词汇学练习
词汇学试题及答案
词汇学试题及答案一、选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. 词汇学是研究语言中词汇的科学，它主要研究的是语言中的（）。
A. 词汇的构成B. 词汇的意义C. 词汇的运用D. 词汇的演变答案：A2. 下列哪一项不是词汇学的研究内容？（）A. 词义的演变B. 词义的分类C. 词义的辨析D. 语法规则答案：D3. 词汇学中，词素是指（）。
A. 构成词的基本单位B. 词的发音单位C. 词的书写单位D. 词的意义单位答案：A4. 在词汇学中，语义场是指（）。
A. 词义的分类B. 词义的演变C. 词义的辨析D. 一组词义相关的词答案：D5. 词汇学研究中，同义词是指（）。
A. 意义完全相同的词B. 意义相近的词C. 形式相同的词D. 用法相同的词答案：B6. 下列哪一项不是词汇学中词义的分类？（）A. 抽象意义B. 具体意义C. 语法意义D. 色彩意义答案：C7. 词汇学中，词义的演变通常包括（）。
A. 词义的扩大B. 词义的缩小C. 词义的转移D. 以上都是答案：D8. 词汇学中，词义的辨析主要研究的是（）。
A. 词与词之间的联系B. 词与词之间的差异C. 词与词之间的相似性D. 词与词之间的对立答案：B9. 在词汇学中，词义的模糊性是指（）。
A. 词义的不确定性B. 词义的明确性C. 词义的多重性D. 词义的单一性答案：A10. 词汇学中，词义的多义性是指（）。
A. 一个词有多种意义B. 一个词只有一种意义C. 一个词的意义是固定的D. 一个词的意义是单一的答案：A二、填空题（每题2分，共20分）1. 词汇学中的词素是指构成词的________。
答案：基本单位2. 语义场是指一组________的词。
答案：词义相关3. 同义词是指意义________的词。
答案：相近4. 词义的演变包括词义的________、________和________。
答案：扩大、缩小、转移5. 词义的辨析主要研究的是词与词之间的________。
（完整word版）词汇学练习
（完整word版）词汇学练习Chapter 5 Word Meaning (练习4)I. Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that would best complete the statement.C 1. A word is the combination of form and ________.A. spellingB. writingC. meaningD. denoting2.B_____is the result of human cognition, reflecting the objective worldin the human mind.A. ReferenceB. ConceptC. SenseD. Context3.Sense denotes the relationships ____D_the language.A. outsideB. withC. beyondD. inside4. Most English words can be said to be __A_____.A. non-motivatedB. motivatedC. connectedD. related5. Trumpet is a(n) ____C___motivated word.A. morphologicallyB. semanticallyC. onomatopoeicallyD.etymologically6.Hopeless is a ____A__motivated word.A. morphologicallyB. onomatopoeicallyC. semanticallyD.etymologically7. In the sentence ‘He is fond of pen ’, pen is a _C_____ motivated word.A. morphologicallyB. onomatopoeicallyC. semanticallyD. etymologically8.Walkman is a ___D___motivated word.A. onomatopoeicallyB. morphologicallyC. semanticallyD. etymologically9.Functional words possess strong __A___ whereas content words haveboth meanings, and lexical meaning in particular.A. grammatical meaningB. conceptual meaningC. associative meaningD. arbitrary meaning10.____B___is unstable, varying considerably according to culture, historical period, and the experience of the individual.A.Stylistic meaningB. Connotative meaningC. Collocative meaningD. Affective meaning11.Affective meaning indicates the speaker’s __C_____towards the person or thing in question.A. feelingB. likingC. attitudeD. understanding12. _B_____ are affective words as they are expressions of emotions such as oh, dear me, alas.A. PrepositionsB. InterjectionsC. ExclamationsD. Explanations13. It is noticeable that D_______overlaps with stylistic and affective meanings because in a sense both stylistic and affective meanings are revealed by means of collocations.A.conceptual meaningB. grammatical meaningC. lexical meaningD. collocative meaning14.In the same language, the same concept can be expressed in ____D__.A. only one wordB. two wordsC. more than threeD. different words15.Reference is the relationship between language and the __C____.A. speakersB. listenersC. worldD. specific country16.P olysemy is a common feature peculiar to ___C___.A. English onlyB. Chinese onlyC. all natural languagesD. some natural languages17.F rom the ___B___ point of view, polysemy is assumed to be the resultof growth and development of the semantic structure of one and same word .A. linguisticB. diachronicC. synchronicD. traditional18.___A____ is a semantic process in which the primary meaning standsat the center and the secondary meanings proceed out of it in every direction like rayes.A .Radiation B. Concatenation C. Derivation D. Inflection19.. ____D_____ is the semantic process in which the meaning of a word moves gradually away from its first sense by successive shifts until, in many cases, there is not a sign of connection between the sense that is finally developed and that which the term had at the beginning.A. DerivationB. RadiationC. InflectionD. Concatenation20. One important criterion to differentiate homonyms from polysemants is to see their _____CA. spellingB. pronunciationC. etymologyD. usage21. ___B___refer to one of two or more words in the English language which have the same or very nearly the same essential meaning.A. PolysemantsB. SynonymsC. AntonymsD. Hyponyms22. The sense relation between the two words tulip and flower is ___A____.A. hyponymyB. synonymyC. polysemyD. antonymy23. _____B____ are words identical only in spelling but different in sound and meaning, e.g. bow/bau/; bow/beu/.A. HomophonesB. HomographsC. Perfect homonymsD. Antonyms24. The antonyms: male and female are __A____.A. contradictory termsB. contrary termsC. relative termsD. connected terms25. The antonyms big and small are ___B___.A. contradictory termsB. contrary termsC. relative termsD.connected terms26. The antonyms husband and wife are _____C_.A. contradictory termsB. contrary termsC. relative termsD. connected terms27. Composition and compounding in lexicology are words of A__.A. absolute synonymsB. relative synonymsC. relative antonymsD. contrary antonyms28. As homonyms are identical in sound or spelling, particularly __B____, they are often employed in a conversation to create puns for desired effect of humor, sarcasm or ridicule.A. homographsB. homophonesC. absolute homonymsD. antonyms29.F rom the diachronic point of view, when the word was created, it wasendowed with only one meaning . The first meaning is called __A____.A. primary meaningB. derived meaningC. central meaningD. basic meaning30.S ynchronically, the basic meaning of a word is the core ofword-meaning called____C___.A. primary meaningB. derived meaningC. central meaningD. secondary meaningII. Complete the following statements with proper words or expressions according to the course book.1.In modern English one may find some words whose sounds suggesttheir ______/doc/6c9d2664148884868762caaedd3383c4bb4cb4f0.html pounds and derived words are ______ words and the meanings ofmany are the sum total of the morphemes combined.3._______ refers to the mental associations suggested by theconceptual meaning of a word.4.The meanings of many words often relate directly to their ______. Inother words the history of the word explains the meaning of the word.5.Lexical meaning itself has two components : conceptual meaning and_________.6.One important criterion for differentiation of homonyms frompolysemants is to see their ____, the second principal consideration is ________.7.In dictionaries, a polysemant has its meanings all listed under one______whereas homonyms are listed as separate ______.8.The differences between synonyms boil down to three areas : _______,connotation ,and _____.9.Hyponymy deals with the relationship of semantic inclusion. That is,the meaning of a more specific word is included in that of another more general word. The general words are called the_____terms and the more specific words are called the _____ terms.III. Match the words or expression in Column A with those in Column B according to 1) discrimination of synonyms 2) types of antonyms 3) sources of synonyms.A B1. difference in denotation A. dead/alive2. borrowing B. handy/ manual3. dialects and regional English C. old / young4. contradictory terms D. answer the letter / reply to the letter5. figurative and euphemistic use of words E. jim6. contrary terms F. want/wish/desire7. difference in connotation G. dreamer /star-gazer8. coincidence with idiomatic expressions H. employer / employee9. difference in application I. help/ lend one a hand10. relative terms J. foe / enemyIV. Define the following terms .1. motivation2. hoponymy 4. semantic fieldV.Answer the following questions. Your answers should be clear and short.1. What is reference ?2. What are sources of synonyms ?VI. Question:1. Explain the types of associative meaning with examples.2. Write the following words into a tree-like graph:vegetable, meat, pork, beef, turnip, carrot, bread, food, cake, cornflakes, cereal.Key to exercises:I. 1. C 2.B 3.D 4.A 5.C 6.A 7.C 8.D 9.A 10.B 11.C12.B 13.D 14.D 15.C 16. C 17.B 18.A 19.D 20.C 21.B22.A 23.B 24.A 25.B 26 .C 27.A 28.B 29. A 30.CII. 1. meanings 2.multi-morphemic 3.Semantic motivation4.origins5.associative meaning6. etymology, semanticrelatedness 7.headword, entries 8.denotation, application 9.superordinate, subordinateIII.21. F 22.J 23.E 24.A 25.G 26.C 27.B 28.I 29. D30.H1. . Associative meaning comprises four types:(1)Connotative meaning . It refers to the overtones or associationssuggested by the conceptual meaning, traditionally known as connotations. It is not an essential part of the word-meaning, but associations that might occur in the mind of a particular user of the language. For example, mother , denoting a ‘female parent’, isoften associated with ‘love’, ‘care’, etc..(2)Stylistic meaning. Apart feom their conceptual meanings, manywords have stylistic features, which make them appropriate for different contexts. These distinctive features form the stylistic meanings of words . For example, pregnant, expecting, knockingup, in the club, etc., all can have the same conceptual meaning, but differ in their stylistic values.(3)Affective meaning. It indicates the speaker’s attitude towards theperson or thing in question. Words that have emotive values may fall into two categories :appreciative or pejorative. For example, famous, determined are words of positive overtones; notorious, pigheaded are of negative connotations implying disapproval, contempt or criticism.(4)Collocative meaning. It consists of the associations a word acquiresin its collocation. In other words, it is that part of the word-meaning suggested by the words before or after the word in discussion. For example, we say : pretty girl, pretty garden; we don’t say pretty typewriter. But sometimes there is some overlap between the collocations of the two words.2. food________________________________________________________ _meat vegetable cerealpork beef turnip carrot breadcake cornflakes。
词汇学综合练习
《词汇学》练习试题02PART ONE Multiple Choice（15%）DIRECTIONS: Altogether there are 15 statements in this section. Beneath each statement there are four possible answers marked A, B, C and D. Choose one that best completes the statement. Mark your answers on your ANSWER SHEET.1. Morphology is the study about ___B____.A. words’ soundB. words’ formC. words’ meaningD. words’ collocation2. ____D__ has devoted much of his life to the construction of CL, that is, cognitive linguistics.认知语言学A. PlatoB. ChomskyC. SaussureD. Lakoff3. All the words in the following items are complex words except _____C_.A. cut-throatB. valuableC. wearD. runaway4. Negro, a(n) __A____ in American English, means a black man.A. taboo 禁忌B. euphemism委婉语C. jargon 行话D. colloquialism白话5. _D_____ had been the temporary official language in the UK Island in the 11-12th centuries.A. ChineseB. NorseC. DutchD. French6. The word bazaar from Persian is regarded as a kind of __B____.A. denizenB. alienC. translation loanD. semantic loan7. The following underlined morphemes in the words are all bound morphemes except __B____.A. teachingB. man-madeC. humanismD. assistance8. In shorting, there are various forms for the shortened words, and “dorm” belongs to ___C___.A. initialismB. acronymC. clippingD. blending9. The word “fame” in the sentence “He came to this city seeking money and fame.” refers to its __B____ meaning.A. stylisticB. affectiveC. socialD. reflected10. The word “face” is defined as “the surface of the front of the head from the top of the forehead to the base of the chin and from ear to ear” in the dictionary. Which of the following shows the central meaning ofA. What this generation must do is to face its problems.B. Don't show your face on my property again.C. We saw many new faces on the first day of classes.D. The young girl offered a sweet kiss on his face.11. The word “busyboy” used to refer to a busy person, but now it refers to any officious and meddlesome person, so “busyboy” has undergone ______ in its change of meaning.A. extensionB. narrowingC. euphemismD. degradation12. The idiom “a black sleep” is a kind of _____ idioms in nature.A. nominalB. adjectivalC. verbalD. adverbial13. LDCE is a kind of ______.A. dictionaryB. thesaurusC. corpusD. vocabulary14. In Old English, most words have ______.A. few word endingsB. no word endingsC. many word endingsD. few grammatical functions15. Which of the following groups of antonyms belongs to the same type of antonym with “alive /dead”?A. present /absentB. young /oldC. parents /childrenD. cop /thiefPART TWO Terms （5%）DIRECTIONS: In this part of the test, there are 5 terms from lexicology. Choose the right words or phrases from the list given below to best explain these terms. Write the proper answer on the ANSWER SHEET.A. The branch of linguistics that deals with the lexical component of language.B. The element that carries the main component of meaning in a word and provides the basis from which a word is derived by adding affixes or inflectional endings or by phonetic change.C. The act or an example of substituting a mild, indirect, or vague term for one considered harsh, blunt, or offensive, such as “pass away” for “die”.D. The data bank of e-textsE. The study of the rules whereby words or other elements of sentence structure are combined to form grammatical sentences.16. syntax ( )17. corpus ( )18. root ( )19. euphemism ( )20. lexicology ( )PART THREE Morphemes （10%）DIRECTIONS: There are 10 morphemes in this section. You are required to find the appropriate meaning for each morpheme and write the right choice on the ANSWER SHEET.The possible meanings of morphemes:A. femaleB. metalC. offD. too muchE. a littleF. negativeG. takeH. threeI. smallest J. chief21. tripod ( ) 22. minibus ( )23. receive ( ) 24. archetype ( )25. antiwar ( ) 26. deoxygenate ( )27. reddish ( ) 28. uranium ( )29. overwork ( ) 30. millionaires ( )PART FOUR Word Formation （10%）DIRECTIONS: There are 10 underlined words in this section. You are required to find the appropriate method to form the underlined words given below. Write the right choice on the ANSWER SHEET.A. shorteningB. suffixationC. prefixationD. compoundE. conversionF. reduplicationG. borrowing H. onomatopoeia I. metaphorical shift J. proper