托福磨课讲义
托福强化口语讲义
Adding evening classesThe school computer lab has planned to add a few evening classes to its opening schedule. Usually, the computer lab only opens from 9am to 5pm on weekdays. Nevertheless, because of the rapid increase of student numbers in recent years and the limited seats of the computer lab, it has become progressively difficult to meet each student’s requirements. Therefore, in order to be able to serve the students better, the administrators have decided to add evening classes in the computer lab from 6pm to 9pm, Monday to Friday.Hot Breakfasts EliminatedBeginning next month, Dining Services will no longer serve hot breakfast foods at university dining halls. Instead, students will be offered a wide assortment of cold breakfast items in the morning. These cold breakfast foods, such as breads, fruit, and yogurt, are healthier than many of the hot breakfast items that we will stop serving, so health-conscious students should welcome this change. Students will benefit in another way as well, because limiting the breakfast selection to cold food items will save money and allow us to keep our meal plans affordable.Required work experienceThe business studies department at state university will now require all students enrolled in its program to complete one semester of work experience in a local corporation or small business. It is felt that students will benefit from this work experience by developing leadership and organizational skills that would not normally be learned in a classroom or campus setting. Furthermore, the relationship that students establish with the company that they work for may help them to secure permanent employment with that company once they have completed the program and graduated.。
托福强化听力讲义 一
Practice one: TPO 21 conversation 2!
Script:! Narrator Listen to a conversation between a student and her public relations
!professor.!
Student Hi, professor Gordin. I really learned a lot from your lecture, the one about analyzing all those different segments of the population. Oh, the official term is audience, right? I never imagine that one company could have over
!thirty audiences to communicate with. !
Professor Yeah, a lot of students are taken aback by this, and some public relations consultants don’t figure it out until they’ve worked in the field a while. ! Student Everyone thinks, public relations, eh, PR is easy, but there’s a lot to
I can offer a different perspective than someone who only teaches ...!
生生词栏：
!
Practice Two: TPO 14 conversation 2!
托福口语讲座第三讲SallyYang课件
• / t r / treat train trip trick trace • / t∫/ cheat chain chip chick chase
• / dr / drug dram dream drum drab • / / jug jam jim jump jab
good habits in their daily lives.
• It can help the children realize how much efforts their parents had made to support the families.
• It gives children a sense of satisfaction.
• 休闲方式多样：I could take a nap or read magazines, talking or even playing cards with other passengers on the train.
• 时间过的飞快：There’re lots of things I could do to distract my attention on the train. It’s surprising that time flies really fast…
don’t have to concentrate on driving. In this way, it saves my strength and energy.
• 避免交通堵塞：avoid to hit the traffic jam.
• 更安全：It’s much safer to travel by train, ’cause I don’t have to worry about the road condition and the car accident.
托福口语讲义大全
托福口语讲义大全（经典版）编制人：__________________审核人：__________________审批人：__________________编制单位：__________________编制时间：____年____月____日序言下载提示：该文档是本店铺精心编制而成的，希望大家下载后，能够帮助大家解决实际问题。
文档下载后可定制修改，请根据实际需要进行调整和使用，谢谢!并且，本店铺为大家提供各种类型的经典范文，如演讲稿、总结报告、合同协议、方案大全、工作计划、学习计划、条据书信、致辞讲话、教学资料、作文大全、其他范文等等，想了解不同范文格式和写法，敬请关注!Download tips: This document is carefully compiled by this editor. I hope that after you download it, it can help you solve practical problems. The document can be customized and modified after downloading, please adjust and use it according to actual needs, thank you!In addition, this shop provides you with various types of classic sample essays, such as speech drafts, summary reports, contract agreements, project plans, work plans, study plans, letter letters, speeches, teaching materials, essays, other sample essays, etc. Want to know the format and writing of different sample essays, so stay tuned!托福口语讲义大全为了帮助广大考生备考托福口语，现在本店铺给大家准备了一些托福口语讲义，希望对你们有帮助。
TOEFL Online 赵东坡托福听力方法课讲义 3
典型问法：
• What does the speaker/ professor imply about ……? • What can be inferred about ……? • What is probably true about ……? • What can be inferred from the talk? • What will the woman probably do next? • What will the students probably do next? • What will the professor probably discuss next? • What does the professor imply when he says this: (replay)
8. Making Inferences 推论题
• 推断题包括“推论”和“预测”两种形式。推论是原文没 有直接表达的，需要考生进行推测的信息；预测则是需要 考生根据说话人所说的话推测出其未来的行为。 • 推断题特点： • 有些题目需要考生再听一次部分对话或讲座的内容 • 文中一般没有直接提及的信息
典型问法：
Why does the professor explain ……? (replay) Why does the student say ……? (replay) Why does the student mention ……? (replay) Why does the professor talk about ……? (replay) Why does the instructor ask the class about ……? (replay) • What does the professor mean/imply when he says this: (replay) • What can be inferred from the professor’s response to the student? (replay) • What is the purpose of the woman’s response? (replay) • • • • •
泽洲英语小托福冲刺班讲义
泽洲英语小托福冲刺班讲义Attending the Zhezhou English Little TOEFL Crash Course is an exciting opportunity for students to enhance their English language skills and prepare for the TOEFL exam. The course materials are carefully designed to help students improve their listening, speaking, reading, and writing abilities in English, which are essential for success inthe TOEFL exam. The instructors are experienced and dedicated to helping students achieve their goals,providing personalized attention and support throughout the course.One of the key benefits of the Zhezhou English Little TOEFL Crash Course is the focus on all four language skills. This comprehensive approach ensures that students are well-prepared for the TOEFL exam, which assesses proficiency in all areas of English. By practicing listening, speaking, reading, and writing in a structured and supportive environment, students can build confidence and fluency in English, which is crucial for success in the exam.The course materials are specifically tailored to the needs of students preparing for the TOEFL exam. The instructors use a variety of resources, including textbooks, online exercises, and practice tests, to ensure that students are familiar with the format and content of the exam. This targeted approach allows students to focus onthe specific skills and strategies needed to excel in the TOEFL, giving them a competitive edge on exam day.In addition to the academic content, the ZhezhouEnglish Little TOEFL Crash Course also provides valuabletest-taking strategies and