外文翻译(营销策略)

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市场营销策略外文文献及翻译

市场营销策略外文文献及翻译Marketing StrategyMarket Segmentation and Target StrategyA market consists of people or organizations with wants,money to spend,and the willingness to spend it.However,within most markets the buyer' needs are not identical.Therefore,a single marketing program starts with identifying the differences that exist within a market,a process called market segmentation, and deciding which segments will be pursued ads target markets.Marketing segmentation enables a company to make more efficient use of its marketing resources.Also,it allows a small company to compete effectively by concentrating on one or two segments.The apparent drawback of market segmentation is that it will result in higher production and marketing costs than a one-product,mass-marketstrategy.However, if the market is correctly segmented,the better fit with customers' needs will actually result in greater efficiency.The three alternative strategies for selecting a target market are market aggregation,single segment,and multiplesegment.Market-aggregation strategy involves using one marketing mix to reach a mass,undifferentiated market.With a single-segment strategy, acompany still uses only one marketing mix,but it is directed at only one segment of the total market.A multiple-segment strategy entailsselecting two or more segments and developing a separate marketing mix to reach segment.Positioning the ProductManagement's ability to bring attention to a product and to differentiate it in a favorable way from similar products goes a long way toward determining that product's revenues.Thus management needs to engage in positioning,which means developing the image that a product projects in relation to competitive products and to the firm's other products.Marketing executives can choose from a variety of positioning strategies.Sometimes they decide to use more than one for a particular product.Here are several major positioning strategies:1.Positioning in Relation to a competitorFor some products,the best position is directly against the competition.This strategy is especially suitable for a firm that already has a solid differential advantage or is trying to solidify such an advantage.To fend off rival markers of microprocessors,Intelunched a campaign to convince buyers that its product is superior to competitors.The company even paid computer makers to include the slogan,"Intel Inside" in their ads.As the market leader,Coca-Cola introduces new products and executes its marketing strategies.At the same time,it keeps an eye on Pepsi-Cola,being sure to match anyclever,effective marketing moves made by its primary competitor.2.Positioning in Relation to a Product Class or AttributeSometimes a company's positioning strategy entails associating its product with or distancing it from a product class or attributes.Some companies try to place their products in a desirable class,such as"Madein the USA."In the words of one consultant,"There is a strong emotional appeal when you say,'Made in the USA'".Thus a small sportswear manufacturer,Boston Preparatory Co.is using this positioning strategy to seek an edge over large competitors such as Calvin Klein and Tommy Hilfiger,which don't produce all of their products in the U.S..3.Positioning by Price and QualityCertain producer and retailers are known for their high-quality products and high prices.In the retailing field,Sake Fifth Avenue and Neiman Marcus are positioned at one end of the price-qualitycontinuum.Discount stores such as Target and Kmart are at theother.We're not saying,however,that discounters ignore quality;rather, they stress low prices.Penney's tired―and for the most part succeeded in―repositioning its stores on the price-quality continuum by upgrading apparel lines and stressing designer names.The word brands is comprehensive;it encompasses other narrowerterms.A brand is a name and/or mark intended to identify the product of one seller or group of sellers and differentiate the product from competing products.A brand name consists of words,letters,and/or numbers that can be vocalized.A brand mark is the part of the brand that appears in the form of a symbol, design,or distinctive color or lettering.A brand mark isrecognized buy sight bu cannot be expressed when a person pronounces the brand name.Crest,Coors,and rider for Ralph Lauren's Polo Brand.Green Giant canned and frozen vegetable products and Arm&Hammer baking soda are both brand names and brand marks.A trademark is a brand that has been adopted by a seller and given legal protection.A trademark includes not just the brand mark,as many people believe,but also the brand name.The Lanham Act of 1946 permits firms to register trademarks with the federal government to protect them from use or misuse by other companies.The Trademark Law RevisionAct,which took effect in 1989,is tended to strengthen the the registration system to the benefit of U.S. Firms.For sellers,brands can be promoted.They are easily recognized when displayed in a store or included in advertising.Branding reduces price comparisons.Because brands are another factor that needs to be considered in comparing different products,branding reduces the likelihood of purchase decision based solely on price.The reputation of a brand alsoinfluences customer loyalty among buyers of services as well as customer goods.Finally,branding can differentiate commodities Sunkist oranges,Morton salt,and Domino sugar,for example .PricingPricing is a dynamic process,Companies design a pricing structure that covers all their products.They change this structure over time and adjust it to account for different customers and situations.Pricing strategies usually change as a product passes through itslife cycle.Marketers face important choice when they select new product pricing strategies.The company can decide on one of several price-quality strategies for introducing an imitative product.In pricing innovative products,it can practice market-skimming pricing by initially setting high prices to"skim"the imum amount of revenue from various segments of the market.Or it can use market penetration pricing by setting a low initial price to win a large market share.Companies apply a variety of price-adjustment strategies to account for differences in consumer segments and situations.One is discount and allowance pricing,whereby the company decides on quantity,functional,or seasonal discounts,or varying types of allowances. A second strategy is segmented pricing, where the company sellers a product at two or more prices to allow for differences in customers, products, or locations. Sometimes companies consider more than economics in their pricing decisions,and use psychological pricing to communicate about the product's quality or value.In promotional pricing,companies temporarily sell their product bellow list price as a special-event to draw more customers,sometimes even selling below cost.With value pricing, the company offers just the night combination of quality and good service at a fair price. Another approach is geographical pricing, whereby the company decides how to price distant customers, choosing fromalternative as FOB pricing,uniform delivered pricing, zone pricing, basing-point pricing, and freight-absorption pricing. Finally,international pricing means that the company adjusts its price to meet different world markets.Distribution ChannelsMost producers use intermediaries to bring their products to market.They try to forge a distribution channel―a set of interdependent organizations involved in the process of marking a product or service available for use or consumption by the consumers or business user.Why do producers give some of the selling job tointermediaries?After all,doing so means giving up some control over how and to whom the products are sold.The use of intermediaries results from their greater efficiency in marking goods available to targetmarkets.Through their contacts, experience, specialization, and scales of operation,intermediaries usually offer the firm move value than it can achieve on its own efforts.A distribution channel moves goods from producers to customers.Itovercomes the major time, place, and possession gaps that separate goods and services from those who would use them. Members of the marketing channel perform many functions. Some help to complete transactions:rmation.2.Promotion.3.Contact:finding and communicating with prospective buyers.4.Matching:fitting the offer to the buyer's needs, including such activities as manufacturing and packaging.5.Negotiation:reaching an agreement on price and other terms of the offer so that ownership or possession can be transferred.Other help to fulfill the completed transferred.1.Transporting and storing goods.2.Financing.3.Risk taking:assuming the risk of carrying out the channel work.The question is not whether these functions need to be performed, but rather who is to perform them. All the functions have three things in common:They use up scarce resource, they often can be performed better through specialization, and they can be shifted among channel members.To the extent that the manufacturer performs these functions, its costs go up and its prices have to be higher. At the same time, when some of these functions are shifted to intermediaries, the producer's costs and prices may be lower, but the intermediaries must charge more to cover the costsof their work. In dividing the work of the channel, the various functions should be assigned to the channel members who can perform them most efficiently and effectively to provide satisfactory assortments of goods to target consumers.Distribution channels can be described by the number of channellevels involved. Each layer of marketing intermediaries that performs some work in brining the product and its ownership closer to the final buyer is a channel level. Because the producer and the final consumer both perform some work, they are part of every channel.When selecting intermediaries, the company should determine what characteristics distinguish the better ones. It will want to evaluate the the channel member's years in business, other lines carried, growth and profit record, co-operativeness, and reputation. If the intermediaries are sales agents, the company will want to evaluate the number and character of the other lines carried, and the size andquality of the sales force. If the intermediary is a retail store that wants exclusive or selective distribution, the company will want to evaluate the store's customers, location, and future growth potential.Understanding the nature of distribution channels is important, as choosing among distribution channels is one of the most challenging decisions facing the firm. Marketing intermediaries are used because they provide greater efficiency in marking goods available to target markets.The key distribution channel function is moving goods from producers to consumers by helping to complete transactions and fulfill the completed transaction. Distribution channels can be described by the number of channel levels, which can include no intermediaries in adirect channel, or one to several intermediaries in indirect channels.PromotionPromotion is one of the four major elements of the company's marketing mix. The main promotion tools――advertising, sales promotion, public relations, and personal selling――work together to achieve the company'scommunications objectives.People at all levels of the organization must be aware of the many legal and ethical issues surrounding marketing communications. Much work is required to produce socially responsible marketing communicating in advertising, personal selling, and direct selling. Companies must work hard and proactively at communicating openly, honestly, and agreeably with their customers and resellers.市场营销策略一、市场细分和目标市场策略具有需求，具有购买能力并愿意花销的个体或组织构成了市场。

4P营销组合营销策略外文文献翻译

文献出处：Singh M. Marketing Mix of 4P’S for Competitive Advantage[J]. Gifts & Decorative Accessories, 2016, 3(6):40-45.英文字符数：20371，译文字数：5167第一部分为译文，第二部分为原文。