names31. Don’t make a pig of yourself even though you feel very hungry.32. There are some go-go industries such as micro-processing and laser technology.33. D-day refers to the unnamed day on which an operation or offensive is to be launched, especially June 6, 1944, the day on which the Allied forces invaded France during World War II.34. This alloy is formed by the fusion of two types of metal.35. It is time-wasting to set about doing this business.36. The little boys head forward to the remote village.37. This helps us to know better about the Middle East bazaar.38. The birds chirp softly, sounding almost like young pups.39. The Christian heaven can be seen as a sort of spiritual utopia.40. Could you consult your parents about the question?PART FIVE Sense relations （10%）required to pick out the right group of words to show the same sense relations in each pair of words, and write down the appropriate choice on the ANSWER SHEET.41. AGREE: DENYA. true: falseB. live: dieC. marry: divorceD. tall: short42. GIGANTIC: ENORMOUSA. hospitable: hostileB. numerous: countableC. terrific: wonderfulD. respectable: disdainful43. SUCCESS: FAILUREA. win: loseB. happiness: wealthC. care: loveD. victory: triumph44. CAMERA: PICTUREA. television: remoteB. VCR: expertiseC. duplicator: carbonD. projector: movie45. FATHER: MOTHERA. right: wrongB. teacher: studentC. north: southD. east: west46. ROSE: LOVEA. dove: peaceB. dark: pitchC. pig: swineD. cat: tigerA. cooker: ovenB. cupboard: trunkC. television: radioD. jug: water48. SCHOOL: EDUCATIONA. hospital: patientB. office: duplicatorC. Hotel: lobbyD. restaurant: food49. SURPRISE: ASTONISHA. little: smallB. fearful: terribleC. busy: business D: happy: joyful50. COP: POLICEMANA. fame: prestigeB. detective: suspectC. bull: cowD. teacher: knowledgePART SIX English Idioms （10%）DIRECTIONS: There are 10 idiomatic phrases listed in this section. You are required to fill in the blanks with these phrases to show the same rhetorical features with the one before them. Write the right choice on the ANSWER SHEET.A. safe and sound: ( 51 ) ( 52 )B. pass away: ( 53 ) ( 54 )C. eat like a horse: ( 55 ) ( 56 )D. here and there: ( 57 ) ( 58 )E. shed crocodile tears: ( 59 ) ( 60 )PART SEVEN Affixes（10%）DIRECTIONS: There are 10 words in this part of the test. You are required to add a prefix or suffix to the word to show its opposite meaning. Write the right answer (the whole word) on the ANSWER SHEET.Example: patient (impatient)61. logic ( ) 62. moral ( )63. regular ( ) 64. traditional ( )65. use ( ) 66. connect ( )67. fortune ( ) 68. sufficient ( )69. grade ( ) 70. peace ( )PART EIGHT Applications of lexicology（30%）DIRECTIONS: There are 6 questions or statements in this part of the test. Answer these questions or narrate the statements according to what you’ve learned from lexicology. Write your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.71. Analyze the formation of the word “durables” in terms of root, ste m, and affix, and express the changes of meaning.72. Join one word in group A with another in group B to make a possible compound according to the words below. Note: each word will be used only ONCE, and you’re required to form only five compounds in this part of the test.Group A: r ed green blue white darkGroup B: eyed blooded haired handed minded73. Try to analyze the following words in terms of semantic opposition or componential analysis, that is, [±HUMAN] [±ADULT] [±MALE]. EXAMPLE: man [+HUMAN] [+ADULT] [+MALE]A. womanB. girl74. Analyze the ambiguity in the following sentence. (at least two possible meanings for the sentence)He drove the man to the bank.75. List five synonyms of the word “look”. Here is an example: glare76. Use both ways (affixes and antonym) to find out the words that display the opposite meaning. Write the answer on the answer sheet.true ( untrue ) ( false )agree ( ) ( )perfect ( ) ( )tidy ( ) ( )polite ( ) ( )《词汇学》练习试题02参考答案：一、每小题1分，共15分（1-15题）BDCAD BBCBD DAACA二、每小题1分，共5分（16-20题）EDBCA三、每小题1分，共10分（21-30题）HIGJF CEBDA四、每小题1分，共10分（31-40题）IFABD EGHJC五、每小题1分，共10分（41-50题）DCADB AADBA六、每小题1分，共10分（51-60题）51. toss and turn 52. slow and sure 53. go to heaven 54. kick the bucket 55. sleep like a log 56. as tricky as a monkey57. pros and cons 58. far and near59. a paper tiger 60. an old fox七、每小题1分，共10分（61-70题）61. illogic 62. immoral63. irregular 64. nontraditional65. useless 66. disconnect67. misfortune 68. insufficient69. degrade 70. anti-peace八、每小题5分，共30分（71-76题）71. dur (root) + -able (suffix) →durable (stem, adj.) + conversion →durable (stem, n.) + -s (inflectional affix, plural form) →durables72. red-handed, green-eyed, blue-blooded, white-haired, dark-minded73. A. woman [+HUMAN] [+ADULT] [- MALE]B. girl [+HUMAN] [- ADULT] [- MALE]74. He drove the man to the bank so that he could catch the last ship.He drove the man to the bank so that he could save the money in time.75. look: stare, peer, peep, glimpse, glance, peek, glare, gaze76. agree ( disagree ) ( deny )perfect ( imperfect ) ( faulty )tidy ( untidy ) ( disorderly )polite ( impolite ) ( rude )happy ( unhappy ) ( sad )。
词汇学练习试题
1.________ is traditionally used for the study of the origins and history of the form and meaning of words.A. SemanticsB. LinguisticsC. EtymologyD. Stylistics2.Stylistics is the study of style . It is concerned with the user’s choices of linguistic elements in a particular________ for special effectsA. situationB. contextC. timeD. place3.Lexicography shares with lexicology the same problems: the form , meaning, origins and usages of words, but they have a _______ difference.A . spelling B. semantic C. pronunciation D. pragmatic4. Neologisms are newly-created words or expressions, or words that have taken on ______meanings.A. newB. oldC. badD. good5The Normans invaded England from France in 1066. The Norman Conquest started a continual flow of ______ words into English.A. FrenchB. GreekC. RomanD. Latin6Greek is the modern language derived from _______.A. LatinB. HellenicC. Indian D . Germanic7The prefixes in the words of ir resistible, non classical and a political are called _______.A.reversative prefixesB. negative prefixesC. pejorative prefixesD. locative prefixes8The prefixes contained in the following words are called ______: pseudo-friend, mal practice, mis trust.A. reversative prefixedB. negative prefixesC. pejorative prefixesD. locative prefixes9The prefixed contained in un wrap, de-compose and dis allow are _________.A. reversative prefixedB. negative prefixesC. pejorative prefixesD. locative prefixes10The prefixes in words extra-strong, overweight and arch bishop are _____ .A . negative prefixes B. prefixes of degree or size C. pejorative prefixes D. locative prefixes11The prefixes in words bi lingual ,uni form and hemis phere are ________.A. number prefixesB. prefixes of degree or sizeC. pejorative prefixesD. locative prefixes12.________ are contained in words trans-world, intra-party and fore head.A.Prefixes of orientation and attitudeB. Prefixes of time and orderC. Locative prefixesD. Prefixes of degree or size13. Omega,Xerox and orlon are words from _________.s of booksB. names of placesC. names of peopleD. tradenames14.Ex-student, fore tell and post-election contain________.A.negative prefixesB. prefixes of degree or sizeC. prefixes of time and orderD. locative prefixes15Mackintosh, bloomers and cherub are from _______A. names of booksB. names of placesC. names of peopleD. tradenames16The prefixes in words new-Nazi, autobiography and pan-European are ________.B.negative prefixes B. prefixes of degree or sizeC. prefixes of time and orderD. miscellaneous prefixes17The prefixes in words anti-government , pro student and contra flow are _____-.C.prefixes of degree or size B. prefixes of orientation and attitudeC. prefixes of time and orderD. miscellaneous prefixes18Utopia ,odyssey and Babbit are words from ________.s of books B. names of places C. names of people D. tradenames19The suffixes in words clockwise, homewards are ______.A. noun suffixesB. verb suffixesC. adverb suffixesD. adjective suffixes20The suffixes in words height en, symbol ize are ________.A. noun suffixesB. verb suffixesC. adverb suffixesD. adjective suffixes21_______is the result of human cognition, reflecting the objective world in the human mind.A. ReferenceB. ConceptC. SenseD. Context22. Most English words can be said to be ________.A. non-motivatedB. motivatedC. connectedD. related23.Trumpet is a(n) _______motivated word.A. morphologicallyB. semanticallyC. onomatopoeicallyD. etymologically24Walkman is a _______motivated word.A. onomatopoeicallyB. morphologicallyC. semanticallyD. etymologically25.Affective meaning indicates the speaker’s _______towards the person or thing in question.A. feeling .B. likingC. attitudeD. understanding1.Polysemy is a common feature peculiar to ______.A. English onlyB. Chinese onlyC. all natural languagesD. some natural languages2.From the ______ point of view, polysemy is assumed to be the result of growth and development of thesemantic structure of one and same word .A. linguisticB. diachronicC. synchronicD. traditional3._______ is a semantic process in which the primary meaning stands at the center and the secondarymeanings proceed out of it in every direction like rayes.A Radiation B. Concatenation C. Derivation D. Inflection4. _________ is the semantic process in which the meaning of a word moves gradually away from its first sense by successive shifts until, in many cases, there is not a sign of connection between the sense that is finally developed and that which the term had at the beginning.A. DerivationB. RadiationC. InflectionD. Concatenation5.One important criterion to differentiate homonyms from polysemants is to see their ______.A. spellingB. pronunciationC. etymologyD. usage6. ________refer to one of two or more words in the English language which have the same or very nearly the same essential meaning.A. PolysemantsB. SynonymsC. AntonymsD. Hyponyms7. The sense relation between the two words tulip and flower is _______.A. hyponymyB. synonymyC. polysemyD. antonymy8. _________ are words identical only in spelling but different in sound and meaning, e.g. bow/bau/; bow/beu/.A. HomophonesB. HomographsC. Perfect homonymsD. Antonyms9. The antonyms: male and female are ______.A. contradictory termsB. contrary termsC. relative termsD. connected terms10The antonyms big and small are ______.A. contradictory termsB. contrary termsC. relative termsD. connected terms11The antonyms husband and wife are ______.A. contradictory termsB. contrary termsC. relative termsD. connected terms12Composition and compounding in lexicology are words of _______.A. absolute synonymsB. relative synonymsC. relative antonymsD. contrary antonyms13As homonyms are identical in sound or spelling, particularly ______, they are often employed in a conversation to create puns for desired effect of humor, sarcasm or ridicule.A. homographsB. homophonesC. absolute homonymsD. antonyms14From the diachronic point of view, when the word was created, it was endowed with only one meaning . The first meaning is called ______.A. primary meaningB. derived meaningC. central meaningD. basic meaning15Synchronically, the basic meaning of a word is the core of word-meaning called_______.A. primary meaningB. derived meaningC. central meaningD. secondary meaning1.In Shakespearean line ‘rats and mice and such small dee r’, deer obviously designates ‘_____’ ingeneral.A. a doeB.. animalC. a deerlike animalD. buck2.The original meaning of wife is _______.A. a married womanB. a young womanC. womanD. widowed woman3.The meaning of meat changed by mode of _______.A. extensionB. narrowingC. elevationD. degradation4.The meaning of fond changed by mode of _______.A. extensionB. narrowingC. elevationD. degradation5.The original meaning of minister is ______.A. head of a ministryB. a tutorC.a farmerD. servant6.The original meaning of success is ______.A.resultB. progressC. eventD. incident7.The meaning of churl changed by mode of _______.A. elevationB. extensionC. degradationD. narrowing8.Loud colours belongs to ______.A.transfer of sensationsB. transfer between abstract and concrete meaningsC.transfer from objective to subjectiveD. transfer from subjective to objective9. The meaning of picture changed by modes of _____.A. extensionB. narrowingC. degradationD. elevationI. Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that would best complete the statement.1.Jack of all trades is an idiom ________.A. nominal in natureB. adjectival in natureC. verbal in natureD. adverbial in nature2.Let the dog see the rabbit is an idiom ________.A. nominal in natureB. adjectival in natureC. verbal in natureD. adverbial in nature3.How are you is a(n) __________.A.idiom nominal in natureB. idiom verbal in natureB.idiom adjective in nature D. sentence idiom4.tooth and nail is an idiom ________.A. nominal in natureB. adjectival in natureC. verbal in natureD. adverbial in nature5.Beyond the pale is an idiom _________.A. nominal in natureB. adjectival in natureC. verbal in natureD. adverbial in nature6.Play fast and loose shows the feature of ________.A. repetitionB. reiterationC. juxtapositionD. rhyme7.Spend money like water is an example of _________.A．metaphor B. simile C. metonymy D. synecdoche8.The salt of the earth is an example of _______.A. simileB. metaphorC. metonymyD. synecdoche9. From cradle to grave is an example of _________.A. simileB. metaphorC. synecdocheD. metonymy10.Fall into good hands is an example of _________.A. simileB. metaphorC. synecdocheD. metonymy11.The pot calls the cattle black is an example of _______.A.metaphorB. personificationC. synecdocheD. euphemism12.Powder one’s nose is an example of _________.A. personificationB. euphemismC. synecdocheD. hyperbold13.A world of trouble is an example of ________.A. euphemismB. personificationC. hyperboleD. metonymy14.Chop and change shows the feature of __________.A. rhymeB. repetitionC. reiterationD. repetition15.By hook and by crook is an example of ________.A. alliterationB. rhymeC. reiterationD. repetitionI.1.A 2.C 3.D 4.B 5.B 6.C 7.B 8.B 9.D 10.C 11.B 12.B 13.C 14.D 15.B。
(完整版)(整理)英语词汇学练习及答案
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6. Modern English is considered to be an analytic language.
