浅谈中西方文化的英语论文

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西方传统文化英语作文

西方传统文化英语作文

西方传统文化英语作文Title: Exploring Western Traditional Culture。

Western traditional culture is a rich tapestry woven from centuries of history, beliefs, values, and customs. From literature and art to religion and philosophy, the essence of Western culture permeates through various facets of human expression. In this essay, we delve into the depth and diversity of Western traditional culture, examining its key components and their significance in shaping societies around the world.Literature stands as a cornerstone of Western culture, with a vast array of literary works spanning different genres, periods, and styles. From the epics of Homer to the plays of Shakespeare, literature reflects the collective consciousness and aspirations of Western civilization. Works like "The Divine Comedy" by Dante Alighieri and "Don Quixote" by Miguel de Cervantes offer profound insightsinto human nature and the existential dilemmas faced byindividuals.Moreover, Western literature has birthed iconic characters who have transcended time and space to become archetypes of the human experience. Whether it's the tragic figure of Hamlet or the adventurous spirit of Odysseus, these characters continue to resonate with audiences worldwide, serving as mirrors to our own struggles and triumphs.Art, another pillar of Western culture, embodies the creativity and ingenuity of human expression. From the meticulous brushstrokes of the Renaissance masters to the bold experimentation of modern artists, Western artreflects the evolution of aesthetic sensibilities over the centuries. The works of Leonardo da Vinci, Michelangelo, and Vincent van Gogh are celebrated not only for their technical brilliance but also for their ability to evoke emotion and provoke thought.Furthermore, Western art encompasses various movements and styles, each influenced by the socio-political contextof its time. From the romanticism of the 19th century tothe surrealism of the 20th century, artists have continuously pushed the boundaries of artistic expression, challenging conventional norms and perceptions.Religion has also played a significant role in shaping Western culture, providing moral guidance, spiritual nourishment, and a sense of community to millions of people. Christianity, in particular, has been instrumental in shaping Western values and ethics, influencing everything from governance and law to social norms and familial structures.The Judeo-Christian tradition, with its emphasis on love, compassion, and redemption, has left an indeliblemark on Western civilization, inspiring countless works of art, literature, and music. The cathedrals of Europe, with their towering spires and intricate stained glass windows, stand as testaments to the enduring influence of Christian faith and devotion.Philosophy, too, has played a pivotal role in shapingWestern culture, providing a framework for understanding the nature of existence, knowledge, and morality. From the ancient wisdom of Plato and Aristotle to the moderninsights of Descartes and Kant, Western philosophy has grappled with fundamental questions about the meaning of life and the nature of reality.Moreover, Western philosophy has laid the groundworkfor scientific inquiry and technological innovation, fostering a spirit of curiosity and critical thinking that continues to drive progress and advancement in the modern world. The scientific revolution of the 17th century, spearheaded by figures like Galileo, Newton, and Kepler, marked a turning point in human history, paving the way for the age of enlightenment and the dawn of the modern era.In conclusion, Western traditional culture encompasses a rich tapestry of literature, art, religion, and philosophy that has shaped the course of human history and continues to influence our lives today. From the timeless wisdom of ancient texts to the groundbreaking discoveries of modern science, the legacy of Western culture is atestament to the enduring power of human creativity, imagination, and intellect. As we navigate the complexities of the modern world, we would do well to draw inspiration from the cultural heritage that has come before us, enriching our lives and enriching our understanding of what it means to be human.。

英语论文中西方传统节日文化的差异

英语论文中西方传统节日文化的差异

Culture Differences of Chinese and Western TraditionalFestivalAbstractTraditional festivals are the historical products of a nation’s development. Whether in China which has a long history of more than five thousand years or in the newborn America, the origination of traditional festivals in the two countries is similar. Most traditional festivals originated from people’s expectation for harvest in the agricultural production, the worship towards the gods and the nature, sacrifices to the historical characters and etc. After the long-term evolution, traditional festivals have become an indispensable part of the national culture. Through traditional festivals, the distinct cultural characteristics of a people and the national spirits can be observed. Since the ancient time, China has been a large agricultural country, the small-scale economic mode known as “The men plough and the women weave” initiated the agricultural civilization of Chinese characteristics. Chinese traditional festivals are deeply rooted in the agricultural civilization and greatly influenced by Confucianism. To some extent, Chinese traditional festivals have relieved from the primitive taboos and tended to be happy festivals which reflect the concept of harmony and integration in Confucianism. In America, religion plays a very important role in people’s life. With various branches, the religious system of America is quite complicated, among which Christianity is of the greatest importance. Some American traditional festivals are the direct products of Christianity and most festivals haveevolved into the religious festivals later. This paper is designed to discuss the differences in customs, origins and other aspects of traditional festivals with the similar cultural connotation, then analyze the reasons lying behind the differences and finally reflect the cultural differences of the two nations. The paper also analyzes the mutual fusion in tradtional holidays between China and the west.Key words: Traditional festivals; Chinese and American culture; cultural differences; causes; mutual fusion.中西方传统节日文化的差异摘要传统节日是一个民族发展的历史产物。

