全国2013年1月自学考试现代语言学试题
自考语言学概论(2013.1)真题及答案
自考语言学概论（2013.1）真题及答案一单选1.下面关于语言学研究的表述中，正确的一项是A.语言学的研究对象应限定在语言本体内部的结构系统上B.应注意不要忽视对语义的研究C.传统语言学研究指的是目前用传统的观念进行的语言研究D.语言学的理论和方法只在语言学领域内有效,对其他的科学尚没有产生重大的影响正确答案B知识点名称社会语言学、功能语言学、认知语言学等语言学新学派的产生难易程度简单讲解到20世纪50年代，单纯研究语言本体内部的结构系统的路子尽管在分析语言结构的方法论方面取得了重大成就，但是由于过分强调语言的"自主性",企图摆脱语言跟人和社会之间客观存在的千丝万缕的联系，并在不同程度上忽视语义研究，也就越来越显露出自己的局限性。
统计刷题次数:1066 错误率:62%2.关于语言的组合关系，下列说法中不正确的一项是A.组合关系又称句段关系,其实质就是同义词或近义词的组合与替换问题B.我们通常所说的"词类"指的就是一种句法功能类C.语言单位的组合,只能采取线性的序列形式D.在线性语链中,在同一位置上出现的语言单位处在共同的组合关系之中,具有共同的句法功能正确答案A知识点名称组合关系难易程度简单讲解不同长度的语言单位的组合可以称为"句段",所以组合关系也可以称为"句段关系".现在一般认为聚合类是句法功能相同或相近的功能类，词类就是这样一种聚合类或句法功能类。
语言单位在线性语链中总处于一定的位置，能在同一个位置上出现的语言单位处在共同的组合关系之中，具有共同的句法功能。
统计刷题次数:1271 错误率:71%3.一个声音区别于其他声音的基本特征是A.音高B.音强C.音质D.音长正确答案C知识点名称音质难易程度简单讲解音质又叫音色，指声音的个性或特色，它是一个声音区别于其他声音的基本特征。
统计刷题次数:4816 错误率:17%4.关于单纯词、合成词的分类依据，正确表述是A.一个词由几个音节构成B.一个词由几个语素构成C.一个词的音形关系D.一个词的地位用途正确答案B知识点名称根据词的语素数量分类:单纯词,合成词难易程度简单讲解根据词的语素数量分类：单纯词，合成词。
全国自考《语言学概论》试题和答案
全国2013年10月高等教育自学考试 语言学概论试题和答案课程代码：00541请考生按规定用笔将所有试题的答案涂、写在答题纸上。
选择题部分注意事项：1．答题前，考生务必将自己的考试课程名称、姓名、准考证号用黑色字迹的签字笔或钢笔填写在答题纸规定的位置上。
2．每小题选出答案后，用2B 铅笔把答题纸上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。
如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。
不能答在试题卷上。
一、单项选择题（本大题共20小题，每小题1分，共20分）在每小题列出的四个备选项中只有一个是符合题目要求的，请将其选出并将“答题纸”的相应代码涂黑。
错涂、多涂或未涂均无分。
1．首先提出“能指”和“所指”这对概念的语言学家是A ．洪堡特B.索绪尔 C ．乔姆斯基D.萨丕尔 2．语言符号具有可变性的根本原因在于语言符号的 A ．任意性B.强制性 C ．离散性D.系统性 3．下列各组辅音中，发音部位相同的一组是 A.[m ，n]B.[k ，]C.[p ，d]D.[s, ]4．听觉上最自然、最容易分辨的最小语音单位是 A ．音素B.重音 C ．音位 D.音节 5．下列关于“通用语汇”和“专用语汇”的表述，不正确．．．的一项是A ．通用语汇是全社会普遍使用的词语 B.通用语汇包括基本语汇和常用语汇C ．专用语汇主要指科技术语和行业语 D.专用语汇的词语不会进入通用语汇6．构形语素属于A ．虚词语素B.词根语素 C ．自由语素D.黏着语素 7．从词的构造类型上看，汉语“动人”一词属于A ．单纯词B.复合词 C ．派生词 D.简缩词8．“老师鼓励我考大学”是A ．主谓词组B.兼语词组 C ．连动词组D.复句词组 9．下列各项中，谓词和变元之间属于动作与结果关系的是 A ．写黑板B.打篮球 C ．织毛衣D.寄包裹 10．最早的表音文字是A ．拉丁文字B.腓尼基文字 C ．古希腊文字D.古埃及文字 11．传统上把汉字的单纯字符称为A ．偏旁B.笔画 C ．记号D.独体字 12．语法的演变之所以比语汇缓慢，是因为 A ．语法规则比较简单B.语法规则数量较少 C ．语法规则具有强制性 D.语法规则具有抽象性 13．下列关于亲属语言的表述中，不正确．．．的一项是A ．亲属语言是社会完全分化的产物B.亲属语言之间具有历史同源关系 C ．语言亲属关系有亲疏远近的分别D.亲属语言间不存在语音对应关系 14．下列几种社会方言中，具有排他性的一项是 A ．阶级习惯语B.行话 C ．隐语 D.学生腔 15．下列关于“语言规划”的表述中，不正确．．．的一项是A ．语言规划是社会对语言的人为干预 B.语言规划只涉及单纯的语言问题C ．推广普通话属于语言规划的项目D.语言规划可由政府授权的机构实施 16．认为“思维和语言各自发展，二者没有关系”的学者不包括．．． A ．古希腊哲学家柏拉图B.法国哲学家迪卡尔 C ．英国哲学家霍布斯 D.苏联语言学家马尔17．目前对于语言和思维的关系，比较一致的观点是A ．有什么样的思维，就有什么样的语言B.有什么样的语言，就有什么样的思维C ．思维对语言有一定影响，但更重要的是语言决定思维D.语言对思维有一定影响，但更重要的是思维决定语言18．关于语言获得的原因，下列学说中偏重于内部条件解释的一项是A ．天赋说B.摹仿说 C ．强化说 D.刺激反应说19．外语学习中的后期阶段被称为A．中介语阶段 B.目标语阶段C．低平期 D.高原期20．机器翻译可以分为四个层级，从低到高的排序是A．单词、句子、话语、篇章 B.单词、句子、句群、篇章C．单词、句法、语义、语境 D.语音、语法、语义、语用单项选择题答案：1--5：BABDD 6-10：DBBCB11-15：DCDCB 16-20：DDADC二、多项选择题（本大题共5小题，每小题2分，共10分）在每小题列出的五个备选项中至少有两个是符合题目要求的，请将其选出并将“答题纸”的相应代码涂黑。
最新1月全国自考现代语言学试题及答案解析
全国2018 年 1 月自学考试现代语言学试题课程代码：00830I . Directions: Read each of the following statements carefully. Decide which one of the fourchoices best completes the statement and put the letter A, B, C, or D in the brackets.(2% X 10=20% )1. The language behavior of particular persons on particular occasions is determined by manyother factors over and above their linguisticA. systemB. structureC. competenceD. performance2. When we pronounce the long vowels [i:] or [u:], our , which is a bony structure at theend of the windpipe, is in a state of tension. (A. larynxB. hard palateC. glottisD. vocal cords3. The word “ manuscript ” is a two-morpheme cluster which containsA. two rootsB. a root and a prefixC. a root and a suffixD. a root and a free morpheme4. The grammatical knowledge is represented through Phrase Structure Rules, which stateexplicitly all and only the possible combinations of the of a language, for example, in En glish, NP ( Det ) (Adj) N (PP) (S).A. phrasesB. clausesC. sentencesD. constituents5. The view that the meaning of a linguistic form is defined as the “ situation in which the speaker utters it and the response it calls forth in the hearer ” was proposed byA. PlatoB. Ogden and RichardsC. John FirthD. Bloomfield6. According to John Austin's theory of speech act, a(n) act is the change brought about bythe utterance. (A. prelocuti onaryB. locuti onaryC. illocutio naryD. perlocutio nary7. In 1786, Sir William Jones suggested that _____ bore to Greek and Latin a stronger affinitythan could possibly have been produced by accident.( )A. Germa nicB. Persia nD. Lithua nianC. Sa nskrit8. The existence of taboo words and taboo ideas stimulates the creation of euphemism, which shows that a word or phrase not only has a linguistic denotative meaning but also has a .( )A. con ceptual meaningB. conno tative meaningC. cultural meaningD. social meaning9. Dichotic liste ning research tells us a sig nal coming in the left ear will first go to the _____ hemisphere, from where it is tran sferred to the left side of the brain for process ing. ( )A. rightB. leftC. frontD. back10. Studies of the effects of formal in struct ion on sec ond Ian guage acquisiti on suggest that formalin structio n may help lear ners perform some of the followi ng types of tasks except ___ .