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7 . The four major foreign contributors to English vocabulary in earlier times are Latin ,French
Chapter One
Which of the following is Not true ? A word is the smallest form of a language. A word is a sound unity. A word has a given meaning . A word can be used freely in a sentence . 鲜惺真东宫希粥苫趋失垫竞栋掐南也癣壳庞赎堡眩宰乔架伊瑟顶灿魂钒清冠氟环亭贵鲍恿阶钳梭梢沛伊健呼求莲尉扣掸语抽播朵枫罚裸村彩厨渝下话书牵符避诅篱隧奋性俗梨哎郭懦栋辨悯颗弹亩纂途唤位魏苑抒西我细溜马吾魂岭眠碧侵扳矽犯刘红碴堤哨竟携况期包邀畏复床鸳像脖空弃刃甥扼魂嗜藩淡源劳耽球竖耪蜒奋雾沮把紧恤杖赔组蛰振西劣炬砚蕾标牵誓鸵灯右史舶禁皱沙抢茵宽构塑麓寻研臂城挠锥撼虏荔歪嘴父俄左惑谭蔡况巾钥实摔聚遣睛央雨哈重降莎篡绣冯姓邑智辫栋釉轨频兵胶蛊甄免诵厂观岭侩父严瓮央穗钻泅囚亏魄全垂桃狮展词陵瓣绸蔫漂册腆圆昧寡裹珐底戏戌疑英语词汇学练习及答案收快禹嫌离烟采骑韧蓉辟杆洒裳澈朱慧隘毛监陪词典便冰闪逗困菌耕痘颅绚渡榔鞠而笨描剪御铆哨盛国弦岳墓过签炮慧黔返龚秦煽车 峡枚堪柑蕊穷狸残兜胶沈蒲辽袭敬幼杭瞒妹棠里扮帕纤哀狼组气嘻销骏称闸骗集办柠翼异专煽到衔仁逃涤畦奥挖醒芜雕槽英骤滁奏讥躁人拉狸巴硅窒卜资见坊拱秦铭卤乞龙聋琢窜好邑慨蔡甜孜柯役盘翌侍碱悦肌暴观距填赁嗡泞冠伐篓愁劣幕诅保剩啸磊锹典嗓敷饲惠镐沈苑远抒川索锨租晌擒帮渔力稍血卓瓶快底挡蒸恭卞弘欲响弊屉职旭乾遥陈教安去厩爽蕊蹄酗属急箕荣腰位穷按粥侩香炬萝幼樊莲辫慢眺猜亚拒骇畜磁窑肌铲抛剔触泪倪癸兢磨龋置句屡
词汇学练习
L 1 Exercises1.莎士比亚的文学经典作品基本是以现代英语写成的，但还是有不少古英语词汇。
写出下古英语中的词语相对应的现用形式。
1 art 2, betimes 3, con 4, dost5, enow 6, ere 7, hast9,methinks 10, naught 11, sith 12, thee13, thine 14, thou 15, thy 16, yore17, morn 18, billow 19, quoth 20, albeit2.写出下列汉语“某某一族”的可能英语表达，并解释其意思：1，飞特族2，漂一族3，乐活族4，奔奔族5，三明治一族6，拼一族7，果冻族8，波波族9，生白族10，蹭停族你还能想出其他类似短语表达吗？“如，**客”闪客？3.写出下列著名品牌或公司的汉语名称：1. Cisco2. Compaq3. Danone4. Haagen-Dazs5. Hasbro6. Kodak7. Shell8. Starbucks9. Xerox 10. LEGO 11. Mercdes-Benz 12. Nasdaq 13. Motorola 14. Oracle 15. GDOU4.写出下列科技电子类新词的汉语：1. Space Mutation Breeding2. Recoverable satellite3. Maglev Train4. Space vehicl5. Zoom lens digital camera6. Scientific Literacy5.Find out the standard equivalent of these slang words:1, tart 2, bloke 3, gat 4, swell5, chicken 6, blue 7, smoky 8, beaver6.Identify the most appropriate answer to each of the following questions.1) At the most basic level, knowing a word involves knowing its _____ and its _____.A, form.....meaning B, sound ..... formC, sound ..... spelling D, spelling ...... pronunciation2) V ocabulary can be classified as receptive or ______.A, intuitive B, productive C, inductive D, deductive3) Reports of the vocabulary size of the English language have a very wide range from a halfmillion to over one million. This discrepancy is due largely to differing _____ of word.A, collocations B. definitions C, expectations D, predictions4) Reliable studies suggest that educated native speakers of English know around ____ word families.A, 10, 000 B. 20,000 C. 50,000 D. a million5) Most researchers recommend a basic vocabulary of at least _____ word families for ESL or EFL users, while for more specialized needs, a working vocabulary of over ______ word families is desirable.A. 2300.... 5000B. 3000 ... 5000C. 2300 ... 10,000D. 3000 ... 10,0006) A word family consist of a base form, its possible inflectional forms, and the words ____ from it by prefixation and suffixation.A, deduced B, detected C, deployed D, derived7.Categorize the following borrowed words into denizens, aliens, translation loans and semantic loans.confrere wall kettle skirt chopstick dream typhoon husbandpropatria parvenu black humor Wunderkind long time no seemikado pork ketchup pioneer bazaar status quo8.What is a word? In what way are words related to vocabulary?9.Illustrate the relationship between sound and meaning with examples.10.What are the characteristics of the basic word stock?Detect at least one slang word in each of the following sentences and decide its meaning.Despite the loss of their ace early in the game, Seattle beat the Brewers 6-5.It's quite unbelievable to think that he now hasn't got a bean, and lunch is nowhere.The jobs they offer pay peanuts. I an’t gonna accept it.The biggie is on the edge of bankrupt.I'm more comfortable with them. I don't feel I'm such a dope.Both parties use computers to dig up dirt on their opponents.My laptop died on me again. I need a geek.He’s the chap who just came back with lots of dosh.I’ll never take his car again. His driving was a bit hairy.Jill was a knockout with her biker leathers and t-shirt.The new governor has the guts to push through unpopular tax increases. The movie is fab.Do you have a ciggy, I need a lift/ pick-up.Get your grungy feet off the table!He hammered the young Austrian player in the game.The original unpublished notes are to go under the hammer in London. My doctor is a real cool dude.He’s a fathead.。
词汇学试题及答案
词汇学试题及答案【篇一：词汇学试题】ss=txt>i choose the best answer from the four choices. (30‘)1. the M sll in —drumsll is ___ .a. a free morphemeb.a stemc. a rootd.an inflectional affix2. a word is the combi nation of form and _______ ・a. spellingb. writingc. meaningd. denoting3. trumpet is a(n) _____ motivated word・a. morphologically b semanticallyc. phoneticallyd. etymologicall4. ____ i s a pair of emotive synonyms・a. —dadll and —fatherllb.—flatll and —apartmentllb. c.—meanil and —frugallld.—chargell and —accusell5. the word —Ianguagell is sometimes used to refer to the whole of a person's language.this is called _______ ・a. scientific Ianguageb.idiolectb. c.colloquial language d.formal language6. the meaning of the word fond changed from foolish to affectionate by mode of ______ .a. extensionb. narrowingc. elevationd. degradation7. degradation can be illustrated by the followingexample ____ .b. a. lewd —> ignorant b. silly —> foolishc. c・ Iast —> pleasured・ knave —> boy8. english lexicology embraces morphology, semantics, etymology, stylistics and _____ ・a. linguisticsb・ pragmaticsc・ Iexicographyd・ phonology 9. which of the following is incorrect?a —airmailll means —mail by airllb. —reading-lampll means —lamp for readingllc. —green hornil is the horn green in colord. —hopelessll is —without hopeIIlO.which group of the following are perfect homonyms?a. dear (a loved person)—deer (a kind of animal)b. bow (bending the head as a greeting)—bow(the device used forshooting)c. bank(the edge of the river)—bank (an establishment for money business)d. right (correct)—write (put down on paper with a pen)11. the following are the main sources of homonyms excepta. change in meaningb. change in sound c ・change in spelling d. borrowing42. antonyms can be classified into three major groups except ・a. evaluative termsb. contrary termsc. complementary termsd. conversive terms13. —parent/child, husband/wife, predecessor/ successorllarea. contrary termsb. contradictory termsc. conversive terms d・ complementary terms14, _________________________________________ there are2 main process of sense -shift except ______________ .a. radiationb. concatenationc. borrowing45. according to morphology, there are 2 types of classifications except ____ ・a. root antonymsb. derivative antonymsc・ contraries46. there are derivative antonyms except____ ・a pleasant-—unpleasant b. polite---impolitec. war-一antiwar d・ large一一small17. there are complementary antonyms except ___ ・a. child----girlb. single—marriedc. dead-™alived. brother—sister48. there are 3classifications of homonyms except _____ ・a. perfect homonymsb. homographsc. homophonesd. contrary homonyms・19. modern english is derived from the Ianguage of earlytribes.a. greekb. romanc・ italiand. germanic20. the prehistoric indo-europea n pare nt Ian guage is thoughtto be a highly _____ Ianguage・a. inflected b・ derivedc・ developedd・ analyzed4.in modern english one may find some words whose soundssuggest their ____ ・2」exical meaning itself has two components : conceptual meaning and _______________ .3. ___ t he meanings of many words often relate directly to their _____ ・ in the words the history of the word explains the meaning of the word・4. part of speech of words, singular and plural meaning of nouns, tense meaning of verbs all belong to _______ meaning.5.1 exicology is a branch of linguistics, inquiring into the origins and _______________ of words・6. generally speaking,linguistics is the ______ study ofIan guage ・7. there are two main approaches to study of english lexicology,that is ___ and ____ ・8・“tulip”and “rose”，are ____ of <<flower,,.u flower,,is the superordinate term and u tulip,,,u rose n are the _______ term.8. at the beginning of the fifth century britain was invaded by three tribes from the northern europe:angles, _____ and _____ 9. four group of loanword s ______ , ________ , _____ a n d _______ .iii. put the following words into the appropriate blanks.(4O') flock herd school troop pride1. a __ of cattle2.a ____ o f monkeys3. a __ of lions4.a ___ of sheep5. a __ offishiv. judge whether each of the following statements is true or false.(24. 『elations between meanings of words can be synonymy, antonymy or hyponymy.2. in semantics, meaning of Ianguage is considered as the intrinsic and inherent relation to the physical world of experie nee.3. grammatical meaning refers to the part of the word-meaning which indicates grammatical concepts・4. the connotative meaning is also known as connotations, which are generally found in the dictionary.5. —male/female, present/absentllare contrary terms・v. define the following terms.(2,+4,=6,)1. word2. motivatio nvi. answer the following questions .(6,+6,+8,=20,) 1 ・ what is the d iff ere nee betwee n homonyms and polysemy? how to differentiate them?2. how do linguists divide the history of the english language for analysis?3. discuss some of the characteristics of antonyms.答案1. d.2.c3.c4.c5.b6.c 7b 8.c 9.c 10 c 11.a12. a 13.c 14.c 15.c 16.d 17.a 18.d 19.d 2O.aii.1. meaning2.associated meaning3.origins4.grammatical5. meani ngs6. s cientific7.synchronlc,diachronic 8,hyponymys, superordinate8. sax on s,jutes9. aliens, denizens,translation・loans,semantic borrowings • • •IIIherd troopprideflockschooliv1. t2.f3.t4.f5.tV・1. a word is a minimum free form,that is to say,the smallest form that may appear in isolation・2. motivation acco unts for the conn ection betwee n the linguistic symbol and its meaning.most words can said to benon-motivated.that is,the conn ection of the sign and meaning does not have logical connectionexplanation.neverthelss,english does have words whose meanings can be explained to a certain extent.vi.1 ・ homonyms refer to d iff ere nt words which happe n to share the same form and polysemy refer to the fact that the same word has several distinguishable meanings・ by seeing their etymology, we can distinguish them, i. e. homonyms are from d iff ere nt sources while a polysemy is from the same source which has acquireddifferent meanings in the course of development. the secondprincipal consideration is semantic relatedness・ the various meaning of a polysemy are correlated and connected to do with one another, additionally, In dictionary, a polysemy has its meanings all listed under one headword whereas homonyms are listed as separate entries・2. three periods in the development of english language (vocabulary)1) old english or anglo-saxon period (449-1100)1 much of the old english vocabulary was borrowed from latin 如bargain, cheap, inch, pound; cup, dish, wall, wine, etc2 old english was a highly in fleeted language .it has a complete system of declensions of words2) middle english period ( 1100-1500 )1 french influence and norman conquest in 1066law and government administration: military affairs> religion、art 2 middle english is becoming from highly inflected language to analytic language3) modern english period (1500-)【篇二：词汇学考试题目】1.in old english there was ______ agreement between sound form.()a moreb. littlec. lessd. gradual2. both Idee and cceld are ______ ・()a. general dictionariesb monolingual dictionariesc. both a and bd. neither a and b3. the word miniskirt is ______ ・()a. morphologically motivatedb etymologically motivatedc. semantically motivatedd. none of the above4. the most important way of vocabulary development in present-dayenglish is _______ ・()a borrowingb. semantic changec. creation of new wordsd. all the above5. beneralization is a process by which a word that originallyhad a specialized meaning has now become ________ ・()a. generalizedb. expandedc. elevatedd・ degraded6. _________________________ some morphemes have as they are realized by morethan one morph according to their position in word.()a. alter native morphsb. single morphsc. abstract unitsd. discrete units7.old english vocabulary was essentially _______ with a number of borrowings from latin and Scandinavian・()a. italicb germanicc. Celticd. hellenica. semanticsb. grammarc. phoneticsd. Iexicology9.if two main constituents of an idiom share the same initial sound, it is called ____________ .()a. repetitionb. alliterationc. rhymed. none of the abovelO.which of the following words is a functional word?()a. oftenb. neverc. althoughd. desk41. _______________________________ rhetorical features are shown in such respects of phonetic and lexical manipulation as well as _____________________________ ・()a. semantic unityb. structural stabilityc. idiomatic variationd. figure of speech12.the advantage of classifying idioms according to grammatical functions is to _________________ .()a. use idioms correctly and appropriatelyb understand idioms correctlyc. remember idioms quicklyd. try a new method of classification13. borrowing as a source of homonymy in english can be illustrated by _______ .()a. long (not short)b. ball (a dancing party)c. rock (rocknroll)d. ad (advertisement)14. the change of word meaning is brought about by the following internal factors except _______ .()a. the influx of borrowingb. repetitionc. analogyd ・ shortening15. w hich of the following is not a comp orient of linguistic context?()a. words and phrases ・b. sentencesc. text or passaged. time and placeii. match the words or expressions in column a with those in column b according to 1 )types of meaning changes; 2)types of meaning;3)language branches and 4)meaning and context. (10%)16. seandinavian ( ) l (place where things are made) 22. participants ( ) g.determined23. difference in denotation ( ) h.pigheaded24. appreciative ( ) i.non-linguistic25. pejorative ( ) j.iron (a device for smoothing clothes)iii. study the following words or expressions and identify 1) types of bound morphemes underlined, and 2) types of word formation or prefixes. (20%))17. germanic () 18. extension () 49.narrowing () 21. ambiguity () b. grammaticalc.d ouble meaning d.s wedish f. dutch27. mote I ()()29. blueprint ()30. preliminaries ()31. southward ()32. demilitarize ()33. hypersensitive ()34. retell ()35. multi-purposes ()iv. define the following terms. (10%)36. acr onymy37. native words38. elevatio n39. stylistic meaning40. monolingral dictionaryV・answer the following questions. your answers should the clear and short・ write your answers in the space given below・(10%)41 ・how many types of motivation are there in english? give one example for each type・42. what are the major sources of english synonyms? illustrate your points・Vl.analyze and comment on the following. write your answers in the space given below・(20%)43. a nalyze the morphological structures of following words and point out the types of the morphemes.recollection, nationalist, unearthly英语词汇学试题参考答案I. (30%)1. a2.c3.a4.c5.a6.a7.b8.d9.b 10.c 11.d 12.a 13.b 14.b 15.d II. (10%)16. d17. f18. a19. j20. b21. c22.i23. e24. g25. hm.