2016年徐州市中考模拟试卷一(含答案)
2016年江苏省徐州市中考地理模拟试卷.doc
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2016年江苏省徐州市中考地理模拟试卷(一)一、选择题(请把正确答案填在答题框中,每题2分,共40分)1.下面四幅地形剖面示意图中,最能反映我国地势特征的是()A.B.C.D.暑假,小明随父母去沙漠探险,遇风沙天气而迷路,小明用手机拨通了求助电话,求助站通过全球定位系统(GPS)马上在地图上(如图)找到了小明的准确地点,使小明一家顺利到达安全位置.据此回答2~4题.2.求助站GPS地图上所显示的小明一家的经纬度位置是()A.40°S,80°W B.40°N,80°E C.40°N,80°W D.40°S,80°E3.求助站位于小明的什么方向?()A.西北方B.西南方C.东北方D.东南方4.下列关于地球自转的叙述正确的是()A.自转周期约为365天B.自转方向是自西向东C.自转周期约为12小时D.自转产生了昼夜长短的变化读“亚洲大陆沿30°N地形剖面图”,回答5~6题.5.关于亚洲的地形地势特点叙述正确的是()①地形复杂多样,以高原、山地为主②地势西高东低,呈阶梯状分布③地形单一,以平原为主④地势中间高、四周低.A.①② B.③④ C.②③ D.①④6.图中①②分别代表亚洲陆地海拔的最低点和最高点,其代号与地形名称对应正确的是()A.①﹣里海B.②﹣珠穆朗玛峰C.①﹣红海D.②﹣乔戈里峰图为某地等高线地形图,读图完成7~10题.7.A山峰与E地的相对高度可能是()A.410米B.350米C.600米D.950米8.若两山峰之间的图上距离约为2.5 厘米,则两地之间的实地距离约()A.5千米B.2.5千米C.50千米D.25千米9.B河流的流向大致为()A.由北向南流B.由南向北流C.由东向西流D.由西向东流10.C、D代表的地形部位名称分别是()A.山脊、山谷B.山谷、陡崖C.山峰、鞍部D.山脊、陡崖11.下列省区轮廓与其对应的简称错误的是()A.B.C.D.第31届夏季奥林匹克运动会,将于2016年8月份在巴西的里约热内卢举办.阅读巴西地形图回答12~14题.12.下列关于巴西的自然地理特征描述正确的是()A.巴西高原是世界最高的高原B.有世界最大的热带雨林气候区C.亚马孙河是世界最长的河流D.东临的海洋B是太平洋13.下列有关巴西的说法,正确的是()A.人口集中分布在东北沿海地区B.是拉丁美洲人口最多的国家C.巴西利亚位于亚马孙平原D.有丰富的石油资源并大量出口14.巴西里约热内卢(西三区)奥运会开幕式预定于2016年8月5日晚八点正式举行,在北京(东八区)小丽收看现场直播的时间是()A.2016年8月6日7点B.2016年8月5日19点C.2016年8月5日9点D.2016年8月4日21点读某河流水系图,回答15~16题15.判断下列说法错误的是()A.图中字母A山脉走向为西北﹣东南走向,此山脉为阿尔泰山B.该河③﹣④处河段流经黄土高原,水土流失严重C.山脉B为我国重要的地理分界线,北侧主要种植粮食作物为小麦D.该河为我国第二长河,最终注入渤海16.图中字母A、E、F、C山脉中属于地势第二、第三阶梯分界线的是()A.字母A B.字母E C.字母F D.字母C图为“中国地理分区图”,据此回答17~19题.17.贝贝旅行回来说:“我去了一个雪山连绵,牦牛成群的地方,还看到了长江、黄河源头的标志.”根据贝贝的描述,请问她去的是图中哪个区域?()A.甲B.乙C.丙D.丁18.下列关于图中虚线的叙述错误的是()A.该线是我国人口地理分界线B.该线大致是黑龙江省黑河至云南省腾冲的连线C.该线东南部人口少,密度小;西北部人口多,密度大D.该线反应了我国人口分布极不均衡19.丙区域自然环境突出的特征是()A.干旱B.湿热C.高寒D.酷寒20.我国年降水量分布的总趋势是()A.夏秋多、冬春少B.均匀分布C.内陆多、沿海少D.由东南沿海向西北内陆递减二、判断题(正确的打√,错误的打╳,请把答案填在答题框中,共10分)21.读“台湾省轮廓图”,判断下列题正误(1)台湾省东临太平洋,西隔台湾海峡与广东省相望(2)台湾省地势西高东低,平原集中分布在东部(3)台湾省东临太平洋,北回归线穿过台湾岛中南部.22.日本当地时间2016年4月16日凌晨日本熊本县发生里氏7.3级地震,截至19日,遇难人数已经升至45人.据图判断下列题正误(1)日本位于亚欧板块和太平洋板块交界地带,所以多火山地震(2)根据右图可以判断出澳大利亚大陆位于C板块,属于太平洋板块(3)日本发生地震时,澳大利亚正处于春季(4)从我国运两箱急救药品到日本应选择航空运输.23.读“世界海陆分布图”判断下列题正误(1)图中①处为南北美洲分界线苏伊士运河(2)图中②处为世界最大的平原亚马孙平原,人口稠密(3)图中③处人种为黄色人种.2016年江苏省徐州市中考地理模拟试卷(一)参考答案与试题解析一、选择题(请把正确答案填在答题框中,每题2分,共40分)1.下面四幅地形剖面示意图中,最能反映我国地势特征的是()A.B.C.D.【考点】地势西高东低、呈阶梯状分布.【分析】我国地势西高东低,呈三级阶梯分布.位于第一阶梯上的地形区主要有青藏高原和柴达木盆地,位于第二阶梯上的地形区主要有黄土高原、内蒙古高原、云贵高原、塔里木盆地、准噶尔盆地、四川盆地,位于第三阶梯上地形区主要有东北平原、华北平原、长江中下游平原、山东丘陵、辽东丘陵、东南丘陵.【解答】解:我国的地势特点是西高东低,呈三级阶梯状分布.故选:D.暑假,小明随父母去沙漠探险,遇风沙天气而迷路,小明用手机拨通了求助电话,求助站通过全球定位系统(GPS)马上在地图上(如图)找到了小明的准确地点,使小明一家顺利到达安全位置.据此回答2~4题.2.求助站GPS地图上所显示的小明一家的经纬度位置是()A.40°S,80°W B.40°N,80°E C.40°N,80°W D.40°S,80°E【考点】用经纬网确定方向和任意地点的位置.【分析】由经线和纬线相互交织所构成的网络叫做经纬网,利用经纬网可以确定地球表面任何一个地点的位置.在经纬网上,经线的度数叫做经度,若相邻两条经线的经度向东增大,就是东经,用符号E表示,若相邻两条经线的经度向西增大,就是西经,用符号W表示;纬线的度数叫纬度,若相邻两条纬线的纬度向北增大,就是北纬,用符号N表示,若相邻两条纬线的纬度向南增大,就是南纬,用符号S表示;【解答】解:在经纬网上,经线的度数叫做经度,若相邻两条经线的经度向东增大,就是东经,用符号E表示;读图可知,图中小明一家所在的经度位置是80°E;纬线的度数叫纬度,若相邻两条纬线的纬度向北增大,就是北纬,用符号N表示.图中小明一家所在的纬度位置是40°N,即小明一家所在的经纬度位置是(80°E,40°N),故选项B正确.故选:B.3.求助站位于小明的什么方向?()A.西北方B.西南方C.东北方D.东南方【考点】用经纬网确定方向和任意地点的位置.【分析】由经线和纬线相互交织所构成的网络叫做经纬网,利用经纬网可以确定地球表面任何一个地点的位置.在经纬网图上,经线的度数叫做经度,经线指示南北方向;若相邻两条经线的经度向东增大,就是东经,用符号E表示,若相邻两条经线的经度向西增大,就是西经,用符号W表示;纬线的度数叫纬度,纬线指示东西方向;若相邻两条纬线的纬度向北增大,就是北纬,用符号N表示,若相邻两条纬线的纬度向南增大,就是南纬,用符号S 表示.【解答】解:在经纬网图上,经线的度数叫做经度,经线指示南北方向;纬线的度数叫纬度,纬线指示东西方向.读图可知,求助站位于小明的东北方向;故选项C符合题意.故选:C.4.下列关于地球自转的叙述正确的是()A.自转周期约为365天B.自转方向是自西向东C.自转周期约为12小时D.自转产生了昼夜长短的变化【考点】地球自转及其方向和周期.【分析】地球自转,每时每刻都在改变着一个地方太阳辐射的强度.人们在经历昼夜更替的同时,也感受着天气的变化.【解答】解:地球自转是地球绕地轴自西向东转动的运动方式,其周期为一天.我们每天经历的昼夜更替,看到日月星辰的东升西落,时区的差异(东部的时刻早于西部),主要是由于地球自转运动所产生的地理现象.故选:B.读“亚洲大陆沿30°N地形剖面图”,回答5~6题.5.关于亚洲的地形地势特点叙述正确的是()①地形复杂多样,以高原、山地为主②地势西高东低,呈阶梯状分布③地形单一,以平原为主④地势中间高、四周低.A.①② B.③④ C.②③ D.①④【考点】亚洲的地形、地势及其影响.【分析】亚洲主要位于东半球和北半球.从纬度位置来看,亚洲北部深入北极圈内,南部延伸到赤道以南.从海陆位置来看,亚洲东、北、南三面分别濒临太平洋、北冰洋和印度洋,西与欧洲相连,西南与非洲为邻,东北隔白令海峡与北美洲相望.亚洲面积约4400万千米2,是世界第一大洲.【解答】解:亚洲地形有三大特征.一是地形以高原、山地为主,平均海拔高.亚洲山地和高原约占总面积的3/4.二是地面起伏大,高低悬殊.喜马拉雅山脉主峰珠穆朗玛峰,是世界最高的山峰,号称“地球之巅”;死海的湖面,是世界陆地表面最低处.三是地势中部高,四周低.“世界屋脊”青藏高原雄踞亚洲中部,喜马拉雅山脉等众多高大的山脉,以帕米尔高原为中心向四周延伸.故选:D6.图中①②分别代表亚洲陆地海拔的最低点和最高点,其代号与地形名称对应正确的是()A.①﹣里海B.②﹣珠穆朗玛峰C.①﹣红海D.②﹣乔戈里峰【考点】亚洲的地形、地势及其影响.【分析】亚洲地形以高原、山地为主,平均海拔高.亚洲山地和高原约占总面积的3/4,全洲平均海拔950米,是除南极洲以外海拔最高的大洲.【解答】解:亚洲地面起伏大,高低悬殊.亚洲有世界上最高的青藏高原和低平的西西伯利亚大平原.喜马拉雅山脉主峰②珠穆朗玛峰,是世界最高的山峰,号称“地球之巅”;①死海的湖面,是世界陆地表面最低处.故选:B.图为某地等高线地形图,读图完成7~10题.7.A山峰与E地的相对高度可能是()A.410米B.350米C.600米D.950米【考点】等高线地形图的判读.【分析】海拔是地面某个地点高出海平面的垂直距离;相对高度是地面某个地点高出另一个地点的垂直距离,即两个地点之间的高度差.【解答】解:海拔是地面某一个地点高出海平面的垂直距离,相对高度是指地面某个地点高出另一个地点的垂直距离,即两个地点之间的高度差.读图可知,图中的等高距为100米,A山峰海拔高度在900米~1000米之间,E地海拔高度约600米,A山峰与E地的相对高度是﹣600米,即300米~400米之间.故选项B正确.故选:B.8.若两山峰之间的图上距离约为2.5 厘米,则两地之间的实地距离约()A.5千米B.2.5千米C.50千米D.25千米【考点】等高线地形图的判读.【分析】比例尺表示图上距离比实地距离缩小的程度,用公式表示为:比例尺=.【解答】解:读图可知,图中的比例尺为1:200000,若两山峰之间的图上距离约为2.5 厘米,则两地之间的实地距离约2.5厘米×200000=5千米.故选项A符合题意.故选:A.9.B河流的流向大致为()A.由北向南流B.由南向北流C.由东向西流D.由西向东流【考点】等高线地形图的判读.【分析】地图上判断方向的方法:在有经纬网的地图上,根据经纬网判断方向;经线指示南北,纬线指示东西.在有指向标的地图上,用指向标判断方向,指向标箭头所指的方向为北向.在没有指向标和经纬网的地图上,根据“上北下南,左西右东”的方法判断方向.【解答】解:读图可知,该等高线地形图中没有指向标,应根据“上北下南,左西右东”判断方向;图中B河流的流向大致为自北向南流;故选项A符合题意.故选:A.10.C、D代表的地形部位名称分别是()A.山脊、山谷B.山谷、陡崖C.山峰、鞍部D.山脊、陡崖【考点】等高线地形图的判读.【分析】在等高线地形图上,等高线闭合且等高线数值中间高四周低则为山顶;两山顶之间相对低洼的部位为鞍部;等高线闭合且等高线数值中间低四周高则为盆地;等高线向海拔低处凸为山脊;等高线向海拔高处凸为山谷;几条海拔高度不同的等高线重合的部位是陡崖.等高线稀疏,坡度平缓;等高线密集,坡度较陡.【解答】解:读图可知,图中C处等高线向海拔低处凸,为山脊;D处是几条海拔高度不同的等高线重合的部位,为陡崖.故选项D符合题意.故选:D.11.下列省区轮廓与其对应的简称错误的是()A.B.C.D.【考点】中国各省级行政区的简称和行政中心.【分析】能根据图片轮廓来判断各省区的名称,是解题的关键.【解答】解:根据轮廓可知A为陕西省,简称陕或秦;B为黑龙江省,简称黑;C为山东省,简称鲁;D为云南省,简称云或滇.故选:D.第31届夏季奥林匹克运动会,将于2016年8月份在巴西的里约热内卢举办.阅读巴西地形图回答12~14题.12.下列关于巴西的自然地理特征描述正确的是()A.巴西高原是世界最高的高原B.有世界最大的热带雨林气候区C.亚马孙河是世界最长的河流D.东临的海洋B是太平洋【考点】巴西对亚马孙河流域热带雨林的开发与保护.【分析】巴西是南美洲最大的国家,是南美洲经济实力最强的国家,其人口多分布在东部沿海地区,亚马孙平原人口稀少,圣保罗是巴西第一大城市,里约热内卢是巴西最大的海港,巴西利亚是巴西的首都,巴西北部的亚马孙平原覆盖着地球上最大的热带雨林.【解答】解:世界最高的高原是青藏高原;故A叙述错误,不符合题意.巴西的亚马孙平原上为热带雨林气候,是世界最大的热带雨林气候区;故B叙述正确,符合题意.亚马孙河长度居第二位,尼罗河是世界第一长河;故C叙述错误,不符合题意.巴西东临的海洋B是大西洋;故D叙述错误,不符合题意.故选:B.13.下列有关巴西的说法,正确的是()A.人口集中分布在东北沿海地区B.是拉丁美洲人口最多的国家C.巴西利亚位于亚马孙平原D.有丰富的石油资源并大量出口【考点】巴西的人口分布和城市.【分析】巴西是南美洲最大的国家,其人口多分布在东部沿海地区,圣保罗是巴西第一大城市,里约热内卢是巴西最大的海港,巴西的两大地形区是亚马孙平原和巴西高原,巴西是世界上最大的咖啡生产国和出口国.【解答】解:巴西的人口主要分布在东南沿海地区,故A错误;巴西是拉丁美洲人口最多的国家,故B正确;巴西利亚位于巴西高原上,故C错误;巴西有丰富的铁矿资源并大量出口,故D错误.故选:B.14.巴西里约热内卢(西三区)奥运会开幕式预定于2016年8月5日晚八点正式举行,在北京(东八区)小丽收看现场直播的时间是()A.2016年8月6日7点B.2016年8月5日19点C.2016年8月5日9点D.2016年8月4日21点【考点】世界的时区划分和区时差.【分析】理解“东加西减”,推算区时.已知西侧时区的区时,求东侧时区的区时,要用加法,即“东加”;已知东侧时区的区时,求西侧时区的区时,要用减法,即“西减”.【解答】解:东八区与西三区相差11个时区,也就是相差11个小时,按照东加西减的原则,当巴西里约热内卢(西三区)的时间为2016年8月5日20点,北京(东八区)是2016年8月6日7点.故选:A.读某河流水系图,回答15~16题15.判断下列说法错误的是()A.图中字母A山脉走向为西北﹣东南走向,此山脉为阿尔泰山B.该河③﹣④处河段流经黄土高原,水土流失严重C.山脉B为我国重要的地理分界线,北侧主要种植粮食作物为小麦D.该河为我国第二长河,最终注入渤海【考点】黄河上中下游的分界点及各河段的特征.【分析】黄河中游流经黄土高原,由于水土流失严重,河流泥沙大增,下游在华北平原上,河床宽坦,水流缓慢,泥沙大量淤积,使河床抬高,成为举世闻名的地上河.基本无支流汇入,流域面积狭小.长期以来,人们采取修筑堤防的方式来约束洪水,致使河床与两岸地面的高差越来越大.历史上黄河下游曾多次决口泛滥,给华北平原地区的人民带来了沉重的灾难.【解答】解:A、图中字母A山脉走向为西北﹣东南走向,此山脉为祁连山.故A符合题意;B、黄河从③河口到河南郑州④桃花峪为中游.黄河中游穿行于土质疏松、植被稀少的黄土高原,在夏季暴雨的冲刷下,黄土高原水土流失严重,有无定河、汾河、渭河等支流汇入,随着流量的不断增加,河水的含沙量也急剧上升.进入黄河的泥沙近90%来自于中游流域.故B不符合题意;C、以B秦岭、淮河为界,北方平原广阔,耕地多,但热量较低,降水较少,以旱地为主,主要粮食作物是小麦;南方多丘陵、山地,但热量高,降水丰沛,以水田为主,主要粮食作物是水稻.故C不符合题意.D、黄河是我国第二长河,也是世界著名大河之一.它源自巴颜喀拉山,流经青海、四川等9省区,注入渤海.故D不符合题意.故选:A.16.图中字母A、E、F、C山脉中属于地势第二、第三阶梯分界线的是()A.字母A B.字母E C.字母F D.字母C【考点】我国主要山脉的走向和分布.【分析】中国地势西高东低,呈三级阶梯分布.第一阶梯和第二阶梯的分界山脉是昆仑山脉、祁连山脉、横断山脉一线,第二阶梯和第三阶梯的分界山脉是大兴安岭、太行山、巫山、雪峰山一线.【解答】解:读图可知,图中A是祁连山脉,E是阴山山脉,F贺兰山脉,C是太行山脉;我国第二阶梯和第三阶梯的分界山脉是大兴安岭、太行山、巫山、雪峰山一线.故选项D 符合题意.故选:D.图为“中国地理分区图”,据此回答17~19题.17.贝贝旅行回来说:“我去了一个雪山连绵,牦牛成群的地方,还看到了长江、黄河源头的标志.”根据贝贝的描述,请问她去的是图中哪个区域?()A.甲B.乙C.丙D.丁【考点】我四大地理区域及其划分.【分析】我国幅员辽阔,自然环境复杂多样,形成了各具特色的地理区域.在中国地图上,把秦岭﹣淮河线、400毫米年等降水量线和青藏高原边缘线这三条重要的地理界线结合起来,并根据实际情况作一定的调整,就把我国划分为四大地理区域,即北方地区、南方地区、青藏地区和西北地区.【解答】解:读图可知,图中的甲为南方地区、乙为北方地区、丙为西北地区,丁为青藏地区.青藏地区海拔4000米以上,地势起伏平缓,雪山连绵,有长江、黄河、澜沧江的发源地,是我国四大牧区之一,代表畜种是牦牛故选项D符合题意.故选:D.18.下列关于图中虚线的叙述错误的是()A.该线是我国人口地理分界线B.该线大致是黑龙江省黑河至云南省腾冲的连线C.该线东南部人口少,密度小;西北部人口多,密度大D.该线反应了我国人口分布极不均衡【考点】人口分布状况与人口增长的变化.【分析】中华人民共和国成立后,由于人民生活水平的提高和医疗卫生条件的改善,人口死亡率大幅度下降,中国人口快速增长.根据2010年全国第六次人口普查结果,中国总人口为13.7亿,约占世界人口总数的1/5,是世界上人口最多的国家.【解答】解:中国人口地区分布不均.一般来说,以图中虚线黑龙江省的黑河﹣云南省的腾冲线为界,东部地区人口多(稠密),西部地区人口少(稀疏);此线以东人口稠密,面积仅占全国总面积的43%,人口却占全国总人口的94%,此线以西人口稀疏,面积占全国总面积的57%,人口只占总人口的6%.故选:C.19.丙区域自然环境突出的特征是()A.干旱B.湿热C.高寒D.酷寒【考点】旱、涝、寒潮、台风等灾害性天气的影响.【分析】我国幅员辽阔,自然环境复杂多样,形成了各具特色的地理区域.在中国地图上,把秦岭﹣淮河线、400毫米年等降水量线和青藏高原边缘线这三条重要的地理界线结合起来,并根据实际情况作一定的调整,就把我国划分为四大地理区域,即北方地区、南方地区、西北地区和青藏地区.【解答】解:我国划分为四大地理区域,即乙北方地区、甲南方地区、丙西北地区和丁青藏地区.其中西北地区地处内陆,气温冷热变化剧烈,年降水量表现出由东向西逐渐减少的态势.新疆的东部和南部降水甚少,吐鲁番盆地西部的托克逊年降水量仅5.9毫米,是全国降水最少的地方.总的来说,干旱是本区自然环境的主要特征.故选:A.20.我国年降水量分布的总趋势是()A.夏秋多、冬春少B.均匀分布C.内陆多、沿海少D.由东南沿海向西北内陆递减【考点】我国水资源的分布特点.【分析】我国水资源的时空分布情况受我国降水的影响,我国降水空间上来说从东南沿海向西北内陆降水逐渐减少,导致我国水资源东多西少、南多北少.【解答】解:我国降水量分布的总趋势是从东南沿海向西北内陆降水逐渐减少,导致我国水资源东多西少、南多北少.故选:D.二、判断题(正确的打√,错误的打╳,请把答案填在答题框中,共10分)21.读“台湾省轮廓图”,判断下列题正误(1)台湾省东临太平洋,西隔台湾海峡与广东省相望×(2)台湾省地势西高东低,平原集中分布在东部×(3)台湾省东临太平洋,北回归线穿过台湾岛中南部√.【考点】台湾省的地理位置和地域组成.【分析】台湾省位于中国东南沿海,北临东海,东临太平洋,南临南海,西隔台湾海峡与福建省相望.台湾省的主体是台湾岛,还包括周围的澎湖列岛、diao鱼岛、赤尾屿、兰屿、绿岛等200多个岛屿,陆地面积约3.6万千米2.台湾岛地形以山地为主,山地约占总面积的2/3.【解答】解:读图可知,(1)台湾省东临太平洋,西隔台湾海峡与福建省相望,故叙述错误.(2)台湾岛地形以山地为主,山地主要分布在台湾岛的中部和东部,西部沿海地区为平原,故叙述错误.(3)台湾省东临太平洋,北回归线穿过台湾岛中南部,故叙述正确.故答案为:(1)×;(2)×;(3)√.22.日本当地时间2016年4月16日凌晨日本熊本县发生里氏7.3级地震,截至19日,遇难人数已经升至45人.据图判断下列题正误(1)日本位于亚欧板块和太平洋板块交界地带,所以多火山地震√(2)根据右图可以判断出澳大利亚大陆位于C板块,属于太平洋板块×(3)日本发生地震时,澳大利亚正处于春季×(4)从我国运两箱急救药品到日本应选择航空运输√.【考点】日本的主要岛屿、地震带、火山和城市.【分析】日本是一个多山的岛国,国土的3/4为山地丘陵.沿海平原狭窄,关东平原是日本最大的平原.日本群岛位于环太平洋火山地震带上,火山、地震活动频繁,大约每隔3年就要发生1次危害较大的地震.【解答】解:(1)一般来说,板块的内部比较稳定,板块与板块交界的地带,有的张裂拉伸,有的碰撞挤压,地壳比较活跃.由日本所处的位置及板块运动的方向判定,日本多地震、火山是由于亚欧板块与太平洋板块碰撞挤压形成的.故正确;(2)图中澳大利亚大陆位于C印度洋板块.故错误;(3)南北半球季节相反,4月是北半球的春季,南半球(澳大利亚)的秋季.故错误;(4)一般来说,贵重或急需的货物而数量又不大的,多由航空运送.所以从我国运两箱急救药品到日本应选择航空运输.故正确.故答案为;(1)√;(2)╳;(3)╳;(4)√.23.读“世界海陆分布图”判断下列题正误(1)图中①处为南北美洲分界线苏伊士运河×(2)图中②处为世界最大的平原亚马孙平原,人口稠密×(3)图中③处人种为黄色人种√.【考点】洲界线;世界主要人种及其分布地区.【分析】世界四大人口稀疏地带是:干旱的沙漠;寒冷的极地;空气稀薄的高山高原;原始的热带雨林.世界四大人口稠密地带是:亚洲的东部和南部;欧洲的西部;北美洲和南美洲的东部,因为这些地区自然条件优越,气候温暖湿润,经济发达,交通便利,对人口有极大的吸引力.【解答】解:读图可知,(1)图中①处为南北美洲分界线巴拿马运河;(2)图中②处为世界最大的平原亚马孙平原,人口稀疏;(3)图中③处为亚洲东部,人种为黄色人种.故答案为:╳;╳;√.。
江苏省徐州市2016年中考仿真模拟数学试题
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江苏省徐州市2015-2016年中考仿真模拟数学试题一.选择题(本题共8小题,每小题3分,共24分,在每小题所给出的四个选项中,只有一项是符合题目要求)1.64的立方根是 ( ▲ )A .±8B .±4C .8D .4 2.在函数2-=x y 中,自变量x 的取值范围是 ( ▲ )A .x >2B .x ≥2C .x ≠0D .x ≠23.新华网北京3月28日电:中国援助日本的第二批救援物资28日下午从北京启运,此批物资包括325万副橡胶手套.数据325万用科学记数法表示可记作 ( ▲ ) A .51025.3⨯B . 61025.3⨯C .410325⨯D . 5105.32⨯4.为筹备班级的毕业联欢会,班长对班级学生爱吃哪几种水果作了民意调查,那么最终买什么水果,下面的调查数据中最值得关注的是 ( ▲ )A . 中位数 B.平均数 C.众数 D.加权平均数5.顺次连接对角线相等的四边形的各边中点,所得图形一定是 ( ▲ )A . 平行四边形 B.矩形 C.菱形 D.正方形6.下列二次函数中,图像以直线x=2位对称轴,且经过(0,1)的是 ( ▲ )A . ()122+-=x y B.()122++=x y C.()322--=x y D. ()322-+=x y7.小明在学习“锐角三角函数”中发现,将如图所示的含30°(∠BAC )角的直角三角形纸片ABC 沿过点A 的直线折叠,使点C 落在AB 上的点D 处,折痕为AE.这样就可以求出75°角的正切值是 A .2+ 3 B .+2 3 C .2.5 D . 58. 如图,在正方形ABCD 中,E 是AD 的中点,F 是AB 边上一点,BF =3AF ,则下列四个结论:①△AE F ∽△DCE ;②CE 平分∠DCF ;③点B 、C 、E 、F 四个点在同一个圆上;④直线EF 是△DCE 的外接圆的切线;其中,正确的个数是( )A. 1个B. 2个C. 3个D. 4个AE第8题第18题图二、填空题(本大题共有10小题,每小题3分,共30分)9.在百度中,搜索“数学改革”关键词,约有40600条结果,把数字40600写成科学计数法是 ▲10.若代数式2-x 有意义,则x 的取值范围是 ▲ . 11.若a+b=5,ab=3,则a 2+b 2= ▲ .12.如图,O 为跷跷板AB 的中点,支柱OC 与地面MN 垂直,垂足为点C ,且OC =50cm ,当跷跷板的一端B 着地时,另一端A 离地面的高度为 ▲ cm.13.将抛物线22y x =-平移到抛物线222y x x =+-的位置,则平移的方式是 ▲ . 14.如图,AB 是⊙O 的直径,点C 是圆上一点,70BAC ∠=︒,则OCB ∠= ▲ °.15.如图,将一张矩形纸片经过折叠得到一个三角形,则矩形的长与宽的比是 ▲16.如图,四边形ABCD 内接于⊙O ,AD 、BC 的延长线相交于点E ,AB 、DC 的延长线相交于点F .若∠E +∠F =80°,则∠A = ▲ °.17.如图,已知菱形ABCD 的对角线AC .BD 的长分别为6cm 、8cm ,AE ⊥BC 于点E ,则AE的长是 ▲18.如图,已知第一象限内的点A 在反比例函数2y x=的图象上,第二象限内的点B 在反比例函数ky x=的图象上,且OA ⊥OB ,tan A 3,则k 的值为 ▲ .三、解答题(本大题共10题,共86分。
江苏省徐州一中(撷秀中学)中考数学一模试卷(含解析)