英语论文中西方传统节日文化的差异

英语论文中西方传统节日文化的差异

Culture Differences of Chinese and Western TraditionalFestivalAbstractTraditional festivals are the historical products of a nation’s development. Whether in China which has a long history of more than five thousand years or in the newborn America, the origination of traditional festivals in the two countries is similar. Most traditional festivals originated from people’s expectation for harvest in the agricultural production, the worship towards the gods and the nature, sacrifices to the historical characters and etc. After the long-term evolution, traditional festivals have become an indispensable part of the national culture. Through traditional festivals, the distinct cultural characteristics of a people and the national spirits can be observed. Since the ancient time, China has been a large agricultural country, the small-scale economic mode known as “The men plough and the women weave” initiated the agricultural civilization of Chinese characteristics. Chinese traditional festivals are deeply rooted in the agricultural civilization and greatly influenced by Confucianism. To some extent, Chinese traditional festivals have relieved from the primitive taboosand tended to be happy festivals which reflect the concept of harmony and integration in Confucianism. In America, religion plays a very important role in people’s life. With various branches, the religious system of America is quite complicated, among which Christianity is of the greatest importance. Some American traditional festivals are the direct products of Christianity and most festivals have evolved into the religious festivals later. This paper is designed to discuss the differences in customs, origins and other aspects of traditional festivals with the similar cultural connotation, then analyze the reasons lying behind the differences and finally reflect the cultural differences of the two nations. The paper also analyzes the mutual fusion in tradtional holidays between China and the west.Key words: Traditional festivals; Chinese and American culture; cultural differences; causes; mutual fusion.中西方传统节日文化的差异摘要传统节日是一个民族发展的历史产物。

写一篇谈论东西方文化差异的英语作文

写一篇谈论东西方文化差异的英语作文

写一篇谈论东西方文化差异的英语作文English: Culture plays a significant role in shaping the beliefs, values, behavior, and norms of a society. When comparing Eastern and Western cultures, there are several key differences that are evident. One major difference is the emphasis on individualism versus collectivism. Western cultures, such as those in the United States and Europe, tend to prioritize individual goals, achievements, and personal success. In contrast, Eastern cultures, like those in China and Japan, place a strong emphasis on collective harmony, family loyalty, and group identity. Another notable difference lies in communication styles. Western culture tends to value direct and assertive communication, while Eastern culture places more importance on implicit and indirect communication. Additionally, Eastern cultures tend to have a more hierarchical structure and value traditions, while Western cultures often emphasize innovation and progress. These cultural differences can impact various aspects of life, including business practices, relationships, social interactions, and even everyday customs and traditions.Translated content: 文化在塑造一个社会的信仰、价值观、行为和规范方面起着重要作用。

中西方饮食文化英语论文论述

中西方饮食文化英语论文论述
中西方饮食文化英语论文论述
L/O/G/O
Selected topic reason
Diet is always a subject that can cause so much cultural conflict and
collision.
饮食始终是一个能够引起如此多文化冲突与 碰撞的话题。
就是这样,许多西方人永远无法理解海蜇、 皮蛋、凤爪与鸡鸭血汤的美味.他们钟情于 自己的美味,可在中国人眼里,那些美味 也奇怪得很——全生的蔬菜色拉已然是极 品之至;而肉更貌似只分两种:没烧熟的 和已烤焦的,好似西餐厨师从来不懂火候 为何物。
Concluቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱion
Since different countries have different histories and cultures, there are a lot of differences in the habit of conducts and the ceremony, especially between China and the West, the jokes and the mistakes caused by misunderstanding are not unusual. This shows that the understanding of the different etiquettes between Chinese and the Westerners is absolutely necessary. Thus it is necessary to understand the difference between Chinese and Western cultural, learn from each other and progress in common.