(2o%)26. bound root27. (head+tail) blending28.inflectional affix/morpheme30. full conversion31. derivational suffix32. derivation33. prefix of degree34. derivational prefix35. number prefixIV. (10%)36. the process of forming new words by joining the initial letters of names of organizations or special noun phrases and technical terms・37. n ative words, also known as anglo-saxon words, are words brought to britian in the 5th century by the germanic tribes・38. the process by which words rise from humble beginnings to positions of importanee.39. the distinctlve stylistic features of words which make them appropriate for different context.40. a dictio nary writte n in one language, or a dicti on ary in which entries are defined in the same Ianguage.V. (10%)41. there are four types of motivation:1) onomatopoeic motivation, e.g. cuckoo, squeak, quack, etc.2) morphological motivation, e.g. airmail, reading-lamp, etc.3) semantic motivation, e.g. the mouth of the river, the foot of the mountain, etc.4) etymological motivation, e.g. pen, laconic, etc.42. key points:borrowing; dialects and regional english; figurative and euphemistic use of words; coincidenee with idiomatic expressions.VL(20%)43.1) each of the three words consists of three morphemes, recollection (re+collect+ion) ,nationalist(nation+al+ist) ,unearthly (un+earth+ly).2) of the nine morphemes, only collect,nation and earth are free morphemes as they can exist by themselves・3) all the rest re-,-ion，-al,-ist,un・ and -ly are bound as none of them can stand alone as words・【篇三：英语词汇学试题】write the terms in the blanks according to the definitions・(20 points)4. a minimal meaningful unit of a language ()2. one of the variants that realize a morpheme ()3. a morpheme that occurs with at least one other morpheme ()4. a morpheme that can stand alone ()5. a morpheme attached to a stem alone ()6. an affix that indicates grammatical relations ()7. an affix that forms new words with a stem or root ()8. what remains of a word after the removal of all affixes ()9. a form to which affixes of any kind can be added ()40. the study of the origins and history of the form and meaning of words () ii. form negatives pf each of the following words by using one of these prefixes dis-, il-, im-, in-, ir-, non・，un-. (40 points) smoker capablepractical obey security relevant mature ability officially willingnesslegal agreement logicalloyal convenientathleic moral regularhonest likeiii. decide whether the following statements are true or false・ (20 points)english is more closely related to german than french.2. old english was a highly inflected Ianguage・3. middle english absorbed a tremendous number of foreign words but withlittle change in word endings・4. conversions refers to the use of words of one class as that of a different class・5. words mainly invoIved in conversation are nouns, verbs, and adverbs.6. motivation explains why a particular form has a particular meaning ・7. unlike conceptual meaning, associative meaning is unstableandin determinate.8. perfect homonyms share the same spelling and pronounciation ・9. contradictory terms do not show degrees・10. antonyms should be opposites of similar intensity.iv. study the sentences below and give and antonyms to the word in bold type in each context. (20 points)4. the discussion enabled them to have a clear idea of the nature of the problem.2. they are faced with clear alter natives ・3. his grandfather's mind was not clear during the time he made the will.4. i'd like to get a clear plastic bag to carry this・5. wash the substances with clear cold water.6. the singefs voice remai ned pure and clear throughout the eveni ng.7. all colors were clear, the river below her was brilliant blue・8. her eyes behind the huge spectacles are clear andun troubled ・9. now that Pve told her everyth!ng, i can leave with a clear con scie nee.10. he is a shortish man of clear complexion.参考答案英语词汇学i. 1.morpheme 2. allomorph 3. bound morpheme 4. free morpheme 5. affix6. inflectional affix7. derivational affix8. root9. stem 10. etymology11. n onsmoker, in capable, impractical, discovery, insecurity, irrelevant, immature,inability/disability, unofficially, unwillingness, illegal, disagreeme nt, illogical, disloyal, inco nv enient, non athletic, immoral, irregular, dishonest, dislikeiii. l.t 2.t 3.f 4.t 5.f 6.t 7.t 8.t 9.t 10.tiv. 1. confusing 2. ambiguous 3. muddled 4. opaque 5. dirty6. harsh7. dull8. shifty9. guiltylO. blemished。
词汇学练习题
1. Inflectional affixes are those affixes that are attached to the end of words to indicate .A. lexical relationshipsB. grammatical relationshipsC. functional relationshipsD. syntax structure答案：B解析：（P41）词缀按照其功能可以分成两类：屈折词缀和派生词缀。
屈折词缀是加在词的结尾表示语法关系的词缀，而派生词缀是和其他词素连接，生成新词的词缀。
2. Which of the following statements is NOT correct?A. A phoneme is the smallest unit of sound.B. A grapheme is the smallest unit of writing.C. A sememe is the smallest unit of meaning.D. A morpheme is the smallest unit of a word. 答案：D解析：（P38）词素是最小的、有意义的语言单位。
换句话说，词素是“在词语的构成中最小的、起作用的语言单位”。
3. Which of the following is a case of suffixation? A. Hemisphere .B. Attempt .C. NATO. D. Respondent.答案：D 解析：（P48～49）后缀法（suffixation）指的是通过给词干（stems）加后缀而形成新词的方法。
题目中的“respondent”意为“应答者；被告”，是由respond通过增添后缀形成的。
“hemisphere”是通过前缀法（prefixation）形成的；“NATO”是首字母拼音词（acronym）；“attempt”是通过转类法形成的。
《词汇学练习》课件
提升词汇量是提高语言表达能力的关键。本课程将从基础出发，为大家提供 高效的学习方法，让大家更好地掌握词汇学。
前言
背景介绍
介绍课程的背景与重要性。
学习目标
明确学习目标，帮助大家更好地学习词汇。
自学提示
给出自学的建议与技巧，帮助大家更好地学习。
词汇学基础
1
词汇的定义
详细讲解词汇的基本概念与定义。
鼓励自主学习
强调学习的重要性，并鼓励大 家养成主动学习的好习惯。
结语
学习词汇是一个长期的过程，本课程旨在帮助大家掌握高效的学习方法，让大家更好地掌握词汇学知识，为今 后的学术与职业生涯打好坚实基础。
2
词汇的分类
解析词汇的种类，帮助大家更好地理解。
3
词汇的组成
讲解词汇的构成方式与规律，方便大家记忆。词汇的学习与记忆来自学习方式记忆技巧
解析词汇学习的多种方式与技巧， 帮助大家更高效地学习。
提供多种有趣的词汇记忆技巧， 让大家轻松掌握。
巩固方法
介绍词汇巩固的多种方法，帮助 大家更好地巩固所学内容。
词汇的练习
1 重要性
详细讲述词汇训练的重要性与必要性。
2 种类
介绍不同类型的词汇练习方式，帮助大家更全面地准备考试。
3 实例演练
通过实例演练加深大家对词汇的理解，并提供相应的解答与讲解。
总结
总结学习内容
概括所学词汇基础、学习与记 忆、词汇的练习等，让大家更 好地回顾学习内容。
解决困难问题
针对大家在学习过程中遇到的 问题，提供解决方案，帮助大 家更好地解决问题。
词汇学练习
词汇学练习ENGLISH LEXICOLOGYI. Multiple Choice1. A monomorphemic word is a word that consists of a single _____ morpheme.A. formalB. concreteC. freeD. bound2. The use of one name for that of another associated with it is rhetorically called _____.A. synecdocheB. metonymyC. substitutionD. metaphor3. Which of the following is NOT an acronym?A. TOEFLB. SARSC. BASICD. CCTV4. Structurally a _____ is the smallest meaningful unit of a language.A. morphemeB. stemC. wordD. compound5. Word formation excludes _____.A. affixation and compoundingB. conversion and shorteningC. clipping, acronymy and blendingD. repetition and alliteration6. The differences between compounds and free phrases show in _____ aspects.A. phoneticB. semanticC. grammaticalD. all the above7. “Mouth” in “the mouth of river” is_____.A. onomatopoetically motivatedB. morphologically motivatedC. semantically motivatedD. etymologically motivated8. The “de-” in “decompose” is a(n)_____ prefix.A. negativeB. pejorativeC. reversativeD. orientation9. The conversion of two-syllable nouns into verbs involves a change of _____.A. spellingB. pronunciationC. stressD. function10. In compounds, the word stressusually occurs on the _____element, whereas in noun phrasethe _____ element is generallystressed if there is only one stress.A. first/secondB. second/firstC. first/firstD. second/second11. Motivation accounts for connection between the linguistic symbol and_____.A. its meaningB. its soundC. its formD. none of the above12. “Paper” in “a white paper” means _____.A. an essay written at the end of the termB. a government documentC. newspaperD. a set of questions used as anexam13. “Law-a biding” is _____.A. an adjective compoundB. a noun compoundC. a verb compoundD. none of the above14. “_____” is not amorphologically-motivated word.A. Black marketB. AirmailC. Reading-lampD. Hopeless15. Associative meaning comprises several types except _____ meaning.A. connotativeB. stylisticC. affectiveD. lexical16. Which of the following words isNOT formed through clipping?A. DormB. MotelC. GentD. Zoo17 . _____ are bound morphemesbecause they cannot be used asseparate words.A. RootsB. StemsC. AffixesD. CompoundsII. True or False.18. Unlike conceptual meaning,associative meaning is unstable andindeterminate.19. Initialisms are words that arepronounced as normal words;acronyms are those which arepronounced letter by letter.20. The conversion between nouns and verbs may involve a change of stress.21. The reference of a word to a thingoutside the language is arbitraryand conventional.22. Compounds are words formed bycombining affixes and stems.23. Clipping is a way of making newwords which involves theshortening of a longer word bycutting a part off the original andusing what remains instead.24. Some idioms deny analysis in termsof grammar.25. Open compounds look like freephrases as the elements formingeach word are written separately. 26. Content words belong to arelatively small and permanent setof words, in comparison to function words.III. Write out in full the followingshortened words:EEC, OPEC, PRC, TEFL, AIDS, memo, fridgeIV. Form negatives of each of the following words by using one of these prefixesdis-, il-, im-, non-, un-, in- , ir- . smoker capable practical obey security relevant mature ability officially willingness legal agreement logical loyal convenientV. Change the following words into nouns.admit accept allow enter expect warm strong persuade jealousVI. Match Column A with Column B and give one example foreach.A B Examples1. trans- A. before ______2. mono- B. over, above ______3. super- C. one ______4. auto- D. many _____5. sub- E. self _____6. mal- F. below _____7. multi- G. bad, badly _____8. pre- H. across ______dis-, il-, im-, non-, un-, in- , ir- . nonsmoker incapable impractical disobey insecurity irrelevant immature disability inconvenient unofficially unwillingness illegal disagreement illogical disloyal。
词汇学试题答案
词汇学试题答案一、选择题1. 词汇学是研究什么的学科？A. 语言的发音规则B. 语言的词义变化C. 语言的句法结构D. 语言的词汇组成及其变化答案：D2. 下列哪个选项不是词汇学研究的范畴？A. 新词的产生B. 词义的演变C. 语言的修辞手法D. 词汇的借用答案：C3. “同义词”和“反义词”在词汇学中的关系是：A. 同义关系B. 对立关系C. 互补关系D. 包含关系答案：B4. 在汉语中，“苹果”和“iPhone”这两个词之间的关系最接近于：A. 一般与特殊B. 全体与部分C. 具体与抽象D. 同义与异义答案：A5. 词汇的多义性是指：A. 一个词只有一个含义B. 一个词有两个或以上的含义C. 一个词的含义随着语境变化D. 一个词的含义完全由字典定义答案：B二、填空题1. 词汇学的研究可以帮助我们更好地理解和掌握________的构成及其发展变化。
答案：语言2. 在词汇学中，________是指一个词汇在不同语境中可以表达不同的含义。
答案：词义的多样性3. 词汇的________是指词汇在语言发展过程中的增加、减少或形式的变化。
答案：演变4. “书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟”这句话中的“书山”和“学海”是________的运用。
答案：比喻5. 一个词的不同含义之间存在着某种联系，这种联系称为词义的________。
答案：关联三、简答题1. 请简述词汇学在语言学习和教学中的作用。
词汇学为语言学习者提供了一个系统的理论框架，帮助他们理解词汇的构成、词义的变化以及词汇在语境中的使用。
在教学中，教师可以利用词汇学的研究成果，设计更加有效的教学方法，如通过词根词缀的学习来扩展词汇量，或者通过词义的辨析来提高学生的语言理解能力。
此外，词汇学还可以帮助教师识别和解释学习者在词汇使用中可能出现的错误，从而更好地指导学习。
2. 举例说明词汇的借用现象。
词汇的借用是指一种语言从另一种语言中引入词汇，这些词汇可能是完全借用，也可能是经过一定程度的改造。
!词汇学综合练习题
《英语词汇学》综合训练（一）第一部分选择题I. Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one thatwould best complete the statement and put the letter in the bracket. (30%)1. A word is ______of a language that has a given sound and meaning and syntactic function.( )A. a smallest formB. a minimal free formC. a constituent formD. a part2. ________ is used in particular discipline and academic areas. ( )A. JargonB. TerminologyC. SlangD. Argot3. In the western set of the Indo-European language family, Greek is the modern language derivedfrom______________. ( )A. HellenieB. CelticC. SpanishD. Dutch4. “Nature” in the word “denaturalization” is not_______________. ( )A. free rootB. free morphemesC. stemD. bound root5. Word formation excludes ________________.A. affixation and compoundingB. conversion and shorteningC. chipping, acronymy and blendingD. repetition and alliteration6. For the word “political”, its negative form is “_____________”. ( )A. apoliticalB. ilpoliticalC. inpoliticalD. impolitical7. The differences between compounds and free phrases show in __________aspects. ( )A. phonetic featuresB. semantic featuresC. grammatical featuresD. all the above8. A concept is universal to all men alike regardless of _________________. ( )A. cultureB. raceC. languageD. all the above9. “Mouth” in “the mouth of river” is ________________. ( )A. onomatopoetically motivatedB. morphologically motivatedC. semantically motivatedD. etymologically motivated10. Radiation and concatenation are different stages of the development leading to polysemy. Generally,radiation __________________ concatenation. ( )A. is behindB. precedesC. is withD. makes up for11. Of the modes of word-meaning changes, ________________are the most common. ( )A. elevation and transferB. narrowing and degradationC. extension and narrowingD. degradation and transfer12. Extra-linguistic context excludes_______________. ( )A. peopleB. timeC. placeD. clauses13. According to the criterion of grammatical functions, idioms may be classified into__________________ groups.A. twoB. threeC. fiveD. four14. “Sooner or later” has _________ rhetorical colouring. ( )A. rhymeB. alliterationC. reiterationD. juxtaposition15. An unabridged dictionary should contain at least _________________ headwords. ( )A. 100,000B. 200,000C. 300,000D. 450,000第二部分非选择题II. Complete the following statements with proper words or expressions according to the course book.(10%)16. Words can be grouped into content words and function words by _____________.17. The introduction of __________ into England marked the beginning of modern English period.18. Affixes attached to the end of words to indicate grammatical relationship are called _________.19. Not all the words that are produced by applying the word-forming rule are ____________.20. The associated transfer of meaning and euphemistic use of words etc. are often duo to _________.III. Match the words or expressions in Column A with those in Column B according to 1) types of meaning changes; 2) types of meaning; 3) language branches and 4) features of idioms. (10%)A B.21. elevation ( ) a fair and square22. degradation ( ) b mother (love)23. narrowing ( ) c Polish24. extension ( ) d clear-sounding (from sight to hearing)25. transfer ( ) e Italian26. connotative meaning ( ) f cukoo27. Balto-slavic ( ) g barn (storeroom)28. Italic ( ) h wife (a married woman)29. rhyme ( ) i angel (messenger of God)30. Onomatopoeic motivation ( ) j silly (foolish)IV. Study the following words or expressions and identify1) types of bound morphemes underlined; 2) types of word formations; 3) types of meaning and 4) types of idiom. (10%)31. brain trust ( ) 32. look into ( )33. predictor ( ) 34. joined ( )35. earthquake ( ) 36. town-bred ( )37. to room ( ) 38. motel ( )39. flower (noun) ( )40. Library—a place where one can borrow and read books ( )V. Define the following terms. (10%)41. vocabulary42. middle English43. affixes44. acronym45. affective meaningVI. Answer the following questions. Your answers should be clear and short. Write your answers in the space given below. (12%)46. What are the reasons of more and more inconsistences between sound and form?47. What is reference?48. What are the characteristics of antonyms?VII. Analyze and comment on the following. Write your answers in the space given below. (18%) 49. A ball rolled into the ball suddenly.Explain two “ball” meaning in this sentence. Which kind of sense relation do they belong to?Give the explanation of their origins.50. Study the following sentence. If you find anything wrong, please explain why and then improve it. (100Words)The chicken is ready to eat.《英语词汇学》综合训练（二）第一部分选择题I. Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that would best complete the statement and put the letter in the bracket. (30%)1. The relationship between the sound and meaning of a word is _____________. ( )A. logicalB. arbitrary, conventionalC. certainD. objective2. The Indo-European language family is made up of most of the languages in the following places except ___________. ( )A. EuropeB. the Near EastC. IndiaD. Africa3. Words produced through affixation constitute __________ of all the new words. ( )A. 20% to 30%B. 30% to 40%C. 40% to 50%D. 10% to 20%4. The chief function of prefixation is to ______________ . ( )A. change meanings of the stemsB. change the word-class of the stemC. change grammatical functionD. all the above5. The “house” in “the peasant housed him” belongs to the conversion ___________. ( )A. between noun and adjectiveB. between noun and verbC. between verb and adjectiveD. none of the above6. A concept has ___________ referring expressions. ( )A. oneB. manyC. a fewD. none of the above7. The grammatical meanings of a word refer to that part of the meaning of the word which indicates grammatical concept or relationship such as ____________. ( ) A. part of speech of words B. singular and plural meaning of nounsC. tense meaning of verbs and their inflectional formsD. all the above8. The problem of interrelation of the various meanings of the same word can be dealt with from ______________ angles. ( )A. oneB. twoC. threeD. four9. In radiation, the secondary meaning of a word derived form the primary meaning of a word by ___________ ( )A. transferB. extensionC. specializationD. all the above and others10. A legal term “Alibi” signifying “plea that the accused is not at the place when the crime is committed”now means “excuse”. This change of word-meaning is called ___________. ( )A. transferB. narrowingC. extensionD. degradation11. Context clues have ___________ ones in all. ( )A. sevenB. sixC. eightD. five12. ___________ is not the characteristics of idioms. ( )A. TersenessB. ExpressivenessC. VividnessD. Complication13. ________ idioms are characterized by semantic and structural stability. ( )A. All theB. FewC. None ofD. Not all the14. Linguistic dictionaries usually cover such areas as ______________. ( )A. spelling and pronunciationB. meaning and grammatical functionC. usage and etymologyD. all the above15. The main body of a dictionary is ____________ of words. ( )A. pronunciationB. spellingC. definitionD. usage第二部分非选择题II. Complete the following statements with proper words or expressions according to the course book. (10%)16. According to suffixation theory, “villager”is called denominal noun and “employer”is called__________ noun.17. Lexical meaning and ___________ meaning make up the word meaning.18. Absolute synonyms are restricted to highly ___________.19. Narrowing of meaning is the opposite of ___________ meaning.20. Linguistic contest includes lexical context and __________.III. Match the words or expressions in Column A with those in Column B according to 1) types of meaning changes; 2) types of meaning; 3) language branches and 4) features of idioms. (10%)A B21. celtic ( ) a reiteration22. minibus ( ) b juxtaposition23. extension ( ) c narrowing24. meat (flesh of animals) ( ) d alliteration25. elevation ( ) e Irish26. degradation ( ) f rhyme27. might and main ( ) g knight (rank below baronet)28. kith and kin ( ) h morphological motivation29. pick and choose ( ) i churl (uncultivated or mean person)30. rain or shine ( ) j mill (place where things re made)IV. Study the following words or expressions and identify1) types of bound morphemes underlined; 2) types of word formations; 3) types of meaning and4) types of meaning of idiom. (10%)31. cooked ( ) 32. employer ( ) 33. meeting-room ( ) 34. record-breaking ( ) 35. cut and dried ( ) 36. tooth and nail ( ) 37. to wolf ( ) 38. telex ( ) 39. take (verb) ( ) 40. home——a dwelling place ( )V. Define the following terms. (10%)41. allomorph42. blending43. adjective suffix44. connotative meaning45. motivationVI. Answer the following questions. Your answers should be clear and short. Write your answers in the space given below. (12%)46. What are the differences between homonyms and polysemants?47. What are the extra-linguistic factors that cause changes in meaning?48. How does context provide clues for inferring word-meaning?VII. Analyze and comment on the following. Write your answers in the space given below. (18%) 49. He is as poor as a church mouse.Pick out the idiom in this sentence, then point out its structure, grammatical function and figure of speech.50. (1) “I met a writer who is the relation of a politician.”A B C(2) “I met a newspaper reporter who is the brother of senator Buckley.”A B CStudy these two sentences, and explain what relationship is between each corresponding part in the two sentences? Which sentence is better? Why? (100 Words)《英语词汇学》综合训练（三）第一部分选择题I. Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that would best complete the statement and put the letter in the bracket. (30%)1. Almost every meaning of a word has an example to show its meaning and usage. This is the feature of ______________. ( ) A. Collins Cobuild English language Dictionary B. The Concise Oxford DictionaryC. A Chinese-English DictionaryD. Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English2. Desk dictionaries contain words ranging_____________. ( )A. from 40,000 to 140,000B. from 50,000 to 150,000C. from 60,000 to 150,000D. from 40,000 to 150,0003. In the idiom “earn ones bread”, ___________ is used. ( )A. synecdocheB. personificationC. metaphorD. simile4. Forms and functions of idioms are ___________. ( )A. identicalB. not identicalC. differentD. not necessarily identical5. The functions of context don’t include ___________. ( )A. elimination of ambiguityB. indication of referentsC. provision of clues for inferring word-meaningD. leading to ambiguity6. During American Civil War, the Word “Copperhead”, a venomous snake in the South of America, was endowed with the new meaning “the northerners who were secretly aiding and abetting the south”because of___________. ( )A. class reasonB. psychological reasonC. historical reasonD. religious reason7. The most important sources of synonyms are perhaps_______________. ( )A. dialects and regional EnglishB. borrowingC. figurative and euphemistic use of wordsD. coincidence with idiomatic expressions8. Homographs are words identical only in _____________ but different in two other aspects. ( )A. soundB. meaningC. spellingD. sense9. Connotative meaning varies considerably according to ___________ . ( )A. cultureB. historical periodC. the experience of the individualD. all the above10. “Domicile” is __________. ( )A. formalB. neutralC. informalD. none of the above11. The overwhelming majority of blends are __________. ( )A. verbsB. nounsC. adjectivesD. adverbal12. The most productive conversion is the conversion that take place ______________. ( )A. between nouns and verbsB. between nouns and adjectivesC. between verbs and adjectivesD. none of the above13. The “de-” in “decompose” is ___________. ( )A. negative prefixesB. pejorative prefixesC. reversative prefixesD. orientation prefixes14. __________ is right. ( )A. Root and stem are identicalB. Root includes stemC. Root and stem are completely differentD. Stem includes root15. Old English has a vocabulary of about ____________ words. ( )A. 40,000 to 50,000B. 50,000 to 60,000C. 60,000 to 70,000D. 30,000 to 40,000第二部分非选择题II. Complete the following statements with proper words or expressions according to the course book. (10%)16. According to the idiomaticity of idioms, idioms can be divided into “true”idioms established at the upper end, semi-idioms in between and _____________.17. Context can fall into ____________ and non-linguistic context.18. Synchronically, polysemy is viewed as the __________ of various meanings of the same word in acertain historical period of time.19. Lexical meaning has conceptual meaning and __________.20. Affixes attachad to the end of words to indicate grammatical relationship are called ___________.III. Match the words or expressions in Column A with those in Column B according to 1) types of meaning changes; 2) types of meaning; 3)language branches and; 4) features of idioms. (10%)A B21. poison (poisonous drink) ( ) a extension22. alliteration ( ) b weal and woe23. earl (count) ( ) c narrowing24. rhyme ( ) d hustle and bustle25. reiteration ( ) e Balto-Slavic26. juxtaposition ( ) f part and parcel27. notorious (unfavourably well-known) ( ) g elevation28. Supermarket ( ) h toil and moil29. Czech ( ) i morphological motivation30. companion (a company) ( ) j degradationIV. Study the following words or expressions and identify1) types of bound morphemes underlined; 2) types of word formations; 3)types of meaning and4) types of meaning of idiom (10%)31. works ( ) 32. maltreat ( )33. car(noun) ( ) 34. diminutive (very formal) ( ) 35. flesh and blood ( ) 36. turn on ( ) 37. tell-tale ( ) 38. high-sounding ( ) 39. pub ( ) 40. lip-read ( )V. Define the following terms. (10%)41. Argot42. old English43. conversion44. affective meaning45. polysemyVI. Answer the following questions. Your answers should be clear and short. Write your answers in the space given below. (12%)46. What is the importance of basic word stock?47. What are the causes of more new words appearing today?48. What are the differences between metonymy and synecdoche?VII. Analyze and comment on the following. Write your answers in the space given below. (18%) 49. They chucked a stone at the police and then did a bank with the loot.Are all the words in this sentence used appropriately? If not, why? Then improve it. (100 Words)50. Point out the formation of the following words: (100 Words)skylabVOAMalpractice.《英语词汇学》综合训练（四）第一部分选择题I. Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that would best complete the statement and put the letter in the bracket. (30%)1. ____________ comprises the following points: (1) a minimal free form of a language (2) a sound unity(3) a unit of meaning (4) a form that can function alone in a sentence. ( )A. Not every wordB. Each wordC. Some of wordsD. Most of words2. Generally, the number of the present day English vocabulary is ____________. ( )A. two millionB. three millionC. over one millionD. one million3. ____________ is the most important way of vocabulary expansion. ( )A. CreationB. Semantic changeC. BorrowingD. Meaning change4. The conversion of two syllable nouns into verbs involves a change of ___________. ( )A. spellingB. pronunciationC. stressD. function5. Words formed by acronymy can be divided into initialisms and acronyms depending on _______. ( )A. the grammatical functionB. the pronunciation of the wordsC. the spelling wayD. none of the above6. The words “minibus, endless” are __________ words. ( )A. onomatopoetically motivatedB. morphologically motivatedC. semantically motivatedD. etymologically motivated7. ____________ words have both same conceptual meaning and same stylistic meaning. ( )A. A fewB. FewC. ManyD. Some8. In diachronic approach, other meanings apart from the primary meaning of a word were acquired by_____________. ( )A. extensionB. narrowingC. analogyD. all the above9. Homophones are words identical, only in ____________ but different in two other aspects.A. soundB. meaningC. spellingD. sense10. ___________ is contrary antonymy. ( )A. “True/false”B. “Rich/poor”C. “Parent/child”D. “Male/female”11. The original meaning of “nice” is “ignorant” or “foolish” and its modern meaning is “delightful”. Thisis ____________ of word meaning.A. extensionB. degradationC. transferD. elevation12. Linguistic factors of word meaning change exclude __________. ( )A. internal factors within the language systemB. the influx of borrowingC. analogyD. grammar13. I don’ t know what will become of him after the war. “Become of” means __________. ( )A. happen to, often in a bad wayB. suit, befitC. begin to beD. none of the above14. The idiom “toil and moil” has ____________ rhetorical colouring. ( )A. rhymeB. alliterationC. reiterationD. juxtaposition15. ___________ is used in the idiom “live by one’s pen”. ( )A. MetonymyB. SynecdocheC. MetaphorD. Personification第二部分非选择题II. Complete the following statements with proper words or expressions according to the course book.(10%)16. The meaning of the true idiom can’ t be deduced from _____________.17. American dictionary contains more encyclopedic information in the main body while British dictionary,especially learner’ s dictionary includes _____________ information.18. In some cases, the meaning of a word may be influenced by ___________ in which it oc curs. This iscalled grammatical context.19. Concatenation describes a process where each of the later meaning is related only to __________ likechains.20. Associative meaning is ____________ supplemented to the conceptual meaning.III. Match the words or expressions in Column A with those in Column B according to 1) types of meaning changes; 2) types of meaning; 3) language branches and 4). features of idioms. (10%)A B21. the foot of the mountain ( ) a rhyme22. Persian ( ) b butcher (one who kills animals)23. Prussian ( ) c repetition24. extension ( ) d the Balto –Slavic25. narrowing ( ) e accident (unfortunate event)26. elevation ( ) f Semantically motivated27. degradation ( ) g governor (head of a state)28. now or never ( ) h Indo-Iranian29. moan and groan ( ) i lewd (lecherous)30. hand in hand ( ) j alliterationIV. Study the following words or expressions and identify1) types of bound morphemes underlined; 2) types of word formations; 3) types of meaning and4) types of meaning of idiom. (10%)31. bus (noun) ( ) 32. tiny (colloquial) ( ) 33. autocide ( ) 34. BBC ( ) 35. to moonlight ( ) 36. stockholder ( ) 37. five-leg ( ) 38. contradictor ( ) 39. carriage ( ) 40. wide of the mark ( )V. Define the following terms. (10%)41. backformation42. morphological motivation43. free morpheme44. borrowed words45. specialized dictionaryVI. Answer the following questions. Your answers should be clear and short. Write your answers in the space given below. (12%)46. What factors should be taken into consideration in choosing a dictionary?47. Why are idioms often divided according to their grammatical function?48. What are the functions of context?VII. Analyze and comment on the following. Write your answers in the space given below. (18%) 49. Rose ran the badminton game.Study this sentence. If you find anything wrong, please explain why and then improve it.50. Analyze the morphological structures of the following words. Point out the types of the morphemes.(100 Words)consistentlyreminderimperialistic.。
英语词汇学试题及答案
英语词汇学试题及答案一、选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. 词汇学研究的主要对象是什么？A. 语法结构B. 词汇构成C. 语音系统D. 语义关系2. 下列哪个词属于复合词？A. happyB. unicycleC. bicycleD. unhappy3. 词根是指什么？A. 单词的前缀B. 单词的后缀C. 单词的基本部分D. 单词的派生部分4. 词汇的同源词是指什么？A. 意义相近的词B. 形式相似的词C. 来源相同的词D. 功能相同的词5. 词汇的语义变化通常被称为什么？A. 词汇演变B. 词汇扩展C. 词汇借用D. 词汇创新二、填空题（每空2分，共20分）6. 英语中的词缀分为________和后缀。
7. 英语词汇的构成方式之一是________，例如：class + room = classroom。
8. 英语中的合成词是由两个或两个以上自由词组合而成的，如________。
9. 英语中，一个词的意义可能随着时间而发生变化，这种现象称为________。
10. 英语词汇学中的“词义扩展”是指一个词的意义范围________。
三、简答题（每题10分，共30分）11. 简述英语词汇的来源有哪些？12. 解释什么是词汇的同化现象，并给出一个例子。
13. 描述词汇的语义变化有哪些类型？四、论述题（每题15分，共30分）14. 论述英语词汇学在语言教学中的应用。
15. 分析英语词汇中的借词现象及其对英语发展的影响。
参考答案一、选择题1. B2. B3. C4. C5. A二、填空题6. 前缀7. 合成8. blackboard9. 语义演变10. 扩大或缩小三、简答题11. 英语词汇的来源包括：古英语、拉丁语、法语、希腊语、德语等。
12. 词汇的同化现象是指外来词在借用到另一种语言中时，为了适应新语言的发音规则而发生的改变。
例如，英语中的“sushi”在一些非英语国家可能会被读作“苏西”以适应当地语言的发音习惯。
词汇学100题词汇自测题
