查看本题语料库：度假时是否应该带着手机】3. The best way to reduce air pollution is that government to raise the cost of fuel(petrol)of the cars. 减少空气污染的方式就是政府提升燃料(汽油)的价格，是否认同?4. People live in countryside are happier than peoplelive in the city. 住在乡村比住在城市更快乐吗?5. To achieve successful development of country, a government sh ould spend more money on young children’s education (5-10) rather than on university. 为了国家的繁荣发展，政府应该把更多的钱花在对(5-10岁)孩子的教育上而不是大学教育上，是否认同?6. Which of the following statement do you think is the best to make new friends：1)Joining in a sport team 2)Participating in community activities or traveling 结交新朋友的方式是：1)加入体育团队2)参加社区服务或旅行7. Parents have spent too much time helping to determine the future of their children. Children should make their own decisions. 父母在决定孩子未来方面花费的时间过多，父母应该让孩子自己决定未来，是否认同?8. Working at home using computers or telephones isbetter than working in the office. 在家里使用电脑或电话办公比在办公室办公要好吗?9. Which following statement would you change to improve your health：1) the kind of food you eat 2) the amount of exercise 3) the amount of stress.你会选择哪种来改善健康状况：1. 饮食2. 运动3. 压力【点击查看本题语料库：保持健康的方式】10. People can solve important problems by themselves or with the help from their family members so there's no needfor the government to help them. 人们能够自己解决重要问题，也能够在家人协助下解决，所以不需要政府的协助，是否认同?。
2020上海市进才中学高三4月月考英语试题
上海市进才中学高三英语月考满分140 分时间120 分钟命题：审题：I.Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. At a railway station. B. At an airport. C. In a park. D. In Germany.2.A. By metro. B. By bicycle. C. By car. D. On foot.3.A. The woman is not a successful tourist g uide.B.The woman has visited all the countries in the world.C.；D.The man is from Africa.E.The woman hasn’t been to any African country.4.A. Godfather barely surprises v iewers.B.Godfather is worth watching repeatedly.C.Every classic should be watched for at least 6 times.D.The plot of Godfather is hard to b elieve.5. A. 50 mph. B. 100 mph. C. 15 mph. D. 30 mph.6.A. Do some outdoor e xercise. B. Buy some coffee.C. Continue with the lecture.D. Try to make the room less dry.7.A. Doctor and nurse. B. Interviewer and interviewee.…C. Teacher and student.D. Boss and s ecretary.8. A. 2 . B. 2:30 . C. 4:30 . D. 4:40 .9.A. The ring is not hers. B. She doesn’t have gold rings.C.She prefers gold to silver.D. She lost her silver ring.10.A. The screen doesn’t have to be c leaned.B.The keyboard also needs cleaning.C.The man shouldn’t do the cleaning.D.There’s not enough time to clean the computer.Section B[Directions: In Section B, you will hear several passages and longer conversations, after each passage or conversation, you will be asked several questions. The passages and the conversations will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 to 13 are based on the following passage.11.A. His university education focused on theoretical knowledge.B.His dream at university was to become a v olunteer.C.He took pride in having contributed to the world.D.He felt honored to study English literature.12.A. He participated in many discussionsB.He went through challenging survival t estsC.He wrote quite a few papers on voluntary workD.He did well in countless interviews and presentations.13. A. He experienced some difficulty adapting to the local cultureB.He learned to communicate in the local l anguage.C.He had overcome all his weaknesses before he left for home.D.He was chosen as the most respectable teacher by his studentQuestions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14. A. Waiting for the sea to c alm.B.Turning off the engines of the searching warships.C.Searching the area near the seabed where the tail of the plane was found.D.Asking passing ships to change their r outes.15. A. Its overseas business is performed w ell.B.The employers added more jobs than expected.C.The unemployment rate reached its highest point since 2008.D.The economy shows a weakening sign this y ear.16. A. Beijing. B. Havana. C. Montreal. D. Indonesia.Questions 17 and 18 are based on the following c onversation.17. A. David Jackson. B. The woman. C. Peter Jones. D. David Jones.18. A. At 6:30, next Wednesday. B. At 6:30, t omorrow.C. At 6:00, this Wednesday.D. At 6:00, tomorrow.Questions 19 and 20 are based on the following c onversation.19. A. The differences between the big shopping centers and small shops.B.People’s shopping habits.C.The quality of the goods in the shopping centers.D.People’s shopping experiences online.20. A. The quality of the goods. B. The surroundings of the shops.C. The attitude of the shop a ssistant.D. The prices of the goods.II.Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each b lank.Science fiction often presents us with planets that speak a single language. However, 21 humans can express themselves in several thousand languages is a delight. Few would welcome the loss of this variety, and, along with it, a multiplicity of nations and cultures.Unfortunately, the days _22 English shares the planet with thousands of other languages are numbered. A traveler to the future is likely to notice two things about thelanguage landscape of Earth. One, there will be vastly fewer languages. Two, languages will be _23 (complicated) than they are today.By 2115, it’s possible that only about 600 languages will be left on the planet as opposed to today’s 6,000. Too often, colonization has led to the disappearance of languages: Native speakers are punished _24 using their own languages. Urbanization has only furthered the destruction by bringing people away from their homelands to cities where a single language dominates.In addition, it is easy for speakers to associate larger languages with opportunities and smaller ones with backwardness. Consequently, people stop passing on smaller languages to their children.There are diligent efforts _25 (keep) endangered languages from dying. Sadly, few are likely to lead to communities’ _26 (raise) children in the languages, which is the only way the languages exist as their full selves.Instead, many communities create new versions of the languages, with smaller vocabularies and simpler grammar. The Irish Gaelic ( 盖尔语 ) proudly spoken by today’s English-Gaelic bilinguals is an example, something that one might call a “New Gaelic.”Linguists have no single term yet for these new speech varieties, _27 from Germany’s“Kiezdeutsch”to Singapore’s“Singlish,”the world is witnessing the birth of more optimized versions of old languages. This simplification should not be taken as a sign of decline. All of the “optimized” languages remain full languages in every sense of the term.We _28 regret the eclipse of a world where 6,000 different languages _29 (speak), but fortunately, it seems a decent amount of linguistic diversity will be preserved. Besides, _30 languages become easier to pick up, the future may promise even more mutual c omprehension.Section BDirections: Complete the following passage with the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. There is one extra word which you don’t need.NEW DELHI - The first case of the 2019-20 coronavirus