tips. These include time management techniques, how to approach different question types, and how to maximize scores in each section of the exam. By learning these strategies, students can feel more prepared and confident when taking the TOEFL, ultimately leading to better performance on the exam.Furthermore, the small class size of the ZhezhouEnglish Little TOEFL Crash Course allows for individualized attention and support. The instructors are able to providepersonalized feedback and guidance to each student, addressing their specific strengths and weaknesses in English. This tailored approach can help students make significant improvements in a short amount of time, leading to better results on the TOEFL exam.Finally, the supportive and motivating learning environment at the Zhezhou English Little TOEFL Crash Course is conducive to student success. The instructors are passionate about helping students achieve their goals, and their enthusiasm is contagious. Students are encouraged to push themselves and take risks in their language learning, leading to greater confidence and proficiency in English. This positive atmosphere can make a significant difference in students' performance on the TOEFL exam.In conclusion, the Zhezhou English Little TOEFL Crash Course offers a comprehensive and targeted approach to preparing for the TOEFL exam. With a focus on all four language skills, personalized attention, test-taking strategies, and a supportive learning environment, students can feel confident and well-prepared to excel on the exam.This course is an excellent choice for students looking to improve their English language abilities and achieve their desired scores on the TOEFL.。
托福口语强化班讲义
托福口语强化班讲义托福强化口语补充资料Introduction of TOEFL What is TOEFL：TOEFL (Test of English as a Foreign Language) 托福考试TOEFL iBT Internet Based Test Procedures：Test Section Reading Listening Break Speaking Writing Task forms: Range of Questions 3/5 passages, 12-14 questions each 3/2 conversations, 5 questions each 6/4 lectures, 6 questions each 2 independent speaking tasks 4 integrated speaking tasks 1 integrated writing task 1 independent writing task Time Limit (Total:4 hours) 60/100 minutes 90/60 minutes 10 minutes 20 minutes 20 minutes 30 minutes Scaled Section Score (Total:120) 0-30 0-30 0-30 (raw points per question 0-4) 0-30 (raw points per question 0-5) ? ? ? ? ? ? 620’(5’30’’)15+45; 30+60; 20+60 S R-L-S L-S Topics cover: ? Personal Experience ? Campus Life ? Academic materials No. Name Preparation Speaking Content Task 1 Task 2 Task 3 Task 4 Task 5 Task6 Independent Task 15?? 45?? Open Q A OR B Integrated Task 30?? 60?? Campus issue & student?s attitude Term & example Integrated Task 20?? 60?? Problem & solutions Summary 1 口语单项评分Good 4 Fair 3 Limited 2 Weak 1 考试评分自我评估: 4分要求: ? ? ? ? ? ? Answer to question: the student answers the question thoroughly Comprehensibility: the student can be understood completely Organization: the student’s response is well organized and developed Fluency: the student’s speech is generally fluent Pronunciation: the student has generally good pronunciation Grammar: thestudent uses advanced grammatical structures with a high degree of accuracy ? V ocabulary: the student uses advanced vocabulary with a high degree of accuracy 2 Tips for preparation 学习与练习：课堂学习为主&课下练习为主教材与资料：hand out OG+TPO+机经工具：笔；词典；录音设备！！！*TPO做题法1. 按规定时间完成TPO, 一定要录音2. 反复按做题方法回答至流畅一定要录音3. 查看原文找出采分点4. 熟读采分点5. 参考原文再回答一遍6. 积累好词好句, 跟读背诵听力原文*强化听力练习: 1. 背口语词汇:意思/发音 2.听力原文跟读-按意群跟读(不看原文)-按意群复述-慢速shadow 3 Task 1Open Question Independent Task 问题分类：1.描述类2.选择类四大话题:PPOE People Place Object Event Sample Study Choose a place that you often go shoppingand explain why. Please include specific details in your explanation. Note Topic(T): Point1(P1): Point2(P2): Tips:Template Topic: Well, personally, I?d like to say sth. about…/I wanna sa y sth. about…which/who..(background info) And there are a couple of reasons to name. (optional) Point1:For starters/To begin with/Firstly/The first reasons is,... Point2:More importantly/Not to mention/Also/Plus/Another reason is, ... Conclusion: So, that?s why…(optional) *万能filler Actually there is a lot to say about…, but the points above are what I mainly want to cover. 4 Sample Answer __________________ sth. about YF shopping mall, which has been running for over two decades. And there are a couple of reasons to name. _______________, it has a perfectlocation, _____ it?s within a stone?s throw of my home, ____________, it?s just 5min walk, ___ I could go there anytimeI want. ____________, tons of decent things could be discovered there, _____ restaurants ____ karaokes, ____ clothing ____ electronic devices, _________the restaurants there, the foods they provide, ____ roasted chicken, tastes heavenly__________! ___________ I?m a big fan of going shopping in YF shopping mall. Practice: 1. Describe the person you admire the most? Please give specific details and examples in your explanation. 2. Describe a place that you like best in your city. Please state why you like it with specific examples and details. 3. Describe a celebration or moment, which has made a deep impression on you. Please explain the impressionand include specific examples and details in you explanation. 4.Describe a piece of clothing you have. Please state why you like it and include specific examples and details in your explanation. 词汇和选题5 描述类常用万用理：人物： 1. Common belief/hobby: We speak the same language that both of us… Sharing the same hobby, we both are fans of… 2. Character: What I learnt from him/her is the significance of… It?s him/her who showed me the significance of… 3. Skill Were it not for him/her, I wouldn\’t get the hang of… 4. Role model Sb is definitely the role model of being one of the most decent/successful…that I?ve ever seen. 地点：1. Location: It has a perfect location, since it?s within a stone?s throw of my home, which means I could visit there anytimeI want 2. Price:Reasonable/affordable prices are offered there, around XX% off, compared with other places? ones. Specifically…merely cost me… wh ile it?s priced at… OR:Things there are pretty cheap and cheerful since…only cost… but with top/first class quality.6 3. Service: I would say it?s a kind of place where people could enjoy all-around/impeccable/flawless service, judging from an awesome experience I had before that… 4. Diversity: Tons of/loads of choices/stuffcould be found/discovered in that place, from… to… especially … 5. Memory It?s a kind of place whichis filled with fond memories sinceit?s exactly where I came acros s/ I used to … 事件： 1. Importance of … Actually, my inner self was totally touched by it, making me come to realize the importance of …cuz …. It therefore inspired me to …OR:This experience really placed profound influence on me. You know, before it, I didn?t realize the importance of …, thanks to it… 2. Memory I have to say it?s an experience filled with fond memories cuz it?s exactly the first time when I … 物品：1. Price Being so cheap and cheerful, … only cost… but with top/first class qu ality OR: Compared with other places, it?s a really good deal. You know, as the price is reasonable that… only cost… 2. Multifunctional What impressed me most is its multifunctional feature, making it possible to serve any purposes, from… to… Especially… 3. Portable Being pretty portable as it?s light and only in a size like my palm, it enables me to take it to any places anytime while only/simply putting that in my clutch/pocket 4. Memory I have to say it?s sth filled with fond memories for itactually symbolizes/represents/stands for... 7 Task 2Preference (which do you prefer)/ Choice (do you agree or disagree) Independent Task Sample Study Some people prefer to eat at food stands or restaurants. Other people prefer to prepare and eat food at home. Which do you prefer? Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer. (/) Note: T: P1: P2: Tips:Template T: You know, as for me/ from my view, I agree with/ I?m in favor of/ I?m behind/ I support/ I?m in support of/ I back up the (former/latter) idea. P1: First, (2)Also, … C:So, that?s why… (optional) Sample Answer ____________________ dining out. ______it?s pretty convenient that I don?t have to spend so much time on buying materials, cooking, washing dishes, cleaning up the table, or things like that._________ I?ve been quite busy with my work these days ______ cooking for myself will then occupy loads of time. _______more food choices woulddefinitely be discovered when dinning out._________ different stuff are offered in various restaurants, _______ sushi, BBQ, pizzas,____rice noodles. ____________ the foods from those restaurants are way more finger-licking than home-made ones ______ they are made by professional chefs, knowing cooking from A to Z. ___, I guess that?s just why I chose to eat in restaurants.8 Practice: 1. Some students prefer to live alone. Others prefer to live with their roommates. Which do you prefer and why? Use specific reasons and examples to support your response.2. Some people prefer to work in the offices. Others would like to take the work at home. Which do you prefer and explainwhy. 3. Do you agree or disagree: Students should wear uniform in school? Please include specific details and examples in your opinion. 4. Some students prefer to choose universities located in big cities. Others would like to study in universities located in small towns. Please state your opinion and explain why. 选择类常用万能理 1. 便宜It?s cheap and economical. It can help me save a lot of money to buy books or to travel with my friend Egz. Specifically, it only costs______Yuan to_________. However, if I want to________, it will cost me at least_____Yuan. I hate squandering, so I think it is awesome. 2．省时It is convenient and I would be able to save tons of time. Specifically, it takes me only_____minutes to_______. However, if I?d like to______, I will spend at least_____hours. I think spending the time saved on reading books on history orchemistry/doing exercises is considered to be the better way for me to relax/obtain more knowledge. 3．交朋友I can make more friends in different background/from different cities/countries such as Japan, Canada and America/with the same interest. We could have pleasant conversation not only about the academic information such as history, biology and economics, but also about the international events. And I can also learn some useful interpersonal skills or personality such as honesty and persistence 4．好环境The amazing part is its picturesque view and enjoyable surroundings. Having a walk beside the lake and rockery, I can smell the fragrance of grass and the flowers and hear the cries of the birds and feel the bracing breeze on my face.5．减压I can totally relax in such a......environment. I?m fascinated tothe harmonious atmosphere which could make me refreshed and energetic. I can release my emotion, pressure and uneasiness through it, and have a temporary escape from the academic workload such as assignment and examination. 6．健康It?s good for my health. I can improve my speed, strength and flexibility. And I can also effectively lose 9。
清北托福慕课讲义
清北托福慕课讲义
一、慕课简介
1.1 什么是慕课
•定义
•发展历程
•优势
1.2 清北托福慕课介绍
•清华、北大合作
•课程设置
•托福备考指导
1.3 收费与获取方式
•付费学习
•免费试学
二、托福备考技巧
2.1 托福考试概述
•考试目的
•考试内容
•考试形式
2.2 听力技巧
•托福听力题型
•注意事项
•训练方法
2.3 阅读技巧•托福阅读题型•解题方法•阅读素材选择
2.4 口语技巧•托福口语题型•回答技巧•自我介绍范例
2.5 写作技巧•托福写作题型•论证方法•作文结构
三、慕课学习计划
3.1 制定学习计划•目标设定•分阶段学习•时间安排
3.2 学习任务安排•听力练习•阅读训练•口语模拟•写作练习
3.3 学习资源推荐•优质教材•学习网站•托福考试资源
四、慕课学习建议
4.1 注意事项
•电脑配置
•网络连接
•学习环境
4.2 学习技巧
•制定学习计划
•高效学习法
•资源整合利用
4.3 学术诚信
•遵守考试规则
•独立完成作业
•引用规范
4.4 提升学习效果
•多听多说多读多写
•反复练习
•分析错题
五、总结
•慕课学习优势
•托福备考经验
•祝福语
以上是关于清北托福慕课讲义的全面介绍，包括慕课的定义、收费与获取方式，以及托福备考技巧，慕课学习计划，学习资源推荐和学习建议等方面的内容。
希望能够帮助广大托福考生更好地备考并取得优异成绩。
祝愿大家在托福考试中取得好成绩！。
托福强化听力课程讲义-学生版
16
What does the professor imply about water systems man aged by the safe yield”method?
Inference question
17
Why does the professor talk about Plato'description of society?
Gist question
18
Listen again and then answer the question:
Why does the professor imply about plato'ethical theory?
Attitude question
19
Listen again and then answer the question:Why does the professor ask this?
Detail Question
14
Listen again and then answer the question:Why does the professor say this?
Purpose question
15
What is a key feature of a susta in able water system?
8
According to the conversation, why are transposes sometimes calledjumping genes ?
Detail Question
9
According to the conversation, what are two ways in which bacteria cells get resista nee gen es?
托福冲刺3 lecture 1讲稿
冲刺lecture 1TPO1-L11.What is the purpose of the lecture?To explain the difference between two artistic styles To describe a new art gallery to the classTo introduce an artist's work to the classTo show how artists' styles can evolve over time2.What does the professor say about Frantzen's painting of a farm scene?It resembles a photograph.It may be Frantzen's best-known painting.It was painted in the Impressionist style.It was painted while Frantzen lived abroad.3.Why did Frantzen go to the Sales Barn?To study human form and movementTo earn money by painting portraitsTo paint farm animals in an outdoor settingTo meet people who could model for her paining4.What does the professor imply about the painting of the young woman surrounded by pumpkins?It was painted at an art fair.It combines Impressionism with Realism.It convinced Frantzen that she was a good illustrator.It was originally meant to be used in an advertisement.5.Why does the professor discuss Frantzen's difficulties as a young painter?He wants to point out mistakes that young artists commonly make.He thinks her example can inspire the students in their own lives.Her difficulties