中西方文化差异英语论文

中西方文化差异英语论文

The difference between Chinese culture and westerncultureA Comparative study on school educationAs we all know, there are lots of differences in school education between China and America. Now I want to talk about the differences from primary education to higher education.The reasons why I want to compare these two kinds of education style are very simple. Firstly, if we want to learn about a country, we should learn its educational style to so that we can learn how they cultivate the next generation. Secondly, we can study others’advantages and improve ours’, especially for we developing countries. Third, development of society always relies on science, and science come from education, if we want to be strong, education is the very key.You may ask why the differences exist, yeah, why? In my opinion, differences come so obviously because we have quite different thinking methods, we Chinese prefer to summarize experience after every practice, and we are good at applying our summary into practice. While Americans are used to doing some practice first, they can achieve a lot in these practice. In other words our thinking method is limited in the elder generation's experience seriously, what we do is to apply these summary into application, it will do great harm to our innovation. Now let us compare our different kind of education style from primary education to higher education between the two countries.1, Primary School EducationIt's so common that our children suffer lots of homework after class, what is more, the young have to attend to every kind of extra class to improve their scores, we have to admire that our children grasp better basic knowledge, however, what we lose is far more than what we gain. As is the time should we have a reflection, we put so heavy pressure on the young, but it does not work well, children ought to have a happy childhood.While, children in American have less classes and less homework, teachers prefer to let the young do more activities not exercise they want them to consider more and achieve the interest during their practice. Teachers often let children have free talks to train speaking skills, so today we can see American do better in arguing. During primary education, their students mainly study math and language, teachers usually arrange some activities which need to be finished in group, it not only improves the young's friendship but also does good to their sense of a teamwork. We can see the US children have quite relaxed growing environment. They have a more comfortable childhood I think.2. High School EducationIn Chinese high school, we study for three years, during this period, students have a lot of things to do, most of which is about study, every day we are preparing for college entrance examination, we all want to make good scores and choose an ideal college, so you can imagine this three-year career is a great challenge for us. Every day, we begin our class from 7:00 to 12:00 in the morning and from 2:00 till 5:30 in the afternoon, during a day's study, we mainly have math, physic, chemistry, biology,English and Chinese classes, these are the very subjects we should prepare for college entrance examination. We also have some interesting classes. Each week we have two PE classes, during this time we can do what sports we love and we can also relax ourselves, in my opinion only two PE classes are really not enough for us. We have two psychology classes, in this class teacher will show us some exciting topics that have something to do with us, it really help us a lot when we feel lost and frustrated. In Art class teacher will show us famous pictures and tell us the story of each work, we feel quite relaxed at this moment as we can have a sleep or do some other things. Though study is essential during these three years, yet what is the most important I think is that we develop great friendship during high school life, and our friendship is so pure that we can trust each other without any hesitation. Though these three years is the busiest period, it really gives us an valuable memory.When we come to American high school, we can see they have a relaxed study life, as is seen, their high school life is similar to our college life, they commonly study for four years during high school, they need not to pay too much attention to college entrance examination, in American, people prefer your ability than your scores, so students work hard to improve their all kinds of abilities. They go to class from 7:30 to 2:15 from Monday to Friday and only six classes every day, maybe you do not believe, but it is really true. They also have more interesting classes such as pottery class, theatre class and legal class, what the school wants is to strengthen students' practical skills. American students go to class in different classroom while we Chinese have permanent classroom, what is more, they are free to develop themselves andmajor in the subjects they like. As long as they get enough credits they can get graduated, so we can conclude that their style is like our college style.And our class atmosphere is also different, Chinese students should sit rightly and answer the teacher's question carefully, we consider that shows our respect to our teacher, however, American students prefer to sit as comfortable as they feel, they think it is good for study efficiency.3. College EducationIn this part we will continue to introduce the difference between two kinds of education styles.In China, having entranced college, students finally have the chance to lead a relaxed life after so many years study life. Many of them pursuit not to fail in every term's final examination, considering that is enough. And after these four years, students both can get a job and go for further study, it mainly depend on your personal desire. In the four year's life we have to get enough credits to get graduated, we need to attend to required courses and elective subjects. In college you may not go to every class, it is so common that every student have ever escaped from classes. And during these four years we can join all kinds of organizations and that is a good way to improve our communication skills and we can meet more people, maybe one or more among them will do us a favor in the future. We also take part in many kinds of national examinations, among which are CET4, CET6, and NCRE2. If you get the certification. It will help you a lot when you attend a job interview after graduation.Now let us have a look at American college life. In the front of this article weknow their students have a very relaxed life as they do not need to worry about entering college, they can go to college though their score is low, of course, if you want to choose famous college you should have good score. After American students entering college, many of them begin to work harder than they ever did, they may stay in the library all day long, they think it is time for their effort, or they will not get satisfied job after graduation.And on the way I want to say something not so important. In China a student can go to famous university as long as he have good social relationship, and he will get a gradual certificate. While if you study in America, you should pay attention, getting in by the back door is impossible, if you do not work hard you will never graduate successfully, and no satisfied job is waiting for you.In general, Chinese educational style pays more attention to basic knowledge, especially to math physic and chemistry. Our students really have steady basic knowledge that the US students admire very much. When we turn to see US students, we can easily find they prefer to improve social skills, including arguing, social work and teamwork, this difference lead to a phenomenon that if Chinese and American both work in a company most of the Americans will work as manager, and most of we Chinese will work as technical staff who work for the manager.When asked what bring this difference, American say "Chinese have very good knowledge standard but they are not willing to talk about their opinions in meetings, they are used to work along with former experience and lack innovation spirit."4. Different education systemIn China the majority of young people will get the opportunity to enjoy the 9 years' mandatory education, and very few people can go to high school or college, so the proportion of people get educated to the whole people is quite low. The reason why our government puts so many efforts to encourage the young to get further study is mainly to improve our nation's quality.In American, education attract great attention from the government, compulsory education is 12 years, 3 years longer than ours, the students not only enjoy free books but even have free lunch, from this you can see how American care about education. What is more, most of the people will not get satisfied with 12 years education, if so, they can hardly get a job. Many of them will go for further study. They study more forwardly and more self-conscious, and these two kinds of good behavior also bring a good social atmosphere.Chinese teachers are used to divide students in different level based on they marks in the exam, and students will be divided into different classes.While American teachers prefer to use "ABCD" instead of Arabic numerals to evaluate the students, in their eyes every student is good, so teachers will not grudge praise for the students, maybe appreciative education is enlightened from this.That is the whole content I want to share with you to learn the difference between American and Chinese school education, we can see that we really have a lot of things to solve in our education, why our people can not get Nobel prize, maybe there is something wrong with our education system. What we should do is to learn other's advantages and decrease the gap. Maybe years later our students will get theworld's attention.。

中外文化交流英文作文

中外文化交流英文作文

中外文化交流英文作文英文:Cultural exchange between different countries is an important aspect of global communication. It helps people understand and appreciate different cultures, and promotes mutual respect and cooperation. As someone who has had the opportunity to participate in cultural exchange programs, I believe that it is a valuable experience that everyone should have.One of the benefits of cultural exchange is that it broadens your perspective. When you immerse yourself in a different culture, you gain a deeper understanding of their customs, traditions, and way of life. This can help you appreciate the diversity of the world and become more tolerant and open-minded.Another benefit is that it helps you develop communication skills. When you are in a foreign country,you have to communicate with people who may not speak your language fluently. This can be challenging, but it also forces you to be more creative and resourceful in your communication.Finally, cultural exchange can lead to lifelong friendships. When you meet people from different cultures, you realize that despite our differences, we all share common values and experiences. This can create a bond that lasts long after the exchange program is over.中文:不同国家之间的文化交流是全球交流的重要方面。