pandemic in India was reported on 30 January 2020. So far, India has suspended "all existing visas, except diplomatic, official, UN/international organizations, employment, project visas" until April 15. India's federal health ministry said this Wednesday morning that the death toll due to COVID-19 in India rose to 149 and the total number of _31 cases in the country reached 5,194."As of 8:00 am (local time) today 149 deaths related to novel coronavirus have been recorded in the country," reads the information _32 by the ministry. On Tuesday evening the number of COVID-19 cases in the country was 4789 and the death toll was 124.According to ministry officials, so far 402 people have been _33 from hospitals after showing improvement. "The number of active cases in the country right now is 4,643," reads the information.Wednesday _34 the 15th straight day of ongoing 21-day lockdown across thecountry announced by the government to _35 the spread of the pandemic. Authorities have imposed strict curfew-like _36 to prevent the movement of people across the country. All road, rail and air services have been suspended in the _37 of the lockdown, except _38 services which are exempted. The three-week lockdown is expected to end on April 14.India's federal home minister Amit Shah has asked authorities to take quick and stern action against individuals involved in hoarding and black marketing. Meanwhile, Indian Council of Medical Research said it has no _39 to state governments setting up convenient sample collection sites. However, the top health research body said its guidelines should be followed and the sample collection should be done using recommended personal _40 equipment.III.Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage, there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.A new phone app uses vibrations from smart phones to warn people about earthquakes.The phone app _41 sudden shaking of the earth’s surface through sensors in smart phones. It is called MyShake. It is the work of four researchers at the University of California, Berkeley. They said they created a worldwide warning system that would _42 people and give them time to prepare. The MyShake app is _43 only for Android phones.Smart phones are _44 accelerometers (加速度感应器). These instruments measure movement, like that of a car or airplane. MyShake uses phone accelerometers to measure seismic (地震的) activity. It has been _45 to know the difference between normal activity and earthquake movement. The software developers say their app is right 93 percent of the time.A smart phone sends seismic information to the app developers. If the developers receive several notifications _46 , it recognizes that an earthquake might be taking place or will take place soon.Using information sent from the app, the network then _47 the location and strength of the quake in real time. MyShake can record magnitude earthquakes at distances of 10 kilometers or less.MyShake uses very _48 power, according to its developers. Only when seismic activity is _49 by the app does it become active and sends data to the network. The app works best when your phone is resting on a _50 surface, like a table.The developers hope that MyShake can add to information collected by the . Geological Survey. That . agency has created the Earthquake Early Warning System, also_51 EEW. The EEW has deployed (部署) sensors for measuring quakes in many areas. In places where no such equipment _52 , MyShake may be the only method of early quake _53 . The app also shows ways to stay safer during an earthquake. The developers say it will become more effective as more people use it.“Our goal is to build a worldwide seismic network and use the data to _54 the effects of earthquakes on us as individuals and on society as a whole,” say the researchers.The developers say they hope to add a feature that would _55 people about a possible tsunami: a huge wave after an earthquake.41. A. reports B. recognizes C. reveals D. reviews42. A. infer B. include C. influence D. inform43. A. acquired B. available C. affordable D. approachable44. A. equipped with B. made up of C. filled with D. in need of45. A. programmed B. protected C. prohibited D. promised46. A. from different p laces B. from one areaC. from the same phoneD. from another developer47. A. controls B. connects C. estimates D. receives48. A. much B. little C. excessive D. green49. A. activated B. sensed C. resisted D. issued50. A. low B. wooden C. high D. flat51. A. honored with B. called for C. known as D. defined as52. A. exists B. forms C. counts D. exploits53. A. protection B. diagnosis C. detection D. resistance54. A. raise B. receive C. record D. reduce55. A. confirm B. appoint C. alert D. acknowledgeSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)Learning how to cope with death has always been a central part of human existence. Even the Pixar movie Coco bases its story on the Mexican traditions of Dia de los Muertos. In this article, you will find out why and how Mexicans celebrate the Day of the Dead.I once visited the Museum of Mummies in the Mexican city of Guanajuato with a Swedish friend. The mummies were displayed among fake cobwebs ( 蜘蛛网), and other cheap adornments (装饰物). Confronted with this seeming lack of respect for the dead, I explained to my shocked companion that Mexicans have a peculiarly different relationship with death to other cultures. As the Nobel Prize-winning Mexican writer Octavio Paz explained in his work: “The Mexican ... is familiar with de ath, jokes about it, caresses it, sleeps with it, and celebrates it. True, there is as much fear in his attitude as in that of others, but at least death is not hidden away: he looks at it face to face, with impatience, disdain (鄙视) or irony.”The celebration of the Day of the Dead —a week of festivities from 28 October to 2 November —is an essential part of this embracement of death that is particular to Mexican national identity. The popular belief is that the dead have divine permission to visit friends and relatives on earth and enjoy once again the pleasures of life. Therefore, Mexicans visit the graves of families and friends and adorn them with colorful flowers and offerings of food. The period is a joyous celebration of life, rather than a sober mourning of its passing.The origins of the festival lie in the 16th-century fusion of the Aztecs’belief in death as merely one part in the wider cycle of existence, their ritual venerations (仪式崇拜) and offerings to the goddess Mictecacihuatl (“Lady of the Dead”) for the deceased, and the Spanish conquerors’ desire to accommodate these festivities within the Catholic celebrations of All Saints’Day and All Souls’ Day.In a country as socially and geographically diverse as Mexico, there is significant regional variation in the nature of festivities: the southern state of Chiapas is far more likely to focus its efforts on processions ( 队伍) and public commemorations( 纪念) of death than the valley of Mexico, where the decoration of