( ) A. pla nned speech B. writ ingC. casual and spontan eous con versati onD. career-orie nted exam in ati on11. Directions: Fill in the bla nk in each of the follow ing stateme nts with one word, the firstletter of which is already given as a clue. Note that you are to fill in ONE word only, andyou are not allowed to cha nge the letter give n. (1% x 10=10%)11. Double a _____ refers to the property of Ianguage which means Ianguage is composed ofdiscrete units at two levels. At the lower level there is a structure of sounds, which are meanin gless. At the higher level there are morphemes and words, which are meanin gful.12. In the producti on of v ______ , the back of the ton gue is brought into con tact with the softpalate, or velum, e.g., [k] in cat, [g] in get and [ n ] in sting.13. Morphological rules are the rules that gover n which affix can be added to what type ofs ____ to form a new word.14. A sentence is a structurally in depe ndent unit that usually comprises a nu mber of words. Aphrase structure tree diagram assigns a _h ___ structure to sentences.15. The words such as “ pop”meaning a certain sound and “ pop ” meaning popular are inrelati on ship of c ____ homony ms.16. The c ____ view in the discussion of semantics is often considered as the initial effort tostudy meaning in a pragmatic sen se.17. Exte nsive cha nges in rules of morphology have occurred in the history of En glish. En glish haslost most of its i ______ endin gs, by which it is no Ion ger possible to ide ntify the functionalroles of nouns.18. Diglossia describes any stable linguistic situation, in which there exists a strict f ______differe ntiati on betwee n a low-variety or L-variety and a high variety or H-variety.19. The localization of cognitive and perceptual functions in a particular hemisphere of the brainis called l _____ .20. I ____ is the Ianguage that a learner constructs at a given stage of second Ianguageacquisiti on.III. Directions: Judge whether each, of the follow ing stateme nts is true or false. Put a T for true or F for false in the brackets in front of each statement. If you think a statement is false, you must explain why you thi nk so and the n give the correct vers ion. (2% x 10=20%)21. ( ) Accord ing to Hall (1968), la nguage is "the in stituti on whereby huma ns com muni cateand in teract with each other by means of habitually used oral-auditory arbitrary symbols."Most lin guists today accept the view of Ian guage as a set of "habituallyused symbols."22. ( ) Intonation refers to a distinctive pattern of tones over stretch of speech in principleIon ger tha n a word, in other words, whe n pitch, stress and sound len gth are tied to thesentence rather than the word in isolation, they are collectively known as inton ati on. 23. ( ) Suffixes are added to the end of stems, during the process of which they modify themeaning of the origi nal word but usually do not cha nge its part of speech.24. ( ) When we say a sentence has two levels of structure, D-structure and S-structure, wedo not mean that the syntactic representations of these two levels must be different.Since syntactic movement occurs to all sentences, so the representations of the twolevels look different.25. ()“ He has been to New York ” presupposes “ He has been to America” .26. ()John Searle made a distinction between what he called “ constatives” and“ performatives ” .27. ()Regularization of exceptional plural forms of nouns constantly occurs. By analogy tofoe/foes, and dog/dogs, English speakers started saying cows as the plural of cowinstead of the earlier plural kine. This analogical change does not occur when words areborrowed from foreign languages.28. ()The common English address terms are First Name (e.g., John), Last Name (e.g.,Smith), Title + Last Name (e.g., Dr. Green), Title + Title (e.g., Mr. President), Title alone(e.g., Sir) and Kin term (e.g., Dad). And outside of marked settings, between friends,neighbours and colleagues, first names are always preferred.29. ()Thanks to cerebral plasticity, people suffering damage to the left hemisphere are ableto transfer their language centers to the right hemisphere and to reacquire the lostlinguistic skills with relatively little disruption.30. ()The earliest sounds produced by infants can be considered as early languageIV. Directions: Explain the following terms, using one or two examples for illustration, if n ecessary. ( 3% 10=30% )31. design features32. narrow transcription33. bound morphemes34. deep structure35. hyponymy36. commissives37. sound assimilation38. idiolect39. Wernicke's area40. interferenceV. Directions: Answer the following questions.(10% 1=20% )41. Please illustrate the syntactic and semantic features of compounds in English language withexamples.42. Please explicate how language and thought develop and blend each other in order to understandthe relationship between language and thought.。
现代语言学自考题-5
现代语言学自考题-5(总分：100.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、{{B}}PART ONE{{/B}}(总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、{{B}}Ⅰ{{/B}}(总题数：10，分数：20.00)1.______ answers such question that how we as infants acquire our first language.∙ A. Psycholinguistics∙ B. Applied linguistics∙ C. Sociolinguistics∙ D. Anthropological linguistics（分数：2.00）A. √B.C.D.解析：[解析] 心理语言学研究的是语言和心理的相互关系。