中西方文化差异英语作文

中西方文化差异英语作文

中西方文化差异英语作文英文回答:Culture is an integral part of our identity. It shapes our beliefs, values, and behaviors. As a result, there are significant differences in culture between the East and the West. One of the most significant differences is the approach to communication.In the West, direct communication is preferred. People tend to be straightforward and explicit in their communication. They say what they mean and mean what they say. In contrast, in the East, indirect communication is preferred. People tend to be more subtle and implicit in their communication. They use nonverbal cues and context to convey their message.Another significant difference is the approach to time. In the West, time is seen as a commodity that must be used wisely. People are expected to be punctual and efficient.In contrast, in the East, time is seen as a more fluid concept. People are less concerned with punctuality and more concerned with building relationships and establishing trust.These differences can lead to misunderstandings and miscommunication between people from different cultures. It is essential to be aware of these differences and to adapt one's communication style accordingly.中文回答:文化是我们身份认同的重要组成部分。

中西方文化差异及其对高中英语教学影响论文

中西方文化差异及其对高中英语教学影响论文

浅谈中西方文化差异及其对高中英语教学的影响摘要:高中英语教学目的就是培养学生的英语学习与交际能力。

中西方的文化差异对高中英语教学带来一定的影响。

本文结合中西方的文化差异对高中英语教学的影响,总结相关教学经验,谈谈一些心得体会。

关键词:语言;文化;差异;英语教学文化差异1、greeting others在中国,无论是熟人还是朋友,非正式场合打招呼都是点头或者问一句“去哪儿?”或者是“吃了吗?”而正式场合则握手说“你好!”西方人则不同,陌生人之间通常是以讨论天气开始搭讪(尤其是在英国,由于天气变幻无常),要是有人介绍,则说“how do you do?”或“nice to meet you.”如果是熟人见面则较随意,好久不见的朋友则以拥抱来表示彼此之间的情谊。

2、daily conversations中国人讲究面子,所以外在一团和气,自己难得开口求人,要是别人求自己,也很少直接拒绝,甚至有时候为了面子或者所谓的义气而委屈自己。

比如说,张三今天想上街,他约我一起去,我自己明明有事,可是却抹不开面子,不好意思说不,所以往往是放弃自己的计划陪他去了。

还有,中国人讲究含蓄,什么都是“研究研究,商量商量,讨论讨论”。

西方人则不同,他们喜欢直来直去,有什么就说什么。

所以,他们要是不能答应的事,一定会说“no. i’msorry.”3、manners & behavior咱们很多时候认为,既然是老朋友了,那么就不需要拘束,所以越是熟人就越随意,在日常生活中很少听到“对不起”“谢谢你”一类的礼貌用语。

在国外则不同,就算是老外来到中国,他们也时时把那些客气的话挂在嘴边。

当听到别人的赞许时,我们常说“哪里哪里”“做的不好,还请多多指教”,而西方人则会说“thank you!”“i’m glad to hear that”.另外,要是你要找的那个人有事在忙的时候,尤其是他或她正在和别人谈话时,我们往往不会顾及别人的感受而直接打断他人的对话,这在交际过程中是不礼貌的行为,这一点西方人做的比较好,先说“excuse me”或“sorry to interrupt you. ”4、sending & receiving gifts首先,有个误区要解释一下,我们传统观念上认为,只有很重大的节日才送礼物,而且一定要贵重,或者就是有事求人的时候送礼。

英语专业论文(中西方文化禁忌)

英语专业论文(中西方文化禁忌)

华中科技大学文华学院毕业设计(论文)题目:中西方文化禁忌The Taboos In Chinese And Western Culture学生姓名: XXX 学号:XXXXXXXXXXX学部(系):外语学部英语系专业年级:XX英语一班指导教师:XXXX 职称或学位:副教授20 年月日AcknowledgementsFirst and foremost, my appreciation goes to my affectionate parents, and the rest of my family. Throughout the development of this paper, they have been there always giving me continuous support, encouragement and understanding. Their love and support encourage me to pursue progress all the time.I would also like to extend my sincere thanks to all other teachers who gave me lectures during the past four academic years. I have benefited so much not only from their courses and lectures but also from their constant encouragement.Finally, my deepest gratitude and respect go to my supervisor, Zhong Liping. It is for his constant encouragement, critical instructions, his great care and precious advice and suggestions that this paper appears in the present form.AbstractWith the development of economic globalization and China's Reform and Opening up, the connection between China and western countries are Increasingly close. And the communication and collisions between the Chinese and western culture also appear in each person's life. This thesis mainly introduced the Chinese and western cultural taboo from the definition of taboo to origin, then to the differences between Chinese and western cultural taboos, and finally research how to avoid touching these taboo in daily communication. This thesis involves these taboos of name, address, gender, race, religion, superstition and other espects relate to our life.And through these research readers will not touched others’ taboo and even influence people’s relationship in communication.Key words:Chinese and western; taboo; definition; origin of taboo; species of taboo; details of taboo; how to avoid touching taboo随着经济全球化的发展和中国对外开放程度的加深,中国和西方国家的联系也日益密切起来,中西方文化之间的交流和碰撞也出现在了每个人的生活中。

浅析中西方文化差异与英语翻译论文

浅析中西方文化差异与英语翻译论文

浅析中西方文化差异与英语翻译论文无论是在学习还是在工作中,大家都经常接触到论文吧,通过论文写作可以培养我们独立思考和创新的能力。

相信很多朋友都对写论文感到非常苦恼吧,下面是店铺精心整理的浅析中西方文化差异与英语翻译论文,欢迎大家借鉴与参考,希望对大家有所帮助!浅析中西方文化差异与英语翻译论文篇1摘要:翻译的本质是两种文化的交流。