remind him of the difficulties he himself experienced as a young girl.Her difficulties are the subject of some of the paintings in the gallery that the students will visit.6.What does the professor imply when he says this:The students can understand Frantzen's art without knowing about her life.The students should pay very close attention to what he is going to say.Some of his students are already familiar with Frantzen's life story.Some of his students may not appreciate Frantzen's work.Listen to part of a lecture in a contemporary art class.ProfessorOk, I’m going to begin this lecture by giving you your next assignment. Remember I said that at some point during this semester I wanted you to attend an exhibit at the Fairy Street Gallery and then write about it?Well, the exhibit that I want you to attend is coming up. It’s already started in fact, but it’ll be at thegallery for the next month, which should give you plenty of time to complete this assignment. The name of the artist exhibiting there is Rose Frantzen.Frantzen’s work may be unfamiliar to you since she’s a relatively young artist. But she’s got a very unusual style, compared to some of the artists we’ve looked at this term. 转折后面的话都是应该好好听懂的，因为转折之前的都是美欧新意的，都是过去别人看法，需要被驳斥的，都是教授不同意的。
泽洲英语小托福冲刺班讲义
泽洲英语小托福冲刺班讲义引言概述：泽洲英语小托福冲刺班讲义是为了帮助学生在短时间内全面提升英语水平，顺利通过小托福考试而设计的。
本讲义内容详实，结构合理，旨在帮助学生系统地学习、巩固和应用英语知识。
正文内容：1. 语法知识1.1 词类和句子结构- 名词、动词、形容词、副词等词类的基本概念和用法- 简单句、复合句、并列句等句子结构的构成和运用1.2 时态和语态- 过去、现在和将来时态的用法和区别- 主动语态和被动语态的转换和运用1.3 语法错误纠正- 常见语法错误的辨析和纠正方法- 熟练使用语法规则来改正句子中的错误2. 阅读理解2.1 主旨理解- 通过抓住文章的中心思想来理解整篇文章的主旨- 掌握归纳总结的技巧，提炼文章的主要信息2.2 细节理解- 通过仔细阅读，找出文章中的关键细节- 掌握快速定位信息的方法，提高阅读速度和准确度2.3 推理判断- 利用已有信息和常识进行推理判断- 掌握推理判断题的解题技巧，提高答题准确率3. 听力技巧3.1 听力材料理解- 提高对不同口音和语速的听力理解能力- 掌握听力材料中重要信息的提取方法3.2 笔记做记- 运用有效的记笔记方法，记录听力材料的关键信息- 增强对听力材料的理解和记忆3.3 听力策略- 掌握听力材料中常见问题的解决策略- 提高对听力材料的整体把握和答题技巧4. 写作技巧4.1 写作结构- 了解不同类型的写作结构，如记叙文、说明文、议论文等- 掌握合理组织文章结构的方法，提高写作的逻辑性和连贯性4.2 词汇和句型运用- 丰富词汇量，提高词汇运用的准确性和多样性- 掌握常用句型和表达方式，增强写作的表达能力4.3 写作技巧- 学习写作中的常见问题和错误，提高写作的准确性和流畅性- 掌握写作技巧，如段落过渡、句子连接等，增强写作的连贯性和可读性5. 口语技巧5.1 发音和语调- 改善发音和语调，提高口语的自然度和流利度- 学习正确的发音规则和语调模式，减少口语错误5.2 词汇和表达- 增加口语词汇量，提高口语表达的准确性和丰富性- 学习常用口语表达方式和习惯用语，提高口语的地道性5.3 回答问题- 学习有效的回答问题的技巧，提高回答问题的准确性和连贯性- 掌握回答问题的思路和结构，增强口语的逻辑性和条理性总结：泽洲英语小托福冲刺班讲义通过系统的教学内容和合理的结构设计，帮助学生全面提升英语水平，顺利通过小托福考试。
新托福强化听力讲义（1）说课材料
新托福强化听力讲义（1）说课材料Conversation 高频单词1作业extra credit assignment/project/homework / assignment sheetpresentation / thesis proposal 论文开题报告/essay /report / research / literature review读后感/ journal 学术杂志/ record / chart / info / senior researcher /fair share/ deadline/ drain排水/ junk mail / positive feedback2 课程required course/curriculum课程表/lecture/class/ compulsory course, requirement必修的?optional/elective/selective/unrequired course选修课introduction, introductory, intro初级mid, medium level, intermediate中级advanced高级preliminary预备级seminar / graduation form/ academic record/ field experience实习/heavy schedule/ course load课业负担重/ hammer courses on your own 锤炼3 图书馆library/study room→learning (resource) center / video library / inter-library loan service 馆际借阅服务reference section/ reference stack参考书库/ electronic sources电子资源/ entertainment sectioncheck out/ return/ fill out the form/a form to fill out / extended borrowing privileges 延长的借阅优先4 论文Paper/ topic/ material /dissertation / a draft version/ first draft 第一稿bibliography 参考书目录/ citation 引用/ plagiarism 作弊display the abstract摘要/ summary总结/ narrow…down / access /electronic sources 电子资源published/ unpublished data / bulletin board 布告栏5 考试Exam/ mid-term exam /final exam / quiz /pop quiz /grade / score /pass /passing grade /failing grade /GPA / make up exam /cheat语言标记Discourse MarkersIntroducingIn my talk todayMy topic today isToday, we are going to discuss ?T oday, I’ll go overThe purpose of my talk today isToday we are going to look atGiving background InformationIt is clearIt goes without sayingIt is understoodAs we knowAs we have all readDefiningX can be defined asX is known asX is a type ofX is actuallyJust what is meant byListingFirstFirst and foremostNextAnotherTo begin withSecondThe next point I’d like to coverfinallyShowing a connectionPertaining to in connection withClassifyingThere are X types/ categories/ varieties of ?X can be divided intoGiving examplesFor exampleFor instanceX is a case in pointTake X for instanceTake X, for exampleThe following are some common examples ?Let me give you some specific examples ?EmphasizingThe crucial pointI’d like to emphasizeWe should bear in mind that ?FundamentallyI want to stressFurthermoreWhat’s moreThis goes to show thatIn effectLeast we forgetIt is worth mentioning thatIt follows, thenClarifyingIn other wordsThat is to sayBasicallyIf we put it another wayi.e.What I mean to say isLet me put it anther way ?Parenthetically speaking Shifting subtopics ?NowAll rightOKLet’s now look at itNow, I’d like to turn toThe next point I’d like to focus on ?Moving onAll that asideIn this respectGiving further informationIn additionFurthermoreAnother pointMoreoverNot only…but alsoAlsoOn top of thatAs wellGiving contrast information AlthoughHoweverOn the other handWhereasDespiteneverthelessGiving an opinionAs far as I’m concernedIn my opinionIf it were up to meAccording toIf you ask meIn my mindSetting parametersIn terms of in the scope of ?Digressing By the wayBefore I forgetIncidentallyConcludingWe’ve seen thatIn conclusion, I’d like toIn shortTo sum upLet me end by sayingAny question?All in allCommonly Used ExpressionA point of contentionAfter all is said and doneAll the moreAnd so onA cross purposeAt the onsetBack and forthFoot the billGet a grasp ofGet the ball rollingSubject of disagreementAfter all debate is finishedEven moreEtceteraIn cont radiction to each other’s intent ?At the beginning Going and returningPay allTo understandstartGive rise toHardly the caseIn a fixIn a nutshellInstead ofIt’s all or nothingIt’s all very well and good ?Miss the pointNo matterOn the conditionOwing toPart and parcel ofCauseNot the situation at allIn a bad or difficult situation ?Here is the basic pointRather thanCompletely or not at allThere is nothing wrong with ?Not understandIt really isn’t importantIf/ depending onDue toA necessary and important element ?Poke holes inPractically speakingSlowly but surelyStem fromSupposing thatThat isn’t to sayThe upshot ofTurning pointWhen it comes down to itWith the aim ofWithout regard toWrap upUnder no circumstancesFind something wrong with ?Talking common senseDone carefully over time ?Come fromWhat ifIt doesn’t meanThe consequence or resultAn important point of change in direction or meaning ?The truth isHaving the goal ofIgnoringFinishnot for any reasonIdiomsCastles in the sky/ air 空中楼阁As clear as a bell 非常清楚Come to terms 清楚误会Shed crocodile tears 假慈悲Cut corners 走捷径Do’s and don’t’s 行为规范Face the music 面对现实First things first 先说重要的Forgive and forget 握手言和Get the ball rolling 使蓬勃发展A knockout 引人注目A