高一第二学期期中考试
南京市金陵中学2023-2024学年高一下学期期中考试化学试卷(含答案)
金陵中学2023-2024学年度第二学期期中考试高一化学试卷注意事项:1.本试卷分为选择题和非选择题两部分,共100分,考试时间75分钟。
2.将选择题的答案填涂在答题卡的对应位置上,非选择题的答案写在答题卡的指定栏目内。
可能用到的相对原子质量H 1 C 12 N 14 O 16 Na 23 Mg 24 Al 27 Si 28 S 32 Cl 35.5 K 39 Ca 40 Fe 56 Cu 64 Zn 65 Ag 108一、单项选择题:共16题,每题3分,共48分。
每小题只有一个选项最符合题意。
1.2023年2月24日,“逐梦寰宇问苍穹”中国载人航天工程30年成就展在国家博物馆开展,展厅里的一件件展品,都是中国载人航天追求卓越、不断创新的印迹。
下列有关说法错误的是( ) A .神舟十五号飞船使用的铝合金和钛合金均属于金属材料 B .航天器使用的太阳能电池帆板的主要成分是硅单质 C .飞船返回舱表层的结构材料成分与普通玻璃相同D .“天宫课堂”的泡腾片(某种酸和3NaHCO 固体的混合物)实验中生成的是2CO2.氯化硅陶瓷是一种新型无机非金属材料。
其硬度仅次于金刚石、重量钢材的三分之一,用其制成的陶瓷轴承转速可以高达10000转/秒,可以耐1200℃高温并且有自润滑作用。
以下是部分结构材料的结构细节,其中可能是氮化硅的是( )3.在2SO 参与的下列反应中,体现出2SO 的氧化性的是( ) A .2232SO 2OHSO H O --++B .222SO 2H S 3S 2H O +↓+C .22224SO Cl 2H O2Cl SO 4H --+++++ D .22224SO H O 2H SO +-++ 4.金属的冶炼体现了人类文明的发展历程,下列关于金属冶炼的说法不正确的是( ) A .炼铁:用焦炭和空气反应产生的CO 在高温下还原铁矿石中铁的氧化物 B .制镁:用2H 还原氧化镁制得金属Mg C .制钠:电解熔融的NaCl 获得金属NaD .制铝:用36Na AlF 作培剂,电解熔融23Al O 制得金属铝 5.物质的性质决定用途,下列两者对应关系不正确的是( ) A .晶体硅是一种半导体材料,常用于制造光导纤维B .二氧化硫具有还原性,可添加在葡萄酒中防止葡萄酒中的些成分被氧化C .二氧化氯在水中的杀菌、消毒能力强,可以对使用水进行消毒D .液氨汽化时吸收大量的热,可用作制冷剂 阅读以下资料,并回答6~8题氨的常见氧化物有氨(3NH )和肼(24N H )。
2023~2024学年度第二学期高一年级期中考试数学试卷
唐山市第三十六中学2023-2024学年高一下学期期中考试数学试卷一、选择题1.判断下列各命题的真假:①向量与平行,则与的方向相同或相反;②两个有共同起点而且相等的向量,其终点必相同;③零向量是没有方向的;④向量就是有向线段.其中假命题的个数为( )A .2B .3C .4D .52.如图,分别是长方体的棱的中点,则等于( )A .B .C .D .3.已知,,为非零平面向量,则下列说法正确的是( )A .B .若,则C .若,则,D .4.已知向量,,且,则实数的值为( )A .B .3C .8D .125.已知单位向量,的夹角为,则( )A .1BCD .36.在中,角A ,B ,C 所对边分别为,,,,则值等于( )a b a b E F ,ABCD A B C D '-'''AB CD ,AB CF + AD 'AC ' DE AE a b c()()a b c a b c ⋅⋅=⋅⋅ a c b c ⋅=⋅ a b =//a bλR ∃∈λb a = ||||||a b a b ⋅=⋅ (2,4)a = (,6)b m =- //a bm 3-a b 2π3a b -= ABC V ,,a b c π3A =2b =8c =22a b c sinA sinB sinC -+-+AB .CD7.已知复数在复平面内对应的点在第四象限,则实数的取值范围是( )A .B .C .D .8.在三棱锥P -ABC 中,PA ⊥底面ABC ,PA =2,底面ABC 是边长为的正三角形,M 为AC 的中点,球O 是三棱锥P -ABM 的外接球.若D 是球0上一点,则三棱锥D -PAC 的体积的最大值是( )A.2B .CD二、多项选择题9.在△ABC 中,下列说法正确的是( )A .若,则B .若,则C .若,则D .若,则10.若关于 方程 ( 是实数)有两个不等复数根 ,其中 ( 是虚数单位),下面四个选项正确的有( )A .B.C .D .11.如图,在直三棱柱中,,,E 为的中点,过AE 的截面与棱BB 、分别交于点F 、G ,则下列说法中正确的是( )(2)(1)i z m m =+++m (2,1)--(,2)(1,)⋃-∞--+∞(1,)-+∞(,2)-∞-A B C >>sinA sinB sinC>>A B C >>222sin A sin B sin C>>A B C >>cosA cosB cosC<<A B C >>222cos A cos B cos C<<x 的20x px q ++=p q ,αβ和12α=-+i 1αβ⨯=21αβ=2αβ=332αβ+=111ABC A B C -90ACB ∠=︒12AC BC CC ===11B C 11A CA .当点F 为棱中点时,截面B .线段长度的取值范围是C .当点F 与点B 重合时,三棱锥的体积为D .存在点F ,使得三、填空题12.已知平面和直线,给出条件:①;②;③;④;⑤.(1)当满足条件 时,有;(2)当满足条件 时,有.(填所选条件的序号)13.下列说法正确的序号为 .①若复数,则;②若全集为复数集,则实数集的补集为虚数集;③已知复数,,若,则,均为实数;④复数的虚部是1.14.如图,在四边形 中,对角线 与 相交于点 .已知 ,, ,且 是 的中点,若 ,则 的值为 .四、解答题15.如图,在平面四边形ABCD 中,已知,,△ABC 为等边三角形,记.1BB AFEG 3++1C G []01,C AEF -431A F AE ⊥αβ,m αm P αm ⊥αm ⊂αβ⊥αβP βm P βm ⊥3i z =+13i 1010z =-1z 2z 12z z >1z 2z 3i 1z =-+ABCD AC BD O AC BC =AC BC ⊥AD BD ⊥O AC 2AD AB CD CB ⋅-⋅= AC BD ⋅ 1AD =2CD =αADC ∠=(1)若,求△ABD 的面积;(2)若,求△ABD 的面积的取值范围.16.已知向量.(1)当时,求的值;(2)设函数,且,求 的最大值以及对应的的值.17.已知是关于x 的实系数一元二次方程.(1)若a是方程的一个根,且,求实数k 的值;(2)若,是该方程的两个实根,且,求使的值为整数的所有k 的值.18.如图,多面体 中,底面 是菱形, ,四边形 是正方形且 平面 .(1)求证:平面 ;(2)若 ,求多面体 的体积 .19.如图,两个相同的正四棱锥底面重合组成一个八面体,可放入一个底面为正方形的长方体内,且长方体的正方形底面边长为2,高为4,已知重合的底面与长方体的正方形底面平行,八面体的各顶点均在长方体的表面上.πα3=πα,π2⎛⎫∈⎪⎝⎭)1cos 12a x x b ⎛⎫==- ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭,a b ⊥ tan x ()()f x a b b =+⋅ π02x ⎡⎤∈⎢⎥⎣⎦,()f x x 24410kx kx k -++=1a =1x 2x Z k ∈1221x x x x +ABCDEF ABCD 60BCD ∠=︒BDEF DE ⊥ABCD //CF ADE AE =ABCDEF V(2)求该八面体表面积S的取值范围.。
福建省漳州市乙级学校联盟2023-2024学年高一下学期期中考试语文试题(解析版)
2023-2024学年第二学期漳州市乙类级联盟校高一年期中质量检测语文试题注意事项:1.答卷前,考生务必用黑色字迹的钢笔或签字笔将自己的准考证号、姓名、考场号和座位号填写在答题卡上。
用2B铅笔在“考场号”和“座位号”栏相应位置填涂自己的考场号和座位号。
将条形码粘贴在答题卡“条形码粘贴处”。
2.作答选择题时,选出每小题答案后,用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目选项的答案信息点涂黑;如需改动,用橡皮擦干净后,再选涂其他答案,答案不能答在试卷上。
3.非选择题必须用黑色字迹的钢笔或签字笔作答,答案必须写在答题卡各题目指定区域内相应位置上;如需改动,先划掉原来的答案,然后再写上新的答案;不准使用铅笔和涂改液。
不按以上要求作答的答案无效。
一、现代文阅读(35分)(一)现代文阅读I(本题共5小题,19分)阅读下面的文字,完成下面小题。
材料一:《文心雕龙·隐秀》说:“夫隐之为体,义生文外,秘响傍通,伏采潜发,譬爻象之变互体,川渎之的启发性和暗示性,以唤起读者的联想,让他们自己去体会和发现作品中隽永深长的意趣。
这正是中国文学的艺术妙谛。
唐朝司空图在《与李生论诗书》中提出“味外之旨”“韵外之致”,在《与极浦书》中提出“象外之象”“景外之景”,在《二十四诗品》中又说“不着一字,尽得风流”。
这都是要求诗歌通过有限的字句启发读者无穷的想象。
注重言外之意,言有尽而意无穷。
中国古代的抒情诗由于篇幅短小,所以特别注重含蓄,要求短中见长,小中见大,言近意远,含蓄不尽。
如柳宗元的《江雪》:“千山鸟飞绝,万径人踪灭。
孤舟蓑笠翁,独钓寒江雪。
”前两句并没有明说下雪,只说山上的鸟都飞走了,路上人的足迹也不见了。
这样,读者便可以想象出一幅铺天盖地的雪景。
在这样的背景下,诗人安排了一只孤舟,一个披着蓑衣戴着斗笠的渔翁,垂钓江雪之中,不为外界变化所动。
那种我行我素、遗世独立的情趣,蕴涵在字里行间,很耐人寻味。
(摘编自袁行霈《中国文学概论》)材料二:含蓄作为一种美的形态,是诗人创作的共同追求,也是读者鉴赏再创造的需要。
上海中学2023-2024学年高一下学期期中考试英语试题(含答案)
上海中学2023学年第二学期期中考试英语试题高一______班学号______ 姓名______ 成绩______Ⅰ.Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and a question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1.A.15 dollars. B.20 dollars. C.25 dollars. D.45 dollars.2.A.To the gallery. B.To the dentist’s.C.To her flat. D.To the garage.3.A.She was fired by the company. B.She broke the law.C.She is on leave right now. D.She is replacing the company’s website.4.A.Patient and doctor. B.Resident and government official.C.Customer and insurance agent. D.Boss and secretary.5.A.He was sitting opposite Mr. Johnson. B.He is planning a farewell party for Mr. Johnson.C.All the tasks that Mr. Johnson did failed. D.He is glad Mr. Johnson left the company.6.A.She prefers dogs to cats.B.She had a close relationship with the man’s daughter.C.She used to sorrow over her dog’s death.D.She is always in low spirits.7.A.The woman should get the chips herself. B.The woman shouldn’t eat chips.C.The woman used to have several heart attacks. D.The woman warned the man against heart attacks. 8.A.They plan to have the meeting in another place.B.The availability of the meeting room will be discussed.C.They have already had the meeting.D They will have the meeting sometime later.9.A.The car’s demand greatly exceeds supply.B.The woman has listed the car’s advantages.C.The woman received a car a month ago. D.The woman didn’t like the car.10.A.She won’t do the presentation.B.She needs to collect a lot of data for the presentation.C.She is still at an early stage of preparation for the presentation.D.The topic is most important for the presentation.Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear two short passages and a longer conversation, and you will be asked some questions on the passages and the conversation. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but thequestions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one is the best answer to the question you’ve heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11.A.The type of food you freeze. B.The way you warm up the frozen food.C.Whether the freezer bags are sealed. D.What temperature you set your freezer to. 12.A.Because they can be easily stocked.B.Because they fit well in the fridge.C.Because they come in different sizes and shapes. D.Because they help to keep the dry food dry 13.A.Prevent people from eating too much food.B.Stop people from removing food that hasn’t gone bad.C.Make people become cautious about eating unhealthy food.D.Make people become ambitious in making use of leftover food.Questions 14 through 17 are based on the following passage.14.A.Postpone retirement age. B.Involve more women in work.C.Hire more foreign workers. D.Attract workers with high salaries.15.A.Relieve pressure on human nursing care.B.Take care of children and the elderly.C.Finally replace humans in workforce. D.Give humans more time to r creative work. 16.A.Robots can’t do certain work. B.Some people don’t accept robots.C.The expenses for robots are still high. D.The functions of robots need improving.17.A.Japan struggles to fight workforce shortage.B.Japanese attitudes towards robots change a lot.C.Robots have played a major role in Japan’s industry.D.Robots can help in Japanese workforce shortage.Questions 18 through 20 are based on the following conversation.18.A.The cruise liner will provide all sorts of food and entertainment.B.Only half of the cabins will be filled up.C.The prices of unsold tickets will be reduced.D.Everyone will be able to afford the ticket.19.A.Book tickets as soon as they are available. B.Closely watch the changes of ticket prices C.Compare deals from different sources. D.Keep in contact with a travel age n you can trust. 20.A.Because cruise tours are only suitable for people who have much free time.B.Because he can work part-time to earn money to pay for the tour.C.Because doing price research and comparing takes time.D.Because he can sail shortly after buying the cheap ticket.Ⅱ.Grammar and VocabularySection A Multiple Choice21.No man is useless in this world ______ lightens the burden of someone else.A.which B.that C.who D.as22.______ be considered for the role of team leader in our upcoming project?A.Who do you suggest that should B.Who do you suggestC.Whom do you suggest should D.Do you suggest who should23.I’m now applying to graduate school, ______ means someday I’ll return to a profession ______people need to be nice to me in order to get what they want.A.which, as B.which, which C.which, where D.as, in which24.The reason ______ she gave for her resignation was ______ she wanted to pursue her passion for travel and exploration.A.that, that B.why, that C.why, because D./, because25.It might be years ______ we ______ the creation of artificial intelligence systems capable of true human-like cognition.A.since, made possible B.before, make possibleC.since, made possible that D.before, make it possible26.The budget for the project ended up being twice ______, causing unexpected financial strain on the company. A.how it intended to B.that it had intended toC.as it intended to D.what it was intended to27.It was ______ she took her first step onto foreign soil ______ signaled the beginning of a journey filled with unknown adventures and unforgettable experiences.A.the moment, that B.the moment, whenC.the moment when, that D.the moment when, which28.The complexities of the English language are ______ even native speakers cannot always communicate effectively, ______ almost every American learns on his first day in Britain.A.so that, as B.such that, as C.so that, with D.such that, in that29.His confidence and strong will clearly show that he is no longer ______ he used to be the first time ______ he undertook such a demanding task.A.who, when B.who, / C.what, / D.what, that30.It was not so much her talent ______ her perseverance and determination ______ motivated her to the top of her field.A but. that B.as, that C.nor, which D.like, which31.