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2016年江苏省徐州一中(撷秀中学)中考数学一模试卷一、选择题(本大题共8小题,每小题3分,共24分)1.下列实数中,无理数是()A.B.C.D.2.下列几何体中,主视图相同的是()A.①② B.①③ C.①④ D.②④3.下列运算正确的是()A.a3•b3=(ab)3B.a2•a3=a6C.a6÷a3=a2D.(a2)3=a54.函数y=中,自变量x的取值范围是()A.x>﹣3 B.x≥﹣3 C.x≠﹣3 D.x≤﹣35.若从长度分别为3、5、6、9的四条线段中任取三条,则能组成三角形的概率为()A.B.C.D.6.矩形具有而菱形不具有的性质是()A.两组对边分别平行 B.对角线相等C.对角线互相平分D.两组对角分别相等7.如图,动点P从(0,3)出发,沿所示方向运动,每当碰到矩形的边时反弹,反弹时反射角等于入射角,当点P第2014次碰到矩形的边时,点P的坐标为()A.(1,4)B.(5,0)C.(6,4)D.(8,3)8.“一般的,如果二次函数y=ax2+bx+c的图象与x轴有两个公共点,那么一元二次方程ax2+bx+c=0有两个不相等的实数根.﹣﹣苏科版《数学》九年级(下册)P21”参考上述教材中的话,判断方程x2﹣2x=﹣2实数根的情况是()A.有三个实数根 B.有两个实数根 C.有一个实数根 D.无实数根二、填空题(本大题共10小题,每小题3分,共30分)9.一元二次方程x2﹣3x=0的根是.10.我国南海海域的面积约为3600000km2,该面积用科学记数法应表示为 km2.11.甲、乙、丙、丁四人进行射箭测试,每人10次射箭成绩的平均数都是8.9环,方差分别是S甲2=0.65,S乙2=0.55,S丙2=0.50,S丁2=0.45,则射箭成绩最稳定的是.12.如图,直线a∥b,∠1=125°,则∠2的度数为.13.用一个圆心角为120°,半径为4的扇形作一个圆锥的侧面,这个圆锥的底面圆的半径为.14.设甲、乙两车在同一直线公路上匀速行驶,开始甲车在乙车的前面,当乙车追上甲车后,两车停下来,把乙车的货物转给甲车,然后甲车继续前行,乙车向原地返回.设x秒后两车间的距离为y米,y关于x的函数关系如图所示,则甲车的速度是米/秒.15.如图,▱ABCD的周长为36,对角线AC,BD相交于点O.点E是CD的中点,BD=12,则△DOE的周长为.16.如图,⊙P经过点A(0,)、O(0,0)、B(1,0),点C在第一象限的上,则∠BCO的度数为.17.如图,在四边形ABCD中,∠B=∠D=90°,AB=3,BC=2,tanA=,则CD= .18.如图,矩形纸片ABCD中,AB=4,AD=6,点P是边BC上的动点,现将纸片折叠,使点A 与点P重合,折痕与矩形边的交点分别为E、F,要使折痕始终与边AB、AD有交点,则BP 的取值范围是.三、解答题(本大题共10小题,共86分)19.计算:(1)﹣(π﹣3.14)0+2cos60°(2)(﹣)÷.20.(1)解方程组(2)解不等式:3(x﹣)<x+4.21.某校举行全体学生“汉字听写”比赛,每位学生听写汉字39个.随机抽取了部分学生的听写结果,绘制成如下的图表.根据以上信息完成下列问题:(1)统计表中的m= ,n= ,并补全条形统计图;(2)扇形统计图中“C组”所对应的圆心角的度数是;(3)已知该校共有900名学生,如果听写正确的字的个数少于24个定为不合格,请你估计该校本次听写比赛不合格的学生人数.22.从甲学校到乙学校有A1、A2、A3三条线路,从乙学校到丙学校有B1、B2二条线路.(1)利用树状图或列表的方法表示从甲学校到丙学校的线路中所有可能出现的结果;(2)小张任意走了一条从甲学校到丙学校的线路,求小张恰好经过了B1线路的概率是多少?23.从南京到某市可乘坐普通列车,行驶路程是520千米;也可乘坐高铁,行驶路程是400千米.已知高铁的平均速度是普通列车平均速度的2.5倍,且从南京到该市乘坐高铁比乘坐普通列车要少用3小时.求高铁行驶的平均速度.24.钓鱼岛自古以来就是我国的神圣领土,为维护国家主权和海洋权利,我国海监和渔政部门对钓鱼岛海域实现了常态化巡航管理.如图,某日在我国钓鱼岛附近海域有两艘自西向东航行的海监船A、B,B船在A船的正东方向,且两船保持20海里的距离,某一时刻两海监船同时测得在A的东北方向,B的北偏东15°方向有一我国渔政执法船C,求此时船C与船B的距离是多少.(结果保留根号)25.在▱ABCD中,E、F分别是AB、CD的中点,AF与DE相交于点G,CE与BF相交于点H.(1)求证:四边形EHFG是平行四边形;(2)若四边形EHFG是矩形,则▱ABCD应满足什么条件?(不需要证明)26.如图,在平面直角坐标系中,点P的坐标为(﹣4,0),⊙P的半径为2,将⊙P沿x轴向右平移4个单位长度得⊙P1(1)画出⊙P1,并直接判断⊙P与⊙P1的位置关系;(2)设⊙P1与x轴正半轴,y轴正半轴的交点分别为A、B.求劣弧与弦AB围成的图形的面积(结果保留π)27.如图,直线y=x+b(b≠0)交坐标轴于A、B两点,交双曲线y=于点D,从点D分别作两坐标轴的垂线DC、DE,垂足分别为C、E,连接BC、OD.(1)当b=﹣1时,求出点D坐标并判断四边形OBCD的形状;(2)当b为任意实数时(b≠0),①求证:AD平分∠CDE;②求AD•BD的值.28.如图,点O是平面直角坐标系的原点,点A的坐标为(0,6),以A为顶点的抛物线交x轴于B点,其中点B在x轴正半轴上,连接AB,以 AB为边作矩形ABCD交y轴于点C(按顺时针方向标记),矩形ABCD随着点B位置的变化而随之相应变化.(1)若矩形ABCD为正方形,求抛物线的函数关系式;(2)在点B位置变化的过程中,点D的落点在(1)中的抛物线上吗?如果在,请证明;如果不在,请说明理由;并求出OD的最小值;(3)若点M(﹣3,﹣3)落在矩形ABCD的边AD上,求出D点坐标.2016年江苏省徐州一中(撷秀中学)中考数学一模试卷参考答案与试题解析一、选择题(本大题共8小题,每小题3分,共24分)1.下列实数中,无理数是()A.B.C.D.【考点】无理数.【分析】根据无理数是无限不循环小数,可得答案.【解答】解:A、是有理数;B、是有理数;C、是有理数;D、是无理数;故选:D.2.下列几何体中,主视图相同的是()A.①② B.①③ C.①④ D.②④【考点】简单几何体的三视图.【分析】主视图是从物体正面看,所得到的图形.【解答】解:圆柱的主视图是长方形,圆锥的主视图是三角形,长方体的主视图是长方形,球的主视图是圆,故选:B.3.下列运算正确的是()A.a3•b3=(ab)3B.a2•a3=a6C.a6÷a3=a2D.(a2)3=a5【考点】同底数幂的除法;同底数幂的乘法;幂的乘方与积的乘方.【分析】A、原式利用积的乘方运算法则变形得到结果,即可做出判断;B、原式利用同底数幂的乘法法则计算得到结果,即可做出判断;C、原式利用同底数幂的除法法则计算得到结果,即可做出判断;D、原式利用幂的乘方运算法则计算得到结果,即可做出判断.【解答】解:A、原式=(ab)3,正确;B、原式=a5,错误;C、原式=a3,错误;D、原式=a6,错误,故选A.4.函数y=中,自变量x的取值范围是()A.x>﹣3 B.x≥﹣3 C.x≠﹣3 D.x≤﹣3【考点】函数自变量的取值范围.【分析】根据被开方数大于等于0列式进行计算即可得解.【解答】解:根据题意得,x+3≥0,解得x≥﹣3.故选B.5.若从长度分别为3、5、6、9的四条线段中任取三条,则能组成三角形的概率为()A.B.C.D.【考点】列表法与树状图法;三角形三边关系.【分析】利用列举法可得:从长度分别为3、5、6、9的四条线段中任取三条的可能结果有:3、5、6;3、5、9;3、6、9;5、6、9;能组成三角形的有:3、5、6;5、6、9;然后利用概率公式求解即可求得答案.【解答】解:∵从长度分别为3、5、6、9的四条线段中任取三条的可能结果有:3、5、6;3、5、9;3、6、9;5、6、9;能组成三角形的有:3、5、6;5、6、9;∴能组成三角形的概率为: =.故选A.6.矩形具有而菱形不具有的性质是()A.两组对边分别平行 B.对角线相等C.对角线互相平分D.两组对角分别相等【考点】矩形的性质;菱形的性质.【分析】根据矩形与菱形的性质对各选项分析判断后利用排除法求解.【解答】解:A、矩形与菱形的两组对边都分别平行,故本选项错误;B、矩形的对角线相等,菱形的对角线不相等,故本选项正确;C、矩形与菱形的对角线都互相平分,故本选项错误;D、矩形与菱形的两组对角都分别相等,故本选项错误.故选B.7.如图,动点P从(0,3)出发,沿所示方向运动,每当碰到矩形的边时反弹,反弹时反射角等于入射角,当点P第2014次碰到矩形的边时,点P的坐标为()A.(1,4)B.(5,0)C.(6,4)D.(8,3)【考点】规律型:点的坐标.【分析】根据反射角与入射角的定义作出图形,可知每6次反弹为一个循环组依次循环,用2014除以6,根据商和余数的情况确定所对应的点的坐标即可.【解答】解:如图,经过6次反弹后动点回到出发点(0,3),∵2014÷6=335…4,∴当点P第2014次碰到矩形的边时为第336个循环组的第4次反弹,点P的坐标为(5,0).故选;B.8.“一般的,如果二次函数y=ax2+bx+c的图象与x轴有两个公共点,那么一元二次方程ax2+bx+c=0有两个不相等的实数根.﹣﹣苏科版《数学》九年级(下册)P21”参考上述教材中的话,判断方程x2﹣2x=﹣2实数根的情况是()A.有三个实数根 B.有两个实数根 C.有一个实数根 D.无实数根【考点】抛物线与x轴的交点.【分析】将方程变形为:(x﹣1)2=﹣1,设y1=﹣1,y2=(x﹣1)2,在坐标系中画出两个函数的图象,看其交点个数即可.【解答】解:将方程变形﹣1=(x﹣1)2,设y1=﹣1,y2=(x﹣1)2,在坐标系中画出两个函数的图象如图所示:可看出两个函数有一个交点(1,0).故方程x2﹣2x=﹣2有一个实数根.故选C.二、填空题(本大题共10小题,每小题3分,共30分)9.一元二次方程x2﹣3x=0的根是x1=0,x2=3 .【考点】解一元二次方程-因式分解法.【分析】首先利用提取公因式法分解因式,由此即可求出方程的解.【解答】解:x2﹣3x=0,x(x﹣3)=0,∴x1=0,x2=3.故答案为:x1=0,x2=3.10.我国南海海域的面积约为3600000km2,该面积用科学记数法应表示为 3.6×106 km2.【考点】科学记数法—表示较大的数.【分析】科学记数法的表示形式为a×10n的形式,其中1≤|a|<10,n为整数.确定n的值时,要看把原数变成a时,小数点移动了多少位,n的绝对值与小数点移动的位数相同.当原数绝对值>1时,n是正数;当原数的绝对值<1时,n是负数.【解答】解:将3600000用科学记数法表示为3.6×106.故答案为3.6×106.11.甲、乙、丙、丁四人进行射箭测试,每人10次射箭成绩的平均数都是8.9环,方差分别是S甲2=0.65,S乙2=0.55,S丙2=0.50,S丁2=0.45,则射箭成绩最稳定的是丁.【考点】方差.【分析】根据方差的意义先比较出甲、乙、丙、丁四人谁的方差最小则谁的成绩最稳定.【解答】解:∵S甲2=0.65,S乙2=0.55,S丙2=0.50,S丁2=0.45,∴丁的方差最小,∴射箭成绩最稳定的是:丁.故答案为:丁.12.如图,直线a∥b,∠1=125°,则∠2的度数为55°.【考点】平行线的性质.【分析】先根据对顶角相等,∠1=65°,求出∠3的度数,再由两直线平行,同旁内角互补得出∠2的度数.【解答】解:解:∵∠1=125°,∴∠3=∠1=125°,∵a∥b,∴∠2=180°﹣∠3=180°﹣125°=55°.故答案为:55°.13.用一个圆心角为120°,半径为4的扇形作一个圆锥的侧面,这个圆锥的底面圆的半径为.【考点】弧长的计算.【分析】利用底面周长=展开图的弧长可得.【解答】解:,解得r=.故答案为:.14.设甲、乙两车在同一直线公路上匀速行驶,开始甲车在乙车的前面,当乙车追上甲车后,两车停下来,把乙车的货物转给甲车,然后甲车继续前行,乙车向原地返回.设x秒后两车间的距离为y米,y关于x的函数关系如图所示,则甲车的速度是20 米/秒.【考点】一次函数的应用.【分析】设甲车的速度是a米/秒,乙车的速度为b米/秒,根据函数图象反应的数量关系建立方程组求出其解即可.【解答】解:设甲车的速度是a米/秒,乙车的速度为b米/秒,由题意,得,解得:.故答案为:20.15.如图,▱ABCD的周长为36,对角线AC,BD相交于点O.点E是CD的中点,BD=12,则△DOE的周长为15 .【考点】三角形中位线定理;平行四边形的性质.【分析】根据平行四边形的对边相等和对角线互相平分可得,OB=OD,又因为E点是CD的中点,可得OE是△BCD的中位线,可得OE=BC,所以易求△DOE的周长.【解答】解:∵▱ABCD的周长为36,∴2(BC+CD)=36,则BC+CD=18.∵四边形ABCD是平行四边形,对角线AC,BD相交于点O,BD=12,∴OD=OB=BD=6.又∵点E是CD的中点,∴OE是△BCD的中位线,DE=CD,∴OE=BC,∴△DOE的周长=OD+OE+DE=BD+(BC+CD)=6+9=15,即△DOE的周长为15.故答案为:15.16.如图,⊙P经过点A(0,)、O(0,0)、B(1,0),点C在第一象限的上,则∠BCO的度数为30°.【考点】圆周角定理;坐标与图形性质.【分析】连接AB,求出∠OAB的度数,由圆周角定理可得出∠BCO的度数.【解答】解:连接AB,∵tan∠OAB==,∴∠OAB=30°,∴∠OCB=∠OAB=30°(圆周角定理).故答案为:30°.17.如图,在四边形ABCD中,∠B=∠D=90°,AB=3,BC=2,tanA=,则CD= .【考点】解直角三角形.【分析】延长AD和BC交于点E,在直角△ABE中利用三角函数求得BE的长,则EC的长即可求得,然后在直角△CDE中利用三角函数的定义求解.【解答】解:延长AD和BC交于点E.∵在直角△ABE中,tanA==,AB=3,∴BE=4,∴EC=BE﹣BC=4﹣2=2,∵△ABE和△CDE中,∠B=∠EDC=90°,∠E=∠E,∴∠DCE=∠A,∴直角△CDE中,tan∠DCE=tanA==,∴设DE=4x,则DC=3x,在直角△CDE中,EC2=DE2+DC2,∴4=16x2+9x2,解得:x=,则CD=.故答案是:.18.如图,矩形纸片ABCD中,AB=4,AD=6,点P是边BC上的动点,现将纸片折叠,使点A 与点P重合,折痕与矩形边的交点分别为E、F,要使折痕始终与边AB、AD有交点,则BP 的取值范围是6﹣2≤x≤4.【考点】翻折变换(折叠问题).【分析】此题需要运用极端原理求解:①BP最小时,F、D重合,由折叠的性质知:AF=PF,在Rt△PFC中,利用勾股定理可求得PC的长,进而可求得BP的值,即BP的最小值;②BP 最大时,E、B重合,根据折叠的性质即可得到AB=BP=34,即BP的最大值为4;根据上述两种情况即可得到BP的取值范围.【解答】解:如图:①当F、D重合时,BP的值最小;根据折叠的性质知:AF=PF=6;在Rt△PFC中,PF=6,FC=4,则PC=2;∴BP=x min=6﹣2;②当E、B重合时,BP的值最大;根据折叠的性质即可得到AB=BP=4,即BP的最大值为4;故答案为:6﹣2≤x≤4.三、解答题(本大题共10小题,共86分)19.计算:(1)﹣(π﹣3.14)0+2cos60°(2)(﹣)÷.【考点】分式的混合运算;实数的运算;零指数幂;特殊角的三角函数值.【分析】(1)分别根据数的开方法则、0指数幂的运算法则及特殊角的三角函数值计算出各数,再根据实数混合运算的法则进行计算即可;(2)先算括号里面的,再算除法即可.【解答】解:(1)原式=2﹣1+2×=2﹣1+1=2;(2)原式=•=﹣a﹣b.20.(1)解方程组(2)解不等式:3(x﹣)<x+4.【考点】解一元一次不等式;解二元一次方程组.【分析】(1)加减消元法求解可得;(2)依次去括号、移项、合并同类项、系数化为1可得.【解答】解:(1)解方程组,①×2+②,得:5x=5,解得:x=1,将x=1代入①,得:2+y=1,解得:y=﹣1,所以原方程组的解为:;(2)去括号,得:3x﹣2<x+4,移项,得:3x﹣x<4+2,合并同类项,得:2x<6,系数化为1,得:x<3.21.某校举行全体学生“汉字听写”比赛,每位学生听写汉字39个.随机抽取了部分学生的听写结果,绘制成如下的图表.根据以上信息完成下列问题:(1)统计表中的m= 30 ,n= 20 ,并补全条形统计图;(2)扇形统计图中“C组”所对应的圆心角的度数是90°;(3)已知该校共有900名学生,如果听写正确的字的个数少于24个定为不合格,请你估计该校本次听写比赛不合格的学生人数.【考点】频数(率)分布直方图;用样本估计总体;频数(率)分布表;扇形统计图.【分析】(1)根据条形图和扇形图确定B组的人数环绕所占的百分比求出样本容量,求出m、n的值;(2)求出C组”所占的百分比,得到所对应的圆心角的度数;(3)求出不合格人数所占的百分比,求出该校本次听写比赛不合格的学生人数.【解答】解:(1)从条形图可知,B组有15人,从扇形图可知,B组所占的百分比是15%,D组所占的百分比是30%,E组所占的百分比是20%,15÷15%=100,100×30%=30,100×20%=20,∴m=30,n=20;(2)“C组”所对应的圆心角的度数是25÷100×360°=90°;(3)估计这所学校本次听写比赛不合格的学生人数为:900×(10%+15%+25%)=450人.22.从甲学校到乙学校有A1、A2、A3三条线路,从乙学校到丙学校有B1、B2二条线路.(1)利用树状图或列表的方法表示从甲学校到丙学校的线路中所有可能出现的结果;(2)小张任意走了一条从甲学校到丙学校的线路,求小张恰好经过了B1线路的概率是多少?【考点】列表法与树状图法.【分析】(1)依据题意先用列表法或画树状图法分析所有等可能的出现结果,注意要不重不漏;(2)依据表格或树状图即可求得小张从甲学校到丙学校共有6条不同的线路,其中经过B1线路有3条,然后根据概率公式即可求出该事件的概率.【解答】解:(1)利用列表或树状图的方法表示从甲校到丙校的线路所有可能出现的结果如下:A1A2A3B1(A1、B1)(A2、B1)(A3、B1)B2(A1、B2)(A2、B2)(A3、B2)(2)∴小张从甲学校到丙学校共有6条不同的线路,其中经过B1线路有3条,∴P(小张恰好经过了B1线路)=.23.从南京到某市可乘坐普通列车,行驶路程是520千米;也可乘坐高铁,行驶路程是400千米.已知高铁的平均速度是普通列车平均速度的2.5倍,且从南京到该市乘坐高铁比乘坐普通列车要少用3小时.求高铁行驶的平均速度.【考点】分式方程的应用.【分析】设普通列车的平均速度为x千米/时,则高铁的平均速度是2.5x千米/时,根据题意可得,乘坐高铁行驶400千米比乘坐普通列车行驶520千米少用3小时,据此列方程求解.【解答】解:设普通列车的平均速度为x千米/时,则高铁的平均速度是2.5x千米/时,依题意,得+3=,解得:x=120,经检验,x=120是原方程的解,且符合题意,则2.5x=300.答:高铁行驶的平均速度是300千米/时.24.钓鱼岛自古以来就是我国的神圣领土,为维护国家主权和海洋权利,我国海监和渔政部门对钓鱼岛海域实现了常态化巡航管理.如图,某日在我国钓鱼岛附近海域有两艘自西向东航行的海监船A、B,B船在A船的正东方向,且两船保持20海里的距离,某一时刻两海监船同时测得在A的东北方向,B的北偏东15°方向有一我国渔政执法船C,求此时船C与船B的距离是多少.(结果保留根号)【考点】解直角三角形的应用-方向角问题.【分析】首先过点B作BD⊥AC于D,由题意可知,∠BAC=45°,∠ABC=90°+15°=105°,则可求得∠ACB的度数,然后利用三角函数的知识求解即可求得答案.【解答】解:过点B作BD⊥AC于D.由题意可知,∠BAC=45°,∠ABC=90°+15°=105°,∴∠ACB=180°﹣∠BAC﹣∠ABC=30°,在Rt△ABD中,BD=AB•sin∠BAD=20×=10(海里),在Rt△BCD中,BC===20(海里).答:此时船C与船B的距离是20海里.25.在▱ABCD中,E、F分别是AB、CD的中点,AF与DE相交于点G,CE与BF相交于点H.(1)求证:四边形EHFG是平行四边形;(2)若四边形EHFG是矩形,则▱ABCD应满足什么条件?(不需要证明)【考点】平行四边形的判定与性质;矩形的判定.【分析】(1)通过证明两组对边分别平行,可得四边形EHFG是平行四边形;(2)当平行四边形ABCD是矩形,并且AB=2AD时,先证明四边形ADFE是正方形,得出有一个内角等于90°,从而证明菱形EHFG为一个矩形.【解答】解:(1)∵四边形ABCD是平行四边形,∴AE∥CF,AB=CD,∵E是AB中点,F是CD中点,∴AE=CF,∴四边形AECF是平行四边形,∴AF∥CE.同理可得DE∥BF,∴四边形FGEH是平行四边形;(2)当平行四边形ABCD是矩形,并且AB=2AD时,平行四边形EHFG是矩形.∵E,F分别为AB,CD的中点,且AB=CD,∴AE=DF,且AE∥DF,∴四边形AEFD为平行四边形,∴AD=EF,又∵AB=2AD,E为AB中点,则AB=2AE,于是有AE=AD=AB,这时,EF=AE=AD=DF=AB,∠EAD=∠FDA=90°,∴四边形ADFE是正方形,∴EG=FG=AF,AF⊥DE,∠EGF=90°,∴此时,平行四边形EHFG是矩形.26.如图,在平面直角坐标系中,点P的坐标为(﹣4,0),⊙P的半径为2,将⊙P沿x轴向右平移4个单位长度得⊙P1(1)画出⊙P1,并直接判断⊙P与⊙P1的位置关系;(2)设⊙P1与x轴正半轴,y轴正半轴的交点分别为A、B.求劣弧与弦AB围成的图形的面积(结果保留π)【考点】圆与圆的位置关系;坐标与图形性质;扇形面积的计算.【分析】(1)根据题意作图即可求得答案,注意圆的半径为2;(2)首先根据题意求得扇形BP1A与△BP1A的面积,再作差即可求得劣弧与弦AB围成的图形的面积.【解答】解:(1)如图:∴⊙P与⊙P1的位置关系是外切;(2)如图:∠BP1A=90°,P1A=P1B=2,∴S扇形BP1A=,=π,S△AP1B=×2×2=2,∴劣弧与弦AB围成的图形的面积为:π﹣2.27.如图,直线y=x+b(b≠0)交坐标轴于A、B两点,交双曲线y=于点D,从点D分别作两坐标轴的垂线DC、DE,垂足分别为C、E,连接BC、OD.(1)当b=﹣1时,求出点D坐标并判断四边形OBCD的形状;(2)当b为任意实数时(b≠0),①求证:AD平分∠CDE;②求AD•BD的值.【考点】反比例函数综合题.【分析】(1)根据题意列出方程组求出点D的坐标,得到DC=1,根据直线与坐标轴的交点的求法求出OB,根据平行四边形的判定定理证明;(2)①根据等腰直角三角形的性质解答;②根据等腰三角形的性质分别求出AD、BD的长,计算即可.【解答】解:(1)由题意得,,解得,,,∵点D在第一象限,∴点D的坐标为(2,1),∴DC=1,∵直线y=x﹣1与y轴的交点坐标为(0,﹣1),∴OB=1,∴DC=OB,又DC∥OB,∴四边形OBCD是平行四边形;(2)①直线y=x﹣1与x轴的交点坐标为(1,0),∴OA=OB,∴∠ABO=45°,∴∠EDB=45°,又∠EDC=90°,∴∠CDB=45°,∴∠EDB=∠CDB,即AD平分∠CDE;②∵DC=1,∠CDB=45°,∴AD=,∵DE=2,∠EDB=45°,∴BD=2,∴AD•BD=2×=4.28.如图,点O是平面直角坐标系的原点,点A的坐标为(0,6),以A为顶点的抛物线交x轴于B点,其中点B在x轴正半轴上,连接AB,以 AB为边作矩形ABCD交y轴于点C(按顺时针方向标记),矩形ABCD随着点B位置的变化而随之相应变化.(1)若矩形ABCD为正方形,求抛物线的函数关系式;(2)在点B位置变化的过程中,点D的落点在(1)中的抛物线上吗?如果在,请证明;如果不在,请说明理由;并求出OD的最小值;(3)若点M(﹣3,﹣3)落在矩形ABCD的边AD上,求出D点坐标.【考点】二次函数综合题.【分析】(1)由正方形的性质可求得B(6,0),设抛物线的解析式为y=ax2+6,将点B的坐标代入得可求得a的值,从而得到抛物线的坐标;(2)如图1所示:过点D作DE⊥AC,垂足为E.设点B的坐标为(a,0)a>0.然后依据待定系数法求得AB的解析式(含a的式子),然后再依据待定系数法求得BC的解析式(含a的式子),于是可求得点C的坐标为(0,﹣),接下来,证明△ADE≌△CBO,可得到点D的坐标,从而可证明点D在抛物线上;(3)先求得直线AM的解析式,然后由点D在AM上,可设点D的坐标为(a,3a+6),将点D的坐标代入y=﹣x2+6求得a的值,从而可求得点D的坐标.【解答】解:(1)∵四边形ABCD为正方形,∴∠CAB=45°.又∵∠AOB=90°,∴∠ABO=45°.∴OA=OB.∴点B的坐标为(6,0).设抛物线的解析式为y=ax2+6.∵将点B的坐标代入得36a+6=0,解得:a=﹣,∴抛物线的解析式为y=﹣x2+6.(2)如图1所示:过点D作DE⊥AC,垂足为E.设点B的坐标为(a,0)a>0.设直线AB的解析式为y=kx+6.∵将B(a,0)代入抛物线的解析式得:ak+6=0,解得;k=﹣,∴直线AB的解析式为y=﹣x+6.∵BC⊥AB,∴直线BC的一次项系数为.设直线BC的解析式为y=x+c.∵将点B的坐标(a,0)代入得: +c=0,解得:c=,∴直线BC的解析式为y=﹣.∵当x=0时,y=﹣,∴点C的坐标为(0,﹣).∵ABCD为矩形,∴AD=BC,AD∥BC.∴∠DAE=∠BCO.∵DE⊥AC,∴∠DEA=90°.在△ADE和△CBO中,,∴DE=OB,OC=AE.∴点D的坐标为(﹣a,6﹣).∵将x=﹣a代入y=﹣x2+6得:y=a2+6,∴点D在抛物线y=﹣x2+6上.(3)设AM的解析式为y=kx+b.∵将点A、M的坐标代入得:,解得:k=3,b=6,∴直线AM的解析式为y=3x+6.设点D的坐标为(a,3a+6),将点D的坐标代入y=﹣x2+6得:﹣a2+6=3a+6,解得:a=﹣18,a=0(舍去).∴点D的坐标为(﹣18,﹣48).。
2016年徐州市铜山区中考一模语文试卷附答案
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2016年江苏省徐州市铜山区中考语文一模试卷一、选择题(共5小题,每小题2分,满分25分)1.下列词语书写及加点字注音全都正确的一项是()A.倔.(juã)强脑髓.(suǐ)锲.(qì)而不舍张惶(huáng)失措B.砭(biān)骨嘻(xī)闹鞠躬尽瘁.(cuì)断壁残垣.(yuán)C.泥泞.(nìng)狩.(shòu)猎遐想叱咤.(zhà)风云粗制滥造D.栈.(zhàn)桥附和.(hâ)决别浑身解.(xiâ)数谈笑风生2.请根据要求填写古诗文名句(1),悠然见南山。
(2),叶底黄鹂一两声。
(3),东风无力百花残。
(4)马作的卢飞快,。
(5)子日:“岁寒,。
”(6);处江湖之远则忧其君。
(7),枳花照驿墙。
(8)燕子来时新社,。
(9)“时有落花至,远随流水香”这两句诗表现了落花积极进取的精神。
但龚自珍《已亥杂诗》中的“,”在境界上更胜一筹。
3.阅读下面一段文字,回答问题在一个村庄里,住着一位ruì()智的老人,村里有什么疑难问题都来向他(A).有一天聪明又调皮的孩子,想要故意为难那位老人。
他捉了一只小鸟,握在手掌中,跑去问:“老爷爷,听说您是最有智慧的人,不过我却不相信。
如果您能猜出我手中的鸟是活还是死的,我就相信了。
”老人注视着小孩子狡黠()的眼晴,心中有数,如果他回答小鸟是活的,小孩会暗中加劲把小鸟掐死;如果他回答是死的,小孩就会张开双手让小鸟飞走。
老人拍了拍小孩的肩膀笑着说:“”一位哲人说:人生就是一连串的(B).升学也罢,就业也好,创业亦如此。
每个人的前途与命运,就像那只小鸟一样,你完全掌握在自己的手中。
(1)根据拼音写汉字或给加点字注音。
(2)为文中A、B处选择最恰当的词语。
备选词语:询问请教抉择挑选(3)文中划线句有一处语病,请修改。
(4)根据语境,在文中横线处续写一句话,要求语意连贯,语句通顺。
2016年江苏省徐州市铜山区中考一模语文试卷-含参考答案
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2016年江苏省徐州市铜山区中考语文一模试卷一、选择题(共5小题,每小题2分,满分25分)1.下列词语书写及加点字注音全都正确的一项是()A.倔.(jué)强脑髓.(suǐ)锲.(qì)而不舍张惶(huáng)失措B.砭(biān)骨嘻(xī)闹鞠躬尽瘁.(cuì)断壁残垣.(yuán)C.泥泞.(nìng)狩.(shòu)猎遐想叱咤.(zhà)风云粗制滥造D.栈.(zhàn)桥附和.(hè)决别浑身解.(xiè)数谈笑风生2.请根据要求填写古诗文名句(1),悠然见南山。
(2),叶底黄鹂一两声。
(3),东风无力百花残。
(4)马作的卢飞快,。
(5)子日:“岁寒,。
”(6);处江湖之远则忧其君。
(7),枳花照驿墙。
(8)燕子来时新社,。
(9)“时有落花至,远随流水香”这两句诗表现了落花积极进取的精神。
但龚自珍《已亥杂诗》中的“,”在境界上更胜一筹。
3.阅读下面一段文字,回答问题在一个村庄里,住着一位ruì()智的老人,村里有什么疑难问题都来向他(A).有一天聪明又调皮的孩子,想要故意为难那位老人。
他捉了一只小鸟,握在手掌中,跑去问:“老爷爷,听说您是最有智慧的人,不过我却不相信。
如果您能猜出我手中的鸟是活还是死的,我就相信了。
”老人注视着小孩子狡黠()的眼晴,心中有数,如果他回答小鸟是活的,小孩会暗中加劲把小鸟掐死;如果他回答是死的,小孩就会张开双手让小鸟飞走。
老人拍了拍小孩的肩膀笑着说:“”一位哲人说:人生就是一连串的(B).升学也罢,就业也好,创业亦如此。
每个人的前途与命运,就像那只小鸟一样,你完全掌握在自己的手中。
(1)根据拼音写汉字或给加点字注音。
(2)为文中A、B处选择最恰当的词语。
备选词语:询问请教抉择挑选(3)文中划线句有一处语病,请修改。
(4)根据语境,在文中横线处续写一句话,要求语意连贯,语句通顺。
2016年江苏省徐州一中中考物理一模试卷
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2016年江苏省徐州一中中考物理一模试卷一、选择题(每题2分,共20分,每题只有一个正确答案)1.(2分)能源、信息和材料是现代社会发展的三大支柱。
关于能源、信息和材料,下列说法正确的是()A.太阳能是不可再生能源B.“北斗”导航是利用超声波进行定位和导航的C.卫星通信、移动通信是利用电磁波来传递信息的D.LED灯的核心元件发光二极管是由超导材料制成的2.(2分)下列数据,符合事实的是()A.物理课本中一张纸的厚度约为1mmB.家用电冰箱正常工作电流约10AC.人正常步行的速度约为5km/hD.人的正常体温为39℃3.(2分)下列各图描述了常见的物态变化现象,其中属于汽化的是()A.冰雪消融B.水烧开时冒出“白气”C.草叶上的“白霜”D.用干手器将手烘干4.(2分)炎炎夏日,气温节节上升,温度计内水银柱慢慢升高,此过程中水银的()A.质量变大B.密度变小C.内能变小D.比热容变大5.(2分)某家庭电路中安装有“220V 10A”的空气开关(未画出),下图是电路中的四种情况,开关全部闭合后,不会引起空气开关“跳闸”的是()A.B.C.D.6.(2分)如图所示,在“探究平面镜成像特点”的实验中,下列说法正确的是()A.为了便于观察找到像的位置,该实验最好选平面镜进行实验B.如果将蜡烛A向玻璃板靠近,像会变大C.移去后面的蜡烛B,并在该处上放一光屏,发现光屏上能成正立的像D.保持A、B两支蜡烛的位置不变,前后改变玻璃板的位置,发现B不能与A 的像重合7.(2分)如图所示是一辆普通的电动自行车,下列关于电动自行车的相关说法错误的是()A.当遇到紧急情况刹车时它的动能减小,机械能减小B.它左侧(或右侧)前后两个转向灯同时灭,它们是串联的C.它的电池在充电时将电能转化为化学能D.它的把手属于省力杠杆8.(2分)如图所示是运动员顶足球时的情景,以下说法正确的是()A.球在最高点时,受非平衡力作用B.顶出去的球在上升时,运动状态没有发生改变C.球在被顶出后到落地的整个过程中过程中,没有力做功D.顶出去的球最终落地,是由于球具有惯性9.(2分)图示为我国新型反潜巡逻机,其机尾的“棍子”叫做磁异探测器,它能将潜艇经过海域引起的磁场强弱变化转化为大小变化的电流,从而发现潜艇的存在.下列图能反映磁异探测器工作原理的是()A. B.C.D.10.(2分)有两只标有“220V 40W”的灯泡,灯泡在它两端不超过额定电压时,电流随电压的变化关系如图所示,将它们串联起来接到家庭电路中,消耗的总功率()A.大于20W B.等于20W C.小于20W D.等于40W二、填空题(每空1分,共18分)11.(2分)隔空充电真能实现吗?没错,一家名叫uBeam的公司发明了一种全新的无线充电模式,可以利用超声波将电力隔空输送到4.6m外的地方.超声波是由发声体产生的;若超声波在空气中的传播速度为340m/s,将其传播到4.6m的地方,需要s.(结果保留两位小数)12.(2分)如图所示为生活中常用的热水瓶,其外壁采用的是双层玻璃,并将中间抽成真空,这是为了防止,注入一定的热水后,立即盖上软木塞,软木塞会跳起来,这一过程中瓶内气体的转化为软木塞的机械能,汽油机的冲程也发生同样的能量转化,如果该汽油机飞轮转速是2400r/min,该汽油机每秒钟对外做功次。
【初中数学】2016年江苏省徐州市中考数学模拟试卷(一)(解析版) 苏科版