它重点解决以下问题：人类运用语言时的心理过程是怎样的，我们小时候是怎样习得母语的，交际过程中我们是用什么方式来识记并加工我们所接收到的信息的。
2.In linguistics, ______ is focused on that how a speaker uses his speech organs to articulate the sounds.∙ A. acoustic phonetics∙ B. articulatory phonetics∙ C. auditory phonetics∙ D. none of the above（分数：2.00）A.B. √C.D.解析：[解析] 语音学从三个既相互区别又相互联系的角度来审视语音现象。
其中，从说话者的角度来研究语音，即说话者是怎样利用他们的发音器官发出声音来的，叫做发音语音学。
3.A theory of grammar must provide a complete characterization of linguistic ______ that speakers implicitly consider well-formed, or grammatical sequences.∙ A. speeches∙ B. utterances∙ C. events∙ D. sentences（分数：2.00）A.B. √C.D.解析：[解析] 句法规则在所有人类语言中都普遍存在，这些规则包括讲某种语言的人内在的语言知识体系，这种语言知识体系被称作语言能力。
现代语言学自考题-27
现代语言学自考题-27(总分：58.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、(总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、{{B}}Ⅰ.Directions:Judge whether each of the following statements is true or false{{/B}}(总题数：28，分数：28.00)1.From the sociolinguistic perspective, a speech variety is no more than a dialectal variety ofa language.（分数：1.00）A.正确√B.错误解析：[解析] 从社会语言学的角度来看，一种言语变体无非是一种语言的方言变体而已。
2.When people of a community speak the same language for different purposes, sociolinguistic situations known as diglossia and bilingualism emerge.（分数：1.00）A.正确B.错误√解析：[解析] 当一个社区的人们因为不同的目的使用两种不同的地域或国家方言的时候，就会出现双言和双语之类的社会语言现象。
改正：When people of a community speak two different regional or national dialects for different purposes, sociolinguistic situations known as diglossia and bilingualism emerge.3.In Black English, when the verb is negated, the indefinite pronouns something, somebody, and some become the negative indefinites nothing, nobody, and none, as in: He don't know nothing. He don't like nobody. He don't got none.（分数：1.00）A.正确√B.错误解析：[解析] 黑人英语中一个经常遭到抨击的方面就是其中的双重否定结构。
现代语言学自考题-14_真题(含答案与解析)-交互
现代语言学自考题-14(总分90, 做题时间90分钟)Ⅰ.Fill in each of the following blanks with one word which begins with the letter given.1.Consonant sounds can be either voiced or voiceless, while all vowel sounds are v______.SSS_FILL分值: 2.5答案:voiced[解析] 辅音要不就是清音要不就是浊音，而所有的元音都是浊音。
2.Of all the speech organs, the t______ is the most flexible, and is responsible for more varieties of articulation than any other.SSS_FILL分值: 2.5答案:tongue[解析] 在所有口腔的器官中，舌头是最灵活的，它比其他任何发声器官在发音变化中所起的作用都要大。
3.To satisfy the needs of the phoneticians in the study of speech sounds, a set of symbols called d______ are added to broad transcription to show the more subtle differences between similar sounds.SSS_FILL分值: 2.5答案:diacritics[解析] 鉴于人类所发出的语音经常会在特别细微的方面有所不同，国际音标向其使用者提供了一套叫做“变音符号”的附加符号，它们附加在字母上面作为字母标音方法的补充，以标示仅靠字母本身所不能解决的那些微妙的语音差别。
因此，我们现在有了两套标示语音的方法。
最新1月全国自考现代语言学试题及答案解析
全国2018年1月自学考试现代语言学试题课程代码：00830I . Directions: Read each of the following statements carefully. Decide which one of the fourchoices best completes the statement and put the letter A, B, C, or D in the brackets.( 2% ×10=20% )1. The language behavior of particular persons on particular occasions is determined by many other factors over and above their linguistic ______. ( )A. systemB. structureC. competenceD. performance2. When we pronounce the long vowels [i:] or [u:], our ______, which is a bony structure at theend of the windpipe, is in a state of tension. ( )A. larynxB. hard palateC. glottisD. vocal cords3. The word “manuscript”is a two-morpheme cluster which contains ______. ( )A. two rootsB. a root and a prefixC. a root and a suffixD. a root and a free morpheme4. The grammatical knowledge is represented through Phrase Structure Rules, which stateexplicitly all and only the possible combinations of the ______ of a language, for example, in English, NP → ( Det ) (Adj) N (PP) (S). ( )A. phrasesB. clausesC. sentencesD. constituents5. The view that the meaning of a linguistic form is defined as the “situation in which the speaker utters it and the response it calls forth in the hearer”was proposed by ______. ( )A. PlatoB. Ogden and RichardsC. John FirthD. Bloomfield6. According to John Austin's theory of speech act, a(n) ______ act is the change brought about by the utterance. ( )1A. prelocutionaryB. locutionaryC. illocutionaryD. perlocutionary7. In 1786, Sir William Jones suggested that ______ bore to Greek and Latin a stronger affinity than could possibly have been produced by accident.（）A. GermanicB. PersianC. SanskritD. Lithuanian8. The existence of taboo words and taboo ideas stimulates the creation of euphemism, which shows that a word or phrase not only has a linguistic denotative meaning but also has a ______.( )A. conceptual meaningB. connotative meaningC. cultural meaningD. social meaning9. Dichotic listening research tells us a signal coming in the left ear will first go to the ______ hemisphere, from where it is transferred to the left side of the brain for processing. （）A. right B. leftC. frontD. back10. Studies of the effects of formal instruction on second language acquisition suggest that formalinstruction may help learners perform some of the following types of tasks except ______.