______ the children tracked mud all over them again.A.No sooner did he sweep the floors clean than B.Hardly had he sweep the floors clean whenC.Barely he had swept the floors clean than D.Scarcely had he swept the floors clean when32.Although the suspect insisted ______ alone during the time of the crime, the court still demanded ______ evidence to support his alibi.A.being at home, he should provide B.he be at home, he providedC.he was at home, be provide D.he was at home, he providing33.Visitors are permitted to take photographs for personal use only, ______ stated otherwise by the museum staff. A.though B.if C.as D.unless34.The recipe book features helpful ______, making it easier for learners to visualize the cooking process.A.explanation B.demonstrations C.illustrations D.presentations35.The heroic idea that ______ qualities such as excellence, generosity courage, loyalty and dignity is highly valued and modeled.A.embraces B.identifies C.examines D.criticizes36.______ by the work pressure, he has been experiencing serious physical symptoms of stress and had to turn to a therapist for help.A.Overwhelmed B.Disappointed C.Frustrated D.Shocked37.After witnessing her tireless dedication to practice every day, the parents were ______ her enthusiasm for playing the piano.A.concerned with B.committed to C.informed of D convinced of38.When we ______ the data further, we can identify specific trends and patterns that may not be evident at first glance.A.break up B.break out C.break through D.break down39.The temptation for a declining church to ______ old privileges is strong.A.hang on to B.settle for C.pass up D.sign for40.After signing the contract, every employee is ______ fulfill their duties and conform to the rules made by the company.A.reluctant to B.obliged to C.motivated to D.honored to41.Due to the long-term environmental and financial benefits, renewable energy technologies are ______ A.worthwhile to develop B.worth being developedC.worthy to be developed D.worthy of developingSection B VocabularyDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Stressed out? Get chewing: can a wellness rebrand make Americans buy gum again?When was the last time you saw someone chewing gum? 1998, maybe? 2007? Chances are, it probably wasn’t recently. Like high heels and affordable housing, chewing gum appears to be going 42Gum’s popularity has been fading globally thanks to increased competition from products like breath mints and mobile phones distracting us from impulse purchases while shopping. The pandemic, moreover, 43 ·accelerated gum’s decline.Even after people 44 from lockdown, sales didn’t recover. Gum sales worldwide in 2023 were 10% below 2018 figures. In the US, the drop has been particularly pronounced: last year 1.2 billion units of gum were sold in the US, 32% fewer than in 2018.However, chewing gum, in various forms, is one of the oldest habits there is. Stone age teenagers were chewing birch bar k tar possibly for pleasure, medicinal purposes, or to use it as a glue. Gum has also been loaded with culturalmeaning and the subject of various 45 panics. Some people believe it is a marker of the bad kids or a habit of the lower class.Despite a certain amount of social stigma(污名)attached to gum, it has - until relatively recently -been a wildly successful product. That’s thanks to William Wrigley Jr, who was a marketing and advertising genius. Wrigley always 46 to find a way to make gum relevant and insert it into consumer culture. For example, Wrigley advertised the idea that chewing gum was a health aid that would help digestion and would relieve stress.This year the Wrigley brand’s owner —Mars—came out with an ad campaign it hopes will revive gum’s 47 by positioning it as an almost instant stress reliever. Linking gum with wellness worked in the 1910s, but is it going to work now? Alex Hayes at the food consultancy is 48 optimistic. “The global well ness market is estimated to be worth more than $1.5 trillion, so it’s no surprise that Mars wants a piece of the pie,” Hayes says. “We’ve seen the success of categories such as tea promoting their products via functional 49 and messaging-teas for good sleep, mental clarity, stress relief, etc. So it comes as no surprise that Mars is risking the same 50 .” But he also notes, customers are increasingly worried about processed foods and are eager to move away from artificial 51 . There’s still ongoing discussion on just how effective repositioning chewable plastic as a health supplement is going to be. Ⅲ.Reading ComprehensionSection A ClozeDirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.It’s safe to say Jeremy Scott is having a lucky year. In March while working as a chauffeur, he told his boss about his plans to set up a driving business. By the end of the journey, Scott’s boss had offered to 52 his idea-a starting capital along with the gift of a £110,000 limousine(豪车)to kick start the business.Of course, there’s an element of luck to everyone’s career. Whether you’re a chief executive or an artist — your 53 won’t be based on hard work alone. For example, the place you were born 54 your education. It determines whether you learn to read, write or complete qualifications, which 55 limits your career choices.Many people believe success is down to talent and hard work, but “this is because most people underestimate the role of 56 ”, says psychologist Dr Elizabeth Nutt Williams. “We do a lot of work to prepare for ourcareers-education, training, taking advantage of mentoring-all of which tend to be in our control.” People don’t like to acknowledge the role of luck in their work, as it 57 this feeling of being in control, adds Williams.Everyone remembers working hard, so people are more likely to overestimate how much of their success is down to diligence than something much more 58 like luck.The reality of success (at least in terms of 59 )is less clear cut. In the UK, studies show where you are born is likely to determine how much you earn.2017 research found that there is a “class pay gap’’, where professional employers from 60 backgrounds are paid almost £7,000 less a year — despite having the same role, education and experience as colleagues from more privileged families. 61 , black graduates earn up to 23% less per hour than white university leavers, whereas woman in the UK earn 14% less on average than men.Socio-economic status also plays a big role in the 62 you enter. A recent study by the Debrett’s Foundation found seven in every 10 young people aged 16-25 use 63 to get their first job. While research has shown that less able, richer children are 35% more likely to become high earners than their brighter. poorer peers.The truth is: chance and coincidences 64 our careers more than we like to think. Realizing that parts of your career are out of your control sounds 65 , but being grateful for the role of luck in your career can actually make you more fortunate.This is because when you acknowledge the role of luck in your work, you become prepared to take advantage of more fortunate moments. “Chance events occur·but it is all about the individual’s 66 to see those events as possibilities and their willingness to take a risk,” says Williams.52.A.challenge B.adopt C.finance D.reject53.A.performances B.accomplishments C.assessments D.outcomes54.A.accounts for B.applies to C.makes up for D.depends on55.A.in reward B.after all C.in turn D.by nature56.A.chance B.accident C.education D.diligence57.A.emphasizes B.overlooks C.maintains D.weakens58.A.manageable B.vital C.slippery D.minor59.A.reputation B.income C.education D.occupation60.A.wealthier B.poorer C.unique D.diverse61.A.Nevertheless B.Contrarily C.Consequently D.Similarly62.A.profession B.circle C.community D.university63.A.certificates B.online platforms C.career fairs D.family connections64.A.contribute to B.result from C.add to D.hold back65.A.inspiring B.encouraging C.appealing D.discouraging66.A.reluctance B.eagerness C.readiness D.resolutionSection B Passages(A)When you think about coffee alternatives, garlic is probably one of the last things that comes to mind, but that is exactly the ingredient that one Japanese inventor used to create a drink that looks and tastes like coffee.74-year-old Yokitomo Shimotai, a coffee shop owner in Aomori Prefecture, Japan, claims that his unique “garlic coffee” is the result of a cooking blunder he made over 30 years ago, when he burned a steak and garlic while waiting tables at the same time. Intrigued by the burnt garlic’s smell, he mashed it up with a spoon and mixed it with hot water. The resulting drink looked and tasted a lot like coffee. Making a mental note of his discovery, Yokimoto carried on with his job and only started researching garlic coffee again after he retired.Committed to turning his weird drink into a commercial product, Yokitomo Shimotai spent years optimizing the formula, and about five years ago, he finally achieved a result he was satisfied with. To make his dissolvable garlic grounds, he roasts the cloves(蒜瓣)in an electric oven, and after they’ve cooled off, smashes them into fine particles and pac ks them in dripbags.“My drink is probably the world’s first of its kind,” the garlic coffee inventor told Kyodo News. “It contains no caffeine so it’s good for those who would like to drink coffee at night or pregnant women.”“The bitterness of burned garl ic apparently helps create the coffee-like flavor,” Shimotai adds. He claims that, although his garlic coffee does give off an aroma of roasted garlic, it doesn’t cause bad breath, because the garlic isthoroughly cooked. And if you can get past the smell, the drink apparently does taste a lot like actual coffee. If decaf isn’t good enough for you, and you’re in the mood for something new, you can try Yokitomo Shimotai’s garlic coffee at his shop, in the city of Ninohc, lwate Prefecture, or buy your own dripbags for just 324 yen($2.8). 