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2016年江苏省徐州市中考数学模拟试卷(一)一、选择题:本大题共8小题,每小题3分,共24分,在每小题给出的四个选项中,只有一个是符合题目要求的,请将正确选项前的字母代号填在答题卡相应的位置上. 1.下列各数中,最大的数是( )A .﹣B .0C .|﹣4|D .π2.下面是一位同学做的四道题:①a 3+a 3=a 6;②(xy 2)3=x 3y 6;③x 2•x 3=x 6;④(﹣a )2÷a=﹣a .其中做对的一道题是( ) A .① B .② C .③ D .④3.我国质检总局规定,针织内衣等直接接触皮肤的制品,每千克的衣物上甲醛含量应在0.000075千克以下.将0.000075用科学记数法表示为( ) A .7.5×105 B .7.5×10﹣5 C .0.75×10﹣4 D .75×10﹣64.盒子里有3支红色笔芯,2支黑色笔芯,每支笔芯除颜色外均相同.从中任意拿出一支笔芯,则拿出黑色笔芯的概率是( )A .B .C .D .5.解一元二次方程(x ﹣2)2=3时,最佳的求解方法是( ) A .配方法 B .因式分解法 C .求根公式法 D .以上方法均可6.如图,⊙O 的弦AB=8,P 是劣弧AB 中点,连结OP 交AB 于C ,且PC=2,则⊙0的半径为( )A .8B .4C .5D .107.某种药品原价为35元/盒,经过连续两次降价后售价为26元/盒,设平均每次降价的百分率为x ,根据题意所列方程正确的是( )A .35(1﹣x )2=35﹣26B .35(1﹣2x )=26C .35(1﹣x )2=26D .35(1﹣x 2)=26 8.如图,将矩形OABC 置于平面直角坐标系中,点A 的坐标为(0,4),点C 在x 轴上,点D (3,1)在BC 上,将矩形OABC 沿AD 折叠压平,使点B 落在坐标平面内,设点B 的对应点为点E .若抛物线y=ax 2﹣4ax+10(a≠0且a 为常数)的顶点落在△ADE 的内部,则a 的取值范围是( )A.B.C.D.二、填空题:本大题共10小题,每小题3分,共24分,不需写出解答过程,请把答案直接填写在答题卡相应位置上.9.=.10.正六边形的一个内角是.11.某班体育委员记录了第一小组七位同学定点投篮(每人投10个)情况,投进篮筐的个数为6,10,5,3,4,8,4,这组数据的中位数是.12.抛物线y=(x+1)2﹣2的顶点坐标是.13.分解因式:x2﹣9x=.14.已知圆锥的底面半径是2cm,母线长为5cm,则圆锥的侧面积是cm3(结果保留π)15.若x≠y,则x4+y4x3y+xy3(填“>”或“<”)16.新定义:[a,b]为一次函数y=ax+b(a≠0,a,b为实数)的“关联数”.若“关联数”[2,m+1]的一次函数是正比例函数,则关于x的方程+=1的解为.17.如图,矩形ABCD中,F是DC上一点,BF⊥AC,垂足为E,=,△CEF的面积为S1,△AEB的面积为S2,则的值等于.18.任何实数a,可用[a]表示不超过a的最大整数,如[4]=4,[]=1.现对72进行如下操作:72[]=8[]=2[]=1,这样对72只需进行3次操作后变为1,类似的,①对81只需进行次操作后变为1;②只需进行3次操作后变为1的所有正整数中,最大的是.三、解答题:本大题共10小题,共86分,请在答题卡指定区域内作答,解答时应写出文字说明、证明过程或演算步骤.19.计算:(5)0+(﹣1)2+|﹣2|﹣tan60°.20.(1)解方程x2﹣2x﹣3=0(2)解不等式组.21.如图,已知四边形ABCD中,∠A=∠C,∠B=∠D,求证:四边形ABCD是平行四边形.22.据报载,在“百万家庭低碳行,垃圾分类要先行”活动中,某地区对随机抽取的1000名公民的年龄段分布情况和对垃圾分类所持态度进行调查,并将调查结果分别绘成条形图(图1)、扇形图(图2).(1)图2中所缺少的百分数是;(2)这次随机调查中,如果公民年龄的中位数是正整数,那么这个中位数所在年龄段是(填写年龄段);(3)这次随机调查中,年龄段是“25岁以下”的公民中“不赞成”的有5名,它占“25岁以下”人数的百分数是;(4)如果把所持态度中的“很赞同”和“赞同”统称为“支持”,那么这次被调查公民中“支持”的人有名.23.老师和小明同学玩数学游戏.老师取出一个不透明的口袋,口袋中装有三张分别标有数字1,2,3的卡片,卡片除数字外其余都相同,老师要求小明同学两次随机抽取一张卡片,并计算两次抽到卡片上的数字之积是奇数的概率.于是小明同学用画树状图的方法寻求他两次抽取卡片的所有可能结果.如图是小明同学所画的正确树状图的一部分.(1)补全小明同学所画的树状图;(2)求小明同学两次抽到卡片上的数字之积是奇数的概率.24.如图,AB为⊙O的直径,PQ切⊙O于T,AC⊥PQ于C,交⊙O于D.(1)求证:AT平分∠BAC;(2)若AO=2,AT=2,求AC的长.25.某市因水而名,因水而美,因水而兴,市政府作出了“五水共治”决策:治污水、防洪水、排涝水、保供水、抓节水.某区某乡镇对某河道进行整治,由甲乙两工程队合作20天可完成.已知甲工程队单独整治需60天完成.(1)求乙工程队单独完成河道整治需多少天?(2)若甲乙两工程队合做a天后,再由甲工程队单独做天(用含a的代数式表示)可完成河道整治任务.(3)如果甲工程队每天施工费5000元,乙工程队每天施工费为1.5万元,先由甲乙两工程队合作整治,剩余工程由甲工程队单独完成,问要使支付两工程队费用最少,并且确保河道在40天内(含40天)整治完毕,问需支付两工程队费用最少多少万元?26.一、阅读理解:在△ABC中,BC=a,CA=b,AB=c;(1)若∠C为直角,则a2+b2=c2;(2)若∠C为锐角,则a2+b2与c2的关系为:a2+b2>c2;(3)若∠C为钝角,试推导a2+b2与c2的关系.二、探究问题:在△ABC中,BC=a=3,CA=b=4,AB=c,若△ABC是钝角三角形,求第三边c 的取值范围.27.如图,在同一平面上,两块斜边相等的直角三角板Rt△ABC和Rt△ADC拼在一起,使斜边AC完全重合,且顶点B,D分别在AC的两旁,∠ABC=∠ADC=90°,∠CAD=30°,AB=BC=4cm (1)填空:AD=(cm),DC=(cm)(2)点M,N分别从A点,C点同时以每秒1cm的速度等速出发,且分别在AD,CB上沿A→D,C→B方向运动,点N到AD的距离(用含x的式子表示)(3)在(2)的条件下,取DC中点P,连接MP,NP,设△PMN的面积为y(cm2),在整个运动过程中,△PMN的面积y存在最大值,请求出y的最大值.(参考数据sin75°=,sin15°=)28.已知:如图在平面直角坐标系xOy中,矩形OABC的边OA在y轴的负半轴上,OC在x 轴的正半轴上,OA=2,OC=3,过原点O作∠AOC的平分线交线段AB于点D,连接DC,过点D作DE⊥DC,交线段OA于点E.(1)求过点E、D、C的抛物线的解析式;(2)如图2将∠EDC绕点D按逆时针方向旋转后,角的一边与y轴的负半轴交于点F,另一边与线段OC交于点G,如果DF与(1)中的抛物线交于另一点M,点M的横坐标为,求证:EF=2GO;(3)对于(2)中的点G,在位于第四象限内的该跑物像上是否存在点Q,使得直线GQ与AB的交点P与点C、G构成的△PCG是等腰三角形?若存在,请求出点Q的坐标;若不存在,请说明理由.2016年江苏省徐州市中考数学模拟试卷(一)参考答案与试题解析一、选择题:本大题共8小题,每小题3分,共24分,在每小题给出的四个选项中,只有一个是符合题目要求的,请将正确选项前的字母代号填在答题卡相应的位置上.1.下列各数中,最大的数是()A.﹣B.0 C.|﹣4| D.π【考点】实数大小比较.【分析】利用任意两个实数都可以比较大小.正实数都大于0,负实数都小于0,正实数大于一切负实数,两个负实数绝对值大的反而小,进而比较即可.【解答】解:∵﹣<0,|﹣4|=4>π,∴各数中,最大的数是:|﹣4|.故选;C.2.下面是一位同学做的四道题:①a3+a3=a6;②(xy2)3=x3y6;③x2•x3=x6;④(﹣a)2÷a=﹣a.其中做对的一道题是()A.①B.②C.③D.④【考点】整式的混合运算.【分析】利用多项式的加法;积的乘方;同底数幂相乘;同底数幂相除的运算法则可对四个小题进行分析,即可的问题答案.【解答】解:①a3+a3=2a3,故该选项错误;②(xy2)3=x3y6,该选项正确;③x2•x3=x5,该选项错误;④(﹣a)2÷a=a,故该选项错误.故选B.3.我国质检总局规定,针织内衣等直接接触皮肤的制品,每千克的衣物上甲醛含量应在0.000075千克以下.将0.000075用科学记数法表示为()A.7.5×105B.7.5×10﹣5C.0.75×10﹣4 D.75×10﹣6【考点】科学记数法—表示较小的数.【分析】绝对值小于1的正数也可以利用科学记数法表示,一般形式为a×10﹣n,与较大数的科学记数法不同的是其所使用的是负指数幂,指数由原数左边起第一个不为零的数字前面的0的个数所决定.【解答】解:将0.000075用科学记数法表示为:7.5×10﹣5.故选B.4.盒子里有3支红色笔芯,2支黑色笔芯,每支笔芯除颜色外均相同.从中任意拿出一支笔芯,则拿出黑色笔芯的概率是()A.B.C.D.【考点】概率公式.【分析】先确定盒子里全部笔芯的总数及黑色笔芯的支数,再根据概率公式求解即可.【解答】解:因为全部是5支笔,2支黑色笔芯,所以从中任意拿出一支笔芯,拿出黑色笔芯的概率是.故选C.5.解一元二次方程(x﹣2)2=3时,最佳的求解方法是()A.配方法B.因式分解法C.求根公式法D.以上方法均可【考点】解一元二次方程-直接开平方法.【分析】根据因式分解法解方程的方法得出答案.【解答】解:解一元二次方程(x﹣2)2=3时,最佳的求解方法是:因式分解法.故选:B.6.如图,⊙O的弦AB=8,P是劣弧AB中点,连结OP交AB于C,且PC=2,则⊙0的半径为()A.8 B.4 C.5 D.10【考点】垂径定理;勾股定理.【分析】首先连接OA,由P是劣弧AB中点,可得OP⊥AB,且AC=4,然后设⊙0的半径为x,利用勾股定理即可求得方程:x2=42+(x﹣2)2,解此方程即可求得答案.【解答】解:连接OA,∵P是劣弧AB中点,∴OP⊥AB,AC=AB=×8=4,设⊙0的半径为x,则OC=OP﹣PC=x﹣2,在Rt△OAC中,OA2=OC2+AC2,∴x2=42+(x﹣2)2,解得:x=5,∴⊙0的半径为5.故选C.7.某种药品原价为35元/盒,经过连续两次降价后售价为26元/盒,设平均每次降价的百分率为x,根据题意所列方程正确的是()A.35(1﹣x)2=35﹣26 B.35(1﹣2x)=26 C.35(1﹣x)2=26 D.35(1﹣x2)=26 【考点】由实际问题抽象出一元二次方程.【分析】可先表示出第一次降价后的价格,那么第一次降价后的价格×(1﹣降低的百分率)=26,把相应数值代入即可求解.【解答】解:第一次降价后的价格为35×(1﹣x),两次连续降价后售价在第一次降价后的价格的基础上降低x,为35×(1﹣x)×(1﹣x),则列出的方程是35(1﹣x)2=26.故选C.8.如图,将矩形OABC置于平面直角坐标系中,点A的坐标为(0,4),点C在x轴上,点D(3,1)在BC上,将矩形OABC沿AD折叠压平,使点B落在坐标平面内,设点B的对应点为点E.若抛物线y=ax2﹣4ax+10(a≠0且a为常数)的顶点落在△ADE的内部,则a的取值范围是()A.B.C.D.【考点】二次函数综合题.【分析】利用对折的性质,得到线段的关系,用勾股定理建立方程,最后用相似△AFG∽△ABD得到比例式,计算出点G,H的纵坐标即可..【解答】解:如图,过点E作EF⊥AB于F,EF分别与AD、OC交于点G、H,过点D作DP⊥EF于点P,则EP=PH+EH=DC+EH=1+EH,在Rt△PDE中,由勾股定理可得,DP2=DE2﹣PE2=9+(1+EH)2,∴BF2=DP2=9+(1+EH)2,在Rt△AEF中,AF=AB﹣BF=3﹣,EF=4+EH,AE=4,∵AF2+EF2=AE2,即:(3﹣)2+(4+EH)2=16,解得EH=1,∴AB=3,AF=2,E(2,﹣1).∵∠AFG=∠ABD=90°,∠FAG=∠BAD,∴△AFG∽△ABD.∴,即:=,∴FG=2.∴EG=EF﹣FG=3.∴点G的纵坐标为2.∵y=ax2﹣4ax+10=a(x﹣2)2+(10﹣20a),∴此抛物线y=ax2﹣4ax+10的顶点必在直线x=2上.又∵抛物线的顶点落在△ADE的内部,∴此抛物线的顶点必在EG上.∴﹣1<10﹣20a<2,∴.故选B.二、填空题:本大题共10小题,每小题3分,共24分,不需写出解答过程,请把答案直接填写在答题卡相应位置上.9.=2.【考点】算术平方根.【分析】如果一个数x的平方等于a,那么x是a的算术平方根,由此即可求解.【解答】解:∵22=4,∴=2.故答案为:210.正六边形的一个内角是120°.【考点】多边形内角与外角.【分析】利用多边形的内角和公式180°(n﹣2)计算出六边形的内角和,然后再除以6即可.【解答】解:由题意得:180°(6﹣2)÷6=120°,故答案为:120°.11.某班体育委员记录了第一小组七位同学定点投篮(每人投10个)情况,投进篮筐的个数为6,10,5,3,4,8,4,这组数据的中位数是5.【考点】中位数.【分析】根据中位数的定义求出各数解答即可.【解答】解:按次序排列为3,4,4,5,6,8,10,故中位数为5.故答案为:5.12.抛物线y=(x+1)2﹣2的顶点坐标是(﹣1,﹣2).【考点】二次函数的性质.【分析】直接利用顶点式的特点可求顶点坐标.【解答】解:因为y=(x+1)2﹣2是抛物线的顶点式,根据顶点式的坐标特点可知,顶点坐标为(﹣1,﹣2),故答案为(﹣1,﹣2).13.分解因式:x2﹣9x=x(x﹣9).【考点】因式分解的意义.【分析】首先确定多项式中的两项中的公因式为x,然后提取公因式即可.【解答】解:原式=x•x﹣9•x=x(x﹣9),故答案为:x(x﹣9).14.已知圆锥的底面半径是2cm,母线长为5cm,则圆锥的侧面积是10πcm3(结果保留π)【考点】圆锥的计算.【分析】圆锥的侧面积=底面周长×母线长÷2,把相应数值代入即可求解.【解答】解:圆锥的侧面积=2π×2×5÷2=10π.故答案为:10π.15.若x≠y,则x4+y4>x3y+xy3(填“>”或“<”)【考点】因式分解的应用.【分析】首先作差,利用因式分解得出:(x4+y4)﹣(x3y+xy3)>0即可得出结论.【解答】解:(x4+y4)﹣(x3y+xy3)=x4+y4﹣x3y﹣xy3)=x3(x﹣y)﹣y3(x﹣y)=(x﹣y)(x3﹣y3)=(x﹣y)2(x2+xy+y2),∵x≠y,x2+y2≥2xy>0,∴2xy≥xy,∴x2+xy+y2>0,∴x4+y4>x3y+xy3.故答案为:>.16.新定义:[a,b]为一次函数y=ax+b(a≠0,a,b为实数)的“关联数”.若“关联数”[2,m+1]的一次函数是正比例函数,则关于x的方程+=1的解为x=.【考点】解分式方程;正比例函数的定义.【分析】根据题中的新定义化简求出m的值,代入分式方程计算即可求出解.【解答】解:根据关联数”[2,m+1]的一次函数是正比例函数,得到m+1=0,即m=﹣1,则方程为﹣1=1,即x﹣1=,解得:x=,经检验是分式方程的解.故答案为:17.如图,矩形ABCD 中,F 是DC 上一点,BF ⊥AC ,垂足为E , =,△CEF 的面积为S 1,△AEB 的面积为S 2,则的值等于 .【考点】相似三角形的判定与性质;矩形的性质.【分析】首先根据=设AD=BC=a ,则AB=CD=2a ,然后利用勾股定理得到AC=a ,然后根据射影定理得到BC 2=CE•CA ,AB 2=AE•AC 从而求得CE=,AE=,得到=,利用△CEF ∽△AEB ,求得=()2=.【解答】解:∵ =,∴设AD=BC=a ,则AB=CD=2a ,∴AC=a , ∵BF ⊥AC ,∴△CBE ∽△CAB ,△AEB ∽△ABC , ∴BC 2=CE•CA ,AB 2=AE•AC∴a 2=CE•a ,2a 2=AE•a ,∴CE=,AE=,∴=,∵△CEF ∽△AEB ,∴=()2=,故答案为:.18.任何实数a ,可用[a ]表示不超过a 的最大整数,如[4]=4,[]=1.现对72进行如下操作:72 []=8[]=2 []=1,这样对72只需进行3次操作后变为1,类似的,①对81只需进行 3 次操作后变为1;②只需进行3次操作后变为1的所有正整数中,最大的是 255 .【考点】估算无理数的大小.【分析】①根据规律依次求出即可;②要想确定只需进行3次操作后变为1的所有正整数,关键是确定二次操作后数的大小不能大于4,二次操作时根号内的数必须小于16,而一次操作时正整数255却好满足这一条件,即最大的正整数为255.【解答】解:①[]=9,[]=3,[]=1,故答案为:3;②最大的是255,[]=15,[]=3,[]=1,而[]=16,[]=4,[]=2,[]=1,即只需进行3次操作后变为1的所有正整数中,最大的正整数是255,故答案为:255.三、解答题:本大题共10小题,共86分,请在答题卡指定区域内作答,解答时应写出文字说明、证明过程或演算步骤.19.计算:(5)0+(﹣1)2+|﹣2|﹣tan60°.【考点】实数的运算.【分析】原式第一项利用零指数幂法则计算,第二项利用乘方的意义计算,第三项利用绝对值的代数意义化简,最后一项利用特殊角的三角函数值计算即可得到结果.【解答】解:原式=1+1+2﹣=4﹣.20.(1)解方程x2﹣2x﹣3=0(2)解不等式组.【考点】解一元二次方程-因式分解法;解一元一次不等式组.【分析】(1)利用因式分解法解方程;(2)分别解两个不等式得到x<2和x≥﹣1,然后根据大于小的小于大的取中间确定不等式组的解集.【解答】解:(1)(x﹣3)(x+1)=0,x﹣3=0或x+1=0,所以x1=3,x2=﹣1;(2),解①得x<2,解②得x≥﹣1,所以不等式组的解集为﹣1≤x<2.21.如图,已知四边形ABCD中,∠A=∠C,∠B=∠D,求证:四边形ABCD是平行四边形.【考点】平行四边形的判定.【分析】利用四边形的内角和和已知条件中的对角相等得到邻角互补,从而判定两组对边平行,进而证得结论.【解答】证明:∵∠A+∠B+∠C+∠D=360°,∠A=∠C,∠B=∠D,∴∠A+∠B=180°,又∵∠A=∠C,∴∠B+∠C=180°,∴AD∥BC,AB∥CD,∴四边形ABCD是平行四边形(两组对边分别平行的四边形是平行四边形).22.据报载,在“百万家庭低碳行,垃圾分类要先行”活动中,某地区对随机抽取的1000名公民的年龄段分布情况和对垃圾分类所持态度进行调查,并将调查结果分别绘成条形图(图1)、扇形图(图2).(1)图2中所缺少的百分数是12%;(2)这次随机调查中,如果公民年龄的中位数是正整数,那么这个中位数所在年龄段是36~45岁(填写年龄段);(3)这次随机调查中,年龄段是“25岁以下”的公民中“不赞成”的有5名,它占“25岁以下”人数的百分数是5%;(4)如果把所持态度中的“很赞同”和“赞同”统称为“支持”,那么这次被调查公民中“支持”的人有700名.【考点】条形统计图;扇形统计图;中位数.【分析】(1)本题需先根据已知条件,再结合图形列出式子,解出结果即可.(2)本题需先根据中位数的概念即可得出答案.(3)本题需先求出25岁以下的总人数,再用5除以总人数即可得出答案.(4)本题需先求出这次被调查公民中支持的人所占的百分比,再乘以总人数即可得出答案.【解答】解:(1)图2中所缺少的百分数是:1﹣39%﹣18%﹣31%=12%(2)∵共1000名公民,∴这个中位数所在年龄段是第500和第501个数的平均数,∴这个中位数所在年龄段是:36~45岁(3)∵年龄段是“25岁以下”的公民中“不赞成”的有5名,“25岁以下”的人数是1000×10%,∴它占“25岁以下”人数的百分数是×100%=5%,(4)∵所持态度中“很赞同”和“赞同”的人数所占的百分比分别是;39%,31%,∴这次被调查公民中“支持”的人有1000×(39%+31%)=700(人),故答案为:12%,36~45,5%,700.23.老师和小明同学玩数学游戏.老师取出一个不透明的口袋,口袋中装有三张分别标有数字1,2,3的卡片,卡片除数字外其余都相同,老师要求小明同学两次随机抽取一张卡片,并计算两次抽到卡片上的数字之积是奇数的概率.于是小明同学用画树状图的方法寻求他两次抽取卡片的所有可能结果.如图是小明同学所画的正确树状图的一部分.(1)补全小明同学所画的树状图;(2)求小明同学两次抽到卡片上的数字之积是奇数的概率.【考点】列表法与树状图法.【分析】(1)根据题意可得此题是放回实验,即可补全树状图;(2)由树状图可求得所有等可能的结果与小明同学两次抽到卡片上的数字之积是奇数的情况,再利用概率公式即可求得答案.【解答】解:(1)补全小明同学所画的树状图:(2)∵共有9种等可能的结果,小明同学两次抽到卡片上的数字之积是奇数的有4种情况,∴小明同学两次抽到卡片上的数字之积是奇数的概率为:.24.如图,AB为⊙O的直径,PQ切⊙O于T,AC⊥PQ于C,交⊙O于D.(1)求证:AT平分∠BAC;(2)若AO=2,AT=2,求AC的长.【考点】切线的性质;相似三角形的判定与性质.【分析】(1)连接OT,如图,根据切线的性质得OT⊥PQ,加上AC⊥PQ,则可判断OT∥AC,所以∠TAC=∠OTA,而∠OTA=∠OAT,所以∠TAC=∠OAT;(2)连接BT,如图,证明Rt△ABT∽Rt△ATC,然后利用相似比克计算出AC的长.【解答】(1)证明:连接OT,如图,∵PQ切⊙O于T,∴OT⊥PQ,∵AC⊥PQ,∴OT∥AC,∴∠TAC=∠OTA,而OT=OA,∴∠OTA=∠OAT,∴∠TAC=∠OAT,∴AT平分∠BAC;(2)解:连接BT,如图,∵AB为直径,∴∠ATB=90°,∵∠TAC=∠BAT,∴Rt△ABT∽Rt△ATC,∴=,即=,∴AC=3.25.某市因水而名,因水而美,因水而兴,市政府作出了“五水共治”决策:治污水、防洪水、排涝水、保供水、抓节水.某区某乡镇对某河道进行整治,由甲乙两工程队合作20天可完成.已知甲工程队单独整治需60天完成.(1)求乙工程队单独完成河道整治需多少天?(2)若甲乙两工程队合做a天后,再由甲工程队单独做(60﹣3a)天(用含a的代数式表示)可完成河道整治任务.(3)如果甲工程队每天施工费5000元,乙工程队每天施工费为1.5万元,先由甲乙两工程队合作整治,剩余工程由甲工程队单独完成,问要使支付两工程队费用最少,并且确保河道在40天内(含40天)整治完毕,问需支付两工程队费用最少多少万元?【考点】分式方程的应用;一元一次不等式的应用.【分析】(1)设乙工程队单独完成河道整治需x天,根据工作量为“1”列出方程并解答;(2)设甲工程队单独做x天,根据甲的工作量+乙的工作量=1列出方程并解答;(3)利用(2)的结果求得a的取值范围.设费用为y,则由总费用=甲施工费+乙施工费列出方程并解答.【解答】解:(1)设乙工程队单独完成河道整治需x天,依题意得:(+)×20=1,解得x=30.经检验,x=30是原方程的根并符合题意.答:设乙工程队单独完成河道整治需30天;(2)设甲工程队单独做x天,依题意得:(+)×a+x=1,解得x=60﹣3a.故答案是:(60﹣3a);(3)由(2)得,一共用了a+60﹣3a=60﹣2a≤40,a≥10.设费用为y,则y=(0.5+1.5)a+0.5(60﹣3a)=0.5a+30.当a=10时,y最小值为35.答:最少费用为35万元.26.一、阅读理解:在△ABC中,BC=a,CA=b,AB=c;(1)若∠C为直角,则a2+b2=c2;(2)若∠C为锐角,则a2+b2与c2的关系为:a2+b2>c2;(3)若∠C为钝角,试推导a2+b2与c2的关系.二、探究问题:在△ABC中,BC=a=3,CA=b=4,AB=c,若△ABC是钝角三角形,求第三边c 的取值范围.【考点】勾股定理.【分析】一、(1)由勾股定理即可得出结论;(2)作AD⊥BC于D,则BD=BC﹣CD=a﹣CD,由勾股定理得出AB2﹣BD2=AD2,AC2﹣CD2=AD2,得出AB2﹣BD2=AC2﹣CD2,整理得出a2+b2=c2+2a•CD,即可得出结论;(3)作AD⊥BC于D,则BD=BC+CD=a+CD,由勾股定理得出AD2=AB2=BD2,AD2=AC2﹣CD2,得出AB2﹣BD2=AC2﹣CD2,整理即可得出结论;二、分两种情况:①当∠C为钝角时,由以上(3)得:<c<a+b,即可得出结果;②当∠B为钝角时,得:b﹣a<c<,即可得出结果.【解答】一、解:(1)∵∠C为直角,BC=a,CA=b,AB=c,∴a2+b2=c2;(2)作AD⊥BC于D,如图1所示:则BD=BC﹣CD=a﹣CD,在△ABD中,AB2﹣BD2=AD2,在△ACD中,AC2﹣CD2=AD2,∴AB2﹣BD2=AC2﹣CD2,∴c2﹣(a﹣CD)2=b2﹣CD2,整理得:a2+b2=c2+2a•CD,∵a>0,CD>0,∴a2+b2>c2;(3)作AD⊥BC于D,如图2所示:则BD=BC+CD=a+CD,在△ABD中,AD2=AB2=BD2,在△ACD中,AD2=AC2﹣CD2,∴AB2﹣BD2=AC2﹣CD2,∴c2﹣(a+CD)2=b2﹣CD2,整理得:a2+b2=c2﹣2a•CD,∵a>0,CD>0,∴a2+b2<c2;二、解:当∠C为钝角时,由以上(3)得:<c<a+b,即5<c<7;当∠B为钝角时,得:b﹣a<c<,即1<c<;综上所述:第三边c的取值范围为5<c<7或1<c<.27.如图,在同一平面上,两块斜边相等的直角三角板Rt△ABC和Rt△ADC拼在一起,使斜边AC完全重合,且顶点B,D分别在AC的两旁,∠ABC=∠ADC=90°,∠CAD=30°,AB=BC=4cm(1)填空:AD=2(cm),DC=2(cm)(2)点M,N分别从A点,C点同时以每秒1cm的速度等速出发,且分别在AD,CB上沿A→D,C→B方向运动,点N到AD的距离(用含x的式子表示)(3)在(2)的条件下,取DC中点P,连接MP,NP,设△PMN的面积为y(cm2),在整个运动过程中,△PMN的面积y存在最大值,请求出y的最大值.(参考数据sin75°=,sin15°=)【考点】相似形综合题.【分析】(1)由勾股定理求出AC,由∠CAD=30°,得出DC=AC=2,由三角函数求出AD即可;(2)过N作NE⊥AD于E,作NF⊥DC,交DC的延长线于F,则NE=DF,求出∠NCF=75°,∠FNC=15°,由三角函数求出FC,得NE=DF=x+2,即可得出结果;(3)由三角函数求出FN,得出PF,△PMN的面积y=梯形MDFN的面积﹣△PMD的面积﹣△PNF的面积,得出y是x的二次函数,即可得出y的最大值.【解答】解:(1)∵∠ABC=90°,AB=BC=4cm,∴AC===4,∵∠ADC=90°,∠CAD=30°,∴DC=AC=2,∴AD=DC=2;故答案为:2,2;(2)过点N作NE⊥AD于E,作NF⊥DC,交DC的延长线于F,如图所示:则NE=DF,∵∠ABC=∠ADC=90°,AB=BC,∠CAD=30°,∴∠ACB=45°,∠ACD=60°,∴∠NCF=180°﹣45°﹣60°=75°,∠FNC=15°,∵sin∠FNC=,NC=x,∴FC=x,∴NE=DF=x+2,∴点N到AD的距离为x+2;(3)∵sin∠NCF=,∴FN=x,∵P为DC的中点,∴PD=CP=,∴PF=x+,∴△PMN的面积y=梯形MDFN的面积﹣△PMD的面积﹣△PNF的面积=(x+2﹣x)(x+2)﹣(2﹣x)×﹣(x+)(x)=x2+x+2,即y是x的二次函数,∵<0,∴y有最大值,当x=﹣=时,y有最大值为=.28.已知:如图在平面直角坐标系xOy中,矩形OABC的边OA在y轴的负半轴上,OC在x 轴的正半轴上,OA=2,OC=3,过原点O作∠AOC的平分线交线段AB于点D,连接DC,过点D作DE⊥DC,交线段OA于点E.(1)求过点E、D、C的抛物线的解析式;(2)如图2将∠EDC绕点D按逆时针方向旋转后,角的一边与y轴的负半轴交于点F,另一边与线段OC交于点G,如果DF与(1)中的抛物线交于另一点M,点M的横坐标为,求证:EF=2GO;(3)对于(2)中的点G,在位于第四象限内的该跑物像上是否存在点Q,使得直线GQ与AB的交点P与点C、G构成的△PCG是等腰三角形?若存在,请求出点Q的坐标;若不存在,请说明理由.【考点】二次函数综合题.【分析】(1)利用待定系数法求解抛物线解析式;(2)利用待定系数法求解直线解析式,得到F(0,3),EF=2,从而得出∠FDA=∠GDK,KG=AF 即可;(3)分三种情况,①PG=PC,②若PG=GC,③若PG=GC,由勾股定理解得即可.【解答】解:(1)由已知,得C(3,0),D(2,2),∵∠ADE90°﹣∠CDB=∠BCD,∴AD=BC,AD=2,∴E(0,1),设过点E,D,C的抛物线的解析式为y=ax2+bx+c(a≠0),将点E,D,C的坐标分别代入,得;解这个方程组,得,∴抛物线点的解析式为y=﹣x2+x+1;(2)证明:∵点M在抛物线上,且它的横坐标为,设DM的解析式为y=kx+m(k≠0),将点D,M的坐标分别代入,得,解得,,∴DM的解析式为y=﹣x+3,∴F(0,3),EF=2.过点D作DK⊥OC于K,∴DA=DK,∵∠ADK=∠FDG=90°,∴∠FDA=∠GDK,∴KG=AF=1,∵OC=3,∴EF=2GO.(3)如图:∵点P在AB上,G(1,0),C(3,0),则设P(t,2),∴PG2=(t﹣1)2+22,PC2=(3﹣t)2+22,CG=2①PG=PC,∴(t﹣1)2+22=(3﹣t)2+22,∴t=2∴P(2,2),此时点Q与点P重合,∴Q(2,2),②若PG=GC,∴(t﹣1)2+22=22,∴t=1,∴P(1,2),此时GP⊥x轴,GP与抛物线在第一象限内的交点Q的横坐标为1,∴Q的纵坐标为,∴Q(1,).③若PG=GC,∴(3﹣t)2+22=22,∴t=3,∴P(3,2),此时PC=GC=2,∴△PGC为等腰直角三角形,过点Q作QH⊥x轴于点H,∴QH=GH,SHE QH=h,∴Q(h+1,h),∴﹣(h+1)2+(h+1)+1=h,∴h=﹣2(舍)或h=7,∴Q(,),∴Q(2,2)或Q(1,)或Q(,).2016年6月9日。
2016年徐州市铜山区中考语文综合模拟试卷一(附答案)
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2016年徐州市铜山区中考语文综合模拟试卷(一)(本试卷总分140分,时间120分钟)一、语文积累与语言运用(25分)1.下列词语书写及加点字注音全都正确的一项是(2分)()A、倔(jué)强脑髓(suǐ)锲(qì)而不舍张惶(huáng)失措B、砭(biān)骨嘻(xī)闹鞠躬尽瘁(cuì)断壁残垣(yuán)C.泥泞(nìng)狩(shòu)猎遐想叱咤(zhà)风云粗制滥造D.栈(zhàn)桥附和(hè)决别浑身解(xiè)数谈笑风生2.请根据要求填写古诗文名句(10分)(1) ____________________,悠然见南山。
(2) _____________________,叶底黄鹂一两声。
(3)_____________________,东风无力百花残。
(4) 马作的卢飞快,_____________________。
(5)子日:“岁寒,_______________________。
”(6)____________________;处江湖之远则忧其君。
(7),枳花照驿墙。
(8)燕子来时新社,。
(9)“时有落花至,远随流水香”这两句诗表现了落花积极进取的精神.但龚自珍《已亥杂诗》中的“_____________________,____________________”在境界上更胜一筹。
3、阅读下面一段文字,回答问题(6分)在一个村庄里,住着一位ruì()智的老人,村里有什么疑难问题都来向他(A)。
有一天聪明又调皮的孩子,想要故意为难那位老人。
他捉了一只小鸟,握在手掌中,跑去问:“老爷爷,听说您是最有智慧的人,不过我却不相信。
如果您能猜出我手中的鸟是活还是死的,我就相信了。
”老人注视着小孩子狡黠()的眼晴,心中有数,如果他回答小鸟是活的,小孩会暗中加劲把小鸟掐死;如果他回答是死的,小孩就会张开双手让小鸟飞走。
江苏省徐州市2016届中考数学一模试题含解析