默认格式：中文五号宋体，英文五号Times New Roma，行间距1.5倍。

4P营销组合提高企业竞争优势摘要：企业再推出产品之前应该考虑下营销组合的四个变量，即产品，价格和渠道和促销。

这四个变量有助于企业制定竞争优势所必需的战略决策。

本文的主要目的是描述营销组合中各个变量在企业提高市场竞争优势中的关系。

营销组合包括产品营销组合和服务营销组合。

产品营销组合一般由产品，价格，渠道和促销组成，通常用于有形商品的营销组合。

然而，服务营销组合还与另外三个变量相关，例如人员，服务过程和有形展示。

当NeilH.Borden 在1964年发表了他的“营销组合概念”的文章时，营销组合一词开始流行起来。

营销组合的特征是四个同样重要的变量。

第一步是制定营销计划的产品计划，产品计划有三个部分，即核心产品，增值产品和第三产品。

不仅与产品有关的决定，还包括价格相关的决定，如统一价格是否收费或不同价格的不同价格将在同一产品在不同市场收取。

第三个变量是“渠道”，它与产品销售的决定有关。

“促销”涉及增加销售额。

营销组合涉及到哪些产品将以特定价格提供的决策，相同的产品将根据不同的市场使用不同的价格，营销经理必须考虑不同因素的影响根据4P分类来确定产品的营销组合。

关键词：营销组合，产品，价格，渠道，促销，竞争优势1 引言营销组合是企业用来销售其商品和服务的不同营销决策变量的组合。

在确定市场并收集有关市场的基本信息后，下一步是市场规划的方向，以满足客户的需求和竞争对手的挑战。

它提供了所有营销变量的最佳组合，使企业能够实现利润，销售量，市场份额，投资回报等目标。

品牌营销策略外文翻译文献

品牌营销策略外文翻译文献(文档含中英文对照即英文原文和中文翻译)原文：Brand Strategy ResearchKapferer,J.HEconomic globalization,how to adapt to international trends,establish,a strong brand and enhance our competitiveness,have become pressing issues facing enterprises.Based on the analysis of the development of corporate marketing brand strategy in enterprise marketing role.Enterise needs to sue a variety of means ofcompetition to increase brand awarenss, improve brand positioning, an create a good brand image.First, Japanese brands across the board defeat.November 22,2006 morning, NEC announced that it would withdraw from 2G and 2.5mobile phone market ,which means that, following Sharp, Panasonic, Toshiba, Mitsubishi, Sanyo, a Japanese mobile phone manufacturers later withdraw from the Chinese market, Japanese mobile phone has almost all except Kyocera 2G mobile phone market in China out of contention.If we sum up the Chinese household appliance market, today any different from ten years ago,I think the biggest difference is that Japanese companies in China, Japanese home appliance market downturn, the following main reasons: First, rigid enterprise system, decision-making difficult, the reaction was slow, incompatible with the reality of the Chinese market ,it is difficult to adapt to the rapidly changing Chinese market;2 is weak in marketing ,product planning capacity is not strong ,it is difficult to judge according to their marker lacunch to meet consumer demand and forecast products, follow the trend has been in a passive situation, can not satisfy market demand; Third, failure to grasp the industry best time to transition is the Japanese home appliance companies lose an important reason for market dominance.Japanese companies come to the edge in the Chinese market is causing companies tothink deeply about our nation ? To make the internanational route and whether the enterprise of“Japanese Company”to the lessons learned behind?Second, the brand strategy implementation in China the Current Situation Many old famous“flash in the pen”Chinese and foreign enterprises in the Chinese market the brand war;just grow up to be a great impact on national brands. The last century, a little-know 80’s brand ,not being registered by trademark, is to be acquired, squeeze, even if the residue is hard going down really developed very limited.Here atypical case, the last century 80s to early 90s,he worked in air conditioning sector hit wonders of the Warburg in 1998,was acquired Kelon,the subsequent deline in brand image is repeated.Brand strategy has been an increasing emphasis on domestic enterprises caused the government to support.Since the 80s of last century reform and opening up,China’s socialist econonomic construction has made remarkable achievements. From a planned economy to market economy era Chiness companies, brand management has grown out of nothing.Information,local governments at all levels of emphasis on brand-name,organization promoting the efforts,policies measures have greatly ehangced Qinghai, Shenzhen, Wuhan, Ningbo, Shenyang and other cities on the Chinese famous erterprises incentives to 100 million,on Dali an 3 million Yuan ,on brand-name companies have been cities for the 100000yuan reward-200000yuan.Japanese 8th 2009 year to Japanese 11th,the 40th International Consumer Electronics Show(CES) in Las Vegas Ventian hotel opening.National enterprises in the CES,we achieve superior results.It is understood that this year there are 4000 people registered to participate in China CES,including manufacturers,media and spectators,in the exhibition hall,there are 327 exhibitors.Haier is the world’s most authoritative consumer electronics industry media “TWICE”named for the Chinese consumer electr onics brand.3.The status of foreign brands in most sectors is still difficult to shake However,we should also see the face of numerous products on the market,allows consumers blurted out genuinely few domestic brands.With the opening up further,to a number of big companies have to squeeze into the Chinese market,Chinese market,a time filled with“sony”,“Coca-Cola”，“rejoice”，“Benz”and various other internantional brands,many of these names foreign brands violently hitting the national brand in China.Although the appliance industry ,led by haier brand,“Konka”，“Changhong”，“TCL”and other domestic brands have developed well,but with the “Sony”,“Panasonic”“Samsung”and other brands,they are still there competitive disadvangtage;in the IT industry,“Lenovo”，“Founder”，“Great Wall”and other countries compared to ,brand awareness is still insufficient;in Consumer Goodsmarket,“P＆G”，“Oliver”，“Henkel”，and other international companies have formed the three pillars.Third,the brand strategy implementation in China Problems and Errors. Currently,Chinese brands have a huge international marker opportunity and space for international brands has been inevitable,but there are also brand building is not unsatisfactory.Our Enterprise Brand Building Problems：Factors from the point of micro-enterprises themselves:there is a lace of technology development,brand competitiveness is not strong;brand personality,lack of innovation and development capacity;small-scale production and management,brand development lack of overall planning;ability of weak erports and internantional operations,Brand awareness is not strong;brand positioning is not clear,there is a large range of factors such as blindness.Speaking from the macro social factors:social mechanisms need to be improved,policies and regulations support the neeed to further strengthen the country’s industrial policy,export-oriented policies for different sectors play different role in the country’s industrial policy,export-oriented policies for different sectors play different role in the promotion and limitation,the financial environment for business investment capacity and market expansion ability and the important influence.The establishment of market system in China has for many years,despite a significant improvement but still not perfect,ther still has not really adapt to the market economy,consumer psychology has not yet fully mature.2.The current situation of global economic integration, the error of the brand strategy implementation(1)Ignore the brand investment,profit-orientedBackground of economic globalization, international competition is increasingly reflected in the brand’s competition, the overwhelming majority of the modern world famous multinational companies with particular emphasis on the use of brand strategy, brand such a full range of output through the form of multinational corporations gradually occupationof the internantional market. it is no exaggeration to say that now,the brand has achieved global strategic objectives of transnational corporationssharp weapon,is an important means to achieve capital expansion.Rome was not built in a day cold .Brand never be in the short term invented to be a long process of accumulation. Many enterprises do not clearly recognize this point,attempt to create a brand in a short time,but ignored the long-term planning and strategy.(2)Brand strategy is a systematicThe implementation of brand strategy is a systematic,enterprise strategy and the overall development of an important component of competitive strategy.The implementation of brand strategy is to rely on their overall quality and overall image enhancement,the need for scientific management idea and superb operational skills,but quit a few brand planner in this regard was particularly poor performance and immediate impact brand development ,practical work in the emergence of many such errors:If that job is to create a brand to take a good brand is drawing a satisfactory visual signs only;Advertising is the only way to cuoltivate well-known brands,in addition to adbertising in the media ,big,the other no attention;scale enterprise product once formed,well-known brands on the naturally established;well-known brand is equivalert to high price,to be unrealistically improve the product price.Some companies even to furthrer in the brand Wrong Operation not hesitate to give up their own brand business,with foreign companies,brands,or to sell its own brand low-cost transfer,such as our persent more than 20 million“three capital”enterprises,there 90% of the joint venture using the foreign brands;clean silver toothpaste fctory in Ghuangzhou to 2 million yuan cheap to transfer to joint ventures and other brands,is one such outstanding erample of the terrible consequences of today has become increasingly apparent-lost domestic enterprises own brand,product and intellectual property rights,national industrial competitiveness lie!(3)Product is the enterprise competitive advantage in the market can be quickly imitated by competitors,beyond,the brand is insurmountable,real and lasting competitive advantage comes from innovation,in order to “change”shouldbe “status quo”Brand is the concentrated expression of the core competitiveness.The market isconstrantly changing face of any brand at any time to be out of danger .Too much emphasis on the existing achievements,do not attach importance to innovation,leading to a lot of brand-name“dismount”the major reason.Coca-Cola’s former chiefmarketing officer Sergio Zyman,“the brand is only the company logo products and services are different from competitors,is the most effective weapon to open up the market,excellent brand can make your product stand out.”Products physical properties,quantity,price,quality,service is very easy to make your product stand out.” Products physical properties, quantitiy, price, quality,service is very easy to imitate competitors, Er brands, along with the product itself,also includes an attatched product to cultural background, emotional, consumer cognition invisible things,so that enterprises Yong Yuan Li in the competition undefeated.Consumer awareness deciding the fate of the brand has a direct impact on consumer awareness.Brand is the difference deciding the fateof the brand has a direct impact on consumer awareness.Brand is the difference between the market enterprise important symbols is the benchmark for consumer spending to brand as the core has become a cor porate restructuring and reallocation of resources an important mechanism.In addition,enterprises should learn from successful exiperiences abroad to enhance their design and development capability.Enterprises should dare to challenge the new technology revolution to create their own brand, and increase market competitiveness; We must work hard in the value of differentiation has been directly determined to achieve the final product sales,personal services are indispensable!2.To strengthen marketing,improve brand awareness,brand strategy will be organically integrated in their overall strategy to promote the overall development strategy.The implementation of brand marketing is an important part of the strategy.By choosing the right marketing approach can be effectively used to brand a household name brand,expand market share.Brand strategy is not an isolate task,but the overall development strategy and business are closely related.A successful brand names more than just a brand its own thing,related to business management of all major strategicdecision,these major strategic decision,these major strategic decisions were consciously carried out around to expand.翻译：企业品牌战略研究卡普费雷尔，J.H在经济全球化的今天，如何适应国际化潮流，建立强势品牌，提高竞争能力，已经成为国内企业面临的迫切问题。

网络营销策略分析外文翻译文献

网络营销策略分析外文翻译文献(文档含中英文对照即英文原文和中文翻译)Network marketing strategy analysis of VANCLAbstract:21 century is the information century, the development of science technology, economic and social is to meet the coming of age. The network marketing is also the Internet for media, to implement marketing campaigns in the new ways, method and idea, more effective individual and organization the realization of the trading activities. Enterprise how to develop the network marketing in such a huge market potential, occupation in emerging markets, to the enterprise both opportunities and challenges. The network marketing is also produced in the change of the values of consumers: meet the needs of the consumers, is the enterprise manages the core of the eternal. Using network of this high- technology to provide consumers with various types of service, is a important way of future competition advantage.V ANCL makes a huge success by the network marketing, and becomes a Chinese clothing network marketing market leader in the short term. Based on the network marketing way as the foundation, reading V ANCL marketing strategy.Key words:Network marketing Marketing strategy V ANCLThe network marketing as a new marketing concept and marketing mode in a digital economy times, even if the enterprise opened up more broad market, and can lead and reforming the traditional marketing. The network marketing compared with the traditional marketing has the personality, interactive, economy, efficiency and obvious advantages, if V ANCL want to market in big foothold, it must learn to use the new marketing method, the most suitable for enterprise of the integration of traditional and modern marketing method.1、The marketing situation of V ANCLWith the development of the Internet, e-commerce enterprises emerging batches. The e-commerce market in other properties, once created "clothing direct sales model" the myth of a brief period of prosperity in PPG after into decline. And take thesame pattern that honesty-this is established for just two years of electronic business enterprise in the short term but has remarkable success. Why the brand whose name sounds like a lot"western style"can stand firm in the waters of the electronic commerce is owe to the network marketing .At present ,V ANCL already expands and covers to men's clothing, women's, shoes, accessories, household six big kinds, with the deep of all kinds of goods, it will become the first choice of Internet clothing buyers. V ANCL as just a new company less than two years operation, is rooted in the Internet service brand.V ANCL already cooperates with Spain, Switzerland, the United Kingdom, France, Canada, Germany, Japan, South Korea and other countries of line designers, this enterprise is relying on the Internet around the world first-class brand power integration of designer resources. From knowing less about the garment industry into konwing a lot, Chen Nian has become the senior personage, the standard of the IT expert begins to study fashion brand, and return to a clothing brand positioning, makes every guest brand visibility and reputation by the traditional clothing brand shaping path,.2、The network marketing ways of V ANCL(1)Search engine optimizationSearch engine optimization, hereinafter referred to as SEO, is through the website structure (internal links structure, physical structure, web site logic structure), high quality website the subject content, the rich and the correlation of value optimization and external links to web site to users and search engine more friendly to get at the engine advantage for website ranking into traffic. Every guest use baidu and Google, Soso and sogou search engine optimization, attract the part of the network that are not familiar with the population want to get the information in the purchase and the query of the product or want to buy the brand of want to buy, or to have a preliminary impression that the guest, or related to click, thus increasing traffic and sales of all the guest.(2)Search engine advertisingSearch engine advertising refers to the use of the search engine, classification,search for information online catalogue with function of the network tools for network expansion of method, flow out an advertising model by strong search engine, and as long as to competitive rankings and keyword advertising give priority to tone at present. Search engine advertising forms include based on search engine based on classification method and the method of directory. Search engine based on methods including keyword advertising, competitive rankings, fixed rankings, based on the content location of advertising, and a variety of forms, and based on the method of classification catalogues are mainly in the category of priority in the appropriate category website display. V ANCL A in baidu, Google, sogou search engines such as do in advertising, increased the potential customers for impression times and increased clicks, easier to customers buy all the guest products.(3)E-mail marketingE-mail marketing is the way to subscribe to the industry and products information through the email way to provide the users need to establish and users of the relationship between trust and trust. E-mail marketing has three basic factors: user license, electronic mail delivery information, information of value to the users. V ANCL via E-mail activities or convey product promotion or sells products information to users all the latest information communicate guest, the user will be according to their own product of interest to click on words or images, increase hits, it also increases the user to the attention of all the guest to some extent, also increase the purchase of the users(4)Virus marketing.Virus marketing is not use virus or rogue plug-ins to promote ways of marketing, but rather through a set of effective and reasonable integral system and stimulate active users to guide publicity, is built on the benefit users on the foundation of the marketing model. For example, every guest experience in the marketing activity to give users the experience will make the users satisfacted to others spread good image of the brand or product, cause public effects. And cause Internet industry wide attention is realized that the guest in China Internet first virus marketing, its main virus marketing example is that the popularity of the object. V ANCL uses WangLuodan and Han Han for outdoor advertising and the representative of video advertising by "love love love XX, XX XX love, love XX XX, I am not XX, I'm XX" advertising copywriter pattern, its headline font with Microsoft LOGO, black, describe the part USES a bold and then use the above model has strong grassroots fundamental key and easy to copy, imitate the AD copy font mode is called Vanclize. This virus marketing of V ANCL essence to a proverb “Many t hings grow in the garden that were never sown there ”, so-called " Vanclize " originally from former ogilvy creative director. The distant partners in the hand of QiuXinYu advertising, via the Internet after Internet users after PS widely spread, the net friend of widespread and the Internet. Virus marketing remarkable characteristics is active spreading brand or product customer information. Every object because simple style bright and clear, easy to PS, so the net friend copying its, mode for sentence transformation, and then spread, to a certain extent, to V ANCL this brand publicity.(5)Micro Po marketingThe Po marketing is to point to in the Po such a role in the user of the relationship between share information and communication and access platform of the marketing activities, mainly including release the activities of enterprises information, fans interaction, etc. The Po marketing and activity marketing, advertising, implantable customer service new platform, brand marketing linked together, September 3, 2009, sina micro blog "V ANCL fans" officially established. V ANCL use its official sina micro bo "V ANCL fans" release V ANCL and V ANCL member or the Po fans interactive activities information, forward fans put on every guest clothing display figure, release all the activities of the information and guest enterprise issued by all the members in the activities of the guest enterprise information and to make every guest house, show every guest fashion, every object such as topic marketing, and every guest fans constantly forwarding official micro bo's information to improve the every guest exposure, and shaping the every guest brand image of close to people.3、The network marketing strategy of V ANCL(1)Product strategyThe product of V ANCL is leading project by the famous designer, top the essenceof classical style of men's clothing brand, reference Asian man’ bodily form feature at the same time, select fabric dyed close-fitting production, as users enjoy luxury quality by medium price, advocate contracted, depth, comfortable, environmental protection. Simple desgin, coloring prudent style, the design concept induction from Italy, remove unnecessary decoration, emphasize the performance of heavy and complicated comfort and grace.Any products, only suitable for target consumption group needs, likes or dislikes products that may reach a good sales results. And V ANCL since will consumer orientation in 25-35 phase of the user group, so the product quality or from either from the design style is also should adapt to their spending habits. Relative to the PPG consumer groups, V ANCL in the face of some consumer groups more mature. They don't pay attention to flowery, bright, smart, fancy style, but pay more attention to quality, taste, practical and comfortable. Therefore, and the pursuit of the corresponding product positioning and design, it should be for all mankind sincere product the designers of the center of gravity of the work.(2)Price strategyAt the present V ANCL’ price is accepted by general man, besides it l aunched many favourable activity, so long as you often skim through V ANCL website any time you freed,you can get unexpected harvest, so its favourable activity will make your online purchasing car full at the same time, your wallet aren’t reduce much.V ANCL has been carried out low price strategy, such as a common advertisement-- the experience of "199 yuan four shirt", It’s very important for V ANCL to expand market share and seize the market, the whole strategy of V ANCL is to low price, high quality rapidly occupation market share first, although rolled out by this price, V ANCL isn’t loss money.But at that price in the market introduction is very low, and most of the space to consumer interests, the purpose of V ANCL is to expand the market, let consumers purchase experience, this is your data came into their database, every guest to take QQ, email, etc way to you an additional other products.(2)Channel strategyIn the diversification of Chinese clothing brand, most of the clothing is achoice of the traditional sales channel, looking for distributors, means the joining trader, but V ANCL have seen there are too many not controlling rely on of the traditional channels, so that those guests were established at the beginning of a high-level decided to use the network direct sales model.The network marketing of the realization of the purchase and trading information process and its physical process of separation is. This information process contain many reflect both trade credit information and the ability of market mechanism of the identity of business rules information, and the physical process is the product quality, efficient and transport service system to ensure that, so the network marketing operation needs to mature market mechanism, credit service system, logistics and distribution system for the foundation.4、conclusionThere are many available Internet marketing tools used by enterprises, for instance release information in the news, and using specific events to attract visitors, open up the BBS and consumer hot or project to discuss, let consumer participation in the product design, establish links, provide free E-mail, free search engine, free agency, free online services such as the screen on demand for free.Looking to the future, the network marketing is very welcome to implement in the medium-sized and small enterprises .This is because most small and medium enterprise managers have realized the benefits of developing network marketing, and actively join and enterprise website construction, this for the development of small and medium-sized enterprises lay the solid foundation after the network marketing .凡客诚品的网络营销策略分析摘要：21世纪是信息世纪，科技、经济和社会的发展正在迎接这个时代的到来。