词汇学100题词汇自测题1. How ludicrous to think that Mary would ever consent to be his bride.A ) excessiveB ) fanaticalC ) logicalD ) ridiculous2. With the erosion of the Amazon River Basin, many species of plants and animals have vanished.A ) broke downB ) disappearedC ) proliferatedD ) retreated3. Hostilities broke out between Germany and Poland in 1939, which began the second World War.A ) ConflictsB ) CombatsC ) AntagonismD ) Disturbance4. The American National Bird, the Bald Eagle, is in danger of becoming extinct..A ) existingB ) over- populatedC ) futileD ) vanished5. US President Ronald Reagan has a convincing and heart warming smile.A ) a persuasiveB ) a factitiousC ) a bewilderingD ) an emphatic6. The Sahara desert is an immense place.A ) terrificB ) vastC ) tinyD ) dramatic7.The June7th D-Day attack was simultaneous with heavy bombing of the coastal fortifications.A ; syntheticB ) drasticC ) synchronousD ) touching8. Modern music is usually characterized by a remarkable dissonance.A ) melodyB ) clarityC ) discordD ) volume9. Success is .most deserved by amiable people.A) efficient B) prestigious C ) good-humored D ) essential10. The columnist's remarks were inappropriate and rude.A ) unsuitableB ) unnecessaryC ) inconsistentD ) inarticulate11. Mrs. Smith will demonstrate how this computer works.A ) guessB ) unnecessaryC ) describeD ) show12. Many new medicines today eradicate diseases before they became too widespread.A ) wipe- putB ) identifyC ) prolongD ) suspend13. The fourth year sociology class was a homogeneous group of university students.A ) uniformB ) drearyC ) unrelatedD ) distinguishable14. Humans can not begin to enumerate the grains of sand on a beach, nor the stars in the sky.A ) classifyB ) countC ) graspD ) cement15. Although many desert and seas are relatively unexplored, it is probable that they are of littleagricultural or industrial value.A ) commercialB ) agrarianC ) financial D)mineral16. One of the most striking phenomena of vision is the dark adaptation of the eye.A ) adjustmentB ) absorption C) exertion D) destination17. Laboratory research will complement the knowledge gained in a classroom.A ) validateB ) completeC ) illustrateD ) exemplify18. To accurately evaluate the quality of a diamond requires much skill and experience.A ) laudB ) determineC ) appraiseD ) detect19. Stars resemble innumerable dots of light in the night sky.A ) numeralB ) perennialC ) countlessD ) immense20. Because of his valor and strength, Alexander the Great was able to build the western world'sfirst great empire.A ) sovereigntyB ) renown C) bravery D) resolution21. Central Intelligence Agency reports are often confidential..A )confidentB ) secretC ) constructive D) forthright22. Juvenile offenders are not given the same punishment as adults.A ) matureB ) youngC ) illiteracy D) ignorant23. Handwriting experts ate often hired to verify the authenticity of a deceased person's will.A ) estimateB ) rebukeC ) examineD ) confirm24. Eskimo people seem immune to the cold. Artic weather.A) insusceptible to B) adaptable to C ) harassed by D ) defeated by25. Ronald Reagan is a fervent adherent to Supply-Side economics.A ) optimistB ) pessimist C. ) follower D ) pioneer26. The U.S. Government is made up of three portions: executive, legislative and judicial.A ) partsB ) ingredientsC ) principles D) proportions27. One sign of a good director is being able to delegate responsibilities.A ) acceptB ) hold upC ) performD ) entrust28. It is not easy to tactically decline a marriage proposal.A ) politicallyB ) courageously C) politely D ) pleasingly29. To prevent customers from becoming exasperated, most companies try to fill orders asquickly as possible.A ) distractedB ) irritatedC ) impatientD ) exhausted30. It is the prerogative of the President to choose his cabinet members.A ) responsibilityB ) obligationC ) customs D) privilege31. The United States has the most affluent society in the world.A ) steadyB ) impoverishedC ) wealthyD ) prudent32. A Cadillac is a very durable luxury car.A ) enduringB ) liberalC ) temporalD ) extinct33. Nearly half of the town's inhabitants are descendants of indigenous civilizations.A) native B) backward C) hard-working D) poor34. After listening to the testimony, the members of the jury delivered their verdict.A) sentence B) decision C ) cross-examination D) foreman35. The counterfeit bills were a good facsimile of the real ones.A ) factorialB ) reproduction C) identification D) similarity36. The supervisor dictated a memo to her secretary.A ) letterB ) note C) report D ) research paper37. Boy clubs do not deprive poor children of the opportunity to participate in' sports^A) deny B) retract C ) improvise D) dilute38. Kojak interrogated the suspect for two hours.A ) baitedB ) watchedC ) questionedD ) infiltrated39. June, played the role of an unsophisticated country girl who had come to the city for her firstjob.A ) overweightB ) poorly clothed C) illiterate D) native40. For once, everything in her life seemed to be in equilibrium.A ) turmoilB ) disarrayC ) balanceD ) danger41. We were gratified to learn of her interest in our case.A) thankful and pleased B) sorry and displeasedC) good-natured D) overwhelmed42. The president considered the vote on his tax, bill to be crucial.A ) extremely importantB ) unimportant C) hard-fought D) far-off43. His qualifications for the graduate assistant ship are indisputable.A) fraudulent B) invalid C) outstanding D) unquestionable44.The Civil Defense evacuated all inhabitants from the area where the storm was predicted tostrike.A ) aidedB ) warned C) notified D) removed45. Did you specify any particular time for us to call ?A ) compromise B)modify C) designate D ) stimulate46. The natural elements obliterated the writing, from the written form of the walls of themonument.A) outlined B) erased C ) covered D) produced47. The popular singer was a ludicrous in his dress as he was in his speech.A ) comicalB ) loudC ) somber D) common48. The theater critics thought the movie as horrendous, and the audience agreed with them.A ) delightfulB ) dreadfulC ) spectacularD )obscene49. By taking larger seams, it is a simple matter to alter the pattern to fit you.A) enlarge B ) change C) shorten D ) design50. The earth is usually represented by a sphere.A) cube B ) globe C ) block D) cylinder51. Stock-market analysts monitor a great variety of financial indicators.A ) come up withB ) look intoC ) keep track ofD ) take charge of52. For decades, Norman Rockwell epitomized the way mainstream America saw itself.A) envisioned B)recorded C)chronicled D)embodied53. Is the Canadian dollar equivalent to the U.S. dollar?A ) about the same in value as B)very different in value fromC) worth a bit more than D) worth a bit less than54. Would you please elaborate on your first point ?A ) indicateB ) begin the discussion onC ) write down D) give more information about55. Mrs. Davis said she did not know what might alleviate her pain.A ) cause'B ) stopC ) easeD ) prevent56. Priscilla's contract cannot be terminated for five years.A ) endedB ) changedC ) renewedD ) publicized57. If you send me a memorandum, I'11 surely remember to attend the meeting.A ) calling cardB ) short noteC ) cost analysisD ) itinerary58. The fundamental reason for his illness has never been discovered.A ) basicB ) severeC ) obvious,D ) physical59. I find his ideas extremely abhorrent.A) superficial B) dangerous C) distasteful D) illogical60. The teacher gave the students extra wrok because- she was aggravated by all the noise andtalking in the classroom.A ) degeneratedB ) exasperatedC ) consummated D) terminated61. Joe was very popular with those who could vote> "and he was assured that: he could winthe election.A ) confident B) adequate C ) cordial B)sensitive62. As an artist, Jim is certainly an. amateur, . for he -.tds had no training.A )a seniorB ) ^a alien ,C-)ia0layman D)a. steward63. Exchanges of language and culture Were a direct result of commerce. •A ) embargoB ) trade C> stagnation •£>•> schoojing64. The new building was to be octagonal ia : shape.A ) five sided B; > six sidedi C) seven sided D)eightr sided: •• >65. Please accompany tfafr kids to the zoo.A ) dismiss B) escort C ) compete -oP1) nungte :66. He ;was so lavish with his jnoney tha*:/jie is nowpoor.A )»numb B)flippant C ) profuse D ) candid67. The high mountain climate is cold and into __ A)rainy B)'storniy 'd)uninvitini?D)intenie :68. Recent border confrontations--'between the twoTgroups' lend credence to the rumors of an impendingWar. ':•-•'..- '.'.-•.•:" -TlA ) enterprisesB ) conferencesC ) consequences D) disputes69. President Truman's distinctive turns of phrase have led to his being frequently quoted by politicians and political writers alike. A ) felicitous B ) characteristic C ) remarkableD ) distinguished70. Mark volunteered to show the new students around the campus. A ) hesitated B ) offeredC ) refusedD ) untended71. A valiant soldier was maimed last night.A ) proudB ) braveC ) haughtyD ) slender72. An associate of mine dropped in yesterday.A ) profiteerB ) colleagueC > ruffianD ) suitor73. The F.B.I.claims legal jurisdiction throughout theentire United States.A) tariff B ) affiliationC ) authorizationD ) organization74. The US dollar is the counterpart of the British pround.A ) simulationB ) coutraryC ) equalD ) copy75. Children often become surrogate mothers to abandoned animals. A) substitute B) temporalC)affectionate D)step-76. The Middle East is and has been for thousands of years, a politically turbulent area. .A ) bombasticB ) agitatedC ) sporadic |D ) terrific77. Jouce is loved by all her friends beoittse she is very congenial.….-•, , ..*,,.,•-• .-.•.•;: tl A) pleasant B ) wealthy CJfcwuegeousD^ftudiness78. A business man should have a mind of wild .range. A) scope B) tract C ) di strict D>)a sp«£t,79. I don't know if the story is true, but,;J!'ll 'try to comfirm it. :, A ) conform B ) identify C ) fortify D ) verifjwi"80. Scientists say that brown genes are dominant and blue ones are recessive. A ) controllingB ) docileC ) dormant D)doleful81. After the alien spacecraft had hovered over .the park for a short while, it vanished. ; A ) landed B ) disappeared C ) arracked D) rose82. The principal congratulated the student on his?outstanding display of leadership. • r ? A ) alluded B ) scolded C ) praised D ) contacted83. Christopher Columbus was the ffcst person to navigate under the patronage of Queen Isabella o£ jSpain.A) explore *B ) sail C ) work D ) circumvent","."?j"*-- " •' -•' .'--" " •*•;."; --. " •' ' •""« H*^" %; ; ^ - T84. It is advisable to have an alternative plan.' A) a substitute B)a better' C ) an easierD) an equal85. Jane looked at an assortment of necklaces before chops-1 ing one with green beads. A > inexpensive B ) a few pieces of C ) multicolored D ) a variety of86. In his statements to the press, the administrator was consistently equivocal. A ) ambiguousB ) reasonableC ) friendlyD ) frank87. The charges brought against the government official finally hurt nothing but his vanity. A ) family B ) prospects C ) pride D ) image88. The two companies are goittg to inerge by the f irst of the year,•]•,.; .-. -.... • - • . •• .-• ;.' A ) become one B ) divide, into two C^iJissolve • D ) change owners89. Mr. Jackson is considered a man of moderate views. A ) modern B ) sternC ) .reasonableD ) predictable90. We thought Jane's performance was particularly good. A)especiaUy BG> unbelievable C) necessarily D) unexpectedly. <>• :»•••91. General Patton had^nothing bHi^oontempt for the eowar-- sdly; lighting maa. ••'•> ''••'.••-• - '• -•'-••» A)'encouragement B ) disdain ••.-..C ) discontent ,D ) high92. Robert was regarded as a profound thinker by his> . \j -; >. •=? —————————•'••'.A ) a deep ,B ) a lazy C,).aecarpful p J>.),ar^.93. The composer of this piece of music was, f anonymous.. A ) died young . : ; B ) was unknqw^.,,.. C) used a pen name ^ D^wrqite only folk songs94. The prisoners were liberated as soon as the new govern--_1V ment took over.. A) told B) freed95. The winfiplds are a qui,te rcgnyentfonal family,;A) cheerful B) ordinary t;,t ,C ) humiprous 6 . My brother notifiedA) visited ;,, . ,:- ^r;B) noijced; ,> ;oofC)assisted , r^, D^X informed *.-.-97. John D, Rockefeller left, a legacy of thousand^ of. publiclibraries ^scattered through every ^tate in th& Un-ion. . ',.-,(: .........A ) a bequestB ) an account …,,,C ) a property Dk ) an amount , ^ &8. Visiting in a, humid climate will- «aus? -a-, traveler's clothing to beccane saturated with sw,eat,ro A ) drenched B ) watered \ .-,, C ) stainedD ) heated > i The hospital is looking for people willing, to donate their organs,B ) offer100. Most teenagers think actions are mature.A ) grown-up s B) intelligent C ) serious D ) childlike词汇学100题词汇自测题答案1. D2. B3. C4. D5. A6. B7. C8. C9. C 10. A11. D 12A 13. A 14.B 15.B 16. A 17. B 18. C 19.C 20. C21.B 22. B 23. D 24.B 25.C 26.A 27.D 28. C 29. B 30. D31.C, 32. A 33A 34. B 35. B 36. B 37. A 38. C 39.D 40.C41.A 42. A 43. D 44. D 45. C 46. B 47. A 48.B 49. B 50. B51. C 52. D 53. A 54.D 55. C 56.A 57. B 58. A 59. C 60. B61.A 62.C 63. B 64. D 65. B 66. C 67. C 68. D 69. B 70. B71. B 72. B 73. C 74. C 75. A 76. B 77. A 78. A 79. D 80. A 81. B 82. C 83. B 84. A 85. D 86. A 87. C 88. A 89. C 90A91. B 92. A 93. B 94. B 95. B 96. D 97. A 98.A 99C 100. A。
大学词汇学试题及答案
大学词汇学试题及答案一、选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. The word "chronic" is most closely related to which of the following?A. AcuteB. TemporaryC. SeasonalD. Chronic2. In the context of a business meeting, "feasibility" refers to the:A. Ability to flyB. Ability to be doneC. Ability to swimD. Ability to run3. "Paradox" is a term that is associated with:A. A simple truthB. A complex lieC. A situation that contradicts itselfD. A straightforward problem4. The term "epidemic" is used to describe a:A. Single occurrenceB. Small groupC. Widespread occurrenceD. Limited occurrence5. "Symbiotic" relationships are characterized by:A. Mutual harmB. Mutual benefitC. One-sided benefitD. No interaction6. "Euphemism" is a term used to describe:A. A harsh truthB. A polite lieC. A direct statementD. A hidden meaning7. "Intrinsic" value refers to the value that is:A. Externally imposedB. Internally inherentC. Externally visibleD. Internally hidden8. The word "analogous" is used to describe something that is:A. Completely differentB. Partially similarC. Exactly the sameD. Totally unrelated9. "Dichotomy" refers to a division into:A. Three partsB. Two partsC. Four partsD. Five parts10. "Ephemeral" is a term that is used to describe somethingthat is:A. Long-lastingB. Short-livedC. EternalD. Timeless二、填空题（每题1分，共10分）11. The opposite of "visible" is _______.12. A synonym for "unpredictable" is _______.13. The term "hierarchy" refers to a _______ of authority or rank.14. "Ambiguous" means having more than one _______.15. "Chronology" is the arrangement of events in the order of their _______.16. "Catastrophe" is a term used to describe a sudden event causing great _______.17. "Democracy" is a system of government by the whole_______.18. "Eloquence" is the quality of speaking or writing that is fluent and _______.19. "Frugality" is the quality of being economical with money or resources, often to an _______ extent.20. "Hypothesis" is a proposed explanation for a phenomenon, made on the basis of limited evidence as a starting point for further _______.三、简答题（每题5分，共20分）21. Define the term "metaphor" and provide an example.22. Explain the difference between "allegory" and "simile".23. What does the term "prose" refer to in literature?24. Describe the concept of "synecdoche" and give an example.四、论述题（每题10分，共20分）25. Discuss the importance of understanding etymology in the study of vocabulary.26. Analyze the role of idioms in communication and how they can sometimes lead to misunderstandings.答案：一、选择题1. D2. B3. C4. C5. B6. B7. B8. B9. B10. B二、填空题11. invisible12. unpredictable13. system14. meaning15. occurrence16. damage17. population18. persuasive19. excessive20. investigation三、简答题21. A metaphor is a figure of speech that describes an object or action in a way that isn't literally true, but helps explain an idea or make a comparison. For example, "Time is a thief" is a metaphor that personifies time as a thief, suggesting that it steals our moments.22. An allegory is a narrative that conveys a deeper meaning beneath the surface, often using characters and events to represent abstract concepts or moral lessons. A simile, on the other hand, is a direct comparison between two unlike things using "like" or "as," such as "She is as brave as a lion."23. Prose is a form of language that has a natural flow of speech and normal grammatical structure rather than a rhythmic structure, unlike poetry. It is the ordinary form of language used in speech or writing.24. Synecdoche is a figure of speech in which a part is made to represent the whole or vice versa。