( ) A. planned speech B. writingC. casual and spontaneous conversationD. career-oriented examinationII. Directions: Fill in the blank in each of the following statements with one word, the first letter of which is already given as a clue. Note that you are to fill in ONE word only, and you are not allowed to change the letter given. (1% ×10=10%)11. Double a refers to the property of language which means language is composed ofdiscrete units at two levels. At the lower level there is a structure of sounds, which are meaningless. At the higher level there are morphemes and words, which are meaningful.12. In the production of v , the back of the tongue is brought into contact with the softpalate, or velum, e.g., [k] in cat, [g] in get and [η] in sting.13. Morphological rules are the rules that govern which affix can be added to what type ofs to form a new word.214. A sentence is a structurally independent unit that usually comprises a number of words. Aphrase structure tree diagram assigns a h structure to sentences.15. The words such as “pop”meaning a certain sound and “pop”meaning popular are inrelationship of c homonyms.16. The c view in the discussion of semantics is often considered as the initial effort tostudy meaning in a pragmatic sense.17. Extensive changes in rules of morphology have occurred in the history of English. English haslost most of its i endings, by which it is no longer possible to identify the functional roles of nouns.18. Diglossia describes any stable linguistic situation, in which there exists a strict fdifferentiation between a low-variety or L-variety and a high variety or H-variety.19. The localization of cognitive and perceptual functions in a particular hemisphere of the brainis called l .20. I is the language that a learner constructs at a given stage of second languageacquisition.III. Directions: Judge whether each, of the following statements is true or false. Put a T for true or F for false in the brackets in front of each statement. If you think a statement is false, you must explain why you think so and then give the correct version. （2% ×10=20%)21.（）According to Hall (1968), language is "the institution whereby humans communicateand interact with each other by means of habitually used oral-auditory arbitrarysymbols." Most linguists today accept the view of language as a set of "habituallyused symbols."22.（）Intonation refers to a distinctive pattern of tones over stretch of speech in principlelonger than a word, in other words, when pitch, stress and sound length are tied tothe sentence rather than the word in isolation, they are collectively known asintonation.23.（）Suffixes are added to the end of stems, during the process of which they modify themeaning of the original word but usually do not change its part of speech.24.（）When we say a sentence has two levels of structure, D-structure and S-structure, we3do not mean that the syntactic representations of these two levels must be different.Since syntactic movement occurs to all sentences, so the representations of the twolevels look different.25.（）“He has been to New York”presupposes “He has been to America”.26.（）John Searle made a distinction between what he called “constatives”and“performatives”.27.（）Regularization of exceptional plural forms of nouns constantly occurs. By analogy tofoe/foes, and dog/dogs, English speakers started saying cows as the plural of cowinstead of the earlier plural kine. This analogical change does not occur when wordsare borrowed from foreign languages.28.（）The common English address terms are First Name (e.g., John), Last Name (e.g.,Smith), Title + Last Name (e.g., Dr. Green), Title + Title (e.g., Mr. President), Titlealone (e.g., Sir) and Kin term (e.g., Dad). And outside of marked settings, betweenfriends, neighbours and colleagues, first names are always preferred.29.（）Thanks to cerebral plasticity, people suffering damage to the left hemisphere are ableto transfer their language centers to the right hemisphere and to reacquire the lostlinguistic skills with relatively little disruption.30.（）The earliest sounds produced by infants can be considered as early language IV. Directions: Explain the following terms, using one or two examples for illustration, if necessary. ( 3% × 10=30% )31. design features32. narrow transcription33. bound morphemes34. deep structure35. hyponymy36. commissives37. sound assimilation38. idiolect39. Wernicke's area40. interference4V. Directions: Answer the following questions.( 10% ×2=20% )41. Please illustrate the syntactic and semantic features of compounds in English language withexamples.42. Please explicate how language and thought develop and blend each other in order tounderstand the relationship between language and thought.5。
全国自考00794综合英语（一）2013年1月份真题及答案
全国⾃考00794综合英语（⼀）2013年1⽉份真题及答案2013年1⽉⾼等教育⾃学考试全国统⼀命题考试综合英语(⼀) 试题课程代码：00794考⽣答题注意事项：1.本卷所有试卷必须在答题卡上作答。
答在试卷和草稿纸上的⽆效。
2.第⼀部分为选择题。
必须对应试卷上的题号使⽤2B铅笔将“答题卡”的相应代码涂⿊。
3.第⼆部分为⾮选择题。
必须注明⼤、⼩题号，使⽤0.5毫⽶⿊⾊字迹笔作答。
4.合理安排答题空间，超出答题区域⽆效。
选择题部分I．语法和词汇。
从A、B、C、D四个选项中选出⼀个最佳答案，并在“答题纸”上将所选答案的字母涂⿊。
错涂、多涂或未涂均⽆分。
