2013年暨南大学翻硕211英语真题汇总
暨南大学211翻译硕士英语2011--2020年考研专业课真题试卷
2020年招收攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题（B卷）********************************************************************* **********学科、专业名称：翻译硕士专业研究方向：英语笔译考试科目名称：翻译硕士英语考试科目代码：211考生注意：所有答案必须写在答题纸（卷）上，写在本试题上一律不给分。
I. Vocabulary & Grammar (30%)Directions: There are 30 sentences in this section. Beneath each sentence there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Choose ONE answer that best completes the sentence. Write your answers on the Answer Sheet.1. Rescue teams from all over the world ______ on the earthquake-stricken area after the news spread that the quake had claimed a toll of 15000 lives.A. diversifiedB. disseminatedC. convergedD. accelerated2. Without Bob’s testimony, evidence of bribery is lacking and ______ in the case will be impossible.A. verdictB. sentenceC. convictionD. acquittal3. The two countries have developed a ______ relation and increased a great deal in foreign trade.A. managerialB. lethalC. metricD. cordial4.Any person who is in ______ while awaiting trial is considered innocent until he has bee n declared guilty.A. jeopardyB. custodyC. suspicionD. probation5. The snow_____ my plan to visit my aunt in the countryside.A. confusedB. bewilderedC. conversedD. hampered6. It is imperative that students _____ their term papers on timeA. hand inB. would hand inC. have to hand inD. handed in7. He is not under arrest, ______ any restriction on him.A. or the police have placedB. or have the police placedC. nor the police have placedD. nor have the police placed8. Mary is _______ than Alice.A. more experienced a teacherB. a more experienced teacherC. more an experienced teacherD. more experienced teacher9. The trumpet player was certainly loud. But I wasn’t bothered by his loudness ______ by his lack of talent.A. so much asB. rather thanC. asD. than10. Please don’t ______ too much on the painful memories. Everything will be all right.A. hesitateB. lingerC. retainD. dwell11. Participants in the Shanghai Co-operation Forum ______ regional teamwork topromote investment and economic development.A. cursedB. echoedC. bouncedD. hailed12.The 1982 Oil and Gas Act gives power to permit the disposal of assets held by the Corporation, and ______ the Corporation's statutory monopoly in the supply of gas for fuel purposes so as to permit private companies to compete in this supply.A. defersB. curtailsC. triggersD. sparks13. The slogan "What goes up must come down" was so universally accepted by economists that it was considered a(n)______A. conjectureB. axiomC. fadD. testimonial14. After four years in the same job his enthusiasm finally ______.A. deterioratedB. dispersedC. dissipatedD. drained15. He has ________ strange hobbies like collecting bottle tops and inventing secret codes.A. gone onB. gone in forC. gone withD. gone through with16. In 1791 RC, one of the wealthiest plantation owners in Virginia, stunned his family, friends, and neighbors by filing a deed of emancipation, setting free the more than 500 slaves who were legally ___________ his property.A. consideredB. considered asC. considered to beD. considered for17. While some propose to combat widespread illegal copying of computer programs by attempting to change people’s attitudes toward pirating, others suggest reducing software prices to ____________ for pirating, and still others are calling for the prosecution of those who copy software illegally.A. increase the incentiveB. increase the punishmentC. decrease the incentiveD. increase the punishment18. The federal government subsidized bank loans to mass production builders of suburbs everywhere in the country on condition that those builders ________ no homes to African-Americans.A. soldB. sellC. have soldD. had sold19. A recent study of ancient clay deposits has provided new evidence __________ the theory that global forest fires ignited by a meteorite impact _________ to the extinction of the dinosaurs and many other creatures some 65million years ago.A. to support ...... contributedB. supporting ...... contributedC. to support ...... contributingD. supporting ...... contributing20. According to his own account, Frederic-Auguste Bartholdi, the sculptor of the Statue of Liberty, modeled the face of the statue _________ his mother and the body_________his wife.A. for that of ...... for that ofB. for that on ...... for that onC. after that on ...... after that onD. after that of ...... after that of21. A huge flying reptile that died out with the dinosaurs some 65 million years ago, theQuetzalcoatlus had a wingspan of 36 feet, ________ to have been the largest flying creature the world has ever seen.A. what is believedB. that is believedC. which is believedD. and it is believed22. Because new small businesses are growing and are seldom in equilibrium, formulas for cash flow and the ratio of debt to equity do not apply to ______ in the same way____ to establish big businesses.A. it ...... ΦB. it ......asC. them ...... asD. them ...... Φ23. Neanderthals had a vocal tract resembling an ape’s ____________ probably without language, a shortcoming that may explain why they were supplanted by our own species.A. and so wereB. and such wasC. and so wasD. and such were24. He had lived his life thus far as a sort of ________ obedient pet - first to his mother and father, then to his wife. Whit had always done what others had wanted him to do, not what he wanted.A. atrociousB. baroqueC. affableD. arrogant25. In the 1960s, even as liberal thinkers like Martin Luther King Jr. ________ a minimum income for moral reasons, conservatives like Richard Nixon considered it on practical grounds.A. censuredB. championedC. conceitedD. confronted26. The stimulator was proven to be effective but not _______: It could reduce tension and pain, improve mood, and marginally boost memory.A. mischievousB. miraculousC. momentousD. minatory27. The word “race” conjures biology, a set of inheritable --- and ________ --- physical characteristics. But it's actually a cultural and social category, not a biological one, which is why it changes over time.A. changeableB. impeccableC. immutableD. impenetrable28. With his _______ yet gracious manner, Jon had helped them find a good neighborhood for their family, introduced them to his banker, and even explained some of the odd American colloquialisms they couldn't understand, as they all laughed together over well-aged bottles of his favorite Bordeaux.A. grandioseB. gullibleC. grotesqueD. gregarious29. Virtue is useful in every country, in every time, in all peoples; wherever one finds humans, virtue is _________ because no one fails to sense its usefulnessA. eternalB. estimableC. etherealD. exquisite30. Two of his grandchildren implore him to _________ another journey. The city where they live is threatened by a plague.A. embark onB. embark forC. embark atD. embark ofII. Reading Comprehension (40%)Directions: This part consists of six passages followed by a total of 30 multiple-choice questions and 5 short-answer questions. Read the passages and write your answers onthe Answer Sheet.Passage 1The miserable fate of Enron’s employees will be a landmark in business history, one of those awful events that everyone agrees must never be allowed to happen again. This urge is understandable and noble: thousands have lost virtually all their retirement savings with the demise of Enron stock. But making sure it never happens again may not be possible, because the sudden impoverishment of those Enron workers represents something even larger than it seems. It’s the latest turn in the unwinding of one of the most audacious promise of the 20th century.The promise was assured economic security －even comfort － for essentially everyone in the developed world. With the explosion of wealth, that began in the 19th century it became possible to think about a possibility no one had dared to dream before. The fear at the center of daily living since caveman days－ lack of food warmth, shelter－ would at last lose its power to terrify. That remarkable promise became reality in many ways. Governments created welfare systems for anyone in need and separate programmes for the elderly (Social Security in the U.S.). Labour unions promised not only better pay for workers but also pensions for retirees. Giant corporations came into being and offered the possibility －in some cases the promise－ of lifetime employment plus guaranteed pensions. The cumulative effect was a fundamental change in how millions of people approached life itself, a reversal of attitude that most rank as one of the largest in human history. For millennia the average person’s stance toward providing for himself had been “Ultimately I’m on my own”. Now it became “ultimately I’ll be taken care of”.The early hints that this promise might be broken on a large scale came in the 1980s. U.S. business had become uncompetitive globally and began restructuring massively, with huge Layoffs. The trend accelerated in the 1990s as the bastions of corporate welfare faced reality. IBM ended its no-layoff policy. AT&T fired thousands, many of whom found such a thing simply incomprehensible, and a few of whom killed themselves. The other supposed guarantors of our economic security were also in decline. Labour-union membership and power fell to their lowest levels in decades. President Clinton signed a historic bill scaling back welfare. Americans realized that Social Security won’t provide social security for any of us.A less visible but equally significant trend affected pensions. To make costs easier to control, companies moved away from defined benefit pension plans, which obligate them to pay out specified amounts years in the future, to define contribution plans, which specify only how much goes into the play today. The most common type of defined-contribution plan is the 401(k). The significance of the 401(k) is that it puts most of the responsibility for a person’s economic fate back on the employee. Within limits the employee must decide how much goes into the plan each year and how it getsinvested－the two factors that will determine how much it’s worth when the employee retires.Which brings us back to Enron? Those billions of dollars in vaporized retirement savings went in employees’ 401(k) accounts. That is, the employees chose how much money to put into those accounts and then chose how to invest it. Enron matched a certainproportion of each employee’s 401(k) contribution with company stock, so everyone was going to end up with some Enron in his or her portfolio; but that could be regarded as a freebie, since nothing compels a company to match employee contributions at all. At least two special features complicate the Enron case. First, some shareholders charge top management with illegally covering up the company’s problems, prompting investors to hang on when they should have sold. Second, Enron’s 401(k) accounts were locked while the company changed plan administrators in October, when the stock was falling, so employees could not have closed their accounts if they wanted to.But by far the largest cause of this human tragedy is that thousands of employees were heavily overweighed in Enron stock. Many had placed 100% of their 401(k) assets in the stock rather than in the 18 other investment options they were offered. Of course that wasn’t prudent, but it’s what some of them did.The Enron employees’ retirement disaster is part of the larger trend away from guaranteed economic security. That’s why preventing such a thing from ever happening again may be impossible. The huge attitudinal shift to “I’ll-be-taken-care-of” took at least a generation. The shift back may take just as long. It won’t be complete until a new generation of employees see assured economic comfort as a 20th- century quirk, and understand not just intellectually but in their bones that, like most people in most times and places, they’re on their own.31. Why does the author say at the beginning “The miserable fate of Enron’s employees will be a landmark in business history…”?A. Because the company has gone bankrupt.B. Because such events would never happen again.C. Because many Enron workers lost jobs.D. Because it signifies a turning point in economic security.32. According to the passage, the combined efforts by governments, layout unions and big corporations to guarantee economic comfort have led to a significant change inA. people’s outlook on life.B. people’s life styles.C. people’s living standardD. people’s social values.33. Garanttee on economic security declined in 1980-1990 because ________.A. the corporate laid off large number of employeesB. the government cut in welfare spendingC. the economic restructuring occurred as American lost its competitiveness globallyD. the power of labors unions declined34. Thousands of employees chose Enron to invest mainly becauseA. The 401(k) made them responsible for their own future.B. Enron offered to add company stock to their investment.C. their employers intended to cut back on pension spending.D. Enron’s offer was similar to a defined-benefit plan.35. Which is NOT seen as a lesson drawn from the Enron disaster?A. 401(k) assets should be placed in more than one investment option.B. Employees have to take up responsibilities for themselves.C. Such events could happen again as it is not easy to change people’s mind.D. Economic security won’t be taken for granted by future36. What has made economic security possible and change people’s attitude towards life in 19th century?Passage 2The majority of successful senior managers do not closely follow the classical rational model of first clarifying goals, assessing the problem, formulating options, estimating likelihoods of success, making a decision, and only then taking action to implement the decision. Rather, in their day-by-day tactical maneuvers, these senior executives rely on what is vaguely termed intuition to manage a network of interrelated problems that require them to deal with ambiguity, inconsistency, novelty, and surprise and to integrate action into the process of thinking.Generations of writers on management have recognized that some practicing managers rely heavily on intuition. In general, however, such writers display a poor grasp of what intuition is. Some see it as the opposite of rationality; others view it as an excuse for capriciousness.Isenberg’s recent research on the cognitive processes of senior managers reveals that managers’ intuition is neither of these. Rather, senior managers use intuition in at least five distinct ways. First, they intuitively sense when a problem exists. Second, managers rely on intuition to perform well-learned behavior patterns rapidly. This intuition is not arbitrary or irrational, but is based on years of painstaking practice and hands-on experience that build skills. A third function of intuition is to synthesize isolated bits of data and practice into an integrated picture, often in an “Aha” experience. Fourth, some managers use intuition as a check on the results of more rational analysis. Most senior executives are familiar with the formal decision analysis models and tools, and those who use such systematic methods for reaching decisions are occasionally leery of solutions suggested by these methods which run counter to their sense of the correct course of action. Finally, managers can use intuition to bypass in-depth analysis and move rapidly to engender a plausible solution. Used in this way, intuition is an almost instantaneous cognitive process in which a manager recognizes familiar patterns.One of the implications of the intuitive style of executive management is that thinking is inseparable from acting. Since managers often know what is right before they can analyze and explain it, they frequently act first and explain later. Analysis is inextricably tied to action in thinking/acting cycles, in which managers develop thoughts about their companies and organizations not by analyzing a problematic situation and then acting, but by acting and analyzing in close concert.Given the great uncertainty of many of the management issues that they face, senior managers often instigate a course of action simply to learn more about an issue. They then use the results of the action to develop a more complete understanding of the issue. One implication of thinking/acting cycles is that action is often part of defining the problem, not just of implementing the solution.37. The text suggests which of the following about the writers on management mentioned in line 1, paragraph 2？ A. They have criticized managers for not following the classical rational model of decision analysis. B. They have not based their analyses on a sufficiently large sample of actual managers. C. They have relied in drawing their conclusions on what managers say rather than on what managers do.D. They have misunderstood how managers use intuition in making business decisions.38. According to the text, senior managers use intuition in all of the following ways EXCEPT to A. Speed up of the creation of a solution to a problem. B. Identify a problem. C. Bring together disparate facts.D. Stipulate clear goals.39. It can be inferred from the text that which of the following would most probably be one major difference in behavior between Manager X, who uses intuition to reach decisions, and Manager Y, who uses only formal decision analysis？ A. Manager X analyzes first and then acts；Manager Y does not. B. Manager X checks possible solutions to a problem by systematic analysis； Manager Y does not. C. Manager X takes action first and then explains later in solving a problem；Manager Y does not. D. Manager Y draws on years of hands-on experience in creating a solution to aproblem； Manager X does not.40. The text provides support for which of the following statements？A. Managers who rely on intuition are more successful than those who rely on formal decision analysis.B. Managers cannot justify their intuitive decisions.C. Managers’ intuition works contrary to their rational and analytical skills.D. Intuition enables managers to employ their practical experience more efficiently.41. What is the author’s attitude towards using institution in management?A. It is arbitrary and irrational.B. It deters the effective implementation of the work.C. It improves the efficiency of the work.D. It is better than analyzing the issue thoroughly first and then acting.42. Why does the author say “thinking is inseparable from acting in the intuitive style of executive management”?Passage 3Joy and sadness are experienced by people in all cultures around the world, but how can we tell when other people are happy or despondent? It turns out that the expression of many emotions may be universal. Smiling is apparently a universal sign of friendliness and approval. Baring the teeth in a hostile way, as noted by Charles Darwin in the nineteenth century, may be a universe sign of anger. As the originator of the theory ofevolution, Darwin believed that the universal recognition of facial expressions would have survival value. For example, facial expressions could signal the approach of enemies (or friends) in the absence of language.Most investigators concur that certain facial expressions suggest the same emotions in a people. Moreover, people in diverse cultures recognize the emotions manifested by the facial expressions. In classic research Paul Ekman took photographs of people exhibiting the emotions of anger, disgust, fear, happiness, and sadness. He then asked people around the world to indicate what emotions were being depicted in them. Those queried ranged from European college students to members of the Fore, a tribe that dwells in the New Guinea highlands. All groups including the Fore, who had almost no contact with Western culture, agreed on the portrayed emotions. The Fore also displayed familiar facial expressions when asked how they would respond if they were the characters in stories that called for basic emotional responses. Ekman and his colleagues more recently obtained similar results in a study of ten cultures in which participants were permitted to report that multiple emotions were shown by facial expressions. The participants generally agreed on which two emotions were being shown and which emotion was more intense.Psychological researchers generally recognize that facial expressions reflect emotional states. In fact, various emotional states give rise to certain patterns of electrical activity in the facial muscles and in the brain. The facial-feedback hypothesis argues, however, that the causal relationship between emotions and facial expressions can also work in the opposite direction. According to this hypothesis, signals from the facial muscles ("feedback") are sent back to emotion centers of the brain, and so a person's facial expression can influence that person's emotional state. Consider Darwin's words: "The free expression by outward signs of an emotion intensifies it. On the other hand, the repression, as far as possible, of all outward signs softens our emotions." Can smiling give rise to feelings of good will, for example, and frowning to anger?Psychological research has given rise to some interesting findings concerning the facial-feedback hypothesis. Causing participants in experiments to smile, for example, leads them to report more positive feelings and to rate cartoons (humorous drawings of people or situations) as being more humorous. When they are caused to frown, they rate cartoons as being more aggressive.What are the possible links between facial expressions and emotion? One link is arousal, which is the level of activity or preparedness for activity in an organism. Intense contraction of facial muscles, such as those used in signifying fear, heightens arousal. Self-perception of heightened arousal then leads to heightened emotional activity. Other links may involve changes in brain temperature and the release of neurotransmitters (substances that transmit nerve impulses.) The contraction of facial muscles both influences the internal emotional state and reflects it. Ekman has found that the so-called Duchenne smile, which is characterized by "crow's feet" wrinkles around the eyes and a subtle drop in the eye cover fold so that the skin above the eye moves down slightly toward the eyeball, can lead to pleasant feelings.Ekman's observation may be relevant to the British expression "keep a stiff upper lip" as are commendation for handling stress. It might be that a "stiff" lip suppresses emotional response-as long as the lip is not quivering with fear or tension. But when the emotionthat leads to stiffening the lip is more intense, and involves strong muscle tension, facial feedback may heighten emotional response.43. The word despondent in the passage is closest in meaning to _______.A. curiousB. depressedC. thoughtfulD. aggressive44. The author mentions "Baring the teeth in a hostile way" in order to________.A. differentiate different meanings of a particular facial expressionB. support Darwin's theory of evolutionC. provide an example of a facial expression whose meaning is widely understoodD. contrast a facial expression that is easily understood with other facial expressions45. Which of the following statement CAN NOT prove the universality of facial expressions?A. People use the same facial expressions when smiling.B. People from other cultures can easily recognize the facial expressions with similarmeaning.C. Some expressions are more intense in one culture than in the other.D. People have similar response to the same story.46. According to paragraph 2, which of the following was true of the Fore people of New Guinea?A. They were confused at the emotion shown in photographs.B. They were famous for their story-telling skills.C. They knew very little about Western culture.D. They did not encourage the expression of emotions.47. According to the passage, what did Darwin believe would happen to human emotions that were not expressed?A. They would become less intense.B. They would last longer than usual.C. They would cause problems later.D. They would become more negative.48. Explain “The free expression by outward signs of an emotion intensifies it. On the other hand, the repression, of all outward signs softens our emotions."” based on “facial-feedback hypothesis”.Passage 4No one can be a great thinker who does not realize that as a thinker it is her first duty to follow her intellect to whatever conclusions it may lead. Truth gains more even by the errors of one who with due study and preparation, thinks for himself, than by the true opinions of those who only hold them because they do not suffer themselves to think. No that it is solely, of chiefly, to form great thinkers that freedom of thinking is required. One the contrary, it is as much or even more indispensable to enable average human beings to attain the mental stature which they are capable of. There have been and many again be great individual thinkers in a general atmosphere of mental slavery. But there never has been, nor ever will be, in that atmosphere an intellectually active people. Where any of heterodox speculation was for a time suspended, where there is a tacit convention that principles are not to be disputed: where the discussion of the greatestquestions which can occupy humanity is considered to be closed, we cannot hope to find that generally high scale of mental activity which has made some periods of history so remarkable. Never when controversy avoided the subjects which are large and important enough to kindle enthusiasm was the mind of a people stirred up fro9m its foundation and the impulse given which raised even persons of the most ordinary intellect to something of the dignity of thinking beings.She who knows only her own side of the case knows little of that. Her reasons may be food, and no one may have been able to refute them. But if she is equally unable to refute the reasons of the opposite side; if she does not so much as know what they are, she has no ground for preferring either opinion. The rational position for her would be suspension of judgment, and unless she contents herself with that, she is either led by authority, or adopts, like the generality of the world the side to which she feels the most inclination. Nor is it enough that she should heat the arguments of adversaries from her own teachers, presented as they state them, and accompanied by what they offer as refutations.That is not the way to do justice to the arguments, or bring them into real contact with her own mind. She must be able to hear them form persons who actually believe them; who defend them in earnest, and do their very utmost for them. She must know them in their most plausible and persuasive form; she must feel the whole force of the difficulty which the true view of the subject has to encounter and dispose of; else she will never really possess herself of the portion of truth which meets and removes that difficulty. Ninety-nine in a hundred of what are called educated persons are in this condition; even of those who can argue fluently for their opinions. Their conclusion may be true, but it might be false for anything they know; they have never thrown themselves into the mental position of those who think differently from them and considered what such persons may have to say; and consequently they do not, in any proper sense of the word, know the doctrines which they themselves profess.49. The best title for this passage is ___________A. The Age of ReasonB. The Need for Independent ThinkingC. The Value of ReasonD. Stirring People’s Minds50. According to the author, it is always advisable to ___________ A. have opinions which cannot be refuted. B. adopt the point of view to which one feels the most inclination. C. be acquainted with the arguments favoring the point of view with which one disagrees, D. suspend heterodox speculation in favor of doctrinaire approaches.51. According to the author, in a great period such as the Renaissance we may expect to find _______A. acceptance of truthB. controversy over principlesC. inordinate enthusiasmD. a dread of heterodox speculation52. According to the author, the person who holds orthodox beliefs without examination may be described in all of the following ways EXCEPT as ___________A. enslaved by traditionB. less than fully rationalC. determined on controversyD. having a closed mind。
暨南大学外语(英)水平考试2013年考研专业课初试真题
3． Archaeological records – paintings, drawings, and carvings of humans engaged in activities involving the use of hands – indicate that humans have been ________ righthanded for more than 5,000 years. A) predominantly B) precautiously C) disciplinarily D) symmetrically
10． Being so educable, individual birds have markedly different interests and ________, strategies and scams. A) inclinations B) tricks C) opportunities D) experiences
9． The word laser was ________ as an acronym for Light Amplification by the Stimulated Emission of Radiation.