altars ( 供坛)in homes and tombs of the deceased is more popular. Urbanization, too, plays a large role in regional variations. For the south and rural areas the period holds far greater social and cultural significance than in the north and large cities; families and communities in rural areas will often spend large parts of the year preparing for the occasion.56.Why does the author say “Mexicans have a peculiarly different relationship with death to other cultures”A.Because Mexicans always show their respect for death in the form of mummies.B.Because Mexicans do not fear death or respect it.C.Because adornments like flowers can be seen everywhere during the Day of the Dead.D.Mexicans face death bravely rather than hide it away.57.Which statement is NOT true according to the origins of the Day of the DeadA.It was the Aztecs who determined how to celebrate the Day of the Dead.B.The Aztecs believed death was part of the wider cycle of existence.C.The Aztecs would give offerings to the goddess of death for their lost loved ones.D.The Spanish conquerors wanted to fit the festivities into some of their Catholic celebrations.58.Why do Mexicans visit the graves of families and friends and offer colorful flowers and foodA.Because they can ask God to permit the dead to visit them in this way.B.To celebrate the joy of new life in spring.C.Because the dead will be permitted to visit their families and enjoy the pleasure of life again.D.Because this is an essential part of embracement of death.59.Which of the following explains the role that urbanization plays in the regional variations of celebrating the Day of the DeadA.People in the south and rural areas put more emphasis on the occasion.B.People in the valleys usually decorate the alters in homes and the tombs of the dead.C.People in the north and big cities spend large part of the year preparing for the celebration.D.The southern states do not care about the decoration of alters at home.(B)This booklet, prepared by the National Institute of MentalHealth (NIMH), provides an overview on depression. It will helpyou learn the things that everyone should know aboutdepression.1.This booklet is intended for informational purposes onlyand should not be considered a guide for making medicaldecisions. For more information on depression, please visitthe NIMH website at is a real illness.Sadness is something we all experience. It is a normal reaction to difficult times in life and usually passes with a little time. When a person has depression, however, it interferes with daily life and normal functioning. Doctors call this condition “depressive disorder.” It is a real illness. Many factors may play a role in depression.Causes of Depression(1)Genetics, brain biology and chemistry(2)Life events such as trauma, loss of a loved one(3)A difficult relationship(4)Early childhood experience(5)Chronic illness, drug and alcohol abuse(6)Any stressful situation2.Depression affects people in different ways.Not everyone who is depressed experiences every symptom. Some people experience only a few symptoms; others have many. The seriousness and frequency of symptoms, and how long they last, vary depending on the individual and the stage of the illness.Symptoms of Depression(1)Feelings of guilt, sadness, worthlessness, helplessness or hopelessness(2)Loss of interest or pleasure in hobbies and activities(3)Difficulty concentrating, remembering, making decisions(4)Persistent aches or p ains(5)Insomnia(6)Appetite and/ or weight changes(7)Consistent fatigue and decreased energy(8)Thoughts of death or suicide, suicide a ttempts3.Depression is treatable.Depression, even the most serious cases, can be treated. The earlier treatment begins, the more effective it will be.Dealing With DepressionReach out and stay connected: Make real-life communication a priority! Spend time with other people and confide in a trusted friend or relative. Let them help you.Try to be active and exercise: Aim for at least 30 minutes of exercise every day. This does not have to be all at once. A ten-minute walk can improve your mood for two hours.Eat a healthy and mood-boosting diet: Reduce foods that contain caffeine, alcohol, trans fats, and foods with high levels of chemical preservatives as well as sugars.Get a daily dose of sunlight: Sunlight can help improve your mood. Whenever possible, get outside during daylight hours and expose yourself to the sun.Challenge negative thinking: Nothing is as bad as it seems at first. Try to move your focus away from concentrating on what is bad in your life.Find professional help: If none of the above tips help, do not wait for the symptoms todisappear. Seek professional help.4.You are not alone.In addition to your treatment, you could also join a support group. At the meetings, people share experiences, feelings, information, and coping strategies for living with depression. Depression Around the WorldNearly seven percent of American teens and adults are currently living with depression. About 300 million people around the world are suffering from depression.60.According to the article, depression is NOT something that .① makes a person feel a little bit sad② always has a clear cause③ a person can get rid of④ happens to a small group of peopleA. ①②③B. ①②④C. ①③④D. ②③④61.According to the article, who might be suffering from depressionA.A teenager who frequently complained of stomachaches before going to school andpreferred to stay in her room alone.B.A firefighter who had a sleepless night after a tough task.C.A mother who felt really exhausted after helping her child with her homework.D.An old man who had no appetite for his favorite food and decided to try a new diet.62.If you had a friend who was living with depression, you should probably suggest he .A.make an overseas trip all by h imselfB.stay at the gym and work out day and nightC.concentrate on the negative feelings and try to overcome themD.take professional advice and accept medical intervention(C)On Wednesday, two things happened. In Syria, 80 people were killed by government airstrikes. Meanwhile, in Florida, Elon Musk’s SpaceX successfully launched and fired a sports car into space. Guess which story has dominated mainstream news sitesThe launch of Musk’s Falcon Heavy rocket, the most powerful ever launched by a private company, went off successfully. Musk sent his cherry-red Tesla roadster running toward Mars, launching “a new space age”.The event attracted phenomenal publicity and made the rocket launch a masterstroke of advertising for Tesla.Meanwhile, in Syria, where hundreds of thousands of refugees may be forced to return to unsafe homes, a UN human rights coordinator for Syria said despondently(沮丧地) that he was no longer sure why he bothers to videotape the effects of bombing, since nobody ever pays attention: He wondered what level of violence it would take to make the world care.There is, perhaps, no better way to appreciate the tragedy of 21st-century global inequality than by watching a billionaire spend $90m launching