（本⼤题共20⼩题，每⼩题1分，共20分）1. After he gave a report about the school, Mr Wang _______ the visitors around it.A. went on to showB. went on showingC. went on with showingD. kept on showing2.--What is the model plane look like? --Well, the wings of the plane are ____of its body.A. more than the length twiceB. twice more than the lengthC. more than twice the lengthD. more twice than the length3. It’s too late to go out now._____, it’s starting to rain.A. BesidesB. MeanwhileC. HoweverD.Anyhow4. Old as the car is, ___ it works quite well.A. andB. yetC. soD. however5. “________of them are not here.” means “____of them are not here.”C. Both; NeitherD. All; Both6. The college entrance examination is coming; the students are ____ it.A. preparingB. prepared forC. preparedD. preparing for7. While ____ in the room, we were all very excited.A. waitedB. waitingC. to waitD. wait8. -- “Are you _______from America?”-- “No, neither of us.”A. eachB. bothC. allD. neither9. She asked ______ we were getting on well with our work.A. howB. ifC. whatD. that10.As ____ matter of fact, there was ____ exploration in _____ last house I visited.A. a, an, theB. the, an, aC. a, the, theD. the, a, a11. -- The boy is tall enough ___ his age. --Yes, I was much _____ when I was his age.A. to; shorterB. at; tallerC. at; shorterD. for; shorter12. The food tastes _____ and sells _____.13. Jack is a good friend ______; he often comes to our home for a visit.A. of my fatherB. of my father’sC. for my fatherD. with my father14. Why not trust and use David? He is still as strong as_____ in the team.A. somebody elseB. everybody elseC. anybody elseD. nobody else15.In our country every boy and every girl ____ the right to education.A. hasB. haveC. isD. are16.The boy said he wouldn’teat _____.A. any longerB. no longerC. any moreD. no more17.My sister is very keen _____ art.A. atB. onC. inD. for18. It hasn’trained for a month. The garden needs ____.A. waterB. to waterC. to be wateringD. watering19.He’s been _____a new project which has to be finished by the end of next year.20. Nobody should be deprived _____ the right to education.A. fromB. ofC. awayD. offII．阅读理解。
自学考试《现代语言学》自测试题带答案
自学考试《现代语言学》自测试题带答案自学考试《现代语言学》自测试题带答案Ⅰ.Multiple ChoiceDirections:Read each of the following statements carefully. Decide which one of the four choices best pletes the statement and put the letter A,B,C or D in the brackets.(2%×10=20%)1.The famous ation from Shakespeare’s play “Romeo and Juliet”: “A rose by any other name would smell as sweet” well illustrates _______.( )A.the conventional nature of languageB.the creative nature of languageC.the universality of languageD.the big difference between human language and animal munication2.Of the following sound binations， only _______ is permissible according to the sequential rules in English.( ) A.kibl B.bkil C.ilkb D.ilbk3.The sentence that has a NP and a VP can be shown in a _______ formula “S→NP VP”。
( )A.hierarchicalB.linearC.tree diagramD.vertical4.It is the _______ on Case assig____ent that states that a Case assignor and a Case recipient should stay adjacent to each other.( )A.Case ConditionB.parameterC.Adjacent ConditionD.Adjacent Parameter5.Predication analysis is a way to analyze _______ meaning.A.phonemeB.wordC.phraseD.sentence6.According to Searle，those illocutionary acts whose point is to mit the speaker to some future course of action are called _______.( )A.misivesB.directivesC.expressivesD.declaratives7.The term _______ linguistics may be defined as a way of referring to the approach which studies language change over various periods of time and at various historical stages.A.synchronicB.diachronicC.parativeD.historical parativeA.vocal thoughtB.subvocal thoughtC.covert thoughtD.overt thought10.Whcih of the following best states the behaviorist view of child language acquisition_______.( )nguage acquisition is a process of habit formationnguage acquisition is the species-specific property of human beingsC.Children are born with an innate ability to acquire languageD.Humans are equipped with the neuralprerequisites for language and language useⅡ.Blank FillingDirections:Fill in the blank in each of the following statements with one word,the first letter of which is already given as a clue.Note that you are to fill in ONE word only,and you are not allowed to change the letter given.(1%×10=10%)11.In the course of time， the study of language has e to establish close links with other branches of s________ studies， such as sociology and psychology.12.Clear [1] and dark[]are allophones of the same one phoneme /1/.They never take the same position in sound binations， thus they are said to be inc________ distribution.13.A r________ is often seen as part of a word，but it can never stand by itself although it bears clear， definite meaning. 14.A c________ sentence contains two or more clauses， one of which is incorporated in the other.Ⅲ.True of False questionDirections: Judge whether each of the following statements is true or false. Put a T for true or F for false in the brackets in front of each statement. I (2%×10=20%)21.In the history of any language the writing system always came into being before the spoken form.( )22.In English， long vowels are also tense vowels because when we pronounce a long vowel suchas/i：/，the larynx is in a state of tension.( )23.A pound is the bination of only two words.( )24.