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江苏省徐州市2016届中考数学一模试题一、选择题(共8小题,每小题3分,满分24分)1.﹣2的相反数是()A.2 B.﹣2 C.D.﹣2.下列运算正确的是()A.x•x2=x2B.(xy)2=xy2C.(x2)3=x6D.x2+x2=x43.徐州市总投资为44亿元的东三环路高架快速路建成,不仅疏解了中心城区的交通,还形成了我市的快速路网,拉动了个区域间的交流,44亿用科学记数法表示为()A.×109B.×109C.44×108D.×1084.所示图形中,既是轴对称图形,又是中心对称图形的是()A.B.C.D.5.在一次数学测验中,一学习小组七人的成绩如表所示:成绩(分) 78 89 96 100人数 1 2 3 1这七人成绩的中位数是()A.22 B.89 C.92 D.966.下列各图不是正方体表面展开图的是()A.B.C.D.7.一次函数y=x﹣1的图象向上平移2个单位后,不经过()A.第一象限 B.第二象限 C.第三象限 D.第四象限8.已知二次函数y=ax2+bx+c(a≠0)的图象如图,以下结论:①abc>0;②b2﹣4ac<0;③9a+3b+c>0;④c+8a<0,其中正确的个数是()A.1 B.2 C.3 D.4二、填空题(共10小题,每小题3分,满分30分)9.3的平方根是.10.已知反比例函数y=的图象,在第一象限内y随x的增大而减小,则n的取值范围是.11.一只袋子中装有3个白球和7个红球,这些球除颜色外都相同,搅匀后从中任意摸出一个球,摸到白球的概率是.12.若a﹣3b=4,则8﹣2a+6b的值为.13.若直角三角形的一个锐角为50°,则另一个锐角的度数是度.14.已知扇形的圆心角为120°,弧长为2π,则它的半径为.15.如图,⊙O的直径为10,弦AB长为8,点P在AB上运动,则OP的最小值是.16.如图,在Rt△ABC中,∠ABC=90°,AB=BC=,将△ABC绕点C逆时针旋转60°,得到△MNC,连接BM,则BM的长是.17.正六边形ABCDEF的边长为2cm,点P为这个正六边形内部的一个动点,则点P到这个正六边形各边的距离之和为cm.18.按如图所示的程序计算,若开始输入的x的值为48,我们发现第一次得到的结果为24,第二次得到的结果为12,…,则第2016次得到的结果为.三、解答题(共10小题,满分86分)19.(1)计算:|﹣3|﹣20160+()﹣1﹣()2;(2)计算:÷.20.(1)解方程:x2﹣4x+3=0;(2)解不等式组.21.已知,如图,正方形ABCD中,点E,F分别在AD,CD上,且DE=CF,连接BE,AF.求证:BE=AF.22.某城市体育中考项目分为必测项目和选测项目,必测项目为:跳绳、立定跳远;选测项目为50米、实心球、踢毽子三项中任选一项.(1)每位考生将有种选择方案;(2)用画树状图或列表的方法求小颖和小华将选择同种方案的概率.23.为了解九年级学生的投篮命中率,组织了九年级学生定点投篮,规定每人投篮3次.现对九年级(1)班每名学生投中的次数进行统计,绘制成如下的两幅统计图,根据图中提供的信息,回答下列问题.(1)九年级(1)班的学生人数m= 人,扇形统计图中n= %;(2)请补全条形统计图;(3)扇形统计图中“3次”对应的圆心角的度数为°;(4)若九年级有学生900人,估计投中次数在2次以上(包括2次)的人数.24.某中学组织学生到离学校15km的东山游玩,先遣队与大队同时出发,先遣队的速度是大队的速度的倍,结果先遣队比大队早到,先遣队的速度是多少?大队的速度是多少?25.如图,平地上一个建筑物AB与铁塔CD相距60m,在建筑物的顶部测得铁塔底部的俯角为30°,测得铁塔顶部的仰角为45°,求铁塔的高度(取,精确到1m).26.某网店打出促销广告:最潮新款服装30件,每件售价300元.若一次性购买不超过10件时,售价不变;若一次性购买超过10件时,每多买1件,所买的每件服装的售价均降低3元.已知该服装成本是每件200元,设顾客一次性购买服装x件时,该网店从中获利y元.(1)求y与x的函数关系式,并写出自变量x的取值范围;(2)顾客一次性购买多少件时,该网店从中获利最多?27.如图,矩形OABC的顶点A、C分别在x、y轴的正半轴上,点D为对角线OB的中点,点E(4,n)在边AB上,反比例函数(k≠0)在第一象限内的图象经过点D、E,且tan∠BOA=.(1)求边AB的长;(2)求反比例函数的解析式和n的值;(3)若反比例函数的图象与矩形的边BC交于点F,将矩形折叠,使点O与点F重合,折痕分别与x、y轴正半轴交于点H、G,求线段OG的长.28.如图,在平面直角坐标系中,O为原点,平行四边形ABCD的边BC在x轴上,D点在y 轴上,C点坐标为(2,0),BC=6,∠BCD=60°,点E是AB上一点,AE=3EB,⊙P过D,O,C三点,抛物线y=ax2+bx+c过点D,B,C三点.(1)请直接写出点B、D的坐标:B(),D();(2)求抛物线的解析式;(3)求证:ED是⊙P的切线;(4)若点M为抛物线的顶点,请直接写出平面上点N的坐标,使得以点B,D,M,N为顶点的四边形为平行四边形.2016年江苏省徐州市中考数学一模试卷参考答案与试题解析一、选择题(共8小题,每小题3分,满分24分)1.﹣2的相反数是()A.2 B.﹣2 C.D.﹣【考点】相反数.【分析】根据相反数的意义,只有符号不同的数为相反数.【解答】解:根据相反数的定义,﹣2的相反数是2.故选:A.【点评】本题考查了相反数的意义.注意掌握只有符号不同的数为相反数,0的相反数是0.2.下列运算正确的是()A.x•x2=x2B.(xy)2=xy2C.(x2)3=x6D.x2+x2=x4【考点】同底数幂的除法;同底数幂的乘法;幂的乘方与积的乘方.【专题】应用题.【分析】根据同底数幂的除法,底数不变指数相减,合并同类项,系数相加字母和字母的指数不变,同底数幂的乘法,底数不变指数相加,幂的乘方,底数不变指数相乘,对各选项计算后利用排除法求解.【解答】解:A、x•x2=x3同底数幂的乘法,底数不变指数相加,故本选项错误;B、(xy)2=x2y2,幂的乘方,底数不变指数相乘,故本选项错误;C、(x2)3=x6,幂的乘方,底数不变指数相乘,故本选项正确;D、x2+x2=2x2,故本选项错误.故选C.【点评】本题考查同底数幂的除法,合并同类项,同底数幂的乘法,幂的乘方很容易混淆,一定要记准法则才能做题,难度适中.3.徐州市总投资为44亿元的东三环路高架快速路建成,不仅疏解了中心城区的交通,还形成了我市的快速路网,拉动了个区域间的交流,44亿用科学记数法表示为()A.×109B.×109C.44×108D.×108【考点】科学记数法—表示较大的数.【分析】科学记数法的表示形式为a×10n的形式,其中1≤|a|<10,n为整数.确定n的值时,要看把原数变成a时,小数点移动了多少位,n的绝对值与小数点移动的位数相同.当原数绝对值>1时,n是正数;当原数的绝对值<1时,n是负数.【解答】解:44亿=44 0000 0000=×109,故选:B.【点评】此题考查科学记数法的表示方法.科学记数法的表示形式为a×10n的形式,其中1≤|a|<10,n为整数,表示时关键要正确确定a的值以及n的值.4.所示图形中,既是轴对称图形,又是中心对称图形的是()A.B.C.D.【考点】关于原点对称的点的坐标.【分析】根据中心对称图形的定义旋转180°后能够与原图形完全重合即是中心对称图形,以及轴对称图形的定义:如果一个图形沿一条直线折叠,直线两旁的部分能够互相重合,这个图形叫做轴对称图形,这条直线叫做对称轴,即可判断出答案.【解答】解:A、此图形是中心对称图形,也是轴对称图形,故此选项正确;B、此图形不是中心对称图形,也不是轴对称图形,故此选项错误;C、此图形不是中心对称图形,是轴对称图形,故此选项错误;D、此图形是中心对称图形,不是轴对称图形,故此选项错误.故选:A.【点评】此题主要考查了中心对称图形与轴对称的定义,关键是找出图形的对称中心与对称轴.5.在一次数学测验中,一学习小组七人的成绩如表所示:成绩(分) 78 89 96 100人数 1 2 3 1这七人成绩的中位数是()A.22 B.89 C.92 D.96【考点】中位数.【分析】将一组数据从小到大依次排列,把中间数据(或中间两数据的平均数)叫做中位数.【解答】解:这七人成绩的中位数是96,故选D【点评】本题考查了确定一组数据的中位数的求法.注意找中位数的时候一定要先排好顺序,如果数据有奇数个,则正中间的数字即为所求;如果是偶数个则找中间两位数的平均数.6.下列各图不是正方体表面展开图的是()A.B.C.D.【考点】几何体的展开图.【分析】由平面图形的折叠及立体图形的表面展开图的特点解题.【解答】解:A、是正方体表面展开图,不符合题意;B、是正方体表面展开图,不符合题意;C、是正方体表面展开图,不符合题意;D、有“田”字格,不是正方体表面展开图,符合题意.故选:D.【点评】本题考查了几何体的展开图.只要有“田”字格的展开图都不是正方体的表面展开图.7.一次函数y=x﹣1的图象向上平移2个单位后,不经过()A.第一象限 B.第二象限 C.第三象限 D.第四象限【考点】一次函数图象与几何变换.【分析】求直线平移后的解析式时要注意平移时k的值不变,只有b发生变化.【解答】解:因为一次函数y=x﹣1的图象向上平移2个单位后的解析式为:y=x+1,所以图象不经过四象限,故选D【点评】本题考查图形的平移变换和函数解析式之间的关系,在平面直角坐标系中,图形的平移与图形上某点的平移相同.平移中点的变化规律是:横坐标左移加,右移减;纵坐标上移加,下移减.平移后解析式有这样一个规律“左加右减,上加下减”.关键是要搞清楚平移前后的解析式有什么关系.8.已知二次函数y=ax2+bx+c(a≠0)的图象如图,以下结论:①abc>0;②b2﹣4ac<0;③9a+3b+c>0;④c+8a<0,其中正确的个数是()A.1 B.2 C.3 D.4【考点】二次函数图象与系数的关系.【分析】根据二次函数的图象求出a<0,c>0,根据抛物线的对称轴求出b=﹣2a>0,即可得出abc<0;根据图象与x轴有两个交点,推出b2﹣4ac>0;对称轴是直线x=1,与x轴一个交点的横坐标是﹣1,求出与x轴另一个交点的横坐标坐标是3,把x=3代入二次函数得出y=9a+3b+c<0;把x=4代入得出y=16a﹣8a+c=8a+c,根据图象得出8a+c<0.【解答】解:∵二次函数的图象开口向下,图象与y轴交于y轴的正半轴上,∴a<0,c>0,∵抛物线的对称轴是直线x=1,∴﹣=1,∴b=﹣2a>0,∴abc<0,故①错误;∵图象与x轴有两个交点,∴b2﹣4ac>0,故②错误;∵抛物线对称轴是直线x=1,与x轴一个交点的横坐标是﹣1,∴与x轴另一个交点的横坐标坐标是3,∵当x=﹣1时,y<0,∴当x=3时,y<0,即9a+3b+c<0,故③错误;∵当x=3时,y<0,∴x=4时,y<0,∴y=16a+4b+c<0,∵b=﹣2a,∴y=16a﹣8a+c=8a+c<0,故④正确.故选A.【点评】本题考查了二次函数的图象、性质,二次函数图象与系数的关系,主要考查学生的观察图形的能力和辨析能力,题目比较好,但是一道比较容易出错的题目.二、填空题(共10小题,每小题3分,满分30分)9.3的平方根是.【考点】平方根.【专题】计算题.【分析】直接根据平方根的概念即可求解.【解答】解:∵()2=3,∴3的平方根是为.故答案为:±.【点评】本题主要考查了平方根的概念,比较简单.10.已知反比例函数y=的图象,在第一象限内y随x的增大而减小,则n的取值范围是n>﹣3 .【考点】反比例函数的性质.【分析】由于反比例函数y=的图象在每个象限内y的值随x的值增大而减小,可知比例系数为正数,据此列出不等式解答即可.【解答】解:∵反比例函数y=的图象在每个象限内y的值随x的值增大而减小,∴n+3>0,解得n>﹣3.故答案为n>﹣3.【点评】本题考查了反比例函数的性质,要知道:(1)k>0,反比例函数图象在一、三象限,在每个象限内y的值随x的值增大而减小;(2)k<0,反比例函数图象在第二、四象限内,在每个象限内y的值随x的值增大而增大.11.一只袋子中装有3个白球和7个红球,这些球除颜色外都相同,搅匀后从中任意摸出一个球,摸到白球的概率是.【考点】概率公式.【分析】根据概率的求法,找准两点:①全部情况的总数;②符合条件的情况数目;二者的比值就是其发生的概率.【解答】解:根据题意可得:不透明的袋子里,装有10个乒乓球,其中3个白色的,故任意摸出1个,摸到白色乒乓球的概率是3÷10=.故答案为:.【点评】此题考查概率的求法:如果一个事件有n种可能,而且这些事件的可能性相同,其中事件A出现m种结果,那么事件A的概率P(A)=.12.若a﹣3b=4,则8﹣2a+6b的值为0 .【考点】代数式求值.【专题】推理填空题.【分析】根据a﹣3b=4,对式子8﹣2a+6b变形,可以建立﹣3b=4与8﹣2a+6b的关系,从而可以解答本题.【解答】解:∵a﹣3b=4,∴8﹣2a+6b=8﹣2(a﹣3b)=8﹣2×4=8﹣8=0,故答案为:0.【点评】本题考查代数式求值,解题的关键是对所求式子进行变形建立与已知式子的关系.13.若直角三角形的一个锐角为50°,则另一个锐角的度数是40 度.【考点】直角三角形的性质.【分析】根据直角三角形两锐角互余解答.【解答】解:∵一个锐角为50°,∴另一个锐角的度数=90°﹣50°=40°.故答案为:40°.【点评】本题利用直角三角形两锐角互余的性质.14.已知扇形的圆心角为120°,弧长为2π,则它的半径为 3 .【考点】弧长的计算.【分析】根据弧长公式代入求解即可.【解答】解:∵l=,∴R==3.故答案为:3.【点评】本题考查了弧长的计算,解答本题的关键是掌握弧长公式:l=.15.如图,⊙O的直径为10,弦AB长为8,点P在AB上运动,则OP的最小值是 3 .【考点】垂径定理;勾股定理.【分析】根据“点到直线的最短距离是垂线段的长度”知当OP⊥AB时,OP的值最小.连接OA,在直角三角形OAP中由勾股定理即可求得OP的长度.【解答】解:当OP⊥AB时,OP的值最小,则AP′=BP′=AB=4,如图所示,连接OA,在Rt△OAP′中,AP′=4,OA=5,则根据勾股定理知OP′=3,即OP的最小值为3.【点评】本题主要考查了勾股定理、垂径定理.注意两点之间,垂线段最短是解答此题的关键.16.如图,在Rt△ABC中,∠ABC=90°,AB=BC=,将△ABC绕点C逆时针旋转60°,得到△MNC,连接BM,则BM的长是+1 .【考点】旋转的性质;全等三角形的判定与性质;角平分线的性质;等边三角形的判定与性质;等腰直角三角形.【专题】压轴题.【分析】如图,连接AM,由题意得:CA=CM,∠ACM=60°,得到△ACM为等边三角形根据AB=BC,CM=AM,得出BM垂直平分AC,于是求出BO=AC=1,OM=CM•sin60°=,最终得到答案BM=BO+OM=1+.【解答】解:如图,连接AM,由题意得:CA=CM,∠ACM=60°,∴△ACM为等边三角形,∴AM=CM,∠MAC=∠MCA=∠AMC=60°;∵∠ABC=90°,AB=BC=,∴AC=2=CM=2,∵AB=BC,CM=AM,∴BM垂直平分AC,∴BO=AC=1,OM=CM•sin60°=,∴BM=BO+OM=1+,故答案为:1+.【点评】本题考查了图形的变换﹣旋转,等腰直角三角形的性质,等边三角形的判定和性质,线段的垂直平分线的性质,准确把握旋转的性质是解题的关键.17.正六边形ABCDEF的边长为2cm,点P为这个正六边形内部的一个动点,则点P到这个正六边形各边的距离之和为cm.【考点】正多边形和圆.【专题】压轴题;动点型.【分析】此题可采用取特殊点的方法进行计算,即当O为圆心时进行计算.【解答】解:如图所示,过P作PH⊥BC于H,根据正六边形的性质可知,∠BPC=60°,即∠BPH=∠BPC=×60°=30°,BH=BC=×2=1cm;∴PH===,∴正六边形各边的距离之和=6PH=6×=6cm.故答案为:6.【点评】此题比较简单,解答此题的关键是根据题意画出图形,再由正六边形及等腰三角形的性质解答即可.18.按如图所示的程序计算,若开始输入的x的值为48,我们发现第一次得到的结果为24,第二次得到的结果为12,…,则第2016次得到的结果为﹣12 .【考点】代数式求值.【专题】图表型;规律型.【分析】根据图表可以计算出每次输出的结果,先算出前面几次的结果,通过观察数据,发现其中的规律,然后即可解答本题.【解答】解:由图表可得,第一次输出的结果为:48×;第二次输出的结果为:;第三次输出的结果为:;第四次输出的结果为:;第五次输出的结果为:3﹣5=﹣2;第六次输出的结果为:;第七次输出的结果为:﹣1﹣5=﹣6;第八次输出的结果为:;第九次输出的结果为:﹣3﹣5=﹣8;第十次输出的结果为:;第十一次输出的结果为:﹣4﹣5=﹣9;第十二次输出的结果为:﹣9﹣5=﹣14;第十三次输出的结果为:;第十四次输出的结果为:﹣7﹣5=﹣12;第十五次输出的结果为:;第十六次输出的结果为:;第十七次输出的结果为:﹣3﹣5=﹣8;由上可得,从第七次到第十四次为一个循环,即八次一循环,∵(2016﹣6)÷8=2010÷8=225,∴第2016次得到的结果为:﹣12,故答案为:﹣12.【点评】本题考查代数式求值,解题的关键是明确表格提供的信息,根据表格可以算出每次输出的数据,能发现其规律,注意计算一定要仔细认真.三、解答题(共10小题,满分86分)19.(1)计算:|﹣3|﹣20160+()﹣1﹣()2;(2)计算:÷.【考点】实数的运算;分式的乘除法;零指数幂;负整数指数幂.【专题】计算题;实数.【分析】(1)原式第一项利用绝对值的代数意义化简,第二项利用零指数幂法则计算,第三项利用负整数指数幂法则计算,最后一项利用平方根定义计算即可得到结果;(2)原式利用除法法则变形,约分即可得到结果.【解答】解:(1)原式=3﹣1+4﹣2=7﹣3=4;(2)原式=•=1.【点评】此题考查了实数的运算,以及分式的乘除法,熟练掌握运算法则是解本题的关键.20.(1)解方程:x2﹣4x+3=0;(2)解不等式组.【考点】解一元二次方程-因式分解法;解一元一次不等式组.【专题】计算题;一次方程(组)及应用.【分析】(1)方程利用因式分解法求出解即可;(2)分别求出不等式组中两不等式的解集,找出解集的公共部分即可.【解答】解:(1)分解因式得:(x﹣1)(x﹣3)=0,可得x﹣1=0或x﹣3=0,解得:x1=1,x2=3;(2),由①得:x≥1,由②得:x>2,则不等式组的解集为x>2.【点评】此题考查了解一元二次方程﹣因式分解法,以及解一元一次不等式组,熟练掌握运算法则是解本题的关键.21.已知,如图,正方形ABCD中,点E,F分别在AD,CD上,且DE=CF,连接BE,AF.求证:BE=AF.【考点】正方形的性质;全等三角形的判定与性质.【专题】证明题.【分析】由正方形ABCD中,DE=CF,易证得△ABE≌△DAF(SAS),则可证得结论.【解答】证明:∵四边形ABCD是正方形,∴∠BAE=∠D=90°,AB=AD=CD,∵DE=CF,∴AE=DF,在△ABE和△DAF中,,∴△ABE≌△DAF(SAS),∴BE=AF.【点评】此题考查了正方形的性质以及全等三角形的判定与性质.注意证得△ABE≌△DAF 是关键.22.某城市体育中考项目分为必测项目和选测项目,必测项目为:跳绳、立定跳远;选测项目为50米、实心球、踢毽子三项中任选一项.(1)每位考生将有 3 种选择方案;(2)用画树状图或列表的方法求小颖和小华将选择同种方案的概率.【考点】列表法与树状图法.【分析】(1)由必测项目为:跳绳、立定跳远;选测项目为50米、实心球、踢毽子三项中任选一项,即可求得答案;(2)首先根据题意画出树状图,然后由树状图求得所有等可能的结果与小颖和小华将选择同种方案的情况,再利用概率公式即可求得答案.【解答】解:(1)∵必测项目为:跳绳、立定跳远;选测项目为50米、实心球、踢毽子三项中任选一项,∴每位考生将有3种选择方案;故答案为:3;(2)画树状图得:∵共有9种等可能的结果,小颖和小华将选择同种方案的有3种情况,∴小颖和小华将选择同种方案的概率为: =.【点评】此题考查了列表法或树状图法求概率.用到的知识点为:概率=所求情况数与总情况数之比.23.为了解九年级学生的投篮命中率,组织了九年级学生定点投篮,规定每人投篮3次.现对九年级(1)班每名学生投中的次数进行统计,绘制成如下的两幅统计图,根据图中提供的信息,回答下列问题.(1)九年级(1)班的学生人数m= 40 人,扇形统计图中n= 45 %;(2)请补全条形统计图;(3)扇形统计图中“3次”对应的圆心角的度数为72 °;(4)若九年级有学生900人,估计投中次数在2次以上(包括2次)的人数.【考点】条形统计图;用样本估计总体;扇形统计图.【分析】(1)根据总数=频数÷百分比进行计算即可;利用总数减去投中0次,1次,3次的人数可得投中2次的人数,再根据百分比=频数÷总数×100%可得投中2次、3次的百分比;(2)利用(1)中数据补全图形即可;(3)图中3次的圆心角的度数=360°×投中3次的百分比;(4)根据样本估计总体的方法进行计算即可.【解答】解:(1)九年级(1)班学生人数:12÷30%=40(人);投中两次的人数:40﹣2﹣12﹣8=18(人),n=18÷40×100%=45%,8÷40×100%=20%.(2)如图所示:(3)360°×20%=72°;(4)900×(1﹣5%﹣30%)=585(人),答:投中次数在2次以上(包括2次)的人数有585人.【点评】此题主要考查了条形统计图和扇形统计图的综合运用,以及样本估计总体,读懂统计图,从不同的统计图中得到必要的信息是解决问题的关键.条形统计图能清楚地表示出每个项目的数据;扇形统计图直接反映部分占总体的百分比大小.24.某中学组织学生到离学校15km的东山游玩,先遣队与大队同时出发,先遣队的速度是大队的速度的倍,结果先遣队比大队早到,先遣队的速度是多少?大队的速度是多少?【考点】分式方程的应用.【分析】首先设大队的速度为x千米/时,则先遣队的速度是千米/时,由题意可知先遣队用的时间+小时=大队用的时间.【解答】解:设大队的速度为x千米/时,则先遣队的速度是千米/时,=+,解得:x=5,经检验x=5是原方程的解,=×5=6.答:先遣队的速度是6千米/时,大队的速度是5千米/时.【点评】此题主要考查了分式方程的应用,关键是弄懂题意,表示出大队和先遣队各走15千米所用的时间,根据时间关系:先遣队比大队早到列出方程解决问题.25.如图,平地上一个建筑物AB与铁塔CD相距60m,在建筑物的顶部测得铁塔底部的俯角为30°,测得铁塔顶部的仰角为45°,求铁塔的高度(取,精确到1m).【考点】解直角三角形的应用-仰角俯角问题.【分析】先过A点作AE⊥CD于E点,根据题意得出四边形ABDE为矩形,再根据特殊角的三角函数值求出DE,然后根据等腰直角三角形的特点求出CE的值,最后根据CD=CE+ED,即可得出答案.【解答】解:过A点作AE⊥CD于E点,由题意得,四边形ABDE为矩形,∵∠DAE=30°,BD=60m,∴AE=BD=60m,tan30°=,∴DE=tan30°•AE=•60=20m,∵∠CAE=45°,∴∠ACE=45°,∴AE=EC,∴CE=60m,∴CD=CE+ED=60+20=60+20×≈95(m),∴铁塔的高度是95米.【点评】本题考查了仰角的定义,要求学生能借助仰角构造直角三角形并解直角三角形.26.某网店打出促销广告:最潮新款服装30件,每件售价300元.若一次性购买不超过10件时,售价不变;若一次性购买超过10件时,每多买1件,所买的每件服装的售价均降低3元.已知该服装成本是每件200元,设顾客一次性购买服装x件时,该网店从中获利y元.(1)求y与x的函数关系式,并写出自变量x的取值范围;(2)顾客一次性购买多少件时,该网店从中获利最多?【考点】二次函数的应用.【分析】(1)根据题意可得出销量乘以每台利润进而得出总利润,进而得出答案;(2)根据销量乘以每台利润进而得出总利润,即可求出即可.【解答】解:(1)y=,(2)在0≤x≤10时,y=100x,当x=10时,y有最大值1000;在10<x≤30时,y=﹣3x2+130x,当x=21时,y取得最大值,∵x为整数,根据抛物线的对称性得x=22时,y有最大值1408.∵1408>1000,∴顾客一次购买22件时,该网站从中获利最多.【点评】此题主要考查了二次函数的应用,根据题意得出y与x的函数关系是解题关键.27.如图,矩形OABC的顶点A、C分别在x、y轴的正半轴上,点D为对角线OB的中点,点E(4,n)在边AB上,反比例函数(k≠0)在第一象限内的图象经过点D、E,且tan∠BOA=.(1)求边AB的长;(2)求反比例函数的解析式和n的值;(3)若反比例函数的图象与矩形的边BC交于点F,将矩形折叠,使点O与点F重合,折痕分别与x、y轴正半轴交于点H、G,求线段OG的长.【考点】反比例函数综合题.【专题】综合题.【分析】(1)根据点E的纵坐标判断出OA=4,再根据tan∠BOA=即可求出AB的长度;(2)根据(1)求出点B的坐标,再根据点D是OB的中点求出点D的坐标,然后利用待定系数法求函数解析式求出反比例函数解析式,再把点E的坐标代入进行计算即可求出n的值;(3)先利用反比例函数解析式求出点F的坐标,从而得到CF的长度,连接FG,根据折叠的性质可得FG=OG,然后用OG表示出CG的长度,再利用勾股定理列式计算即可求出OG的长度.【解答】解:(1)∵点E(4,n)在边AB上,∴OA=4,在Rt△AOB中,∵tan∠BOA=,∴AB=OA×tan∠BOA=4×=2;(2)根据(1),可得点B的坐标为(4,2),∵点D为OB的中点,∴点D(2,1)∴=1,解得k=2,∴反比例函数解析式为y=,又∵点E(4,n)在反比例函数图象上,∴=n,解得n=;(3)如图,设点F(a,2),∵反比例函数的图象与矩形的边BC交于点F,∴=2,解得a=1,∴CF=1,连接FG,设OG=t,则OG=FG=t,CG=2﹣t,在Rt△CGF中,GF2=CF2+CG2,即t2=(2﹣t)2+12,解得t=,∴OG=t=.【点评】本题综合考查了反比例函数的知识,包括待定系数法求函数解析式,点在函数图象上,锐角三角函数的定义,以及折叠的性质,求出点D的坐标,然后求出反比例函数解析式是解题的关键.28.如图,在平面直角坐标系中,O为原点,平行四边形ABCD的边BC在x轴上,D点在y 轴上,C点坐标为(2,0),BC=6,∠BCD=60°,点E是AB上一点,AE=3EB,⊙P过D,O,C三点,抛物线y=ax2+bx+c过点D,B,C三点.(1)请直接写出点B、D的坐标:B(﹣4,0 ),D(0,2);(2)求抛物线的解析式;(3)求证:ED是⊙P的切线;(4)若点M为抛物线的顶点,请直接写出平面上点N的坐标,使得以点B,D,M,N为顶点的四边形为平行四边形.【考点】二次函数综合题.【分析】(1)先确定B(﹣4,0),再在Rt△OCD中利用∠OCD的正切求出OD=2,可得D(0,2);。
2016年徐州市中考物理试卷全真模拟
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2016年徐州市中考物理试卷全真模拟学校:__________ 姓名:__________ 班级:__________ 考号:__________一、单选题1.随着我市经济的快速发展,居民生活水平显著提高,轿车逐渐走进千家万户。
关于轿车所应用的物理知识,下列说法错误的是............................................................................. ()A.观后镜能扩大视野,有利于避免交通事故的发生B.安全带做得较宽,是为了增大压强,保证安全C.车上配备安全气囊,是为了防止发生撞击时由于惯性对人体造成伤害D.汽车每过一段时间就需要保养,给有关部件加润滑油,是为了减小部件间的摩擦2.下列各组能源中,均为不可再生能源的是............................................................... ()A.煤、石油、天然气B.太阳能、地热能、风能C.电能、地热能、风能D.核能、水能、生物质能3.在进行如图所示的实验或有关装置工作时,由机械能转化为内能的是()4.将未装满水且密闭的矿泉水瓶,先正立放置在水平桌面上,再倒水放置,如图所示。
两次放置时,水对瓶底和瓶盖的压强分别为p A和p B, 水对瓶底和瓶盖的压力分别为F A和F B,则 ............................................................................................................................................ ()A.p A>p B F A>F B B.p A<p B F A=F BC.p A=p B F A<F B D.p A<p B F A>F B5.下列给出的现象中,属于匀速直线运动是: ()A.钟表来回摆动; B.汽车匀速转弯;C.月亮绕地球运动; D.列车在平直轨道上匀速行驶 .6.在生产和生活中,人们常以密度作为所选材料的主要考虑因素,如:用密度较小的铝合金作为飞机外壳的主要材料等。
2016年江苏省徐州市中考英语一模试卷