a $100,000 car into space.Musk said he wanted to participate in a space race because “races are exciting” and that while strapping his c ar to a rocket may be “silly and fun … silly and fun things are important”. Thus, anyone who mentions the huge waste the project involves, or the various social uses to which these resources could be put, can be dismissed as a killjoy.But one doesn’t have to hate fun to question the justification for pursuing a costly newspace race at exactly this moment. If we examine the situation honestly, it becomes hard to defend a project like t his.A mission to Mars does indeed sound exciting, but it’s important t o have our priorities straight. First, perhaps we could make it so that a child no longer dies of malaria every two minutes. Or we could try to address the level of poverty in Alabama which has become so extreme that the UN investigator did not believe it could occur in a first-world country. Perhaps when violence, poverty and disease are solved, then we can head for the stars.Many might think that what Elon Musk chooses to do with his billions is Elon Musk’s business alone. If he wanted to spend all his money on medicine for children, that would be nice, but if he’d like to spend it making big explosions and sending his convertible on a million-mile space voyage, that’s his r ight.But Musk is only rich enough to afford these money-consuming projects because we have allowed social inequalities to arise in the first place. If wealth were actually distributed fairly in this country, nobody would be in a position to fund his own private space program.Elon Musk is right: silly and fun things are important. But some of them are an indefensible waste of resources. While there are still humanitarian crises such as that in Syria, nobody can justify vast spending on rocketry experiments.63.Why does the writer mention the two pieces of news at the beginning of the passageA.To highlight the significance of SpaceX’s successful launch of a rocket and a car into space.B.To illustrate the inequality of wealth distribution and the consequent inequality ofattention distribution.C.To appeal to the government for more attention to the air strikes and refugee crisis in Syria.D.To find out which news dominated the mainstream news s ites.64.Why did the UN human rights coordinator for Syria feel disappointedA.Because nobody appreciated his work and all the efforts he made.B.Because the violence in Syria is not serious enough to make the world care.C.Because however hard he tried, nobody seemed to care about the situation in Syria.D.Because he had great difficulty videotaping the effects of bombing.65.What is implied in paragraph in 6 and 7A.The space project of SpaceX cost the government too much money.B.Addressing problems of violence, poverty and diseases should be our top priority.C.Space programs are a waste of money that cannot be justified.D.It kills the fun to question the justification of the pursuit of space programs.66.What does the writer mainly want to tell u sA.We should pay equal attention to space projects and solving social problems.B.No private companies should be allowed to spend money in rocketry experiments.C.The successful launch of SpaceX has distracted the world from more important things.D.The money and resources used in space projects could have been used to deal with varioussocial problems.Section CDirections: Complete the following passage by using the sentences in the box. Each sentence can only be used once. Note that there are two sentences more than you need.A.He inspired our imagination and hoped we could use it to make the world a better place.B.If all these entertainment products can be traced to one person, it would be Stan Lee, who died last November at the age of 95.C.Lee also appeared in a number of Marvel movies, watering his lawn, delivering the mail, andso on.D.In order to keep multiple stories going at the same time, Lee wove them together into a seamless(无缝的) fictional world.E.Under Lee, Marvel transformed the comic book world by humanizing its characters.F.Through the honesty of guys like Spider-Man, we learn about different aspects of human nature.Think of Spider-Man, Iron Man and Ant-Man. Think of Black Panther, the Mighty Thor and the X-Men. Think of the Incredible Hulk, the Fantastic Four and all the other superheroes that have stimulated the popular imagination. 67 . From a small office in Manhattan in the 1960s, he helped create a lineup of fictional heroes that have crossed from page to screen in a series of TV and movie adaptations and changed the face of popular culture.For many, he was the face of Marvel, if not comic books in general, witnessing the company’s rise to become an international media giant. As a writer, editor, publisher and Hollywood executive, he played a critical role in what comic fans call one of the medium’s golden ages.68 . Lee gave the heroes flaws and insecurities, as well as an awareness of trends, social causes and a sense of humor, trying to “make the m real flesh-and-blood characters with personality,” he told The Washington Post in 1992. “That’s what any story should have, but comics didn’t have it until that point. They were all cardboard figures.”69 . Iron Man, for example, could join forces with the Fantastic Four, and Captain America could find himself a wedding guest alongside Doctor Strange. Lee created a fictional universe for readers to explore — one that made readers buy multiple series to get the whole story.“I used to think what I did was not very important,” Lee told the Chicago Tribune in 2014.“People are building bridges and participating in medical research, and here I was working on stories about fictional people who do crazy things and wear costumes. But I suppose I have come to realize that entertainment is not easily dismissed.”Stan Lee was as extraordinary as the characters he created, said Disney chairman and CEO Bob Iger. Indeed, Lee worked tirelessly his whole life creating great characters for the world to enjoy. 70 . His legacy will outlive us all.IV.Summary Writing (71)Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Standing desks have been praised for their positive effects on physical health, reducing sitting time and lowering certain health risks linked to a sedentary( 久坐的) lifestyle. But could standing desks have positive mental effects。
2020年4月23日托福听力机经预测
2020年4月23日托福听力机经预测1、★★★★★L1：是讲mini肖像的，当时很受女性艺术家的追捧，就是画人像当卡片。
好像重点是为了讲女性艺术家地位的变革。
讲了AP这个人，说她最早的肖像是很典型的女性的保守特征(用了她姐姐的例子来说明)，但是后来她冲破了传统，显示了女性professional的地位。
L2：讲大气中氧气含量的变化，海洋生物光合作用，氧气增加;生物死后埋在海底，碳减少，氧气也增加。
有道题是关于氮气和氧气的比较，氧气更容易和其他物质结合。
L3：说的是营销手段。
一般消费者购买东西会经过认知、调研、比较、最后购买等5个步骤step.但是后来研究表明还有一种叫冲动消费impulse purchase.然后学生说了自己买果汁的经验，在结账的时候看到冰饮料，即使自己不想买，但是触摸到了以后就想买了，这种诱导方式叫做POP 即兴购买。
然后又说了食品业里面也有这种诱导方式，比如去吃汉堡，人家会问你要不要薯条，这样人们就冲动消费了。
然后说食品公司还会调查大家的冲动消费习惯，比如在电影院吃爆米花，看完电影后会收集大家吃完的爆米花，看看还剩下多少，来决定以后在袋子里放多少爆米花。
(问题有为什么男生会buy the juice?文中为什么提到汉堡?男生对于教授的讲述持什么观点?)L4：海洋生物学。
讲越来越多的artificial reef在被建造，这是因为人工reef的好处，越rough越好，hole越多越好，增加了生物的多样性biodiversity。
