英语二基础课部分讲义

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基础阅读

长难句分析

1主谓宾

I love online shopping.

2主系表

Online shopping is stimulating.

3主谓

Love hurts.

4主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语

Online shopping will bring you a lot of fun.

5主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语

We elected Peter our chairman.

长难句划分方法

A找动词，划分谓语动词，非谓语动词

B为主句，从句分配谓语

C分析主句里谓语的主语，宾语，定语，状语等成分D按C步骤里提及的顺序分析从句

＊非谓语动词

1）一个英文句子，从句只能有一个谓语动词

2）但并不妨碍这些句子有多个动词

3）没当上谓语动词的动词，被安排为非谓语

4）非谓语常见三种形式

to+V原形

to+V现在分词

to+V过去分词

Ericsson grew up in Sweden,and studied nuclear engineering until he realized he would have more opportunity to conduct his own research if he switched to psychology.

简单句

简单句只有一个句子，句子里没有从句。

例1：As a result of all these factors,governments are becoming increasingly dependent on biologists and social scientists for planning the appropriate programs and putting them into effect.

例2:The decision（of the New York Philharmonic to hire Alan Gilbert as its next music director）has been the talk（of the classical-music world）ever since the sudden announcement of his appointment in2009.

例3:An invisible border divides those arguing for computers in the classroom on the behalf of students’career prospects and those arguing for computers in the classroom for broader reasons of radical educational reform.

例4:After six months of arguing and final16hours of hot parliamentary debates, Australia’s Northern Territory became the first legal authority in the world to allow doctors to take the lives of incurably ill patients（who wish to die）.

并列句

A1+A2

Keep your eyes and ears open,and use your own judgement.

Copyright rested with the journal publisher,and researchers seeking knowledge of the results would have to subscribe to the journal.

复合句

A1+a1

形容词性从句（定语从句）

定语从句是一种形容词性从句，作用是指出或修饰所谈论的人或事。一般靠关系代词引导。比如：that,which,who,whom,when,where。

Sexual confusion,economic frustrations,and religious hope-all came together in a decisive moment when he opened the Bible,told his father the first line he saw/would settle his fate,and read the magical words:"come out from among them,touch no unclean thing,and I will be your God and you shall be my people."

We are even farther removed from the unfocused newspaper reviews published in England between the turn of the20th century and the eve of World War II,at a time when newsprint was dirt-cheap and stylish arts criticism was considered an ornament to the publications in which it appeared

主语从句

What researchers such as Ransom Myers and Boris Worm have shown/is just how fast things(are changing).

宾语从句

Your humor must be relevant to the audience and should help/to show them/that you are one of them or/that you understand their situation,and are in sympathy with their point of view.

表语从句

The notion is/that people have failed to detect the massive changes which have happened in the ocean/because they have been looking back only a relatively short