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2016年江苏省徐州市中考英语一模试卷一、选择填空(本大题共15小题,每小题1分,共15分)1.(1分)﹣Lily is coming by________plane tomorrow.﹣Let's go to________airport to meet her.()A.不填;the B.不填;a C.the;theD.a;a2.(1分)﹣How do you find your new classmates?﹣Most of them are kind,but ________is so good to me as Bruce.()A.none B.nothing C.everyone D.anyone3.(1分)It is really terrible________me to wait for a long time________a rainy night.()A.of;on B.of;at C.for;on D.for;at4.(1分)Tu Youyou has won the Nobel Prize.We all take________in her.()A.proud B.pride C.praise D.care5.(1分)"One Belt,One Road"(一带一路)will serve to ______ markets for China as well as othercountries along.()A.put up B.open up C.take up D.look up6.(1分)﹣Is that man in a red T﹣shirt Mr Smith?﹣It________be Mr.Smith.He is on the way to London now.()A.must B.mustn't C.can D.can't7.(1分)Tom didn't work hard at his lessons.________,he failed in his exams.()A.By the way B.Such as C.For example D.As a result8.(1分)This morning my mother asked me_____ ()A.why he is not hereB.where Julia went last weekendC.what time is itD.how did my brother do it9.(1分)When Jim'S mother came in,he________his homework.()A.is doing B.has done C.was doing D.had done10.(1分)﹣Don't forget to come to our school assembly(集会).﹣I won't.I________just now.()A.told B.was told C.spoke D.was spoken11.(1分)It's a little cold,especially at night,________it's in May now.()A.and B.so C.though D.or12.(1分)Rather than________to school on a bus,I preferred________a bike.()A.to go;to ride B.go;ridingC.going:to ride D.go;to ride13.(1分)The manager asked me________I was interested in working tor her.()A.whether B.what C.who D.that14.(1分)﹣What do you think of the lecture of Li Yang s Crazy English?﹣I think it's_________,but someone thinks it's much too _______.()A.wonderful enough;bored B.enough wonderful;boringC.wonderful enough;boring D.enough wonderful;bored15.(1分)﹣our school fooball team won the final match this morning.﹣________!It'S great news.()A.My pleasure B.Good idea C.How exciting D.Good luck二、完形填空(共1小题,每小题15分,满分15分)根据短文内容,从各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项16.(15分)John wanted a bike.He asked his parents for the (16)and they said he must earn(挣)it.But (17)?He thought about this as he walked home.(18)many people wanted to ask boys to work for them.Maybe he could clear away (19)for the neighbors.But this was summer.He'd have to wait a long time for that.He could't cut grass for this garden (20)he had no (21)to do the work with.Then he (22)one of his classmates.Dick,sending newspampers."I could (23)that,"he thought"Maybe I could even get the bike right away.I could payfor (24) a little each week."He ran to catch up with Dick.John asked a lot of (25)about having a paper route.He learned that it was (26)to earn twenty﹣five dollars each week.He learned that the job (27)about three hours each night.Dick gave him the phone number of this newspaper manager.John almost flew home.After he explained his (28),his mother smiled"I think it's a great (29),"she said."I'll (30)the newspaper." "Wait,Mom,"John said."I'll call.After all(毕竟),I'm going to be a businessman now."(16)A.money B.chance C.thing D.bike(17)A.when B.where C.why D.how(18)A.Few B.A few C.Not D.No(19)A.snow B.grass C.windows D.newspapers (20)A.so B.because C.but D.or(21)A.time B.tool C.way D.friends(22)A.saw B.heard C.learned D.discovered(23)A.do B.make C.send D.seize(24)A.one B.it C.him D.them(25)A.news B.questions C.informtion D.problems(26)A.possible B.impossible C.difficult D.necessary(27)A.paid B.wasted C.spent D.took(28)A.dictionary B.suggestions C.act D.plan(29)A.mistake B.fun C.idea D.dream(30)A.buy B.sell C.call D.ask.三、阅读理解(共3小题,每小题6分,共24分)阅读下面三篇短文,从各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项.31.(6分)(31)What can you know from Sign (1)?A.We can't smoke or go boating here.B.We can't skate or smoke here.C.We can't wash clothes here.D.We can do the shopping here(32)From Sign (2)we know we can here.A.play computer gamesB.stay overnight hereC.have something to eatD.have a good sleep(33)Sign (3)means you can here.A.have breakfast at 8:00on SaturdayB.have dinner at l0:00P.M.on MondayC.have dinner every dayD.have something at 10:30P.M.on Tuesday.34.(8分)People have talked about whether aliens are real or not for thousands of years.Some ancient drawings over 50,000years ago are thought to be the firstpictures of spacecrafts.Alien spacecrafts are often called flying saucers(飞碟).The first person to use this name was an Amerlean,Kenneth Arnold.On 24th June,1947,he was flying a small plane in Washington State in the USA when he saw something strange."I was looking out of the window,"Arnold said,"when I saw nine saucer ﹣like things in front of me."Two other Americans,Charles Hickson and Calvin Parker,said that aliens took them into a flying saucer!They were fishing on the Mississippi River in the USA on the night of 11th October,l973.It was a dark night.The two men were sitting in their fishing boat when they saw a bright light.It was hanging in the air over the water and it looked like a flying saucer and brought Hickson and Parker into their spacecraft.In the spacecraft the aliens looked at the two men very carefully and then took them back to their boat."The aliens were in a pale colour and had very small eyes."Hiekson said."But they didn't hurt us."In l983,Pioneer 10,an American spacecraft,went into space.On the outside of the spacecraft are 13pictures of men and women,and a map of space.If aliens find Pioneer 10,they will know how to get to the Earth!(34)When did Kenneth Arnold see something strange as he was flying?A.11th June,1947B.24th June,1947C.11th October,1973D.11th October,1983(35)Which of the following is TRUE about Charles and Calvin?A.They were taken into a flying saucer.B.They went to the river to wait for an alien.C.They drew pictures of a flying saucer.D.They drew pictures on a flying saucer.(36)What is special about Pioneer 10?A.It sends people to other planets.B.It brings aliens to Earth.C.It has a map of space on it.D.It has found many flying saucers.(37)The first person to use the name"flying saucers"was.A.traveling in a spacecraftB.going to AmericaC.looking out of his house windowD.an American.38.(10分)Nowadays,many people like to travel abroad to enjoy their holidays.We are going to introduce one of the most beautiful and hottest spots(景点)in the south of the earth﹣New Zealand!So if you want a new kind of travel,please come to 100% of pure New Zealand?(38)Which is the biggest city in New Zealand?A.Maori.B.Auckland.C.Rotorua.D.Sky Tower.(39)When you go to New Zealand in summer,you should wear.A.T﹣shirtsB.thick coatsC.sweatersD.cotton shoes(40)If you want to know the culture of the local people.you should visit.A.Hells Gate Geothermal ParkB.Sky TowerC.Mitai Maori VillageD.Rotorua(41)Which picture do you think is kiwi?(42)what can you buy in New Zealand?A.Kiwi bird and boney.B.Kiwi bird and woolen sweater.C.Woolen sweater and milk.D.Nothing.四、词汇(共1小题,每小题5分,满分5分)从下面方框中选择适当的单词或短语填空,其中有一个选项是多余的.43.(5分)further,completely,government,highly,look after,look up (43)The Chinese has published the Two﹣child Policy(政策),because the population of working people is getting smaller and smaller.(44)"Whatever happens,I'll my father well,"the most Beautiful Filial(最美少年)Liang Weiyue said.(45)The naughty boy didn't listen carefully in class,so his answer was wrong.(46)The astronauts collected many rock samples to take back for study.(47)Tim Cook,Apple's CEO,thinks of the new product﹣the Apple Watch.四、根据句子意思,用括号中所给单词的正确形式填空.48.(1分)﹣Will you take part in the English speech competition tomorrow?﹣Sure.We see it as a chance to prove(we).49.(1分)English now is the most(wide)used language in the world.50.(1分)It is reported that a(Germany)airline crashed and caused the heavy loss.51.(1分)The poor will be offered some(much)food and clothes.52.(1分)Health officials in South Korea reported that another person died because of an(know)virus.四、用所给动词的正确形式完成短文.53.(6分)Have you ever heard of Dididache?Dididache(嘀嘀打车),a taxi﹣hailing smart phone app(应用程序)which (53)(believe)to be created by Teneent,has recently appeared in Xiamen,and more than 700taxi drivers in the city (54)(use)the app.The app shows the real﹣time locations of taxis on map using the GPS technology(技术)and (55)(make)it possible for users to hail(招呼)a taxi on their smart phones.The users'request will he sent to the nearest taxi drivers wh0 (56)(decide)whether to accept the order or notTaxi﹣hailing apps are very popular in Beijing,Shanghai,Hangzhou and Nanjing,having thousands of users.However,Xiamen's taxi﹣control departments doubt its helpfulness and have said it may not be suitable for the city.The app has been criticized(指责)for (57)(disturb)market order,and creating difficulty for passengers who do not use the app (58)(hire)a cab(出租汽车).Many users say that they are only useful when most taxis are idle (空驶),and hiring a taxi can still be challenging during bad weather and rush hours.Can this app be in use for long?Technology might make a great difference to our life.Let's wait ang see.五、任务型阅读(共2小题,满分20分)59.(10分)As more students begin to use computers for a long time,more of them are feeling eyestrain(视疲劳).Just a few hours in front of a computer screen can make a person's eyes feel tired and painful.A number of doctors have studied this growing problem and have found ways to deal with it.Following their advice will help keef computer users more comfortable.Here is some advice.The light in a room shouldn't be brighter than the computer screen itself.In many classrooms,however,the lights are far brighter than they should be.Students can prevent some of this light by wearing baseball caps if they are allowed at school.A special computer screen should be used to cut down on bright light because it is especially tiring to the eyes Another problem to avoid is the wrong kind of contrast (对比).It is best to have dark letters on a light hackground.This causes less eyestrain than light letters on a dark background.Students should he seated so that they are looking down at the computer screen rather than straight a head,which is a far more tiring angle(角度).The top of the screen should be a little lower than the top of the head.The length(长度)of time students spend in front of a computer screen leads greatly to eyestrain.Students should rest a while by looking away from the screen every fifteen to twenty minutes.During that time they should either close their eyes or look at something at a distance.Long﹣term computer use can dry out the eyes,so students shouht remember to blink(眨眼)often while in front of the screen.69.(10分)We cannot remember clearly since when we have started to take our mobiles to a dinner table.This happens a lot,especially when we eat out.Once a dish comes,instead of lifting our chopsticks,we takeout our mobiles and click(咔哒).Later,we post the photos onto microblog(微博)or WeChat(微信),"waiting to be liked".Then we check our mobiles from time to time during the meal to see whether we get"liked"or not.We just cannot leave our mobiles for only a meal.Does that sound fimliliar(熟悉的)to you?Do you do that often?If not,how do you feel when others do that when having dinner with you?A recent study shows what we are used to doing is not so good.Spending time taking photos of food makes the food less satisfying To test this,some researchers did an experiment.(Some people,before,were,take,asked,could,to,photos,enjoy food,they).It proved that the more photos they took,the less delicious the food seemed to them.So,why not stop taking photos and just enjoy the food in front of you?Besides the scientific result,there are also some other bad influences of taking photos of food before meals.After posting the photos onto the Internet,one will involuntarily(不自觉地)check his mobile many times."Does everyone like myphotos?I hope a lot of people like them!"It seems like your mobile secretly calls your name all the time,even when you are with real people.So,next time you go out to have dinner with your family or friends,how ahout not taking photos of food?Let the food be delicious as it is and share your life with people around you.Trust me.It will be a wonderful time.(69)What happens a lot at the dinner table nowadays?(70)What does the recent study tell us ahout taking photos of food?(71)What does the fourth paragraph mainly(主要地)talk ahout?(72 Does the writer think taking photos of food may he accepted?(73)请把文中括号里的词组成一个正确的句子..六、书面表达(满分20分)74.(20分)为迎接中考,你常常复习功课到深夜.请根据下列图画用英语写一篇90词左右的日记.注意:1 开头已经给出,不计入总词数;2.文中不得出现真实姓名.I often stay up late to go over my lessons.Last night.2016年江苏省徐州市中考英语一模试卷参考答案一、选择填空(本大题共15小题,每小题1分,共15分)1.A;2.A;3.C;4.B;5.B;6.D;7.D;8.B;9.C;10.B;11.C;12.D;13.A;14.C;15.C;二、完形填空(共1小题,每小题15分,满分15分)根据短文内容,从各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项16.A;D;C;A;B;B;A;A;B;B;A;D;D;C;C;三、阅读理解(共3小题,每小题6分,共24分)阅读下面三篇短文,从各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项.31.A;C;C;34.B;A;C;D;38.B;A;C;D;C;四、词汇(共1小题,每小题5分,满分5分)从下面方框中选择适当的单词或短语填空,其中有一个选项是多余的.43.goverment;look after;completely;further;highly;四、根据句子意思,用括号中所给单词的正确形式填空.48.ourselves;49.widely;50.German;51.more;52.unknow;四、用所给动词的正确形式完成短文.53.is believed;have used;makes;will decide;disturbing;to hire;五、任务型阅读(共2小题,满分20分)59.;69.People take photos of dishes and post them before eating.;It makes food less delicious.;Other bad inffluences of taking photos before meals.;No;Some people were asked to take photos before they could enjoy food.;六、书面表达(满分20分)74.;考点卡片1.单词填空v.2.名词的词义辨析3.定冠词(the)4.不定代词5.介词短语6.常用介词的辨析7.形容词词义辨析8.连词辨析V.9.情态动词10.动词的固定搭配11.动词短语12.过去进行时13.一般过去时的被动语态14.宾语从句15.常用日常交际用语v.16.记叙文v.17.科普知识类阅读v.18.广告布告类阅读v.19.日常生活类阅读v.20.综合型v.21.阅读填空v.22.语法填空v.23.选词完成句子v.24.图画作文v.。
2016年江苏省徐州市中考英语一模试卷【详解版】