这是因为有些小动物能将hole当做自己的inhabitant place，而大型海洋动物喜欢rough的环境，rough的环境能够方面他们栖息。
2、★★★★★L1： Earth science。
讲renewable 能源利用。
其中讲到wind应用，但是wind一个很大缺点是不稳定(有题目)。
所以提了3种技术如何对wind实行补充(有题目)。
一是利用水来发电，当wind不稳定的时候(有题目)。
上海市进才中学2020届高三4月月考英语试题
上海市进才中学高三英语月考20200414满分140 分时间120 分钟命题：审题：I.Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. At a railway station. B. At an airport. C. In a park. D. In Germany.2.A. By metro. B. By bicycle. C. By car. D. On foot.3.A. The woman is not a successful tourist guide.B.The woman has visited all the countries in the world.C.The man is from Africa.D.The woman hasn’t been to any African country.4.A. Godfather barely surprises viewers.B.Godfather is worth watching repeatedly.C.Every classic should be watched for at least 6 times.D.The plot of Godfather is hard to believe.5. A. 50 mph. B. 100 mph. C. 15 mph. D. 30 mph.6.A. Do some outdoor exercise. B. Buy some coffee.C. Continue with the lecture.D. Try to make the room less dry.7.A. Doctor and nurse. B. Interviewer and interviewee.C. Teacher and student.D. Boss and secretary.8. A. 2 p.m. B. 2:30 p.m. C. 4:30 p.m. D. 4:40 p.m.9.A. The ring is not hers. B. She doesn’t have gold rings.C.She prefers gold to silver.D. She lost her silver ring.10.A. The screen doesn’t have to be cleaned.B.The keyboard also needs cleaning.C.The man shouldn’t do the cleaning.D.There’s not enough time to clean the computer.Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear several passages and longer conversations, after each passage or conversation, you will be asked several questions. The passages and the conversations will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 to 13 are based on the following passage.11.A. His university education focused on theoretical knowledge.B.His dream at university was to become a volunteer.C.He took pride in having contributed to the world.D.He felt honored to study English literature.12.A. He participated in many discussionsB.He went through challenging survival testsC.He wrote quite a few papers on voluntary workD.He did well in countless interviews and presentations.13. A. He experienced some difficulty adapting to the local cultureB.He learned to communicate in the local language.C.He had overcome all his weaknesses before he left for home.D.He was chosen as the most respectable teacher by his studentQuestions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14. A. Waiting for the sea to calm.B.Turning off the engines of the searching warships.C.Searching the area near the seabed where the tail of the plane was found.D.Asking passing ships to change their routes.15. A. Its overseas business is performed w ell.B.The employers added more jobs than expected.C.The unemployment rate reached its highest point since 2008.D.The economy shows a weakening sign this year.16. A. Beijing. B. Havana. C. Montreal. D. Indonesia.Questions 17 and 18 are based on the following conversation.17. A. David Jackson. B. The woman. C. Peter Jones. D. David Jones.18. A. At 6:30, next Wednesday. B. At 6:30, tomorrow.C. At 6:00, this Wednesday.D. At 6:00, tomorrow.Questions 19 and 20 are based on the following conversation.19. A. The differences between the big shopping centers and small shops.B.People’s shopping habits.C.The quality of the goods in the shopping centers.D.People’s shopping experiences online.20. A. The quality of the goods. B. The surroundings of the shops.C. The attitude of the shop assistant.D. The prices of the goods.II.Grammar andVocabulary SectionADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Science fiction often presents us with planets that speak a single language.However,21 humans can express themselves in several thousand languages is a delight. Few would welcome the loss of this variety, and, along with it, a multiplicity of nations and cultures.Unfortunately, the days _22 English shares the planet withthousands of other languages are numbered. A traveler to the future is likely to notice two things about the language landscape of Earth. One, there will be vastly fewer languages. Two, languages will be_23 (complicated) than they are today.By 2115, it’s possible that only about 600 languages will be left on the planet as opposed to today’s 6,000. Too often, colonization has led to the disappearance of languages: Native speakers are punished _24 using their own languages. Urbanization has only furthered the destruction by bringing people away from their homelands to cities where a single language dominates.In addition, it is easy for speakers to associate larger languages with opportunities and smaller ones with backwardness. Consequently, people stop passing on smaller languages to their children.There are diligent efforts _25 (keep) endangered languages from dying.Sadly, few are likely to lead to communities’ _26 (raise) children in the languages, which is the only way the languages exist as their full selves.Instead, many communities create new versions of the languages, with smaller vocabularies and simpler grammar. The Irish Gaelic ( 盖尔语 ) proudly spoken by today’s English-Gaelic bilinguals is an example, something that one might call a “New Gaelic.”Linguists have no single term yet for these new speech varieties, _27 from Germany’s“Kiezdeutsch”to Singapore’s“Singlish,”the world is witnessing the birth of more optimized versions of old languages. This simplification should not be taken as a sign of decline. All of the “optimized” languages remain full languages in every sense of the term.We _28 regret the eclipse of a world where 6,000 differentlanguages_29 (speak), but fortunately, it seems a decent amount of linguistic diversity will be preserved. Besides, _30 languages become easier to pick up, the future may promise even more mutual c omprehension.Section BDirections: Complete the following passage with the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. There is one extra word which you don’t need.NEW DELHI - The first case of the 2019-20 coronavirus pandemic in India was reported on 30January 2020. So far, India has suspended "all existing visas, except diplomatic, official, UN/international organizations, employment, project visas" until April 15. India's federal health ministry said this Wednesday morning that the death toll due to COVID-19 in India rose to 149 and the total number of _31 cases in the country reached 5,194."As of 8:00 am (local time) today 149 deaths related to novel coronavirus have been recorded in the country," reads the information _32 by the ministry. On Tuesday evening the number of COVID-19 cases in the country was 4789 and the death toll was 124.According to ministry officials, so far 402 people have been _33 from hospitals after showing improvement. "The number of active cases in the country right now is 4,643,"reads the information.Wednesday _34 the 15th straight day of ongoing 21-day lockdown across thecountry announced by the government to _35the spread of the pandemic.Authorities have imposed strict curfew-like _36 to prevent the movement of people across