rainy day 不如意的日子All thumbs 笨手笨脚的一窍不通的Ants in one’s pants (skirts) 坐立不安At one’s finger’s tips 了如指掌Backseat driver 指手画脚的人Blow one’s top 怒发冲冠Break the ice 打破僵局、沉默Bring down the house 掌声雷动的Buy your story 相信你的话Call it a day 今天到此为止Daylight robbery 价钱贵的离谱Dirty dog 卑鄙小人Flat tire 没精打采From A to Z 从头到尾God knows 天晓得Gone with the wind 随风而逝Good for nothing 毫无用处的Happy go luck 乐天派Have a big mouth 话多的人Have it both ways 权衡两方面Have time off 休假Hit of the show 表演中最精彩的一幕Hit the high spots 达到高水准Hold one’s tongue 保持沉默In hot water 遇到麻烦In the hole 遇到经济困难In the long run 从长远看In the soap 遇到麻烦Keep punching 继续努力Kick off 开始干某事Kill two birds with one stone 一石二鸟Knock it off 别再讲下去了Let nature take its course 顺其自然Like a cat on hot bricks 热锅上的蚂蚁Like a turtle in its back 对事情束手无策Lousy cliché陈词滥调Master key 万能钥匙关键No sweat 没问题不用冒汗No money, no honey 没钱就没爱情Odds and ends 零碎的工作Off color 身体不爽On pins and needles 如坐针毡的Once in a blue moon 机会难得的绝无仅有Pain in the neck 极讨厌的人或物Pipe course 容易的课程或工作Pull a long face 拉长脸不悦Put sb.in the ring 和某人赛一场Rain or shine 不论晴雨Row in one boat 从事相同事业相同命运Royal road 容易取得成功的捷径Run of the town 轰动一时的人Salt of the earth/ world 社会中坚Second sight 超人的预见力Side money 外快Slowly but surely 稳扎稳打Speak the same language 志同道合Spill the beans 露马脚Stand on one’s ow n feet 独立自主Stay out of other people’s business 置身事外Step on one’s toes 触怒某人Sugar report 情书Sunday dress 最好的衣服Take it or leave it 别讨价还价Take things as they come 既来之则安之Talk big 讲大话Talk of the town 非常流行的东西Talk through one’s nose 骄傲自大Tall story 难以置信的故事Be the spirit 真有道理Throw cold water on 泼冷水Turn the tables 翻盘扭转局势Under the sun 世界任何地方Walking dictionary 知识渊博的人Welcome to the party 现在你总算懂了What’s the catch? 你这是什么意思When in Rome do as the Romans do入乡随俗White lie 善意的谎言With open arms 热烈欢迎Without fail 一定Got me there 难住我了Stick with sb 紧跟着某人Take a rain check 改天吧Lost count 弄不清楚Be in another world 精神恍惚Save your breath 别白费口舌了Make sense 有意义理解Burn a hole in one’s pocket 很快花光File one’s shoes 很好的顶替Is ice cold 理所当然的Look for a needle in a hay stack 大海捞针Meet each other half way 相互妥协让步On the dot 准时正点Once and for all 最后一次干脆Play by ear 随机应变Ring a bell 令人想起某事听起来耳熟Share a common outlook 有共同观点Six of one and half-a-dozen of the other半斤八两Stick around 在附近逗留或等待Stick with 继续做坚持Straighten out 扯平结清Turn one’s back 别人困难时不愿帮助Under the weather 身体不适生病Bite off more than one can chew 不自量力Break new ground 创新Do the trick 做成功达到理想效果Draw the line 拒绝拒不容忍Feel down in the dumps 心情不好情绪低落Keep between the two of us 保密Know a thing or two about 略知一二Leave no stone unturned 不遗余力On cloud nine 非常幸福On the tip of one’s tongue 就在嘴边Reach the bottom of the barrel 弹尽粮绝Up in the air 尚未决定悬而未决Wear and tear 磨损消耗With flying colors 大获全胜Get off on the wrong foot 开始就不顺利Get on someone’s nerves 使人不安Give someone a break 不要去管饶了某人Head and shoulders above 某方面强于某人In the red 赤字In the dark 一无所知A breath of fresh airBe all ears 洗耳恭听Be all eyes 目不转睛Sell like hot cakes 畅销Get butterflies in one’s stomach 紧张不安Two thumbs up 双手赞成Pull one’s leg 开某人玩笑Break one’s back 辛勤工作Twenty-four seven 永远一直Bucket down 瓢泼大雨Backroom boys 幕后英雄Beyond compare 绝佳的最棒的Break even 不赔不赚By the book 照章办事Cast a cloud over 泼冷水蒙上阴影Put oneself together 加把劲Suit me fine 太适合我了Time will tell 时间会证明一切Same old story 又是那一套Boys will be boys 本性难移Be Greek to sb. 某人完全不懂Couch potato 整天呆在沙发上看电视Wait on hand and foot 招待的无微不至Waste one’s breath 白费口舌Weigh one’s word 斟字酌句Wheels within wheels 错综复杂之理由Win a name 出名Wishful thinking 如意算盘Ups and downs 有喜有悲Under one’s breath 轻声细语Under one’s thumb 在某人支配下Turn the clock back 时光倒转Turn a deaf ear 不加理睬That’s that 就此而已Shoulder to shoulder 齐心协力See the world 见多识广Second to none 最佳的Second thoughts 从新考虑Read between the lines 明白言外之意Over and down with到此结束Grain ground 有进展Break a leg 大获全胜火山(volcano)1、分类周期eruption cycle：active volcano / extinct(ive) volcano/ dormant volcano强度eruption intensity: shield volcano 盾状火山周期短，强度小/compositevolcano 复式火山周期长，强度大2、灾害earthquake 地震landslide 滑坡mudslide 泥石流avalanche 雪崩(e.g. Cascade Mountain 终年低温，常年积雪) kill creatures ash steam/ash cloud/volcanic ash→pollution山形成方式plates crushing/collisiontectonic platevolcanic activity/Ring of Fire年龄以及分布地理位置记字头Alps, Rockies, Andes, Cascades, St. Helens, Appalachians湖咸淡对比表格Freshwater lake=Sweetwater lake 淡水湖Saltwater lake 咸水湖E.g. Great Lakes (Superior, Huron, Michigan, Erie, Ontario) Great Salt Lake对比：1、地理位置2、density 密度3、contraction 盐度4、为什么咸水湖咸，什么导致的，以前也这么咸么？Saltwater lake→evolution5、evaporation/no outlet6、ecology (wetland)7、climate8、environment海(ocean) oceanic current 洋流(ocean) volcanic island erode侵蚀lagoon泻湖coral reef/atoll 珊瑚礁/环礁矿（石、洞）Chemical elements 元素oxygen, nitrogen, hydrogen, silicon, iron, calcium, sodium, carbon, potassiummagnesium, oxide, titanium, methane, monoxide, dioxide, trioxide, peroxide,sulfur, amino, choleric, aluminumrock igneous rock 火山岩，岩浆岩成因：lava/magma→cool downsedimentary rock 沉积岩，水成岩成因：eroded by water/oceanmetamorphic rock 变质岩成因：heat + tensioncave solution cave 酸溶洞formed by mild/weak acidlava cave 熔岩洞during/after volcanic eruptionsea cave 海蚀洞eroded by sea water冰川(glacier)1、structure 构造特点ice sheet/layer 冰层ice cap 冰盖ice bottom 冰底2、formation 形成formation condition 形成条件①precipitate/rainfall/rain 下雨②turn in to ice accumulated③conserved ice/ice fern 积雪=cumulative snow3、movement 运动①velocity 运动速度comparison XX和XX比较②location 在哪运动（ocean）③regular 规律4、process 形成过程表格题5、climate/environment/ecology地球构造crust 地壳mantle 地幔core地核↓↓tectonic plate 板块magma 岩浆（高温）1、the definition2、example 记住主题，位置，目的3、expert4、the relation——continental drift 大陆漂移5、process 考表格板块collision→ridge seduction zone——magna circle地质学（geology）是托福听力考试中的常见话题，是关于地球的物质组成、内部构造、外部特征、各层圈之间的相互作用和演变历史的知识体系，是研究地球本身的学科。
托福听力讲义非常详细
托福听力讲义非常详细本页仅作为文档封面，使用时可以删除This document is for reference only-rar21year.March新托福强化听力讲义新托福考试听力部分介绍1.新托福和旧托福的对比考试形式预读题目笔记题型PBT旧托福Paper Yes No1/4 multiple choiceIBT新托福Internet No Yes New types2.题量，时间，分数文章类型题量题目数时间CONVERSATION2-3 5 / conversation2-3 min / conversation LECTURE4-6 6 / lecture4-6 min / lectureTOTAL6-9（加试）3460-90 min SCALE SCORE: 30 见OG185评分标准3.题目的考查形式考场环境：独立电脑，耳机，铅笔，草稿本电脑环境：图片，视频，声音，板书新题型：双选题，重听题，表格配对题答题时间：总时间限制，每题分配时间不限答题流程：永不悔改4.文章材料的考查形式文章结构：删除了旧托福的PART A 部分，更加注重于对于能力的考查文章长度：比旧托福长文章语速：无所谓快慢，比旧托福更加贴近真实的学习生活文章类型：对话，独白，讨论CONVERSATION文章思路LECTURE文章思路5.新托福考试题型概述题号问题题型1Why does the student go to see the professor Gist question2According to the professor, what information should the studentinclude in her statement of purposeDetail Question3What does the professor consider unusual about the student’sbackgroundDetail Question4Why does the professor tell a story about his friend who went otmedical schoolDetail Question5What does the professor imply about the people who admit studentsto graduate schoolInference question6What are the students mainly discussing Gist question7Listen again and then answer the question:Why does the woman say thisPurpose questionGist question: 6Detail question: 16 Purpose question: 6 Attitude question: 1 Organization question: 2 Inference question: 36.界面展示IBT新托福资料说明——听力部分图片资料名称特点推荐使用方法The Official Study Guide 题目数量不多难度较简单题型全面，和考试相同，质量高精听精做题目分类研究文章精读研究不建议模考ETS TOEFL PRACTICE ONLINE 一共14套，其中新东方引进4套，还有2套是OG题目，其他全部为全真试题难度和考试相当，已经有较全的版本出现题型全面，场景全面精听精做建议最后冲刺模考DELTA 新托福考试备考策略与模拟试题题目数量大，后面有四套模拟试题前面的训练题目文章较短，不是托福模拟听力材料要比考试稍难些，速度也稍快些题型和考试相差很多，不建议细钻精听精做建议考前强化训练对语速跟读模仿DELTA 新托福考试模拟试题题目数量大，有六套模拟试题具体特点同蓝皮delta建议考前模拟对语速跟读模仿BARRON 新托福考试全真模考题与精解题目数量大，后面有7套模拟试题难度偏小，在基础班使用建议平时精听训练KAPLAN模考试题四套有四套模拟试题听力部分略难，语速略快配合模拟光盘，有临考感觉考前模考THOMSON模考试题两套只有两套题，但质量很好，文章难度适中，题目难度和Barron相近，感觉上略难一些，和考试非常相似。