企业服务营销策略外文文献翻译最新2016年

企业服务营销策略外文文献翻译最新2016年XXX market。

simply offering high-quality products is not XXX customer service and create a strong brand image in order to XXX marketing strategies。

including customer nship management。

service n。

and service recovery。

and provides examples of XXX.摘要本文探讨了企业开发有效的服务营销策略的重要性。

作者认为，在当今竞争激烈的市场中，仅仅提供高质量的产品是不足以的。

企业必须还提供优秀的客户服务，并创建强大的品牌形象，以吸引和留住客户。

本文研究了各种服务营销策略，包括客户关系管理、服务创新和服务恢复，并提供了成功实施的示例。

作者得出结论，优先考虑服务营销的企业将更好地为长期成功做好准备。

nXXX market。

XXX simply providing high-quality productsis no XXX success。

In order to stand out from the n。

XXX astrong brand image。

This requires the development of effective service marketing XXX.介绍在当今全球化和高度竞争的市场中，企业面临前所未有的挑战。

仅仅提供高质量的产品的传统方法已经不足以保证成功。

为了在竞争中脱颖而出，企业还必须专注于提供优秀的客户服务和创建强大的品牌形象。

这需要开发有效的服务营销策略，帮助企业区别于竞争对手，吸引和留住客户。

XXXXXX new field that has emerged in response to the growing importance of services in the global XXX marketing。

(完整版)外文翻译(营销策略)

附件 1 ：外文资料翻译译文营销策略内容概要：为了组织的销售能是成功的，它需要依据一个营销策略计划来帮助保证其努力的目标和主旨与市场的需要想符合。

营销策略审察市场以确立潜伏顾客的需要，竞争者的战略和市场所位，并且试试拟订出一套能使组织在市场上获得或保护竞争优势的有关战略。

有一些要素会对营销策略计划的发展造成冲击性的影响，它包含内部要素比如组织的财富、技术和组织文化，外在要素比如各种各种的市场驱动者、市场或产业运作方式、战略窗口和竞争的实质。

一个精选的营销策略计划也需具备一套不测状况防范策略以应付市场治理及组织生产能力的不确立性。

重点词：竞争优势竞争策略市场所位市场份额营销销售计划组织文化营销策略营销策略简述不论组织的产品或服务多么好，除非它们的价值能被传达给潜伏的顾客，不然组织依旧没法实现它的使命。