the country. All road, rail and air services have been suspended in the _37 of the lockdown, except _38services which are exempted. The three-week lockdown is expected to end on April 14.India's federal home minister Amit Shah has asked authorities to take quick and stern action against individuals involved in hoarding and black marketing. Meanwhile, Indian Council of Medical Research said it has no _39 to state governments setting up convenient sample collection sites. However, the top health research body said its guidelines should be followed and the sample collection should be done using recommended personal _40 equipment.III.ReadingComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage, there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.A new phone app uses vibrations from smart phones to warn people about earthquakes.The phone app _41 sudden shaking of the earth’s surface through sensors in smart phones. It is called MyShake. It is the work of four researchers at the University of California, Berkeley. They said they created a worldwide warning system that would _42 people and give them time to prepare. The MyShake app is _43 only for Android phones.Smart phones are _44 accelerometers (加速度感应器). These instruments measure movement, like that of a car or airplane. MyShake uses phone accelerometers to measure seismic (地震的) activity. It has been _45 to know the difference between normal activity and earthquake movement. The software developers say their app is right 93 percent of the time.A smart phone sends seismic information to the app developers. If the developers receive several notifications _46 , it recognizes that an earthquake might be taking place or will take place soon.Using information sent from the app, the network then _47 the location and strength of the quake in real time. MyShake can record magnitude 5.0 earthquakes at distances of 10 kilometers or less.MyShake uses very _48 power, according to its developers. Only when seismic activity is _49 by the app does it become active and sends data to the network.The app works best when your phone is resting on a _50 surface, like a table.The developers hope that MyShake can add to information collected by the U.S. Geological Survey. That U.S. agency has created the Earthquake Early Warning System, also_51 EEW. The EEW has deployed (部署) sensors for measuring quakes in many areas. In places where no such equipment _52 , MyShake may be the only method of early quake _53 . The app also shows ways to stay safer during an earthquake. The developers say it will become more effective as more people use it.“Our goal is to build a worldwide seismic network and use the data to _54the effects of earthquakes on us as individuals and on society as a whole,” say the researchers.The developers say they hope to add a feature that would _55 people about a possible tsunami: a huge wave after an earthquake.41. A. reports B. recognizes C. reveals D. reviews42. A. infer B. include C. influence D. inform43. A. acquired B. available C. affordable D. approachable44. A. equipped with B. made up of C. filled with D. in need of45. A. programmed B. protected C. prohibited D. promised46. A. from different places B. from one areaC. from the same phoneD. from another developer47. A. controls B. connects C. estimates D. receives48. A. much B. little C. excessive D. green49. A. activated B. sensed C. resisted D. issued50. A. low B. wooden C. high D. flat51. A. honored with B. called for C. known as D. defined as52. A. exists B. forms C. counts D. exploits53. A. protection B. diagnosis C. detection D. resistance54. A. raise B. receive C. record D. reduce55. A. confirm B. appoint C. alert D. acknowledgeSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)Learning how to cope with death has always been a central part of human existence. Even the Pixar movie Coco bases its story on the Mexican traditions of Dia de los Muertos. In this article, you will find out why and how Mexicans celebrate the Day of the Dead.I once visited the Museum of Mummies in the Mexican city of Guanajuato with a Swedish friend. The mummies were displayed among fake cobwebs ( 蜘蛛网), and other cheap adornments (装饰物). Confronted with this seeming lack of respect for the dead, I explained to my shocked companion that Mexicans have a peculiarly different relationship with death to other cultures. As the Nobel Prize-winning Mexican writer Octavio Paz explained in his work: “The Mexican ... is familiar with death, jokes about it, caresses it, sleeps with it, and celebrates it. True, there is as much fear in his attitude as in that of others, but at least death is not hidden away: he looks at it face to face, with impatience, disdain (鄙视) or irony.”The celebration of the Day of the Dead —a week of festivities from 28 October to 2 November —is an essential part of this embracement of death that is particular to Mexican national identity. The popular belief is that the dead have divine permission to visit friends and relatives on earth and enjoy once again the pleasures of life. Therefore, Mexicans visit the graves of families and friends and adorn them with colorful flowers and offerings of food. The period is a joyous celebration of life, rather than a sober mourning of its passing.The origins of the festival lie in the 16th-century fusion of the Aztecs’belief in death as merely one part in the wider cycle of existence, their ritual venerations (仪式崇拜) and offerings to the goddess Mic tecacihuatl (“Lady of the Dead”) for the deceased, and the Spanishconquerors’ desire to accommodate these festivities within the Catholic celebrations of All Saints’Day and All Souls’ Day.In a country as socially and geographically diverse as Mexico, there is significant regional variation in the nature of festivities: the southern state of Chiapas is far more likely to focus its efforts on processions ( 队伍) and public commemorations( 纪念) of death than the valley of Mexico, where the decoration of altars ( 供坛)in homes and tombs of the deceased is more popular. Urbanization, too, plays a large role in regional variations. For the south and rural areas the period holds far greater social and cultural significance than in the north and large cities; families and communities in rural areas will often spend large parts of the year preparing for the occasion.56.Why does the author say “Mexicans have a peculiarly different relationship with death to other cultures?”A.Because Mexicans always show their respect for death in the form of mummies.B.Because Mexicans do not fear death or respect it.C.Because adornments like flowers can be seen everywhere during the Day of the Dead.D.Mexicans face death bravely rather than hide it away.57.Which statement is NOT true according to the origins of the Day of the Dead?A.It was the Aztecs who determined how to celebrate the Day of the Dead.B.The Aztecs believed death was part of the wider cycle of existence.C.The Aztecs would give offerings to the goddess of death for their lost loved ones.D.The Spanish conquerors wanted to fit the festivities into some of their Catholic celebrations.58.Why do Mexicans visit the graves of families and friends and offer colorful flowers and food?A.Because they can ask God to permit the dead to visit them in this way.B.To celebrate the joy of new life in spring.C.Because the dead will be permitted to visit their families and enjoy the pleasure of life again.D.Because this is an essential part of embracement of death.59.Which of the following explains the role that urbanization plays in the regional variations of celebrating the Day of the Dead?A.People in the south and rural areas put more emphasis on the occasion.B.People in the valleys usually decorate the alters in homes and the tombs of the dead.C.People in the north and big cities spend large part of the year preparing for the celebration.D.The southern states do not care about the decoration of alters at home.