2
A) coined
B) discovered
C) composed
D) mentioned
5． The system no longer had much interest ________ nontraditional new and extra services to older youths. A) on offering B) in offering C) offer D) offers
2013翻译硕士MTI各校真题汇总
2013翻译硕士MTI各校真题汇总2013翻译硕士各校真题汇总2013考研已经过去，各种尘埃即将落定。
先把各个学校的真题回忆版本汇总给后来人一个复习方向。
也算给考研生活画上一个圆满的句号。
感谢网友的及时回忆，谢谢给位的奉献。
欢迎补充！愿各位取的好成绩！1、2013复旦大学MTI专业课真题回忆版基础英语。
今年的基础英语稍微有些变化，第一题仍然是无选项完型，20个空，第二题是改错，和第一题是属于一篇文章的，二十行二十个错误，第三题是词汇和语法，词汇题比去年增加了不少，第四题是阅读理解四篇一共15个小题，最后一篇稍微有些深度，上来第一句是boresom 其实是讲现代社会摧毁理性和真理的。
然后作文25分就最后一篇阅读理解发表一下自己的看法。
翻译。
背了一堆翻译词汇今年竟然一个词汇翻译都没有，就一个汉译英70分与一个英译汉80分。
英译汉是一篇医学文章，里面什么胆囊啊肠啊的生词一大堆。
汉译英是文言文啊亲，我旦不学好啊，跟着北大学考文言文额。
原文如下：世有三乐，真乐也。
一曰人伦之乐，二曰心地之乐，三曰讲习之乐。
孟子曰：“父母俱存，兄弟无故，一乐也。
”此人伦之乐也；“仰不愧于天，俯不怍于人，二乐也。
”此心地之乐也；“得天下英才而教育之，三乐也。
”此讲习之乐也。
人伦之乐自父母兄弟之外，妻室欲其同甘苦，子孙欲其师教，宗族欲其和睦，女之适人者欲其得所归结，自人伦而推之，有一败人意则非乐也。
心地之乐岂止俯仰无愧怍而已，其道德必与圣贤合、与天地并，可也；道德未同乎圣贤、未同乎天地，不可以已也。
讲习之乐何止于得英才而教育，凡学问德行之有胜乎吾者，吾方且师之，虽受人之教育亦乐矣。
此三者，天下之真乐。
不此之乐，而以外物为乐，乐未一二，而忧已八九。
世俗以为乐，识者不贵也。
百科知识中国四大发明，欧债危机，金砖四国，莫言，生态难民，莎士比亚，君主立宪制，euro tunnel，thedeclaration of independence，DNA，伦敦奥运会，秦始皇陵兵马俑，论语，大中华文库，Encyclopedia Britannica，a nation on wheels，还有一个masps 还是什么的这个不知道，数了数17个还有8个想不起来了，这个是一个2分，一共五十分。
2013年考研英语二真题全文翻译答案超详解析
2013年考研英语二真题全文翻译答案超详解析2013 年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（二）试题答案与解析Section I Use of English一、文章题材结构分析本文主要分析了无现金社会为何迟迟不来的原因。
第一段是文章的中心段落，指出真正的无现金社会很可能不会马上到来。
第二、三段从电子支付设备昂贵、纸质支票提供收据、使用纸质支票能获得浮存利息以及电子支付方式存在的安全隐私问题四个方面分析纸币系统得以继续存在的理由。
二、试题解析1．【答案】A （However）【解析】空前作者讲到“鉴于电子货币的优势,你也许会认为,我们将快速步入无现金社会,实现完全电子支付。
”而空后说“真正的无现金社会很可能不会马上到来”，两者之前出现了明显的转折关系，因此答案A。
B. moreover 表递进C.therefore 表结果D. Otherwise 表对比2．【答案】D （around）【解析】由空格所在句的“but”得知，句子前后是转折关系。
事实上,这样的预测已经二十年了,但迄今还没有实现。
A. off 停止; B. back 返回; C. over 结束，与后文均不构成转折，故答案选 D. around 出现。
3．【答案】B （concept）【解析】空格所在的句子意思为例如, 1975 年《商业周刊》预测电子支付手段不久将“彻底改变货币本身的____”将四个选项带入，能够彻底改变的对象只能是金钱的概念（定义），而A“力量”,C“历史”,D“角色”，语义都不恰当，并且如果选择role 的话，应该是复数roles, 因为是金钱的作用不止一个，故答案选B。
4．【答案】D （reverse）【解析】空格填入的动词跟前面的动词revolutionize （变革）意思上应该是同义替换的，要选择含有变革，彻底改变意思的词汇，四个选项中 A. reward 奖励 B. 抵抗 C. resume 重新开始，继续，都不合适，只有 D 选项reverse“颠覆”最为贴切，本句译为“电子支付方式不久将改变货币的定义,并将在数年后颠覆货币本身。
2013年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（一）试题及答案解析
Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points) People People are, are, are, on on on the the the whole, whole, whole, poor poor poor at at at considering considering considering background background background information information information when when when making making individual decisions. At first glance this might seem like a strength that __1__ the ability to make judgments judgments which which which are are are unbiased unbiased unbiased by by by __2___ __2___ __2___ factors. factors. factors. But But But Dr. Dr. Dr. Uri Uri Uri Simonsohn Simonsohn Simonsohn speculated speculated speculated that that that an an inability to consider the big __3___ was leading decision-makers to be biased by the daily samles of information they were working with. __4___ , he theorised that a judge __5___ of apperaring too too soft soft soft __6__ __6__ crime crime might might might be be be more more more likely likely likely to to to send send send someone someone someone to to to prison prison prison __7___ __7___ __7___ he he he had had had already already sentenced five or six other defendants only to forced community service on that day. To To __8__ __8__ this this idea, idea, idea, he he he turned turned turned to to to the the the university-admissions university-admissions university-admissions process. process. process. In In In theory, theory, theory, the the __9___ of an applicant should not depend on the few others __10___ randomly for interview during the same day, but Dr. Simonsoho suspected the truth was __11___ . He studied the results of 9,323 MBA interviews __12___by 31 admissions officers. The interviewers had__13___applicants on a scale of one to five. This scale __14___ numerous factors into consideration. The scores were __15___ used in conjunctio n with an applicant’s score on the Granduate Managent Adimssion Test, or GMA T, a standardized exam which is__16___ out of 800 points, to make a decision on whether to accept him or her. Dr. Simonsoho Simonsoho found found found if if if the the the score score score of of of the the the previous previous previous candidate candidate candidate in in in a a a daily daily daily series series series of of interviewees was 0.75 points or more higher than that of the one __17___that, then the score for the next applicant would __18___by an average of 0.075 points. This might sound small, but to __19___ the effects of such a decrease a candidate could need 30 more GMA T points than would otherwise have been __20___. 1. [A] grants [B]submits [C]transmits [D]delivers 2. [A] minor [B]objective [C]crucial [D] external 3. [A] issue [B]vision [C]picture [D]external 4. [A] For example [B] On average [C]In principle [D]Above all 5. [A] fond [B] fearful [C]capable [D] thoughtless 6. [A] in [B] on [C] to [D] for 7. [A] if [B] until [C] though [D] unless 8. [A] promote [B] emphasize [C] share [D]success 9. [A] decision [B] quality [C] status [D] success 10. [A] chosen [B] studied [C] found [D] identified 11. [A] exceptional [B] defensible [C] replaceable [D] otherwise 12. [A] inspired [B] expressed [C] conducted [D] secured 13. [A] assigned [B] rated [C] matched [D] arranged 14. [A] put [B] got [C] gave [D] took 15. [A] instead [B] then [C] ever [D] rather 16. [A] selected [B] passed [C] marked [D] introduced 17. [A] before [B] after [C] above [D] below 18. [A] jump [B] float [C] drop [D] fluctuate 19. [A] achieve [B] undo [C] maintain [D] disregard 20. [A] promising [B] possible [C] necessary [D] helpful Section II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points) Text 1In the 2006 film version of The Devil Wears Prada ,Miranda Priestly, played by Meryl Streep, scolds her unattractive assistant for imagining that high fashion doesn’t affect her, Priestly explains how the deep blue color of the assistant’s sweater descended over the years from fashion shows to departments stores and and to to to the the the bargain bargain bargain bin bin bin in in in which which which the the the poor poor poor girl girl girl doubtless doubtless doubtless found found found her her garment. This This top-top-top-down conception down conception of of the the the fashion fashion fashion business couldn’t business couldn’t be be more more more out out out of of of date date date or or or at at odds with the feverish would described in Overdressed, Eliazabeth Cli ne’s three -year indictment of of ―fast ―fast fashionǁ. In In the the the last last last decade decade decade or or or so ,advances so ,advances in in technology technology technology have have have allowed allowed allowed mass mass mass-market -market labels such as Zara ,H&M, and Uniqlo to react to trends more quickly and anticipate demand more precisely. Quicker turnarounds mean less wasted inventory, more frequent release, and more profit. These labels encourage style-conscious consumers to see clothes as disposable-meant to last only a wash or two, although they don’t advertise that –and to renew their wardrobe every few weeks. By offering on-trend items at dirt-cheap prices, Cline argues, these brands have hijacked fashion cycles, shaking an industry long accustomed to a seasonal pace. The victims of this revolution , of course ,are not limited to designers. For H&M to offer a a $5.95 $5.95 $5.95 knit knit knit miniskirt miniskirt miniskirt in in in all all all its its its 2,300-pius 2,300-pius 2,300-pius stores stores stores around around around the world, the world, it it must must must rely rely rely on on on low-wage low-wage overseas labor, order in volumes that strain natural resources, and use massive amounts of harmful chemicals. Overdressed is the fashion world’s answer to consumer-activist bestsellers like Michael Pollan’s Pollan’s The The The Omnivore’s Omnivore’s Omnivore’s Dilemma. Dilemma. Dilemma. ―Mass ―Mass -produced clothing -produced clothing ,like ,like fast food, fast food, fills fills a a a hunger hunger hunger and and need, yet is non-durable and wasteful,ǁ Cline argues. Americans, she finds, buy roughly 20 billion garments garments a a a year year year –– about about 64 64 64 items items items per per per person person person –– and and no no no matter matter matter how how how much much much they they they give give give away, away, away, this this excess leads to waste. Towards the end of Overdressed, Cline introduced her ideal, a Brooklyn woman named Sarah Kate Beaumont, who since 2008 has made all of her own clothes – and beautifully. But as Cline Cline is is is the the the first first first to to to note, note, note, it it it took took took Beaumont Beaumont Beaumont decades decades decades to to to perfect perfect perfect her craft; her craft; her her example example example can’t can’t can’t be be knocked off. Though several fast-fashion companies have made efforts to curb their impact on labor and the environment – including H&M, with its green Conscious Collection line line ––Cline believes lasting change can only be effected by the customer. She exhibits the idealism common to many advocates of sustainability, be it in food or in energy. V anity is a constant; people will only start shopping more susta i nably when they can’t afford not to.inably when they can’t afford not to.21. Priestly criticizes her assistant for her [A] poor bargaining skill.[B] insensitivity to fashion. [C] obsession with high fashion. [D] lack of imagination. 22. According to Cline, mass-maket labels urge consumers to [A] combat unnecessary waste. [B] shut out the feverish fashion world. [C] resist the influence of advertisements. [D] shop for their garments more frequently. 23. The word ―indictmentǁ (Line 3, Para.2) is closest in meaning to[A] accusation. [B] enthusiasm. [C] indifference. [D] tolerance. 24. Which of the following can be inferred from the lase paragraph? [A] Vanity has more often been found in idealists. [B] The fast-fashion industry ignores sustainability. [C] People are more interested in unaffordable garments. [D] Pricing is vital to environment-friendly purchasing. 25. What is the subject of the text? [A] Satire on an extravagant lifestyle.[B] Challenge to a high-fashion myth. [C] Criticism of the fast-fashion industry. [D] Exposure of a mass-market secret. Text 2 An old saying has it that half of all advertising budgets are wasted-the trouble is, no one knows which half . In the internet age, at least in theory ,this fraction can be much reduced . By watching what people search for, click on and say online, companies can aim ―behaviouralǁ a ds at those most likely to buy. In In the the the past past past couple couple couple of weeks of weeks a a quarrel quarrel quarrel has has has illustrated illustrated illustrated the the the value value value to to to advertisers advertisers advertisers of of of such such fine-grained fine-grained information: Should advertisers assume that people are happy to be tracked and sent information: Should advertisers assume that people are happy to be tracked and sent behavioural ads? Or should they have explicit permission? In December 2010 America's Federal Trade Cornmission (FTC) proposed adding a "do not track "(DNT) option to internet browsers ,so that users could tell adwertisers that they did not want to be followed .Microsoft's Internet Explorer and Apple's Safari both offer DNT ;Google's Chrome is due to do so this year. In February the FTC and Digltal Adwertising Alliance (DAA) agreed that the industry would get cracking on responging to DNT requests. On May 31st Microsoft Set off the row: It said that Internet Explorer 10,the version due to appear windows 8, would have DNT as a default. It It is is is not not not yet clear yet clear how how advertisers will advertisers will respond. respond. Geting Geting Geting a a a DNT DNT DNT signal signal signal does does does not not not oblige oblige anyone to stop tracking, although some companies have promised to do so. Unable to tell whether someone really objects to behavioural ads or whether they are sticking with Microsoft’s default, some may ignore a DNT signal and press on anyway . Also Also unclear unclear unclear is why is why Microsoft Microsoft has has has gone gone gone it it it alone. alone. alone. Atter Atter Atter all, all, all, it it it has has has an an an ad ad ad business too, business too, which it says will comply with DNT requests, though it is still working out how. If it is trying to upset Google, which relies almost wholly on default will become the norm. DNT does not seem an obviously obviously huge huge huge selling selling selling point point point for for for windows windows windows 8-though 8-though 8-though the the the firm firm firm has has has compared compared compared some some some of of of its its its other other products favourably with Google's on that count before. Brendon Lynch, Microsoft's chief privacy officer, bloggde:"we believe consumers should have more control." Could it really be that simple? 26. It is suggested in paragraph 1 that ―behaviouralǁ ads help advertisers to:[A] ease competition among themselves [B] lower their operational costs [C] avoid complaints from consumers [D] provide better online services 27. ―The industryǁ (Line 6,Para.3) refers to: [A] online advertisers [B] e-commerce conductors [C] digital information analysis [D] internet browser developers 28. Bob Liodice holds that setting DNT as a default [A] many cut the number of junk ads [B] fails to affect the ad industry [C] will not benefit consumers [D] goes against human nature 29. which of the following is ture according to Paragraph.6? [A] DNT may not serve its intended purpose [B] Advertisers are willing to implement DNT [C] DNT is losing its popularity among consumers [D] Advertisers are obliged to offer behavioural ads 30. The author's attitude towards what Brendon Lynch said in his blog is one of: [A] indulgence [B] understanding [C] appreciaction [D] skepticism Text 3 Now Now utopia utopia utopia has has has grown grown grown unfashionable, unfashionable, unfashionable, as we as we have have gained gained gained a a a deeper deeper deeper appreciation appreciation appreciation of of of the the range of threats facing us, from asteroid strike to pandemic flu to climate change. Y ou might even be tempted to assume that humanity has little future to look forward to. But But such such such gloominess gloominess gloominess is is is misplaced. misplaced. misplaced. The The The fossil fossil fossil record record record shows shows shows that that that many many many species species species have have endured for millions of years - so why shouldn't we? Take a broader look at our species' place in the universe, and it becomes clear that we have an excellent chance of surviving for tens, if not hundreds, of thousands of years (see "100,000 AD: Living Living in the deep future"). Look up in the deep future"). Look up Homo sapiens sapiens in in in the the the IUCN's IUCN's IUCN's "Red "Red "Red List" List" List" of of of threatened threatened threatened species, species, species, and and and you you you will will will read: read: read: "Listed "Listed "Listed as as as Least Least Concern as the species is very widely distributed, adaptable, currently increasing, and there are no major threats resulting in an overall population decline." So what does our deep future hold? A growing number of researchers and organisations are now thinking seriously about that question. For example, the Long Now Foundation, based in San Francisco, has created a forum where thinkers and scientists are invited to project the implications of of their their their ideas ideas ideas over over over very very very long long long timescales. timescales. timescales. Its Its Its flagship flagship flagship project project project is is is a mechanical a mechanical clock, clock, buried buried buried deep deep inside a mountain in Texas, that is designed to still be marking time thousands of years hence. Then Then there there there are are are scientists scientists scientists who who who are are are giving giving giving serious serious serious consideration consideration consideration to to to the the the idea idea idea that that that we we we should should recognise recognise a a a new new new geological geological geological era: era: era: the the the Anthropocene. Anthropocene. Anthropocene. They, They, They, too, too, too, are are are pulling pulling pulling the the the camera camera camera right right right back back and asking what humanity's impact will be on the planet - in the context of stratigraphic time. Perhaps perversely, it may be easier to think about such lengthy timescales than about the more immediate future. The potential evolution of today's technology, and its social consequences, consequences, is is is dazzlingly dazzlingly dazzlingly complicated, complicated, complicated, and and and it's it's it's perhaps perhaps perhaps best best best left left left to to to science-fiction writers science-fiction writers and futurologists to explore the many possibilities we can envisage. That's one reason why we have launched Arc, a new publication dedicated to the near future. But take a longer view and and there there is a surprising amount that we we can can say say with with considerable assurance. As so often, the past holds the key to the future: we have now identified enough enough of of of the the the long-term long-term long-term patterns patterns patterns shaping shaping shaping the the the history history history of of of the the the planet, planet, planet, and and and our our our species, species, species, to to to make make evidence-based forecasts about the situations in which our descendants will find themselves. This long perspective makes the pessimistic view of our prospects seem more likely to be a passing fad. To be sure, the future is not all rosy: while our species may flourish, a great many individuals individuals may may may not. not. not. But But But we we we are are are now now now knowledgeable knowledgeable knowledgeable enough enough enough to to to mitigate mitigate mitigate many many many of of of the the the risks risks risks that that threatened threatened the the the existence existence existence of of of earlier earlier earlier humans, humans, humans, and and and to to to improve improve improve the the the lot lot lot of of of those to come. Thinking those to come. Thinking about our place in deep time is a good way to focus on the challenges that confront us today, and to make a future worth living in.31. Our vision of the future used to be inspired by [A] our desire for ares of fulfillment [B] our faith in science and teched [C] our awareness of potential risks [D] our bdief in equal opportunity 32. The IUCN―Rod Listǁsuggest that human beings on[A] a sustained species [B] the word’s deminant power [C] a threat to the environment [D] a misplaced race 33. Which of the following is true according to Paragraph 5? [A] Arc helps limit the scope of futurological studies. [B] Technology offers solutions to social problem. [C] The interest in science fiction is on the rise. [D] Our Immediate future is hard to conceive. 