67.Which word is the closest in meaning to the underlined word “blunder” in the second paragraph?A mistake B.show C.mixture D.brand68.Who is NOT suitable to drink garlic coffee?A.A student having trouble with sleep B.A woman bearing a baby.C.A cleaner working on a day shift. D.A young lady sick of garlic.69.Which of the following is NOT characteristic of garlic coffee?A.It is caffeine-free. B.Garlic powder dissolves in waterC.The burnt garlic create s bitterness. D.It is an improvement on a garlic dish.70.Which of the following can be used to describe Yokitomo Shimotai?A.Venturous and greedy B.Innovative and perseverantC.Hardworking and cautious D.Observant and helpful(B)71.By “how they stacked up” in paragraph 1, the author probably means “how they ______.”A.make sense to manufacturers B.get stuck in storesC are compared with each other D.are piled up together72.Which of the following devices favourably reacts to users?A.Dreampad pillow B.Eight sleep trackerC.Smart Nora Wireless Snoring Solution D.Nightingale Smart Home Sleep System73.Which of the following statements is true according to the passage?A.The Eight keeps the entire bed at the same temperature.B.The Nightinga, is an economical but perfect device.C.Soft music is applied to all these four devices.D.One in three people suffer from sleep problem.(C)One way to divide up the world is between people who like to explore new possibilities and those who stick to the tried and true. In fact, the tension between betting on a sure thing and taking a chance that something unexpected and wonderful might happen troubles human and nonhuman animals alike.Take songbirds, for example. The half-dozen finches(雀)resting at my desk feeder all summer know exactly what they’ll find there: black sunflower seed, and lots of it. Meanwhile, the warblers(莺)exploring the woods nearby don’t depend on this predictable food source in fine weather. As food hunters, they enjoy less exposure to predators and, as a bonus, the chance to meet the perfect mate flying from tree to tree.This “explore-exploit” trade-off(权衡)has prompted scores of lab studies, computer simulations and algorithms (算法), trying to determine which strategy brings in the greatest reward. Now a new study of human behavior in the real world, published last month in the journal Nature Communications, shows that in good times, there isn’t much of a difference between pursuing novelty and sticking to the status quo(原状). When the going gets tough. however, explorers are the winners.The new study, led by Shay O’Farrell and James Sanchirico, both of the Univ ersity of California, Davis, along with Orr Spiegel of Tel Aviv University, examined the routes and results of nearly 2,500 commercial fishing trips in the Gulf of Mexico over a period of 2.5 years. The study focused on “bottom longline” fishing, a system where hundreds of lines are attached to a horizontal bar that is then lowered to reach the sea bed. Dr. O’Farrell explained the procedure this way: Go to a location and put the line down. Stay for a few hours. The lines are a mile long and have a buoy (浮标)at either end. When they pull that up, they assess the catch, and then decide if they will stay or move on to a different spot.Over two years of collecting data under various climate conditions, the researchers discovered that the fishermen were fairly c onsistent. “The exploiters would go to a smaller set of locations over and over, and go with what theyknow,” Dr. O’Farrell said. The explorers would constantly try a wider range; they’d sample new places.In the long run, there wasn’t a huge difference in payoffs between the two groups, perhaps due to the sharing information between fishing crews, said Dr. O’Farrell. But in challenging times, the study’s message was clear: “You can try new things in the face of uncertainty.”74.The author takes the songbird as an example to indicate that ______.A.like birds, humans tend to be satisfied with the predictableB.some birds are used to looking for food instead of being fedC.there exist the conservative and the adventurous like humansD.birds choose different ways to look for food in different weather75.According to the third paragraph, people who mastered “explore-exploit” trade-off ______.A.will choose either to pursue novelty or keep the status quoB.are ready to risk in time of difficultyC.will be tough in good times and bad timesD.will grow to be experts in lab studies76.Which can be inferred from the new study led by Shay O’Farrell and James Sanchirico?A.The two groups react to the unexpected differently.B.The “explore-exploit” trade-off helps scientific research a lot.C.The exploiters are used to fishing based solely on their experience.D.The explorers tend to achieve more than the exploiters in the long run.77.Which of the following can be the best title for passage?A.How the Exploiter differs from the Explorer B.How to Become a Productive FishermanC.What is “Explore-Exploit” Trade-off D.When to take risks mattersSection CDirections: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.The Maya loved cacao so much that they used the beans as currency. They also believed it is good for you—which many people still say today about cacao’s most famous byproduct, chocolate. 78 . While some have suggested that less than an ounce of dark chocolate might improve heart health, much of the research doesn’t involve eating actual chocolate but rather its components — flavanol, especially.79 . In a clinical trial of 21,000 adults, they found that the half of the group that took500mg of. cocoaflavanol supplements daily had a significantly lower risk of death from cardiovascular disease than those who had taken a placebo(安慰剂).Flavanols may also boost insulin sensitivity, according to some studies, which might be helpful in reducing the risk of type 2 diabetes(糖尿病). 80 . Those at risk of diabetes might be wise to choose a cacao-inspired supplement instead of eating chocolate—and the sugar it contains. Other research suggests that the flavanols found in cacao (also present in fruits, vegetables, and tea)could slow cognitive decline during aging, or even boost brain performance by improving blood flow to the cerebral cortex.What these findings mean for chocolate is limited, however. Participants would have had to eat multiple fat and sugar filled chocolate bars a day to source 500mg of flavanols. 81 . So understanding why certain types of chocolate are healthier than the rest is the focus of further research.Ⅳ.Fill in the BlanksHow sneaker culture took over the worldSneakers have come a long way from when they were first invented in 1860s England for the upper-class playing croquet(槌球)and tennis.Long worn for function 82 82 fashion, today sneakers have become an entire culture—both a form of self-expression and a high art found in museum exhibits and designer auction houses.83 transformed sneaker culture into a true phenomenon was the 1985 release of Nike’s Air Jordan 1s. In 1984, Michael Jordan was a talented rookie who had yet to play in a professional game. 84 that, Nike saw Jordan as the future of their brand, signing him to a five-year, $2.5 million endorsement(代言)deal. 85 Jordan matured into one of the greatest basketball players of all time, the sneaker’s popularity skyrocketed.Meanwhile, another cultural shift 86 (take)place with casual Fridays introduced in white-collar businesses. It was when men were allowed to put aside their suits and wear something one day a week that showed people who they really were.As sneakers became increasingly desired, footwear companies turned to 87 (generate)even more publicity by collaborating with celebrities and luxury brands, as well as releasing small batches of limited-edition shoes with eye-pop ping designs.Celebrities also started their collaborations with sneaker brands, which helped target a whole new demographic of people to experience sneaker culture. It was a blending of high and low fashion, 88 the shoe industry has never really seen before. A pair that Jordan wore in his legendary final NBA season 89 (sell )even for $2.2 mllion, making them the most expensive sneakers ever to appear at auction.By the mid-2010s, speakers 90 (become)solid gold status symbols. Wearing rare and cool sneakers became an expression of one’s social status. But not until recently, sneakers are finally getting their due as part of our cultural heritage—and particularly how Black culture has shaped that heritage. It took decades for the sneaker industry to recognize that 91 these Black athletes or artists that championed their products there would be no sneaker culture.Ⅴ.Translations92.结果看来这项传统的确值得传承给我们的后代。
北京市2023—2024学年高一下学期期中考试语文试卷含答案
北京市2023~2024学年第二学期期中考试高一语文(答案在最后)2024年4月班级姓名考号(考试时间150分钟满分150分)提示:试卷答案请一律填涂或书写在答题卡上,在试卷上作答无效。
在答题卡上,选择题用2B 铅笔作答,其他试题用黑色签字笔作答。
一、本大题共5小题,共18分。
阅读下面材料,完成下面小题。
材料一阅读是伟大的文化发明,但文字出现的历史非常短暂,人类尚不足以进化出一个先天的“阅读脑”。
这意味着,我们无法仅依靠遗传获得阅读技能。
我们之所以能够完成从“非阅读脑”到“阅读脑”的转变,既有赖于先天的大脑特性,又有赖于后天的阅读训练。
虽然人类没有进化出“阅读脑”,但先天拥有“口语脑”。
口语是人类自然习得的本能。
通过遗传,每一个准备接受阅读训练的个体已经具备了从语音通达语义的口语加工脑区和环路。
这些加工口语的脑区与环路即是“阅读脑”形成的开端。
从出生到死亡,人类的大脑并非一成不变,你可以把大脑想象成一台持续更新的机器,始终处于调整变化中。
这种能够不停“重组”的特性被称为“脑的神经可塑性”。
后天的阅读训练,有针对性地促成了先天脑的重组,其中最重要的改变当属视觉词形区的出现。
法国认知神经科学家斯坦尼斯拉斯•德阿纳比较了无阅读能力(文盲)和有阅读能力的两组成年人,发现在阅读任务中,有阅读能力组的左脑梭状回(即视觉词形区)在观看文字时的活跃强度要高于观看人脸、房屋等其他视觉刺激时的活跃强度;而文盲组,相应的脑区未发现异常活跃现象。
这一发现首次直接证明了阅读训练对脑区功能的塑造作用。
除此之外,阅读还会“改写”大脑的灰质和白质结构。
一项追踪研究发现,与刚入学时相比,儿童在二年级时,左半球的顶下小叶、中央前回和中央后回的灰质体积有所减小,推测是阅读训练引发了相关脑区神经突触的修剪过程,使这些脑区变得更加精简高效。
另一项研究发现,8-10岁儿童在接受100小时的阅读训练后,白质纤维束的走向一致性显著增强,意味着不同脑区之间的信息传输能力有所提高。
北京市西城区2023-2024学年高一下学期期中考试语文试卷含答案
北京2023~2024学年第二学期期中练习高一语文(答案在最后)2024.04注意事项:1.本试卷共5页,共八道大题,24小题,满分150分。
考试时间150分钟。
2.在试卷和答题纸上准确填写班级、姓名、学号。
3.试卷答案填写在答题纸的相应位置上,在试卷上作答无效。
4.在答题纸上,选择题用2B铅笔作答,其他试题用黑色字迹签字笔作答。
第I卷一、(共15分)阅读下面的文字,完成下列小题。
江南暮春清明风俗随着寒食、清明、上巳的来临,江南已是红梅零落,樱花渐离枝头,桃花也随雨打风吹去了。
江南的暮春习俗像是在彷徨中寻找着什么寄托。
以水驱邪与魏晋修禊《孝经纬》记载:“春分后十五日……为清明三月节。
万物至此皆洁齐而清明矣。
”古人对于“洁”的渴求出于对死亡的恐惧。
暮春时节,寒热不定,疾病时来侵袭。
古人认为这是被压抑的阴气或浊气在作怪,用洁净的流水来清除浊邪成了必要举动。
明代以来,江南地区产生了许多以水清除浊邪的“方法”,如三月初二以桃叶浸井水服食,传说可治心病;三月初三取枸杞煎汤沐浴,能使皮肤光泽不衰。
人们对这些方法的信任,大抵都源于临水修禊的风俗。
修禊,是古人祈福消灾的仪式,通常在三月上旬巳日临水举行,自魏晋以后,上巳节的日期固定为三月初三。
《晋书·王羲之传》记载“暮春之初,会于会稽山阴之兰亭,修禊事也”,说的就是著名的兰亭雅集。
当日,王羲之与众名士相聚曲水之畔,三杯两盏之后,他联想到战争的频繁与生命之脆弱,感慨:“固.知一死生为虚诞,齐彭殇为妄作。
后之视今,亦犹今之视昔,悲夫!故列叙时人,录其所述。