(B)This booklet, prepared by the National Institute of MentalHealth (NIMH), provides an overview on depression. It willhelp you learn the things that everyone should know aboutdepression.This booklet is intended for informational purposes onlyand should not be considered a guide for making medicaldecisions. For more information on depression, please visit theNIMH website at .1.Depression is a real illness.Sadness is something we all experience. It is a normal reaction to difficult times in life and usually passes with a little time. When a person has depression, however, it interferes with daily life and normal functioning. Doctors call this condition “depressive disorder.” It is a real illness. Many factors may play a role in depression.Causes of Depression(1)Genetics, brain biology and chemistry(2)Life events such as trauma, loss of a loved one(3)A difficult relationship(4)Early childhood experience(5)Chronic illness, drug and alcohol abuse(6)Any stressful situation2.Depression affects people in different ways.Not everyone who is depressed experiences every symptom. Some people experience only a few symptoms; others have many. The seriousness and frequency of symptoms, and how long they last, vary depending on the individual and the stage of the illness.Symptoms of Depression(1)Feelings of guilt, sadness, worthlessness, helplessness or hopelessness(2)Loss of interest or pleasure in hobbies and activities(3)Difficulty concentrating, remembering, making decisions(4)Persistent aches or pains(5)Insomnia(6)Appetite and/ or weight changes(7)Consistent fatigue and decreased energy(8)Thoughts of death or suicide, suicide attempts3.Depression is treatable.Depression, even the most serious cases, can be treated. The earlier treatment begins, the more effective it will be.Dealing With Depression✓Reach out and stay connected: Make real-life communication a priority! Spend time with other people and confide in a trusted friend or relative. Let them help you.✓Try to be active and exercise: Aim for at least 30 minutes of exercise every day. This does not have to be all at once. A ten-minute walk can improve your mood for two hours.✓Eat a healthy and mood-boosting diet: Reduce foods that contain caffeine, alcohol, trans fats, and foods with high levels of chemical preservatives as well as sugars.✓Get a daily dose of sunlight: Sunlight can help improve your mood. Whenever possible, get outside during daylight hours and expose yourself to the sun.✓Challenge negative thinking: Nothing is as bad as it seems at first. Try to move your focus away from concentrating on what is bad in your life.✓Find professional help: If none of the above tips help, do not wait for the symptoms to disappear. Seek professional help.4.You are not alone.In addition to your treatment, you could also join a support group. At the meetings, people share experiences, feelings, information, and coping strategies for living with depression. Depression Around the WorldNearly seven percent of American teens and adults are currently living with depression.About 300 million people around the world are suffering from depression.60.According to the article, depression is NOT something that .① makes a person feel a little bit sad② always has a clear cause③ a person can get rid of④ happens to a small group of peopleA. ①②③B. ①②④C. ①③④D. ②③④61.According to the article, who might be suffering from depression?A.A teenager who frequently complained of stomachaches before going to school and preferredto stay in her room alone.B.A firefighter who had a sleepless night after a tough task.C.A mother who felt really exhausted after helping her child with her homework.D.An old man who had no appetite for his favorite food and decided to try a new diet.62.If you had a friend who was living with depression, you should probably suggest he .A.make an overseas trip all by himselfB.stay at the gym and work out day and nightC.concentrate on the negative feelings and try to overcome themD.take professional advice and accept medical intervention(C)On Wednesday, two things happened. In Syria, 80 people were killed by government airstrikes. Meanwhile, in Florida, Elon Musk’s SpaceX successfully launched and fired a sports car into space. Guess which story has dominated mainstream news sites?The launch of Musk’s Falcon Heavy rocket, the most powerful ever launched by a private company, went off successfully. Musk sent his cherry-red Tesla roadster running toward Mars, launching “a new space age”.The event attracted phenomenal publicity and made the rocket launch a masterstroke of advertising for Tesla.Meanwhile, in Syria, where hundreds of thousands of refugees may be forced to return to unsafe homes, a UN human rights coordinator for Syria said despondently(沮丧地) that he was no longer sure why he bothers to videotape the effects of bombing, since nobody ever pays attention: He wondered what level of violence it would take to make the world care.There is, perhaps, no better way to appreciate the tragedy of 21st-century global inequality than by watching a billionaire spend $90m launching a $100,000 car into space.Musk said he wanted to participate in a space race be cause “races are exciting” and that while strapping his car to a rocket may be “silly and fun … silly and fun things are important”.Thus, anyone who mentions the huge waste the project involves, or the various social uses to which these resources could be put, can be dismissed as a killjoy.But one doesn’t have to hate fun to question the justification for pursuing a costly newspace race at exactly this moment. If we examine the situation honestly, it becomes hard to defend a project like this.A mission to Mars does indeed sound exciting, but it’s important to have our priorities straight. First, perhaps we could make it so that a child no longer dies of malaria every two minutes. Or we could try to address the level of poverty in Alabama which has become so extreme that the UN investigator did not believe it could occur in a first-world country. Perhaps when violence, poverty and disease are solved, then we can head for the