34. To ensure the future of mankind, it is crucial to [A] explore our planet’s abundant resources.[B] adopt an optimistic view of the world. [C] draw on our experience from the past. [D] curb our ambition to reshape history. 35. Which of the following would be the best title for the text? [A] Uncertainty about Our Future [B] Evolution of the Human Species [C] The Ever-bright Prospects of Mankind. [D] Science, Technology and Humanity. Text 4 On a five to three vote, the Supreme Court knocked out much of Arizona’s immigration law Monday-a modest policy victory for the Obama Administration. But on the more important matter of the Constitution,the decision was an 8-0 defeat for the Administration’s effort to upset the balance of power between the federal government and the states. In Arizona v. United States, the majority overturned three of of the the the four four four contested contested provisions of Arizona’s controversial plan t o have state and local police enforce federal immigration law. The Constitutional principles that Washington alone has the power to ―establish a uniform Rule of Naturalization ǁand that federal laws precede state laws are noncontroversial . Arizona had attempted to fashion state policies that ran parallel to the existing federal ones. Justice Anthony Kennedy, joined by Chief Justice John Roberts and the Court’s liberals, ruled ruled that that that the the the state state state flew flew flew too close too close to to the the the federal federal federal sun. sun. sun. On On On the the the overturned overturned overturned provisions provisions provisions the majority the majority held held the the the congress congress congress had had had deliberately deliberately deliberately ―occupied ―occupied t he the the fieldǁ fieldǁ and and Arizona Arizona Arizona had had had thus thus thus intruded intruded intruded on on on the the federal’s privileged powers.However,the Justices said that Arizona police would be allowed to verify the legal status of of people people people who who who come come come in in in contact contact contact with with with law law law enforcement.That’s enforcement.That’s because because Congress Congress Congress has has has always always envisioned joint federal-state immigration enforcement and explic itly encourages state officers to share information and cooperate with federal colleagues. Two of the three objecting Justice-Samuel Alito and Clarence Thomas-agreed with this Constitutional logic but disagreed about which Arizona rules conflicted with the federal statute.The statute.The only only only major major major objection objection objection came came came from from from Justice Justice Justice Antonin Antonin Antonin Scalia,who Scalia,who Scalia,who offered offered offered an an an even even even more more robust defense of state privileges going back to the alien and Sedition Acts. The 8-0 objection to President Obama turns on what Justice Samuel Alito describes in his his objection objection objection as as as ―a ―a shocking shocking assertion assertion assertion assertion assertion assertion of of of federal federal federal executive executive executive powerǁ.The powerǁ.The powerǁ.The White White White House House argued that Arizona’s laws conflicted with its enforcement priorities,even if state laws complied with with federal statutes federal statutes to to the the the letter.In letter.In letter.In effect, effect, effect, the the the White White White House claimed House claimed that that it it it could could could invalidate invalidate invalidate any any otherwise legitimate state law that it disagrees with . Some powers do belong exclusively to the federal government, and control of citizenship and the borders is among them. But if Congress wanted to prevent states from using their own resources to check immigration status, it could. It never did so. The administration was in in essence essence essence asserting asserting asserting that that that because because because it it it didn’t want didn’t want to carry out out Congress’s Congress’s Congress’s immigration immigration immigration wishes, wishes, wishes, no no state should be allowed to do so either. Every Justice rightly rejected this remarkable claim.36. Three provisions of Arizona’s plan were overturned because they[A] deprived the federal police of Constitutional powers. [B] disturbed the power balance between different states. [C] overstepped the authority of federal immigration law. [D] contradicted both the federal and state policies. 37. On which of the following did the Justices agree,according to Paragraph4? [A] Federal officers’ duty to withhold immigrants’information.[B] States’ independence from federal immigration law.[C [C] States’ legitimate role in immigration enforcement.] States’ legitimate role in immigration enforcement.[D] Congress’s intervention in immigration enforcement.38. It can be inferred from Paragraph 5 that the Alien and Sedition Acts [A] violated the Constitution.[B] undermined the states’ interes ts. [C] supported the federal statute. [D] stood in favor of the states. 39. The White House claims that its power of enforcement [A] outweighs that held by the states. [B] is dependent on the states’ support.[C] is established by federal statutes. [D] rarely goes against state laws. 40. What can be learned from the last paragraph? [A] Immigration issues are usually decided by Congress. [B] Justices intended to check the power of the Administrstion. [C] Justices wanted to strengthen its coordination with Congress. [D] The Administration is dominant over immigration issues. Part BDirections: In In the the the following following following article, article, article, some some some sentences sentences sentences have have have been been been removed. removed. removed. For For For Questions Questions Questions 41-45, 41-45, choose the most suitable one from the list A-G to fit into each of the numbered blank. There are two extra choices, which do not fit in any of the gaps. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points) The social sciences are are flourishing.As flourishing.As of 2005,there were almost half a a million million professional professional social social social scientists scientists scientists from from from all all all fields fields fields in in in the the the world, world, world, working working working both both both inside inside inside and and and outside outside academia. academia. According According According to to to the the the W W orld Social Social Science Science Science Report Report Report 2010,the 2010,the 2010,the number number number of of of social-science social-science students worldwide has swollen by about 11% every year since 2000. Y et et this this this enormous enormous enormous resource resource resource in in in not not not co co contributing ntributing ntributing enough enough enough to to to today’s today’s today’s global global global challenges challenges including including climate climate climate change, change, change, security,sustainable security,sustainable security,sustainable development development development and and and health.(41)______Humanity health.(41)______Humanity health.(41)______Humanity has has the necessary agro-technological tools to eradicate hunger , from genetically engineered crops to arificial fertilizers . Here , too, the problems are social: the organization and distribution of food, wealth and prosperity. (42)____This is a shame—the community should be grasping the opportunity to raise its influence in the real world. To paraphrase the great social scientist Joseph Schumpeter:there is no radical innovation without creative destruction . Today Today ,the ,the ,the social social social sciences sciences sciences are are are largely largely largely focused focused focused on on on disciplinary disciplinary disciplinary problems problems problems and and and internal internal scholarly debates,rather than on topics with external impact. Analyses Analyses revearevea reveal l l that that that the the the number number number of of of papers papers papers including including the the keywords keywords keywords ―environmental ―environmental changedǁ or ―climate changeǁ have increased rapidly since 2004,(43)____When When social social social scientists scientists scientists do do do tackle tackle tackle practical practical practical issues ,their issues ,their scope scope is is is often often often local:Belgium local:Belgium local:Belgium is is interested mainly in the ef fects of poverty on Belgium for example .And whether the community’s work contributes much to an overall accumulation of knowledge is doubtful. The The problem problem problem is is is not not not necessarily necessarily necessarily the the the amount amount amount of of of available available available funding funding funding (44)____this (44)____this (44)____this is is is an an adequate amount so long as it is aimed in the right direction. Social scientists who complain about a lack of funding should not expect more in today’s economic climate.The The trick trick trick is is is to to to direct direct direct these these these funds funds funds better.The better.The European European Union Union Union Framework Framework Framework funding funding programs programs have have have long long long had had had a a a category category category specifically specifically targeted targeted at at at social social scientists.This scientists.This year,it year,it year,it was was proposed that system be changed:Horizon 2020,a new program to be enacted in 2014,would not have such a category ,This has resulted in protests from social scientists.But the intention is not to neglect social science ; rather ,the complete opposite.(45)____That should create more collaborative endeavors and help to develop projects aimed directly at solving global problems. [A] It could be that we are evolving two communities of social scientists:one that is discipline-oriented and publishing in highly 。
暨南大学翻译硕士汉语写作学位MTI考试真题2013年
暨南大学翻译硕士汉语写作学位MTI考试真题2013年(总分：150.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、{{B}}第一部分百科知识{{/B}}(总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、{{B}}(一)从四个选项中选择正确的一项。
{{/B}}(总题数：30，分数：30.00)1.《清明上河图》，中国十大传世名画之一，是北宋画家______的杰作。
∙ A.米芾∙ B.张择端∙ C.郭熙∙ D.吴道子（分数：1.00）A.B. √C.D.解析：[解析] 《清明上河图》是中国十大传世名画之一，是北宋画家张择端仅见的存世精品，被誉为“中华第一神品”，属国宝级文物，现藏于北京故宫博物院。
2.“低碳”是指______。
∙ A.减少碳水化合物∙ B.减少二氧化碳排放∙ C.减少一氧化碳排放∙ D.减少碳金属（分数：1.00）A.B. √C.D.解析：[解析] 低碳，意指较低(更低)的温室气体(二氧化碳为主)排放。
减少排放二氧化碳的生活则叫做低碳生活。
3.在“精卫填海”的故事里，“精卫”是______。
∙ A.一个巨人∙ B.一只鸟∙ C.一条大鱼∙ D.一条龙（分数：1.00）A.B. √D.解析：[解析] “精卫填海”的故事，出自中国上古奇书《山海经》。
相传太阳神炎帝有两个女儿，大女儿的名字叫瑶姬，小女儿的名字叫女娃。
因久居天宫无聊，有一天，女娃驾船游东海而溺，其不平的精灵化作花脑袋，白嘴壳，红色爪子的一种鸟，栖息在发鸠山，发出“精卫”“精卫”的悲鸣，人们便将此鸟叫作精卫鸟。
精卫衔草石由发鸠山飞往东海投入，誓言要填平东海。
4.古代六艺，“礼、乐、射、御、书、数”中的“御”是指______。
∙ A.舞蹈∙ B.下棋∙ C.武术∙ D.驾车（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D. √解析：[解析] 西周的学校实行“六艺”教育，所谓“六艺”是指礼(道德合礼仪规范)、乐(举行各种仪式时的音乐舞蹈)、射(射箭)、御(驾车)、书(书写)、数(计算)。
暨南大学2013年攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试(外国语言文学综合考试)试题
暨南大学2013年攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试（外国语言文学综合考试）试题
学科、专业名称：外国语言文学、外国语言学及应用语言学
研究方向：各研究方向
考试科目：外国语言文学综合考试共8 页第 1 页
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暨南大学考研真题2013
康师傅做产品目标都很明显，要做市场的领导者。康师傅在方便面、茶饮料上的成就一直被人广为称道。其实，康师傅的另一块主业，糕饼产品，在市场上的表现同样优秀。经过几年扎扎实实的市场耕耘，康师傅已然赶上并正在超越那些实力强劲的国际品牌，成为饼业市场的领袖。康师傅糕饼产品现在主要有“3+2”夹心、咸酥夹心、甜酥夹心，雪饼系列、彩笛卷、妙芙、乐芙球、巧芙派、蛋酥卷、蛋黄也酥酥、轻巧薄片等，在领导品牌之中，可以说是品类比较齐全的。
考生注意：所有答案必须写在答题纸（卷）上，写在本试题上一律不给分。
第一部分：管理学部分
一、单项选择题（5题×3分，共15分）
1.提出人际关系学说的是（）。
A、
法约尔
B、
梅奥
C、
韦伯
D、
德鲁克
2.比较常见的电子商务模式B2C（或称B to C）是指（）
A、
消费者之间的直接电子商务
B、
企业与直接个人消费者间的电子商务
四、综合题（1题×20分，共20分）
下面是某生产计划问题的线性规划模型及计算机求解后的部分输出结果，其中目标函数Z为不考虑固定费用的总利润（单位：元），变量Xj是第j种产品的产量，约束条件是各资源的限额以及产品产量的需求与限制。
MaxZ=80x1+95x2+90x3+60x4+100x5
s.t. x1+ x2+2x3+ x4+2x5≤1000（劳动力）
在产品包装方面，康师傅可谓下了不少功夫。康师傅推出蛋酥卷产品时候，市面上同类产品也是两极分化，低档产品大都包装很简单，是用简单的塑料袋包装。而高档产品比如“元朗”等包装都是采用金属罐，因为蛋卷产品易碎，所以金属罐包装既高档又安全，但金属罐的生产成本比较高，且运输成本也很高，因而导致产品的价格偏高。再者，金属罐不利于携带，普遍只适合在家里食用，这样就不利于反复购买。康师傅就认准了这一空档市场，把蛋酥卷的价格定位为在中档。康师傅蛋酥卷推出了普通装和家庭装产品，普通装采用彩印塑料袋加PVC结合包装，PVC有一定的硬度，对蛋卷产品有一定的保护作用，且轻巧、运输携带方便；家庭装则采用硬纸盒包装。这样就既省下了成本，又保证了包装的档次，还能有效防止产品的破碎，方便携带和运输。这样的产品推出，当然会受市场的欢迎。如今，康师傅蛋酥卷已稳居同类产品销售前列。
南京大学外国语学院《211翻译硕士英语》[专业硕士]历年考研真题及详解
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目 录2010年南京大学211翻译硕士英语考研真题及详解2011年南京大学211翻译硕士英语考研真题及详解2012年南京大学211翻译硕士英语考研真题及详解2013年南京大学211翻译硕士英语考研真题及详解2014年南京大学211翻译硕士英语考研真题及详解2010年南京大学211翻译硕士英语考研真题及详解Part O e: Proof ReadingThe following sentences contain some errors. Copy and edit them on your answer sheet. (1.5×10) 1．An important information I got from her is our teacher’s new marriage.2．She had a lot of difficulty with the long vowel /ei/, so I taught her how to pronounce.3．The tutor asked the pupils: “How to write an essay on your mother?”4．The volleyball players of our department went through very tough training for a whole semester and finally win the championship of the university.5．I felt frustrated and wondered why my English wasn’t improved even after having watched many movies and read many books.6．The news of the H1N1 flu worried the headmaster, but another news was upbeat: so far, everyone in his school was healthy.7．All of us in the class would like to become a teacher in the future.8．In high school, we had to take many classes, Chinese, English, physics, chemistry, mathematics and history and so on.9．The students found it dissatisfied that their hard work was not rewarded or recognized. 10．The university attaches great importance to teacher’s research and publications.【答案与解析】1．An: The（information为不可数名词，因此将An改为The。
2013年考研英语(一)、(二)真题、答案及解析[完整版]
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2013年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语(一)试题National Entrance Test of English for MA/MS Candidates(NETEM)Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark [A], [B], [C] or [D] on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)People are, on the whole, poor at considering background information when making individual. At first glance this might seem like a strength that 1 the ability to make judgment which are unbiased by 2 factors. But Dr Uri Simonsohn speculated that an inability to consider the big 3 was leading decision-makers to be biased by the daily samples of information they were working with. 4 , he theorized that a judges 5 of appearing too soft 6 crime might be more likely to send someone to prison 7 he had already sentenced five or six other defendants only to forced community service on that day.To 8 this idea, he turned to the university-admissions process. In theory, the 9 of an applicant should not depend on the few others 10 randomly for interview during the same day, but Dr Simonsohn suspected the truth was 11 .He studied the results of 9,323 MBA interviews 12 by 31 admissions officers. The interviews had 13 applicants on a scale of one to five .This scale 14 numerous factors into consideration. The scores were 15 used in conjunction with an applicant’s score on the Graduate Management Admission Test, or GMAT, a standardized exam which is 16 out of 800 points, to make a decision on whether to accept him or herDr Simonsohn found if the score of the previous candidate in a daily series of interviewees was 0.75 points or more higher than that of the one 17 that, then the score for the next applicant would 18 by an average of 0.075 points. This might sound small, but to 19 the effects of such a decrease a candidate would need 30 more GMAT points than would otherwise have been 20.1.[A] grants [B]submits [C]transmits [D]delivers2.[A]minor [B]objective [C]crucial [D]external3.[A]issue [B]vision [C]picture [D]moment4.[A]For example [B]On average [C]In principle [D]Above all5.[A]fond [B]fearful [C]capable [D]thoughtless6.[A]in [B]on [C]to [D]for7.[A]if [B]until [C]though [D]unless8.[A]promote [B]emphasize [C]share [D]test9.[A]decision [B]quality [C]status [D]success10.[A]chosen [B]studied [C]found [D]identified11. [A]exceptional [B]defensible [C]replaceable [D]otherwise12. [A]inspired [B]expressed [C]conducted [D]secured13. [A]assigned [B]rated [C]matched [D]arranged14. [A]put [B]got [C]gave [D]took15. [A]instead [B]then [C]ever [D]rather16. [A]selected [B]passed [C]marked [D]introduced17. [A]before [B]after [C]above [D]below18. [A]jump [B]flat [C]drop [D]fluctuate19. [A]achieve [B]undo [C]maintain [D]disregard20. [A]promising [B]possible [C]necessary [D]helpfulSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing [A], [B], [C] or [D]. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)Text 1In the 2006 film version of The Devil Wears Prada, Miranda Priestly, played by Meryl Streep, scold her unattractive assistant for imagining that high fashion doesn’t affect her. Priestly explains how the deep blue color of the assistant’s sweater descended over the years from fashion shows to department stores and to the bargain bin in which the poor girl doubtless found her garment.This top-down conception of the fashion business couldn’t be more out of date or at odds with feverish world described in Overdressed, Elizabeth Cline’s three-year indictment of “fast fashion”. In the last decades or so, advances in technology have allowed mass-market labels such as Zara, H&M, and Uniqlo to react to trends more quickly and anticipate demand more precisely. Quckier turnrounds mean less wasted inventory, more frequent releases, and more profit. Those labels encourage style-conscious consumers tosee clothes as disposal— meant to last only a wash or two, alth ough they don’t advertise that—and to renew their wardrobe every few weeks. By offering on-trend items at dirt-cheap prices, Cline argues, these brands have hijacked fashion cycles, shaking all industry long accustomed to a seasonal pace.The victims of this revolution, of course, are not limited to designers. For H&M to offer a 5.95 knit miniskirt in all its 2300-plus stores around the world, it must rely on low-wage, overseas labor, order in volumes that strain natural resources, and use massive amount of harmful chemicals.Overdressed is the fashion world’s answer to consumer activist bestsellers like Michael Pollan’s The Omnivore’s Dilemma. Mass-produced clothing, like fast food, fills a hunger and need, yet is non-durable, and wasteful,” Cline argues, Americans, she finds, buy roughly 20 billion garments a year—about 64 items per person—and no matter how much they give away, this excess leads to waste.Towards the end of Overdressed, Cline introduced her ideal, a Brooklyn woman named SKB, who, since 2008 has make all of her own clothes—and beautifully. But as Cline is the first to note, it took Beaumont decades to perfect her craft; her example, can’t be knocked off.Though several fast-fashion companies have made efforts to curb their impact on labor and the environment—including H&M, with its green Conscious Collection Line—Cline believes lasting-change can only be effected by the customer. She exhibits the idealism common to many advocates of sustainability, be it in food or in energy. Vanity is a constant; people will only start shopping more sustainably when they can’t afford to it.21. Priestly criticizes her assistant for her ______.[A] poor bargaining skill [B] insensitivity to fashion[C] obsession with high fashion [D] lack of imagination22. According to Cline, mass-market labels urge consumers to ______.[A] combat unnecessary waste [B] shut out the feverish fashion world[C] resist the influence of advertisements [D] shop for their garments more frequently23. The word “indictment” (Line 3, Para.2) is closest in meaning to[A] accusation. [B] enthusiasm. [C] indifference. [D] tolerance.24. Which of the following can be inferred from the last paragraph?[A] V anity has more often been found in idealists.[B] The fast-fashion industry ignores sustainability.[C] People are more interested in unaffordable garments.[D] Pricing is vital to environment-friendly purchasing.25. What is the subject of the text?[A] Satire on an extravagant lifestyle[B] Challenge to a high-fashion myth[C] Criticism of the fast-fashion industry[D] Exposure of a mass-market secret.Text 2An old saying has it that half of all advertising budgets are wasted-the trouble is, no one knows which half. In the internet age, at least in theory, this fraction can be much reduced. By watching what people search for, click on and say online, companies can aim “behavioural” ads at those most likely to buy.In the past couple of weeks a quarrel has illustrated the value to advertisers of such fine-grained information: Should advertisers assume that people are happy to be tracked and sent behavioural ads? Or should they have explicit permission?In December 2010 America's Federal Trade Cornmission (FTC) proposed adding a "do not track "(DNT) option to internet browsers ,so that users could tell advertisers that they did not want to be followed .Microsoft's Internet Explorer and Apple's Safari both offer DNT; Google's Chrome is due to do so this year. In February the FTC and Digital Advertising Alliance (DAA) agreed that the industry would get cracking on responding to DNT requests.On May 31st Microsoft Set off the row: It said that Internet Explorer 10, the version due to appear windows 8, would have DNT as a default.It is not yet clear how advertisers will respond. Getting a DNT signal does not oblige anyone to stop tracking, although some companies have promised to do so. Unable to tell whether someone really objects to behavioural ads or whether they are sticking with Microsoft’s default, some may ignore a DNT signal and press on anyway.Also unclear is why Microsoft has gone it alone. After all, it has an ad business too, which it says will comply with DNT requests, though it is still working out how. If it is trying to upset Google, which relies almost wholly on default will become the norm. DNT does not seem an obviously huge selling point for windows 8-though the firm has compared some of its other products favourably with Google's on that count before.Brendon Lynch, Microsoft's chief privacy officer, blogged: “we believe consumers should have more control.” Could it really be that simple?26. It is suggested in paragraph 1 that “behavioural” ads help advertisers to ______.[A] ease competition among themselves [B] lower their operational costs[C] avoid complaints from consumers [D] provide better online services27. “The industry” (Line 6,Para.3) refers to ______.[A] online advertisers [B] e-commerce conductors[C] digital information analysis [D] internet browser developers28. Bob Liodice holds that setting DNT as a default ______.[A] many cut the number of junk ads [B] fails to affect the ad industry[C] will not benefit consumers [D] goes against human nature29. Which of the following is true according to Paragraph.6?[A] DNT may not serve its intended purpose[B] Advertisers are willing to implement DNT[C] DNT is losing its popularity among consumers[D] Advertisers are obliged to offer behavioural ads30. The author’s attitude towards what Brendon Lynch said in his blog is one of ______.[A] indulgence [B] understanding [C] appreciation [D] skepticismText 3Up until a few decades ago, our visions of the future were largely - though by no means uniformly - glowingly positive. Science and technology would cure all the ills of humanity, leading to lives of fulfillment and opportunity for all.Now utopia has grown unfashionable, as we have gained a deeper appreciation of the range of threats facing us, from asteroid strike to epidemic flu and to climate change. You might even be tempted to assume that humanity has little future to look forward to.But such gloominess is misplaced. The fossil record shows that many species have endured for millions of years—so why shouldn't we? Take a broader look at our species’place in the universe, and it becomes clear that we have an excellent chance of surviving for tens, if not hundreds, of thousands of years. Look up Homo sapiens in the “Red List” of threatened species of the International Union for the Conversation of Nature (IUCN) ,and you will read: “Listed as Least Concern as the species is very widely distributed, adaptable, currently increasing, and there are no major threats resulting in an overall population decline.”So what does our deep future hold? A growing number of researchers and organizations are now thinking seriously about that question. For example, the Long Now Foundation has its flagship project a medical clock that is designed to still be marking time thousands of years hence.Perhaps willfully, it may be easier to think about such lengthy timescales than about the more immediate future. The potential evolution of today’s technology, and its social consequences, is dazzlingly complicated, and it’s perhaps best left to science fiction writers and futurologists to explore the many possibilities we can envisage. That's one reason why we have launched Arc, a new publication dedicated to the near future.But take a longer view and there is a surprising amount that we can say with considerable assurance. As so often, the past holds the key to the future: we have now identified enough of the long-term patterns shaping the history of the planet, and our species, to make evidence-based forecasts about the situations in which our descendants will find themselves.31. Our vision of the future used to be inspired by ______.[A] our desire for lives of fulfillment [B] our faith in science and technology[C] our awareness of potential risks [D] our belief in equal opportunity32. The IUCN’s “Red List” suggest that human being are ______.[A] a sustained species [B] a threaten to the environment[C] the world’s dominant power [D] a misplaced race33. Which of the following is true according to Paragraph 5?[A] Arc helps limit the scope of futurological studies.[B] Technology offers solutions to social problem.[C] The interest in science fiction is on the rise.[D] Our Immediate future is hard to conceive.34. To ensure the future of mankind, it is crucial to ______.[A] explore our planet’s abundant resources[B] adopt an optimistic view of the world[C] draw on our experience from the past [D] curb our ambition to reshape history35. Which of the following would be the best title for the text?[A] Uncertainty about Our Future [B] Evolution of the Human Species[C] The Ever-bright Prospects of Mankind [D] Science, Technology and HumanityText 4On a five to three vote，the Supreme Court knocked out much of Arizona’s immigration law Monday-a modest policy victory for the Obama Administration. But on the more important matter of the Construction, the decision was an 8-0 defeat for the Administration’s effort to upset. The balance of power between the federal government and the states.In Arizona v United States ，the majority overturned three of the four contested provision of Arizena’s controversial plan plan to have states and local police enforce federal immigration law. The Construction principles that Washington alone has power to “establish a uniform Rule of Naturalization” and that federal laws precede states laws are noncontroversial. Arizona had attempted to fashion state polices that ran parallel to the existing federal ones.Justice Anthory Kennedy，joined by Chief Justice John Robrts and the Court’s liberals，ruled that the state flew too close to the federal sun. on the overturned provisions the majority held the congress had deliberately “occupied the field”and Arizona had thus intruded on the federal’s privileged powers.However，the Justices said that Arizona police would be allowed to verify the legal status of people who come in contact with law enforcement .That’s because Congress has always envisioned joint federal-state immigration enforcement and explicitly encourages state officers to share information and cooperate with federal colleagues.Two of the three objecting Justice-Samuel Alito and Clarence Thomas-agreed with this Constitutional logic but disagreed about which Arizona rules conflicted with federal statute. The only major objection came from Justice Antonin Scalia, who offered an even more robust defense of state privileges going back to the alien and Sedition Acts.The 8-0 objection to President Obama turns on what Justice Samuel Alito describes in his objection as “a shocking assertion of federal executive power”. The White House argued that Arizona’s laws conflicted with its enforcement priorities ,even if state laws complied with federal statutes to the letter .In effect, the White House claimed that it claimed that it could invalidate any otherwise legitimate state law that it disagrees with.Some powers do belong exclusively to the federal government, and control of citizenship and the borders is among them. But if Congress wanted to prevent states from using their own resources to check immigration status, it could. It never did so. The administration was in essence asserting that because it didn’t want to carry out Congress’s immigration wishes, no state should be allowed to do so either. Every Justice rightly rejected this remarkable claim.36. The provisions of Arizona’s plan were overturned because they ______.[A]deprived the federal police of Constitutional powers[B]disturbed the power balance between different states[C]overstepped the authority of federal immigration law[D]contradicted both the federal and state policies37. On which of the following did the Justices agree, according to Paragraph 4?[A]Federal officers’ duty to withhold immigrants’ information[B]States’ independence from federal immigration law[C]States’ legitimate role in immigration enforcement[D]Congress’s intervention in immigration enforcement38. It can be inferred from Paragraph 5 that the Alien and Sedition Acts ______.[A]violated the Constitution [B]undermined the states’ interests[C]supported the federal statute [D]stood in favor of the states39. The White House claims that its power of enforcement ______.[A] Outweighs that held by the states [B] Is dependent on the states’ support[C] Is established by federal statutes [D] Rarely goes against state laws40. What can be learned from the last paragraph?[A] Immigration issues are usually decided by Congress.[B] Justices intended to check the power of the Administration.[C] Justices wanted to strengthen its coordination with Congress.[D] The Administration is dominant over immigration issues.Part BDirections:In the following text, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 41-45, choose the most suitable one from the list A-G to fit into each of the numbered blanks. There are two extra choices, which do not fit in any of the blanks. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET1.（10 points）The social sciences are flourishing. As of 2005, there were almost half a millionprofessional social scientists from all fields in the world, working both inside and outside academia. According to the World Social Science Report 2010, the number of social-science students worldwide has swollen by about 11% every year since 2000.Yet this enormous resource in not contributing enough to today’s global challenges including climate change, security, sustainable development and health. (41)__________ Humanity has the necessary agro-technological tools to eradicate hunger, from genetically engineered crops to artificial fertilizers. Here, too, the problems are social: the organization and distribution of food, wealth and prosperity.(42)__________This is a shame—the community should be grasping the opportunity to raise its influence in the real world. To paraphrase the great social scientist Joseph Schumpeter: there is no radical innovation without creative destruction.Today, the social sciences are largely focused on disciplinary problems and internal scholarly debates, rather than on topics with external impact.Analyses reveal that the number of papers including the keywords “environmental changed” or “climate change” have increased rapidly since 2004, (43)__________ When social scientists do tackle practical issues, their scope is often local: Belgium is interested mainly in the effects of poverty on Belgium for example. And whether the community’s work contributes much to an overall accumulation of knowledge is doubtful.The problem is not necessarily the amount of available funding (44)__________ this is an adequate amount so long as it is aimed in the right direction. Social scientists who complain about a lack of funding should not expect more in today’s economic climate.The trick is to direct these funds better. The European Union Framework funding programs have long had a category specifically targeted at social scientists. This year, it was proposed that system be changed: Horizon 2020, a new program to be enacted in 2014,would not have such a category ,This has resulted in protests from social scientists. But the intention is not to neglect social science; rather, the complete opposite. (45) __________That should create more collaborative endeavors and help to develop projects aimed directly at solving global problems.[A] It could be that we are evolving two communities of social scientists: one that is discipline-oriented and publishing in highly specialized journals, and one that is problem- oriented and publishing elsewhere, such as policy briefs.[B] However, the numbers are still small: in 2010, about 1,600 of the 100,000 social-sciences papers published globally included one of these keywords.[C] the idea is to force social to integrate their work with other categories, including health and demographic change food security, marine research and the bio-economy, clear, efficient energy; and inclusive, innovative and secure societies.[D] the solution is to change the mindset of the academic community, and what it considers to be its main goal. Global challenges and social innovation ought to receive much more attention from scientists, especially the young ones.[E] These issues all have root causes in human behavior. All require behavioral change and social innovations, as well as technological development. Stemming climate change, for example, is as much about changing consumption patterns and promoting tax acceptance as it is about developing clean energy.[F] Despite these factors, many social scientists seem reluctant to tackle such problems. And in Europe, some are up in arms over a proposal to drop a specific funding category for social-science research and to integrate it within cross-cutting topics of sustainable development.[G] During the late 1990s , national spending on social sciences and the humanities as a percentage of all research and development funds-including government, higher education, non-profit and corporate-varied from around 4% to 25%; in most European nations, it is about 15%.Section III TranslationDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (10 points) It is speculated that gardens arise from a basic need in the individuals who made them: the need for creative expression. There is no doubt that gardens evidence an impossible urge to create, express, fashion, and beautify and that self-expression is a basic human urge;(46) yet when one looks at the photographs of the garden created by the homeless, it strikes one that, for all their diversity of styles, these gardens speak of various other fundamental urges, beyond that of decoration and creative expression.One of these urges had to do with creating a state of peace in the midst of turbulence, a “still point of the turning world,” to borrow a phrase from T. S. Eliot. (47)A sacred place of peace, however crude it may be, is a distinctly human need, as opposed to shelter, which isa distinctly animal need. This distinction is so much so that where the latter is lacking, as it is for these unlikely gardens, the former becomes all the more urgent. Composure is a state of mind made possible by the structuring of one’s relation to one’s environment. (48) The gardens of the homeless which are in effect homeless gardens introduce from into an urban environment where it either didn’t exist or was not discernible as such. In so doing they give composure to a segment of the inarticulate environment in which they take their stand.Another urge or need that these gardens appear to respond to, or to arise from is so intrinsic that we are barely ever conscious of its abiding claims on us. When we are deprived of green, of plants, of trees, (49)most of us give into a demoralization of spirit which we usually blame on some psychological conditions, until one day we find ourselves in garden and feel the expression vanish as if by magic. In most of the homeless gardens of New Y ork City the actual cultivation of plants is unfeasible, yet even so the compositions often seem to represent attempts to call arrangement of materials, an institution of colors, small pool of water, and a frequent presence of petals or leaves as well as of stuffed animals. On display here are various fantasy elements whose reference, at some basic level, seems to be the natural world. (50)It is this implicit or explicit reference to nature that fully justifies the use of word garden though in a “liberated”sense, to describe these synthetic constructions.Section IV WritingPart A51. Directions:Write an email of about 100 words to a foreign teacher in your college inviting him/her to be a judge for the upcoming English speech contest.You should include the details you think necessary.You should write neatly on the ANSWER SHEET.Do not sign your own name at the end of the e-mail Use “Li Ming” instead.Do not write the address.Part B52. Directions:Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay, you should1) describe the drawing briefly, 2) interpret its intended meaning, and3) give your commentsYou should write neatly on ANSWER SHEET2.（20 points）2013年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语(一)试题答案Section I Use of English (10 points)1-5. ADCAB 6-10. BADDA 11-15. DCBDB 16-20. CACBCSection II Reading Comprehension (50 points)Part A (40 points) 21-25. BDADC 26-30. BDCAD 31-35. BADCC 36-40. CCDAD Part B (10 points) 41-45. EFBGCSection ⅢTranslation (10 points)46. 然而，当人们观看那些由无家可归的人创建的花园的照片时，人们能会深深的震撼。