文化的差异是一个译者必须要处理好的问题,如果处理不当就容易让读者产生歧义。

分析了中西方主要的文化差异,并对主要的差异进行了举例说明。

介绍了对于这种差异的基本翻译方法,它们分别是:异化法、归化法和音译法。

并对这些方法进行了解释。

关键词:文化差异;处理方法;异化法;归化法;音译法1、语言是社会的产物,是人类历史和文化的结晶它凝聚着一个民族世代相传的社会意识,历史文化,风俗习惯等各方面人类社会所有的特征。

不同的文化需要沟通。

沟通离不开翻译,可见文化及其交流是翻译发生的本源,翻译是文化交流的产物。

翻译教学和研究的经验表明:翻译理论和技巧必须建立在不同语言和文化的对比分析的基础上。

翻译之所以困难,归根结底是语言差异和文化差异。

英汉两种语言在表达方式上有相似之处,但2012年02月13日09时09分,《英语学习:英语论文:简析中西方文化差异与英语翻译[1]》由出国英语编辑整理。

2、译法汉语文化中特有的事物在英语文化中完全空缺,这时可采用音译法将具有特殊文化内涵的词语“移植”到英语文化中去。

如:“功夫”kong fu、“乌龙茶”oolong等。

许多采用音译法翻译的词语已成为英语中的外来词,被西方大众广泛接受。

3、结语语言是文化的一部分,也是文化的传承者。

文化依靠语言进行传播、交流。

东西方文化的差异对英汉互译产生了深远的影响。

因此对于译者来说熟悉中英两种文化甚至比掌握这两种语言更为重要。

翻译离不开文化,没有基于文化的翻译是达不到交流的目的的。

本文只列举了三种基本的翻译方法,对于文化意象处理的问题,并没有统一的翻译方法和公式,译者应根据上下文灵活处理。

中西酒文化差异英语专业论文

中西酒文化差异英语专业论文

课程论文(学术论文写作)Title: On the Difference between Chinese and Western Wine Culture题目: 浅析中西方酒文化差异二级学院:英语学院专业:英语班级:姓名:学号:授课教师:成绩:目录目录 (i)摘要 (I)Abstract ...................................................................................................................... I I1 Introduction (1)2 Different Origins of Wine (2)2.1 The Origin of Wine in China (2)2.2 The Origin of Wine in The West (2)2.3 Brief Summary (2)3 Different Preferences of Wine (3)4 Differences of Drinking Vessels (4)5 Drinking Etiquette (5)6 Spirit Connotation of Wine (6)6.1 Wine is Their Emotional Sustenance (6)6.2 Wine is Their Way of Reclusiveness (7)6.3 Wine Has Secular Utilitarian Utility (7)6.4 Brief Summary (7)7 Conclusion (8)Bibliography (9)摘要随着中西方交流的扩大,中西文化之间的差异也越来越受到重视,酒文化的差异也当然是其中之一。

酒被认为是酒神赐予人们的礼物,酒文化源远流长,酒在人们日常的交际生活中起着重要作用,它融会贯通了人们生活和人际交往的各个方面。

【英语论文】中英文化差异对商务谈...

【英语论文】中英文化差异对商务谈...

毕业论文中英文化差异对商务谈判的影响Impacts of Chinese-English Cultural Difference on Business Negotiation学院(直属系):外国语学院年级、专业:商务英语学生姓名:学号:指导教师:完成时间:Impacts of Chinese-English Cultural Differenceon Business NegotiationAbstract: Nowadays, as the rapid movement toward a global economy international business negotiation activities have become increasingly important and frequent. In view of the present world economic situation, people around the world have gradually recognize the importance of international business negotiation. Therefore, it’s obvious imperative for negotiators to learn about other countries’ culture before business negotiation in order to avoid unnecessary misunderstanding and make the negotiation develop smoothly. China, as the largest developing country in Asia, has played a more and more important role in the business contact with western countries after joining the World Economic Organization. However, China’s business corporation with western countries is not always so successful because of a lack of full understanding of cross-cultural knowledge. This thesis makes an effort to highlight the impacts of Chinese-English cultural difference on business negotiation. As it is known that China and English represent the typical eastern culture and western culture, which vary in many aspects such as religion, politic, education and so on, to some degree, they represent totally different culture. So it’s of high significance to study both countries’culture. By analyzing the causes of the cultural difference between the two countries and contrasting their negotiation styles, the author makes it clear that successful international business is based on full understanding of cross culture. Besides, the thesis finally put forward some suggestions to overcome problems rising by cultural difference.Key words: impacts,Chinese-English cultural difference,business negotiation.摘要:随着全球经济和贸易的飞速发展,国际商务谈判活动已显日益重要和频繁。