托福强化听力讲义 七
!Practice one: TPO 7 lecture 4!⽣生词栏：Script:!!!Last time, we started to talk about glaciers and how these masses of iceform) from crystallized snow, and some of you were amazed at how hugesome of these glaciers are. Now, even though it may be difficult tounderstand how a huge mass of ice can move or flow, it’s another word for it,it’s really known that no secret that the glaciers flow, because of gravity. Buthow they flow, the way they flow, needs some explaining. !!Now, the first type of glaciers flow is called: basal slip. Basal slip or sliding asit’s often called, basically refers to the slipping or sliding of a glacier acrossbedrock, actually across a thin layer of water, on top of the bedrock. So, thisprocess shouldn’t be too hard to imagine. What happens is that the ice at thebase of the glacier is under a great deal of pressure-- the pressure comingfrom the weight of the overlying ice. And you probably know that underpressure, the melting temperature of water, of the ice I mean, is reduced. So,ice at the base of the glacier melts, even though it’s below zero degreeCelsius. And this results in a thin layer of water between the glacier and theground. This layer of water reduces friction is... is like a lubricant. And itallows the glacier to slide or slip over the bedrock. OK? !!Now the next type of movement we will talk about is called: deformation.You’v already known that ice is brittle, if you hit it with a hammer, it willshatter like glass. But ice is also plastic, it can change shape withoutbreaking. If you leave, for example, a bar of ice supported only at one end,the end, the unsupported end will deform under its own weight, ---it’ll kind offlatten out at one end, get distorted, deformed. Think of deformation as avery slow oozing. Depending on the stresses on the glacier, the ice crystalwithin it re-organize. And during this re-organization the ice crystals realign ina way that allows them to slide pass each other. And so the glacier oozesdownhill without any ice actually melting. !!TPO 7 lecture4!!⽣生词栏：Script ：!!Now, there are a couple of factors that affect the amount of deformation thattakes place or the speed of the glacier’s movement for example. Deformationis more likely to occur the thicker the ice is, because of the gravity of theweight of the ice. And temperature also plays a part here, in that cold ice doesnot move as easily as ice that is close to the melting point, in fact, it is not toodifferent from… the way oil is, thicker at lower temperatures. So, if you havea glacier in a slightly warmer region, it will flow faster than a glacier in a coolerregion. !!Ok, um… Now, I’d like to touch briefly on extension and compression. Yourtextbook includes these as types, as a particular type of glacier movement,but you will see that there are …as many textbooks that omit it as a type ofmovement as include it. And I might not include it right now, if it weren’t inyour textbook. But, basically, the upper parts of glaciers have less pressureon them. So, they don’t deform easily, they tend to be more brittle. Andcrevasses can form in this upper layers of the glacier. When the glaciercomes into contact with bedrock walls or is otherwise under some kinds ofstress, but can’t deform quickly enough. So, the ice would expand or constrict,and that can cause big fissures big cracks to form in the surface layers of theice, and that brittle surface ice moving is sometimes considered a type ofglacier movement depending on which source you are consulting. !!Now, as you probably know, glaciers generally move really slowly. Butsometimes, they experience surges, and during these surges, in some places,they can move at speeds as high as 7000 meters per year. Now, speeds likethat are pretty unusual, hundreds of times faster than the regular movementof glaciers, but you can actually see glacier move during these surges, thoughit is rare.!!Practice Two: TPO 2 lecture 4! Script ：!!Narrator!Listen to part of a lecture in an astronomy class. You will not need to remember the numbers the professor mentions.!!Professor!OK. Let’s get going. Today I’m going to talk about how the asteroid belt was discovered. And . . . I’m going to start by writing some numbers on the board. Here they are: We’ll start with zero, then 3, . . . 6, . . . 12. Uh, tell me what I’m doing.!!Female student!Multiplying by 2?!!Professor!Right. I’m doubling the numbers, so 2 times 12 is 24, and the next one I’m going to write after 24 would be . . .!!Female student!48.!!Professor!48. Then 96. We’ll stop there for now. Uh, now I’ll write another row of numbers under that. Tell me what I’m doing. 4, 7, 10 . . . How am I getting this second row?!!Male Student!Adding 4 to the numbers in the first row.!!Professor!I’m adding 4 to each number in the first row to give you a second row. So the last two will be 52, 100, and now tell me what I’m doing.!!Female Student!Putting in a decimal?!!Professor!Yes, I divided all those numbers by 10 by putting in a decimal point. Now I’m going to write the names of the planets under the numbers. Mercury . . . Venus. . . Earth. . . Mars. So, what do the numbers mean? Do you remember from the reading?!!Male Student!Is it the distance of the planets from the Sun?!!TPO 2 lecture 4Script ：!!Professor!Right. In astronomical units—not perfect, but tantalizingly close. The value for Mars is off by . . . 6 or 7 percent or so. It’s . . . but it’s within 10 percent of the average distance to Mars from the Sun. But I kind of have to skip the one after Mars for now. Then Jupiter’s right there at 5-point something, and then Saturn is about 10 astronomical units from the Sun. Um, well, this pattern isknown as Bode’s Law. !!Um, it isn’t really a scientific law, not in the sense of predicting gravitation mathematically or something, but it’s attempting a pattern in the spacing of the planets, and it was noticed by Bode hundreds of years ago. Well, you can imagine that there was some interest in why the 2.8 spot in the pattern was skipped, and um . . . but there wasn’t anything obvious there, in the earlytelescopes. Then what happened in the late 1700s? The discovery of . . . ? ! !Female Student!Another planet?!!Professor!The next planet out, Uranus—after Saturn. !!And look, Uranus fits in the next spot in the pattern pretty nicely, um, not perfectly, but close. And so then people got really excited about the validity of this thing and finding the missing object between Mars and Jupiter. And telescopes, remember, were getting better. So people went to work on finding objects that would be at that missing distance from the Sun, and then in 1801,the object Ceres was discovered. !!And Ceres was in the right place—the missing spot. Uh, but it was way too faint to be a planet. It looked like a little star. Uh, and because of its starlike appearance, um, it was called an “asteroid.” OK? “Aster” is Greek for “star,” as in “astronomy.” Um, and so, Ceres was the first and is the largest of what became many objects discovered at that same distance. Not just one thing, but all the objects found at that distance from the asteroid belt. So the asteroid belt is the most famous success of this Bode’s Law. That’s how the asteroid belt was discovered.。