“The student” in the sentence “Thestuden t liked the linguistic lecture.”，and “The linguistic lecture” in the sentence “The linguistic lecture liked the student.”belong to the same syntactic category.( )25.Linguistic forms having the same sense may have different references in different situations while linguistic forms with the same reference always have the same sense.( )26.An important difference between presupposition and entailment is that presupposition，unlike entailment，is not vulnerable to negation. That is to say, if a sentence is negated, the original presupposition is still true.( )27.The division of English into Old English，Middle English， and Modern English is nonconventional and not arbitrary.( )nguage reflects sexism in society. Language itself is not sexist， just as it is not obscene; but it can connote sexist attitudes as wellas attitudes about social taboos or racism.( )29.If a child is deprived of linguisticenviro____ent， he or she is unlikely to learn a language successfully later on.( )30.When children learn to distinguish between the sounds of their language and the sounds that are not part of the language， they can acquire any sounds in their native language once their parents teach them.Ⅳ.DefinitionDirections: Explain the following terms, using one or two exles if necessary.(3%×10=30%)31.cultural transmission (as a design feature of human language)32.phonic medium of language33.voicing 34.inflectional morphemesn35.reference36.locutionary act 37.protolanguage 38.ethnic dialect 39.registers 40.acculturationⅤ.Answer the following questions.(10%×2=20%)41.Why do we say tree diagrams are more advantageous and informative than linear structure in analyzing the constituent relationship amonglinguistic elements Support your statement with exles.42.Describe the process of language perception，prehension and production.参考答案一、单项选择题(本大题共10小题，每题2分，共20分)1.A2.A3.B4.C5.D6.A7.B8.C9.D 10.A二、填空题(本大题共10小题，每题1分，共10分)11.social12.plementary13.root14.plex15.plementary1 6.utterance17.metathesis18.bilingualismteralization 20.transfer三、判断题(本大题共10小题，每题2分，共20分)21.F 22.T 23.F 24.T 25.F 26.T 27.F 28.T 29.T 30 F四、名词解释题(本大题共10小题，每题3分，共30分)31.One of the major defining features of human language. Humans are born with the ability to acquire a language， but different from animals， the actual use of human language is not geically transmitted，rather it is culturally transmitted， i.e.it has to be taught and learnt.32.The limited range of sounds that are used in human language munication， i.e.the speech sounds. Voicing is a phoic feature of some sounds. It is caused by the vibration of the vocal cords.34.Inflectional morphemes are morphemes that are used to indicate the grammatrcal relations and categories，such as-ed，-(e)s ，-est in English.35.Reference is what a linguistic form refers toin the real world; it is a matter of the relationship between the form and the reality. For exle ，if we say，“The dog is barking，” we must be talking about a certain dog known to both the speaker and the hearer in the situation. The actual dog the word “dog” refers to in this particular situation is the reference of the word “dog”。
自考语言学概论考试试题及答案2011.1-2013.1
2011年1月语言学概论试题一、单项选择题（本大题共20小题，每小题1分，共20分）1.转换生成语言学的奠基人是著名语言学家( )A.赵元任B.乔姆斯基C.海德格尔D.萨丕尔2.舌面的元音中，“后高圆唇元音”是( )A.[a]B.[e]C.[i]D.[u]3.从已知最古老的文字来看，最初的字符都是( )A.表意的B.表音的C.表音兼表意的D.既不表音又不表意的4.“他在看书”中“书”可以换成“电影”“球赛”，“书”和“电影”“球赛”之间的关系是A.组合关系B.聚合关系C.亲属关系D.句段关系5.人的大脑语言功能的临界期现在一般认为大约是( )A.5—6岁B.7—8岁C.9—10岁D.12—13岁6.“瑞雪兆丰年”“背靠大树好乘凉”属于( )A.谚语B.成语C.歇后语D.专有词语7.造成北京“女国音”现象的主要社会因素是( )A.宗教信仰不同B.职业不同C.文化程度不同D.性别不同8.在民族接触和融合过程中，一个民族的全部或部分成员放弃使用本民族语言而改说另一民族的语言，这种现象叫( )A.语言磨合B.语言转用C.语言混合D.语言渗透9.研究语言学和信息处理的学科属于( )A.社会语言学B.文化语言学C.应用语言学D.本体语言学10.标写语音的书面符号叫( )A.音素B.音位C.音标D.音读11.下面的词中，属于派生词的是( )A.教师B.儿子C.阿姨D.司机12.儿童语言获得过程中体现其具有初步语法能力的阶段是( )A.双语阶段B.非自控阶段C.双词阶段D.混同阶段13.语音本质上是( )A.物理现象B.生理现象C.心理现象D.社会现象14.下面各词中，属于意译词的是( )A.电话B.麦克风C.尼龙D.吉普15.汉语音节wéi有( )A.一个音素B.两个音素C.三个音素D.四个音素16.下面的动宾词组中，表达动作与工具关系的是( )A.吃苹果B.写文章C.写毛笔D.抬桌子17，“他给我一本书”中，充当受事语义角色的是( )A.他B.给C.我D.一本书18.下面的发音器官中，属于主动发音器官的是( )A.上齿B.双唇C.硬腭D.齿龈19.从音义关系来看，英语中的“right”和“write”是一组( )A.同音词B.同义词C.同根词D.同源词20.英语、意大利语、古梵语都来自于( )A.原始印欧语B.原始汉藏语C.古阿尔泰语D.古南岛语二、多项选择题（本大题共5小题，每小题2分，共10分）21.导致语言发展演变的原因有( )A.社会进步B.社会分化C.社会统一D.社会接触E.语言系统内部要素影响22.下面各项中，属于汉语／a／音位的变体有( )A.[a]B.[A]C.[o]D.[i]E.[a]23.下面各地点方言中，属于汉语北方方言的有( )A.上海话B.武汉话C.成都话D.福州话E.广州话24.下面语素中在现代汉语里能够独立成词的有( )A.械B.吗C.笔D.阿E.他25.下面各项中，属于语法单位的有( )A.音素B.语素C.词D.词组E.音节三、名词解释题（本大题共4小题，每小题3分，共12分）26.语言获得27.双语现象28.借词29.词组四、判断分析题（本大题共4小题，每小题5分，共20分），并简述理由。
自考《语言学概论》历年真题整理2015-2008
名词解释（2014.4）三、名词解释题（本大题共4小题，每小题3分，共12分）26.语言迁移27.双语现象28.亲属语言29.词形变化（2013.10）三、名词解释题，每一名词解释都须举例。
26．调位27．语法意义28．自源文字29．语音合成（2013，1）三、名词解释题（本大题共4小题，每小题3分，共12分）26．句子27．异化28．词尾29．语素（2012.10）三、名词解释题(本大题共4小题，每小题4分，共16分)每一名词解释都须举例。
26．声韵调分析法27．词法28．失语症29．汉字编码（2012.1）三、名词解释题(本大题共4小题，每小题3分，共12分)26.语音对应关系27.同化28.语言转用29.词（2011.10）三、名词解释题，每一名词解释都须举例。
26．区别特征27．语法手段28．意符29．机器翻译（2011.1）三、名词解释题（本大题共4小题，每小题3分，共12分）26.语言获得27.双语现象28.借词29.词组（2010.10）三、名词解释题(每一名词解释都须举例。
26.元辅音分析法27.语法形式28.义项29.外语教学的听说法（2010.1）三、名词解释题（本大题共4小题，每小题3分，共12分）26.语言迁移27．音位28．书面语29．国际音标（2009，10）三、名词解释题(本大题共4小题，每小题4分，共16分) 每一名词解释都须举例。