”庄周在《齐物论》中告诉世人:生为梦幻,死是苏醒,早逝(殇)反而能使人走向长生(彭)。
王羲之并不相信修禊的功效,认为死亡总是突然来袭,同时也不接受庄周为消解死亡恐惧所提出的解释。
王羲之与名士们聚饮赋诗,且将雅集诗作逐一记录,企图通过这种方式创造一条与后人沟通的途径——这是对死亡的新知。
寒食禁火与唐人祭墓寒食,在清明前一两日。
高一下学期期中考试语文试卷(新高考)(含解析)
高一下学期期中考试语文试卷(新高考)(含解析)绝密★启用前2022-2023学年高一下学期期中考试语文试卷(新高考)(答案解析版)语文1.D【解析】本题考查对文章内容的理解和分析的能力。
“横观现实有助于研究历史”错误,无中生有。
文章只在第二段引用李大钊的话“纵观人间的过去者便是历史,横观人间的现在者便是社会”时提到“横观现实”这一概念,“也就是说,要洞察现实的社会,就不能不研究过去的历史。
”但其中并没有提到“横观现实”与“历史研究”的关系。
2.C【解析】本题考查分析概括作者在文中的观点态度的能力。
C.“而想象力丰富与否决定了诗歌作品的质量”错误,由材料二第二段“单纯考察想象力是否‘丰富’,并不能决定文学作品的价值,重要的还是想象力的质量的高下”可知,想象力是否丰富不是诗歌作品价值的决定因素,想象力质量的高下影响诗歌的价值。
故选C。
3.C【解析】本题考查理解文中重要概念的含义的能力。
C.《登太白峰》臆造人物、虚构境地,借助离奇的想象写作,属于艺术想象力。
故选C。
①用假想比附事实;②生造出所谓“隐”的人和事来。
【解析】本题考查理解文章内容,筛选并整合文中信息的能力。
根据文中“他可以有深入而巧妙的推论,但必须时刻保持充分的自制力,以防止将事实纳入假想的框架。
《红楼梦》研究中曾有过‘索隐派’,他们借助离奇的想象,抓住书中的只言片语或某一个人物、情节,跟清代史事相比附,测字猜谜式地从中‘索’出所‘隐’的人和事来。
这是需要我们注意的”可知,“索隐派”用假想比附事实,生造出所谓“隐”的人和事来。
能够将诗性的幻想和具体生存的真实性作扭结一体的游走。
如昌耀的《峨日朵雪峰之侧》就是将深刻体验到的生命、理念、立场、情感,倾注、融贯到精心选择的生命意象中,通过丰富的想象,雕铸成一幅幅真实而顽强的生命图画;郭沫若的《立在地球边上放号》,作者面对浩渺无边的大海,那惊天的激浪和着时代的洪流一起撞击着他的胸怀。
这首对于力的赞歌,正是那种向旧世界、旧文化、旧传统猛烈冲击的时代精神的象征。
辽宁省沈阳市第二中学2023-2024学年高一下学期期中考试语文试卷(含答案)
沈阳二中2023-2024学年度下学期期中考试高一(26届)语文试题说明:1.考试时长:150分钟满分:150分2.考生务必将答案答在答题卡相应位置上,在试卷上作答无效。
第I卷(71分)一、现代文阅读(36分)(一)现代文阅读I(本题共5小题,18分)阅读下面的文字,完成1-5题。
材料一:《千里江山图》是北宋王希孟创作的绢本设色画,现收藏于北京故宫博物院,是国宝级文物。
在这幅近12米的长卷中,王希孟主要运用了石青、石绿两种矿物质颜料,以细腻的工笔勾勒出连绵起伏的群山、烟波浩渺的江海、点缀其间的村舍、江中独钓的渔翁和挺拔秀丽的松竹。
以《千里江山图》为创作蓝本的舞蹈诗剧《只此青绿》以一场视听盛宴掀起了文化自信的国潮热,引发了一轮对“青绿腰”的模仿热,影响力覆盖全民。
《只此青绿》打破了赏画的平面视角,用多维的舞蹈语言和舞台空间让《千里江山图》这幅画“活”了起来。
青绿女子刚柔并济,舞姿翩跹,曼妙的“青绿腰”将古典式的奇幻美学呈现得淋漓尽致,使观众获得了私享画作的沉浸感。
这独特的沉浸式“赏画”方式重塑了当代观众对传统中国画的审美体验,这“复活的艺术品”成为了连接古今的时空穿梭机,让观众穿越时空与画家王希孟对话,走进王希孟的心路历程,走进北宋工匠艺人们的生活。
这种赏画经验的革新,让源远流长的传统文化焕发了新的生命力。
一直以来,守正与创新都是古典题材舞蹈创作者们的共识。
“守正”体现在尊重历史文化传统上。
五千多年的中华文明,为新的文化创造提供了丰沛源泉。
而“创新”则是在表现形式、叙事手法、舞蹈技巧等舞蹈要素的“文化性”上进行的想象和开发。
《只此青绿》为优秀传统文化的创新性表达做出了一次成功探索。
思考大众对“青绿腰”动作的模仿热现象,我们不难发现这其实是一种大众对传统文化表达喜爱和认同的质朴方式。
他们通过对“险峰”动作形态的模仿,再现了自己心中对于“气韵山河”的想象和价值认同。
单从舞蹈动作层面来看,“青绿腰”并不属于舞蹈中的典型技巧动作,但它却能够成为一种符号,带着传统文化的印记进入大众的认知。
上海市上海师范大学附属中学2023-2024学年高一下学期期中考试数学试题
上师大附中2023学年第二学期高一年级数学期中2024.05一、填空题(本大题共有12题,满分54分,第1-6题每题4分,第7-12题每题5分)1.向量()3,4m =-的单位向量为________(用坐标表示).2.△ABC 中,已知120A =︒,45B =︒,2AC =,则边BC 的长为________.3.已知向量()1,1a = ,()3,5b = ,则b 在a方向上的投影为________(用坐标表示).4.设1e ,2e 是不平行向量,若124e e - 与12ke e +平行,则实数k 的值为________.5.已知△ABC 三边上的高分别为A h 、B h 、C h ,且::4:5:6A B C h h h =,则此三角形最大角的余弦值为________.6.函数tan 2y x =,,66ππx ⎡⎤∈-⎢⎣⎦的最大值为________.7.在△ABC 中,2AB =,3AC =,3AB AC ⋅=-,则△ABC 的面积为________.8.若函数()cos f x x =,[]0,2x π∈与()tan g x x =的图象交于M 、N 两点,则OM ON +=________.9.如图,这个优美图形由一个正方形和以各边为直径的四个半圆组成,若正方形ABCD 的边长为4,点P 在四段圆弧上运动,则AP AB ⋅的取值范围为________.10.设函数()sin f x x =,若对于任意2,3ππ⎡⎤α∈⎢⎥⎣⎦,都存在[]0,m β∈,使得()()0f f α+β=,则m 的最小值为________.11.若存在实数ϕ,使函数()()1(0)2f x cos x =ω+ϕ-ω>在[],3x ππ∈上有且仅有2个零点,ω的取值范围为________.12.已知平面向量a 、b ,且2a b == ,2a b ⋅= ,向量c满足22c a b a b --=- ,则当()c b R -λλ∈取最小值时λ的值为________.二、选择题(13~14每题4分,15~16每题5分,共18分,每题有且仅有一个答案正确)13.函数tan y x =是().A.最小正周期为2π的奇函数B.最小正周期为π2的偶函数C.最小正周期为π的奇函数D.最小正周期为π的偶函数14.已知1e 、2e是互相垂直的单位向量,则下列四个向量中模最大的是().A.121122e e +B.121233e e +C.123144e e +D.121655e e -+15.设集合2462 sin sin sin sin ,,02023202320232023ππkπA x x k Z k ⎧⎫π==++++∈>⎨⎬⎩⎭,则集合A 的元素个数为().A.1012B.1013C.2024D.202516.如图,在平面直角坐标系xOy 中,已知()1,0A 、()0,1B 、()1,1C -、()1,0D -、()0,1E -、()1,1F -.有一封闭图形ABCDEF ,其中图形第一、三象限的部分为两段半径为1的圆弧,二、四象限的部分为线段BC 、CD 、EF 、FA .角α的顶点在原点,始边与x 轴的正半轴重合,α的终边与该封闭图形ABCDEF 交于点P ,点P 纵坐标y 关于α的函数记为()y f =α,则有关函数()y f =α图象的说法正确的是().A.关于直线4πα=成轴对称,关于坐标原点成中心对称B.关于直线34πα=成轴对称,且以2π为周期C.以2π为周期,但既没有对称轴,也没有对称中心D.夹在1y =±之间,且关于点(),0π成中心对称三、解答题(共78分)17.(本题满分14分,第(1)题6分,第(2)题8分)在平面直角坐标系xOy 中,已知()1,1A -,()2,1B -,(),2C m .(1)若2m =,求△ABC 的面积S ;(2)是否存在实数m ,使得A 、B 、C 三点能构成直角三角形?若存在,求m 的取值集合;若不存在,请说明理由.18.(本题满分14分,第(1)题6分,第(2)题8分)已知函数()y f x =,()2213πf x sin x ⎛⎫=+- ⎪⎝⎭.(1)求函数()y f x =的最小正周期和单调增区间;(2)若不等式()1f x t +<在0,4πx ⎡⎤∈⎢⎥⎣⎦上恒成立,求实数t 的取值范围.19.(本题满分14分,第(1)题6分,第(2)题8分)“但有一枝堪比玉,何须九畹始征兰”,盛开的白玉兰是上海的春天最亮丽的风景线,除白玉兰外,上海还种植木兰科的其他栽培种,如黄玉兰和紫玉兰等.某种植园准备将如图扇形空地AOB 分成三部分,分别种植白玉兰、黄玉兰和紫玉兰;已知扇形的半径为70米,圆心角为23π,动点P 在扇形的弧上,点Q 在OB 上,且∥PQ OA .(1)当50OQ =米时,求PQ 的长;(2)综合考虑到成本和美观原因,要使白玉兰种植区△OPQ 的面积尽可能的大.设AOP ∠=θ,求△OPQ 面积的最大值.20.(本题满分18分,第(1)题4分,第(2)题6分,第(3)题8分)在△ABC 中,120CAB ∠=︒.(1)如图1,若点P 为△ABC 的重心,试用AB 、AC 表示AP ;(2)如图2,若点P 在以A 为圆心,AB 为半径的圆弧 BC 上运动(包含B 、C 两个端点),且1AB AC ==,设(),AP AB AC R =λ+μλμ∈,求λμ的取值范围;(3)如图3,若点P 为△ABC 外接圆的圆心,设(),AP m AB nAC m n R =+∈,求m n +的最小值.21.(本题满分18分,第(1)题4分,第(2)题6分,第(3)题8分)已知向量33,22x x a cos sin ⎛⎫= ⎪⎝⎭ ,,22x x b cos sin ⎛⎫=- ⎪⎝⎭ ,函数()f x a b m a b =⋅-+ ,m R ∈.(1)若0m =,求6πf ⎛⎫⎪⎝⎭的值;(2)用x 表示a b + ,若,34ππx ⎡⎤∈-⎢⎣⎦时,()f x 的最小值为4-,求实数m 的值;(3)设n 为正整数,函数()y f x =在区间()0,nπ上恰有2024个零点,请求出所有满足条件的n 的值及相应m 的取值范围.参考答案一、填空题2.;3.;5.;6.;8.π;11.15,33⎡⎫⎪⎢⎣⎭12.311.若存在实数ϕ,使函数()()1(0)2f x cos x =ω+ϕ-ω>在[],3x ππ∈上有且仅有2个零点,ω的取值范围为________.【答案】15,33⎡⎫⎪⎢⎣⎭【解析】因为()()1(0)2f x cos x =ω+ϕ-ω>,由()0f x =,得到()12cos x ω+ϕ=,所以()23x k k Z πω+ϕ=+π∈或()23x k k Z πω+ϕ=-+π∈,所以()()2233k k x k Z x k Z ππ-ϕ+π--ϕ+π=∈=∈ωω或又因为存在实数ϕ,使函数()f x 在[]3x ,∈ππ上有且仅有2个零点,所以7522332k k ππ-ϕ+π-ϕ+π-≤πωω且1122332k k ππ-ϕ+π-ϕ+π->πωω,即232π≤πω且1032π>πω,解得1533≤ω<.故答案为:1533,⎡⎫⎪⎢⎣⎭.12.已知平面向量a 、b ,且2a b == ,2a b ⋅= ,向量c满足22c a b a b --=- ,则当()c b R -λλ∈取最小值时λ的值为________.【答案】3【解析】设,a b的夹角为[],0,θθ∈π因为2,2a b a b ==⋅= ,由公式a b a b cos ⋅=⋅⋅θ 所以12cos θ=,解得3πθ=因为()()a b a b a b -=-⋅-22a a ab b b =⋅-⋅+⋅= ()()a b a b a b +=+⋅+223a a ab b b =⋅+⋅+⋅= ,243a b += 则由题,向量c满足22c a b a b --=- ,如图所示:设(),,2,OA a OB b OE a b ===+ OC c = 则(),2BA a b EC c a b=-=-+所以()22EC c a b =-+=,故C 在E 为圆心,2为半径的圆上若OD b =λ ,则DC c b =-λ由图象可知,当且仅当,,E C D 三点共线且ED OD⊥时,||DC 最小,即()c b R -λλ∈ 取得最小值,此时,666EOD OD OE cos ππ∠==⋅= 又2,b OD b ==λ,解得3λ=.二、选择题13.14.D15.A16.C15.设集合2462 sin sin sin sin ,,02023202320232023ππkπA x x k Z k ⎧⎫π==++++∈>⎨⎬⎩⎭,则集合A 的元素个数为().A.1012B.1013C.2024D.2025【答案】A【解析】根据题意可知,当01011,k k Z <∈时,()202023k ,π∈π,此时()2012023k sin ,π∈;又因为2023为奇数,2k 为偶数,且22023k π中的任意两组角都不关于2π对称,所以22023k sinπ的取值各不相同,因此当01011,k k Z <∈时集合A 中x 的取值会随着k 的增大而增大,所以当1011k =时,集合A 中有1011个元素;当1012k =时,易知2420232023x sinsin ππ=++⋯2022202420232023sin sin ππ++242022202320232023sin sin sinπππ=++⋯+2023sin π⎛⎫+π+ ⎪⎝⎭242022202320232023=sinsin sin πππ++⋯+2023sin π-,又易知202220232023sin sinππ=,所以可得2420232023x sin sin ππ=++⋯2022202420232023sin sin ππ++22023sinπ=4202020232023sin sin ππ++⋯+即1012k =时x 的取值与1010k =时的取值相同,与0k =时的取值不相同,根据集合元素的互异性可知,1012k =时并没有增加集合中的元素个数,以此类推可得当1012k时,集合A 中的元素个数并没有随着k 的增大而增加,所以可得集合A 的元素个数为1012个.故选:B .16.如图,在平面直角坐标系xOy 中,已知()1,0A 、()0,1B 、()1,1C -、()1,0D -、()0,1E -、()1,1F -.有一封闭图形ABCDEF ,其中图形第一、三象限的部分为两段半径为1的圆弧,二、四象限的部分为线段BC 、CD 、EF 、FA .角α的顶点在原点,始边与x 轴的正半轴重合,α的终边与该封闭图形ABCDEF 交于点P ,点P 纵坐标y 关于α的函数记为()y f =α,则有关函数()y f =α图象的说法正确的是().A.关于直线4πα=成轴对称,关于坐标原点成中心对称B.关于直线34πα=成轴对称,且以2π为周期C.以2π为周期,但既没有对称轴,也没有对称中心D.夹在1y =±之间,且关于点(),0π成中心对称【答案】C【解析】由题意可知,()y f =α的最小正周期为2π且当()0,;2f sin παα=α时 当()3,1;24f ππ<αα=时 当()3,;4f tan π<απα=-α时 当()3,;2f sin ππ<αα=α时 当()37,1;24f ππ<αα=-时当()72,,4f tan π<απα=α时 作出()f α的图像,如图所示:由图像要知,函数()y f =α的图像既没有对称轴,也没有对称中心.故选:C .三.解答题17.(1)(2)43,3⎧⎫-⎨⎬⎩⎭18.(1)(2)19.(1)80(2)220.(本题满分18分,第(1)题4分,第(2)题6分,第(3)题8分)在△ABC 中,120CAB ∠=︒.(1)如图1,若点P 为△ABC 的重心,试用AB 、AC 表示AP;(2)如图2,若点P 在以A 为圆心,AB 为半径的圆弧 BC 上运动(包含B 、C 两个端点),且1AB AC ==,设(),AP AB AC R =λ+μλμ∈,求λμ的取值范围;(3)如图3,若点P 为△ABC 外接圆的圆心,设(),AP m AB nAC m n R =+∈,求m n +的最小值.【答案】(1)1133AP AB AC =+ (2)[]01,(3)2【解析】(1)延长AO 交BC 于D ,则D 是BC 中点,所以()2211133233AP AD AB AC AB AC ==⋅+=+ (2)以A 为原点,建立如图所示坐标系,则()10B ,,1322C ,⎛⎫- ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭,设()P cos ,sin θθ,203,π⎡⎤θ∈⎢⎥⎣⎦,因为AP AB AC =λ+μ ,所以()()131022cos ,sin ,,⎛⎫θθ=λ+μ- ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭所以33233cos sin ⎧λ=θ+θ⎪⎪⎨⎪μ=θ⎪⎩,所以()22333231sin cos sin 2sin sin 21cos 2333333⎛⎫λμ=θθ+θ=θ+θ=θ+-θ ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭()1213sin 2cos 21sin 23363π⎛⎫=θ-θ++θ-+ ⎪⎝⎭因为203,π⎡⎤θ∈⎢⎥⎣⎦,所以72666,πππ⎡⎤θ-∈-⎢⎥⎣⎦,则[]21201;363sin ,π⎛⎫λμ=θ-+∈ ⎪⎝⎭(3)因为120CAB ∠= ,所以120CPB ∠= 由()AP m AB nAC m,n R =+∈ 可得()()AP m AP PC n AP PB =+++ 即()1m n AP mPC nPB --=+ ,平方可得()2222221m n AP m PC n PB --=+ 2mnPC PB+⋅即()222221||m n AP m PC n PB --=+ 2120mn PC PB cos +⋅所以()2221m n m n mn --=+-,整理可得3122mn m n +=+,由平行四边形法则可知1m n +>,令m n t +=,则21,13t mn t -=>,由基本不等式可得()24m n mn + ,即22134t t - ,解得2t 或23t ,所以2t ,则2m n + ,即m n +的最小值为2.21.【答案】(1)(2)(3)。
安徽省马鞍山市重点中学2022-2023学年度高一下学期期中考试数学试题及参考答案
马鞍山市重点中学2022-2023学年度高一第二学期期中考试数学试卷(时间:120分钟 满分:150分)注意事项:1.答卷前,考生务必将自己的姓名、班级和准考证号填涂在答题卡指定位置上。
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一、单选题(本大题共8个小题,每小题5分,共40分.在每小题给出的四个选项中,只有一项是符合题目要求的.) 1.复数12i z =-+,则z =( ) A .12i -B .12i +C .12i -+D .12i --2.已知向量(2,1)(2,4)a b ==-,,则( ) A .2B .3C .4D .5 3.已知边长为3的正方形ABCD ,点E 满足2DE EC =,则AE AC ⋅等于( ) A .6B .9C .12D .154.在△ABC 中,cos C =23,AC =4,BC =3,则cos B =( ) A .19B .13C .12D .235.一海轮从A 处出发,以每小时40海里的速度沿南偏东35︒的方向直线航行,30分钟后到达B 处,在C 处有一座灯塔,海轮在A 处观察灯塔,其方向是南偏东65︒,在B 处观察灯塔,其方向是北偏东70︒,那么B ,C 两点间的距离是( ) A .103海里 B .203海里 C .102 海里 D .202海里6.已知向量,若a 与a λb +的夹角为锐角,则实数λ的取值范围是( ) A .5,3⎛⎫-+∞ ⎪⎝⎭B .5,3⎛⎫-∞- ⎪⎝⎭C .5,3⎛⎫-∞ ⎪⎝⎭D .()5,00,3⎛⎫-⋃+∞ ⎪⎝⎭7.△ABC 的内角A ,B ,C 的对边分别为a ,b ,c ,已知a sin A -b sin B =4c sin C ,cos A =-14,则bc=( )A .6B .5C .4D .38.在矩形ABCD 中,1AB =,2AD =,动点P 在以点A 为圆心的单位圆上.若(),R AP AB AD λμλμ=+∈,则λμ+的最大值为( )A .3B .5C .52D .2二、多选题(本大题共4小题,每小题5分,共20分.在每小题给出的选项中,有多项符合题目要求.全部选对的得5分,部分选对的得2分,有选错的得0分.)9.已知向量()()()2,13,21,1a b c =-=-=,,,则( ) A .//a b B .()a b c +⊥ C .a b c +=D .53c a b =+10.若复数z 满足()12i 8i z -=-,则( ) A .z 的实部为2 B .z 的模为13C .z 的虚部为2D .z 在复平面内表示的点位于第四象限 11.在ABC 中,AB c =,BC a =,CA b =,下列命题为真命题的有( ) A .若a b >,则sin sin A B >B .若0a b ⋅>,则ABC 为锐角三角形 C .若0a b ⋅=,则ABC 为直角三角形D .若()()=0,则ABC 为直角三角形12.在锐角ABC 中,角A ,B ,C 所对边分别为a ,b ,c ,外接圆半径为R ,若3a =3A π=,则( )A .1R =B 32b <C .bc 的最大值为3D .223b c bc ++的取值范围为(]11,15三、填空题(本大题共4小题,每小题5分,共20分.请把答案填在答题卡的相应位置.)13.已知向量()()1,3,3,4a b ==,若()a b b λ-⊥,则λ=________.14.ABC 的内角A ,B ,C 的对边α,b ,c ,已知30B ︒=,3b =,3c =,则A =________. 15.某教师组织本班学生开展课外实地测量活动,如图是要测山高MN .现选择点A 和另一座山顶点C 作为测量观测点,从A 测得点M 的仰角45MAN ∠=︒,点C 的仰角30CAB ∠=︒,测得75MAC ∠=︒,60MCA ∠=︒,已知另一座山高400BC =米,则山高MN =_______米.16.记ABC 的内角A ,B ,C 的对边分别为a ,b ,c ,3cos 5A =,若ABC 的面积为2,则当ABC 的周长取到最小值时,ba=______.四、解答题(本大题共6小题,17题10分,18-22题每小题12分,共70分.解答题应写出文字说明、演算步骤或证明过程.解答写在答题卡上的指定区域内.) 17.已知()1,3A ,()2,2B -,()4,1C . (1)若AB CD =,求D 点的坐标;(2)设向量a AB =,b BC =,若ka b -与3a b +平行,求实数k 的值.18.已知:复数()22i1i 1iz =+++,其中i 为虚数单位. (1)求z 及z ;(2)若223i z az b ++=+,求实数,a b 的值.19.