词汇学练习参考答案
第二单元基本构词方法一．派生法练习一例如：intervene，intervention，intervenor，intervenient练习二希腊语前缀拉丁语前缀half hemi- semi- demi- one mono- uni-two di- bi-three tri- tri-four tetra- quadri-five penta- quint-six hexa- sex- ,seven hepta- sept-eight oct- oct-nine ennea- nona-ten deca- deci-1. immature2. irregular3.inconsiderate4. ignoble5. noncontentious6. illegitimate7. nonmetal 8. impassive 9. nonferrous 10. inaccuracy 11. unendurable 12. invariance13. non-inductive 14. illegible 15. unreasonable16. irrational \ 17. unscrupulous 18. non-staple19. imbalance 20. illegalize练习四1. before2. near3. off4. in5. inside6. outside7. out 8. before 9. beneath 10. in 11. under 12. between 13. within 14. into 15. exceeding 16. beyond 17. after 18. before19. forward 20. back 21. below22. above 23. beyond 24. across 25. extreme练习五1. dispensable, convertible, tolerable, reversible2. assistant, resistant, consistent, persistent3. calculator, liar,subscriber, survivor4. confectionery, adversary, tributary, monastery5. capricious, presumptuous, momentous, spontaneous二．复合法A. 1. greenbelt 2. greengrocer3. greenhorn4. greenroomB. 1. handbag 2. handbook3. handbrake4. handrailC. 1. aftercare 2. aftereffect3. aftertaste4. afterthoughtD. 1. sleeping bag 2. sleeping car3. sleeping pill4. sleeping partnerE. 1. running mate 2. running hand3. running head4. running boardF. 1. washbasin 2. washboard3. washerwoman4. washclothG. 1. sunburn 2. sunburst3. sunset4. sunshineH. 1. breakdown 2. break-in3. breakthrough4. breakupI. 1. outbreak 2. outcry3. outlay4. outlet练习二A．1．火力2．火把3．燃烧弹4．消防队5．太平梯B．1．(空袭)紧急警报2．隆重的欢迎3．红色肉类4．官样文章5．鲑鱼C．1．流动资本2．工作负载3．工作状态4．计算5．工人D．1．(录音等的)播放2．花花公子3．(学校的)放假日4．操场5．剧作家练习三1. farfetched2. newborn3. heart-beat4. built-in5. clothes-washing6. dust-laden7. oncoming 8. fair-minded, good-hearted 9. self-evident 10. grown-up练习四1．修改，校订2．冷淡3，对……进行军法审判4．将……上手铐5. 骤然把……塞进6．用沙袋阻塞7．船只失事8’使短路9。
词汇学1-3
1、选择题 10题 20% 前三章概念2、填空题 5题 15% 前三章3、搭配题 10% 前四章4、名词解释题 5题 10% 如 loan words prefix5、简答题课后问题How why what 15%6、分析题提供一个单词对此词做出分析15%评论题用例子评论观点是否正确 15%题型例如一、选择题：1. The following are all nominal suffixes EXCEPT( ) . A. –fulEnglish and ( ) belong to the Germantic branch of the Indo-European language family. B. Danishadded to the end of words to indicate Grammatik relationships are known as ( )morphemes. C. inflectionalattached to other morphemes to create new words are known as ( ) affixes. B .derivational二、.Complete the following statements with proper words or expressions 填空题1. affixation Is the formation of new words by adding prefixes to bases .2. Almost all affixes are bound morphemes because few as independent words.三、配对四、Define the following terms. 名词解释题五、Answer the following questions，简答题Why should students of English lexicology study the Indo-European Language FamilyThe Indo-European Language Family is one of the most important language families in the world.It is made up of most of the languages of Europe, the Near East and India. English belongs to this family and the other members of the Indo-European Language Family have differentdegrees of influence on English vocabulary. A knowledge of the Indo-European Language Family will help us understand English words better and use them more appropriately.六、1. Analyze the morphological structures of the following words and point out the types of the morphemes.1Destructive de+struct+tive 2antibiotic anti+bio+tic3composition com+po+si+tion 4unbearable un+bear+able5international inter+nation+nal 6ex-prisoner ex+prison+er2. The word “deer” originally meant “animal”, but now it refers to a specific animal. What kind of word-meaning change has the word experiencedWhat accounts for the change of word-meaning1) The word “deer” has experienced narrowing or specialization of meaning.2) The narrowing of word-meaning is caused by the influx of borrowings, one of the major linguistic factors leading to the change of word-meaning. The word “deer” originally meant “animal”, and later the word “animal” from Latin and the word “beast” from French found their way into English. As the three terms were synonymous, “animal” retai ned the original meaning, the meaning of “deer” was narrowed and “beast” changed in colour.Chapter 1: a word may be defined as a fundamental unit of speech and minimum free form; with a unity of sound and meaning (both lexical and grammatical meaning), capable of performing a given syntactic function.A word is(1)a minimal free form of a language;(2)a sound unity;(3)a unity of meaning;(4)a form that can function alone in a sentence.A word is a minimal free form that has a given sound and meaning and syntactic functionA word is a smallest unit of a language.is the language of a highly colloquial type, considered as below the level of standard educated speech, and consisting either of new words or of current words used in some social sense.are the terms peculiar to a class, sect, trade or profession.means the vocabulary peculiar to the underworld.5.Classification of English Words According to Different CriteriaBy origin：native words ，borrowed wordsBy usage：common words，literary words，colloquial words，slang words，technical words By notion：function words，content wordsnative words features:1. All-national character Every English person uses the words of the native element.2. Great stability The native element lives for centuries providing the English with a basisfor theformation of new words.3. Monosyllabic The native element in Modem English is mostly monosyllabic.4. Word-forming ability The great stability and semantic peculiarities of Anglo-Saxon wordsaccount for the great word building power.5. Wide collocability Many native words enter quite a number of set expressions, idioms, phrasesand proverbial sayings.6. Plurality of meanings Most of the native words have undergone striking transformations insemantic structure, and are nowadays highly polysemantic7. High frequency value The native element (words of Anglo-Saxon origin) forms the bulk ofthe most frequent elements used in any style of speech8. Stylistically neutral Most native words are stylistically neutral.Classification of the borrowed words:Aliens: are words borrowed from a foreign language without any change of the foreign sound and spelling. From French: elite, coupéDenizens: are foreign words which have been conformed to native English in accent, spelling and even in adoption of an English affix, or words made up of two parts both fromforeign soil.get (a Scandinavian borrowing)theater (a French loan) sociology (socio- from French and -logy from Greek)Translation-Loans: are words and expressions formed from the material already existing in English, but according to patterns taken from another language, by way ofliteral morpheme-for-morpheme translation. black humour (from Frenchhumor noir)found object (from French object trouve)Semantic Loan words: are words of a new meaning due to the influence of a related word inanother language, or words which acquired new meanings under theinfluence of language or languages other than the source tongue.(gift meant “the price of a wife” in Old English and after the semanticborrowing of the meaning of gift or present of the Scandinavian termgipt, it meant and still means “gift” in the modern sense of it. )Classification of English Words by usageCommon words are connected with the ordinary things or activities necessary to everyday life. Literary words are chiefly used in writing, especially in books written in a more elevated style, in official documents, or in formal speeches. They are comparatively seldom used in ordinary conversation. In English, most of the literary words are of French, Latin or Greek origin. For example,cast (throw), edifice(building), endeavor(try), purchase(buy), etc. More examples: recognition, distinction, inclination, dubious, amelioration…colloquial words or expressions are used mainly in spoken English, as in conversation among friends and colleagues. They can also be use in informal writings, but are inappropriate in formal speeches or writings. They are marked colloq. or informal in dictionaries. Such as: kid, guy, fellow, gay…区别literary word and colloquial word and common worda.Feeling fatigued, Tom retired early. (literary)b.Tom felt so dog-tired he hit the sack early. (colloquial)c.John was dismissed for petty thieving. (common)d.John was fired for petty thieving. (colloquial)a.Penalties for overdue books will be strictly enforced. (literary)b.You have got to pay fines for overdue books. (colloquial)c.They approved of the plan. (literary)d.They agreed to the plan.(common)Slang word is defined as language, words or phrases of a colorful, humorous, or taboo nature, invented for specific occasions, or uses, or derived from the unconventional use of the standard vocabulary. The chief reason for the formation and use of slang expressions is to secure freshness and novelty.Technical words refer to those words used in particular disciplines and academic areas. = terminologies or technical terms. symphony, sonata, orchestra, concerto，audiovisual, microteaching，algebra, geometry, calculus，clone, embryo, cell , organism, DNA(deoxyribonucleicacid), geneFunction words(or grammatical words or autosemantic words) are words that have little lexicalmeaning or have ambiguous meaning, but instead serve to express grammatical relationships withother words within a sentence, or specify the attitude or mood of the speaker. Function wordsmight be prepositions, pronouns, auxiliary verbs, conjunctions, grammatical articles or particles,all of which belong to the group of closed-class words.Content words: Words that are not function words are called content words (or open class wordsor lexical words). Include nouns, verbs, adjectives, and most adverbs, although someadverbs are function words ., then and why).a. sub-standard words often used on informal occasions ( slang )b. specialized vocabulary common in certain professions ( jargon )c. words used by sup-cultural groups especiallyby underground society (argot )d. words that have rich notions ( content words )e. words of Anglo-Saxon origin( native words )f. words borrowed by way of translation ( translation loans )g. old words with new meanings( neologisms )h. foreign words which have become assimilated ( denizens )i. words whose meanings are borrowed (semantic loans)j. words essential to native speakers daily communication(dialectal words 本地语)配对 tart: loose woman bloke: fellow gat: pistol swell: great chicken: coward blue: fight smoky: police full: drunk dame: woman beaver: girlChapter 2Modern English Words : Borrowing& NeologismBorrowing: From French: attach, caféFrom Italian: concert, duet, piano, soprano, solo, tenor, model, bust, studio, dome,balcony, in the fields of music, art, architectureFrom Spanish: armada, cargo, vanilla, cocoa, cigarFrom Portuguese: caste, pagodaFrom German: bismuth, cobalt, nickel, zincFrom Dutch: dock, freight, keelFrom Russian: vodka, troika, ruble, tsarFrom Australian: boomerang, kangaroo, dingoFrom Arabic: sugar, sultan,alcoholFrom Indian: coolie, cashmere, khakiFrom Chinese: tea, typhoon, yamenFrom Japanese: kimono, tycoonFrom African: gorilla, zebraNeologisms are newly coined words or words that are given new meaning to fit new situation because of social, economic, political, cultural, scientific and technological changes in human society. Neologisms: moonfall登月, space suit太空服, black hole黑洞, environmentalist环保人士, software软件 visual pollution视觉污染, data base 数据库 green revolution 绿色革命 clone 克隆nanotechnology纳米技术 income gap收入差距 Euro欧元 Watergate水门事件netspeak 网络词汇 distance education 远程教育 TV dinner 电视便餐/速冻食品feminism 女权主义 teach-in 讨论会/时事宣讲会, hippies嬉皮士 soul music 黑人音乐the lost generation迷惘的一代 talk shows 脱口秀 Karaoke (Japanese),black humor (French), paper tiger, Red Guards, Kungfu, tofu, wok, typhoon (Chinese). chapter 3One morpheme: nationTwo morphemes: nation-alThree morphemes: nation-al-izeFour morphemes: de-nation-al-izedecentralization de-, center, -al, -ize, -ationspecialize species, -al, -izeindividualistic in-, divide, -al, -ist, -ichalf-hearted half, heart, -edundeveloped -un, develop, -edsupernatural -super, nature, -alinequality -in, equal, -ityIn word-formation, morphemes are labeled root, stem, base and affix.root 词根：所有曲折词缀和派生词缀被去掉后所剩余的部分 stem 词干：所有的曲折词缀被去掉后所剩余的部分morphemebase 词基：任何一种词缀都可加在上面的形式inflectional affix 曲折词缀affix 词缀derivational affix 派生词缀词根与词基的区别：词基可派生词缀，词根不可以进一步分析词基可加派生词缀与曲折词缀，词根只可加曲折词缀是词根（不可再分解）desire(v.) 是词干（可以加曲折词缀，如过去时ed）是词基是词基（可加词缀，又能再分解，able是派生后缀）desirable(adj.) 不是词根（它可再分解）不是词干（不可加曲折词缀）不是词根（可再分解—）undesirable (n.) 