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2016年江苏省徐州市中考英语一模试卷一、选择填空(每小题1分,共15分)1.(1分)He said that he ________ me as soon as he _______ there.()A.will ring;gets B.would ring;gotC.would ring,get D.would ring;gets2.(1分)In the past,the man was guilty ________ theft.Now he is charged _______ robbing a shop.()A.with,with B.of,of C.with,of D.of,with3.(1分)The teacher asked us to write about the film we _________ two weeks before.()A.had seen B.saw C.have seen D.see4.(1分)I knew light _________ faster than sound when I was very young.()A.travelled B.travel C.travels D.travelling5.(1分)Could I keep the book for two more days?Yes,you _______.()A.could B.can C.need D.must6.(1分)Can you tell me ___________________?()A.what will life be like B.what life will be likeC.what will life like D.what life will like7.(1分)The number of the students in our class _______ 40.Two thirds of them _________ boys.()A.are,are B.is,is C.is,are D.are,is8.(1分)Must I finish writing the article today?No,you ________.You will be given another day.()A.mustn't B.shouldn'tC.couldn't D.don't have to9.(1分)Your hair is so long that you should have it ________.()A.cuts B.cut C.cutting D.to cut10.(1分)The population of China is _______ than _______ of any other country inthe world.()A.more;that B.larger;that C.more;those D.larger;it11.(1分)________ it was raining hard,________ the climbers continued to climb the high mountain.()A.Although;but B.Although;/C./;so D.Because;so12.(1分)Hi,Peter!Hi,Tom.I _______ know you ______ here.How long have you been here?()A.don't;are B.did't;are C.didn't;were D.don't;were13.(1分)Have you seen the book _________ I bought yesterday?()A.that B.whichC./ D.all the above14.(1分)I don't know if he _______ tomorrow.If he _______,I'll tell you as soon as possible.()A.will come;comes B.comes;will comeC.comes;comes D.will come;will come15.(1分)Don'make the same mistake again!_____________()A.Yes,I don't B.No,I can'tC.Sorry,I won't D.Sorry,I don't二、完型填空(每小题15分,共15分))16.(15分)"Hi!John."Mary ran towards me with a bright smile,saying,"I'm going to have a dance performance tonight.I hope you'll come.Here is the ticket.Don't forget!"Then she (16)in a hurry."What?Dance?Is that (17)"I asked myself.Mary was not such kind of girl.She was a quite(18)one.I had never seen her wearing colorful clothes.In fact,she really did not know (19)to dress up.What a terrible thing!"I should go to.I must go to."I thought.I arrived at the hall with the ticket,found my (20)and sat down.Her performance was the seventh one.I knew I would have a (21)time beforeher turn,for I had now sense of art,(22)her performance was worth watching,no matter how long I would wait.Time went(23),I tried my best not to fall asleep.Just then,came the(24),"Let's welcome the next exciting dance﹣Latin!" Hearing this,I opened my eyes as large as possible,(25)to lose anything.Wearing a golden and shining skirt,Mary appeared.She (26)with a sweet smile,looking like a pretty butterfly flying…I could (27)believe my eyes.After all the performance ended,I (28)her at the gate."Hi!"she stood in front of me with her crystal(水晶)shoes,"How do you feel?" "Fantastic!"I answered."Ha,ha.I knew(29)would be."She could not hide her excitement,laughing (30) a child.At that time,I realized that every girl has a pair of special shoes which are like the crystal shoes of Cinderella.16.A.came B.jumped C.left D.moved 17.A.possible B.lucky C.funny D.careful18.A.modern B.common C.perfect D.careful19.A.why B.where C.when D.how20.A.seat B.room C.gate D.way21.A.great B.short C.hard D.relaxing22.A.or B.so C.but D.and23.A.quickly B.slowly C.safely D.easily24.A.words B.sentences C.sounds D.cries25.A.hoping B.fearing C.planning D.hating26.A.walked B.skated C.danced D.stood 27.A.seriously B.hardly C.nearly D.certainly 28.A.waited for B.looked for C.paid for D.cared for29.A.I B.you C.she D.it30.A.as B.like C.for D.at三、阅读理解(每小题2.5分,共25分)阅读下面三篇短文,按要求回答问题31.(5分)31.If Mr Li goes to Stanley Park with his 6﹣year﹣old son,how much should he pay for the ticket?A.18.60B.11.20C.29.80D.7.4032.There is a with the lowest price in Water Slides.A.gift shopB.heated slideC.mini﹣golfD.picnic area.33.(8分)A little boy invited his mother to attend (参加)his elementary school's first teacher﹣parent meeting.To the little boy's dismay (沮丧),his mother said she would go.This would be the first time that his classmates and teachers met his mother and he was embarrassed (尴尬)by her appearance.There was a severe (严重的)scar (伤疤)that covered nearly the whole right side of her face.The boy never wanted to talk about why or how she got the scar.At the meeting,the people were impressed (留下深刻的印象)by the kindness of his mother with the scar,but the little boy was still embarrassed and hid himself from everyone.However,he could hear clearly the conversation between his mother and the teacher."How did you get the scar on your face?"the teacher asked.The mother replied,"When my son was a baby,he was in a room that caught on fire.Everyone was too afraid to go in because the fire was out of control,but I went in.as I was running towards his bed,I saw a burning wood falling down and I placed myself over him trying to protect him.I was knocked to be unconscious (无知觉的),but luckily,a fireman came in and saved both of us."She touched the burned side of her face."This scar will be forever,but until today,I have never regretted doing what I did." When the little boy heard this,he couldn't help running towards his mother with tears in his eyes.He hugged her and felt his mother was greater than anyone else.He held her hand tightly for the rest of the day.33.The boy's mother was actually (实际上).A.uglyB.kindC.beautifulD.ugly but kind34.According to the passage,the little boy.A.didn't ask his mother to attend the meeting.B.didn't want his mother to attend the meeting at first.C.wanted his mother to attend the meeting at first.D.wasn't moved by what his mother said35.After reading the passage,we know.A.the people at the meeting didn't like the boy's motherB.the boy's mother was brave but foolishC.the boy hated what his mother had done.D.we should respect(尊重)our parents whatever they are like.36.(12分)There was once a man who couldn't sleep well because he was afraid that there was a stranger under his bed.He thought that as soon as he went to sleep,the stranger would come out from the bed and rob him.He was worried that the stranger might even kill him!Every night,after he got into bed,the man had to get up again and looked under the bed.There was never anyone there,but as soon as he got back into bed,he had to get up and looked under the bed again.This went on for hours until at last he fellasleep from exhaustion.The time came for the man to get married.He didn't tell his wife about his fears but she soon found out because he kept her awake all night."You must go to see the doctor,"she told him."He will make you become well.You won't have such silly fear again."The man did as his wife told him.He told the doctor his problem,and the doctor said,"you can be well again,but it will take you about two years.You must come and see me three times a week.The cost for each visit will be 75."The next day the man called the doctor and said,"I wont'need to visit you again.I'm well now."The doctor was amazed."How?"he asked."Who made you get well?""My wife did,"the man said."When I told her how much I would have to pay you,she cut the legs off the bed."36.What did the man think was under the bed at night?A.A god.B.A person.C.His wife.D.A doctor37.When did the man start having his sleeping problem?A.After he got married.B.After he saw the doctor.C.Before he married his wife.D.After his wife cut the legs off the bed.38.What does the word"exhaustion"mean in this story?A.Bad air.B.Medicine.C.Feeling completely tired.D.excitement39.How much would the man pay the doctor every week?A.75.B.150.C.200D.225.40.What made the man get well again?A.Talking to the strangerB.Having no space under the bed.C.Medicine from the doctor.D.Changing a bed.四、词汇(每小题1分,共15分)A)根据句子意思及汉语提示,写出所缺单词.41.(1分)His sudden(死亡)made his family very sad.42.(1分)The air was so cold that we could hardly(呼吸).43.(1分)Close your eyes and(想象)you are in the forest.44.(1分)The boy's dream is to be an electrical(工程师)when he grows up.45.(1分)Spacemen usually eat(干的)food in space.四、B)根据短文内容,用方框中所给单词的适当形式填空.46.(10分)easy,Asia,large,carry,look,weigh,drink,foot,kind,cool The elephant is the(46)animal to walk on Earth.An elephant can carry a heavy thing of more than 500kilograms.They eat about 140kilogram of food a day.A baby elephant(47)about 90kilogram at birth.Most elephants can live up to 70years.Many woodcutters train them(48)wood with their trunks.Elephants also use their trunks for(49)water,bathing,eating and‘talking'with each other.They use their ears(50)themselves.Their (51)are large,round and each has only one tiptoe.There are two(52)of elephant:African elephants and Indian elephants.You can(53)tell what kinds of elephants they are by(54)at their ear.African elephants usually have large ears while Indian elephants usually have small ears.Another name for Indian elephant is(55)elephants.五、阅读填词(每小题10分,共10分)(每空一词)56.(10分)Some people believe that your nationality can influence yourpersonality.This is why you might hear someone saying"She is a typical(典型的)Australian"or"He is so French".It seems that people from a certain country share certain similar characteristics.FrenchFrench people are often seen as romantic and outgoing people with a great love for life,food and wine.They are good at singing and dancing.ChineseChinese are friendly people who are hard﹣working.They are polite because they are careful about"saving face"when dealing with other people.AustraliansAustralians are merry people who spend a lot of time outdoors.They enjoy a slower life.They laugh a lot but sometimes people think they are loud and rude.GermansGermans are often described as being serious and careful.They are hard workers and pay a lot of attention to details.However,sometimes people say Germans have no sense of humour.All these national types can be true for some people,but very wrong for others.For example,you might meet a German who is a confident singer with a great sense of humour,or an Australian who is shy and quiet.!六、任务型阅读(每小题10分,共10分)阅读下面短文,按要求完成相关任务.66.(10分)Since 1850,the temperature of Earth's surface has increased about 0.6℃.Scientists predict(预测)it may warm much more by the end of this century.Who's turning up the heat?Well,it seems that we are!Some of this global warming may be natural.However,nearly all scientists now agree that most of it is due to people's actions.Over the past 150years,we've give out large amounts of gases,especially carbon dioxide (CO2)to the air.These gases can keep heat near Earth's surface,so more carbon dioxide means more heat is kept near Earth's surface.Global warming may change the weather in ways that lead to more severe(严重的)storms,floods and droughts.We add carbon dioxide to the air when we burn things,especially fossil fuels(矿物燃料).Fossil fuels are energy sources formed from the remains of plants and animals that lived millions of years ago.Coal,oil,and natural gas are all fossil fuels.People in the United States and other countries started burning large amounts of fossil fuels more than a century ago.The amount of fossil fuels being burned each year has been increasing worldwide.The more we burn,.What can we do to help?Nowadays to live a low﹣carbon life is quite popular in the world.Low﹣carbon means to reduce the amount of carbon dioxide.Saving energy and reusing are the key words.In fact,even the simplest everyday activities can make our lives low﹣carbon.66.What problem can global warming cause?(根据课文内容回答问题)67.What are fossil fuels?(同上)68.请将第一段中的划线句子翻译成汉语.69.请根据第二段内容,将最后一个句子补充完整.70.请写出日常生活中的一种"低碳"行为(用英语写一个句子)..七、书面表达(共20分)71.(20分)请根据提示用英语写一篇80﹣100词左右的短文.2013年4月,四川雅安发生了地震,家园、学校受到了损坏.一名灾区的学生(Zhuoma)下周将来你们班.她将在你们班学习一年.请根据表格提示,用英语写一篇短文,谈谈你将如何帮助她,并适当写出自己的想法.注意:1 字数要控制在80﹣100词左右.2 不要出现你的姓名和学校信息.3 开头已给出,不计入总词数.Zhuoma will come to our class next week.She'from2016年江苏省徐州市中考英语一模试卷参考答案与试题解析一、选择填空(每小题1分,共15分)1.(1分)He said that he ________ me as soon as he _______ there.()A.will ring;gets B.would ring;gotC.would ring,get D.would ring;gets【解答】答案:B 根据He said that he,可知He said that he 后面是跟一个宾语从句,宾语从句的时态应该和主句保持一致,主句用的是一般过去时态,从句应该用相应的过去时态.根据句意:他说他一到那就给我打电话.可知到那应该用过去将来时,过去将来时的构成:would+动词原形.第二空也应该用一般过去时,got是get的过去式,故选:B.2.(1分)In the past,the man was guilty ________ theft.Now he is charged _______ robbing a shop.()A.with,with B.of,of C.with,of D.of,with【解答】答案:D联系前后语境,并根据句子中的具体信息可知,第一空是考查be guilty of,意为"犯有…罪";第二空是考查句型be charged with doing sth,意为"被指控做某事".3.(1分)The teacher asked us to write about the film we _________ two weeks before.()A.had seen B.saw C.have seen D.see【解答】答案:A.结合句意ask和see两个动作,see看电影这个动作发生在ask之前,也就是过去的过去,故用过去完成时had+过去分词,see的过去分词是seen,故答案是A.4.(1分)I knew light _________ faster than sound when I was very young.()A.travelled B.travel C.travels D.travelling【解答】答案:C根据I knew 可知后面light _________ faster than sound 这一部分为宾语从句;结合选项可知宾语从句意为:光的传播比声音快,这是一个客观真理,时态不受主句时态的限制,永远用一般现在时态.从句主语为三单light,所以谓语动词也要用三单形式travels.故选:C5.(1分)Could I keep the book for two more days?Yes,you _______.()A.could B.can C.need D.must【解答】答案:B.could,can的过去式形式;can,能,能够;need需要;must一定,必须.根据Could I keep the book for two more days可知句子表示一种委婉或者婉转的说法,它的肯定回答应该用can来回答.故选B.6.(1分)Can you tell me ___________________?()A.what will life be like B.what life will be likeC.what will life like D.what life will like【解答】答案:B.根据Can you tell me 可知,本题考查宾语从句,宾语从句中一般为陈述语序,选项AC是疑问语序,所以排除掉;like是一个介词,前面不能加直接加will,选项D不符合,排除掉.