在ABC 中,sin 23sin C C =. (1)求C ∠;(2)若6b =,且ABC 的面积为63,求ABC 的周长.20.如图,已知ABC ∆中,D 为BC 的中点,12AE EC =,AD BE ,交于点F ,设AC a =,AD b =.(1)用,a b 分别表示向量AB ,EB ; (2)若AF t AD =,求实数t 的值.21.在ABC 中,3A π=,2b =,再从条件①、条件②这两个条件中选择一个作为已知,求(1)B 的大小; (2)ABC 的面积.条件①:2222b ac a c +=+;条件②:cos sin a B b A =.22.在锐角△ABC 中,23a =,(2)cos cos b c A a C -=, (1)求角A ;(2)求△ABC 的周长l 的范围.参考答案:1.D【分析】根据共轭复数的概念即可确定答案. 【详解】因为复数12i z =-+,则12i z =--, 故选:D 2.D【分析】先求得a b -,然后求得a b -.【详解】因为()()()2,12,44,3a b -=--=-,所以()22435-=+-=a b .故选:D 3.D【分析】数形结合知3AB AD ==,AB DC =,0AB AD ⋅=,2233DE DC AB ==,利用向量的加法法则及向量的数量积运算即可得解.【详解】方法一:因为四边形ABCD 为边长为3的正方形,所以3AB AD ==,AB DC =,0AB AD ⋅=,因为2DE EC =,所以2233DE DC AB ==, 则()()()()23AE AC AD DE AB AD AB AD AB AD ⋅=++=++ 2232215AB AB AD AD =⋅++=; 方法二:以D 为坐标原点建立如图所示直角坐标系,因为2DE EC =,所以点E 为线段DC 上靠近点C 的三等分点,则(0,0),(0,3),(3,0),(2,0)D A C E ,因为(2,3),(3,3)AE AC =-=-,所以6915AE AC ⋅=+=.故选:D【点睛】本题考查向量的线性运算及数量积,属于基础题. 4.A【分析】根据已知条件结合余弦定理求得AB ,再根据222cos 2AB BC AC B AB BC+-=⋅,即可求得答案.【详解】在ABC 中,2cos 3C =,4AC =,3BC = 根据余弦定理:2222cos AB AC BC AC BC C =+-⋅⋅ 2224322433AB =+-⨯⨯⨯可得29AB = ,即3AB = 由22299161cos22339AB BC AC B AB BC +-+-===⋅⨯⨯故1cos 9B =. 故选:A.【点睛】本题主要考查了余弦定理解三角形,考查了分析能力和计算能力,属于基础题. 5.C【分析】根据题意画出草图,确定BAC ∠、ABC ∠的值,进而可得到ACB ∠的值,根据正弦定理可得到BC 的值. 【详解】解:如图,由已知可得,30BAC ∠=︒,3570105ABC ∠=︒+︒=︒,140202AB =⨯=, 从而1801803010545ACB BAC ABC ∠=︒-∠-∠=︒-︒-︒=︒. 在ABC 中,由正弦定理sin sin BC ABBAC ACB=∠∠,可得1sin30sin 452AB BC =⨯︒==︒ 故选:C . 6.D【分析】根据向量夹角为锐角列出不等式组,求出λ的取值范围. 【详解】()()()1,2,1,2a b λλλλλ+=+=++, 由题意得:()()1220λλ+++>且212λλ++≠,解得:53λ>-且0λ≠,故选:D 7.A【分析】利用余弦定理推论得出a ,b ,c 关系,在结合正弦定理边角互换列出方程,解出结果.【详解】详解:由已知及正弦定理可得2224a b c -=,由余弦定理推论可得 22222141313cos ,,,464224242b c a c c c b A bc bc b c +---==∴=-∴=∴=⨯=,故选A . 【点睛】本题考查正弦定理及余弦定理推论的应用. 8.C【分析】构建直角坐标系,令(cos ,sin )AP θθ=,[0,2)θπ∈,根据向量线性关系的坐标表示列方程组得cos 2sin θμθλ=⎧⎨=⎩,结合辅助角公式、正弦函数性质求最值.【详解】构建如下直角坐标系:(0,1),(2,0)AB AD ==,令(cos ,sin )AP θθ=,[0,2)θπ∈,由(),R AP AB AD λμλμ=+∈可得:cos 2sin θμθλ=⎧⎨=⎩,则cos 5sin )2θλμθθϕ+=+=+且1tan 2ϕ=,所以当sin()1θϕ+=时,λμ+5. 故选:C 9.BD【分析】根据向量的平行与垂直坐标公式及加减运算对选项一一判断即可. 【详解】因为()()221310⨯--⨯-=≠,所以,a b 不平行,则A 错; 由()()()1,11,1110a b c +⋅=-⋅=-+=,所以()a b c +⊥,则B 正确; 由()1,1a b =-+,()1,1c =,故C 错;由()()53109,561,1a b c +=--+==,故D 正确. 故选:BD 10.AB【分析】化简复数后根据实部、虚部的概念可判断选项A 、C ,求出复数的模,可判断选项B ,根据复数的几何意义可判断选项D. 【详解】因为()()()()8i 12i 8i 1015i 23i 12i 12i 12i 5z -+-+====+--+, 所以z 的实部为2,z 的虚部为3,所以23||2313z =+=z 在复平面内表示的点位于第一象限故A 、B 正确,C ,D 错误. 故选:AB 11.ACD【分析】利用正弦定理判断选项A ,利用数量积的性质判断选项B 和C ,利用数量积的性质和余弦定理判断选项D .【详解】解:A :若a b >,由正弦定理得2sin 2sin R A R B >,sin sin A B ∴>,则 A 正确;B :若0a b ⋅>,则cos()0ACB π-∠>,cos 0ACB ∴∠<,即ACB ∠为钝角,ABC ∴为钝角三角形,故 B 错误;C :若0a b ⋅=,则AC BC ⊥,ABC ∴为直角三角形,故 C 正确;D :若()()0b c a b a c +-⋅+-=,则22()0b a c --=,2222a c b a c ∴+-=⋅,222cos 2a c b B a c+-=- ,由余弦定理知222cos 2a c b B a c+-=,cos cos B B ∴=-,则cos 0B =, (0,)B π∈,2B π∴=,ABC 为直角三角形,故 D 正确.故选:ACD . 12.ACD【分析】由正弦定理求外接圆半径;由题设知1sin (,1)2B ∈,结合2sin b R B =即可求范围;由余弦定理及基本不等式求bc 的最大值,注意取最大的条件;由C 分析有222234()9b c bc b c ++=+-,结合正弦定理边角关系及,B C 的范围,应用二倍角正余弦等恒等变换,根据三角函数的值域求范围. 【详解】由题设,外接圆直径为22sin aR A==,故1R =,A 正确; 锐角ABC 中3090B ︒<<︒,则1sin (,1)2B ∈,故2sin (1,2)b R B =∈,B 错误;22222313cos 12222b c a b c A bc bc bc+-+-===≥-,则3bc ≤,当且仅当b c ==C正确;由C 分析知:222234()9b c bc b c ++=+-,而2sin ,2sin b B c C ==,又2(,)362B C πππ=-∈且(,)62C ππ∈,则22224(sin sin )42(cos 2cos 2)b c B C B C +=+=-+=42cos[()()]2cos[()()]B C B C B C B C -++--+-- 44cos()cos()B C B C =-+-242cos(2)3C π=+-,而22(,)333C πππ-∈-, 所以21cos(2)(,1]32C π-∈,则242cos(2)(5,6]3C π+-∈, 所以223(11,15]b c bc ++∈,D 正确. 故选:ACD【点睛】关键点点睛:D 选项222234()9b c bc b c ++=+-,应用边角关系及角的范围,结合三角恒等变换将22b c +转化为三角函数性质求范围.13.35【分析】根据平面向量数量积的坐标表示以及向量的线性运算列出方程,即可解出. 【详解】因为()()()1,33,413,34a b λλλλ-=-=--,所以由()a b b λ-⊥可得, ()()3134340λλ-+-=,解得35λ=.故答案为:35.【点睛】本题解题关键是熟记平面向量数量积的坐标表示,设()()1122,,,a x y b x y ==,121200a b a b x x y y ⊥⇔⋅=⇔+=,注意与平面向量平行的坐标表示区分.14.90︒或30︒【解析】由正弦定理求A ,注意有两解.【详解】由正弦定理sin sin b c B C =得sin sin c B C b == 因为c b >,所以C B >,所以60C =︒或120°. A =90°或30°. 故答案为:90°或30°.【点睛】本题考查正弦定理,掌握正弦定理是解题关键.但要注意用正弦定理解三角形可能会有两解.15.【分析】在直角ABC 得AC ,在AMC 中,由正弦定理求得AM ,再在直角AMN 中,求得MN .【详解】显然MN 与CB 平行且与,,AN AB BN 都垂直,30CAB ∠=︒,则2800AC BC ==, AMC 中,180756045AMC ∠=︒-︒-︒=︒,由正弦定理sin sin AM AC ACM AMC =∠∠得800sin 60sin 45AM =︒︒,AM =又直角AMN 中,45MAN ∠=︒,所以MN AM =故答案为:16 【分析】根据给定条件,结合三角形面积定理、余弦定理求出周长的函数表达式,再借助函数性质、均值不等式计算作答. 【详解】由题意得4sin 5A =,因为1sin 22ABC S bc A ==,则5bc =,由余弦定理2223cos 25b c a A bc +-==,得22()16b c a +=+,即b c +=,则a b c a ++=而函数()f x x =()0,∞+上单调递增,即当a 最小时,ABC 的周长最小, 显然2216()420a b c bc +=+≥=,当且仅当b c =“=”,此时min 2a =,所以当ABC 的周长取到最小值时,b a =.17.(1)4(5,)D - (2)13k =-【分析】(1)根据题意设(,)D x y ,写出,C AB D 的坐标,根据向量相等的坐标关系求解; (2)直接根据向量共线的坐标公式求解即可.【详解】(1)设(,)D x y ,又因为()()()1,3,2,2,4,1A B C -,所以=(1,5),(4,1)AB CD x y -=--,因为=AB CD ,所以4115x y -=⎧⎨-=-⎩,得54x y =⎧⎨=-⎩, 所以4(5,)D -.(2)由题意得,(1,5)a =-,(2,3)b =,所以=(2,53)ka b k k ----,3(7,4)a b +=,因为ka b -与3a b +平行,所以4(2)7(53)0k k ----=,解得13k =-. 所以实数k 的值为13-.18.(1)13i z =+,z =(2)1a =,9b =【详解】(1)()()()()222i 1i 2i 1i 2i 2i i i 13i 1i 1i 1i z -=++=+=+-=+++-,则z (2)由(1)得:()()()()213i 13i 86i 3i 863i 23i a b a a b a b a ++-+=-++-+=+-+-=+, 82633a b a +-=⎧∴⎨-=⎩,解得:19a b =⎧⎨=⎩. 19.(1)6π (2)663【分析】(1)利用二倍角的正弦公式化简可得cos C 的值,结合角C 的取值范围可求得角C 的值;(2)利用三角形的面积公式可求得a 的值,由余弦定理可求得c 的值,即可求得ABC 的周长.【详解】(1)解:因为()0,C π∈,则sin 0C >2sin cos C C C =,可得cos C =,因此,6C π=. (2)解:由三角形的面积公式可得13sin 22ABC S ab C a ===,解得a =由余弦定理可得2222cos 48362612c a b ab C =+-=+-⨯=,c ∴=所以,ABC的周长为6a b c ++=.20.(1)2AB b a =-,423EB a b -+=;(2)12t =. 【解析】(1)根据向量线性运算,结合线段关系,即可用,a b 分别表示向量AB ,EB ; (2)用,a b 分别表示向量FB ,EB ,由平面向量共线基本定理,即可求得t 的值.【详解】(1)由题意,D 为BC 的中点,12AE EC =,可得13AE AC =,AC a =,AD b =. ∵2AB AC AD +=,∴2AB b a =-,∴–EB AB AE = 123b a a =-- 423a b =-+ (2)∵AD A tb F t ==,∴–FB AB AF =()2a t b =-+- ∵423EB a b -+=,FB ,EB 共线, 由平面向量共线基本定理可知满足12423t --=-, 解得12t =. 【点睛】本题考查了平面向量的线性运算,平面向量共线基本定理的应用,属于基础题. 21.选择见解析;(1)4B π=;(2【分析】选择条件①时:(1)利用余弦定理求出cos B 和B 的值;(2)由正弦定理求出a 的值,再利用三角形内角和定理求出sin C ,计算ABC 的面积.选择条件②时:(1)由正弦定理求出tan B 和B 的值;(2)由正弦定理求出a 的值,再利用三角形内角和定理求出sin C ,计算ABC 的面积.【详解】选择条件①:222b a c =+,(1)由222b a c =+,得222a c b +-=,所以222cos 2a c b B ac +-===; 又(0,)B π∈, 所以4B π=;(2)由正弦定理知sin sin a b A B =,所以sin sin b A a B==所以()1sin sin sin cos cos sin 2C A B A B A B =+=+==所以ABC 的面积为11sin 22ABC S ab C ==△. 选择条件②:cos sin a B b A =.(1)由正弦定理得sin sin a b A B=, 所以sin sin a B b A =;又cos sin a B b A =,所以sin cos B B =,所以tan 1B =;又(0,)B π∈, 所以4B π=;(2)由正弦定理知sin sin a b A B =,所以sin sin b A a B==所以()1sin sin sin cos cos sin 2C A B A B A B =+=+==所以ABC 的面积为11sin 22ABC S ab C ==△. 【点睛】方法点睛:(1)在解有关三角形的题目时,要有意识地考虑用哪个定理更适合,或是两个定理都要用,要抓住能够利用某个定理的信息,一般地,如果式子中含有角的余弦或边的二次式,要考虑用余弦定理;如果遇到的式子中含有角的正弦或边的一次式时,则考虑用正弦定理;以上特征都不明显时,则要考虑两个定理都有可能用到;(2)解题中注意三角形内角和定理的应用及角的范围限制.22.(1)3π.(2)(6+ 【分析】(1)根据正弦定理边化角以及两角和的正弦公式,可得1cos 2A =,可得3A π=; (2)利用正弦定理将l 表示为B 的函数,根据锐角三角形得B 的范围,再根据正弦函数的图象可得结果.【详解】(1)∵(2)cos cos b c A a C -=,2cos cos cos b A a C c A ∴=+,所以2sin cos sin cos sin cos B A A C C A =+,所以2sin cos sin()B A A C =+,所以2sin cos sin B A B =,因为sin 0B ≠,所以1cos 2A =, 0,2A π⎛⎫∈ ⎪⎝⎭,所以3A π=. (2)4sin a A ==, 所以4sin sin b c B C==,所以4sin b B =,24sin 4sin()3c C Bπ==-, 所以24sin 4sin()3l a b c B Bπ=++=+-6sinB B =+ )6B π=+ 因为△ABC 是锐角三角形,且3A π=,所以022032B B πππ⎧<<⎪⎪⎨⎪<-<⎪⎩,解得62B ππ<<, 所以2(,)633B πππ+∈,所以sin()6B π+∈, 所以(6l ∈+.【点睛】本题考查了正弦定理、两角和的正弦公式、锐角三角形的概念和正弦函数的图象的应用,属于中档题。
北京市2023-2024学年高一下学期期中考试数学试题含答案
北京2023—2024学年第二学期期中练习高一数学(答案在最后)2024.04说明:本试卷共4页,共120分.考试时长90分钟.一、选择题(本大题共10小题,每小题4分,共40分.在每小题给出的四个选项中,只有一项是符合题目要求的)1.sin120︒的值等于()A.12-B.12C.2D.2【答案】D 【解析】【分析】根据特殊角的三角函数值得到2,从而可求解.【详解】由题意可得sin1202︒=,故D 正确.故选:D.2.若角α的终边过点()4,3,则πsin 2α⎛⎫+= ⎪⎝⎭()A.45B.45-C.35D.35-【答案】A 【解析】【分析】根据余弦函数定义结合诱导公式计算求解即可.【详解】因为角α的终边过点()4,3,所以4cos 5α==,所以π4sin cos 25αα⎛⎫+== ⎪⎝⎭.故选:A3.已知扇形的弧长为4cm ,圆心角为2rad ,则此扇形的面积是()A.22cmB.24cm C.26cm D.28cm 【答案】B【解析】【分析】由条件结合弧长公式l R α=求出圆的半径,然后结合扇形的面积公式12S lR =可得答案.【详解】因为扇形的圆心角2rad α=,它所对的弧长4cm l =,所以根据弧长公式l R α=可得,圆的半径2R =,所以扇形的面积211424cm 22S lR ==⨯⨯=;故选:B .4.向量a ,b ,c在正方形网格中的位置如图所示,若向量c a b λ=+,则实数λ=()A.2-B.1-C.1D.2【答案】D 【解析】【分析】将3个向量的起点归于原点,根据题设得到它们的坐标,从而可求λ的值.【详解】如图,将,,a b c的起点平移到原点,则()()()1,1,0,1,2,1a b c ==-= ,由c a b λ=+可得()()()2,11,10,1λ=+-,解得2λ=,故选:D.5.下列四个函数中以π为最小正周期且为奇函数的是()A.()cos2f x x =B.()tan2x f x =C.()()tan f x x =- D.()sin f x x=【答案】C 【解析】【分析】根据三角函数的周期性和奇偶性对选项逐一分析,由此确定正确选项.【详解】对于A ,函数()cos2f x x =的最小正周期为π,因为()()()cos 2cos 2f x x x f x -=-==,所以()cos2f x x =为偶函数,A 错误,对于B ,函数()tan 2xf x =的最小正周期为2π,因为()()tan tan 22x x f x f x ⎛⎫-=-=-=- ⎪⎝⎭,所以函数()tan 2x f x =为奇函数,B 错误,对于C ,函数()()tan f x x =-的最小正周期为π,因为()()()tan tan f x x x f x -==--=-,所以函数()()tan f x x =-为奇函数,C 正确,对于D ,函数()sin f x x =的图象如下:所以函数()sin f x x =不是周期函数,且函数()sin f x x =为偶函数,D 错误,6.在ABC 中,4AB =,3AC =,且AB AC AB AC +=- ,则AB BC ⋅= ()A.16B.16- C.20D.20-【答案】B 【解析】【分析】将AB AC AB AC +=- 两边平方,即可得到0AB AC ⋅=,再由数量积的运算律计算可得.【详解】因为AB AC AB AC +=- ,所以()()22AB ACAB AC +=-,即222222AB AB AC AC AB AB AC AC +⋅+=-⋅+uu u r uu u r uuu r uuu r uu u r uu u r uuu r uuu r ,所以0AB AC ⋅= ,即AB AC ⊥ ,所以()220416AB BC AB AC AB AB AC AB ⋅=⋅-=⋅-=-=- .故选:B7.函数cos tan y x x =⋅在区间3,22ππ⎛⎫⎪⎝⎭上的图像为()A.B.C.D.【答案】C 【解析】【分析】分别讨论x 在3,,[,)22ππππ⎛⎫⎪⎝⎭上tan x 的符号,然后切化弦将函数化简,作出图像即可.【详解】因为3,22x ππ⎛⎫∈ ⎪⎝⎭,所以sin ,,23sin ,.2x x y x x πππ⎧-<<⎪⎪=⎨⎪≤<⎪⎩故选:C.8.已知函数()sin 24f x x π⎛⎫=+ ⎪⎝⎭,则“()ππ8k k α=+∈Z ”是“()f x α+是偶函数,且()f x α-是奇函数”的()A.充分而不必要条件B.必要而不充分条件C.充分必要条件D.既不充分也不必要条件【解析】【分析】首先求出()f x α+、()f x α-的解析式,再根据正弦函数的性质求出使()f x α+是偶函数且()f x α-是奇函数时α的取值,再根据充分条件、必要条件的定义判断即可.【详解】因为()sin 24f x x π⎛⎫=+⎪⎝⎭,则()sin 224f x x ααπ⎛⎫+=++ ⎪⎝⎭,()sin 224f x x ααπ⎛⎫-=-+ ⎪⎝⎭,若()f x α-是奇函数,则112π,Z 4k k απ-+=∈,解得11π,Z 82k k απ=-∈,若()f x α+是偶函数,则222π,Z 42k k αππ+=+∈,解得22π,Z 82k k απ=+∈,所以若()f x α+是偶函数且()f x α-是奇函数,则π,Z 82k k απ=+∈,所以由()ππ8k k α=+∈Z 推得出()f x α+是偶函数,且()f x α-是奇函数,故充分性成立;由()f x α+是偶函数,且()f x α-是奇函数推不出()ππ8k k α=+∈Z ,故必要性不成立,所以“()ππ8k k α=+∈Z ”是“()f x α+是偶函数,且()f x α-是奇函数”的充分不必要条件.故选:A9.已知向量,,a b c 共面,且均为单位向量,0a b ⋅= ,则a b c ++ 的最大值是()A.1+ B.C.D.1-【答案】A 【解析】【分析】根据题意,可设出向量,,a b c 的坐标,由于这三个向量都是单位向量,则向量,,a b c的终点都落在以坐标原点为圆心的单位圆上,作出示意图,由向量的性质可知,只有当c 与a b +同向时,a b c ++ 有最大值,求解即可.【详解】因为向量,,a b c 共面,且均为单位向量,0a b ⋅= ,可设()1,0a =,()0,1b = ,(),c x y = ,如图,所以2a b += ,当c 与a b +同向时,此时a b c ++ 有最大值,为21+.故选:A .10.窗花是贴在窗户玻璃上的贴纸,它是中国古老的传统民间艺术之一在2022年虎年新春来临之际,人们设计了一种由外围四个大小相等的半圆和中间正方形所构成的剪纸窗花(如图1).已知正方形ABCD 的边长为2,中心为O ,四个半圆的圆心均为正方形ABCD 各边的中点(如图2),若P 为 BC 的中点,则()PO PA PB ⋅+=()A .4B.6C.8D.10【答案】C 【解析】【分析】根据平面向量的线性运算将()PO PA PB ⋅+ 化为OA 、OB 、OP表示,再根据平面向量数量积的运算律可求出结果.