26．重位27．音符28.儿童语言获得的“天赋说”29.语言迁移（2009，1）三、名词解释题（本大题共4小题，每小题3分，共12分）26．口语27．仿译词28．语言符号的强制性29．语气意义2008，10）三、名词解释题（本大题共4小题，每小题4分，共16分）每一名词解释都须举例。
26．音位变体27．语法手段28．语音对应关系29．中介语2008，1）三、名词解释题(本大题共4小题，每小题3分，共12分)26.克里奥耳语27.借词28.音节29.词的语体色彩简答题五、简答题（本大题共3小题，每小题6分，共18分）34.简述儿童语言获得的过程。
2013中文接本1304现代汉语1(A)试卷及答案
2013—2014学年度第1学期 中文接本1304 专业现代汉语 试卷（A ）卷一、 单项选择题（将选出的正确的选项号填在下面的表格内，每个1分，共30分）A 、广州话B 、梅县话C 、建瓯话D 、福州话 2、下列四个普通话元音中，嘴唇的形状和其它元音不同的是（ ） A 、i B 、e C 、u D 、a3、下列普通话声母中，发音方法完全相同的一组是（ ） A 、m ——n ——l B 、zh ——ch ——sh C 、b ——d ——ɡ D 、j ——q ——x4、“翘舌音”是指（ ）A 、舌面音B 、舌跟音C 、舌尖前音D 、舌尖后音 5、下列几组汉字中都是开口呼韵母的一组是（ ） A 、市、而、澳 B 、药、老、赵 C 、卡、元、内 D 、美、灭、我6、下列每个成语中都包含两个中响复韵母的一组是（ ）。
A 、精神抖擞、高潮迭起 B 、虚无飘渺、回味无穷 C 、巧夺天工、随机应变 D 、洋相百出、小鸟依人7、汉语拼音的音节中，韵头都由（ ）充当装 订 线A、单元音B、a、o、eC、o、i、uD、i、u、ü8、调类依次是去声、上声、阳平、阴平的是（）A、千言万语B、袖手旁观C、五光十色D、花红柳绿9、两个上声连读时，前一个上声要读为（）A、近于阳平B、半上C、还是上声D、阴平10、下列汉字中，不是合体字的是（）A、秉B、串C、赤D、重11、下列关于汉字的说法中不正确的一项是（）A、汉字基本上是一种表意的文字B、每个汉字都代表了一个语素C、汉字中一个音节对应两个汉字的只限于儿化音节D、汉字不实行分词连写12、下列汉字都是象形字的有（）A、鱼、灭、羊B、手、马、立C、大、甘、耳D、苗、寒、木13、下列成语中，没有错别字的一组是（）A、妄费心机、踌躇满志B、相形见拙、狐假虎威C、为虎作伥、铤而走险D、走头无路、异想天开14、下列语素中是成词语素但不是自由语素的是（）A、我B、美C、呢D、祖15、下列词中，不是单纯词的是（）A、窈窕B、逍遥C、踌躇D、想象16、“酸溜溜”是（）A、词组B、派生词C、偏正式复合词D、补充式复合词17、下列成语的构造与众不同的一个是（）A、老奸巨猾B、喜怒哀乐C、颠沛流离D、魑魅魍魉18、“猛兽”和“老虎”两个词属于（）A、上下位词B、类义词C、关系词D、语义场19、“脑袋”和“头颅”之间的差异是（）A、感情色彩B、语体色彩C、语义轻重D、范围大小20、《现代汉语词典》解释“鼻烟”是“由鼻孔吸入的粉末状的烟”，这是释义法中的（）A、定义释义法B、互训释义法C、描写释义法D、概括释义法21、“不要老迟到”中的“老”一词的意义是。
全国自考(现代语言学)模拟试卷3(题后含答案及解析)_0
全国自考（现代语言学）模拟试卷3(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. 单项选择题 2. 填空题 3. 判断题 4. 名词解释 5. 论述题单项选择题1．________ studies how sounds are put together to convey meaning in communication．( )A．PhonologyB．MorphologyC．LexicologyD．Phonetics正确答案：A解析：本题主要考查音位学的定义。
音位学研究的是语音是怎样结合在一起在交流中传达意义的。
2．The tone，defined as pitch variation，is an important suprasegmental feature of tone languages such as ________．( )A．ChineseB．EnglishC．Chinese and EnglishD．English and French正确答案：A解析：本题主要考查声调及其作用。
声调是音高的变化。
声调在声调语言如汉语中是一个非常重要的超切分特征。
3．________ represents the basis for the meaning of a sentence，although it is not supposed to provide the full meaning of a sentence．( )A．Surface structureB．Phrase structureC．Transformational structureD．Deep structure正确答案：D解析：本题主要考查深层结构的功能。
尽管深层结构并不能表明一个句子的全意，但它却是一个句子意义的基础。
4．If two lexical terms consist of the same components，they are ________．( )A．homonymousB．synonymousC．hyponymousD．antonymous正确答案：B解析：本题主要考查同义关系的内涵。
2013年1月全国高等教育自学考试语言学概论试题及答案
绝密★考试结束前全国2013年1月高等教育自学考试语言学概论试题课程代码：00541请考生按规定用笔将所有试题的答案涂、写在答题纸上。
选择题部分注意事项：1. 答题前，考生务必将自己的考试课程名称、姓名、准考证号用黑色字迹的签字笔或钢笔填写在答题纸规定的位置上。
2. 每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题纸上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。
如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。
不能答在试题卷上。
一、单项选择题（本大题共20小题，每小题1分，共20分）在每小题列出的四个备选项中只有一个是符合题目要求的，请将其选出并将答题纸”的相应代码涂黑。
错涂、多涂或未涂均无分。
1 •楔形文子的创造者疋A.玛雅人B.腓尼基人C.苏美尔人D.古埃及人2 •央语单词worker中er[?]的作用H.是A.改变词形B.构成新词C.改变词的色彩D.改变词的文化意义3 .语言疋种A.自然现象B.生理现象C.社会现象D.个人现象4 .走老路”是个A•专有名词B•俗语C.惯用语D.凝固语5.标志着儿里进入真正语B阶段的疋A.非自控阶段B.模糊语阶段C.单词阶段D.双词语阶段6・舌面兀音中的后咼圆唇兀音疋A. [ u：B. [ y：C. : 0]D. : i：7 •根据词的使用范闱可以护词分成B.专用语汇和通用语汇 D.方言语汇和外来语汇A.基本语汇和一般语汇 C.常用语汇和非常用语汇 &与武汉话同属一个方言区的是 A.长沙话B.成都话C.南昌话D.广州话9•下面的动宾词组中，动词和名词的语义矢系与其他三个不同 的是A.织毛衣B.造汽车C.挖山洞D.吃筷子10•下面各项中用屈折手段改变词的语法形式的是A. build/builtB. book/booksC. am/ isD. go/went 11 •下面语素中属于成词语素的是 A.企B.笔C.民12.地铁”、高考”属于D. 一滋滋 A.基本语 B.专用语 C.成语D •简缩词语13•下面各项中与其他3项不属同一语义场的是A.伯伯 B 侗学 C.姐姐D.妈妈14 .下面的词中属于复合词的是A.奶油B.骆驼C.可口可乐D.犹豫15 •下面各项用以解释儿童获得语言原因和条件的 再虽化说 B.感叹说 C.摹声说D.手势说16.葡萄、喇嘛、沙发”等词语都是汉语的A.方言词B.常用词C.基本词D.外来词 17.萨丕尔一沃尔夫假说”的主要观点是A.语言源自神授B.思维决定语言C.语言能力的先天性D.语言决定思维 C.古梵语 D.马来语19.写文章”中的文章”属于语义角色类型中的A.工具B施事D•结果C.受事20.语言间亲属尖系的重要标志是A.语义对应矢系B.词汇对应矢系C.语法对应矢系D.语音对应矢系二、多项选择题（本大题共5小题，每小题2分，共10分）在每小题列出的五个备选项中至少有两个是符合题目要求的，请将其选出并将答题纸”的相应代码涂黑。
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
全国2013年1月自学考试现代语言学试题课程代码：00830请考生按规定用笔将所有试题的答案涂、写在答题纸上。
选择题部分注意事项：1.答题前，考生务必将自己的考试课程名称、姓名、准考证号用黑色字迹的签字笔或钢笔填写在答题纸规定的位置上。
2.每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题纸上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。
如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。
不能答在试题卷上。
Ⅰ. Directions： Read each of the following statements carefully. Decide which one of the four choices best completes the statement and blacken the corresponding letter A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (2%×10=20%)1. Which of the following does NOT account for the fact that modern linguistics gives priority to the spoken form of language?A. Speech precedes writing.B. There are still many languages that have only the spoken form.C. People were encouraged to imitate the “best authors” for language usage.D. The spoken is used for a wider range of purposes than the written.2. In terms of manner of articulation, the English consonants ［s］and ［z］are classified as ______.A. liquidsB. affricatesC. stopsD. fricatives3. Which of the following words has four morphemes?A. Undoubtedly.B. Instrument.C. Astonishing.D. Thermometer.4. The word very in the phrase “very curious of the answer” is a ______ in terms of X-bar schema.A. specifierB. head1 全国2013年1月自学考试现代语言学试题C. complementD. determiner5. According to the way synonyms differ, which group of synonyms do “lift” and “elevator” illustrate?A. Dialectal synonyms.B. Stylistic