英语论文中西方饮食文化差异

英语论文中西方饮食文化差异

英语论文中西方饮食文化差异AbstractWith the continuous development of globalization, cultural exchanges between the East and the West have become increasingly frequent. Food, as an important part of culture, reflects the differences between Eastern and Western cultures to a large extent. This paper aims to explore the differences in food culture between Eastern and Western countries, including the historical background, dietary habits, ingredients, cooking methods, and table manners. By examining the cultural factors behind these differences, we can gain a deeper understanding of the rich diversity and uniqueness of Eastern and Western food cultures.IntroductionFood is not only a source of nutrition but also a carrier of culture. It reflects the values, beliefs, and customs of a society. The cultural differences between Eastern and Western countries are evident in their respective food cultures. In this paper, we will examine the differences in food culture from various aspects, ranging from historical factors to table manners.A. Historical BackgroundThe development of food culture in Eastern and Western countries is closely related to their historical background. Eastern countries, such as China and Japan, have a long history of agriculture, which shapes their food culture characterized by rice as a staple food and the use of chopsticks for eating. In contrast, Western countries, such as France and Italy, have a long history of animal husbandry and the cultivation of wheat. This influencestheir food culture characterized by bread and pasta as staple foods and the use of forks and knives.B. Dietary HabitsThe dietary habits of Eastern and Western countries also differ significantly. Eastern countries emphasize balance and harmony in their meals. They believe in the concept of yin and yang, and their meals typically consist of a combination of grains, meat or fish, vegetables, and soy products. In contrast, Western countries tend to have more varied and individualistic eating patterns. They often have three main meals a day, with a focus on meat, dairy products, and a wide range of fruits and vegetables.C. IngredientsThe choice of ingredients in Eastern and Western cuisines is another area where differences can be observed. Eastern cuisines heavily rely on soy sauce, soybean oil, and various fermented products, such as miso and soybean paste. These ingredients contribute to the umami taste that is prominent in Eastern dishes. In contrast, Western cuisines commonly use butter, cream, and various cheeses to enhance flavors. Moreover, the use of herbs and spices, such as basil, thyme, and oregano, is prevalent in Western cuisines, adding depth and complexity to dishes.D. Cooking MethodsThe cooking methods employed in Eastern and Western cuisines also differ significantly. Eastern cuisines often involve stir-frying, steaming, and boiling, which are quick and efficient methods that retain the natural flavors and textures of ingredients. In contrast, Western cuisines often involvebaking, grilling, and roasting, which allow flavors to develop through caramelization and browning. Slow cooking methods, such as stewing and braising, are also commonly used in Western cuisines to tenderize meats and enhance flavors.E. Table MannersTable manners and etiquette also vary between Eastern and Western cultures. Eastern cultures, such as China and Japan, emphasize the importance of communal dining and the sharing of dishes. Meals are often served family-style, and it is considered polite to take small portions and try a bit of everything. In Western cultures, individual plates are more common, and each person's meal is often separate and portioned individually. Additionally, the use of utensils differs, where chopsticks are used in Eastern cultures and forks, knives, and spoons are used in Western cultures.ConclusionIn conclusion, the differences in food culture between Eastern and Western countries can be attributed to their historical background, dietary habits, choice of ingredients, cooking methods, and table manners. These differences reflect the values, beliefs, and customs of each culture. By understanding and appreciating these differences, we can promote cultural exchange and enhance mutual understanding between Eastern and Western societies.。

中西方节日文化差异英文作文

中西方节日文化差异英文作文

中西方节日文化差异英文作文Culture Differences of Chinese and Western Traditional FestivalAbstractTraditional festivals are the historical products of a nation’s development. Whether in China which has a long history of more than five thousand years or in the newborn America, the origination of traditional festivals in the two countries is similar. Most traditional festivals originated from people’s expectation for harvest in the agricultural production, the worship towards the gods and the nature, sacrifices to the historical characters and etc. After the long-term evolution, traditional festivals have become an indispensable part of the national culture. Through traditional festivals, the distinct cultural characteristics of a people and the national spirits can be observed. Since the ancient time, China has been a large agricultural country, the small-scale economic mode known as ―The men plough and the women weave‖ initiated the agricultural civilization of Chinesecharacteristics. Chinese traditional festivals are deeply rooted in the agricultural civilization and greatly influenced by Confucianism. To some extent, Chinese traditional festivals have relieved from the primitive taboos and tended to be happy festivals which reflect the concept of harmony and integration in Confucianism. In America, religion plays a very important role in people’s life. With various branches, the religious system of America is quite complicated, among which Christianity is of the greatest importance. Some American traditional festivals are the direct products of Christianity and most festivals have evolved into the religious festivals later. This paper is designed to discuss the differences in customs, origins and other aspects of traditional festivals with the similar cultural connotation, then analyze the reasons lying behind the differences and finally reflect the cultural differences of the two nations. The paper also analyzes the mutual fusion in tradtional holidays between China and the west.Key words: Traditional festivals; Chinese and American culture; cultural differences; causes; mutual fusion.中西方传统节日文化的差异摘要传统节日是一个民族发展的历史产物。