【详解】依题意得||||2OA OB ==,||2OP =,3π4AOP =Ð,π4BOP =Ð,所以3π2||||cos 22(242OA OP OA OP ⋅=⋅=⨯-=- ,π2||||cos 22242OB OP OB OP ⋅=⋅=⨯= ,所以()PO PA PB ⋅+= ()OP OA OP OB OP -⋅-+- 22||OA OP OB OP OP =-⋅-⋅+ 222228=-+⨯=.故选:C二、填空题(本大题共5小题,每小题4分,共20分,把答案填在题中横线上)11.写出一个与向量()3,4a =-共线的单位向量_____________.【答案】34,55⎛⎫- ⎪⎝⎭(答案不唯一)【解析】【分析】先求出a r ,则aa±即为所求.【详解】5a ==所以与向量()3,4a =- 共线的单位向量为34,55⎛⎫- ⎪⎝⎭或34,55⎛⎫- ⎪⎝⎭.故答案为:34,55⎛⎫- ⎪⎝⎭(答案不唯一)12.已知函数()()sin 0,0,2πf x A x A ωϕωϕ⎛⎫=+>><⎪⎝⎭的部分图象如图,则π3f ⎛⎫= ⎪⎝⎭__________.【解析】【分析】根据图象可得函数()f x 的最大值,最小值,周期,由此可求,A ω,再由5π212f ⎛⎫=⎪⎝⎭求ϕ,由此求得的解析式,然后求得π3f ⎛⎫⎪⎝⎭.【详解】由图可知,函数()f x 的最大值为2,最小值为2-,35ππ3π41234T =+=,当5π12x =时,函数()f x 取最大值2,又()()sin 0,0,2πf x A x A ωϕωϕ⎛⎫=+>>< ⎪⎝⎭所以2A =,32π3π44ω⨯=,所以2ω=,所以()()2sin 2f x x ϕ=+,又5π212f ⎛⎫=⎪⎝⎭,所以5π5π2sin 2126f ϕ⎛⎫⎛⎫=+= ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭⎝⎭,由于πππ5π4π,22363ϕϕ-<<<+<,所以5πππ,623ϕϕ+==-,所以()π2sin 23f x x ⎛⎫=- ⎪⎝⎭,ππ2sin 33f ⎛⎫== ⎪⎝⎭.13.已知函数()()πsin 0,2f x x ωϕωϕ⎛⎫=+>< ⎪⎝⎭的图象过点10,2⎛⎫ ⎪⎝⎭,则ϕ=__________.,若将函数()f x 图象仅向左平移π4个单位长度和仅向右平移π2个单位长度都能得到同一个函数的图象,则ω的最小值为__________.【答案】①.π6##1π6②.83##223【解析】【分析】由条件列方程求ϕ,再利用平移变换分别得到变换后的函数解析式,并根据相位差为2π,Z k k ∈求解;【详解】因为函数()()sin f x x ωϕ=+的图象过点10,2⎛⎫ ⎪⎝⎭,所以1sin 2ϕ=,又π2ϕ<,所以π6ϕ=,函数()πsin 6f x x ω⎛⎫=+⎪⎝⎭(0ω>)的图象仅向左平移π4个单位长度得到函数ππππsin sin 4646y x x ωωω⎡⎛⎫⎤⎛⎫=++=++ ⎪ ⎢⎥⎝⎭⎦⎝⎭⎣的图象,函数()πsin 6f x x ω⎛⎫=+⎪⎝⎭(0ω>)的图象仅向右平移π2个单位长度得到ππππsin sin 2626y x x ωωω⎡⎤⎛⎫⎛⎫=-+=-+ ⎪ ⎪⎢⎥⎝⎭⎝⎭⎣⎦的图象,则ππππ2π4626k ωω⎛⎫⎛⎫+--+=⎪ ⎪⎝⎭⎝⎭(Z k ∈),化简得3π2π4k ω=(Z k ∈),解得83k ω=(Z k ∈),由于0ω>,所以当1k =时,ω取得最小值83,故答案为:π8,63.14.已知边长为2的菱形ABCD 中,π3DAB ∠=,点E 满足3BE EC = ,点F 为线段BD 上一动点,则AF BE ⋅的最大值为______.【答案】3【解析】【分析】建立如图平面直角坐标系,设BF BD λ= ,利用平面向量线性运算与数量积的坐标表示可得AF BE⋅关于λ的表达式,从而得解.【详解】如图,以A为原点建立平面直角坐标系,则(0,0),(2,0),A B C D ,因为3BE EC =,所以(33333,4444BE BC ⎛⎫=== ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭,由题意,设()01BF BD λλ=≤≤,则(()BF λλ=-=- ,则()()()2,02,AF AB BF λλ=+=+-=-,所以()3333324422AF BE λλ⋅=-+=+,因为01λ≤≤,所以当1λ=时,AF BE ⋅的最大值为3.故答案为:3.15.声音是由物体振动产生的声波.我们听到的每个音都是由纯音合成的,纯音的数学模型是函数sin y A t ω=.音有四要素,音调、响度、音长和音色.它们都与函数sin y A t ω=及其参数有关,比如:响度与振幅有关,振幅越大响度越大,振幅越小响度越小;音调与频率有关,频率低的声音低沉,频率高的声音尖锐.我们平时听到的乐音不只是一个音在响,而是许多音的结合,称为复合音.我们听到的声音对应的函数是111sin sin 2sin 3sin 4234y x x x x =++++⋯..给出下列四个结论:①函数1111sin sin 2sin 3sin 4sin1023410y x x x x x =++++⋯+不具有奇偶性;②函数()111sin sin2sin3sin4234f x x x x x =+++在区间ππ,88⎡⎤-⎢⎥⎣⎦上单调递增;③若某声音甲对应的函数近似为()11sin sin 2sin 323g x x x x =++,则声音甲的响度一定比纯音()1sin22h x x =的响度小;④若某声音乙对应的函数近似为()1sin sin 22x x x ϕ=+,则声音乙一定比纯音()1sin22h x x =更低沉.其中所有正确结论的序号是__________.【答案】②④【解析】【分析】对①,结合奇偶性的定义判断即可;对②,利用正弦型函数的单调性作出判断;对③,分别判断()(),g x h x 的振幅大小可得;对④,求出周期,可得频率,即可得出结论.【详解】对于①,令()1111sin sin2sin3sin4sin1023410F x x x x x x =++++⋯+,所以()()()()()()1111sin sin 2sin 3sin 4sin 1023410F x x x x x x -=-+-+-+-+⋯+-,所以()1111sin sin2sin3sin4sin1023410F x x x x x x -=-----⋅⋅⋅-,所以()()F x F x -=-,所以()F x 是奇函数,①错误;对于②,由ππ88x -≤≤可得,ππ244x -≤≤,3π3π388x -≤≤,ππ422x -≤≤,所以111sin ,sin2,sin3,234x x x x 都在ππ,88⎡⎤-⎢⎥⎣⎦上单调递增,所以()111sin sin2sin3sin4234f x x x x x =+++在ππ,88⎡⎤-⎢⎥⎣⎦上单调递增,所以函数()f x 在区间ππ,88⎡⎤-⎢⎥⎣⎦上单调递增,②正确;对于③.因为()11sin sin 2sin 323g x x x x =++,所以π223g ⎛⎫= ⎪⎝⎭,所以()max 23g x ≥,即()g x 的振幅比()1sin22h x x =的振幅大,所以声音甲的响度一定比纯音()1sin22h x x =的响度大,所以③错误;对于④,因为()()()()112πsin 2πsin 24πsin sin 222x x x x x x ϕϕ+=+++=+=,所以函数()x ϕ为周期函数,2π为其周期,若存在02πα<<,使()()x x ϕϕα=+恒成立,则必有()()0ϕϕα=,()()110sin 0sin 00sin sin 222ϕϕααα∴=+===+,()sin 1cos 0αα∴+=,因为02πα<<,πα∴=,又()()()11πsin πsin 2πsin sin 222x x x x x ϕ+=+++=-+与()1sin sin 22x x x ϕ=+不恒相等,所以函数()1sin sin22x x x ϕ=+的最小正周期是2π,所以频率1112πf T ==而()h x 的周期为π,频率21πf =,12f f <,所以声音乙一定比纯音()1sin22h x x =更低沉,所以④正确.故答案为:②④.三、解答题(本大题共5小题,共60分.解答应写出文字说明,证明过程或演算步骤)16.如图,在ABC 中,2BD DC = ,E 是AD 的中点,设AB a = ,AC b = .(1)试用a ,b 表示AD ,BE ;(2)若1a b == ,a 与b 的夹角为60︒,求AD BE ⋅ .【答案】(1)1233AD a b =+ ,5163BE a b =-+ (2)518-【解析】【分析】(1)利用向量加法减法的三角形法则及数乘运算即可求解;(2)根据(1)的结论,利用向量的数量积运算法则即可求解.【小问1详解】因为2BD DC = ,所以23BD BC = ,所以221)212(333333AB AC AB AB AC a b AD AB BD AB BC +-=+=+=+=+= .因为E 是AD 的中点,所以()11211()22323BE BA BD AB BC AB AC AB ⎛⎫=+=-+=-+- ⎪⎝⎭ 51516363AB AC a b =-+=-+ .【小问2详解】因为1a b == ,a 与b 的夹角为60︒,所以11cos ,1122a b a b a b ⋅==⨯⨯= ,由(1)知,1233AD a b =+ ,5163BE a b =-+ ,所以22125154233631899AD BE a b a b a a b b ⎛⎫⎛⎫⋅=+⋅-+=--⋅+ ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭⎝⎭541251892918=--⨯+=-.17.已知函数()π3sin 24f x x ⎛⎫=+⎪⎝⎭(1)求()f x 的最小正周期;(2)求函数()f x 的单调递增区间;(3)若函数()f x 在区间[]0,a 内只有一个零点,直接写出实数a 的取值范围.【答案】(1)()f x 的最小正周期为π,(2)函数()f x 的单调递增区间是3πππ,π88k k ⎡⎤-+⎢⎥⎣⎦()k ∈Z ;(3)a 的取值范围为3π7π,88⎡⎫⎪⎢⎣⎭.【解析】【分析】(1)根据正弦型函数的周期公式求解即可;(2)利用正弦函数的单调区间结论求解;(3)求出()0f x =的解后可得a 的范围.【小问1详解】因为()π3sin 24f x x ⎛⎫=+ ⎪⎝⎭,所以函数()f x 的最小正周期2ππ2T ==;【小问2详解】由πππ2π22π242k x k -≤+≤+,Z k ∈,可得3ππππ88k x k -≤≤+,Z k ∈,所以函数()f x 的单调递增区间是3πππ,π88k k ⎡⎤-+⎢⎥⎣⎦()k ∈Z ;【小问3详解】由π()3sin(204f x x =+=可得,π2π4x k +=,Z k ∈所以ππ28k x =-,Z k ∈,因为函数()f x 在区间[]0,a 上有且只有一个零点,所以3π7π88a ≤<,所以实数a 的取值范围为3π7π,88⎡⎫⎪⎢⎣⎭.18.已知()()()4,0,0,4,cos ,sin ,(0π)A B C ααα<<.(1)若OA OC += (O 为坐标原点),求OB 与OC 的夹角;(2)若⊥ AC BC ,求sin cos αα-的值.【答案】(1)OB 与OC 的夹角为π6,(2)sin cos 4αα-=【解析】【分析】(1)根据向量模长以及夹角的坐标公式计算即可;(2)由向量垂直得到数量积为0,进而得到1sin cos 4αα+=,通过平方得到2sin cos αα,进而可得()2sin cos αα-,再根据α的范围确定正负,开方得解.【小问1详解】因为()()()4,0,0,4,cos ,sin A B C αα,所以()()()4,0,0,4,cos ,sin OA OB OC αα=== ,所以()4cos ,sin OA OC αα+=+ ,由OA OC += ()224+cos sin 21αα+=,所以1cos 2α=,又0πα<<,,所以π3α=,13,22C ⎛⎫ ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭,设OB 与OC 的夹角为β()0πβ≤≤,则cos OB OC OB OC β⋅= 23342==,又0πβ≤≤,故OB 与OC 的夹角为π6,【小问2详解】由⊥ AC BC 得0AC BC ⋅= ,又()cos 4,sin AC αα=- ,()cos ,sin 4BC αα=- ,所以()()cos 4cos sin sin 40αααα-+-=,所以1sin cos 4αα+=,所以152sin cos 016αα-=<,又0πα<<,所以ππ2α<<,所以()21531sin cos 11616αα--=-=,所以sin cos 4αα-=.19.已知函数()()πsin 0,0,2f x A x A ωϕωϕ⎛⎫=+>><⎪⎝⎭,且()f x 图像的相邻两条对称轴之间的距离为π2,再从条件①、条件②、条件③中选择两个作为一组已知条件.(1)确定()f x 的解析式;(2)设函数()π24g x x ⎛⎫=+ ⎪⎝⎭,则是否存在实数m ,使得对于任意1π0,2x ⎡⎤∈⎢⎥⎣⎦,存在2π0,2x ⎡⎤∈⎢⎥⎣⎦,()()12m g x f x =-成立?若存在,求实数m 的取值范围:若不存在,请说明理由.条件①:()f x 的最小值为2-;条件②:()f x 图像的一个对称中心为5π,012⎛⎫ ⎪⎝⎭;条件③:()f x 的图像经过点5π,16⎛⎫- ⎪⎝⎭.注:如果选择多组条件分别解答,按第一个解答计分.【答案】(1)选①②,②③,①③答案都为()2sin(2)6f x x π=+,(2)存在m 满足条件,m 的取值范围为2,0⎤⎦.【解析】【分析】(1)先根据已知求出()f x 的最小正周期,即可求解ω,选条件①②:可得()f x 的最小值为A -,可求A .根据对称中心可求ϕ,即可得解函数解析式;选条件①③:可得()f x 的最小值为A -,可求A .根据函数()f x 的图象过点5π,16⎛⎫⎪⎝⎭,可求ϕ,可得函数解析式;选条件②③:根据对称中心可求ϕ,再根据函数()f x 的图象过点5π,16⎛⎫⎪⎝⎭,可求A 的值,即可得解函数解析式.(2)求出函数()f x ,()g x 在π0,2⎡⎤⎢⎥⎣⎦上的值域,再结合恒成立、能成立列式求解作答.【小问1详解】由于函数()f x 图像上两相邻对称轴之间的距离为π2,所以()f x 的最小正周期π2π2T =⨯=,所以2π2T ω==,此时()()sin 2f x A x ϕ=+.选条件①②:因为()f x 的最小值为A -,所以2A =.因为()f x 图象的一个对称中心为5π,012⎛⎫⎪⎝⎭,所以5π2π(Z)12k k ϕ⨯+=∈,所以56k ϕπ=π-,()k ∈Z ,因为||2ϕπ<,所以π6ϕ=,此时1k =,所以()2sin(2)6f x x π=+.选条件①③:因为()f x 的最小值为A -,所以2A =.因为函数()f x 的图象过点5π,16⎛⎫-⎪⎝⎭,则5π()16f =-,所以5π2sin()13ϕ+=-,即5π1sin()32ϕ+=-.因为||2ϕπ<,所以7π5π13π636ϕ<+<,所以5π11π36ϕ+=,所以π6ϕ=,所以()2sin(2)6f x x π=+.选条件②③:因为函数()f x 的一个对称中心为5π,012⎛⎫⎪⎝⎭,所以5π2π(Z)12k k ϕ⨯+=∈,所以5ππ(Z)6k k ϕ=-∈.因为||2ϕπ<,所以π6ϕ=,此时1k =.所以π()sin(26f x A x =+.因为函数()f x 的图象过点5π,16⎛⎫-⎪⎝⎭,所以5π(16f =-,所以5ππsin 136A ⎛⎫+=-⎪⎝⎭,11πsin 16A =-,所以2A =,所以()2sin(2)6f x x π=+.综上,不论选哪两个条件,()2sin(2)6f x x π=+.【小问2详解】由(1)知,()2sin(2)6f x x π=+,由20,2x π⎡⎤∈⎢⎥⎣⎦得:2ππ7π2,666x ⎡⎤+∈⎢⎥⎣⎦,2π1sin 2,162x ⎛⎫⎡⎤+∈- ⎪⎢⎥⎝⎭⎣⎦,因此[]2()1,2f x ∈-,由10,2x π⎡⎤∈⎢⎥⎣⎦得:1ππ5π2,444x ⎡⎤+∈⎢⎥⎣⎦,1πsin 2,142x ⎡⎤⎛⎫+∈-⎢⎥ ⎪⎝⎭⎣⎦,因此1()g x ⎡∈-⎣,从而1()1,g x m m m ⎡-∈---+⎣,由()()12m g x f x =-得:()()21f x g x m =-,假定存在实数m ,使得对1π0,2x ⎡⎤∀∈⎢⎥⎣⎦,2π0,2x ⎡⎤∃∈⎢⎥⎣⎦,()()12m g x f x =-成立,即存在实数m ,使得对1π0,2x ⎡⎤∀∈⎢⎥⎣⎦,2π0,2x ⎡⎤∃∈⎢⎥⎣⎦,()()21f x g x m =-成立,则[]1,1,2m m ⎡---+⊆-⎣,于是得112m m --≥-⎧⎪⎨-+≤⎪⎩,解得20m -≤≤,因此存在实数m ,使得对1π0,2x ⎡⎤∀∈⎢⎥⎣⎦,2π0,2x ⎡⎤∃∈⎢⎥⎣⎦,()()12m g x f x =-成立,所以实数m的取值范围是2,0⎤⎦.20.对于定义在R 上的函数()f x 和正实数T 若对任意x ∈R ,有()()f x T f x T +-=,则()f x 为T -阶梯函数.(1)分别判断下列函数是否为1-阶梯函数(直接写出结论):①()2f x x =;②()1f x x =+.(2)若()sin f x x x =+为T -阶梯函数,求T 的所有可能取值;(3)已知()f x 为T -阶梯函数,满足:()f x 在,2T T ⎡⎤⎢⎥⎣⎦上单调递减,且对任意x ∈R ,有()()2f T x f x T x --=-.若函数()()F x f x ax b =--有无穷多个零点,记其中正的零点从小到大依次为123,,,x x x ⋅⋅⋅;若1a =时,证明:存在b ∈R ,使得()F x 在[]0,2023T 上有4046个零点,且213240464045x x x x x x -=-=⋅⋅⋅=-.【答案】(1)①否;②是(2)2πT k =,*k ∈N (3)证明见解析【解析】【分析】(1)利用T -阶梯函数的定义进行检验即可判断;(2)利用T -阶梯函数的定义,结合正弦函数的性质即可得解;(3)根据题意得到()()F x T F x +=,()()F T x F x -=,从而取3344TT b f ⎛⎫=- ⎪⎝⎭,结合零点存在定理可知()F x 在(),1mT m T +⎡⎤⎣⎦上有且仅有两个零点:4T mT +,34T mT +,从而得解.【小问1详解】()2f x x =,则22(1)()(1)211f x f x x x x +-=+-=+≠;()1f x x =+,则(1)()11f x f x x x +-=+-=,故①否;②是.【小问2详解】因为()f x 为T -阶梯函数,所以对任意x ∈R 有:()()()()()sin sin sin sin f x T f x x T x T x x x T x T T +-=+++-+=+-+=⎡⎤⎣⎦.所以对任意x ∈R ,()sin sin x T x +=,因为sin y x =是最小正周期为2π的周期函数,又因为0T >,所以2πT k =,*k ∈N .【小问3详解】因为1a =,所以函数()()F x f x x b =--,则()()()()()()()F x T f x T x T b f x T x T b f x x b F x +=+-+-=+-+-=--=,()()()()()()()2F T x f T x T x b f x T x T x b f x x b F x -=----=+----=--=.取3344TT b f ⎛⎫=- ⎪⎝⎭,则有3330444TT T F f b ⎛⎫⎛⎫=--= ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭⎝⎭,30444T T T F F T F ⎛⎫⎛⎫⎛⎫=-== ⎪ ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭⎝⎭⎝⎭,由于()f x 在,2T T ⎡⎤⎢⎥⎣⎦上单调递减,因此()()F x f x x b =--在,2T T ⎡⎤⎢⎥⎣⎦上单调递减,结合()()F T x F x -=,则有()F x 在0,2T ⎡⎤⎢⎥⎣⎦上有唯一零点4T ,在,2T T ⎡⎤⎢⎥⎣⎦上有唯一零点34T .又由于()()F x T F x +=,则对任意k ∈Ζ,有044T T F kT F ⎛⎫⎛⎫+== ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭⎝⎭,33044T T F kT F ⎛⎫⎛⎫+== ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭⎝⎭,因此,对任意m ∈Z ,()F x 在(),1mT m T +⎡⎤⎣⎦上有且仅有两个零点:4T mT +,34T mT +.综上所述,存在3344TT b f ⎛⎫=- ⎪⎝⎭,使得()F x 在[]0,2023T 上有4046个零点,且14T x =,234T x =,354T x =,474T x =,L ,404580894T x =,404680914T x =,其中,2132404640452T x x x x x x -=-=⋅⋅⋅=-=.【点睛】关键点睛:本题解决的关键是充分理解新定义T -阶梯函数,从而在第3小问推得()()F x T F x +=,()()F T x F x -=,由此得解.。
广东省深圳市2022-2023学年高一下学期期中生物试题
A.一条染色单体上有一个或两个DNA
B.姐妹染色单体在减数第一次分裂后期发生在姐妹染色单体之间
18.若果蝇体内正常分裂的细胞中同源染色体、染色单体、染色体、DNA分子的数量比为0:0:1:1,则该细胞所处的时期可能是()
B.性别受性染色体控制而与基因无关
C.性染色体在所有细胞中成对存在
D.女儿的性染色体必有一条来自父亲
29.果蝇白眼为伴X染色体隐性遗传,红眼为显性性状。下列哪组杂交子代中,通过眼色就可直接判断果蝇的性别()
A.白♀×白♂B.杂合红♀×红♂C.白♀×红♂D.杂合红♀×白♂
30.果蝇的某对相对性状由等位基因G、g控制,其中某个基因纯合时会致死。用一对表现型不同的果蝇进行交配,得到的子一代果蝇中雌:雄=2:1,且雌蝇有两种表现型。据此可推测,雌蝇中这对等位基因()
A.位于常染色体上,G基因纯合时致死
B.位于常染色体上,g基因纯合时致死
C.位于X染色体上,g基因纯合时致死
D.位于X染色体上,G基因纯合时致死
31.下图是A、B两个家庭的色盲遗传系谱图,这两个家庭由于某种原因调换了一个孩子,请确定调换的两个孩子是()
A.1和3B.2和6C.2和5D.2和4
32.芦花鸡为ZW型性别决定,人类为XY型性别决定,则伴Z染色体或伴X染色体上的纯合致死基因对于性别的影响是( )
(2)让第1组F2的所有个体再进行自交,产生的后代表现型及比例应为。
(3)第2组F2中蓝花个体的基因型是。
(4)从第2组的F2中取一蓝花植株,请你设计实验,用最简便的方法来鉴定该植株的基因型(简要回答设计思路即可):。
参考答案
1.C
【详解】A、光学显微镜下可以观察到染色体,A错误;
广东省深圳市深圳高级中学高一下学期期中考试英语试题(原卷版)
6.What made the chick calm down?