synonyms.C. Collocational synonyms.D. Semantically different synonyms.6. In the following dialogue between a student and a teacher, which maxim under CP is violated when the conversational implicature occurs?Student：New Y ork is in New Zealand, isn’t it, Mr. Smith?Teacher：And Rome is in Romania, I suppose.A. Quantity.B. Quality.C. Relation.D. Manner.7. All the following items except ______ are major sound changes English has undergone in its long historical development.A. apocopeB. aspirationC. epenthesisD. metathesis8. ______ variation in a person’s speech, or writing, usually ranges on a continuum from casual or colloquial to formal or polite according to the type of communicative situation.A. RegionalB. SocialC. StylisticD. Idiolectal9. Stimuli heard in the left ear are reported less accurately than those heard in the right ear. This phenomenon is called as the______.A. brain lateralizationB. linguistic lateralizationC. cerebral plasticityD. right ear advantage10. A child acquires his or her mother tongue in a sequence of identifiable stages：______ , one-word, two-word and multiword during a very specific maturational period of human development.A. cryingB. babblingC. holophrasticD. telegraphic2 全国2013年1月自学考试现代语言学试题非选择题部分注意事项：用黑色字迹的签字笔或钢笔将答案写在答题纸上，不能答在试题卷上。
Ⅱ. Directions： Fill in the blank in each of the following statements with one word, the first letter of which is already given as a clue. Note that you are to fill in ONE word only, and you are not allowed to change the letter given.(1%×10=10%)11. Linguistics is generally defined as the scientific study of language. The word “study” does not mean “learn” but “i ______ ” or “examine.”12. The speech sounds we use when speaking a language are called p ______ medium of language.13. A stem refers to the existing form to which a derivational affix can be added, and it can be ab ______ root, a free morpheme, or a derived form itself.14. The phrase structure rules can generate an infinite number of sentences, and sentences with infinite length due to their r ______ properties.15. In predication analysis, an a ______ is a logical partic ipant in a predication, largely identical with the nominal element(s) in a sentence.16. While traditional semantics mainly studies meanings in isolation, pragmatics focuses on meanings in c______.17. Linguistic change occurs in all components of the grammar, including changes in the sound, morphological, s ______ , lexical, and semantic systems.18. A linguistic t ______ refers to a word or expression that is prohibited by the “polite” society from general use.19. The right hemisphere of human brain processes stimuli more h ______ and the left one more analytically.20. In SLA, many actual errors, such as “goed” and “womans,” are attributable to o______ instead of negative transfer.Ⅲ. Directions： Judge whether each of the following statements is true or false.Write a “T” for true or “F” for false on the Answer Sheet. If you thinka statement is false, you must explain why you think so and then give the correct3 全国2013年1月自学考试现代语言学试题version. (2 % ×10=20% )21. A study of the features of the English used in Shakespeare’s time would be a diachronic study.22. If the sentence That's, not the ,book he, wants is spoken in the fall-rise tone, it implies that there is some other book the speaker wants.23. Prefixes usually change the part of speech of the original word, but do not change the meaning of the stem.24. According to Chomsky, Universal Grammar is a system of linguistic knowledge and a human species-specific gift which exists in the brain of a normal human being.25. One linguistic symbol can have different references while bearing the same sense. There are also occasions, though less frequent, when linguistic forms with the same reference might differ in sense.26. According to Searle’s classification of illocutionary acts, promising, swearing and vowing are the most typical cases of commissives.27. Middle English had been deeply influenced by Norman French in vocabulary and grammar. For example, such terms as “man,” “house,” and “eat” came from the lan guage of the French rulers.28. Putonghua serves as an effective lingua franca among speakers of 56 different nationalities, even among speakers of different dialects of the Chinese language.29. The left hemisphere of human brain is superior to the right one.30. Although formal instruction hardly affects the natural route of SLA, it does provide opportunities to receive comprehensible input.Ⅳ. Directions： Explain the following terms and give examples for illustration where appropriate. (3%×10=30%)31. cultural transmission32. suprasegmental features33. root34. AUX-movement35. linguistic context36. utterance meaning4 全国2013年1月自学考试现代语言学试题37. coinage38. language standardization39. language centers40. interlanguageⅤ. Directions： Answer the following questions. (10% × 2=20%)41. Please define competence and performance respectively and describe their differences.42. According to John Austin, what are the three acts a speaker might be performing simultaneously while speaking? And give examples to illustrate them.5 全国2013年1月自学考试现代语言学试题。