张华兵托福口语讲义
T EACHING N OTES FOR N EW TOEFL(S PEAKING)2005-12-12Lecture OneIntroduction of New TOEFLA.Changes1.It tests all four language skills: speaking, listening,reading, and writing.2.It is delivered via the Internet.3.Some tasks require test takers to combine morethan one skill.4.It includes a Speaking section.5.The Writing section has been expanded.6.It is approximately 4 hours long.7.Note taking is allowed.8.The scores (total score 120, old one 667) will bereported online.Speaking SectionA.Testing Purpose of Speaking Section: academicspeaking skills & presentation skills∙to measure your ability to speak in English effectively in educational environments∙to speak with confidence both in and outside the classroom.In classrooms, you need to∙respond to questions∙participate in academic discussions with other students∙synthesize and summarize what you have read in textbooks and heard in class∙express your views on topics under discussionOutside of classrooms, you need to∙participate in casual conversations∙express your opinions∙communicate with people in places of the bookstore, the library, and the housing officeC. Rating Criteria∙Topic development: address the task and convey relevant information, summarize the informationin the integrated tasks.∙Delivery: use clear, smooth and consistent speech for overall intelligibility.∙Language use: demonstrate control of grammar and vocabulary, and respond coherently.D. Teaching Purpose∙Increase speaking skills (brainstorming, note-taking, paraphrasing, signal word & phrase usage, quick response, time control) ∙Speak clearly, smoothly and confidently (practice in and outside the class as more as possible)∙Get good scoreSpeaking TipsA. Independent Speaking Tasks∙Make a list of familiar topics, and practice speaking about them.∙Begin by describing a familiar place or talking about a personal experience.∙ A more advanced exercise would be to state an opinion or a preference and then present reasonsclearly and with details.∙Another is to make a recommendation and explain why it is the best way to proceed.∙Practice giving 1-minute responses to each topic.B. Integrated Speaking Tasks∙Find a textbook that includes questions about the material at the end of chapters. Practice answering the questions orally.∙Read a short article (100–200 words). Make an outline that includes only the major points of thearticle. Use the outline to orally summarize theinformation.∙Find listening and reading material on the same topic, t ake notes on them, orally summarizeinformation from the two materials and explainhow they relate.∙State and support an opinion about the ideas and information presented in the reading and listening material.∙Be sure to paraphrase using different words and grammatical structures.C. All Speaking Tasks∙Increase your vocabulary and learn to use idiomatic speech appropriately.∙Learn grammatical structures so well that you can use them naturally when speaking.∙Work on pronunciation, including word stress, intonation patterns, and pauses.∙Take around 15 seconds to plan before beginning to speak. Write down a few key words and ideas,but do not attempt to write down exactly what you are going to say.∙Use signal words and phrases to introduce new information or ideas, to connect ideas, and to mark important words or ideas.∙Make recordings of the above activities and listen to make sure the pronunciation and fluency areclear and easy to understand.Strategies for Independent Tasks1.Be familiar with the directions.2.Dismiss the directions as soon as they come up.3.Read the question carefully, and answer thequestion exactly as it is asked.anize your response very clearly. Have a topicstatement and supporting details.e transitions to make your response coherent.6.Stick to vocabulary, sentence structures, andgrammatical points that you know.7.Speak slowly and distinctly.8.Monitor the time carefully on the title bar of thecomputer screen.Speaking Skills for Independent Tasks 1-2The two independent speaking tasks are a free-choice response and a paired-choice response.Step 1Step 2Example of Task 1 Where would you like to be professionally in ten years? Use details to support your response.Topic statement: set up my own consulting business Support: (how I will work toward building my own consulting business)∙will get MBA degree∙will work in a consulting firm while planning mybusiness∙will start my own business when readyIn ten years, I would like to set up my own business consulting company. Next year, I will start my MBA study in China’s top university – Peking University. Iwant to get more knowledge and expertise in finance, accounting, strategy and business management from the MBA course. After I graduate from MBA three years from now, I will most likely seek a position in a consulting firm like McKinsey or Boston Consulting and meanwhile spend some time in planning my own business. Within ten years, I hope to have my own company and run it successfully.Example of Task 2Do you like to try new kinds of food or eat the same kind of food all the time? Use details and examples to support your response.Position: I like to try new food, but not alwaysSupport: (how I like new food, but sometimes eat regular one)∙I am kind of adventurous person, and like to try new food + example∙but, sometimes, stick to ordering old/regular favorite food + exampleI would like to try new kinds of food in most occasions, but sometimes I prefer to take some regular favorite one. I think of myself as an adventurous person; I like to travel around China and especially love having some local new food, like the spicy and hot Sichuan food, the mild Cantonese food, and the sweet Shanghai food. I even like to take the western food when I am abroad. However, I sometimes stick to order some regular food. Last week, for instance, I dined in a new restaurant with my friends, and they ordered new things while I ordered the same old Peking roast