这种传达和沟通是组织内市场营销功能的职责。

依据美国市场协会，营销是“一个组织效能和一套创建过程、沟通和传达产品价值给顾客、办理与顾客关系的有利于组织和它的利益共享者的方式”。

营销作用包含相辅相成的双方面。

营销策略在市场上审察市场来确立潜伏顾客和竞争者实质的需要，并且试图开发出在市场大将使组织获得或保护竞争优势的战略。

操作的营销被成立在营销策略作用和贯彻各种各种的计划和策略 ( 包含适合的混淆营销的发展 ) 吸引顾客和促使顾客忠实的基础之上的。

产品和服务营销的方法有好多的方式能用来销售你的产品或服务包含做广告，直接响应、销售活动和宣传。

但是，除非你能认识顾客、市场和产业的需要并且竞争的优势和劣势，不然这些方法是不太可能成功的。

营销策略帮助一个组织尖化它的焦点和在市场顺利地竞争。

营销策略与二个组分有关：目标市场和用最正确的方式传达你的产品价值或服务到那个市场。

一个可推行的销售目标的发展取决于几个重点维度。

第一，与组织以内的所有全世界性战略相同，一个成功的销售目标需要由在组织以内的最高管理层署名。

销售目标实质上也拥有政治性的色彩：在组织以内的强有力的单位在最正确的销售目标或许不一样意，并且协议或许需要谈判完成。

银行营销策略中英文对照外文翻译文献

银行营销策略中英文对照外文翻译文献银行营销策略中英文对照外文翻译文献(文档含英文原文和中文翻译)银行营销策略中英文对照外文翻译文献原文：MARKETING OF BANK PRODUCTS – EMERGINGCHALLENGES &NEW STRATEGIESDr. R.K. UppalDirector, UGC Sponsored Major Research ProjectD.A.V. College, Malout (Punjab)Abstract:The present paper acknowledges with same limitation that Indian private sector banks and foreign bank‟s marketing strategies are quite better than our public sector banks.The paper also suggests some strategies for the enhancement of bank marketing. Only those banks will survive in the future which will adopt effective and realistic strategy to win the trust of the customer.Keywords: Bank Marketing, Customer, Challenges and StrategiesIntroductionBanks Marketing is defined as a aggregate of function directed at providing service to satisfy customer‟s financial needs and wants, more effectively than the competition keeping in view the organizational objective of the bank. The bank marketing has become a very complex yet interesting subject as it requires the knowledge of economics, sociology, psychology, banking and also core marketing concept (Sasanee, M.K. p. 5). In marketing, it is the customer who has the upper hand. The mantra of effective marketing bank products lies in the systematic and professional approach towards satisfying customers needs (Ojha, V.K. p. 19). Thus, banks have to set up “Research and Market Intelligence” wings so as to ensure customer satisfaction and to keep abreast of market development (Ananthakrishnan, G. p. 9).Product and ServiceA product is defined as “Anyt hing that has the capacity to provide the satisfaction use or perhaps, the profit desired by the customer”. Product and service are the words used interchangeably in banking parlance. The bank products are deposit, borrowing or other product like credit card or foreign exchange transaction which are tangible and measurable whereas service can be such products plus the way/manner in which they are offered that can be expressed but cannot be measured i.e. intangibles. Better银行营销策略中英文对照外文翻译文献service is more important than just a good product in the marketing of banking service, so the focus should be on the want and need of satisfying that product or service.Marketing Approach to Banking Services·Identifying the customer‟s financial needs and wants.· Develop appropriate banking products and services to meet customer‟s needs.· Determine the prices for the products/services developed.·Advertise and promote the product to existing and potential customer of financial services.· Set up suitable distribution channels and bank branches.· Forecasting and research of future market needs.Scheme of the paperThe paper has been divided into six sections. After the brief introduction, second section reviews some studies related to the present theme. Third section highlights objectives and research methodology. Fourth section discusses results. Section five reflects strategies and last section concludes the paper.Review of related studyDwivedi, R. (2007) explained that finance functions are important but not as important as the marketing functions. Friction between the marketing and finance functions would be detrimental to the smooth development and functioning of any business organization. Finance objectives like value maximization to shareholders are integral parts of any new strategy adopted by the organization. But this objective seems to have been lost amidst the flurry of marketing activities focusing on market share. Conscious efforts must be taken to avoid the missing core objective and for sales growth. Dixit, V.C. (2004) concludes that for successful marketing and to make it more effective, identify the customer needs by way of designing new products to suit the customers. The staff should be wellequipped with adequate knowledge to fulfill the customer‟s needs. We should a dopt long-term strategies to convert the entire organization into a customer-oriented one. Gupta, O. (1997) described the emergence of services sector and banks experience in service marketing. He emphasized customer satisfaction as the key to success and suggested a few measures to meet the needs and expectations of the customers. Gurumurthy, N. (2004) asserts银行营销策略中英文对照外文翻译文献that technology today is claimed to be a …leveler‟ and not a…differentiator‟. After the …wow‟ feelings die down, technology would become a must for most clients.Banking products can be easily copied and replicated by competitors unlike manufactured products. It is also not a viable model for marketers to compete on price. The solution, therefore, would lie in effective application of marketing strategies.Jain, A. (2007) described that marketer has to know that each and every country is having various marketing environment. Comparatively, it has to be very clear that the international marketer is bound to hold on the reorganization that every marketing environment differs from place to place as well as nation to nation than that of the same country state. It is also evident from the study that the global business transactions have to be sound planned and objectives oriented in nature. Sreedhar (1991) have dealt with marketing in commercial banks. They have emphasized motivation research, marketing research and promotional aspects in marketing of services and suggested to improve the marketing strategies to cope with the changing environment.Objectives· To study and analyze the marketing developments regarding products and services in various bank groups.· To suggest some strategies for the enhancement of bank marketing.Research DesignMarketing has suddenly become a buzzword in the banking sector. Customer has suddenly moved to the centre-stage and he has now a choice. How do banks then attract a customer to use their product and services? One has to reckon the fact that the old loyalty can no longer be taken for granted. Banks have to make efforts to retain the existing customers and also use strategies to attract new customers to their fold.Sample DesignThe Indian banking industry has been divided into three major bank groups.· Public Sector Bank Group – G-I (28)· Private Sector Bank Group – G-II (28)· Foreign Bank Group – G-III (29)Now all the work is done by technological tools. Many e-delivery channels like ATM,银行营销策略中英文对照外文翻译文献credit card, Mbanking, Tele-banking, I-banking have come into existence. Now banks take profit into consideration rather than price. Customer was slave to the bank before 1993 but now he has become the king of the bank. Customer can get feedback as per his own wish.All the parameters have shown the remarkable performance after the banking reforms. But public sector banks lags behind the private sector and foreign banks. Private sector banks and foreign banks are growing fast than the public sector banks. Thus the table implies that private sector and foreign banks are more efficient in the marketing of their products and services.Challenges of bank marketing·TechnologyMarketing by private sector banks and foreign banks is more effective than public sector banks because these banks are IT oriented. Private sector banks and foreign banks are attracting more customers by providing e-services. Thus, technology has become a challenge before the public sector banks.·Untrained StaffOften it happens that when a prospective customer approaches the branch, the employees seem to have very little knowledge about the scheme. This reflects an ugly picture of our bank‟s image. Banks are not losing one prospective customer but 10 more customers who would be touch of this man. Attitude of the employees towards customers is also not very well. Thus, it is a need of time to reorient the staff.·Rural MarketingThis is a big challenge before the Indian banks to enhance rural marketing to increase their customers. Banks should open their branches not only in the urban and semi-urban areas but also in the rural areas.·Trust of CustomersMarketing can be enhanced only by increasing the customers. Customers can be increased or attracted only by winning the trust of the customers.·Customer AwarenessCustomer awareness is also a challenge before the banks. Bank can market their银行营销策略中英文对照外文翻译文献products and services by giving the proper knowledge about the product to customer or by awarding the customer about the products. Bank should literate the customers.Strategies for the enhancement of bank marketingIn the fierce competitive market, needs of customer keep changing. Hence, our marketing strategy must be dynamic and flexible to meet the changing scenario. Here are steps that form successful and effective marketing strategy for bank products.·Form a Saleable Product SchemeBank should form a scheme that meets the needs of customers. A bunch of such schemes can also form a product. A bank product may include deposit scheme, an account offering more flexibilities, technically sound banking, tele/mobile/net banking, an innovative scheme targeted to special group of customers like children, females, old aged persons, businessman etc. In short, a bank product may consist of anything that you offer to customers.·Effective BrandingMan is a bundle of sentiments and emotions. This can effectively be helpful in branding our products. Considering the features of products and target group of customers, the product can be effectively branded so as to sound it catchy and appealing.·Products for WomenThe national perspective plan for women states that 94 pc of women workers are engaged in the unorganized sector and 83 pc of these in agriculture and allied activities like dairy, animal husbandry, sericulture, handloom, handcrafts and forestry. Banks should do something to improve their access to credit which they require.·AdvertisementAdvertisement is an eminent part of marketing of bank products. Advertisement should be such that appeals to people. It should not follow the orthodox pattern of narrating a product. For effective advertisement, bank should understand people‟s tastes and choices.·Selling Products in Rural AreasFor enhancing the marketing of their product, bank should sell their products in rural银行营销策略中英文对照外文翻译文献areas. For it, there is a need to open branches in the rural areas.·Informing Customers About ProductsThe bank should embark upon aggressive marketing of its products, particularly at the time of launching a new product, which will inform the perspective customers regarding product and at the same time relieve staff at branch level from explaining the product to all customers.·Re-orient StaffSincerity of efforts in implementation of the measures is lacking among the bank staff. It is a fact that its employees are not able to rise up to the expectations of its customers. They lack in their behaviour, attitude and efficiency. The phenomenon is glaring at urban centers. Therefore, it calls for an immediate attention which is missing link in the entire process of marketing, and the bank should undertake all such steps to motivate and reorient its staff.·Sale of Products and Services through E-delivery ChannelsAfter the Information Technology Act, many new e-delivery products have been introduced. These edelivery channels are very helpful in enhancing the marketing of various products and services. Thus Indian banks should sale the products and services through e-delivery channels.·Sale of Products and Services through Web-sitesInternet is a network of network which connects the world. Thus, banks should sale their products through web-site. This will enhance the marketing of the products not only at the national but also at the international level.ImplicationThus the study implies that for a successful and effective banking marketing of bank products is a necessary condition. This condition can only be fulfilling only by attracting the more and more customers. Thus, bank should make only policies which are helpful in fulfilling the needs of customers.ConclusionBanking sector reforms have changed the traditional way of doing banking business. Mainly technology is the outcome of banking reforms. Customer is now the king and银行营销策略中英文对照外文翻译文献customer focus or satisfaction of customer is the main aim of the banks. With the introduction of new products and services competition has grown up among the banks. Only those banks will survive who face the competition with the effective ways of marketing.References1.Ananthakrishnan, G. (2004), “Marketing of Bank Products”, IBA Bulletin,(April)p92.Dwivedi,R. (2007), “Managing Marketing-Finance Interface”, Journal of Commerce and Trade, Vol.2, No. 2 (Oct.), p. 323.Dixit, V.C. (2004), “Marketing Bank Products”, IBA Bulletin, (April), p.154.Gupta, O, “Emerging Issues in Service Marketing-Banks Experience”, SBI Monthly Review, (Dec.),p. 6275.Gurumurthy, N. (2004), “Marketing Bank Products”, IBA B ulletin, (April), p.236.Jain, A. (2007), “Managerial Role in International Marketing Strategies”, Journal of Commerce and Trade, Vol. 2, No. 2 (Oct.), p. 297.Malik, S.C. (1996), “Building Human Capital for Banking”, Vichaar, Vol. 16, Issue 4, (Oct.)8.Oj ha, V.K. (2004), “Mantra of Effectively Marketing Bank Products”, IBA Bulletin, (April), p.199.Patnaik, U. and Chhatoi, B. (2006), “Bank Marketing” edited book by Sonali Publications, New Delhi.10.Sreedhar, G., “Marketing-Style of Indian Banks”, The Bank er, New Delhi, (Feb.)11.Sasanee, M.K. (2004), “Marketing Bank Products”, IBA Bulletin, (April), p. 5原文与译文译文：银行产品营销 - 新挑战和新策略Dr. R.K. UppalDirector, UGC Sponsored Major Research ProjectD.A.V. College, Malout (Punjab)摘要：本文有一定的局限性，印度的私人银行和外资银行的营销策略相比公共部门银行来说要更好一些。

市场营销策略外文文献及翻译

工商管理专业Strategic-marketing营销策略大学毕业论文英文文献翻译及原文

毕业设计（论文）外文文献翻译文献、资料中文题目：营销策略文献、资料英文题目：Strategic marketing文献、资料来源：文献、资料发表（出版）日期：院（部）：专业：工商管理（金融企业方向）班级：姓名：学号：指导教师：翻译日期： 2017.02.14外文翻译专业：工商管理（金融企业管理方向）外文原文：Strategic marketing①No matter how good the organization's products or services, unless their value can be communicated to potential customers, the organization will fail in its mission. This co mmunication is the responsibility of the marketing function within the organization. A ccording to the American Marketing Association, marketing is "an organizational func tion and a set of processes for creating, communicating and delivering value to custo mers and for managing customer relationships in ways that benefit the organization an d its stakeholders." Strategic marketing examines the marketplace to determine the ne eds of potential customers and the nature of the competitors in the market, and attemp ts to develop a strategy that will enable the organization to gain or maintain acompetit ive advantage in the marketplace. Operational marketing is built upon the foundation set by the strategic marketing function and implements various plans and strategies (in cluding a development of the appropriate marketing mix) to attract customers and fost er customer loyalty.Methods for Product & Service MarketingThere a number of ways to market one's products or services including advertising, di rect response, sales promotions, and publicity. However, unless one understands the n eeds of the customer, the market, and the industry as well as the strengths and weakne sses of the competition, these approaches are unlikely to be successful. Strategic mark eting helps an organization sharpen its focus and successfully compete in the marketpl ace. Strategic marketing is concerned with two components: The target market and the①Marketing strategy (Research: A. Ruth marketing organization and marketing, America press 2008: 1-1)best way to communicate the value of one's product or service to that market. The de velopment of a viable marketing strategy depends on several key dimensions. First, as with any global strategy within the organization, a successful marketing strategy need s to be endorsed by top management within the organization. Marketing strategy is als o political in nature: Powerful units within the organization may disagree on the best marketing strategy and an accord may need to be negotiated. Marketing strategies ma y also be affected by organizational culture and the assumptions that this engenders. F or example, if the organization has always marketed its widgets to business executives , it may fail to see the potential for marketing to lower level personnel within the orga nization or even for personal use to adults or teenagers.Factors that Implement Strategic Marketing Plan DevelopmentThere are a number of factors that should impact the development of a strategic mark eting plan for the organization. The first of these comprises the assets and skills that th e organization already possesses or that it can readily acquire. For example, if an orga nization has a significant programming department on the payroll, it would be feasible for it to make and market application software. However, if these personnel are alrea dy involved in other work and are not free to work on a new software project and the organization cannot afford to hire additional programmers, starting a new software lin e would be inadvisable at best. The second factor that must be considered when devel opinga marketing strategy is the market drivers. These are various political, economic, sociocultural, and technological forces that can influence the wants and needs of the c onsumer base. For example, the need to be able to handle increasing volumes of infor mation and data has led to widespread use of information technology in many industri es. Similarly, the need for a college education for an increasing number of jobs has led to a proliferation of for-profit institutions of higher education. Factors Impacting Marketing StrategyMarket drivers, however, are not the only external force that shapes one's market strat egy. The nature of the competition in the marketplace is also very important in determ ining whether or not a marketing effort will be successful. Virtually no business is wit hout competition. When buying a computer, one must choose between Mac and PC.Most soft drinks on the market are manufactured by one of two companies who offer very similar products. There is a variety of choices available when deciding where to f ill up one's car, yet most of the fuels available at the pump are virtually the same. Eac h of these businesses has its own market position and strives to keep its market share t hrough marketing efforts. Part of the strategic marketing effort is to decide how best t o differentiate oneself from the competition.Another external factor that impacts how one can best position oneself in the market i s the stage of the market or the industry life cycle. Some organizations excel, for exa mple, at being the first on the market with an innovation or new product. Others excel at taking the innovation and adapting it to the needs of the marketplace (e.g., lower pri ce, different features). In addition, there are various strategic windows that affect an or ganization's ability to successfully compete in the marketplace. A strategic window is a limited time period during which there is an optimal fit between the needs of the ma rketplace and the competencies of the organization. For example, as computer storage technology continues to evolve, the methods by which people store data and informati on change. Punch cards and magnetic tape gave way to 5.25 inch and 3.5 inch disks. T oday, more and more people are storing data and information on memory sticks instea d, and many computers are not even made with disk drives. The concept of using pun ch cards is as foreign and antiquated in most people's minds as using an abacus. Once the strategic window begins to close, it is typically best that the organization look for another opportunity.Development of Competitive StrategyTo help meet their goals and objectives, many businesses develop a competitive strate gy that will increase their competitive advantage. There are three generic approaches f or competitive strategies: (1) the provision of low cost products or services, (2) differe ntiation of products from those of the competition, and (3) focus on the market niche. Low Cost StrategyThe goal of the low cost strategy is to gain a larger market share. This is done by offer ing acceptable quality products or services at prices lower than those of the competitio n. The expectation in this strategy is that the organization will earn an acceptable return on investment by increasing volume of sales. The basic methods used in low-cost le adership strategies include reduction of overhead, buying or production costs and focu sed marketing strategies. For example, a restaurant may reduce the price of wine with the intention of making up the shortfall in profits by selling more than they did at the higher price. Similarly, a big box store may use a combination of effective manageme nt and information technology practices to reduce operation costs in order to deliver t he lowest possible prices on its merchandise.Product DifferentiationA second generic approach to competitive strategy is product differentiation. In this a pproach, the business attempts to differentiate itself from its competitors by producing a product or offering a service whose quality is perceived by customers to have uniqu e features or characteristics that set it apart from similar offerings. This strategy attem pts to build customer loyalty by offering something of value that is offered by no one else in the marketplace. In this strategy, the necessity of keeping the price of the produ ct or service down becomes less important because customers are frequently willing t o pay more to get their favorite brand. However, value can be a subjective quality and brand loyalty is not necessarily sufficient to make this strategy successful. There is a p oint beyond which most customers are no longer willing to pay a premiumprice. How ever, if carefully managed, a differentiation strategy can be highly successful. For exa mple, Merrill Lynch was able to differentiate itself from its competitors by offering int egrated financial services to attract the most desirable investors. This strategy yielded not only a well recognized and highly valued brand that differentiated Merrill Lynch f rom its competitors, but also resulted in substantial customer loyalty and a competitiv e advantage in the marketplace.Niche MarketingAnother generic approach to competitive strategy is niche marketing. In this approach , the organization seeks to gain a proportion of the total sales of a given type of produ ct or service within the marketplace. This strategy requires a concentration on one or more specific market segments based on characteristics such as buyer group, portion o f a product line or market, or geographical area. For example, rather than marketing itself as a generalist, a management consulting firm might specialize in working with th e telecommunications industry or only with businesses on the west side of metropolita n Chicago. A niche market strategy is indicated in situations where the business believ es that it can better serve a segment of the market rather than the entire market. For ex ample, in the illustration of the management consulting firm, the founding partners ma y have come out of the telecommunications industry and, therefore are more familiar with the nuances of the industry than they are with other industries. This approach put s the organization in a unique position (through a type of differentiation) to be better a ble to market to that focused segment than to the market as a whole. Consideration of Competitors in the MarketplaceTo be successful, analysis of the marketplace needs to consider not only the needs of t he customer base and the relationship between these needs and the value that can be o ffered by the organization's product or service, but also the state of the industry as a w hole as well as the position of the organization's competition within that industry. As o pposed to a market that can be defined as a group of customers with similar buying ne eds, an industry is a group of organizations (i.e., competitors) that offer similar produc ts or services to the market. Different organizations offering similar products or servic es, however, will not necessarily have the same window of opportunity. Therefore, it i s important to understand how competing firms view the market in order to develop a strategic marketing plan that will yield a significant competitive advantage. Factors that Influence Industries & the Competition within ThemThere are several factors that influence industries and competition within industries. G overnment regulation can significantly influence the profitability of an industry. Withi n the parameters set by this factor, however, there are additional factors that influence how competition works within an industry. If a number of organizations all offer simil ar products or services, for example, competition within the industry will typically be more intense. This is illustrated, for example, by the marketing slogans of two car rent al agencies several years ago. "We're number one!" exclaimed Hertz. "We try harder!" rejoined Avis. Customers, too, can influence the nature of competition within an indu stry. If the industry becomes larger, it will become more attractive to new entrants offe。

