英语阅读难句分析之倒装句

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雅思阅读长难句分析

雅思阅读长难句分析

雅思阅读长难句分析1.There had, of course, been dictionaries in the past, the first of these being a little book of some 120 pages, compiled by a certain Robert Cawdray, published in 1604 under the title A Table Alphabeticall ‘of hard usuall English wordes’.翻译:当然,过去也有词典,第一部词典是一本大约120页的小册子,它由一位叫罗伯特·考德雷的人编纂而成并于1604年出版,书名叫《疑难常用英语词汇表》。

词汇:compile v. 编写,编纂a certain 某一publish v. 出版under the title 名叫……,题为……分析:主干部分:There had been dictionaries in the past. (倒装句)独立主格结构:the first of these being a little book of some 120 pagesThe first of these 逻辑主语Being a little book of some 120 pages 分词短语状语成分:compiled by a certain Robert Cawdray, publishe d ... wordes’. (过去分词短语作状语)新通教育2.Beyond the practical need to make order out of chaos, the rise of dictionaries is associated with the rise of the English middle class, who were anxious to define and circumscribe the various worlds to conquer --- lexical as well as social and commercial.翻译:除了从混乱中建立起秩序的实际需要,词典的兴起也与英国中产阶级的兴起息息相关,他们急切地希望能定义和界定各种各样等待他们去征服的领域——词汇领域,社会领域以及商业领域。

英语长难句分析英语长句结构分析及翻译实例

英语长难句分析英语长句结构分析及翻译实例

英语长难句分析英语长句结构分析及翻译实例英语长句分析和翻译实例是对英语长句的结构和翻译方法进行探讨和示范。

英语长句通常由多个从句和状语从句组成,其结构复杂、语法层次丰富。

以下是一些常见的英语长句结构和翻译实例:
1.主从复合句结构:
-原句结构:主句+从句
- 翻译实例:I will go to the movie theater tonight, if I finish my homework.(如果我完成作业,我今晚会去电影院)
2.并列句结构:
-原句结构:句子1,连词,句子2
- 翻译实例:He studied hard for the exam, but he still failed.(他为了考试努力学习,但仍然没通过)
3.倒装句结构:
-原句结构:完全倒装句型,谓语在主语前
- 翻译实例:Only when the rain stopped did we go outside.(只有等雨停下来我们才出去)
4.强调句结构:
- 原句结构:It is/was + 被强调部分 + that/who + 其他部分
- 翻译实例:It was Tom who broke the vase.(正是汤姆打碎了花瓶)
对于长句的翻译,可以采取以下方法:
-分割长句,将从句、状语从句分别翻译,再进行合并。

-对英语长句进行拆分,将其翻译为多个简洁且清晰的句子。

-确保翻译的流畅性和准确性,同时要注意语序的变化。

总之,对于英语长句的结构分析和翻译实例,重要的是理解其语法结构、使用正确的连词、灵活运用翻译策略,并保持翻译的准确和自然。

谈谈完全倒装句的学习重点与易错点

谈谈完全倒装句的学习重点与易错点
些描述,学生可以从作者的语言中感受到压抑感和紧
迫感,体会灾难来临前的惶恐。在地震中,作者写明
了地震发生时的现象:
“a quake that even caused dam⁃
age more than 150 kilometres away in Beijing”
“eight ki⁃
lometres long and 30 metres wide, cut across houses,
据谓语的单复数形式,判断或写出主语的单复数形
地点的名词词组(短语)如:in front of 意为“在……前
式,或者根据主语的单复数形式,判断或写出谓语动
词的单复数形式。其主要在语法填空题或短文改错
面”,on top of 意为“在……之上”,to the east of 意为“在
…… 东 面 ”,at the foot of 意 为“ 在 …… 脚 下 ”,at the
“which was followed by two hunters with shotguns”修饰
例 6:In front the trees stands a little boy.
解析:本句强调了介词短语 In front the trees,且位
本 句 的 主 语 jackals。 本 句 正 常 语 序 是 :The jackals
于句首,且句子的主语是名词短语 the president of the
trade union,
故本句应用完全倒装结构。
例 4:The windows of the rich man’s house were vio⁃
lently opened, and out __________(ran/do run) a rob⁃

最新高考英语倒装句解析

最新高考英语倒装句解析

最新高考英语倒装句解析最新高考英语倒装句解析引导语:为了强调、突出等语的目的而颠倒原有语序的句式叫做倒装句。

在高考英语写作中使用倒装句能够提高文章质量,以下是店铺分享给大家的最新高考英语倒装句解析,欢迎阅读参考!倒装范例引入:1,There are many students and teachers is our school.(全倒) 2,What are you doing now?.(半倒)3,The higher we stand ,the farther we will see. (形式倒装)倒装定义出于语法和修辞目的(强调,承上启下,平衡等)的需要,把谓语的一部分或全部句子的其他成分放在主语之前,叫倒装语序。