故选B.7.(1分)The number of the students in our class _______ 40.Two thirds of them _________ boys.()A.are,are B.is,is C.is,are D.are,is【解答】正确答案:C.The number of作主语,表示…的数量,谓语用单数形式,则第一空应填写is.Two thirds of them(2/3的学生)作主语,谓语用复数形式,则第二空填写are,故选择C.注意a number of作主语,表示许多,其谓语用复数形式.8.(1分)Must I finish writing the article today?No,you ________.You will be given another day.()A.mustn't B.shouldn'tC.couldn't D.don't have to【解答】答案:D.根据No和You will be given another day.可知下面为否定回答,must的含义是必须一定,其否定形式mustn't表示禁止的含义.在这里不是禁止的意思.must 的否定回答一般可借助于needn'和don't have to来构成,表不必.故选D.9.(1分)Your hair is so long that you should have it ________.()A.cuts B.cut C.cutting D.to cut【解答】答案:B.根据Your hair is so long that you should have it,可知这里考查了"have+sth (宾语)+过去分词(宾语补足语)"意为"让/叫/使/请别人做某事".宾语sth 后面用过去分词作宾语补足语,说明sth 与过去分词表示的动作之间是被动关系.根据句意,请人理发应是have hair cut.cut的过去式、过去分词与动词原形一致.故选B.10.(1分)The population of China is _______ than _______ of any other country in the world.()A.more;that B.larger;that C.more;those D.larger;it【解答】答案:B 根据句中的than,可知此处需要形容词的比较级.根据句意中国的人口比世界其它任何一个国家的人口都多.large形容词,用来修饰人口多,比较级是larger;第二空需要代词that指代population,为了避免重复,that 经常代指前面的单数可数名词或不可数名词,those代指前面的复数名词.it代指单数的同类同物.故选B.11.(1分)________ it was raining hard,________ the climbers continued to climb the high mountain.()A.Although;but B.Although;/C./;so D.Because;so【解答】答案:B.根据语境以及上下文,本题考查的是连词的用法.根据设空处前后句的句意"雨下得很大"和"登山者们继续登山.",在这里两个句子之间存在一个相反的让步关系,although"虽然;尽管",引导让步状语从句,符合句意.另外注意引导让步状语从句的连词though/although不能与but连用,故选B12.(1分)Hi,Peter!Hi,Tom.I _______ know you ______ here.How long have you been here?()A.don't;are B.did't;are C.didn't;were D.don't;were【解答】答案:C.根据How long have you been here,可知现在你在这里,那么我不知道你在这里应该是过去发生的事情,所以句子用一般过去时,know是一个实意动词,它的否定式需要加助动词did,用didn't表示,主句用了一般过去时,从句也应该用过去时,所以这里应该用were.故选C.13.(1分)Have you seen the book _________ I bought yesterday?()A.that B.whichC./ D.all the above【解答】答案:D;分析句子结构,本句中的"_________ I bought yesterday"在复合句中作定语从句,由于先行词the book 为下文定语从句的逻辑宾语,且指物,所以引导定语从句的关系代词用that或者which,that、which在从句中作宾语时可省略.故选D.14.(1分)I don't know if he _______ tomorrow.If he _______,I'll tell you as soon as possible.()A.will come;comes B.comes;will comeC.comes;comes D.will come;will come【解答】答案:A 第一空if是"是否"的意思,I don't know if 后跟的是宾语从句,tomorrow是表示将来的时间,应该用一般将来时,will come;第二空if引导条件状语从句,主句是一般将来时,从句用一般现在时,此处主语是he,应该用第三人称单数形式comes,故选A.15.(1分)Don'make the same mistake again!_____________()A.Yes,I don't B.No,I can'tC.Sorry,I won't D.Sorry,I don't【解答】答案:C.根据Don't make the same mistake again!可知这里动词位于句首表示一种请求或命令,可知句子是一个否定式的祈使句,其构成是:Don't+动词原形+其他;祈使句表示的时间应该是将来的时间,所以这里应该用will的否定式来表示,故选C.二、完型填空(每小题15分,共15分))16.(15分)"Hi!John."Mary ran towards me with a bright smile,saying,"I'm going to have a dance performance tonight.I hope you'll come.Here is the ticket.Don't forget!"Then she (16)C in a hurry."What?Dance?Is that (17)A"I asked myself.Mary was not such kind of girl.She was a quite(18)B one.I had never seen her wearing colorful clothes.In fact,she really did not know (19)D to dress up.What a terrible thing!"I should go to.I must go to."I thought.I arrived at the hall with the ticket,found my (20)A and sat down.Her performance was the seventh one.I knew I would have a (21)C time before her turn,for I had now sense of art,(22)C her performance was worth watching,no matter how long I would wait.Time went(23)B,I tried my best not to fall asleep.Just then,came the(24)A,"Let's welcome the next exciting dance﹣Latin!" Hearing this,I opened my eyes as large as possible,(25)B to lose anything.Wearing a golden and shining skirt,Mary appeared.She (26)C with a sweet smile,looking like a pretty butterfly flying…I could (27)B believe my eyes.After all the performance ended,I (28)A her at the gate."Hi!"she stood in front of me with her crystal(水晶)shoes,"How do you feel?" "Fantastic!"I answered."Ha,ha.I knew(29)D would be."She could not hide her excitement,laughing (30)B a child.At that time,I realized that every girl has a pair of special shoes which are like the crystal shoes of Cinderella.16.A.came B.jumped C.left D.moved 17.A.possible B.lucky C.funny D.careful18.A.modern B.common C.perfect D.careful19.A.why B.where C.when D.how20.A.seat B.room C.gate D.way21.A.great B.short C.hard D.relaxing22.A.or B.so C.but D.and23.A.quickly B.slowly C.safely D.easily24.A.words B.sentences C.sounds D.cries25.A.hoping B.fearing C.planning D.hating26.A.walked B.skated C.danced D.stood27.A.seriously B.hardly C.nearly D.certainly28.A.waited for B.looked for C.paid for D.cared for29.A.I B.you C.she D.it30.A.as B.like C.for D.at【解答】16.C.考查动词.根据前文:Mary ran towards me with a bright smile 可知Mary朝我跑过来,所以此处:Then she (16)in a hurry.应该是她匆匆离开了,故选C.17.A.考查形容词.根据下文:Mary was not such kind of girl.可知我认为Mary 不是这样的女孩,所以作者怀疑这件事情的可能性,故选A.18.B.考查形容词.根据下文:I had never seen her wearing colorful clothes.可知我从来没有见过她穿色彩艳丽的衣服.说明了她的普通.故选B.19.D.考查连词.根据前文:She was a quite(18)one.I had never seen her wearing colorful clothes.可知她是一个很普通的人,作者从来没有见过她穿色彩艳丽的衣服.所以此处:In fact,she really did not know (19)to dress up.应该是她不知道如何打扮自己.故选D.20.A.考查名词.根据下文:Her performance was the seventh one.可知作者已经去看她的表演了.所以此处:I arrived at the hall with the ticket,found my (20)and sat down.看表演应该先找到自己的座位.故选A.21.C.考查形容词.根据下文:for I had no sense of art,可知我没有艺术感,从而得知等待的难熬,所以此处:I knew I would have a (21)time before her turn,应该是作者度过了一段艰难的时光.故选C.22.C.考查连词.根据句子:I knew I would have a (21)time before her turn,for I had now sense of art,(22)her performance was worth watching,no matter howlong I would wait.可知虽然等待难熬,但是等待Mary的表演还是值得的.这里表示转折,故选C.23.B.考查形容词.根据下文:I tried my best not to fall asleep.可知作者尽量不睡着,说明时间过得很慢.故选B.24.A.考查名词.根据句子:Just then,came the(24),"Let's welcome the next exciting dance﹣Latin!"此处是一个倒装句,意思是:有人宣布…后面是宣布的内容用words,故选A.25.B.考查动词.根据前文:I opened my eyes as large as possible可知作者尽可能的睁大眼睛,所以此处:(25)to lose anything.是因为害怕错过任何一个动作.fear to do sth 表示害怕做某事,用现在分词表示半岁.故选B.26.C.考查动词.根据第六段:Let's welcome the next exciting dance﹣Latin!"可知说明她是在跳舞.所以此处:She (26)with a sweet smile应该是她带着甜甜的笑容在跳舞.故选C.27.B.考查副词.根据前文:Wearing a golden and shining skirt,Mary appeared.She (26)with a sweet smile,looking like a pretty bu tterfly flying…可知Mary穿着金色闪亮的裙子,带着甜甜的笑容在跳舞,像一个蝴蝶在翩翩起舞一样.跟之前普通的她一点都不像.所以此处:I could (27)believe my eyes.应该是他简直不能相信自己的眼睛.表示几乎不相信.故选B.28.A.考查短语.根据句子:After all the performance ended,I (28)her at the gate.可知在表演结束后,作者在大门口等她.结合语境应该是等待.故选A.29.D.考查代词.根据前文:"Fantastic!"I answered.可知这是作者对她表演的感受,所以此处:I knew(29)would be."用it 指代我的感受,故选D.30.B.考查介词.根据句子:She could not hide her excitement,laughing (30)a child.可知是说她笑得像孩子一样.结合语境故选B.三、阅读理解(每小题2.5分,共25分)阅读下面三篇短文,按要求回答问题31.(5分)31.If Mr Li goes to Stanley Park with his 6﹣year﹣old son,how much should he pay for the ticket?CA.18.60B.11.20C.29.80D.7.4032.There is a D with the lowest price in Water Slides.A.gift shopB.heated slideC.mini﹣golfD.picnic area.【解答】31.C 细节理解题.根据题干李先生带6岁的孩子想去Stanley Park,应该看第一个广告,价格是成人18.6,十岁以下的孩子11.2,故选C,应该付29.8元.32.D 细节理解题.根据第二个广告中•Large picnic area (lowest prices)可知在Water Slides旅行中有价格最低的野餐区,故选D.选项A没有提到,选项B,C虽然提到了,但不是价格最低的.33.(8分)A little boy invited his mother to attend (参加)his elementary school's first teacher﹣parent meeting.To the little boy's dismay (沮丧),his mother said she would go.This would be the first time that his classmates and teachers met his mother and he was embarrassed (尴尬)by her appearance.There was a severe (严重的)scar (伤疤)that covered nearly the whole right side of her face.The boy never wanted to talk about why or how she got the scar.At the meeting,the people were impressed (留下深刻的印象)by the kindness of his mother with the scar,but the little boy was still embarrassed and hid himself from everyone.However,he could hear clearly the conversation between his mother and the teacher."How did you get the scar on your face?"the teacher asked.The mother replied,"When my son was a baby,he was in a room that caught on fire.Everyone was too afraid to go in because the fire was out of control,but I went in.as I was running towards his bed,I saw a burning wood falling down and I placed myself over him trying to protect him.I was knocked to be unconscious (无知觉的),but luckily,a fireman came in and saved both of us."She touched the burned side of her face."This scar will be forever,but until today,I have never regretted doing what I did." When the little boy heard this,he couldn't help running towards his mother with tears in his eyes.He hugged her and felt his mother was greater than anyone else.He held her hand tightly for the rest of the day.33.The boy's mother was actually (实际上)D.A.uglyB.kindC.beautifulD.ugly but kind34.According to the passage,the little boy B.A.didn't ask his mother to attend the meeting.B.didn't want his mother to attend the meeting at first.C.wanted his mother to attend the meeting at first.D.wasn't moved by what his mother said35.After reading the passage,we know D.A.the people at the meeting didn't like the boy's motherB.the boy's mother was brave but foolishC.the boy hated what his mother had done.D.we should respect(尊重)our parents whatever they are like.【解答】33.D.推理判断题.根据第一段There was a severe (严重的)scar (伤疤)that covered nearly the whole right side of her face.可知男孩的妈妈是丑陋的.又根据第二段At the meeting,the people were impressed (留下深刻的印象)by the kindness of his mother with the scar,在家长会上她的善良给人留下深刻印象,及下文中男孩的妈妈向老师讲述她从火灾中救出男孩的事情,可知男孩的妈妈虽然脸上有伤疤,但是非常善良的,故选择D.34.B.推理判断题.根据To the little boy's dismay (沮丧),his mother said she would go.可知小男孩起初是不想让妈妈去参加家长会的,故选择B.35.D.主旨大意题.根据文章大意可知小男孩因为妈妈脸上有伤疤不愿意她去参加家长会,后来从妈妈和老师的谈话中得知她是为了救自己才有伤疤的,所以无论我们的父母长相如何我们都应该尊重他们.故选择D.36.(12分)There was once a man who couldn't sleep well because he was afraid that there was a stranger under his bed.He thought that as soon as he went to sleep,the stranger would come out from the bed and rob him.He was worried that the stranger might even kill him!Every night,after he got into bed,the man had to get up again and looked under the bed.There was never anyone there,but as soon as he got back into bed,he had to get up and looked under the bed again.This went on for hours until at last he fell asleep from exhaustion.The time came for the man to get married.He didn't tell his wife about his fears but she soon found out because he kept her awake all night."You must go to see the doctor,"she told him."He will make you become well.You won't have such silly fear again."The man did as his wife told him.He told the doctor his problem,and the doctor said,"you can be well again,but it will take you about two years.You must come and see me three times a week.The cost for each visit will be 75."The next day the man called the doctor and said,"I wont'need to visit you again.I'm well now."The doctor was amazed."How?"he asked."Who made you get well?""My wife did,"the man said."When I told her how much I would have to pay you,she cut the legs off the bed."36.What did the man think was under the bed at night?BA.A god.B.A person.C.His wife.D.A doctor37.When did the man start having his sleeping problem?CA.After he got married.B.After he saw the doctor.C.Before he married his wife.D.After his wife cut the legs off the bed.38.What does the word"exhaustion"mean in this story?CA.Bad air.B.Medicine.C.Feeling completely tired.D.excitement39.How much would the man pay the doctor every week?DA.75.B.150.C.200D.225.40.What made the man get well again?BA.Talking to the strangerB.Having no space under the bed.C.Medicine from the doctor.D.Changing a bed.【解答】36.B.细节理解题.根据第一段There was once a man who couldn't sleep well because he was afraid that there was a stranger under his bed.可知这个男人觉得他床下总是有一个陌生人,故选择B.37.C.细节理解题.根据第一、二段及The time came for the man to get married.可知这个男人在结婚前就已经有这个问题了,故选择C.38.C.词义猜测题.根据第二段可知这个男人每天晚上连续几个小时反复起床,查看床底下,直到最后他…的睡去,由此推测exhaustion是极度疲劳的意思,故选择C.39.D.数字计算题.根据The doctor said,"you can be well again,but it will take you about two years.You must come and see me three times a week.The cost for each visit will be 75."可知这个男人一周得去三次,每次的费用是75美元,那么一周就是75×3=225美元,故选择D.40.B.推理判判断题.根据这个男人与医生的对话When I told her how much Iwould have to pay you,she cut the legs off the bed.可知这个男人的妻子把床腿都砍掉了,这样床下就没有空间了,自然也就没有所谓的陌生人了,这个男人也就好了,故选择B.四、词汇(每小题1分,共15分)A)根据句子意思及汉语提示,写出所缺单词.41.(1分)His sudden death(死亡)made his family very sad.【解答】答案:death.根据提示汉语结合语境推测句意是"他的突然死亡让他的家人很伤心.",由设空处前面的形容词性物主代词his 判断设空处应填名词,提示词"死亡"是death,所以答案是:death42.(1分)The air was so cold that we could hardly breathe(呼吸).【解答】答案:breathe.根据所给首字母提示结合语境推测句意是"天太冷了,我们几乎不能呼吸.",根据设空处前面的情态动词could判断应填动词原形,表示"呼吸"用breathe,所以答案是:breathe43.(1分)Close your eyes and imagine(想象)you are in the forest.【解答】答案:imagine.根据所给汉语提示结合语境推测句意是"闭上眼睛想象你在森林里.",此处根据设空处所在的句子是一个祈使句判断应该填动词原形,"想象"的英文单词是imagine,所以答案是:imagine44.(1分)The boy's dream is to be an electrical engineer(工程师)when he grows up.【解答】答案:engineer.根据所给汉语提示结合语境推测句意是"那个男孩的梦想是长大了成为一个电子工程师.",此处根据设空处前面的不定冠词an判断应该填可数名词单数形式,"工程师"的英文单词是engineer,所以答案是:engineer45.(1分)Spacemen usually eat dry(干的)food in space.。
2016年徐州市新中考摸底联考物理试卷
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2016年徐州市新中考摸底联考物理试卷学校:__________ 姓名:__________ 班级:__________ 考号:__________一、单选题1.下列说法中不正确的是............................................................................................... ()A.使用新能源不会造成环境污染B.解决能源危机的措施主要有节约能源和开发新能源C.核能属于新能源D.使用煤、石油等能源时会造成温室效应、酸雨等各种环境污染A2.在缉毒行动中,训练有素的缉毒犬可以准确嗅出毒品。
这一事实说明 ............... ()A.分子在永不停息地运动B.分子之间有相互作用力C.分子的体积很小D.分子之间有空隙3.你所答的这张物理试卷放在水平桌面上静止时,下列说法正确的是()A.它对桌面的压力和桌面对它的支持力是平衡力B.它所受到的合力为零C.因为它是静止的,所以没有受到力的作用D.因为它受到摩擦力,所以静止在桌面上4.室内垃圾桶平时桶盖关闭不使垃圾散发异味,使用时用脚踩踏板,桶盖开启。