电影营销策略外文文献翻译最新译文

电影营销策略外文文献翻译最新译文Movie marketing refers to the process of XXX and related products in a market that is XXX。

XXX market。

movie marketers need to carefully select their target audience。

create and transfer value。

and XXX involves planning。

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XXX with the consumer values and XXX。

the goal is to turn movies into consumer products that XXX of the industry.2 The Importance of Film MarketingFilm marketing is a critical component of the movie industry。

as it plays a key role in XXX advertising movies。

marketers can create buzz and generate interest among the target audience。

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can lead to higher ticket sales。

increased revenue。

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film marketing can also help to build brand awareness。

XXX base。

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it is XXX their n。

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engaging characters。

房地产营销策略中英文对照外文翻译文献

房地产营销策略中英文对照外文翻译文献(文档含英文原文和中文翻译)原文：Innovation Model of the Real Estate Marketing StrategyAbstract:With the rapid development of the real estate industry, real estate market is constant maturity, real estate marketing continues to move to a higher level, and real estate marketing innovation has become a key factor of the survival and sustainable development of enterprises. Through analyzing the development and the limitations of the traditional marketing theory, this paper proposes marketing strategy innovationfrom the customer satisfaction, differentiation, experience marketing, integrated marketing, relationship marketing, network marketing, and several other aspects. At last the paper builds innovation model of the real estate marketing strategy.Key words: the real estate, marketing strategy, traditional marketing, innovation model.1. INTRODUCTIONAt present the salient features of the real estate market can be summarized as two words: high and fast. On the one hand, the real estate market vacancy rate is high. As of the end of March 2006, area of vacant commodity housing reached 1.23 billion square meter, up 23.8%,if the average 4,000 yuan per square meter to calculate, its total assets is approximately 5000 billion yuan. The current vacancy rate of China's real estate market is far more than the international police line10%,reaches 20% even 30%.On the other hand, we have seen rapid increases in house prices. By the end of March 2006, the survey jointly issued by National Development and Reform Commission and the National Bureau of Statistics showed that, in February 2006,70 medium-sized cities nationwide housing sales price of a new year-on-year rise 6.2%, national housing prices maintained a steady growth, 70 medium-sized cities housing sales price rose over the same period last year 5.5%. The major reasons are: helped purchase investment, structural imbalance, and a serious lack of marketing concepts.2.TRADITIONAL REAL ESTATE MARKETING STRATEGY AND ITS DRAWBACKSThe peak of traditional marketing theory is founded in the United States in 1960 of the Michigan State University 4P theory, marketing is the effective combinations of four basic elements, that is, Product, Price, Place, Promotion. The theory assumes that as long as an enterprise have high-quality products, the development of a reasonable price, using the appropriate distribution channels and suitable promotional measures, corporate expected marketing objectives can be successfully achieved. The theory of "enterprise-centric" implemented the marketing from the inside out.Product as the core marketing strategy is the product as a source of competitive advantage, product development, product market share as the driving force of corporate profits, products asset-oriented, configure a variety of marketing resources, to achieve the most excellent product portfolio in limited resources, to enable enterprises to achieve maximum profit in order to obtain the sustainable developmentof enterprises. Its main drawbacks are: it is no guarantee that the product itself will certainly be able to meet the market demand, concerned about the process of product marketing, the indicators products of less than expected for the future, and Product portfolio management to make business performance evaluation results of one-sidedness (Bai 2006).In the face of harsh market conditions, real estate companies began to rethink their marketing, and gradually accepted theory 4C. 4C is the desire and needs of consumers (Consumer), the cost of consumer access satisfaction (Cost), the convenience of consumers to buy (Convenience), business and consumers effective communication (Communication). The real importance of 4C theory lies in the behavioral responses of consumers, through the two-way communication of businesses and consumers, the establishment of stable long-term relationship, to establish the competitive advantage of enterprises and brand in the market. 4C theory suggests that, in the marketing mix, product, pricing, marketing channels and other variables are likely to be imitated by competitors to or surpass, but only the value of corporate brand is hard to replace, and that is closely related to the degree of consumer recognition , so enterprises must fully arrange marketing mix strategy for the consumer's point. This theory emphased on consumer demand-oriented, full account of the cost of consumers willing to pay, care for the convenience of consumers, and communicate to consumers, so as to promote the combination between long-term interests of the community and the economic interests of businesses.In 20th century 90’s, the United States, Schulz put forward 4R theory, that is Related, Reflect, Relation, Reward, set forth the new marketing elements, including the establishment of linkages with customers, improving market reaction speed, attention to relationship marketing and marketing returns. This theory is oriented to competition, to focus on relationship marketing, to maintain the long-term cooperative relations between business and clients.Under the new situation, real estate sales face new challenges, and marketing strategy innovation is imperative. When consumers’ choose to living no longer stays in the emotional consumer, when the market demand shifts from emphasis on experience living life to the pursuit of high-quality conversion, real estate is on the access to “quality of the winning” time. This requires the implementation of total quality marketing in the whole process of real estate development and operation.From planning to design, from material selection to construction, from recruitment to the service system building, brick by brick, plant by plant, real estate businesses will invest time and energy to build to enable target customers find valuable “quality.”Commodities as a result of real estate properties and real estate companies in China based on different levels, the situation is different, marketing and business marketing are still in development, so at least one time, 4Ps, 4Cs, 4Rs will be used in different companies. 4Ps of marketing theory is a basic framework for marketing though thinking in standing enterprises terms. 4Cs marketing theory thinks standing in terms of customers, but they do not focus on the overall operation from the business perspective, but there is no focus from the core purpose of marketing to analyze the problem, 4Ps and 4Cs marketing are static description to key elements of the marketing process, not a dynamic process from the marketing core purpose. 4Rs is the result of two integrated refining, to meet the core of marketing, and is a dynamic process. But 4Rs is not as a substitute for 4Ps, 4Cs, but is innovation and development based on the 4Ps, 4Cs, so we can not be separated into three or even against. Only in this way enterprises can be in fierce competition in the real estate market.3. INNOV ATIVE MARKETING STRATEGY3.1 Differences in the Quality of PositioningThrough the survey analysis of the state of objective customers demand and expectations of the quality, the quality positioning of product is determined. On the quality of positioning, enterprises should not only focus on of the functional quality of products, but also the applicability of the quality of the product. In the increasingly prominent consumer personality today, enterprises must start from these two aspects of products innovation and personalized products in order to gain advantages in products. On the one hand, with the economic and technological developments, customer demand changes, customer puts forward new requirements for products, and enterprises must provide continuously innovative products for the customers to adapt to such changes. On the other hand, higher-level customers are no longer satisfied with mass produced products, they can reflect the personality of the more popular products. As a result of technology development, product personalization and production economies of scale are no longer mutually antagonistic contradictions. Enterprises can maintain a certain economy of scale, at the same time, to provide customers with individual products to meet their different needs, so that everycustomer can be satisfied with the feelings.3.2 Customer SatisfactionAs an enhancing tool to enterprise competitiveness, customer relationship management (CRM) has given rise to great concern to the real estate industry, and in some well-known real estate company has been applied.“Satisfactory” is a psychological term and refers to a person's positive state of mind. This state is due to that some outside stimulus make some sort of demand or expectations be met and the “desired” (that is, in line with the intention), in order to feel some kind of “Fiat” (that is, psychological pleasure). The premise of satisfied is this kind of outside stimulus, including the stimulation of physical, mental and a combination of both. Therefore, the master of marketing Philip Kotler defined customer satisfaction as: customer satisfaction refers to a person forms the formation of feeling state after comparing a product of the effect of perceived (or results) to his expectations, is the differences function between effect perceived and expectations. The features as followed: subjectivity, instability, the multilevel nature.Customer satisfaction can benefit to the enterprise through ongoing repeat purchase, recommendation of new clients. This is one of the reasons for many businesses to pursuit customer satisfaction. For real estate development enterprises, the significance of customer satisfaction is also reflected in these two areas. As shown in Figure 1, customer satisfaction from the purchase to satisfaction, from satisfaction to loyalty, and finally spread to their own friends and family, this process will result in high profit to real estate development companies. In order to increase customer satisfaction, enterprises should first collect information on customer needs, expectations and habits. These sources of information include: market analysis; through surveys to customers, meetings with customers as well as the concerns of specific customer groups and understand the customer's needs and the customer satisfaction information; not satisfied information from customers services failure report or customers complaining. Secondly, this information should be based on the development of real estate products; it can make use of QFD (Quality Function Deployment) to achieve. Third, we should come up with a solution according to complain and customers services failed report to improve the products and services (Yang 2006).3.3 Network MarketingThe 21st century is the century of network marketing. Real estate networkmarketing refers to a kind of marketing that enterprises make use of computer systems, networks online and interaction digital media to market research, product marketing and other business activities, so as to more effectively individuals and organizations contributed to the realization of transactions in order to achieve the objectives of corporate marketing (Xu 2007). With the advent of the age of electronic commerce, network marketing as a brand-new modern marketing idea will become real estate an irresistible trend.Network marketing has changed the traditional marketing of information “push” mode, and provides a “Pull” approach, consumers on the network can have a lot of initiative, you can decide when browsing, to which pages to visit, browse the contents of the information. In addition, if consumers are interested in real estate ads on the internet, you can click the relevant content, detail more information, real estate enterprises take advantage of this new type of marketing can get the following benefits: (1) Save the cost of marketing activities, (2) Consumers can participate in interactive marketing activities, (3)Use of multimedia functions to introduce a comprehensive real estate projects, (4) Network Marketing breakthroughs of the geographical boundaries of real estate marketing, (5) Provide 24-hour non-stop marketing services (Liu 2008).3.4 Integrated Marketing20th century 90’s, the United States, Professor D•E Schulz, who put forward Integrated Marketing, the basic idea can be summed up in two aspects: on the one hand, advertising, promotion, design, packaging and all communication activities are attributable to advertising campaigns within the framework; On the other hand so that the spread of a unified corporate advisory conveyed to consumers (Liu 2007). Its purpose is to use various means of communication to maximum effectiveness on different stages of marketing, and to establish long-term and maintain the relationship between businesses and consumers ultimately. For the implementation of the integrated marketing project, what consumers see and hear and what feel are exactly the same, the benefits of the project will be numerous different ways to communicate to consumers, consumer can be given a strong shock, so much repeated the same stimulation that the project has strengthened the impression the consumer, that will help increase consumer awareness of the project.Integrated marketing of real estate is formed based on the highly specialized division in the marketing aspect. It is under the guidance of the reunificationmarketing goal, a broad range of integrated marketing dynamic combination of systematic factors, the coordination of the various factors to adapt to the external marketing environment, for the different marketing tools at every stage of project development to play the best , unified, focused on the role, and ultimately establish a corporate image or brand groups, the overall strength and consistency, and to establisha long-term, two-way, to maintain the relationship.4. INNOV ATIVE MODEL OF REAL ESTATE MARKETING STRATEGY4.1 The Connotation of Innovative Model of Real Estate Marketing StrategyWith the development of the real estate industry, the customer has become a leader in the real estate market, real estate companies should shift customer perspective, customer satisfaction is the goal of marketing strategy. As a result of diversification of customer demand, the implementation of the difference between products and service is embodied the essence to achieve this goal. And integrated marketing and network marketing are means to achieve specific goals.Real estate marketing is full of innovation (Sui 2006). The so-called the whole real estate marketing refers to developers in the basis of full understanding and analysis of market demand, make the use of its available range of external and internal resources to optimize the combination, the conceptual design of the project and product positioning, planning and design, marketing plan promoting, property management and many other parts to this plan and co-ordinate the implementation and cost-effective process to make good.4.2 The Application of Innovative Model of Real Estate Marketing StrategyThe new situation setting new challenges to real estate sales, marketing strategy innovation is imperative. When consumers choose to live no longer staying in the emotional consumer, when the market demand shift from emphasis on living life experience to the pursuit of high-quality conversion, real estate access to "quality of the winning" Time. This requires the implementation of total quality marketing in the whole process of development and operation of real estate. From planning to design, from material selection to construction, from recruitment to the service system building, brick by brick, plant by plant, and real estate businesses are willing to invest time and energy to build to enable target customers find valuable “quality”.Total quality marketing is based on customer needs as the guide, focus on improving the quality of products and services, through the whole process of marketing efforts to improve product quality, by driving quality performance toachieve the objectives of customer satisfaction, which is a new marketing idea.The implementation of the comprehensive quality marketing require marketers to pay attention to not only the quality of the whole process of marketing, to implement the quality management of the whole process of marketing (that is, marketing a comprehensive quality management); but also pay attention to the quality of their products, to participate in developing and controlling product quality standards, so that the quality of products can meet consumer demands. On the one hand, through the external marketing of quality control, we can improve customer perceptions of product quality, thereby enhancing customer satisfaction with the product; On the other hand, through internal marketing, we can promote the improvement of product quality.5. CONCLUSIONSAll in all, the starting point of the real estate marketing should be people-oriented and the integrity of the operation, which is an objective requirement of demand-oriented economy. Fundamentally speaking, no one marketing strategy is superior to another channel, therefore real estate developers in the marketing process should not rigidly adhere to a sales channel, but should be in accordance with their respective actual conditions, according to different market situation, consumers and policy, using a variety of marketing mix, giving full play to all kinds of marketing tactics advantages.Real estate marketing is a system, the key lies in its marketing resources in every link of the restructuring process, which requires marketing innovation in the project to do every step of the operation of quantitative, technical and standardization. Real estate marketing includes not only location, environment, room, price, brand, which also covers the design, packaging, and promoting the entire process. Only the professional marketing system by combining the local market characteristics and characteristics of the project itself and is the most effective marketing innovation. Therefore, we should do: (1) Profound insight into the market, (2) Market research innovation, (3) Qualitative and quantitative decision-making combination, (4) Specialized and systematic planning and the promotion of sales planning, (5) Effective implementation and control of sales.译文:房地产营销策略的创新模式摘要：随着房地产行业的快速发展，房地产市场的不断成熟，房地产市场继续移动到一个更高的水平，房地产营销创新已成为企业生存和可持续发展的关键因素。