暨南大学翻译硕士英语学位MTI考试真题2013年
暨南大学翻译硕士英语学位MTI考试真题2013年(总分：150.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、Ⅰ. Word Translation (总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、Section A: English to Chinese(总题数：15，分数：15.00)1.EU（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：欧盟(European Union)2.WPC（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：世界和平理事会(World Peace Council)3.OPEC（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：石油输出国组织(Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries)4.NASA（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：美国国家航空航天局(National Aeronautics and Space Administration)CG（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：美国海岸警卫队(United States Coast Guard)6.FTA（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：自由贸易区(Free Trade Area)7.TPP（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：泛太平洋战略经济伙伴关系协定(Trans-Pacific Strategic Economic Partnership)8.America"s "Return to the Asian-Pacific"（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：美国重返亚太地区9.Association of Southeast Asian Nations（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：东南亚国家联盟10.International Atomic Energy Agency（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：国际原子能组织11.currency manipulator（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：货币操纵国12.International Translation Day（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：国际翻译日13.National Missile Defense（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：国家导弹防御系统14.power abuse（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：滥用职权-Japan Security Treaty（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：《美日安全保障条约》三、Section B: Chinese to English(总题数：15，分数：15.00)16.国务院侨务办公室（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：Overseas Chinese Affairs Office of the State Council17.国家文物局（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：State Administration of Cultural Heritage18.国家烟草专卖局（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：State Tobacco Monopoly Bureau19.国家宗教事务局（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：State Administration for Religious Affairs20.西方七国首脑会议（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：G7 Summit21.岗位培训（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：on-the-job training22.海洋资源（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：marine resources23.民生（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：people"s livelihood24.差额选举（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：a marginal election25.建立市场导向的就业机制（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：establish a market-oriented employment mechanism26.资源节约型与环境保护型社会（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：resource-conservative and environment-friendly society27.文化逆差（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：cultural deficit28.《三国演义》（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：Romance of the Three Kingdoms29.《十面埋伏》(古曲)（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：Chu King Unarming30.逾期贷款（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：overdue loan四、Ⅱ. Passage Translation (总题数：0，分数：0.00)五、Section A: English to Chinese(总题数：1，分数：60.00)31.A reader in Florida, apparently bruised by some personal experience, writes in to complain, "If I steal a nickel"s worth of merchandize, I am a thief and punished; but if I steal the love of another man"s wife, I am free." This is a prevalent misconception in many people"s minds—that love, like merchandize, can be "stolen". Numerous states, in fact, have enacted laws allowing damages for "alienation of affections".But love is not a commodity; the real thing cannot be bought, sold, traded or stolen. It is anact of the will, turning of the emotions, a change in the climate of the personality.When a husband or wife is "stolen" by another person, that husband or wife was already ripe for the stealing, was already predisposed toward a new partner. The "love bandit" was only taking what was waiting to be taken, what wanted to be taken.We tend to treat persons like goods. We even speak of children "belonging" to their parents. But nobody "belongs" to anyone else. Each person belongs to himself and to God. Children are entrusted to their parents, and if their parents do not treat them properly, the state has the right to remove them from their parents" trusteeship.Many of us, when young, had the experience of a sweetheart being taken away from us by somebody more attractive and more appealing. At the time, we may have resented this intruder—but as we grew older, we recognized that the sweetheart had never been ours to begin with. It was not the intruder that "caused" the break, but the lack of a real relationship.On the surface, many marriages seem to break up because of a "third party". This is, however, a psychological illusion. The other woman or the other man merely serves as a pretext for dissolving a marriage that had already lost its essential integrity.Nothing is more futile and more self-defeating than the bitterness of spurned love, the vengeful feeling that someone else has "come between" oneself and a beloved. This is always a distortion of reality, for people are not the captive of victims of others—they are free agents, working out their own destinies for good or for ill.But the rejected lover or mate cannot afford to believe that his beloved has freely turned away from him—and so he ascribes sinister or magical properties to the interloper. He calls him hypnotist or a thief or a home-breaker. In the majority of cases, however, when a home is broken, the breaking has begun long before any "third party" has appeared on the scene.（分数：60.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：一位来自佛罗里达州的读者来信向我抱怨，他似乎有过什么受伤的经历。
2013年考研英语(一)、(二)真题、答案及解析[完整版]
2013年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语(一)试题National Entrance Test of English for MA/MS Candidates(NETEM)Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark [A], [B], [C] or [D] on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)People are, on the whole, poor at considering background information when making individual. At first glance this might seem like a strength that 1 the ability to make judgment which are unbiased by 2 factors. But Dr Uri Simonsohn speculated that an inability to consider the big 3 was leading decision-makers to be biased by the daily samples of information they were working with. 4 , he theorized that a judges 5 of appearing too soft 6 crime might be more likely to send someone to prison 7 he had already sentenced five or six other defendants only to forced community service on that day.To 8 this idea, he turned to the university-admissions process. In theory, the 9 of an applicant should not depend on the few others 10 randomly for interview during the same day, but Dr Simonsohn suspected the truth was 11 .He studied the results of 9,323 MBA interviews 12 by 31 admissions officers. The interviews had 13 applicants on a scale of one to five .This scale 14 numerous factors into consideration. The scores were 15 used in conjunction with an applicant’s score on the Graduate Management Admission Test, or GMAT, a standardized exam which is 16 out of 800 points, to make a decision on whether to accept him or herDr Simonsohn found if the score of the previous candidate in a daily series of interviewees was 0.75 points or more higher than that of the one 17 that, then the score for the next applicant would 18 by an average of 0.075 points. This might sound small, but to 19 the effects of such a decrease a candidate would need 30 more GMAT points than would otherwise have been 20.1.[A] grants [B]submits [C]transmits [D]delivers2.[A]minor [B]objective [C]crucial [D]external3.[A]issue [B]vision [C]picture [D]moment4.[A]For example [B]On average [C]In principle [D]Above all5.[A]fond [B]fearful [C]capable [D]thoughtless6.[A]in [B]on [C]to [D]for7.[A]if [B]until [C]though [D]unless8.[A]promote [B]emphasize [C]share [D]test9.[A]decision [B]quality [C]status [D]success10.[A]chosen [B]studied [C]found [D]identified11. [A]exceptional [B]defensible [C]replaceable [D]otherwise12. [A]inspired [B]expressed [C]conducted [D]secured13. [A]assigned [B]rated [C]matched [D]arranged14. [A]put [B]got [C]gave [D]took15. [A]instead [B]then [C]ever [D]rather16. [A]selected [B]passed [C]marked [D]introduced17. [A]before [B]after [C]above [D]below18. [A]jump [B]flat [C]drop [D]fluctuate19. [A]achieve [B]undo [C]maintain [D]disregard20. [A]promising [B]possible [C]necessary [D]helpfulSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing [A], [B], [C] or [D]. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)Text 1In the 2006 film version of The Devil Wears Prada, Miranda Priestly, played by Meryl Streep, scold her unattractive assistant for imagining that high fashion doesn’t affect her. Priestly explains how the deep blue color of the assistant’s sweater descended over the years from fashion shows to department stores and to the bargain bin in which the poor girl doubtless found her garment.This top-down conception of the fashion business couldn’t be more out of date or at odds with feverish world described in Overdressed, Elizabeth Cline’s three-year indictment of “fast fashion”. In the last decades or so, advances in technology have allowed mass-market labels such as Zara, H&M, and Uniqlo to react to trends more quickly and anticipate demand more precisely. Quckier turnrounds mean less wasted inventory, more frequent releases, and more profit. Those labels encourage style-conscious consumers tosee clothes as disposal— meant to last only a wash or two, alth ough they don’t advertise that—and to renew their wardrobe every few weeks. By offering on-trend items at dirt-cheap prices, Cline argues, these brands have hijacked fashion cycles, shaking all industry long accustomed to a seasonal pace.The victims of this revolution, of course, are not limited to designers. For H&M to offer a 5.95 knit miniskirt in all its 2300-plus stores around the world, it must rely on low-wage, overseas labor, order in volumes that strain natural resources, and use massive amount of harmful chemicals.Overdressed is the fashion world’s answer to consumer activist bestsellers like Michael Pollan’s The Omnivore’s Dilemma. Mass-produced clothing, like fast food, fills a hunger and need, yet is non-durable, and wasteful,” Cline argues, Americans, she finds, buy roughly 20 billion garments a year—about 64 items per person—and no matter how much they give away, this excess leads to waste.Towards the end of Overdressed, Cline introduced her ideal, a Brooklyn woman named SKB, who, since 2008 has make all of her own clothes—and beautifully. But as Cline is the first to note, it took Beaumont decades to perfect her craft; her example, can’t be knocked off.Though several fast-fashion companies have made efforts to curb their impact on labor and the environment—including H&M, with its green Conscious Collection Line—Cline believes lasting-change can only be effected by the customer. She exhibits the idealism common to many advocates of sustainability, be it in food or in energy. Vanity is a constant; people will only start shopping more sustainably when they can’t afford to it.21. Priestly criticizes her assistant for her ______.[A] poor bargaining skill [B] insensitivity to fashion[C] obsession with high fashion [D] lack of imagination22. According to Cline, mass-market labels urge consumers to ______.[A] combat unnecessary waste [B] shut out the feverish fashion world[C] resist the influence of advertisements [D] shop for their garments more frequently23. The word “indictment” (Line 3, Para.2) is closest in meaning to[A] accusation. [B] enthusiasm. [C] indifference. [D] tolerance.24. Which of the following can be inferred from the last paragraph?[A] V anity has more often been found in idealists.[B] The fast-fashion industry ignores sustainability.[C] People are more interested in unaffordable garments.[D] Pricing is vital to environment-friendly purchasing.25. What is the subject of the text?[A] Satire on an extravagant lifestyle[B] Challenge to a high-fashion myth[C] Criticism of the fast-fashion industry[D] Exposure of a mass-market secret.Text 2An old saying has it that half of all advertising budgets are wasted-the trouble is, no one knows which half. In the internet age, at least in theory, this fraction can be much reduced. By watching what people search for, click on and say online, companies can aim “behavioural” ads at those most likely to buy.In the past couple of weeks a quarrel has illustrated the value to advertisers of such fine-grained information: Should advertisers assume that people are happy to be tracked and sent behavioural ads? Or should they have explicit permission?In December 2010 America's Federal Trade Cornmission (FTC) proposed adding a "do not track "(DNT) option to internet browsers ,so that users could tell advertisers that they did not want to be followed .Microsoft's Internet Explorer and Apple's Safari both offer DNT; Google's Chrome is due to do so this year. In February the FTC and Digital Advertising Alliance (DAA) agreed that the industry would get cracking on responding to DNT requests.On May 31st Microsoft Set off the row: It said that Internet Explorer 10, the version due to appear windows 8, would have DNT as a default.It is not yet clear how advertisers will respond. Getting a DNT signal does not oblige anyone to stop tracking, although some companies have promised to do so. Unable to tell whether someone really objects to behavioural ads or whether they are sticking with Microsoft’s default, some may ignore a DNT signal and press on anyway.Also unclear is why Microsoft has gone it alone. After all, it has an ad business too, which it says will comply with DNT requests, though it is still working out how. If it is trying to upset Google, which relies almost wholly on default will become the norm. DNT does not seem an obviously huge selling point for windows 8-though the firm has compared some of its other products favourably with Google's on that count before.Brendon Lynch, Microsoft's chief privacy officer, blogged: “we believe consumers should have more control.” Could it really be that simple?26. It is suggested in paragraph 1 that “behavioural” ads help advertisers to ______.[A] ease competition among themselves [B] lower their operational costs[C] avoid complaints from consumers [D] provide better online services27. “The industry” (Line 6,Para.3) refers to ______.[A] online advertisers [B] e-commerce conductors[C] digital information analysis [D] internet browser developers28. Bob Liodice holds that setting DNT as a default ______.[A] many cut the number of junk ads [B] fails to affect the ad industry[C] will not benefit consumers [D] goes against human nature29. Which of the following is true according to Paragraph.6?[A] DNT may not serve its intended purpose[B] Advertisers are willing to implement DNT[C] DNT is losing its popularity among consumers[D] Advertisers are obliged to offer behavioural ads30. The author’s attitude towards what Brendon Lynch said in his blog is one of ______.