A.A new nest.
B.Some food.
C.A recording.
D.Its parents.
7.How would the author feel about the oute of the event?
A nervous night to be sure, but sometimes the spirits of nature smile on us all! The homeowner called to say that the parents had responded to the recordings. I drove over and saw the chick in the nest looking healthy and active. And it was acpanied in the nest by the greatest sight of all — LUNCH! The parents had done their duty and would probably continue to do so.
Speaking Broadly
This podcast is made for advanced learners. Explained through discussion and interviews, each episode has nonnative English speakers and every recording also has expert feedback. You will see some mon mistakes made by English learners and you can improve your English by learning from those mistakes.
江苏省泰州市姜堰区2023-2024学年高一下学期4月期中英语试题
2023~2024学年度第二学期期中考试高一英语试题(考试时间:120分钟;总分:150分)注意事项:1.答卷前,考生务必将自己的姓名、考试号等填写在答题卡指定位置上。
2.回答选择题时,选出每小题答案后,用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。
如需改动,用橡皮擦干净后,再选涂其他答案标号。
回答非选择题时,将答案写在答题卡上。
写在本试卷上无效。
3.考试结束后,将答题卡交回。
第一部分听力(共两节,满分30分)做题时,先将答案标在试卷上。
录音内容结束后,你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题纸上。
第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分,满分7.5分)听下面5段对话。
每段对话后有一个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。
听完每段对话后,你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。
每段对话仅读一遍。
1.How does the man usually get to his office?A.By bus. B.By bicycle. C.On foot.2.What is the normal price of the T-shirt?A.$15. B.$30. C.$50.3.Where is the blue T-shirt?A.In the drawer. B.In the cupboard. C.In the washing machine.4.What did the woman notice about the man?A.He was unpleasant. B.He was unsure. C.He was helpful.5.What is the relationship between the speakers?A.Friends. B.Security guard and driver. C.Salesman and customer.第二节(共15小题,每小题1.5分,满分22.5分)听下面5段对话或读白。
广东省茂名市电白区2023—2024学年下学期高一期中语文考试卷(含解析)
2023~2024学年度第二学期期中考试高一语文参考答案1.B 【解析】:B选项“它们通过切、划、淡、化等衔接方式组成了电影”中的“它们”指代范围缩小,原文是“这些镜头”,“这些镜头”包括“远景”“近景和特写”。
2.C 【解析】:张冠李戴,“电影艺术的完整性建立在拍摄对象时空结构的统一性上”是安德烈·巴赞提出的观点,而非《电影语言的语法》的作者提出的观点。
3.A 【解析】:B项,“采用平行叙述的方式”,可见电影《封神》采用平行蒙太奇;C项,“将其白天循规蹈矩的片段和晚上偷练武功的镜头交叉在一起”,可见电影《卧虎藏龙》采用交叉蒙太奇;D项,“通过画面的变化与组合来创造意境,从而获得充满诗意的效果”,可见电影《爱乐之城》采用抒情蒙太奇;A项,陈述了《夏洛特烦恼》的故事梗概,并没有将画面进行剪辑和拼接。
4.D 【解析】:D项,文章最后写到“电影用技术手段解决了现代戏剧时空处理的难题。
”选项已然变成未然。
5.①在呈现《雷雨》富有戏剧性的故事的基础上,还要以银幕画面的形式表现艺术家(导演)的人生感悟。
②利用电影蒙太奇手法,采用不同的镜头剪辑和组合画面,使电影《雷雨》既有庞大的场景,也有展现人物细节的近景与特写,更富有艺术感。
【解析:结合材料分析,材料的第一部分在讲述戏剧和电影的相通性,电影需要保证其戏剧的内核,展现艺术家关于人生的独特思考;第二部分着重分析了电影蒙太奇手法的构成,可以通过蒙太奇的手法展现电影艺术。
】(评分细则:答出一点给2分,2点给5分,若有其他答案,言之有理,可酌情给分。
)6. D 第四章主要通过神态描写、语言描写来推动情节发展。
7.B A周仆园更看重繁漪做好榜样,顺带关心繁漪。
C“倨傲地”这时繁漪并不知道周萍和四凤是亲兄妹。
D周萍不肯承认是因为他不愿接受和四凤是亲兄妹这个事实。
8.①天真浪漫,对理想和未来充满希望和幻想,认为人生而平等。
他把四凤当家人看而不是仆人,他幻想和四凤生活在一个美丽的真世界;②对现实生活和封建家庭愚昧思想充满厌恶和反抗,喝药片段他“反抗”父亲的要求。
山东省聊城市聊城一中2023-2024学年下学期期中考试高一数学试题(含答案)
2023-2024学年第二学期期中考试高一数学试题时间:120分钟分值:150分第Ⅰ卷(58分)一、单选题本大题共8小题,每小题5分,共40分.在每小题给出的四个选项中;只有一个选项符合题目要求.1.若复数是纯虚数,则的共轪复数( )A .B .C .D .12.如图所示的中,点是线段上犁近的三等分点,点是线段的中点,则()A .B .C .D .3.如下图;正方形的边长为.它是水平放罝的一个平面图形的直观图,则图形的周长是()A .B .C .D .4.已知是两个不共线的向量,.若与是共线向量,实数的值为( )A .B .C .D .5.在等腰中,平分且与相交于点,则向量在上的投影向量为()A.B .CD6.下列命题正确的是()A .若是两条直线,是两个平面,且,则是异面直线()i1ia z a -=∈+R z z =1-i-iABC △D AC A E AB DE =1136BA BC--1163BA BC--5163BA BC--5163BA BC-+O A B C ''''2cm 16cm 8cm 4+12,e e 12122,2e e b e e a k =-=+ a bk 6-5-4-3-ABC △120,BAC AD ∠=︒BAC ∠BC D BD BA32BA34BABA a b 、,αβ,a b αβ⊂⊂a b 、B .四边形可以确定一个甲面C .已知两条相交直线,且平面,则与的位置关系是相交D .两两相交且不共点的三条直线确定一个平面7.已知点在所在平面内,且,,则点依次是的( )A .重心、外心、垂心B .重心、外心、内心C .外心、重心、垂心D .外心、重心、内心8.如图,在中,已知边上的两条中线相交于点,求的余弦值.()二、多选题本题共3小题,每小题6分,共18分.在每小题给出的选项中,有多项符合题目要求.全部选对的得6分,部分选对的得部分分,有选错的得0分.9.(多选)中,根据下列条件解三角形,其中有一解的是( )A .B .C .D .10.如图,透明望料制成的长方体内灌进一些水,固定容器底面一边于水平地面上,再将容器倾斜,随着倾斜度不同,其中正确的命题的是()A .没有水的部分始终呈棱柱形;B .水面所在四边形的面积为定值;C .棱始终与水面所在平面平行;D .当容器倾斜如图(3)所示时,是定值.11.《数书九章》是南宋时期杰出数学家秦九韶的著作,全书十八卷,共八十一个问题,分为九类,每类九个问题,《数书九章》中记录了秦九韶的许多创造性成就,其中在卷五“三斜求积术”中提出了已知三角形三边a b 、a ∥αb αO N P 、、ABC △,0OA OBOC NA NB NC ==++=PA PB PB PC PC PA ⋅=⋅=⋅O N P 、、ABC △ABC △2,5,60,,AB AC BAC BC AC ==∠=︒,AM BM P MPN ∠ABC △7,3,30b c c ===︒5,4,45b c B ===︒6,60a b B ===︒20,30,30a b A ===︒1111ABCD A B C D -BC EFGH 11A D BE BF ⋅,求面积的公式,这与古希腊的海伦公式完全等价,其求法是:“以少广求之,以小斜幂并大斜幂减中斜幂,余半之,自乘于上;以小斜幂乘大斜幂减上,余四约之,为实:一为从隅,开平方得积.”若把以上这段文字写成公式,即.现有满足的面积)A .的周长为B .三个内角满足C .D .的中线的长为三、填空题本题共3小题,每小题5分,共15分.12.已知点,向旦,点是线段的三等分点,求点的坐标________.13.如图是一个正方体的展开图,如果将它还原为正方体,那么在这四条线段中,有________对异面直线?14.如下图,在中,点是的中点,过点的直线分别交直线于不同的两点M ,N .设,则________.四、解答题本题共5小题,共77分.解答应写出文字说明、证明过程或演算步骤.15.(13分)如图,圆锥的底面直径和高均是,过的中点作平行于底面的截面,以该截面为底面挖去一个圆柱,求剩下几何体的表面积和体积.,,a b c S =ABC △sin :sin :sin 2:3:A B C =ABC △S =ABC △10+ABC △,,A B C 2C A B=+ABC △ABC △CD ()0,0O ()()2,3,6,3O OA B ==-P AB P ,,,AB CD EF GH ABC △O BC O ,AB AC ,AB mAM AC nAN ==m n +=PO a PO O '16.(15分)在复平面内,点对应的复数分别是(其中是虚数单位),设向量对应的复数为.(1)求复数;(2)求;(3)若,且是纯虚数,求实数的值.17.(15分)如图,是海面上位于东西方向相距海里的两个观测点,现位于点北偏东点北偏西的点有一艘轮船发出求救信号,位于点南偏西且与点相距海里的点的救援船立即前往营救,其航行速度为30海里/小时,试求:(1)轮船D 与观测点B 的距离;(2)救援船到达D点所需要的时间.18.(17分)在等腰梯形中,,动点分别在线段和上(不包含端点),和交于点,且.(1)用向量,表示向量;(2)求的取值范围;(3)是否存在点,使得.若存在,求;若不存在,说明理由.19.(17分)“费马点”是由十七世纪法国数学家费马提出并征解的一个问题.该问题是:“在一个三角形内求作一点,使其与此三角形的三个顶点的距离之和最小.”意大利数学家托里拆利给出了解答,当的,A B 23i,12i ++i BAz z 2z z z +⋅1i z m =+1z zm A B 、(53+A 45,B ︒60︒D B 60︒B C ABCD ,60,1,2,3AB DC DAB CD AD AB ∠=︒===∥,E F BC DC AE BD μ(),1BC D BE DC F λλ=⋅=- AB AD ,AE AF 2AE AF +E 8AM DM BM EM =λABC △三个内角均小于120°时,使得的点O 即为费马点,当有一个内角大于或等于时,最大内角的顶点为费马点.试用以上知识解决下面问题:已知的内角所对的边分别为,且.(1)求;(2)若,设点为的费马点,求;(3)设点为的费马点,,求实数的最小值.2023-2024学年第二学期期中考试高一数学试题参考答案一、单选题1.C 2.B 3.A 4.C 5.B 6.D 7.C 8.B 二、多选题9.BC 10.ACD 11.ABC三、填空题12.或 13.3 14.2四、解答题15.解:(由于是的中点,所以圆杜的高,且圆柱的底面半径为圆锥的体积为,圆柱的体积为,所以剩下几何体的体积为.剩下部分的表面积等于圆锥的面积加上圆柱的侧面积,即.(3部分面积分值分别为2、2、3分)16.解:(1)因为点对应的复数分别是,所以,所以,故.(2)因为,所以.120AOB BOC COA ∠=∠=∠=︒ABC △120︒ABC △,,A B C ,,a b c cos2cos2cos21B C A +-=A2bc =P ABC △PA PB PB PC PC PA ⋅+⋅+⋅ P ABC △PB PC t PA +=t 14,13⎛⎫- ⎪⎝⎭10,13⎛⎫⎪⎝⎭O 'PO 12OO a '=4a231ππ3212a a a⎛⎫⨯⨯⨯=⎪⎝⎭231ππ4232a a a ⎛⎫⨯⨯= ⎪⎝⎭33ππ5π123296a a ⎛⎫-=⎪⎝⎭2ππ2π2242a a a a ⎛⎫⨯+⨯+⨯⨯= ⎪⎝⎭,A B 23i,12i ++()()2,3,1,2A B ()1,1BA =1i z =+1i z =+()()222(1i)1i 1i 2i 1i 22i z z z +⋅=+++-=+-=+==(3)因为,所以,由是纯虚数,可知且,解得.17.解:(1)由在的北偏东,在的北偏西,,由正弦定理得,又,代入上式得:,答:轮船与观测点的距离为海里;(2)中,海里,海里,,,,解得海里,(小时),答:救援船到达D 所需的时间为1小时.18.解(1)因为,所以.又.(2),因为,所以1i z m =+()()()()()1i 1i 11i i 11i 1i 1i 1i 222m m m z m m mz +-++-++-====+++-1z z 102m +=102m -≠1m =-D A 45︒B 60︒45,30,105DAB DBA ADB ∴∠=︒∠=︒∴∠=︒,sin sin sin 45AB BD BD ADB DAB ==∠∠︒()sin105sin 4560sin 45cos60cos45sin 660︒=︒+︒=︒︒+︒︒=BD =D B BCD △BD =BC =60DBC ∠=︒22212cos60300120022DC BD BC BD BC ∴=+-⨯⨯︒=+-⨯⨯2900DC ∴=30DC =30130t ∴==()1233BE BC BA A AD D DC AB AD AB AB λλλλλ⎛⎫==++=-++=-+ ⎪⎝⎭213AE AB BE AB AD λλ⎛⎫=+=-+ ⎪⎝⎭()113AF A AD DF AD DC AB D λλ-=+=+-=+()542233A AE F AB AD λλ⎛⎫+=-++ ⎪⎝⎭3,2,32cos603AB AD AB AD ==⋅=⨯⨯︒=()()22222254545422(2)22333333AE AF AB AB AD AD AB ADλλλλλλ⎡⎤⎛⎫⎛⎫⎛⎫+=-++=-+++-+⋅ ⎪ ⎪ ⎪⎢⎥⎝⎭⎝⎭⎝⎭⎣⎦.因为动点分别在线段和上゙且不包含端点,所以,所以所以的取值范围是.(3)设,其中,则,因为,由平面向量基本定理,得解得,由,得,故,所以,解得,或.因为,所以.19.解:(1)由已知中,即,故,由正弦定理可得,故直角三角形,即;(2)由(1)可得,所以三角形的三个角都小于,则由费马点定义可知:()2254549624(2)3333λλλλ⎛⎫⎛⎫=-+-+++ ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭⎝⎭2251691230611244λλλ⎛⎫=-+=-+ ⎪⎝⎭,E F BC DC 01λ<<24322AE AF AF <+<+<2A A E F +,tME B M D M M s A ==,0s t >()1111s s s s AB BM AB BD AB AD AB AB AD s s sM s A =+=+=+-=+++++ 21113t t AE AB AD t A t M λ⎡⎤⎛⎫==-+ ⎪⎢⎥++⎝⎭⎣⎦121,113.11t s t s t s tλλ⎧⎛⎫=- ⎪⎪⎪++⎝⎭⎨⎪=⎪++⎩3,323.s t λλλ⎧=⎪⎪-⎨⎪=⎪⎩8AM DM BM EM = 8AM DM t ME DM s MD EM ==8t s =33832λλλ=-12λ=34-01λ<<12λ=ABC △cos2cos2cos21B C A +-=22212sin 12sin 12sin 1B C A -+--+=222sin sin sin A B C =+222a b c =+ABC △π2A =π2A =ABC 120︒,设,由,得,整理得,则;(3)点为的费马点,则,设,则由,得:由余弦定理得,,,故由,得.即,而,故,当且仅当,结合,解得时,等号成立.又,即有,解得(舍去).故实数的最小值为120APB BPC APC∠=∠=∠=︒,,PA x PB y PC z===APB BPC APC ABCS S S S++=△△△△111122222xy yz xz++=⨯xy yz xz++=11112222PA PB PB PC PA PC xy yz xz⎛⎫⎛⎫⎛⎫⋅+⋅+⋅=⋅-+⋅-+⋅-=-=⎪ ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭⎝⎭⎝⎭P ABC△2π3APB BPC CPA∠=∠=∠=,,,0,0,0PB m PA PC n PA PA x m n x===>>>PB PC t PA+=m n t+=()22222222π||2cos13AB x m x mx m m x=+-=++()22222222π||2cos13AC x n x nx n n x=+-=++()2222222222π||2cos3BC m x n x mnx m n mn x=+-=++222AC AB BC+=()()()222222211n n x m m x m n mn x+++++=++2m n mn++=0,0m n>>222m nm n mn+⎛⎫++=≤ ⎪⎝⎭m n=2m n mn++=1m n==+m n t+=2480t t--≥2t≥+2t≤-t2。
广东省深圳市高级中学2023-2024学年高一下学期期中英语试题
深圳高级中学(集团)2023-2024学年第二学期期中测试高一英语2024.4试卷共11页,卷面满分150分。
考试用时120分钟。
注意事项:1.答题前,考生将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。
2.回答选择题时,选出每小题答案后,用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。
如需改动,用橡皮擦干净后,再选涂其它答案标号。
3.回答非选择题时,将答案写在答题卡上,写在本试卷上无效。
4.考试结束后,监考人员将答题卡按座位号、页码顺序收回。
第一部分阅读理解(共15小题;每小题2.5分,满分37.5分)阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出最佳选项。
ABoat Rentals in VancouverGranville Island Boat Rentals, located in the heart of down town Vancouver, features the safest and most advanced lineup of boat rentals in Vancouver. It has served over half a million customers since it began renting boats in 1982.While exploring the sites Vancouver has offered, you can't miss observing wildlife like seals (海豹), bald(秃的)eagles, sea birds along the way. Besides these, what sets us apart is the extensive selection of boat rentals weprovide, varying from different models, capacities to reasonable prices.Boats in rentalGuest Comments"…Thanks for the awesome instructions and patience. We had a great time! My 7 yr. old spotted a seal! Myhusband received a gift certificate for his 40th birthday…brilliant idea!…"—Sarah, Delta, Canada "…Great experience! The nicest, most friendly staff I've ever met in Canada. The boat was nice and handledwell. The price was very reasonable. Great way to get a different view of Vancouver. An absolute must try. Thanks guys!