营销策略外文翻译

营销策略外文翻译文献(文档含中英文对照即英文原文和中文翻译)外文：A marketer’s guide to behavioral economicsApirl.2010 • Ned Welch • McKinsey QuarterlyMarketers have been applying behavioral economics-often unknowingly for years. A more systematic approach can unlock significant value.Long before behavioral economics had a name, marketers were using it. “Three for the price of two” offers and extended-payment layaway plans became widespread because they worked—not because marketers had run scientific studies showing that people prefer a supposedly free incentive to an equivalent price discount or that people often behave irrationally when thinking about future consequences. Yet despite marketing’s inadvertent leadership in using principles of behavioral economics, few companies use them in a systematic way. In this article, we highlight four practical techniques that should be part of every marketer’s tool kit.1. Make a product’s cost less painfulIn almost every purchasing decision, consumers have the option to do nothing: they can always save their money for another day. That’s why the marketer’s task is not just to beat competitors but also to persuade shoppers to part with their money in the first place. According to economic principle, the pain of payment should be identical for every dollar we spend. In marketing practice, however, many factors influence the way consumers value a dollar and how much pain they feel upon spending it. Retailers know that allowing consumers to delay payment can dramatically increase their willingness to buy. One reason delayed payments work is perfectly logical: the time value of money makes future payments less costly than immediate ones. But there is a second, less rational basis for this phenomenon. Payments, like all losses, are viscerally unpleasant. But emotions experienced in the present—now—are especially important. Even small delays in payment can soften the immediate sting ofparting with your money and remove an important barrier to purchase.Another way to minimize the pain of payment is to understand the ways “mental accounting” affects decision making. Consumers use different mental accounts for money they obtain from different sources rather than treating every dollar they own equally, as economists believe they do, or should. Commonly observed mental accounts include windfall gains, pocket money, income, and savings. Windfall gains and pocket money are usually the easiest for consumers to spend. Income is less easy to relinquish, and savings the most difficult of all.Technology creates new frontiers for harnessing mental accounting to benefit both consumers and marketers. A credit card marketer, for instance, could offer a Web-based or mobile-device application that gives consumers real-time feedback on spending against predefined budget and revenue categories—green, say, for below budget, red for above budget, and so on. The budget-conscious consumer is likely to find value in such accounts (although they are not strictly rational) and to concentrate spending on a card that m akes use of them. This would not only increase the issuer’s interchange fees and financing income but also improve the issuer’s view of its customers’ overall financial situation. Finally, of course, such an application would make a genuine contribution to these consumers’ desire to live within their means. 2. Harness the power of a default optionThe evidence is overwhelming that presenting one option as a default increases the chance it will be chosen. Defaults—what you get if you don’t actively make a choice—work partly by instilling a perception of ownership before any purchase takes place, because the pleasure we derive from gains is less intense than the pain from equivalent losses. When we’re “given” something by default, it becomes more valued than it would have been otherwise—and we are more loath to part with it.Savvy marketers can harness these principles. An Italian telecom company, for example, increased the acceptance rate of an offer made to customers when they called to cancel their service. Originally, a script informed them that they would receive 100 free calls if they kept their plan. The script was reworded to say, “We have already credited your account with 100 calls—how could you use those?” Manycustomers did not want to give up free talk time they felt they already owned. Defaults work best when decision makers are too indifferent, confused, or conflicted to consider their options. That principle is particularly relevant in a world that’s increasingly awash with choices—a default eliminates the need to make a decision. The default, however, must also be a good choice for most people. Attempting to mislead customers will ultimately backfire by breeding distrust.3. Don’t overwhelm consumers with choiceWhen a default option isn’t possible, marketers must be wary of generating “choice overload,” which makes consumers less likely to purchase. In a classic field experiment, some grocery store shoppers were offered the chance to taste a selection of 24 jams, while others were offered only 6. The greater variety drew more shoppers to sample the jams, but few made a purchase. By contrast, although fewer consumers stopped to taste the 6 jams on offer, sales from this group were more than five times higher.Large in-store assortments work against marketers in at least two ways. First, these choices make consumers work harder to find their preferred option, a potential barrier to purchase. Second, large assortments increase the likelihood that each choice will become imbued with a “negative halo”—a heightened awareness that every option requires you to forgo desirable features available in some other product. Reducing the number of options makes people likelier not only to reach a decision but also to feel more satisfied with their choice.4. Position your preferred option carefullyEconomists assume that everything has a price: your willingness to pay may be higher than mine, but each of us has a maximum price we’d be willing to pay. How marketers position a product, though, can change the equation. Consider the experience of the jewelry store owner whose consignment of turquoise jewelry wasn’t selling. Displaying it more prominently didn’t achieve anything, nor did increased efforts by her sales staff. Exasperated, she gave her sales manager instructions to mark the lot down “x½” and departed on a buying trip. On her return, she found that the manager misread the note and had mistakenly doubled the price of theitems—and sold the lot.2 In this case, shoppers almost certainly didn’t base their purchases on an absolute maximum price. Instead, they made inferences from the price about the jewelry’s quality, which generated a context-specific willingness to pay. The power of this kind of relative positioning explains why marketers sometimes benefit from o ffering a few clearly inferior options. Even if they don’t sell, they may increase sales of slightly better products the store really wants to move. Similarly, many restaurants find that the second-most-expensive bottle of wine is very popular—and so is the second-cheapest. Customers who buy the former feel they are getting something special but not going over the top. Those who buy the latter feel they are getting a bargain but not being cheap. Sony found the same thing with headphones: consumers buy them at a given price if there is a more expensive option—but not if they are the most expensive option on offer.Another way to position choices relates not to the products a company offers but to the way it displays them. Our research suggests, for instance, that ice cream shoppers in grocery stores look at the brand first, flavor second, and price last. Organizing supermarket aisles according to way consumers prefer to buy specific products makes customers both happier and less likely to base their purchase decisions on price—allowing retailers to sell higher-priced, higher-margin products. (This explains why aisles are rarely organized by price.) For thermostats, by contrast, people generally start with price, then function, and finally brand. The merchandise layout should therefore be quite different.Marketers have long been aware that irrationality helps shape consumer behavior. Behavioral economics can make that irrationality more predictable. Understanding exactly how small changes to the details of an offer can influence the way people react to it is crucial to unlocking significant value—often at very low cost.不可或缺的营销技巧多年来，营销商一直在运用行为经济学，但往往是不自觉地运用。