[A] indulgence [B] understanding [C] appreciation [D] skepticismText 3Up until a few decades ago, our visions of the future were largely - though by no means uniformly - glowingly positive. Science and technology would cure all the ills of humanity, leading to lives of fulfillment and opportunity for all.Now utopia has grown unfashionable, as we have gained a deeper appreciation of the range of threats facing us, from asteroid strike to epidemic flu and to climate change. You might even be tempted to assume that humanity has little future to look forward to.But such gloominess is misplaced. The fossil record shows that many species have endured for millions of years—so why shouldn't we? Take a broader look at our species’place in the universe, and it becomes clear that we have an excellent chance of surviving for tens, if not hundreds, of thousands of years. Look up Homo sapiens in the “Red List” of threatened species of the International Union for the Conversation of Nature (IUCN) ,and you will read: “Listed as Least Concern as the species is very widely distributed, adaptable, currently increasing, and there are no major threats resulting in an overall population decline.”So what does our deep future hold? A growing number of researchers and organizations are now thinking seriously about that question. For example, the Long Now Foundation has its flagship project a medical clock that is designed to still be marking time thousands of years hence.Perhaps willfully, it may be easier to think about such lengthy timescales than about the more immediate future. The potential evolution of today’s technology, and its social consequences, is dazzlingly complicated, and it’s perhaps best left to science fiction writers and futurologists to explore the many possibilities we can envisage. That's one reason why we have launched Arc, a new publication dedicated to the near future.But take a longer view and there is a surprising amount that we can say with considerable assurance. As so often, the past holds the key to the future: we have now identified enough of the long-term patterns shaping the history of the planet, and our species, to make evidence-based forecasts about the situations in which our descendants will find themselves.31. Our vision of the future used to be inspired by ______.[A] our desire for lives of fulfillment [B] our faith in science and technology[C] our awareness of potential risks [D] our belief in equal opportunity32. The IUCN’s “Red List” suggest that human being are ______.[A] a sustained species [B] a threaten to the environment[C] the world’s dominant power [D] a misplaced race33. Which of the following is true according to Paragraph 5?[A] Arc helps limit the scope of futurological studies.[B] Technology offers solutions to social problem.[C] The interest in science fiction is on the rise.[D] Our Immediate future is hard to conceive.34. To ensure the future of mankind, it is crucial to ______.[A] explore our planet’s abundant resources[B] adopt an optimistic view of the world[C] draw on our experience from the past [D] curb our ambition to reshape history35. Which of the following would be the best title for the text?[A] Uncertainty about Our Future [B] Evolution of the Human Species[C] The Ever-bright Prospects of Mankind [D] Science, Technology and HumanityText 4On a five to three vote，the Supreme Court knocked out much of Arizona’s immigration law Monday-a modest policy victory for the Obama Administration. But on the more important matter of the Construction, the decision was an 8-0 defeat for the Administration’s effort to upset. The balance of power between the federal government and the states.In Arizona v United States ，the majority overturned three of the four contested provision of Arizena’s controversial plan plan to have states and local police enforce federal immigration law. The Construction principles that Washington alone has power to “establish a uniform Rule of Naturalization” and that federal laws precede states laws are noncontroversial. Arizona had attempted to fashion state polices that ran parallel to the existing federal ones.Justice Anthory Kennedy，joined by Chief Justice John Robrts and the Court’s liberals，ruled that the state flew too close to the federal sun. on the overturned provisions the majority held the congress had deliberately “occupied the field”and Arizona had thus intruded on the federal’s privileged powers.However，the Justices said that Arizona police would be allowed to verify the legal status of people who come in contact with law enforcement .That’s because Congress has always envisioned joint federal-state immigration enforcement and explicitly encourages state officers to share information and cooperate with federal colleagues.Two of the three objecting Justice-Samuel Alito and Clarence Thomas-agreed with this Constitutional logic but disagreed about which Arizona rules conflicted with federal statute. The only major objection came from Justice Antonin Scalia, who offered an even more robust defense of state privileges going back to the alien and Sedition Acts.The 8-0 objection to President Obama turns on what Justice Samuel Alito describes in his objection as “a shocking assertion of federal executive power”. The White House argued that Arizona’s laws conflicted with its enforcement priorities ,even if state laws complied with federal statutes to the letter .In effect, the White House claimed that it claimed that it could invalidate any otherwise legitimate state law that it disagrees with.Some powers do belong exclusively to the federal government, and control of citizenship and the borders is among them. But if Congress wanted to prevent states from using their own resources to check immigration status, it could. It never did so. The administration was in essence asserting that because it didn’t want to carry out Congress’s immigration wishes, no state should be allowed to do so either. Every Justice rightly rejected this remarkable claim.36. The provisions of Arizona’s plan were overturned because they ______.[A]deprived the federal police of Constitutional powers[B]disturbed the power balance between different states[C]overstepped the authority of federal immigration law[D]contradicted both the federal and state policies37. On which of the following did the Justices agree, according to Paragraph 4?[A]Federal officers’ duty to withhold immigrants’ information[B]States’ independence from federal immigration law[C]States’ legitimate role in immigration enforcement[D]Congress’s intervention in immigration enforcement38. It can be inferred from Paragraph 5 that the Alien and Sedition Acts ______.[A]violated the Constitution [B]undermined the states’ interests[C]supported the federal statute [D]stood in favor of the states39. The White House claims that its power of enforcement ______.[A] Outweighs that held by the states [B] Is dependent on the states’ support[C] Is established by federal statutes [D] Rarely goes against state laws40. What can be learned from the last paragraph?[A] Immigration issues are usually decided by Congress.[B] Justices intended to check the power of the Administration.[C] Justices wanted to strengthen its coordination with Congress.[D] The Administration is dominant over immigration issues.Part BDirections:In the following text, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 41-45, choose the most suitable one from the list A-G to fit into each of the numbered blanks. There are two extra choices, which do not fit in any of the blanks. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET1.（10 points）The social sciences are flourishing. As of 2005, there were almost half a millionprofessional social scientists from all fields in the world, working both inside and outside academia. According to the World Social Science Report 2010, the number of social-science students worldwide has swollen by about 11% every year since 2000.Yet this enormous resource in not contributing enough to today’s global challenges including climate change, security, sustainable development and health. (41)__________ Humanity has the necessary agro-technological tools to eradicate hunger, from genetically engineered crops to artificial fertilizers. Here, too, the problems are social: the organization and distribution of food, wealth and prosperity.(42)__________This is a shame—the community should be grasping the opportunity to raise its influence in the real world. To paraphrase the great social scientist Joseph Schumpeter: there is no radical innovation without creative destruction.Today, the social sciences are largely focused on disciplinary problems and internal scholarly debates, rather than on topics with external impact.Analyses reveal that the number of papers including the keywords “environmental changed” or “climate change” have increased rapidly since 2004, (43)__________ When social scientists do tackle practical issues, their scope is often local: Belgium is interested mainly in the effects of poverty on Belgium for example. And whether the community’s work contributes much to an overall accumulation of knowledge is doubtful.The problem is not necessarily the amount of available funding (44)__________ this is an adequate amount so long as it is aimed in the right direction. Social scientists who complain about a lack of funding should not expect more in today’s economic climate.The trick is to direct these funds better. The European Union Framework funding programs have long had a category specifically targeted at social scientists. This year, it was proposed that system be changed: Horizon 2020, a new program to be enacted in 2014,would not have such a category ,This has resulted in protests from social scientists. But the intention is not to neglect social science; rather, the complete opposite. (45) __________That should create more collaborative endeavors and help to develop projects aimed directly at solving global problems.[A] It could be that we are evolving two communities of social scientists: one that is discipline-oriented and publishing in highly specialized journals, and one that is problem- oriented and publishing elsewhere, such as policy briefs.[B] However, the numbers are still small: in 2010, about 1,600 of the 100,000 social-sciences papers published globally included one of these keywords.[C] the idea is to force social to integrate their work with other categories, including health and demographic change food security, marine research and the bio-economy, clear, efficient energy; and inclusive, innovative and secure societies.[D] the solution is to change the mindset of the academic community, and what it considers to be its main goal. Global challenges and social innovation ought to receive much more attention from scientists, especially the young ones.[E] These issues all have root causes in human behavior. All require behavioral change and social innovations, as well as technological development. Stemming climate change, for example, is as much about changing consumption patterns and promoting tax acceptance as it is about developing clean energy.[F] Despite these factors, many social scientists seem reluctant to tackle such problems. And in Europe, some are up in arms over a proposal to drop a specific funding category for social-science research and to integrate it within cross-cutting topics of sustainable development.[G] During the late 1990s , national spending on social sciences and the humanities as a percentage of all research and development funds-including government, higher education, non-profit and corporate-varied from around 4% to 25%; in most European nations, it is about 15%.Section III TranslationDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (10 points) It is speculated that gardens arise from a basic need in the individuals who made them: the need for creative expression. There is no doubt that gardens evidence an impossible urge to create, express, fashion, and beautify and that self-expression is a basic human urge;(46) yet when one looks at the photographs of the garden created by the homeless, it strikes one that, for all their diversity of styles, these gardens speak of various other fundamental urges, beyond that of decoration and creative expression.One of these urges had to do with creating a state of peace in the midst of turbulence, a “still point of the turning world,” to borrow a phrase from T. S. Eliot. (47)A sacred place of peace, however crude it may be, is a distinctly human need, as opposed to shelter, which isa distinctly animal need. This distinction is so much so that where the latter is lacking, as it is for these unlikely gardens, the former becomes all the more urgent. Composure is a state of mind made possible by the structuring of one’s relation to one’s environment. (48) The gardens of the homeless which are in effect homeless gardens introduce from into an urban environment where it either didn’t exist or was not discernible as such. In so doing they give composure to a segment of the inarticulate environment in which they take their stand.Another urge or need that these gardens appear to respond to, or to arise from is so intrinsic that we are barely ever conscious of its abiding claims on us. When we are deprived of green, of plants, of trees, (49)most of us give into a demoralization of spirit which we usually blame on some psychological conditions, until one day we find ourselves in garden and feel the expression vanish as if by magic. In most of the homeless gardens of New Y ork City the actual cultivation of plants is unfeasible, yet even so the compositions often seem to represent attempts to call arrangement of materials, an institution of colors, small pool of water, and a frequent presence of petals or leaves as well as of stuffed animals. On display here are various fantasy elements whose reference, at some basic level, seems to be the natural world. (50)It is this implicit or explicit reference to nature that fully justifies the use of word garden though in a “liberated”sense, to describe these synthetic constructions.Section IV WritingPart A51. Directions:Write an email of about 100 words to a foreign teacher in your college inviting him/her to be a judge for the upcoming English speech contest.You should include the details you think necessary.You should write neatly on the ANSWER SHEET.Do not sign your own name at the end of the e-mail Use “Li Ming” instead.Do not write the address.Part B52. Directions:Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay, you should1) describe the drawing briefly, 2) interpret its intended meaning, and3) give your commentsYou should write neatly on ANSWER SHEET2.（20 points）2013年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语(一)试题答案Section I Use of English (10 points)1-5. ADCAB 6-10. BADDA 11-15. DCBDB 16-20. CACBCSection II Reading Comprehension (50 points)Part A (40 points) 21-25. BDADC 26-30. BDCAD 31-35. BADCC 36-40. CCDAD Part B (10 points) 41-45. EFBGCSection ⅢTranslation (10 points)46. 然而，当人们观看那些由无家可归的人创建的花园的照片时，人们能会深深的震撼。
2013暨南大学入学考试英语翻译基础真题
2013 年招收攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题学科、专业名称：翻译硕士专业研究方向：翻译考试科目名称：英语翻译基础考试科目代码：357I. Word Translation (30 points)Directions: This part consists of two sections. In the following two sections you are supposed to translate 30 technical terms, abbreviations or proper names, either from English to Chinese or from Chinese to English, within 60 minutes. You should write down your translations on the Answer Sheet.Section A English to Chinese (15 points)1. EU2. WPC3. OPEC4. NASA5. USCG6. FTA7. TPP8. America’s “Return to the Asian-Pacific”9. Association of Southeast Asian Nations10. International Atomic Energy Agency11. currency manipulator12. International Translation Day13. National Missile Defense14. power abuse15. US-Japan Security TreatySection B Chinese to English (15 points)1. 国务院侨务办公室2. 国家文物局3. 国家烟草专卖局4. 国家宗教事务局5. 西方七国首脑会议6. 岗位培训7. 海洋资源8. 民生9. 差额选举10. 建立市场导向的就业机制11. 资源节约型与环境保护型社会12. 文化逆差13. 三国演义14. 十面埋伏（古曲）15. 逾期贷款II. Passage Translation (120 points)Directions: This part consists of two sections. In the following two sections you are supposed to translate one English passage into Chinese and one Chinese passage into English within 120 minutes. You should write down your translations on the Answer Sheet.Section A English to Chinese (60 points)Love Is Not Like MerchandizeSydney J. HarrisＡreader in Florida, apparently bruised by some personal experience, writes in to complain, “If I steal a nickel’s worth of merchandize, I am a thief and punished; but if I steal the love of another man’s wife, I am free.”This is a prevalent misconception in many people’s minds—that love, like merchandize, can be “stolen”. Numerous states, in fact, have enacted laws allowing damages for “alienation of affections”.But love is not a commodity; the real thing cannot be bought, sold, traded or stolen. It is an act of the will, turning of the emotions, a change in the climate of the personality.When a husband or wife is “stolen” by another person, that husband or wife was already ripe for the stealing, was already predisposed toward a new partner. The “lovebandit” was only taking what was waiting to be taken, what wanted to be taken.We tend to treat persons like goods. We even speak of children “belonging” to their parents. But nobody “belongs” to anyone else. Each person belongs to himself, and to God. Children are entrusted to their parents, and if their parents do not treat them properly, the state has the right to remove them from their parents’ trusteeship.Many of us, when young, had the experience of a sweetheart being taken away from us by somebody more attractive and more appealing. At the time, we may have resented this intruder—but as we grew older, we recognized that the sweetheart had never been ours to begin with. It was not the intruder that “caused” the break, but the lack of a real relationship.On the surface, many marriages seem to break up because of a “third party”. This is, however, a psychological illusion. The other woman or the other man merelyserves as a pretext for dissolving a marriage that had already lost its essential integrity.Nothing is more futile and more self-defeating than the bitterness of spurned love, the vengeful feeling that someone else has “come between” oneself and a beloved. This is always a distortion of reality, for people are not the captive of victims of others—they are free agents, working out theirown destinies for good or for ill.But the rejected lover or mate cannot afford to believe that his beloved has freely turned away from him—and so he ascribes sinister or magical properties to the interloper. He calls him hypnotist or a thief or a home-breaker. In the majority of cases, however, when a home is broken, the breaking has begun long before any “third party” has appeared on the scene.Section B Chinese to English (60 points)故都的秋（节选）郁达夫秋天，无论在什么地方的秋天，总是好的；可是啊，北国的秋，却特别地来得清，来得静，来得悲凉。
2013年暨南大学翻译与写作考研真题
不和在饭菜里，暗暗给我们吃。
我未必无意之中，不吃了我妹子的几片肉，现在也轮到我自己，……有了四千年吃人履 历的我，当初虽然不知道，现在明白，难见真的人!
