北京大学经济学原理作业

经济学原理第一次作业学号院系姓名成绩1. Economic choice and competitive behavior are the result ofa. basic human greed.b. poverty.c. private ownership of resources.d. scarcity.2. Adam Smith argues in the Wealth of Nations that an economy will produce more goods and services ifa. people act in the public interest than if they act selfishly.b. people act selfishly, than if the government directs economic activity.c. the government controls the use of the nation's scarce resources.d. people ignore their own interests and contribute to national wealth as a whole.3. Which one of the following is a positive economic statement?a. An increase in the minimum wage will reduce employment.b. The minimum wage should be raised to reduce poverty.c. Social conscience demands that we increase the minimum wage.d. Thoughtful people oppose an increase in the minimum wage.4. The cost to Air China of letting its employees fly at no chargea. is zero.b. will depend on the value employees place upon travel.c. is greater during the Spring Festival than at most other times.d. depends on the alternatives open to the employees.5. Suppose you are considering going to the movies, and you place a RMB12 value on your anticipated enjoyment of the movie. The ticket price is RMB 6 and you would be giving up two hours of work, where you earn RMB5 per hour. You would go toa. work; the total cost of the movies exceeds the expected benefit.b. the movies; your incentive is the RMB6 excess expected benefit.c. the movies; your enjoyment will exceed the lost wages by RMB2.d. the movies; the benefit of RMB18 exceeds the lost wages.6. Which of the following would most likely increase the demand for peanut butter?a. a decrease in the price of bread, a good that is often used with peanut butterb. a discovery that the average daily consumption of peanut butter decreases one's life spanby 15 yearsc. crop failures that raise the price of peanutsd. a decrease in the price of all substitute protein products7. If an economy is operating at a point just on the production possibilities curve,a. its resources are being wasted.b. the curve will begin to shift inward.c. the curve will begin to shift outward.d. the society is making full use of its resources.Figure 018. Which of the following would most likely cause the production possibilities curve for breadfruitand fish to shift from AA to BB in the above figure (Figure 01)?a. an increase in the labor forceb. choosing more fish and less breadfruitc. choosing more breadfruit and fewer fishd. a decrease in the capital stock9. When a price ceiling is below the equilibrium price,a. quantity demanded will exceed quantity supplied.b. quantity supplied will exceed quantity demanded.c. the market will be in equilibrium.d. This is a trick question because price floors generally exist below the equilibrium price.10. The price of chicken increases as the result of higher pork prices. This indicates thata. chicken and pork are substitutes.b. chicken and pork are complements.c. the market demand for pork is inelastic.d. the market demand for chicken is elastic.11. The demand schedule for a gooda. indicates the market price of the good.b. indicates the quantities of the good that people will buy at various prices, wheneverthose prices prevail in the market.c. illustrates the quantity producers will provide at alternative prices.d. is determined primarily by the cost of producing the good.12. When the price of LV bag rise, more people tend to buy it. Which of the following is correct:a. The law of demand doesn’t work for luxury goods.b. The law of demand still holds because people have expectations that the price will rise inthe future.c. The law of demand still holds because people’s preference for LV bags change as morepeople buy them.d. The law of demand still holds because people’s income change.13. Which of the following would most likely cause the demand for Coca to increase?a. a decrease in consumer income;b.an increase in the price of Pepsic. A scandal that Coca causes cancer;d. a reduction in the price of sugar, which is used to make Coca by the firm.14. An increase in the number of tomato producers willa. increase market supply because the price of tomatoes will rise.b. increase market supply because market demand will increase.c. increase market supply because market supply is the horizontal summation of all curves.d. increase market demand but leave market supply unchanged.15. Which of the following implies that housing prices will rise?a. People expect housing prices will continue to rise in the future.b. People’s income decrease.c. The government relaxes regulations on land use so that price of land decreases.d. Technology of building houses improve.16. Use the table below to choose the correct answer. The table is a schedule of the supply anddemand for coffee.Quantity Demanded Quantity SuppliedPrice per Pound (monthly) (monthly)$0.50 16 0$1.00 10 1$2.00 7 2$4.00 5 2$6.00 3 3$8.00 1 4$10.00 0 5The equilibrium market price of coffee would bea. $2 per pound.b. $4 per pound.c. $6 per pound. d. $8 per pound.17. Which of the following is a factor held constant when deriving a supply curve for pork?a. the price of pig.b. the price of pork.c. the wages of workers who raise pigs.d. both a and c are hold constant.18. Consider a market in equilibrium. Firms who advertise in this market are attempting to shift thea. supply curve to the right.b. supply curve to the left.c. demand curve to the left.d. demand curve to the right.19. Which of the following is most likely to cause a shift in the supply curve to the right?a. The price of the product increases.b. A hurricane destroys the materials used to produce the product.c. New technology reduces the cost of producing the product.d. Consumers expect the price of the product to be higher next year.20.Assuming there will be no shift in the supply or demand curve, what will bring the market intoequilibrium if the demand for a product is too high relative to supply? Price will:a. rise, demand will fall, and supply will rise.b. rise, demand will rise, and supply will fall.c. fall, demand will fall, and supply will rise.d. fall, demand will rise, and supply will fall..21. With respect to resource and product markets, an increase in the price of resource will:a. decrease the demand for the final good.b. increase the demand for the final good.c. decrease the supply for the final good.d. increase the supply for the final good.22. A tax on sales of a good, when compared to the market equilibrium without the tax, will result ina__________ price paid by buyers and a __________ quantity traded.a. higher; lowerb. lower; lowerc. higher; higherd. lower; higher23. The price of good A rises and the demand for good B increases. Goods A and B are:a. cannot be determined.b. substitutes.c. complements.d. inferior goods.24. When weather conditions are good in some year, farmers may not necessarily be happybecause:a. the government usually imposes taxes in this case .b. the demand elasticity for agricultural good is low.c. the supply elasticity for agricultural good is high.d. too few crops will be harvested.25. Compared to sellers, consumers will pay more of the burden of a tax if:a. demand is more elastic than supply.b. supply is more elastic than demand.c. the tax is higher.d. the tax is lower.26. If the demand for Apple cellphone decrease as people’s income rise, this means :a. Apple is a luxury good.b. Apple is a necessityc. Apple is an inferior good.d. Apple is a normal good.27. Suppose that the elasticity of supply of lawn mowers is 1.5. If the price of lawn mowers rises 5 percent, the quantity supplied of lawn mowers woulda. decline 7.5 percent.b. rise 7.5 percent.c. rise 1.5 percent.d. rise 0.3 percent.28. An increase in supply will have the greatest effect on price when the product’s demand curve is: a. elastic. b. inelastic.c. perfectly elastic.d. unitary elastic.29.Consider the demand curve 1100d Q P -=. If price is 2, the elasticity of demand is: a. -1 b. -2 c. -0.5 d. -0.0530. When a market is highly competitive, it means : a. price elasticity is low b. price elasticity is highc. price elasticity doesn’t changed. level of competition does not have anything to do with elasticity..1、经济学中的重要原理之一是理性人要对激励做出反映，请结合老师上课所讲内容和自己的亲身经历，各举一个有关激励可以产生正向作用和负向作用的例子。