网络营销策略外文文献翻译

文献出处：Guzzo T, D’Andrea A, Ferri F, et al. Evolution of Marketing Strategies: From Internet Marketing to M-Marketing[C]//On the Move to Meaningful Internet Systems: OTM 2012 Workshops. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012: 627-636.原文Evolution of Marketing Strategies:From Internet Marketing to M-Marketing Tiziana Guzzo, Alessia D’Andrea, Fernando Ferri, and Patrizia Grifoni1 IntroductionMarketing is “the process which creates, communicates, delivers the value to the consumers, and maintains the relationship with consumers. It generates the strategy that underlies sales techniques, business communication, and business developments. It is “an integrated process through which companies build strong consumers relationships and create value for their consumers and for themselves”Marketing strategies have a long history and mainly interested economists and sociologists. The wide use of Internet, pervasiveness of social networks and the evolution of mobile devise are implying a wider involvement of interdisciplinary competences enlarging the interest toward ICT competences.This paper is to describe the evolution of marketing strategies from the advent of the Web (Internet Marketing) - through the advent of Social Networks (Marketing 2.0) - to the evolution of Mobile Social Networks (M-marketing). In particular, the paper analyses the use that Italian people make of mobile devices and the user perception and acceptance of M-marketing.The advent of the Web had a significant impact on the way marketers do their strategies; it provides opportunities for companies to enhance their business in a cost-effective and practical manner. That is, the Web can be used by marketers to distribute products faster, to reach new markets, to conduct marketing research, to serve customers better, to solve customer problems and also to communicate more efficiently with marketing partners. This evolution of marketing is called “Internet Marketing”.The widespread advent of Social Networking stimulated a further development of marketing (Marketing 2.0) defining a new perspective connected to the symmetry of companies and consumers in their communication process. Indeed, consumers do not passively receive marketers’ messages; they actively express their needs, preferences and choices. All these issues stimulated the emerging of new marketing models with different aspects for successful marketing strategies such as: user information sharing and interaction, brand & corporate identity, search engine optimization (SEO) etc.. In the new marketing on Social Networks, databases play an enormous role in allowing the use and the integration of online tools. In particular they make it possible for consumers and companies to login and to have their own profile on a Social Networking site etc.; this give consumers and companies the possibility to connect each other and to fulfill their specific needs for information sharing and interaction and companies the possibility to outline the core concept of identity that, in the case of marketing strategies, can be extended to the analysis of the way in which consumers and companies develop their online profiles. This process can stimulate the presence of small enterprises on the market.However, a stronger change is connected to the popularity of Social Networks, combined with the widespread diffusion of mobile technologies, such as pocket PC, PDA and cell phone; it has given rise to the phenomenon of Mobile Social Networks. Mobile Social Networks are considered to bethe natural evolution of Social Networks; they can be seen as Social Networks communities specialized with mobile services. Mobile devices offer to Social Networks new opportunities connected with real-time location-based services, communication on the move and the sharing of information and services anywhere, anytime. This phenomenon is having a great impact on marketing sector. Mobile marketing (M-marketing) is defined as “the use of the mobile medium as a means of marketing communication” . More specifically, it is “using interactive wireless media to provide customers with time and location sensitive, personalized information that promotes goods, services and ideas, thereby generating value for all stakeholders” .In order to marketers adopt best M-marketing strategies it is very important to understand the use that users make of mobile devices, their perceptions and acceptance in terms of benefits and costs in using Mobile Social Networks for marketing purpose. The integration of Internet Marketing, Marketing 2.0 and M-marketing has led to the development of a new type of marketing: the Viral marketing. The reminder of the paper is organised as follows. Section 2 describes the Internet Marketing by discussing the different marketing ways, their advantages and limitations. Section 3 introduces the Marketing 2.0 by analyzing the benefits for consumers and companies. In Section 4 the different forms of mobile marketing strategies are discussed. Section 5 analyses the use that Italian people make of mobile devices and the user perception and acceptance of M-marketing on considering the characteristics that influence them. Finally Section 6 discusses the viral marketing trend.2 Internet Marketing: Marketing on the WebInternet Marketing is also called online Marketing, Website Marketing or e-Marketing. It is generally referred to the promotion of products or services over the Internet. Among the advantages of Internet Marketing there ismainly its cheapness both for companies and for buyers. Companies can reach a wide audience with minor budget respect to the traditional advertising while consumers can research and purchase products and services conveniently and quickly.There are different ways of Internet Marketing which are listed below:• Pay per Click: is a model where advertisers pay the publisher when the ad is clicked.• Marketing with Affiliates: A company hires one or more affiliates that are paid commission for each visitor that click on the banner or logo. Visitors are onnected to the sponsor’s site for which affiliates are paid a commission.• Search Engine Optimization (SEO): It allow to types keywords in search ngines related to ones product and to have the list of different sites related to that product. SEO maintains ones site to collocate on the first page of the most search engines to attract more traffic. This can give good Return on Investment (ROI) and increase profits.• Advertising t hrough Banner: Advertiser purchases banner to be displayed on the website. Usually, banner marketing is used to divert potential traffic to the site.• Auction through Internet: In a n online auction takes place when items are kept for selling. A minimum price for items is fixed by seller and buyers that offer the highest price will receive that product.• Listing on Directories: People can place their site on or which act as Yellow Pages on the internet. This is cheaper than the other ways of internet marketing, so also small-scale enterprise can use it.3 Marketing 2.0: Marketing on Social NetworksThe advent of Social Networking provides marketers with new potentialities, not available in traditional channels, in particular for the products and services diffusion. The importance of Social Networks and the key aspect of the companies’ interest on them are due to the wide number of consumers that can be reached using these tools. Marketers start from building a loyal constituency of consumers through advertisement on discussion forums, providing links to experts in specific areas for free consultation, and use of knowledge from other forums to honestly counsel consumers. Marketers may also open discussion to specifically attract new members according to their profile of interest. The real advantages of Social Networks can be exploited when marketers use the interactive capabilities of this new medium and build a personal community environment for the consumers, on considering each consumer as an individual in addressing promotional messages, providing all related services at a unique point, and making the virtual community a truly worthwhile place for the consumer to visit. The possibility to individually and interactively address consumers, allows marketers to understand their target better and to provide new products and services in fulfilling the consumers needs. The importance of Social Networking is, moreover, connected to the symmetry between companies and consumers in their communication process. Indeed, consumers do not passively receive marketers’ messages they actively express their needs, preferences and choices. All these features of Social Networks allowed the introduction of different benefits on marketing process; the benefits can be view on considering the consumers as well as the companies’ point of view.From consumers’ p oint of view the key useful characteristics of a Social Network to consider are:• inter-activity: a consumer who joins a Social Network can seek information, test the product and proceed to place order forproducts. Consumers can also have access to the feedback of other people to make better informed decisions.• aggregation of services: a Social Network allows aggregation of different services, coordinated and hyper-linked by the seller of the products or services. This gives consumers access to all the necessary information to make a better purchase decision.• deliverability: a Social Network is delivered in real time 24 hours a day, and 7 days a week.These characteristic allow consumers to:• gather information a bout products and services offered by companies;• interact with other consumers without spatial and temporal constraints and with reduced search costs;• provide information about the product, to the company and to other consumers;• add “collective content” using discussion forums;• have economic benefits deriving from special prices, customized offers and better service from the qualitative point of view;• being part of a powerful bargaining group that can influence important marketing decisions.From the companies point of view the most important benefit that a Social Network an offer is given by the possibility to reach out and build interactive relationships with consumers on a global basis. In the past companies have been constrained by the inadequacies of the traditional channels, particularly in the products and services diffusion. Social Networks have the potential totransform and enhance this activity. As said before the key element for the interest in the use of Social Network is the critical mass of consumers that can be reached. Companies usually start from building a loyal community of consumers through advertisement on discussion forums, providing links to experts in specific areas for free consultation. Companies may also open discussion forums to specifically attract new members according to their profiles of interest. These discussion forums are rich sources of information about companies and their products/services and, at the same time, should be closely monitored by the marketer to identify the needs of the consumers. Companies can also facilitate an immersive experience to consumers, for example, by using 3-D virtual communities such as Second Life, they can create customized graphical user interfaces and include tutorials (Avatar), which can better explain to consumers how to move around and interact with the environment.Many real-word companies are taking interest in this latest online trend. American Apparel is the first "real world" company that has opened a store in the virtual world of Second Life. Its ultra-modern clothing store is located on a beach resort and has quickly become a hot spot within Second Life. Second life provides companies with the opportunity to build a strong trademark. Some brand owners have established an online presence by building retail stores to sell products in the real world. Moreover they have the possibility to create an event in the largest world virtual 3-D environment to directly communicate with the wide audience of the community members. For example, the MacArthur Foundation uses events on Second Life to introduce the foundation to a new audience and to stimulate discussions about the real-world issues that it seeks to resolve; William Gibson, the influential author who coined the word "cyberspace", had a reading in Second Life to promote his novel “Spook Country”; the Royal Liverpool Philharmonic have built a replica of their concert hall where they will perform works by Rachmaninov.4 M-Marketing: Marketing on Mobile Social NetworksToday we live in a mobile-devices-focused society. Mobile technologies, such as PDA, pocket PC and cell phone, transform interpersonal communications, which are independent from the fixed location, and result in the phenomenon of “situated nowhere,” in which communication occurs everywhere. Several studies individuate and classify mobile devices properties. In particular Klopfer et al. in classify the following five property classes, to characterise mobile devices:• Connectivity.• Social interactivity.• Individuality.• Context sensitivity.• Portability.The widespread diffusion of Mobile Social Networks have great impact on marketing strategies; from marketing 2.0 we move to M-marketing that is defined as “the transactions of commodities, services, or information over the Internet through the use of mobile handheld devices” . M-marketing has generally been viewed as “an extension of marketing 2.0 beyond the static terminal of the PC/TV to anytime, anyplace, anywhere on mobile and other wireless devices” . M-marketing on Social Networks are increasingly a vital component of brand marketers' strategies, creating a rush to develop content and advertising to consumers via on their mobile devices. There are many forms of M-marketing such as Short Message Servic (SMS), Multimedia Message Service (MMS), Mobile Web Marketing, and Location-based Services:译文营销策略的演变从网络营销到移动营销1 引言营销是“创造、沟通、向消费者提供价值并维护与客户的关系的过程”。

4P营销策略和营销渠道外文文献翻译2014年译文3000多字

4P营销策略和营销渠道外文文献翻译2014年译文3000多字XXX market。

In this article。

we will discuss the importance of a well-XXX channels that can be used to reach out to potential customers.Marketing StrategyA marketing strategy is a plan of n that a business uses to promote its products or services to its target audience。

It involves identifying the target market。

understanding their needs and preferences。

XXX should be based on the company's strengths and weaknesses。

as well as the XXX present in the market.The first step in XXX n about the target audience。

their preferences。

and their r。

The research XXX needs.Once the product or service is developed。

the next step is to create a marketing plan。

This plan should include the different marketing channels that will be used to reach out to potentialcustomers。

The marketing channels can include advertising。

4P营销策略和营销渠道外文文献翻译2014年译文3000多字

4P营销策略和营销渠道外文文献翻译2014年译文3000多字XXX of any business that aims to reach its target market and achieve XXX market a product or service。

businesses must XXX audience.Marketing StrategyA XXX It involves identifying the target market。

analyzing the n。

XXX businesses increase brand awareness。

generate leads。

and XXX.XXX nXXX audience。

These channels can include XXX advertising。

n commercials。

and direct mail。

as well as digital methods such as social media。

email marketing。

and search engine XXX.nal Marketing Channelsnal marketing channels have been used for XXX and magazines。

and n commercials。

and direct mail campaigns are all examples of nal marketing channels。

These channels can be effective for reaching a wide audience。

but they can also be XXX.Digital Marketing ChannelsXXX years due to the rise of the。

and social media。

(完整版)外文翻译(营销策略)

附件1：外文资料翻译译文营销策略内容提要：为了组织的销售能是成功的，它需要根据一个营销策略计划来帮助保证其努力的目标和宗旨与市场的需要想吻合。

营销策略审查市场以确定潜在顾客的需要，竞争者的战略和市场地位，并且尝试制定出一套能使组织在市场上获取或维护竞争优势的相关战略。

有一些因素会对营销策略计划的发展造成冲击性的影响，它包括内部因素例如组织的财产、技能和组织文化，外在因素例如各种各样的市场驱动者、市场或产业运作方式、战略窗口和竞争的本质。

一个优选的营销策略计划也需具备一套意外情况防备策略以应对市场治理及组织生产能力的不确定性。

关键词：竞争优势竞争策略市场地位市场份额营销销售计划组织文化营销策略营销策略简述无论组织的产品或服务多么好，除非它们的价值能被传达给潜在的顾客，否则组织依然无法实现它的使命。