注释： （1）捻（动）捻る。 （２）大哥（名）アニキ。 （3）乘凉（动）涼む。 （4）爷娘（名）親、両親。 （５）未必（词组）……ないとも限らない。 Ⅲ 次のテーマで日本語の文を書きなさい（50 点）
（3）
， 大哥说爷娘
（4）
生病， 做儿子的须割下一片肉来， 煮熟了请他吃，才算好人；
母亲也没有说不行。一片吃得，整个的自然也吃得。但是那天的哭法，现在想起来，实在还 教人伤心，这真是奇极的事！ 不能想了。 四千年来时时吃人的地方，今天才明白，我也在其中混了多年；大哥正管着家务，妹子 恰恰死了，他未必
考试科目： 翻译与写作
のどぼとけ
ห้องสมุดไป่ตู้
（3）
を引っ込めて「あゝ」という気のきかない声を出したり、まぶたを
共 2 页， 第 1 页
ひっくり返されたりするようななんでもない事が、ちょうど平衡を失ってゆるんでいるき わどいすきまへ出くわすためだかどうか、よくはわからないが、場合によってはこんな事 でも、とにかくすでに「笑い」のほうに向かって、倒れかかっている気分に軽い衝撃を与 えるような効果はあるらしい。
2013 年全国硕士研究生统一入学考试自命题试题
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学科与专业名称：日语语言文学 考试科目代码与名称：802 翻译与写作
注（1）くすぐったい（形）痒；难为情 （2）かろうじて（副）好容易，勉勉强强 （3）咽喉仏（名）喉结
【VIP专享】2013年暨南大学翻译与硕士英语考研真题
2013年招收攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题********************************************************************************************学科、专业名称：翻译硕士专业研究方向：英语笔译考试科目名称：翻译硕士英语考试科目代码：211考生注意：所有答案必须写在答题纸（卷）上，写在本试题上一律不给分。
I. Vocabulary & Grammar (30%)Directions: There are 30 sentences in this section. Beneath each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the ONE answer that best completes the sentence. Mark your answers on your Answer Sheet.1.There are some words in Chinese that have no exact______ in English.A. equalitiesB. equationsC. equitiesD. equivalents2. ______ the traffic jam, we would have caught our train.A. Because ofB. By means ofC. But forD. Due to3. According to the law of that country, the Parliament will have to be ______ before theGeneral Election.A. decomposedB. dispersedC. dissolvedD. disintegrated4. Several international events in the early 1990s seem likely to _____ or at least weakenthe trends that emerged in the 1980s.A. reverseB. revolveC. revoltD. revive5. My supply of confidence slowly ______ as the deadline approached.A. withdrewB. eliminatedC. exterminatedD. diminished6. Sometimes they ______ their students’ poor comprehension to a lack of intelligence.A. distributeB. attributeC. contributeD. consider7. He failed to carry out some of the provisions of the contract, and now he has to _____the consequences.A.run intoB. abide byC. answer forD. step into8. Let’s listen to the radio program that the teacher mentioned, ______?A. do weB. don’t weC. shall weD. will we9. New York state taxes are used to _____ the high cost of operating a subway system inManhattan and the outlying boroughs of New York City.A. promoteB. offsetC. endorseD. sanction10. Many people at the rock concert were standing in the _____, because there were noseats left.A. bridgesB. tributariesC. aislesD. altars11. The nurse gave me something to _____ the pain.A. aggravateB. increaseC. augmentD. alleviate12. I didn’t like the way that book _____.A. turned upB. turned inC. turned outD. turned over考试科目：翻译硕士英语13. No _____ woman would go alone to a bar like that one.A. respectfulB. respectableC. respectingD. respective14. Thirty-six hours_____ the length of time for which I should be paid.A. areB. wasC. isD. were15. _____ out of season, I should have ordered some from the fruit stand.A. If oranges would have beenB. If oranges have not beenC. Had oranges not beenD. Should oranges not have been16. Petrol is manufactured from the _____ oil we take out of the ground.A. roughB. crudeC. rawD. tough17. Uncle Bill used to climb mountains but he isn’t as____ as before.A. agedB. astringentC. agileD. antic18. Many attended the conference, a brief report _____has been published.A. of whichB. whichC. of thatD. for which19. In his ____ to meet with the architects, he found the difficulties of obtaining a visavery discouraging.A. journeyB. endeavorC. nightmareD. failure20. Many large ______ cities have outgrown their water supplies and rely on waterfrom distant sources.A. metropolitanB. suburbanC. industriousD. rural21. Because of her _____, Queen Victoria was unendingly confronted by artistswishing to paint her picture.A. timidityB. celebrityC. irritabilityD. reclusiveness22. Unlike animals, plants are able to make their own food through a process known as______.A. pollinationB. germinationC. photosynthesisD. fission23. To maximize chances of _____ a heart attack, one should get immediate medicalcare at the first onset of symptoms.A. disappearingB. survivingC. lesseningD. diagnosing24. It isn’t so much whether he works hard; the question is whether he works_____.A. at allB. above allC. in allD. after all25. A pie chart may be used to show the relative _____ of values.A. swarmB. diagramC. distributionD. tones26. An effective employer must have the courage to ______ an employee who fails toperform.A. lay onB. lay offC. lay outD. lay over27. The key to maintaining brushes is to _____ them well before washing off the paint.A. pressB. soakC. flashD. crack28. The matter is ______ settled; we may look upon it as being settled.A. as long asB. for goodC. for sureD. as good as考试科目：翻译硕士英语共页，第页29. Newspapers and magazines carry extensive _____ of diet and health topics and dietbooks are among the best sellers.A. sketchB. concernC. coverageD. involvement30. The world leaders need to take action on the energy crisis that is _____ before oureyes.A. taking shapeB. taking effectC. taking apartD. taking overII. Reading Comprehension (40%)Directions: This part consists of two sections. In Section A, there are three passages followed by a total of 15 multiple-choice questions. In Section B, there is one passage followed by a total of 5 short-answer questions. Read the passages and then mark or write down your answers on the Answer Sheet.Section APassage 1All North American canids have a doglike appearance characterized by a graceful body, long muzzle, erect ears, slender legs, and bushy tail. Most are social animals that travel and hunt in groups or pairs. After years of persecution by humans, the populations of most North American canids, especially wolves and foxes, have decreased greatly. The coyote, however, has thrived alongside humans, increasing in both numbers and range.Its common name comes from coyotl, the term used by Mexico’s Nahuatl Indians, and its scientific name, canis latrans, means “barking dog.” The coyote’s vocalizations are varied, but the most distinctive are given at dusk, dawn, or during the night and consists of a series of barks followed by a prolonged howl and ending with short, sharp yaps. This call keeps the band alert to the locations of its members. One voice usually prompts others to join in, resulting in the familiar chorus heard at night throughout the west.The best runner among the canids, the coyote is able to leap fourteen feet and cruise normally at 25-30 miles per hour. It is a strong swimmer and does not hesitate to enter water after prey. In feeding, the coyote is an opportunist, eating rabbits, mice, ground squirrels, birds, snakes, insects, many kinds of fruit, and carrion—whatever is available. To catch larger prey, such as deer or antelope, the coyote may team up with one or two others, running in relays to tire prey or waiting in ambush while others chase prey toward it. Often a badger serves as involuntary supplier of smaller prey: while it digs for rodents at one end of their burrow, the coyote waits for any that may emerge from an escape hole at the other end.Predators of the coyote once included the grizzly and black bears, the mountain lion, and the wolf, but their declining populations make them no longer a threat. Man is the major enemy, especially since coyote pelts have become increasingly valuable, yet the coyote population continues to grow, despite efforts at trapping, shooting, and poisoning the animals.1. According to the passage, the coyote is unlike other North American canids in what way?A. The coyote’s body is not graceful.B. The coyote is not hunted by humans.C. The coyote population has not decreased.D. The coyote does not know how to swim.2. All of the following statements describe the coyote’s vocalizations EXCEPTA. Vocalizations communicate the locations of other coyotes.B. The coyote uses its distinctive call to trick and catch prey.C. A group of coyotes will often bark and howl together.D. The coyote’s scientific name reflects its manner of vocalizing.3. According to the passage, the coyote is an opportunist because itA. knows how to avoid being captured.B. likes to team up with other coyotes.C. has better luck than other predators.D. takes advantage of circumstances.4. Which animal sometimes unknowingly helps the coyote catch food?A. wolfB. rodentC. deerD. badger5. According to the passage, all the following statements are true EXCEPTA. the coyote is a serious threat to human activities.B. the coyote is a skillful and athletic predator.C. the coyote hunts cooperatively with other coyotes.D. the coyote survives despite persecution by humans.Passage 2Starting on January 1, Bakersfield High School is planning to implement a dress code. The administration has printed out a list of those items that students will be allowed to wear to school and those that will be considered unacceptable. Even though I understand that the school had good intentions, I think that it is a bad idea overall.There are a number of problems with the dress code. The rule against clothes that are “torn, ripped, or cut off” discriminates against those students who cannot afford to buy new clothes every year. In the late spring and early summer, students forced to wear long pants will be so uncomfortable that they will not be able to concentrate on their studies. Although girls can stay cool in skirts and dresses, boys have no such option.Even so, a dress code violates students’ freedom of expression. Students should be able to dress themselves in a way that expresses their tastes and creativity. It is only through making decisions about ourselves and how we choose to present ourselves that we will grow into mature, independent adults.6. Which of the following is the best version of the underlined sentence in paragraph 1?A. (as it is now)B. school. Those that will be considered unacceptableC. school; others that will be considered unacceptableD. school as well as unacceptable clothing7. What does the underlined “it” in paragraph 1 refer to?A. the administrationB. the dress codeC. the listD. the intention8. Which of the following is the best version of the underlined “Even so” in paragraph 3?A. To the extent thatB. More importantlyC. It is true thatD. That notwithstanding9. Which of the following, if added at the end of the 3rd paragraph, would provide the best concluding sentence for the passage?A. As near-adults, we should be allowed decide how to dress ourselves.B. In today’s society, teenagers are required to make decisions about a number of extremely important issues.C. Thus, the dress code will ultimately impede the educational process rather than aid it.D. It is for a student and his/her parents to decide what clothing a student should wear, not a school administration.10. The author’s argument would be more balanced if it included a section on which of the following?A. An outline of the steps that students will take to overturn the dress code, should it be implemented.B. A list of other bureaucratic policies that have angered students in the past.C. A discussion of the author’s own clothing preferences.D. An acknowledgement of the positive aspects of the dress-code policy. Passage 3Granted, the study of racial and sex differences in intelligence has not exactly covered itself in glory. In a heated debate, scientists are calling for an end to research on possible links between race, gender and intelligence.Neuroscientist Steven Rose of Britain’s Open University argues, the problem is that both race and IQ are slippery concepts. Standard measures of intelligence are ridiculously flexible. In the 1930s and 1940s, for instance, when girls kept outscoring boys, IQ tests were repeatedly adjusted to make the results turn out “right”. That calls into question what studies of intelligence actually measure, and whether it is too easy to choose and modify data to produce desired results. Worse, race in the sense of Caucasian, Asian and African is too broad to capture anything biological, including genetic differences.As for sex, there are indeed structural and biochemical differences between male and female brains. But since boys and girls, and men and women, live very differentlives and are treated differently first by parents and then by society, it’s impossible to attribute those differences to native biology rather than experience. That is especially true now that discoveries in neuroplasticity have shown that brains of any age can change their structure and function in response to experience.Defenders of studies of how intelligence varies by race or sex argue, the studies must continue because of the wealth of important knowledge they produce. In the 1960s, for instance, psychologist Arthur Jensen presented evidence that African-Americans are inferior in intellect due to inherited genes. That prompted psychologist James Flynn of the University of Otago, New Zealand, to examine decades of IQ data from dozens of countries, something he never would have done without Jensen’s work to drive him. He discovered what is now called the Flynn effect, which is the increase in IQ scores over the last 70 or so years. The increase reflects generational improvements in abstract problem solving. The Flynn effect “shows that substantial increases in IQ can and have occurred over a short period of time,” says psychologist Wendy Williams of Cornell University. “Genetics cannot explain such changes. Thus we look to environment… As experiences for blacks improve, so can and does IQ.” That has already happened: one quarter of the IQ gap between black and white Americans has been erased in 30 years. Cultural effects are more powerful than we thought, says Williams, a conclusion that would have remained undiscovered if race and IQ were off limits.There has been a parallel increase in understanding sex differences in IQ. The fact that experience shapes the brain, and that girls’ and boys’ experiences are different so their brain differences might be the result of different experiences, seems less like an argument against studying sex and IQ than a fascinating research project: how do sex-specific experiences leave a footprint in the folds of the cortex?11. The opponents of race-IQ studies think that ________.A. the studies lack clear purposeB. the measures of IQ are inconsistentC. the IQ tests cannot define intelligenceD. the definition of race is too narrow12. According to paragraph 3, sex differences in IQ are mainly caused by ______.A. innate biologyB. life experienceC. genetic structureD. social environment13. Some scientists insist on the continuance of the studies because these studies _______.A. help people get valuable knowledgeB. help to increase people’s intelligenceC. help people solve abstract problemsD. help to erase the IQ gap among people14. It can be inferred from the passage that race-sex-IQ studies ______.A. has been advocated by most scientists nowadaysB. has altered the concept and categories of raceC. has changed people’s view on gender differenceD. has stimulated relevant valuable researches15. The author’s attitude towards the studies of the link between sex, race and IQ is__.A. enthusiastic supportB. strong disapprovalC. reserved consentD. complete indifferenceSection BMohammud Yunus, a banker from Bangladesh, is a bona fide visionary. His dream is the total eradication of poverty from the world. What he has invented is called a micro-credit. It is both terribly simple and completely revolutionary. Yunus’ bank gives loans as little as $30 to the destitute. A typical borrower would be a Bangladeshi women (96% of the bank’s borrowers are women) who has never touched money before. All her life, her father and husband will have told her she is useless and is a burden to the family; finally, widowed or divorced, she will have been forced to beg to feed her children. Yunus’ bank lends her money—and doesn’t regret it. She uses the loan to buy an asset that can immediately start paying income—such as cotton to weave, or raw materials for bracelets to sell, or a cow she can milk. She repays the loan in tiny installments until she becomes self-sufficient. Then if she wants, she can take out a new, larger loan. Either way, she is no longer poor.The Grameen Bank (“rural bank” in Bengali), which Yunus has built over the last 30 years, has more than 3.7 million borrowers in 46,000 villages throughout Bangladesh. In 2004, it made loans of more than $473.78 million. The bank actively seeks out the most deprived of Bangladesh society: beggars, illiterates, and widows. Yet, it claims a loan repayment rate of 99 percent. Most western banks would be delighted with such a small ratio of bad debts.Born in Chittagong, Yunus studied at Vanderbilt University in Tennessee, before becoming head of the Economics Department at Chittagong University. The terrible manmade famine of 1974, which killed 1.5 million Bangladeshis, changed his life forever. “While people were dying of hunger on the streets, I was teaching elegant theories of economics. I started hating myself for the arrogance of pretending I had the answers. Why did people who worked 12 hours a day, seven days a week, not have enough to eat? I decided that the poor themselves would be my teachers. I began to study them and question them on their lives.Then he made his big discovery. One day, when he was interviewing a woman who made bamboo stools, he learned that, because she had no capital of her own, she had to borrow the equivalent of 23 cents to buy raw bamboo for each stool made. After repaying the middleman, she kept only 1.5 cents in profit. With the help of graduate students, Yunus discovered that there were 42 other villagers facing the same predicament.“Their poverty was not a personal problem due to laziness or lack of intelligence, but a structural one: lack of capital. The existing system made it certain that the poor could not save a penny and could not invest in bettering themselves.”Borrowers who are not destitute are excluded, and so, usually, are men. Yunus soon discovered that lending to women was much more beneficial to whole families—and that women were more careful about their debts. To be eligible for a loan, a person must prove she understands how Grameen works. Borrowers promise to abide by “the 16 decisions,” a set of personal commitments. The most important is to join with four fellow borrowers, none of whom can be a family member, to form a group. The group provides a borrower with self-discipline and courage. Peer pressure and peer support effectively replace collateral.Studies of the Grameen method suggest that after a wife joins the bank, her husband is likely to show her more tenderness and respect. Divorce rates drop among Grameen borrowers, as do birth rates.Yunus’ method works well wherever the social life of the poor is tightly knit. But in many urban settings, the lack of community has been the greatest stumbling block. However, Yunus does not pretend to have solution to all problems.“People say I am crazy, but no one can achieve anything without a dream,” he says. “If one is going to make headway against poverty, one cannot do business as usual. One must be revolutionary and think the unthinkable.”16. What had Yunus invented?17. To whom does the bank lend money?18. What doesn’t the bank require of borrowers?19. What must borrowers promise to do?20. What is the repayment rate?III. Writing (30%)Directions: In this part you are supposed to write an essay of about 400 words within 60 minutes on the topic of online shopping in China.Online shopping or online retailing is a form of electronic commerce whereby consumers directly buy goods or services from a seller over the Internet without an intermediary service. Nowadays, there are more and more shopping websites in China and many Chinese people tend to go shopping online. What do you think about it? You should clearly state your main argument and support it with appropriate details.。
暨南大学外国语学院211翻译硕士英语[专业硕士]历年考研真题及详解专业课考试试题
![暨南大学外国语学院211翻译硕士英语[专业硕士]历年考研真题及详解专业课考试试题](https://img.taocdn.com/s3/m/d081528576a20029bd642d52.png)
目 录2011年暨南大学外国语学院211翻译硕士英语考研真题及详解2012年暨南大学外国语学院211翻译硕士英语考研真题及详解2013年暨南大学外国语学院211翻译硕士英语考研真题及详解2014年暨南大学外国语学院211翻译硕士英语考研真题及详解2015年暨南大学外国语学院211翻译硕士英语考研真题及详解2016年暨南大学外国语学院211翻译硕士英语考研真题及详解2017年暨南大学外国语学院211翻译硕士英语考研真题及详解2018年暨南大学外国语学院211翻译硕士英语考研真题及详解2019年暨南大学外国语学院211翻译硕士英语考研真题及详解2011年暨南大学外国语学院211翻译硕士英语考研真题及详解Ⅰ. Vocabulary & Grammar (30%)Directions: There are 30 sentences in this section. Beneath each sentence there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Choose the ONE answer that best completes the sentence. Mark your answer, on your Answer Sheet.1. Bureaucratic power has _____ upon the freedom of the individual.A. encroachedB. encapsulatedC. enchantedD. encompassed【答案】A句意：官僚权力侵犯了个人的自由。