duck.S AMPLE Q UESTIONS OF I NDEPENDENT T ASKS2005-12-12Task 11.Describe the characteristics that make a personsuccessful. Include reasons and examples tosupport your response.2.Describe one thing you would like to improveabout your hometown. Include reasons and examples to support your response.3.Describe your favorite book, and explain why it isimportant to you. Include reasons and details to support your response.4.Where would you like to be professionally in tenyears? Use details to support your response.5.What are the characteristics of a good neighbor?Use reasons and details to support your response.6.What is your favorite holiday? Use reasons anddetails to support your response.7.Which person has helped you the most to getwhere you are today, and how has he or she helped you? Use examples to support your response.8.If you suddenly got $10 million, what would youspend it on? Use details to support your response.9.What does your dream house look like? Usedetails to support your response.10.What is your favorite food? Use reasons anddetails to support your response.11.What are the characteristics of a good partner? Usereasons and details to support your response.12.If you could live anywhere, where would you live?Use reasons to support your response.13.What person who is alive today would you mostlike to meet? Use reasons and details to supportyour response.14.Why are you preparing to take the TOEFL test?Use reasons to support your response.15.If you could have any job in the world, what wouldit be? Use details to support your response.16.At what age should a person be allowed to drive?Use reasons to support your response.17.What is the best excuse to give your teacher whenyou have not done the homework? Use reasons tosupport your response. 18.What is your favorite day of the year? Use reasonsto support your response.19.What change would you like your government tomake? Use reasons to support your response.Task 21.Some students study for classes individually.Others study in groups. Which method of studyingdo you think is better for students and why?2.Some people prefer to live in the city, and somepeople prefer to live in the country. Which do you prefer, and why? Use reasons and examples to support your response.3.Do you agree or disagree with the followingstatement: Young children should be given a lot of homework. Use reasons and examples to support your response.4.Do you agree or disagree with the followingstatement: all the effects of technology have been positive. Use reasons and examples to support your response.5.Do you like to try new kinds of food or eat thesame kind of food all the time? Use details andexamples to support your response.6.Do you prefer to be in a large or a small class? Usereasons to support your response.7.Would you prefer to go out to a dinner or stayhome and cook a meal? Use reasons to supportyour response.8.Do you think it is better to marry before or afterthe age of 30? Use reasons to support yourresponse.9.Do you prefer to take essay exams or multiple-choice exams? Use reasons to support yourresponse.10.Would you prefer to take a trip by plane or by train?Use reasons to support your response.11.Would you like to live in a big city or a small town?Use reasons to support your response.12.Do you think it is better to study alone or studywith friends? Use reasons to support your response.13.Do you prefer to play sports or watch sports? Usereasons to support your response.14.Would you prefer to go to the opera or to a footballgame? Use reasons and details to support yourresponse.15.Would you prefer to take a TOEFL test or a mathtest? Use reasons and details to support yourresponse.16.If your teacher makes a mistake, is it better tocorrect the teacher or ignore the mistake? Usereasons to support your response.17.Is it better to take chances in life or play it safe?18.Is it better to have a career that pays a lot of moneybut keeps you away from your family or a careerthat does not pay so much but allows you timewith your family? Use reasons to support yourresponse.19.Do you make decisions quickly or take your timemaking them? Use details and examples to support your response.20.Do you think children should always obey theirparents, or are there times when it is not necessary for children to obey?T EACHING N OTES FOR N EW TOEFL(S PEAKING)2005-12-14Lecture Two语音/语调主要问题及对策1、双元音发得不到位：双元音必须充足地从一个音滑到另一个音。
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Sentence Simplification Questions （长难句分析）
Target Sentence
• Papermaking spread quickly to Egypt and eventually to Sicily and Spain but it was several centuries before paper supplanted parchment for copies of the Koran, probably because of the conservative nature of the religious art and its practitioners.
Options
Similarity
Analyze Meaning groups
Difference
Compare Meaning groups
Similarity
Select
• It was several centuries before papermaking techniques spread to faraway areas where parchment was popular and used widely in art. It was several centuries before papermaking techniques spread to faraway areas where parchment was popular and used widely in art
Assignments:
Option 4
Steps:
• Understand the sentence ( split/analyze/combine) option ( split/analyze/combine)
Practice
• That we now have an abundance of the proof that was called for was established when Barbara Bentley reviewed the relevant evidence in 1977, and since then many more observations and experiments have provided still further proof that ants benefit plants.
• Papermaking ［Subject］ spread ［Verb.］ quickly to Egypt and eventually to Sicily and Spain ［Adverbial］ • but it ［Subject］was several centuries ［V+P］
• before paper ［Subject］ supplanted ［Verb.］ parchment ［object］ for copies of the Koran, ［Adverbial］probably because of the conservative nature of the religious art and its practitioners. ［Adverbial］
Option 3
• Paper replaced parchment in copies of the Koran, probably at the request of conservative practitioners in areas like Egypt, Sicily and Spain. Paper replaced parchment in copies of the Koran, probably at the request of conservative practitioners in areas like Egypt, Sicily and Spain.
Option 1
• Although papermaking came to Egypt quickly, it took much longer for paper to be used when coping the Koran, probably because of the conservative nature of religious art. Although papermaking came to Egypt quickly, it took much longer for paper to be used when coping the Koran, probably because of the conservative nature of religious art.
Option 2
• Papermaking spread beyond Egypt, Sicily and Spain, but it was not widely used by artists for centuries, probably because of the conservative nature of art in those countries. Papermaking spread beyond Egypt, Sicily and Spain, but it was not widely used by artists for centuries, probably because of the conservative nature of art in those countries.