这种传达和交流是组织内市场营销功能的职责。

根据美国市场协会，营销是“一个组织效能和一套创造过程、交流和传达产品价值给顾客、处理与顾客关系的有益于组织和它的利益共享者的方式”。

营销作用包括相辅相成的两方面。

营销策略在市场上审查市场来确定潜在顾客和竞争者本质的需要，并且试图开发出在市场上将使组织获取或维护竞争优势的战略。

操作的营销被建立在营销策略作用和贯彻各种各样的计划和策略(包括适当的混合营销的发展)吸引顾客和促进顾客忠实的基础之上的。

产品和服务营销的方法有很多的方式能用来销售你的产品或服务包括做广告，直接响应、推销活动和宣传。

然而，除非你能了解顾客、市场和产业的需要并且竞争的优势和劣势，否则这些方法是不太可能成功的。

营销策略帮助一个组织尖化它的焦点和在市场顺利地竞争。

营销策略与二个组分有关：目标市场和用最佳的方式传达你的产品价值或服务到那个市场。

一个可实行的销售方针的发展取决于几个关键维度。

首先，与组织之内的所有全球性战略一样，一个成功的销售方针需要由在组织之内的最高管理层签名。

销售方针本质上也具有政治性的色彩：在组织之内的强有力的单位在最佳的销售方针也许不同意，并且协议也许需要谈判达成。

4P营销策略和营销渠道外文文献翻译2014年译文3000多字

文献出处: Majid. Marketing Strategy and Marketing Channels of Communication[J]. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 2014, 4(3): 345-360. 原文Marketing Strategy and Marketing Channels of CommunicationMajidIntroductionNowadays, services dynamic world makes marketing promotions important more than last times. A service should be designed based on the customer needs and its price is realistic. It also is necessary that the services be distributed through convenience distribution channels and be advertised among customers actively. New companies should attempt to regulate their products price appropriately and also make communicational efforts so exactly that be able to make position for them which is attractive for target market customers. Generally, the strategies can be divided into three groups including total, business, and functional strategies. The functional strategies refer to the applied attitude in a business unit for achieving companies and businesses main goals through maximizing resources productivity. Functional strategies include marketing, financial, research and development, production and operations, human resources management, and information systems. So, marketing strategy is considered as a functional strategy.Marketing strategies refer to tools which can be used for achieving goals. These strategies refer to this question “how goals can be achieved?” Marketing design success depends on the efficiency of marketing strategies. It is possible to determine a strategy for every marketing mix elements (Hart, 2003). Indeed, marketing strategy includes different variables that the company can control them or which the company can adapt itself with them so exactly that helps the organization to achieve its goals. Indeed, it is the internal facilities and authorities that can be controlled. On the other hand, demand, competition forces, distribution structure, marketing rules, and non-marketing costs are the main uncontrollable (environmental) variables. The marketing strategy controllable variables include product, price, place, distribution, people (employees), assets, process, and physical equipment.Review of literatureGenerally, marketing mix refers to the marketing managements’ main efforts. After select ing a target market, marketing managers have to develop a systematic sales plan for attracting customers and creating long-term relations with them. Marketing plan is resulted from managerial decisions in terms of marketing mix (product, price, place, and promotion). Indeed, these are the most important parameters which marketing managers allocate company’s resources for them in order to achieve sales and profit goals (Goi, 2009). Review of marketing literature reveals that 4Ps is the most acceptable marketing mix which includes product, price, place (distribution), and promotion. The concept of marketing mix has been introduced by Bourden (1950) for them first time in the frame of 4Ps (Nakhchian, 2009).The services marketing theorists study the differences between services and goods marketing. Smith pointed out that a large part of these efforts are focused on the marketing mix concept. He believes that the services marketing mix is different from good marketing mix. Indeed, he stresses that services marketing requires different decisions than goods marketing. He differentiates services marketing from goods marketing. He suggests that people (employees), physical assets, and processes are other elements of services marketing mix than goods marketing mix. In other words, Smith believes that services marketing mix consists of 7 elements including product, price, place (distribution), promotion, people (employees), physical assets, and processes (Kotler, 2004). ProductProduct refers to a marketing mix element that is related to creativity and development in the product management. Product decisions are very important, as these decisions are related to the production so that satisfy customers’ needs and wants.PricingPrice is one of the fundamental marketing mix elements. Indeed, price should is acceptable for final consumers and determines other marketing mix elements. Services price is a value that services provider make. It should have adaptability with customer perception. If a service price is very high, the customers do not use it and vice versa. In other words, if the service price is low, the customers perceive it as a low-quality and undesirable services. Many services providers offer different types of services for market segments (Kotler, 2004).PromotionPromotional plans are developed for informing target customers from company’s products.Unfortunately, some people think that the effective marketing efforts (providing appropriate services with appropriate price levels in a favorable place for s atisfying customers’ needs and wants) do not need comprehensive advertisements. Generally, promotional efforts include direct marketing, public relations, advertisements, sales promotions (Roosta et al., 2001).Marketing and advertisement professionals like talking about consumption markets, consumers, and customers. On the other hand, public relations specialists interest in publicity, audience, and stakeholders. These groups are the people who are influenced by company and also influence it. From their perspective, public relations are free from any encouragement and persuasion. Indeed, the ideal purpose of public relations is to create perception and cooperation by which two-way dialogue will be possible. Based on the definition, marketing efforts are developed in order to encourage customers and consumers for purchasing and consuming goods and services (Willcocks, 2007).PlacePlace (distribution) refers to the process of delivering products to the customers sufficiently and minimizing transportation and saving costs. In other words, place or distribution is the process of providing services in the best place and time and in a best manner.Functions of distribution channelAs indicated in the previous sections, distribution channel is a system by which products are transmitted from producers to the customers. The members of distribution channel are obligated to do the following functions:1. Information: collecting necessary information for planning2. Advertisement: preparing and broadcasting persuasive information about products3. Contact: finding and contacting potential buyers.4. Adaption: forming and preparing products which are adaptable with buyers’ taste and desires.5. Negotiation: negotiating about price and other transaction conditions.Offensive marketingIn in the end of 20th century, marketing professionals found that the successful marketing is not the sum of marketing employees’ common and day-to-day marketing efforts. They point out that marketing is a phenomenon which consists of thoughts, actions, competition, and process ofmarketing design. Davishen (2000) suggests a modern marketing theory which is known as offensive marketing. The reason is that the common approach to marketing is a utility approach. The profit secures busin ess’ survive. This is the main factor which makes marketing efforts as the leader in every company. In order to use offensive marketing approach, it is necessary that not only the company is free from bureaucratic process and procedures, but also it is followed that a good marketing effort is possible through agility and economic capability.Nowadays, it has been forgotten, as successful marketing is creation of opportunity which derives from appropriate attitudes, organizing, and marketing techniques. This is why that offensive marketing approach offers a simple formula which refers to the implementation of fundamental marketing plans through hardworking and happy employees. The present study has been aimed to introduce aggressive, marketing approach as an effective approach is development of internal and international marketing among businesses.Offensive marketingIt is very difficult to find a sound and agreed definition of marketing. Some authors consider marketing as a price management technique and some others refer to marketing from financial perspective. There are a third group of authors who consider marketing as a combination of both previous techniques. On the other hand, some authors consider marketing as an organizational department and some others believe that marketing is the factor of sales. The consulters of Oxford Company point out that effective management of customer benefits is the best definition for marketing. It is should be remembered the construct of “customers” refers to both inter nal and external customers in which external customers are products buyers and internal ones are organizational members (employees). The concept of “customer benefits” refers to the appropriate combination of price and quality. In this regard, management is the process of acquiring or producing customer benefits in the goods and services. Although this definition of marketing, profitability of the marketing process is not referred, but the concept of effective management shows the importance of producing customer benefits.It is should be remembered that marketing is considered as an administrative function in many companies and employees of other departments do not play any role in the marketing process, as they have not any contact with external customers. Offensive marketing attempts to change this meaning so that any organizational member considers his/herself as a marketer. Inoffensive marketing approach, marketing requires that every organizational member has a role in delivering customer value by which the organization will achieve its organizational goals. In such as approach, marketing professionals have to educate other departments’ employees.Based on the offensive marketing approach, every organizational member follow two main goals. The first is increasing customer benefits which results from goods and services sale. The second is achieving higher levels of profitability more than industry’s common profit level. In this process, the offensive marketer paves the ground for pure production. Their ideal purpose is to produce goods and provide services with high quality and low price. Indeed, price and quality are the main fundamentals of customer priority. Indeed, when the company achieves the most profitability that its customer perceive a good quality with appropriate price. Undoubtedly, it is difficult to find and maintain a condition in which the company achieves the most profitability. Customer benefits are actual phenomenon which focuses on the customer’s objective criteria. Maintaining these criteria requires continuous performance improvement, as the best improvements and innovations in the products will be duplicated by competitors. As a result, competitors enter the market with better performance. On the other hand, increase in the customers’ experiences in different areas results in more expectations in them. This is why that the company will be unsuccessful, if it cannot improve its products continuously. As a result, the customers go toward competitors. It should not be forgotten that there is a significant relationship between satisfying customers’ needs and wants and company’s profitability. In other words, customers’ loyalty to products is a gift that the customer gives to the organization. It can be seemed that the companies with higher levels of customer loyalty achieve more profitability. It is should be remembered that both internal and external customers evaluate the products based on a single criterion: “are the products satisfy the customers’ needs and wants?” customer satisfaction has a deeper meaning in offensive marketing literature. Indeed, it refers that the company should adapt its strengths with appropriate market opportunities in a best manner. Also it refers that the company should do its efforts with low costs in order to satisfy its customers’ needs and wants. Indeed, business should consider themselves as the customers’ agent. The most important competitive advantage of Japanese companies such as Toyota is their capability in creating and maintaining customer benefits. Th e phrase of “achieving high profitability” means that the businesses should be able to better than their competitors in terms of main criteria such as sales,return on investment, and economic added-value. It is the customer benefits that make customer loyal to the company. Offensive marketing focuses on the long-term growth management. If a company invests in producing goods and providing services in accordance with customers’ needs and wants continuously, it will be able to improve its customers’ benefits and achieve its short-term and long-term goals.译文营销策略和营销沟通渠道马吉德引言如今,服务动态的世界使市场营销活动的重要重要性扩大了一倍以上。

零售企业营销策略中英文对照外文翻译文献

零售企业营销策略中英文对照外文翻译文献随着全球化的不断深入，零售企业的营销策略已经成为企业成功的关键因素之一。

在国内外，许多学者和实践者都在探讨零售企业的营销策略，并取得了一定的研究成果。

本文将介绍零售企业营销策略的中英文对照，并对外文翻译文献进行探讨。

一、零售企业营销策略的概念及重要性零售企业营销策略是指通过制定和实施一系列营销策略，来满足消费者需求，实现企业目标的过程。

这些策略包括产品定位、价格策略、促销活动、渠道策略等。

在日益竞争激烈的市场环境中，零售企业的营销策略对于企业的生存和发展至关重要。

二、零售企业营销策略的中英文对照1、产品定位（Product Positioning）：产品定位是指企业在目标消费者心中为产品建立独特形象的过程。

在英文中，产品定位通常被称为Product Positioning。

2、价格策略（Pricing Strategy）：价格策略是指企业根据市场需求和竞争状况制定价格的过程。

在英文中，价格策略通常被称为Pricing Strategy。

3、促销活动（Promotion）：促销活动是指企业通过各种手段刺激消费者购买的过程。

在英文中，促销活动通常被称为Promotion。

4、渠道策略（Channel Strategy）：渠道策略是指企业选择合适的销售渠道，以实现产品的销售目标的过程。

在英文中，渠道策略通常被称为Channel Strategy。

三、外文翻译文献探讨在研究零售企业营销策略的过程中，许多学者和实践者都进行了深入的研究和探讨。

其中，最具代表性的外文翻译文献包括《零售管理》、《营销管理》等。

这些文献提供了对零售企业营销策略的全面分析和实践经验的总结，对于指导企业制定和实施有效的营销策略具有重要意义。

《零售管理》一书主要介绍了零售企业的组织结构、运营管理、营销策略等方面的内容。

其中，在营销策略方面，作者提出了产品定位、价格策略、促销活动、渠道策略等关键因素，并详细阐述了这些因素对于企业成功的重要性。

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