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I ntroduction to Chinese and western cultural differencesLanguage is the product of society, is the crystallization of human history and culture. It embodies a national passed from generation to generation of social consciousness, historical culture, customs and so on various aspects of human society all features. Different cultural background and cultural traditions, make Chinese and western ways of thinking, values, code of conduct and way of life, etc, there are also considerable cultural differences. Language is the carrier of culture, vocabulary is the concentration of the cultural information, is an important part of language, it reflects the culture of the development and change, but also directly reflect the cultural differences.In China more than two thousand years of feudal society in the process of history, Confucianism has dominated the deep-seated string dominance, in Chinese society has a very deep and long influence. Idea of a Chinese has always been to fall back as a classic, this is in the Confucian "golden mean" as the basic rules of behavior. The ideal of "in" is the Confucian pursuit, life to life Confucian benevolence, righteousness, propriety, wisdom, letter of ideological and moral concepts as each person's behavior guide, treat people, want to consider temperature, quite good, purge, thrifty, let, proud of modest, to be open-minded, to oppose overlyreveal your self expression. Therefore, Chinese culture reflects the cultural characteristics of mass, the mass cultural characteristics are not allowed to put personal values take precedence over group interests.The formation of western values can be traced back to at least the Renaissance movement. The guiding ideology of the Renaissance is humanism, namely upholding individual as the center, to promote individualism first, to develop their self expression. The concept of "humility" in western culture value is ignored. The people worship of life is the "strong" and "hero". Capable, talented the strong get reused, lack of confidence can only fall behind the weak or eliminated by relentlessly. Therefore, western culture reflects the individual cultural characteristics of this kind of individuality cultural characteristics of advocating personal values take precedence over group interests above.Because of this, for some words between Chinese and western two cultures with mixed reviews have different colour. The word such as: ambition itself has mixed reviews, two kinds of meaning. Chinese use the derogatory sense, said "ambition", while American and British people take its good, said "ambition". Aggressive one word, the Chinese are commonly used to describe someone "provocative" "Aggressive", and the American people are used to describe someone "Aggressive enterprising, pioneering spirit".Mass culture in our country, attaches great importance to family andfriends, relationships, see it as a cell of society; In western countries, advocating independence independence. Chinese people attach importance to the traditional manner, father and son, seniority, hierarchical, inAnglo-American countries, equal status between the elder and the younger generation, no object boundaries, young and old to more friends. Chinese traditional ideas have always been advocating "four generations" "family reunion", since ancient times have "parents, not travel" word old adage; In Anglo-American countries, children under the age of 18 still living at home depend on their parents life is unthinkable, they must rely on their own hands to live independently. Also, older parents even lost life self-care ability, general won't drag their children, are they usually live in old-folk's homes, by the social attention.Culture of different values in different. The word such as lod, there have been "aged to respect" the Chinese tradition. "Old" in Chinese express the concept of respect, such as ancestor, old man, old man, and so on. "Old zhang", "wang", showing the respect and affection, "old" is a big "if". The Chinese often proud of age. When talking with others, age, the older the qualification, also will get the respect of others. "Ginger is old spicy. In our opinion, the elder not only is the embodiment of the wisdom and also a symbol of prestige. Western countries, however, very few people willing to seniority and self-proclaimed "old". In their view, the "old" is synonymouswith "useless", and "unfashionable" "old and useless" meaning together. British and American people don't like others say his old, not seniority. In western culture, they treat age as an individual is extremely important privacy. Especially women, more taboo asked her age. Even willing to talk about their age, also want others to guess their age, but at this point, the expectations of the real purpose of compliments they look younger than actual age, is how young. And, as the British and American people taboo word mo deep fat, see who had said the fat would frustrating and disgust. When it comes to fatmeat (fat) will be considered worthless the throw away waste. And the Chinese saw children say "fat" and "fat", said to the child's affection, for the adult man said fat has the meaning of "fat", is "full" for adult women speak fat, there is praise and flattery. Daily life work, also often hear people say something is a piece of "fat" or the words of a message is a "nice", the implication is rare things or the location of the most welcome. Chinese people not only do not hate fat, and the praise.The same thing, different cultural figure, opinions vary widely. Chinese people despise the dog, it is "running dogs" "dog" "dog" "heels dog" "a coward" "or" "seeing dogs were low," and so on. In western countries, people appreciate the brave and faithful dog, praise to the dog also common occurance, and compare people to the dog. Such as aluckdog (lucky), loveme, love my dog, love me, love my dog), Every dog has his day. (Everydog has his day). Describe people "very ill" with sickas a t. "Too tired" is a dog - tired. On the contrary, the Chinese are very like cat, people use "ChanMao metaphor" greed, very affectionate composition, and in western culture, "cat" was used to describe "harboring woman".Chinese and western cultural differences in addition to performance in values, customs differences thereof, and living environment, religious beliefs, the different related historical allusion.1, the survival environment:The generation of the language is closely related to people's labor and life. Britain is an island country, seafaring once led the world in history; And the han nationality in the Asian continent life reproduction, people's life cannot leave the land. Metaphor is to spend money to waste, lavishly, English is to spend money like lvater, while Chinese is "money". In English, there are many idioms on the boat and water, in Chinese, not completely the same corresponding idioms, such as to rest on one's OARS (temporary rest a while), to keep one's head above water (struggling to survive), all at sea (head), and so on.In Chinese culture, "dongfeng" is "spring wind", summer often associated with the summer heat, the sun like fire ", "the scorching sun" is often used to describe the summer words. Britain is located in the westernhemisphere, north temperate zone, oceanic climate, news report spring is west wind, famous British poet Shelley's ode to the west wind "is the song of spring. The British summer is the season of warm and pleasant, with "cute" "moderate" connected "good". Shakespeare in his sonnet compare love to summer, shall I compare thee to a summer's day? / Thou art more lovely and more temperate.2, aspects of religious beliefBuddhism was introduced into China has one thousand years of history, people believe in "Buddha" in all around the world, and a lot of language, such as "we" "don't burn incense, spare time cramming", etc. In many western countries, especially in Britain and the United States, people believe in Christianity, related with "God else those who help more (God helps self-help)" Go to hell (hell) such a curse.3, historical allusionsIn Chinese and English two kinds of language has a great number of formed by historical allusion. These idioms simple structure, profound, is often can't from literal meaning