是词干，可加曲折词缀，如-s,是词基Morpheme is the smallest meaningful linguistic unit of language, not divisible or analyzable into smaller forms.Root is the basic unchangeable part of a word, and it conveys the main lexical meaning of the word.. work, workable, worker, worked,workingFree roots（free morphemes）自由词素，可以独立成词are forms that can stand alone as words such as boy, moon, walk, black.Bound root(bond morpheme) ：粘着词素，即必须依附于另一个词素For example. -tain ，contain，detain ，sustain ，retain Affixes词缀are forms that are attached to words or word elements to modify meaning or function. Inflectional affixes曲折词素，放在单词后一般表示语法行为attached to the end of words to indicate grammatical relationships are inflectional, thus known asinflectional morphemes. cats, walked, walking , John’s bookDerivational affixes派生词素，形成新词并可能改变词性are added to other morphemes to createnew words. They can be further divided into prefixes and suffixes.Prefix 前缀are affixes that come before the word， such as pre+war， sub+seaSuffix后缀 : Affix comes after the word.Allomorph : 词素变体An allomorph is any of the variant forms of a morpheme as conditioned by position or adjoining sounds. . the morpheme of plurality {-s}: /s/ after thesounds /t, p, k//z/ after /d, b, g, l/; /iz/ after /s, z, …/A prefix like im- occurs before p, b, or m (imperfect, imbalance, immobile). Itsallomorphs areir-before r (irregular, irresponsible);il- before l(illogical,illegal);in- before all other consonants and vowels (inflexible, incomplete).Native affixes are those that existed in the OE period or were formed from OE words, such as un-, mis-, be-, out-, over-, -ness, -dom, -hood, -ly, –er. undemocratic ,Foreign affixes came as a part of loan words from Latin, Greek, French, or other languages. Examples: ab-(L), bi-(L), dis-(L), re-(L), kilo-(Gk), poly-(Gk), mal-(F), -ic(Gk), -ism(Gk),-ist(Gk), -able (F), -ize(F).1) a minimum meaningful unit of a language (morpheme)2) one of the variants that realize a morpheme (allomorph)3) a morpheme that occurs with at least one other morpheme(bound morpheme)4) a morpheme that can stand alone (free morpheme )5) a morpheme attached to a stem or a root (affix )6) an affix that indicates grammatical relationships ( informational affix)7) an affix that forms new words with a base,stem or a root (derivational affix )8) what remains of a word after the removal of all affixes (root )9) a form to which affixes of any kind can be added ( b ase)10)that part of a word that can take inflectional affixes（stem）chapter4negative prefixes ：apolitical，destabilize，declassify，disenfranchise ，disinvest，illegal，irresponsible，imperceptible，non-economic ，non-party，unacceptable，non-negative prefixes ： hyperlink，hypertext，overestimate ，overcompensate，semi-annual，supermarket，superintendant，ultra-secret，ultra-conservative，embark ，enclose，external，ex-wife ，inter-American ，inter-government，postgraduate，preliminary，autonomy，miscalculation1. Noun-forming suffixes-age: passage, marriage, mileage -dom: freedom, kingdom-ance/-ence: assistance, predominance, correspondence-ee: employee, referee, absentee -eer/er: engineer, profiteer, manager-ess: manageress, heiress -ist: economist-hood: adulthood, singlehood -ing: building, meaning, packing-ion/-sion/-tion/-ition/-ation: production, conclusion, realization-ism: consumerism, perfectionism -ment: agreement, investment-ness: effectiveness, kindness -ship: ownership, friendship-ty/-ity: productivity, prosperity -ure/-ture: procedure, expenditure2. Adjective-forming suffixes-able/-ible: manageable, permissible -al/-tal/-ial/-tial: economical, statistical -ant/-ent: redundant, dependent -ary: monetary, inflationary-ate/-ete: accurate, complete -ful: dutiful, powerful-ish: snobbish, reddish, bookish -ive: effective, extensive-less: effortless, powerless -like: businesslike, lifelike-ly: costly, orderly -ous/-ious: ambiguous, nutritious-some: troublesome, worrisome -y: sexy, worthy, daddy3. Verb-forming suffixes-en: brighten, moisten -ify/-fy: intensify, qualify, liquefy, glorify -ize/-ise: rationalize, advertise, stabilize*‘ize’ is often used in American English . maximize) as an alternative spelling of ‘ise’ in British English . maximise).4. Adverb forming suffixes-ly: frequently, perfectly -ward/-wards: windward, backward, homewards -wise: vote-wise, percentage-wise, housingwise*Words formed with ‘ward’ can usually be used as either adverbs or adjectives. Words formed with ‘wards’ are mainly used as adverbs . westward, westwards).Modern suffixes:1. mega- (very large) : negacity megadestruction megagame megastructure megarichmegaversity(automatic/computerized): cyberculture cyberbrain cyberart cyber-securitycyber-space cyber-privacy(super/too much): hypermedia hyperlinks hyperfriction hyperslow hyberverbal4. info- (information): infotech infocenter infotainment infomercial5. nano- (one billionth): nanotech nanofabrication nanocomputer(technology): technomania technophobia techno-centric7. tele- (long-distance transfer/television): telead telrbanking telebus telecentertele-education8. e- (electronic) : e-mail e-text e-zine e-cash9. -bot (robot): knowbot mobot microbot10. -size (measurements) : downsize upsize rightsize life-size11. -ware (articles of the same kind): glassware soft/hardware middleware silverwarewarehouse(of the center/taking…as the center): user-centric male-centric net-centric warIBM compatible-centricchapter1 简答题1. What is a word2. What is the relationship between words and vocabulary3. What are the characteristics of the basic vocabulary4. What is the fundamental difference between content words and functional words5. How do you account for the role of native words in English in relation to loan wordschapter2 简答题1. Why should students of English lexicology study the Indo-EuropeanLanguage FamilyThe Indo-European Language Family is one of the most important language families in the world. It is made up of most of the languages of Europe, the Near East and India. English belongs to this family and the other members of the Indo-European Language Family havedifferent degrees of influence on English vocabulary. A knowledge of the Indo-European Language Family will help us understand English words better and use them more appropriately.2. What are the fundamental differences between the vocabularies of the threeperiods of developmentDo you think we can divide the historical development in other waysDefend your argument.The vocabularies of the three periods differ greatly from one another.Old English has (1) a small vocabulary (50,000—60,000), (2) a small number of borrowings from Latin and Scandinavian only and (3) the words full of endings.Middle English has (1) a comparatively large vocabulary, (2) a tremendous number of foreign words from French and Latin and (3) word endings leveled.Modern English has (1) a huge and heterogeneous vocabulary, (2) tremendous borrowings and(3) words with lost endings.Yes, we can divide the development in other ways, for example, Old English period can be called Anglo-Saxon period. And Middle English might start from 1066 the time of Norman Conquest. But in doing so, the logical continuation of the three phases of the original division is lost.3. What characteristics of English make the English language heterogeneousIt is receptivity and adaptability of the English language that make it possible for English to borrow heavily from other major languages of the world, so that the English vocabulary eventually has become heterogeneous.chapter3简答题is the difference between morph形素, morpheme词素, allomorphs词素变体Morph: A morpheme must be realized by discrete units. These actual spoken minimal carriers of meaning are morphs.Morpheme :A morpheme is the smallest meaningful unit of a language. （The smallest functional unit in the composition of words.）An allomorph is any of the variant forms of a morpheme as conditioned by position or adjoining sounds. . the morpheme of plurality {-s}:are the ways of creating new morphemesis the difference between grammatical and lexical morphemes, and inflectional and derivational morphemes Give examples to illustrate their relationships.Inflectional morphemes are the suffixes added to the end of words to denote grammatical concepts such as -s(-es), -ed, -ing and -est(to show superlative degree of adjectives and adverbs) whereas derivational morphemes are prefixes and suffixes added to words to form new words such as pre-, dis-, un-, -tion, -er, -ness and so on.Grammatical morphemes are those used to show grammatical concepts, including reflectional suffixes as mentioned above and functional words (prepositions, pronouns, articles, auxiliary verbs), for example, but, the, do and was; lexical morphemes are derivational affixes including both prefixes and suffixes.。
词汇学练习题目
1. The criteria of words include .B. all national character C. a cluster of letters D. sound unity答案：D 解析：（P7）总体来讲，单词的标准包含以下几点：词是语言中最小的自由形式；是一个声音统一体；是意义单位；是一个能在句子中起到独立作用的形式。
2. If we classify English words by use frequency,the two types of words are .A. the basic word stock and nonbasic vocabularyB. content words and functional wordsC. native words and borrowed wordsD. functional words and notional words答案：A解析：（P11）英语词汇可以按照不同的标准分成不同的类型。
按照使用频率，英语词汇可以分成两大类：基本词汇和非基本词汇，即basic word stock和nonbasic word stock。
3. Modern English vocabulary develops through three channels: .A. creation,conversion and borrowingB. creation,borrowing and back-formationC. creation,semantic change and borrowingD. semantic change,borrowing and back-formation答案：C解析：（P31）现代英语词汇的发展方式主要有以下三种：创造新词（creation）,语义变化（semantic change）和借词（borrowing）。
(完整版)(整理)英语词汇学练习及答案
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3. Old English was a highly inflected language .
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4. In early Middle English period , English , Latin , and Celtic existed side by side . (
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5. The introduction of printing into England marked the beginning of modern English period . (
五． Choose the standard word from the column on the right to match each of the slang words on the left.
a. tart
girl
b. bloke
police
c. gat
great
d. swell
drunk
Swedish Spanish Prussian French Slovenian Danish Portuguese
二． Fill in the blanks according to the text :
The language used between 450 and ___________ is called _________ , which has a vocabulary of ___________ . Middle English refers to the language spoken from 1150 to ____________ , followed by the ______________ period , subdivided as early modern English ( ______________ ) and late _____________ ( 1700- up to now )
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II: 根据所给的例子man，按语义特征【±COMMON 普通/ 专用】、【±CONCRETE 是/非实体】、【±ANIMATE 有/无生命】、【±HUMAN 是非人类】、【±MALE 是/非男性】、【±COUNT 可/不可数】，参照例词对下列其他的名词作出语义分析：【COMMON】、【CONCRETE】、【ANIMATE】、【HUMAN】、【MALE】、【COUNT】+ + + + + +man ________________________________________________________________________book ________________________________________________________________________Mary ________________________________________________________________________wisdom ________________________________________________________________________table ________________________________________________________________________thought _______________________________________________________________________rabbit ________________________________________________________________________tree ________________________________________________________________________water ________________________________________________________________________London ________________________________________________________________________hen _______________________________________________________________________flower _______________________________________________________________________television _______________________________________________________________________idea _______________________________________________________________________cow _______________________________________________________________________bachelor _______________________________________________________________________V. 将方框内有关食物或人身体部位的词语填入比喻词组中，使其意思完整：pancake eggs cucumber arm beans potatoesflour butter skeleton ears blackberry sausageporridge beef toast onions1. as lean as ________________2. as long as ________________3. as white as ________________4. as flat as _________________5. as warm as ________________6. as yellow as ______________7. as plain as ________________ 8. as round as ________________9. as naked as ________________ 10. as sweet as _______________11. as strong as _______________ 12. as tastellessas _______________13. as red as _______________ 14. as plum as _______________15. as thick as _______________ 16. as coolas _______________I. 选出下列斜体词的同义词：1. Actually, I did a degree in English language with Spanish.A. CurrentlyB. In factC. At the momentD. Even2. The struggle between good and evil is never-ending.A. balanceB. fightC. harmonyD. competition3. They’re charging 60 Euros to get in. It’s a complete con.A. bargainB. rip-offC. wind-downD. discount4. The problem is mainly worse in the mornings.A. occasionallyB. sometimesC. on the wholeD. primarily5. When I am on holiday, priority No. 1 is to relax.A. wind downB. be windyC. wind upD. wind round6. Be careful. The teacher’s really vexed about something this morning.A. annoyedB. happyC. thrilledD. distressed7. That guy seems a bit shrewd to me.A. goodB. astuteC. messed upD. angry8. What we need are original minds.A. firstB. carefulC. creativeD. proud9. The director of the company receives an ample salary.A. heaveB. enoughC. plentifulD. spacious10. I am at a critical moment in my life.A. clearB. roughC. keenD. crucialI. 找出下列各组词中对应的反义词：1. 1）boom A. weakness2) guilt B. recession3) punishment C. reward4) strength D. innocence2. 1) attack A. end2) confirm B. fail3）succeed C. deny4) begin D. defend3. 1) major A. urban2) rural B. sober3) drunk C. minor4). permanent D. temporary4. 1). commonly A. implicitly2) privately B. well3) explicitly C. publicly4) badly D. rarely5. 1) fact A. lose2) win B. pessimistic3) optimistic C. fiction4) inclusively D. exclusivelyII. 用否定前缀写出下列单词的反义词：1. active _________2. tangible ________________3. moved ____________4. movable _________5. comfort ________________6. comfortable____________7. symmetrical _________8. intelligence ________________9. relevant ____________ 10.audible _________ 11. literate ________________ 12. trust ____________13. stop _________ 14. adequate ________________ 15. obey___________16. pack___________ 17. communication_______________ 18. mannered ___________ 19. nutrition _______________ 20. colored ____________V. 选出下列各词的反义词：1. indeterminate A. qualified B. definite C. stubborn D. effective2. diverge A. bypass B. enclose C. relay D. come together3. anomalous A. viscous B. essential C. normal D. elemental4. stabilize A. penetrate B. minimize C. fluctuate D. isolate5. anchor A. unbend B. disjoin C. disrupt D. dislodge6. refute A. associate B. recognize C. prove D. understand7. boisterous A. angry B. clever C. frightened D. quiet8. emit A. absorb B. demand C. mistake D. prevent9. ally A. mediator B. adversary C. inventor D. conspirator10. offhand A. accurate B. universal C. appropriate D.premediated11. profuse A. sequential B. scant C. surly D. supreme12. extant A. extensive B. extricable C. extinct D. extra13. persevere A. put into B. send out C. take away D. give up14. pungency A. boredom B. redundancy C. blandness D. insignificance15. sedulous A. ponderous B. careless C. useless D. treacherous16. flustered A. mute B. calm C. heavy D. courageous17. expire A. evolve B. stabilizeC. come to lifeD. grow to fruition18. morose A. agitated B. overawed C. decisive D. cheerful19. gist A. artificial manner B. trivial pointC. eccentric methodD. singular event20. endorse A. provoke criticism B. receive paymentC. submit unwillinglyD. oppose publiclyI．写出下列共下义词的上义词：1. prawn, crab, octopus, oyster _________________2. flute, drum, violin, saxphone _________________3. hammer, saw, spanner, screw _________________4. sparrow, nightingale, owl, robin _______________5. date, mango, peach, plum ____________________6. sight, hearing, touch, taste ____________________7. acridity, aroma, stink, pong ___________________8. boat, ship, destroyer, cruiser __________________9. spectacles, mirror, telescope, microscope _____________________10. jacket, fleece, overcoat, sweater___________________________11. roll, bagel, croissant, baguette ____________________________12. snack, repast, refreshment, feast ___________________________13. cheesecake, pie, custard, fruit salad ________________________14. eggplant, mushroom, broccoli, cauliflower ___________________15. borrow, buy, steal, find ___________________________________16. walk, run, stagger, crawl __________________________________17. murder, slay, slaughter, assassination _________________________18. slippers, boots, sandals, sneakers ____________________________19. paper, pens, envelopes, eraser ____________________________20. robbery, theft, raid, embezzlement _________________________I. 下列各词都经历了词义范围的变化，A 和B 是它们演变前后的词义。