encroach侵犯。
encapsulate 【解析】压缩、概括。
enchant使迷惑。
encompass包含、围绕。
因此，本题的正确答案为A。
2. You risk _____ bank charges if you exceed your overdraft limit.A. recurringB. occurringC. incurringD. concurring【答案】C【解析】句意：如果超出了透支限额，就有被银行加收费用的风险。
2013年暨大MTI真题回忆版
【翻译硕士英语】题型30个单选，4篇阅读，1个作文；单选主要是词汇，另外有一些动词短语，搭配；阅读3篇是选择，其中2篇非常简单，六级水平有一篇主要考篇章结构，代词之类的1篇回答问题,包含5个小问题。
主要讲的是一种microbank作文是就Online Shopping in China 谈谈自己的看法。
【英语翻译基础】词汇英译汉有WPC/世界石油大会(World Petroleum Congress -- WPC)OPEC石油输出国组织(opec)EU 欧盟/USCG/美国海岸警卫队（United States Coast Guard）FTA 自由贸易区NASA 美国航天航空局//TPP跨太平洋伙伴关系协议（Trans -Pacific Partnership AgreementUS-Japan Security Treaty美日安保条约/America's "Return to Asia-Pacific"美国重返亚太地区战略/power abuse权力滥用/National Missle Defence/国家导弹防御系统汉译英有国务院侨务办公室、国家烟草专卖局、国家宗教事务局、西方七国首脑会议、民生、差额选举、十面埋伏、三国演义、逾期贷款、建设市场导向型的就业机制、资源节约型环境友好型社会、海洋资源、文化逆差；段落翻译英译汉是Sydney J Harris的Love Is Not Like Merchandise；汉译英是郁达夫《故都的秋》选段。
【汉语写作与百科知识】百科题型是30个单选加名词解释。
百科选择题包括六艺中的“御”指的是什么，联合国的橄榄托着地球的图案来源于哪个神话，唱念做打中的“做”是什么意思，四书包括哪几部书，血液中的什么成分使得血液凝固，“屠苏”是什么意思，还有提供几个选项选择哪个不是李白的诗句，英国社会文化的一些知识也有涉及，还有诗经、楚辞、词、曲、乐府按照时间先后顺序排列，另外有一题是选出英文缩写与汉语翻译不符的一项，低碳生活的“碳”是指什么，“床前明月光，疑似地上霜”的“床”是什么家具，还有作家作品对应错误的一项是什么，等等。
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2013年暨南大学翻硕211英语真题汇总下面是凯程考研为大家分享的2013年暨南大学211翻译硕士英语真题，供大家参考，有需要的同学请保存。
目前正值第一轮基础复习，大家要有耐心哦。
2013年招收攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题学科、专业名称：翻译硕士专业研究方向：英语笔译考试科目名称：翻译硕士英语考试科目代码：211考生注意：所有答案必须写在答题纸(卷)上，写在本试题上一律不给分。
I. Vocabulary & Grammar (30%)Directions: There are 30 sentences in this section. Beneath each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the ONE answer that best completes the sentence. Mark your answers on your Answer Sheet.1. There are some words in Chinese that have no exact______ in English.A. equalitiesB. equationsC. equitiesD. equivalents2. ______ the traffic jam, we would have caught our train.A. Because ofB. By means ofC. But forD. Due to3. According to the law of that country, the Parliament will have to be ______ before the General Election.A. decomposedB. dispersedC. dissolvedD. disintegrated4. Several international events in the early 1990s seem likely to _____ or at least weaken the trends that emerged in the 1980s.A. reverseB. revolveC. revoltD. revive5. My supply of confidence slowly ______ as the deadline approached.A. withdrewB. eliminatedC. exterminatedD. diminished6. Sometimes they ______ their students’poor comprehension to a lack of intelligence.A. distributeB. attributeC. contributeD. consider7. He failed to carry out some of the provisions of the contract, and now he has to _____the consequences.A.run intoB. abide byC. answer forD. step into8. Let’s listen to the radio program that the teacher mentioned, ______?A. do weB. don’t weC. shall weD. will we9. New York state taxes are used to _____ the high cost of operating a subway system in Manhattan and the outlying boroughs of New York City.A. promoteB. offsetC. endorseD. sanction10. Many people at the rock concert were standing in the _____, because there were no seats left.A. bridgesB. tributariesC. aislesD. altars11. The nurse gave me something to _____ the pain.A. aggravateB. increaseC. augmentD. alleviate12. I didn’t like the way that book _____.A. turned upB. turned inC. turned outD. turned over考试科目：翻译硕士英语13. No _____ woman would go alone to a bar like that one.A. respectfulB. respectableC. respectingD. respective14. Thirty-six hours_____ the length of time for which I should be paid.A. areB. wasC. isD. were15. _____ out of season, I should have ordered some from the fruit stand.A. If oranges would have beenB. If oranges have not beenC. Had oranges not beenD. Should oranges not have been16. Petrol is manufactured from the _____ oil we take out of the ground.A. roughB. crudeC. rawD. tough17. Uncle Bill used to climb mountains but he isn’t as____ as before.A. agedB. astringentC. agileD. antic18. Many attended the conference, a brief report _____has been published.A. of whichB. whichC. of thatD. for which19. In his ____ to meet with the architects, he found the difficulties of obtaining a visa very discouraging.A. journeyB. endeavorC. nightmareD. failure20. Many large ______ cities have outgrown their water supplies and rely on water from distant sources.A. metropolitanB. suburbanC. industriousD. rural21. Because of her _____, Queen Victoria was unendingly confronted by artists wishing to paint her picture.A. timidityB. celebrityC. irritabilityD. reclusiveness22. Unlike animals, plants are able to make their own food through a process known as ______.A. pollinationB. germinationC. photosynthesisD. fission23. To maximize chances of _____ a heart attack, one should get immediate medical care at the first onset of symptoms.A. disappearingB. survivingC. lesseningD. diagnosing24. It isn’t so much whether he works hard; the question is whether he works_____.A. at allB. above allC. in allD. after all25. A pie chart may be used to show the relative _____ of values.A. swarmB. diagramC. distributionD. tones26. An effective employer must have the courage to ______ an employee who fails to perform.A. lay onB. lay offC. lay outD. lay over27. The key to maintaining brushes is to _____ them well before washing off the paint.A. pressB. soakC. flashD. crack28. The matter is ______ settled; we may look upon it as being settled.A. as long asB. for goodC. for sureD. as good as29. Newspapers and magazines carry extensive _____ of diet and health topics and diet books are among the best sellers.A. sketchB. concernC. coverageD. involvement30. The world leaders need to take action on the energy crisis that is _____ before our eyes.A. taking shapeB. taking effectC. taking apartD. taking overII. Reading Comprehension (40%)Directions: This part consists of two sections. In Section A, there are three passages followed by a total of 15 multiple-choice questions. In Section B, there is one passage followed by a total of 5 short-answer questions. Read the passages and then mark or write down your answers on the Answer Sheet.Section APassage 1All North American canids have a doglike appearance characterized by a graceful body, long muzzle, erect ears, slender legs, and bushy tail. Most are social animals that travel and hunt in groups or pairs. After years of persecution by humans, the populations of most North American canids, especially wolves and foxes, have decreased greatly. The coyote, however, has thrived alongside humans, increasing in both numbers and range.Its common name comes from coyotl, the term used by Mexico’s Nahuatl Indians, and its scientific name, canis latrans, means “barking dog.”The coyote’s vocalizations are varied, but the most distinctive are given at dusk, dawn, or during the night and consists of a series of barks followed by a prolonged howl and ending with short, sharp yaps. This call keeps the band alert to the locations of its members. One voice usually prompts others to join in, resulting in the familiar chorus heard at night throughout the west.The best runner among the canids, the coyote is able to leap fourteen feet and cruise normally at 25-30 miles per hour. It is a strong swimmer and does not hesitate to enter water after prey. In feeding, the coyote is an opportunist, eating rabbits, mice, ground squirrels, birds, snakes, insects, many kinds of fruit, and carrion—whatever is available. To catch larger prey, such as deer or antelope, the coyote may team up with one or two others, running in relays to tire prey or waiting in ambush while others chase prey toward it. Often a badger serves as involuntary supplier of smaller prey: while it digs for rodents at one end of their burrow, the coyote waits for any that may emerge from an escape hole at the other end.Predators of the coyote once included the grizzly and black bears, the mountain lion, and the wolf, but their declining populations make them no longer a threat. Man is the major enemy, especially since coyote pelts have become increasingly valuable, yet the coyote population continues to grow, despite efforts at trapping, shooting, and poisoning the animals.1. According to the passage, the coyote is unlike other North American canids in what way?A. The coyote’s body is not graceful.B. The coyote is not hunted by humans.C. The coyote population has not decreased.D. The coyote does not know how to swim.2. All of the following statements describe the coyote’s vocalizations EXCEPTA. Vocalizations communicate the locations of other coyotes.B. The coyote uses its distinctive call to trick and catch prey.C. A group of coyotes will often bark and howl together.D. The coyote’s scientific name reflects its manner of vocalizing.3. According to the passage, the coyote is an opportunist because itA. knows how to avoid being captured.B. likes to team up with other coyotes.C. has better luck than other predators.D. takes advantage of circumstances.4. Which animal sometimes unknowingly helps the coyote catch food?A. wolfB. rodentC. deerD. badger5. According to the passage, all the following statements are true EXCEPTA. the coyote is a serious threat to human activities.B. the coyote is a skillful and athletic predator.C. the coyote hunts cooperatively with other coyotes.D. the coyote survives despite persecution by humans.Passage 2Starting on January 1, Bakersfield High School is planning to implement a dress code. The administration has printed out a list of those items that students will be allowed to wear to school and those that will be considered unacceptable. Even though I understand that the school had good intentions, I think that it is a bad idea overall.There are a number of problems with the dress code. The rule against clothes that are “torn, ripped, or cut off”discriminates against those students who cannot afford to buy new clothes every year. In the late spring and early summer, students forced to wear long pants will be so uncomfortable that they will not be able to concentrate on their studies. Although girls can stay cool in skirts and dresses, boys have no such option.Even so, a dress code violates students’freedom of expression. Students should be able to dress themselves in a way that expresses their tastes and creativity. It is only through making decisions about ourselves and how we choose to present ourselves that we will grow into mature, independent adults.6. Which of the following is the best version of the underlined sentence in paragraph 1?A. (as it is now)B. school. Those that will be considered unacceptableC. school; others that will be considered unacceptableD. school as well as unacceptable clothing7. What does the underlined “it”in paragraph 1 refer to?A. the administrationB. the dress codeC. the listD. the intention8. Which of the following is the best version of the underlined “Even so”in paragraph3?A. To the extent thatB. More importantlyC. It is true thatD. That notwithstanding9. Which of the following, if added at the end of the 3rd paragraph, would provide the best concluding sentence for the passage?A. As near-adults, we should be allowed decide how to dress ourselves.B. In today’s society, teenagers are required to make decisions about a number of extremely important issues.C. Thus, the dress code will ultimately impede the educational process rather than aid it.D. It is for a student and his/her parents to decide what clothing a student should wear, not a school administration.10. The author’s argument would be more balanced if it included a section on which of the following?A. An outline of the steps that students will take to overturn the dress code, should it be implemented.B. A list of other bureaucratic policies that have angered students in the past.C. A discussion of the author’s own clothing preferences.D. An acknowledgement of the positive aspects of the dress-code policy.Passage 3Granted, the study of racial and sex differences in intelligence has not exactly covered itself in glory. In a heated debate, scientists are calling for an end to research on possible links between race, gender and intelligence.Neuroscientist Steven Rose of Britain’s Open University argues, the problem is that both race and IQ are slippery concepts. Standard measures of intelligence are ridiculously flexible. In the 1930s and 1940s, for instance, when girls kept outscoring boys, IQ tests were repeatedly adjusted to make the results turn out “right”. That calls into question what studies of intelligence actually measure, and whether it is too easy to choose and modify data to produce desired results. Worse, race in the sense of Caucasian, Asian and African is too broad to capture anything biological, including genetic differences.As for sex, there are indeed structural and biochemical differences between male and female brains. But since boys and girls, and men and women, live very different lives and are treated differently first by parents and then by society, it’s impossible to attribute those differences to native biology rather than experience. That is especially true now that discoveries in neuroplasticity have shown that brains of any age can change their structure and function in response to experience.Defenders of studies of how intelligence varies by race or sex argue, the studies must continue because of the wealth of important knowledge they produce. In the 1960s, for instance, psychologist Arthur Jensen presented evidence that African-Americans are inferior in intellect due to inherited genes. That prompted psychologist James Flynn of the University of Otago, New Zealand, to examine decades of IQ data from dozens of countries, something he never would have done without Jensen’s work to drive him. He discovered what is now called the Flynn effect,which is the increase in IQ scores over the last 70 or so years. The increase reflects generational improvements in abstract problem solving. The Flynn effect “shows that substantial increases in IQ can and have occurred over a short period of time,”says psychologist Wendy Williams of Cornell University. “Genetics cannot explain such changes. Thus we look to environment…As experiences for blacks improve, so can and does IQ.”That has already happened: one quarter of the IQ gap between black and white Americans has been erased in 30 years. Cultural effects are more powerful than we thought, says Williams, a conclusion that would have remained undiscovered if race and IQ were off limits.There has been a parallel increase in understanding sex differences in IQ. The fact that experience shapes the brain, and that girls’and boys’experiences are different so their brain differences might be the result of different experiences, seems less like an argument against studying sex and IQ than a fascinating research project: how do sex-specific experiences leave a footprint in the folds of the cortex?11. The opponents of race-IQ studies think that ________.A. the studies lack clear purposeB. the measures of IQ are inconsistentC. the IQ tests cannot define intelligenceD. the definition of race is too narrow12. According to paragraph 3, sex differences in IQ are mainly caused by ______.A. innate biologyB. life experienceC. genetic structureD. social environment13. Some scientists insist on the continuance of the studies because these studies _______.A. help people get valuable knowledgeB. help to increase people’s intelligenceC. help people solve abstract problemsD. help to erase the IQ gap among people14. It can be inferred from the passage that race-sex-IQ studies ______.A. has been advocated by most scientists nowadaysB. has altered the concept and categories of raceC. has changed people’s view on gender differenceD. has stimulated relevant valuable researches15. The author’s attitude towards the studies of the link between sex, race and IQ is__.A. enthusiastic supportB. strong disapprovalC. reserved consentD. complete indifferenceSection BMohammud Yunus, a banker from Bangladesh, is a bona fide visionary. His dream is the total eradication of poverty from the world. What he has invented is called a micro-credit. It isboth terribly simple and completely revolutionary. Yunus’bank gives loans as little as $30 to the destitute. A typical borrower would be a Bangladeshi women (96% of the bank’s borrowers are women) who has never touched money before. All her life, her father and husband will have told her she is useless and is a burden to the family; finally, widowed or divorced, she will have been forced to beg to feed her children. Yunus’bank lends her money—and doesn’t regret it. She uses the loan to buy an asset that can immediately start paying income—such as cotton to weave, or raw materials for bracelets to sell, or a cow she can milk. She repays the loan in tiny installments until she becomes self-sufficient. Then if she wants, she can take out a new, larger loan. Either way, she is no longer poor.The Grameen Bank (“rural bank”in Bengali), which Yunus has built over the last 30 years, has more than 3.7 million borrowers in 46,000 villages throughout Bangladesh. In 2004, it made loans of more than $473.78 million. The bank actively seeks out the most deprived of Bangladesh society: beggars, illiterates, and widows. Yet, it claims a loan repayment rate of 99 percent. Most western banks would be delighted with such a small ratio of bad debts.Born in Chittagong, Yunus studied at Vanderbilt University in Tennessee, before becoming head of the Economics Department at Chittagong University. The terrible manmade famine of 1974, which killed 1.5 million Bangladeshis, changed his life forever. “While people were dying of hunger on the streets, I was teaching elegant theories of economics. I started hating myself for the arrogance of pretending I had the answers. Why did people who worked 12 hours a day, seven days a week, not have enough to eat? I decided that the poor themselves would be my teachers. I began to study them and question them on their lives.Then he made his big discovery. One day, when he was interviewing a woman who made bamboo stools, he learned that, because she had no capital of her own, she had to borrow the equivalent of 23 cents to buy raw bamboo for each stool made. After repaying the middleman, she kept only 1.5 cents in profit. With the help of graduate students, Y unus discovered that there were 42 other villagers facing the same predicament.“Their poverty was not a personal problem due to laziness or lack of intelligence, but a structural one: lack of capital. The existing system made it certain that the poor could not save a penny and could not invest in bettering themselves.”Borrowers who are not destitute are excluded, and so, usually, are men. Yunus soon discovered that lending to women was much more beneficial to whole families—and that women were more careful about their debts. To be eligible for a loan, a person must prove she understands how Grameen works. Borrowers promise to abide by “the 16 decisions,”a set of personal commitments. The most important is to join with four fellow borrowers, none of whom can be a family member, to form a group. The group provides a borrower with self-discipline and courage. Peer pressure and peer support effectively replace collateral.Studies of the Grameen method suggest that after a wife joins the bank, her husband is likely to show her more tenderness and respect. Divorce rates drop among Grameen borrowers, as do birth rates.Yunus’method works well wherever the social life of the poor is tightly knit. But in many urban settings, the lack of community has been the greatest stumbling block. However, Yunus does not pretend to have solution to all problems.“People say I am crazy, but no one can achieve anything without a dream,”he says. “Ifone is going to make headway against poverty, one cannot do business as usual. One must be revolutionary and think the unthinkable.”16. What had Y unus invented?17. To whom does the bank lend money?18. What doesn’t the bank require of borrowers?19. What must borrowers promise to do?20. What is the repayment rate?III. Writing (30%)Directions: In this part you are supposed to write an essay of about 400 words within 60 minutes on the topic of online shopping in China.Online shopping or online retailing is a form of electronic commerce whereby consumers directly buy goods or services from a seller over the Internet without an intermediary service. Nowadays, there are more and more shopping websites in China and many Chinese people tend to go shopping online. What do you think about it? You should clearly state your main argument and support it with appropriate details.。