根据室内垃圾桶的结构示意图可确定................................................................................................. ()A.桶中只有一个杠杆在起作用,且为省力杠杆B.桶中只有一个杠杆在起作用,且为费力杠杆C.桶中有两个杠杆在起作用,用都是省力杠杆D.桶中有两个杠杆在起作用,一个是省力杠杆,一个是费力杠杆5.如图所示实验装置,甲重16N,乙重12N,静止时不计弹簧测力计自重,则弹簧测力计的示数是 ........................................................................................................................................ ()A.16N B.12N C.28N D.4N6.惯性是造成许多交通事故的原因,下列不是为了防止由于惯性而造成交通事故所制定的交通规则是................................................................................................................................. ( ) A .某些路段要对机动车辆限速 B .车辆快速行驶时要保持车距C .车辆要右侧通行D .小型客车的驾驶员必须系安全带7.如图所示,两条直线分别表示通过阻值不同的两个电阻的电流随其两端电压变化的I -U 图像,从图像可知 ( )A .R 1>R 2B .R 1、R 2串联后的总电阻的I -U 图线在区域ⅡC .R 1、R 2并联后的总电阻的I -U 图线在区域ⅢD .R 1、R 2并联后的总电阻的I -U 图线在区域Ⅰ8.三个带电小球A 、B 、C ,其中A 与B 相斥,B 与C 相吸,若C 带正电荷,则( ) A .A 带正电荷,B 带负电荷 B .A 带正电荷,B 带正电荷 C .A 带负电荷,B 带负电荷D .A 带负电荷,B 带正电荷9.将洗好的衣服晾晒起来,一段时间后变干了,从物理学角度看,衣服上的水发生了( ) A .汽化现象 B .凝固现象 C .液化现象D .凝华现象10.放映幻灯时,银幕上得到的是幻灯片上景物的( )A .正立放大的虚像B .倒立放大的实像C .正立放大的实像D .倒立放大的虚像11.关于小孔成像,下列说法正确的是 ............................................................................... ( D ) A .小孔成像实验中,小孔越大成像越清楚 B .小孔成的像一定是缩小的 C .小孔成的像一定是放大的 D .小孔成的像一定是倒立的二、填空题12.自行车的制作材料和车轮与赛道的接触面积是影响自行车比赛成绩的重要因素。
中考专题徐州市铜山区语文综合模拟试卷(一)
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初中语文试卷马鸣风萧萧2016年徐州市铜山区中考语文综合模拟试卷(一)(本试卷总分140分,时间120分钟)一、语文积累与语言运用(25分)1.下列词语书写及加点字注音全都正确的一项是(2分)()A、倔(jué)强脑髓(suǐ)锲(qì)而不舍张惶(huáng)失措B、砭(biān)骨嘻(xī)闹鞠躬尽瘁(cuì)断壁残垣(yuán)C.泥泞(nìng)狩(shòu)猎遐想叱咤(zhà)风云粗制滥造D.栈(zhàn)桥附和(hè)决别浑身解(xiè)数谈笑风生2.请根据要求填写古诗文名句(10分)(1) ____________________,悠然见南山。
(2) _____________________,叶底黄鹂一两声。
(3)_____________________,东风无力百花残。
(4) 马作的卢飞快,_____________________。
(5)子日:“岁寒,_______________________。
”(6)____________________;处江湖之远则忧其君。
(7),枳花照驿墙。
(8)燕子来时新社,。
(9)“时有落花至,远随流水香”这两句诗表现了落花积极进取的精神.但龚自珍《已亥杂诗》中的“_____________________,____________________”在境界上更胜一筹。
3、阅读下面一段文字,回答问题(6分)在一个村庄里,住着一位ruì()智的老人,村里有什么疑难问题都来向他(A)。
有一天聪明又调皮的孩子,想要故意为难那位老人。
他捉了一只小鸟,握在手掌中,跑去问:“老爷爷,听说您是最有智慧的人,不过我却不相信。
如果您能猜出我手中的鸟是活还是死的,我就相信了。
”老人注视着小孩子狡黠()的眼晴,心中有数,如果他回答小鸟是活的,小孩会暗中加劲把小鸟掐死;如果他回答是死的,小孩就会张开双手让小鸟飞走。
中考专题 徐州市铜山区 语文综合模拟试卷(一)
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初中语文试卷鼎尚图文整理制作2016年徐州市铜山区中考语文综合模拟试卷(一)(本试卷总分140分,时间120分钟)一、语文积累与语言运用(25分)1.下列词语书写及加点字注音全都正确的一项是(2分)()A、倔(jué)强脑髓(suǐ)锲(qì)而不舍张惶(huáng)失措B、砭(biān)骨嘻(xī)闹鞠躬尽瘁(cuì)断壁残垣(yuán)C.泥泞(nìng)狩(shòu)猎遐想叱咤(zhà)风云粗制滥造D.栈(zhàn)桥附和(hè)决别浑身解(xiè)数谈笑风生2.请根据要求填写古诗文名句(10分)(1) ____________________,悠然见南山。
(2) _____________________,叶底黄鹂一两声。
(3)_____________________,东风无力百花残。
(4) 马作的卢飞快,_____________________。
(5)子日:“岁寒,_______________________。
”(6)____________________;处江湖之远则忧其君。
(7),枳花照驿墙。
(8)燕子来时新社,。
(9)“时有落花至,远随流水香”这两句诗表现了落花积极进取的精神.但龚自珍《已亥杂诗》中的“_____________________,____________________”在境界上更胜一筹。
3、阅读下面一段文字,回答问题(6分)在一个村庄里,住着一位ruì()智的老人,村里有什么疑难问题都来向他(A)。
有一天聪明又调皮的孩子,想要故意为难那位老人。
他捉了一只小鸟,握在手掌中,跑去问:“老爷爷,听说您是最有智慧的人,不过我却不相信。
如果您能猜出我手中的鸟是活还是死的,我就相信了。
”老人注视着小孩子狡黠()的眼晴,心中有数,如果他回答小鸟是活的,小孩会暗中加劲把小鸟掐死;如果他回答是死的,小孩就会张开双手让小鸟飞走。
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2016年徐州市中考模拟试卷(一)一、单项填空(共15小题,每小题1分,满分15分)。
从A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出可以填人空白处的最佳选项。
( )1. Boys and girls, you've done well in English these days. !A. WelcomeB. CongratulationsC. CertainlyD. Exactly( )2. The ____________ is the best place to chat and watch TV.A. bedroomB. dining roomC. living roomD. bathroom( )3. You ____________ write the poem down. Our teacher will give us a copy soon.A. needn'tB. mustn'tC. shouldn'tD. can't( )4. --Could I use your e-dictionary, Mary?--Sorry, but I haven't got ___________A. oneB. itC. thisD. that( )5. --Thank you for showing me the way, Benny.-- __________________.A. Bad luckB. What a pityC. My pleasureD. That's right( )6. UNICEF was 'in Europe in 1946, after World War II.A. put upB. turned upC. set upD. given up( )7. Hong Kong Disneyland is well worth ______________ .A. to visitB. visitingC. visitD. visited( )8. --This dress is too expensive. Do you have others?--Sorry, but that's the ____________ one.A. biggestB. smallestC. cheapestD. longest( )9. My grandfather doesn't have any hobbies-- _______ you call playing cards a hobby.A. ifB. whenC. sinceD. unless( )10. Hurry up! The movie___________ for a quarter.A. has begunB. has been onC. has goneD. has finished( )11, --You are wanted cm the phone.-- nobody knows I'm here.A. AndB. ButC. SoD. Or( )12. --Someone swam across the Yunlong Lake this morning.--I didn't see it. I _____________ along the lake.A. joggedB. will jogC. have joggedD. was jogging( )13. We can't afford to make any mistakes. To us, _______________A. a miss is as good as a mileB. the grass is greener on the other sideC. it never rains but it poursD. when in Rome, do as the Romans do ( )14. --What time shall we leave for the airport?--It's foggy today. I'm not sure _____________ be closed soon, Let's go now.A. whether the highway willB. whether will the highwayC. when the highway willD. when will the highway( )15. What is a machine that is used to cool the air in a room by moving it around?二、完形填空(共15小题,每小题1分,满分15分)。
根据短文内容,从各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
Katie Clark's parents came to London from the USA. They lived in a tall building. A man named Neil Johnson lived in the building, too. He 16 a toy company. One day Neil gave Katie, the 4-year-old girl, a new 17 . She played with the toy and said, "This is fun!" A few weeks later Neil gave her 18 toy. She played with it. She said, "I'm not 19 this toy. It doesn't work." She was a(n) 20 little girl. Neil liked her honesty, and they became friends. For years Nell gave Katie new toys, and she gave him very good 21 about the toys.When Katie was thirteen years old, Neil 22 her a new ball. The ball had a balloon inside it. Katie wanted to fill the balloon with water. She wanted to paint the ball in crazy colors. She wanted to 23 rice or beans (豆子) in it to make it noisy. The company made these 24 . Katie's ideas were a great success! The company 25 thousands of the balls.That Christmas Nell gave Katie a(n) 26 gift. He made her a vice-president (副董事长) of the toy company. 27 made $ 200,000 a year. Her job was to see 28 the new toys were fun. She took a car from her school to her office. She worked for three or four hours a day at her job, 29 she had to do her homework. Katie was a busy teenager. She had 30 time to be with her family. Her parents taught her that working hard and doing her best is very important.Today Katie works at a college. The little vice-president with bright ideas helps students think about their future.( )16. A. owned B. foundC. helpedD. chose( )17. A. gift B. bookC. toyD. bag( )18. A. one B. anotherC. otherD. the other( )19. A. angry with B. surprised atC. tired ofD. interested in( )20. A. kind B. honestC. helpfulD. lovely( )21. A. ideas B. skillsC. namesD. facts( )22. A. lent B. calledC. returnedD. showed( )23. A. grow B. eatC. putD. cook( )24. A. inventions B. rulesC. mistakesD. changes( )25. A. sent B. hadC. soldD. received( )26. A. amazing B. interestingC. beautifulD. boring( )27. A. He B. SheC. ItD. They( )28. A. that B. ifC. howD. why( )29. A. so B. butC. orD. then( )30. A. less B. moreC. muchD. most三、阅读理解(共12小题,每小题2分,满分24分)。
阅读下面三篇短文,从各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
ACharacters: Evan, Mrs Bordoni, Mr Contei, Rita, Marco, TomSetting: An elementary schoolMrs Bordoni:(Stands at the school gate) Good morning! You need to go straight to your classrooms,children. (A shy boy walks up, looking nervous. ) What is your name? Evan: (Looking at the ground) My name is Evan.Mrs Bordoni: Welcome to Northside. I'm the principal (校长), Mrs Bordoni.Evan: (Looks surprised) Oh! Good morning.Mrs Bordoni: I know you are new to our school, but you will like it here. I will take you to your classroom.Evan: I didn't want to move and leave my friends.Mrs Bordoni: You will have friends here. You'll see.Mrs Bordoni: Here's your room, 106.Mr Cortez: Welcome to our class! I'm Mr Cortez.Evan: (The class looks at him. He speaks softly. ) Hello.Mr Cortez: We are talking about a story we just read. Who can tell Evan what it was about? Rita: This family moves to a new state. Their story is both funny and sad.Evan: (Cheering up) Did they like the new place?Marco: Not at first. But they made lots of new friends.Mr Cortez: What happened to make them change their minds?Tom: The girl from next door said he needed help. When they got to her house, a sign said, "Welcome''.Marco, It was a surprise party for them. The whole family was laughing.Mr Cortez: The neighbors made the family feel welcome.Mrs Bordoni: (Stands in the doorway) Evan, it's time for lunch, (They enter the lunchroom. A sign says, "Welcome Evan". ) It is hard to change schools and leave old friends. Now, we are your friends.Evan: (Smiles) I can't believe you did this for me.( )31. Who is Rita in the play?A. The principal.B. The teacher.C. Evan's new classmate.D. Evan's old friend.( )32. The words in brackets, such as "(A shy boy walks up, looking nervous. )" tell _______A. what the play is aboutB. What the writer acts in the playC. what the characters are saying to each otherD. what the characters are doing and how they are acting( )33. How does Evan feel at the beginning of the play?A. He is happy because he makes some new friends.B. He is afraid because he can't find the new school.C. He is angry because the others don't talk to him.D. He is nervous because it is his first day in a new school.( )34. Which is the correct order according to the play?a. Evan is taken to the classroom.b. Evan's new classmates tell him a story.c. Evan meets the principal, Mrs Bordoni, at the school gate.d. Evan enters the lunchroom and finds the sign "Welcome Evan".A. a-c-b-dB. c-a-b-dC. d-a-c-bD. b-c-d-a( )35. What is the best title of the play?A. A Sad StoryB. Evan's SignC. A Surprise PartyD. Evan's WelcomeBJoin Us for a Day at Sun Valley Amusement ParkChildren aged 10 to 14 are invited to take part in the "Event of the Summer" at Sun Valley Amusement Park, the most popular amusement park on the East Coast. Sun Valley has more than 80 amusement rides.For sports lovers, there are basketball courts, an indoor baseball field and climbing walls.No amusement park would be complete without a gift shop. Sun Valleyhas two.You won't want to miss out on this day of fun. Join us at Sun Valley A-musement Park on July 14. Register (登记) early.•The cost of the trip is $ 25. This includes tickets and all rides.•We suggest that all children bring lunch.•Buses leave at 9:00 AM and return at 5:00 PM.•Rain Date: Wednesday, July 16.Register at the Children's Recreation Center at the Town Hall by July 3.A one-day regis[ration will also be held on July 1 at the Brown School.For more information, call lane Parks at 555 7267.( )36. Who can take part in the "Event of the Summer"?A. Children under 5.B. Children over 16.C. Children aged 10--14.D. Children aged 5 9.( )37. The children had better bring ____________.A. a basketballB. lunchC. a giftD. gloves( )38. When can children register at the Brown School?A. On July 1.B. On July 3.C. On July 14.D. On July 16.CIt was Sunday. Henry did some shopping and then went to the car park. He was about to start the car when a robber stood up from the back seat. He held a knife to Henry's head. "Give me your wallet and drive me to North Street[" he shouted."All right," Henry answered. Then he started the car and drove away. Being 72 years old, he knew he could not fight the young robber. He knew he needed help. Where were the police? As he drove towards each crossing, he looked up and down the side streets, hoping to meet a police car. But he could see none. "Just my luck," he thought. "If I was driving too fast, there would be a police car on every comer."So he pushed his foot down on the accelerator (油门), and the car ran much faster. "What are you doing?" shouted the robber. "Keeping off the police," Henry answered. "I thought I saw a police car back there. 'He ran red lights, drove the wrong way on one-way streets. On two-way streets he drove on the wrong side of the road. Not one polieeman saw him. Again Henry's plan was not working. He had to try a new plan.He turned a corner and saw the police station in front. Then he drove his car as fast as he could towards the police gate. The car hit a police motorbike down and stopped. Henry shouted, "Help! Help!"Then he turned back to grab the man's knife. At the same time the policemen heard the shout and quickly caught the robber.( )39. Which sentence is RIGHT about the robber?A. He was young.B. He was 72 years old.C. He held a gun in his hand.D. He drove on the wrong side of the road.( )40. Why was Henry driving very fast?A.He wanted to keep off the police.B. He hoped the police would see him.C. He wanted to get home early.D. He wanted to get to North Street early.( )41. What does the underlined word "grab" mean in Chinese?A. 夺, 抢B. 擦拭 c. 送还 D. 寻找( )42. Henry did the following things EXCEPT __________A. ran red lightsB. drove the wrong way on one-way streetsC. jumped off the carD. drove on the wrong side of the road on two-way streets四、词语运用(共16小题,每小题1分,满分16分)。