stars.Many might think that what Elon Musk chooses to do with his billions is Elon Musk’s business alone. If he wanted to spend all his money on medicine for children, that would be nice, but if he’d like to spend it making big explosions and sending his convertible on a million-mile space voyage, that’s his right.But Musk is only rich enough to afford these money-consuming projects because we have allowed social inequalities to arise in the first place. If wealth were actually distributed fairly in this country, nobody would be in a position to fund his own private space program.Elon Musk is right: silly and fun things are important. But some of them are an indefensible waste of resources. While there are still humanitarian crises such as that in Syria, nobody can justify vast spending on rocketry experiments.63.Why does the writer mention the two pieces of news at the beginning of the passage?A.To highlight the significance of SpaceX’s successful launch of a rocket and a car into space.B.To illustrate the inequality of wealth distribution and the consequent inequality of attentiondistribution.C.To appeal to the government for more attention to the air strikes and refugee crisis in Syria.D.To find out which news dominated the mainstream news s ites.64.Why did the UN human rights coordinator for Syria feel disappointed?A.Because nobody appreciated his work and all the efforts he made.B.Because the violence in Syria is not serious enough to make the world care.C.Because however hard he tried, nobody seemed to care about the situation in Syria.D.Because he had great difficulty videotaping the effects of bombing.65.What is implied in paragraph in 6 and 7?A.The space project of SpaceX cost the government too much money.B.Addressing problems of violence, poverty and diseases should be our top priority.C.Space programs are a waste of money that cannot be justified.D.It kills the fun to question the justification of the pursuit of space programs.66.What does the writer mainly want to tell us?A.We should pay equal attention to space projects and solving social problems.B.No private companies should be allowed to spend money in rocketry experiments.C.The successful launch of SpaceX has distracted the world from more important things.D.The money and resources used in space projects could have been used to deal with varioussocial problems.Section CDirections: Complete the following passage by using the sentences in the box. Each sentence can only be used once. Note that there are two sentences more than you need.A.He inspired our imagination and hoped we could use it to make the world a better place.B.If all these entertainment products can be traced to one person, it would be Stan Lee, who died last November at the age of 95.C.Lee also appeared in a number of Marvel movies, watering his lawn, delivering the mail, andso on.D.In order to keep multiple stories going at the same time, Lee wove them together into a seamless(无缝的) fictional world.E.Under Lee, Marvel transformed the comic book world by humanizing its characters.F.Through the honesty of guys like Spider-Man, we learn about different aspects of human nature.Think of Spider-Man, Iron Man and Ant-Man. Think of Black Panther, the Mighty Thor and the X-Men. Think of the Incredible Hulk, the Fantastic Four and all the other superheroes that have stimulated the popular imagination. 67 . From a small office in Manhattan in the 1960s, he helped create a lineup of fictional heroes that have crossed from page to screen in a series of TV and movie adaptations and changed the face of popular culture.For many, he was the face of Marvel, if not comic books in general, witnessing the company’s rise to become an internation al media giant. As a writer, editor, publisher and Hollywood executive, he played a critical role in what comic fans call one of the medium’s golden ages.68 . Lee gave the heroes flaws and insecurities, as well as an awareness of trends, social causes and a sense of humor, trying to “make them real flesh-and-blood characters with personality,” he told The Washington Post in 1992. “That’s what any story should have, but comics didn’t have it until that point. They were all cardboardf igures.”69 . Iron Man, for example, could join forces with the Fantastic Four, and Captain America could find himself a wedding guest alongside Doctor Strange. Lee created a fictional universe for readers to explore —one that made readers buy multiple series to get the whole story.“I used to think what I did was not very important,” Lee told the Chicago Tribune in 2014.“People are building bridges and participating in medical research, and here I was working on stories about fictional people who do crazy things and wear costumes. But I suppose I have come to realize that entertainment is not easily dismissed.”Stan Lee was as extraordinary as the characters he created, said Disney chairman and CEO Bob Iger. Indeed, Lee worked tirelessly his whole life creating great characters for the world to enjoy. 70 . His legacy will outlive us all.IV.Summary Writing (71)Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Standing desks have been praised for their positive effects on physical health, reducing sitting time and lowering certain health risks linked to a sedentary( 久坐的) lifestyle. But could standing desks have positive mental effects?。
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2020年4月23日托福听力真题
Conversation 1
一个女的转学来林肯学员学习环境，但是他选了宿舍没选公寓，
她想问男的能改成公寓不，男的说：不行，谁叫你不看网页，女的说
她看了但是只看了map，男的说：谁叫你不先看?公寓什么都有，厕所
厨房客厅，上课还近，但是要多付钱。
女的说没有早点选房间的原因
是她那时候还在另一所学校，另外就是有钱。
男的又说NO NO NO，去
年大家都抽选过了不能改了，为什么不一开始就说?女的说我去拿时还
没有转学啊，况且有人说我找你就行，男的问谁，女的说：不记得了。
男的：… …。
Lecture 1
地球的layer结构，Mantle,crust,core,并没有想象中那么简单，科学家发射一种wave探测，但是只能到达crust,mantle和core有着high pressure, geologist无法探测里面的结构，所以历地理学家常
常借助physicist的协助来研究地层结构，历，physicist以前在实验室里创造类似底层内部的高压环境，用一种tool叫DAC，因为这种
tool的受力面积很小，只要很小的force就能产生极大的preesure。
科学家在使用tool时还heat it，以达到特定的temperature，把液
体的水变成了一种ice crystal。
后来研究人员在地层内部也发现了类似的crystal，地理学家发射一种wave去探测地层内部的温度，然后
发现mantle和core交界处的温度有3000度。
几个问题是lecture讲
了关于什么的，提到的那个工具是个钻石diamond头的，因为能增大
压强，还有一题是科学家在2007年的实验能够测量出什么，答案应该
是mantle和core中间的温度。
Lecture 2
16世纪的画，先提了一下impressionism用的颜色注重色彩的使用，喜欢丰富，vivid，多彩的颜色。
然后说主要讲的一种艺术，
Venison作品则更注重色彩的质量而不是种类。
有一种blue glass就
被用来做颜料了。
后面教授展示了一副很realistic的画，一个小男
孩出现在门边，教授说这个小男孩的位置很有讲究，创造出了3D的效果。
学生问天空不是蓝的是灰的啊，教授说是因为这个glass时间久
了褪色了。
Conversation 2
老师找学生说让学生当助教教高中生，关于什么莎士比亚，说是
中学生不太喜欢学，希望这种大学生去增加趣味性然后说了大概要做
什么事情，主要是一对一教学，但有时候有大课，有的时候还有演出。
莎士比亚有部作品里有个人物是协助观众理解的。
学生最后提到时间
很紧张但是肯定有时间去当助教。
Lecture 3
生物学讲座，动物从水生转变到陆地。
说了一种生物是半水生半
陆地生物，从水生转变到陆地类不是一朝一夕的，鱼鳍fins要变成
legs/limbs，呼吸方式gill会变，还要适合重力的变化(重放这句问
为什么这么说，对应，进化不容易)如果无法想象是什么样子，大家能
够想想crocodile…身长多少之类(有题，为什么要提到)从化石能够看出头(骨头之类的)有变化，让这个生物能够活动头了(有题，选两个，
一个是头能够活动，另外一个是。
选项有吃下更大的食物，协助
避开捕食者，以及能更好地游泳)后面说为什么这些动物要上岸，在什
么浅水区域这里树怎么了然后水里氧气就不够了，所以他们要上岸呼
吸(有题)后来它们就能够抬头呼吸和爬上岸啦。
Lecture 4
解码一个Knotting，Knotting culture是绳结记事，古代某某某
文明中的，研究者先是认为绳子上的结的种类和多少要表示数字以及
日历，后认为还可能表示word甚至是story，后来偏到历史研究方法，其中讲到一个s tree(大概是这样)研究方法论。
最后说代表word的话以barbaba这个词为例实验有好多种结法。