to understand and translation. Such as "imitation" and "pecking" bad attitude "and so on. The only weakness in English Achilles' heel (), meet one's Waterloo (lose), Penelope's web (always finish work), a Pandora 's box. (Pandora's box of disaster, the trouble, the root of evil), etc.Due to various reasons, led to such as the many cultural differencesbetween Chinese and western, with the cultural differences andcross-cultural communication barriers. The process of modernization accelerates the spiritual and material circulation of products, to include ethnic groups in a common "global village", intercultural communication become each nation indispensable part in life. If an enterprise want to make their products sell well in the international market, not only need high level of economy and technology, and need to have a thorough understanding of foreign culture, make the product in the packaging design and practical aspects in accordance with the foreign people's psychological needs. In China, such as, "dragon (dragon)" is our spiritual totem, is a symbol of good fortune and power, that prides itself on Chinese also as descendants of the dragon, in western eyes, however, the "dragon", there is no this special emotions, even understand "dragon" as a denial of the terrible monster. If a entrepreneurs don't know much about this, will be decorated with "dragon" products into the international market, just think of this product can stimulate the desire to buy of westerners? Can create high benefit to the enterprise. Therefore, to overcome cultural differences caused by communication barriers has become a common problem faced by the whole world. As a high school English teacher, should pay attention to the teaching of language ability in English teaching, special attention should be paid to developing students' communicative competence in daily teaching, the language of the role of cultural differences in English teaching as an important issue.Chinese and western cultural differences in English learning to middle school students the disturbance of mainly manifested in the following aspects:1, the salutationThe Chinese relatives appellation has a tendency to generalize the use of commonly used in the relatives between: young people say "uncle" "aunt" to your elders; To peers said "big brother" "big sister". But in English, kinship appellation is not widely used in social. If our mother tongue is English elders said "Uncle Smith," "Auntie Brown", the other party will feel is not too sweet. Close connection of English culture, only to use such relatives appellation behind and don't take surname, with only names, such as "Uncle Tom".And as the students know the meaning of the teacher is "teacher", is correspondingly called "teacher Wang", "the teacher Wang". In fact, the teacher is a kind of professional in English; Chinese have the tradition of respect, "teacher" is not only a kind of profession, and become a kind of known to man. Due to the cultural differences, students easy to understand: Wang = the Teacher Wang. In addition, in the Chinese traditionally called "Tang Secretary" "a Nurse called" Secretary Tang, Nurse Zhang,english-speaking people feel incredible sound. In English call people generally use Mr., Miss, Mrs., etc.2, thanks and appreciationGenerally speaking, we Chinese between family members rarely use"thank you". If used, will sound very strange, or is on the relationship between the distance. . In English speaking countries "Thank you" for all occasions, almost all people, even if the parents and children, between brothers and sisters are no exception. Send you a bottle of drink, prepare a dinner table, people would say, "Thank you. The" public whether others help you, you are main "Thank you..." This is at the very least etiquette.English speaking countries, if you want, you don't have to refuse, saying "if Yes, do" don' just say "No, thanks.". It also fully embodies the Chinese implicative and different styles of English national people magnanimous frank.3, praiseIn english-speaking countries, praise is commonly used as primers of conversation. Praise the main content of personal appearance, appearance, new things, personal belongings, personal the great job in some way, etc. Usually praise others only when the appearance of praise her efforts to dress up as a result, instead of her natural beauty. Therefore: praise others hair many, few others beautiful hair. For other people's praise, the most common answer is: Thank you. For example, A: Your skirt looks nice.B: Thank you.4 privacyThe Chinese first met asked about age, marriage, income, more concern, and the english-speaking countries is to compare, think that theseare personal privacy. As in JEFC Book 1 such dialogue in Lesson # 16: "How old are you, Mrs Read?" "Ah, it 's a secret!" Why does Mrs Read refused to tell her age? Because people want to English countries appear energetic in each other's eyes, youth and secretive about their actual age, women in particular. As Chinese said care about "where are you going?" "What are you doing?" In English will be spying on the privacy of others questioned, monitoring the words of others and unpopular.5, say "hello"The Chinese daily say "hello" is used to ask: "did you eat?" If you're like English country people say this, they think you want to please them to dinner, English national people say "hello" usually in the weather, health, traffic, sports and hobbies for topic.6, holidayThe cultural differences in China and english-speaking countries also significantly manifested in the festival. In addition to China andenglish-speaking countries common holiday (such as New Year 's Day), the two sides also each have their own unique festival. China is the Spring Festival, the Dragon Boat Festival, Mid - Autumn Day, etc.,english-speaking countries have "Valentine 's Day (Valentine's Day), its (Easter), April fool' s Day), April fool's Day, Thanks Giving Day (ThanksgivingDay), Christmas Day (Christmas Day), etc. Chinese and western Festival customs is also very different. In the holiday, sent gifts for others, the Chinese tend to decline, behave helplessly accept, accepted generally do not open the face to face. If, jubilant open and face to face can cause" greedy ". In English culture, people send gifts to others, is generally going to open the praise for a face to face, and glad to say thank you.7, cultural connotations of vocabularyEnglish vocabulary in the long-term use of accumulated the rich cultural connotation, so in the teaching must pay attention to the cultural meaning of the English vocabulary, in case the students simply make subjective evaluation from the word itself. The word such as red in english-speaking countries or, in China, red is often associated with celebration or festival days, "red - letter days are there in English (holiday). Especially in China, red symbolizes revolution and socialism and other positive significance, but in "red" in English also means that the risk or make people angry, such as "red flag" (is angry). And when you see business "in the red" in English, don't think that is a profit, on the contrary, is said losses, liabilities.Cultural education in the teaching, the method is varied, teachers should adopt a flexible approach to improve students' sensitivity to the culture, cultivate cultural awareness, so that they can actively, self-study andincorporated into the new culture environment. Such as: strengthen the comparison of Chinese and western cultural differences, Chinese and western culture in the call, greeting language and so on conversation topics and values of permeate teaching automatically. Such as: use of various channels, a variety of means, to absorb and experience the exotic culture. Can collect some articles and pictures of English countries, lets the student understand the foreign art, history and local conditions and customs, etc.All in all, there are many differences between Chinese and western culture, not only pure note language teaching in English teaching, and must strengthen the language culture introducing, attaches great importance to the language cultural difference influence on language. In practice, however, only in this way, can correctly use the language.。

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