…"—Morten Bothmann, Copenhagen, Denmark1. What is the biggest advantage of Granville Island Boat Rentals?A. Offering various boat rentals.B. Taking tourists to different sites.C. Ensuring the highest level of safety.D. Guiding visitors in wildlife observation.2. How much does it cost to rent a boat accommodating 8 people for 5 hours on weekend?A. $ 350.B. $ 500.C. $ 700.D. $ 675.3. What do Sara's and Morten's opinions have in common?A. Easily-controlled equipment.B. Well-received service.C. Reasonable boat rental price.D. Breathtaking scenery.BWhen Belquer first joined a team to make a better live music experience for deaf and hard-of-hearing people, he was struck by how they had developed more solutions to enjoy concerts. "What they were doing at the time was holding balloons to feel the vibrations(震动)through theirfingers," Belquer said. He thought the team could make something to help hard-of-hearing people enjoy live music even more with the technology now available.Belquer, who is also a musician and theater artist, is now the "Chief Vibration Officer" of Music: Not Impossible, which uses new technology to address social issues like poverty and disability access. His team started by tying different vibrating cell phone motors to bodies, but that didn't quite work. The vibrations were all the same. Eventually, they worked with engineers to develop a light haptic (触觉的)suit with a total of 24 vibrating plates. There are 20 of them tied to a undershirt that fits tightly around the body like a hiking backpack, plus one that ties to each wrist and ankle, When you wear the suit, it's surprising how it feels.The vibrations are mixed by a haptic DJ who controls the location, frequency and intensity of feeling across the suits, just as a music DJ mixes sounds in an artful way. "What we're doing is selecting and mixing what we want and send it to different parts of the body," said the DJ. The haptic suits were just one component of the event. There were American Sign Language interpreters; the music was displayed on a screen on the stage.The suits are the star attraction. Lily Lipman, who has auditory processing disorder, lit up when asked about her experience. "It's cool, because I'm never quite sure if I'm hearing what other people are hearing, so it's amazingto get the music in my body."4. What surprised Belquer about people with hearing problems?A. The attitude they held to life.B. The way they enjoyed music.C. The love they had for balloons.D. The frequency they vibrated fingers.5. Why did the team's initial attempt fail?A. The vibrations lacked variety.B. The vibrations were irregular.C. The motors were the same.D. The motors hardly worked.6. What is paragraph 3 of the text mainly about?A. Displaying music on the stage.B. Selecting proper suits for participants.C. Mixed methods helping people feel the music.D. Interpreters with excellent sign language skills.7. What does Lily Lipman think of the suit?A. It's comforting.B. It's challenging.C. It's satisfying.D. It's disturbing.CA team in Norway recently conducted in-depth research on writing by hand and typing on a keyboard.The team invited 36 university students who had to either write or type words displayed on a screen. The study participants used a digital pen to write in cursive (草书)on a touchscreen, and they used one finger on a keyboard to type. The researchers used a special cap with 256 sensors. This cap was worn by the students, and their brain activity was recorded for five seconds each time they were asked to write or type."We show that when writing by hand, brain connectivity patterns are far more complex than when typewriting on a keyboard," says Professor Audrey van der Meer, the team leader. "Such widespread brain connectivity is known to be important for memory formation and for encoding (编码)new information and, therefore, is beneficial for learning." The researchers also note that even though the participants used digital pens for writing in the study, they believe the findings would be similar if the participants used an ink pen and paper."We've shown that the differences in brain activity are related to the careful forming of the letters when writing by hand while making more use of the senses. Since it's the movement of the fingers carried out when forming letters that promotes brain connectivity, writing in print also has similar benefits for learning as cursive writing," Audrey adds. "This also explains why children who have learned to write and read on a tablet can have difficulty differentiating between letters that are mirror images of each other, such as 'b' and 'd'. They haven't felt with their bodies what it feels like to produce those letters."Considering handwritten note-taking is becoming less common in educational settings, the researchers advocate for more opportunities for students to write by hand. "There's some evidence that students learn more and remember better when taking handwritten lecture notes, while using a computer with a keyboard may be more pragmatic when writing a long text or essay," Audrey concludes.8. What was the special cap used to do?A. Measure the participants' brain activity.B. Evaluate the participants' writing styles.C. Tell the participants when to write or type.D. Record the time the participants used to write.9. What does paragraph 3 focus on about the study?A. Its backgrounds.B. Its equipment.C. Its outcomes.D. Its process.10. What plays the key role in strengthening brain connectivity?A. Writing letters carefully by hand.B. Forming the habit of taking notes.C. Recognizing letters' mirror images.D. Learning to practice cursive writing.11. What does the underlined word "pragmatic" in the last paragraph mean?A. Difficult.B. Traditional.C. Special.D. Practical.DWhen I stepped into the Samcheong Park Library in Seoul, I saw the future. The simple building had a nice selection of books and a cafe where readers could enjoy coffee while gazing at the leaves outside. It was specifically designed without any latest technology."What's so innovative about that?" a librarian in Toronto asked when I showed her pictures. Innovation to her meant digital technology, like 3D printers. "Why couldn't they both be innovative?" I asked.We are constantly told that innovation is the most important force in our economy, without which we would be left behind. But that fear of missing out has led us to fall into the false trappings of innovation over truly innovative ideas that may be simpler and more effective. This mindset implies that if you just buy the new thing, you have innovated! Each year, businesses and individuals run around like broken toy robots, trying to figure out their strategy for the latest buzzword equipment.At best, this is a waste of resources. Devices are bought, used and abandoned, as the technology's capabilities fall short of its promise. But at its worst, this approach can truly cause damage. Schools cut field trips to purchase tablets with few proven benefits. Companies that applied AI into hiring have actually strengthened gender and racial prejudices.True innovation isn't just some magic devices. It is a continuing process of reflection and reassessment, which often means adopting "old" ideas and tools in a new context, or even returning to methods that worked in the past. Adjusted properly, these rearview(后视的)innovations have proved as transformative as novel technologies.Look no farther than the streets of New York, which have been redesigned recently to accommodate cyclists with car-free zones. The idea isn't new. It was created half a century ago, with the aim of bringing cities back to their residents. And while e-reader sales have been exploding, Penguin just announced it would publish tiny printed books, an ideal solution for a market demanding both convenience and physicality.12. Which of the following best describes Samcheong Park Library?A. Dull but convenient.B. Simple but refreshing.C. Old-fashioned but cozy.D. Unexceptional but spacious.13. What can we learn about innovation from Paragraph 3?A. Its true meaning is to buy new things.B. It is important for the growth of economy.C. It shouldn't involve simple and effective ideas.D. Its true meaning has been misread by the public.14. Which statement will the author probably agree with?A. Magic devices encourage innovation.B. Innovation should be human-centered.C. The power of technology is undervalued.D. Wasting resources are a must for innovation.15. What is the writing purpose of the text?A. To introduce some best ideas about innovation.B. To show that future lies in returning to the past.C. To convince people of the true meaning of innovation.D. To stress the important role innovation plays in economy.第二部分阅读七选五(共5小题;每小题2.5分,满分12.5分)阅读下面短文,从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
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陇南一中2010-2011学年第二学期期中考试
高一 数学试题
考试范围:数学必修三(算法、统计和概率)
考生注意:本试题共分两卷,第Ⅰ卷的答案涂在答题卡相应的位置,第Ⅱ卷在答题纸上作答.
第Ⅰ卷
一、选择题:本大题共12小题,每小题5分,在每小题给出的四个选项中,只有一项是符合题目要求的.
1.把二进制数1101(2)化为十进制数是 ( )
A.5
B.13
C.25
D.26
2.如图给出的四个框图中,其中满足WHILE 语句结构的是( )
A ﹒
B ﹒
C ﹒
D ﹒
3.阅读图1,若输入的a 、b 、c 分别是21、32、75,则输出的a 、b 、c 分别是(
) A.75、21、32 B.21、32、75 C.32、21、75 D.75、32、21
4. 图2的功能是计算表达式21011
1
222+++的值,则在①②两处应填入( )
A.0 10n n =≤和
B. 1 10
n n =≤和
C.0 10n n =<和
D. 1 10n n =<和
图1 图2
5.某校共有高中学生1000人,其中高一年级400人,高二年级340人,高三年级260人,现采用分层抽样抽取容量为50的样本,那么高一、高二、高三各年级抽取人数分别为( )
A .20、17、13
B .20、15、15
C .40、34、26 D.20、20、10
6.已知两组样本数据}{n x x x ,......,21的平均数为h ,}{m y y y ,......,21的平均数为k, 则把两组数据合并成一组以后,这组样本的平均数为( ) A.2k h + B.n m mk nh ++ C.n m nk mh ++ D.n
m k h ++ 7.“吸烟有害健康”,那么吸烟与健康之间存在什么关系( )
A.正相关
B.负相关
C.无相关
D.不确定 8.同时抛掷两枚质地均匀的硬币,则出现两个正面朝上的概率是( )
A. 21
B. 41
C. 31
D. 8
1 9.一个袋中装有2个红球和2个白球,现从袋中取出1球,然后放回袋中再取出一球,则取出的两个球同色的概率是( )
A.21
B.31
C.41
D.5
2 10.某人欲从某车站乘车出差,已知该站发往各站的客车平均每小时一班,则此人等车时间不多于10分钟的概率是( )
A.16
B.110
C.12
D.56
11.从一批产品中取出三件,设A={“三件产品全不是次品”},B={“三件产品全是次品”},C={“三件产品不全是次品”},则下列结论正确的是( )
A .A 与C 互斥
B .B 与
C 互斥
C .任两个均互斥
D .任两个均不互斥
12.现有五个球分别记为A ,B ,C ,D ,E ,随机放进三个盒子,每个盒子只能放一个球,则C 或E 在盒中的概率是( ) A.25 B.53 C.103 D.10
9
第Ⅱ卷
二、填空题:本大题共4小题,每小题5分.
13.写出右边程序的运行结果:
若程序运行后输入x =-2 ,则输出的结果为 __________ .
14.已知},......,,{321n x x x x 的平均数为a ,则23 ..., ,23 ,2321+++n x x x 的平均数是_____.
15.某班学生父母年龄的茎叶图如下,则该班学生的母亲的平均年龄是__________岁.
16. 工人月工资y (元)与劳动生产产值x (千元)变化的线性回归方程为ˆ8540y
x =+,则劳动生产产值提高1千元时,工资约提高___________元 .
三、解答题:解答应写出相应过程或演算步骤.
17.(本小题满分10分)
已知1000321++++= S ,设计算法流程图,输出S ﹒
18.(本小题满分12分)
(1)(I )用辗转相除法求840与1 764的最大公约数;(II )用更相减损术求440 与556的最大公约数.(要求有过程)
(2)用秦九韶算法计算函数34532)(3
4=-++=x x x x x f 当时的函数值.(要求有过程)
19.在一个盒子中装有6枝圆珠笔,其中3枝一等品,2枝二等品和1枝三等品,从中任取3枝﹒求
(Ⅰ)恰有1枝一等品的概率;(Ⅱ)没有三等品的概率﹒(本小题满分12分)
20.(本小题满分12分)
将甲、乙两颗骰子先后各抛一次,a、b分别表示抛掷甲、乙两颗骰子所出现的点数.若点P(a,b)落在如图阴影所表示的平面区域(包括边界)的事件记为A,求事件A的概率.
21.一只海豚在水池中随意游弋,水池为长30m,宽20m的矩形,求海豚嘴尖离水池边不超过2m的概率.(本小题满分10分)
22.(本小题满分14分)
为了了解高中新生的体能情况,某学校抽取部分高一学生进行一分钟跳绳次数测试,将所得数据整理后,画出频率分布直方图(如图),图中从左到右各小长方形面积之比为2:4:17:15:9:3,第二小组频数为12﹒
(Ⅰ)第二小组的频率是多少?样本容量是多少?(6分)
(Ⅱ)若次数在110以上(含110次)为达标,试估计该学校全体高一学生的达标率是多少?(4分)
(Ⅲ)在这次测试中,学生跳绳次数的中位数落在哪个小组内?请说明理由.(4分)
90 100 110 120 130 140 150 次数
0.004
0.008
0.012
0.016
0.020
0.024
0.028
频率/组距
0.032
0.036
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