倒装句的种类{C}{C}①{C}{C}完全倒装提前部分+谓语动词+主语。

{C}{C}②{C}{C}部分倒装提前部分+助动词+主语+谓语相当于提前部分+一般疑问句。

{C}{C}③{C}{C}形式倒装只把强调的内容提至句首,主谓并不倒装。

方法提炼掌握倒装句的关键在于记住哪些部分需要提前,分清倒装类别。

熟记倒装特征与类型。

做题方法:一看强调部分,二看主语单复数,三看谓语时态、语态来定助动词。

第一类:总结全部倒装的条件{C}{C}1.{C}{C}句首:表示方位,方向地点或时间的`副词或副词短语置于句首且主语是名词的全部倒装如:Here comes a bus . Here it comes(主语是代词的不倒装).Here,there,then,up,down,away,off,in the room,on the wall 等置于句首。

{C}{C}2.{C}{C}谓语:表示静态存在或动态趋势的动词如:位于(lie)冲(rush)来(come)走(go)跑(run)升(rise)站立(stand)住(live)坐(sit)挂(hang)总结公式 There (on the wall,in the south of …)+谓语+主语高考链接1. At the meeting place the Yangtze River and the Jialing River___lies_(lie) Chong Qing, one of the ten largest cities in China.2. John opened the door, There_stood____ (stand) a girl he had never seen before.3.—Is everyone here?—Not yet …Look, there_come____ (come) the rest of our guests.4. Hearing the dog barking fiercely, away___fled___ (flee) the thief.5, For a moment nothing happened. Then__came___ (come) the voice all shouting together.6. Here____are__ (be) two tickets for tonight’s concert.7. South of the river___lies__ (lie) a small factory.8. Such___was____ (be) Albert Einstein, a simple man and 20th century’s greatest scientist.第二类:总结部分倒装(半倒装)的条件。

倒装句子知识点总结

倒装句子知识点总结

倒装句子知识点总结一、倒装句的基本概念倒装句是指把谓语动词或助动词提到主语之前的一种句子结构,它通常由以下几种情况构成:1.完全倒装:句子的主语之后紧跟着谓语动词或助动词,谓语动词或助动词之后跟上其他成分。

2.部分倒装:句子的助动词或情态动词提前至主语之前的位置,其余成分保持不变。

倒装句可以分为主谓倒装、主谓宾倒装、主谓双宾倒装等不同类型,其灵活运用可以使句子结构更加多样化,语法表达更加丰富。

二、倒装句的使用场景1. 表示部分条件、愿望、要求、建议等的句子中,常会出现倒装结构。

例如:Should you need any assistance, please do not hesitate to contact us. (表示要求)Were she to come, I would be happy. (表示条件)2. 在以副词或介词短语引导的状语从句中,句首部分的倒装结构也很常见。

例如:Not only did he finish the work on time, but also he did it excellently. (表示强调)In no way can I agree with your idea. (否定状语从句倒装)3. 在一些表示方向、位置或状态的句子中,倒装结构也十分常见。

例如:Out rushed the students when the bell rang. (表示方向)Here comes the bus. (表示位置)4. 在含有虚拟语气的句子中,倒装结构也经常被使用。

例如:Had she known the truth, she would have spoken out. (与过去完成时连用表示与过去事实相反的虚拟条件)Should I be the one chosen, I promise to work hard. (与虚拟条件连用)三、倒装句的基本结构及使用方法1. 主谓倒装在一些特殊情况下,主语和谓语的位置会倒置。

高考英语阅读理解长难句分析实例

高考英语阅读理解长难句分析实例

高考英语阅读理解长难句分析实例1.First put forward by the French mathematician Pierre de Format in the seventeenth century, the theorem had baffled and beaten the finest mathematical minds, including a French woman scientist who made a major advance in working out the problem, and who had to dress like a man in order to be able to study at the Ecolab polytechnique.这个定理,先是由十七世纪法国数学家皮尔法特提出,曾使一批杰出的数学大师为难,包括一位法国女科学家,她在解决这个难题方面取得了重大的进展,她曾女扮男装为了能够在伊科尔理工学院学习。

简析:夹杂过去分词短语,现在分词短语,动名词及两个定语从句。

2. It is difficult to measure the quantity of paper used as a result of use of Internet-connected computers, although just about anyone who works in an office can tell you that when e-mail is introduced, the printers start working overtime. That is, the growing demand for paper in recent years is largely due to the increased use of the Internet.由于因特网的使用,计算所使用的纸张的数量是很难的,然而几乎任何在办公室工作的人能告诉你,当引进电子邮件后,打印机就开始超时工作。

高考英语写作高分句式:专题4 高分句式之倒装句

高考英语写作高分句式:专题4  高分句式之倒装句
Most of my classmates applied to be a volunteer and so did I.
如果你不去听那个讲座,我也不去。
If you don’t attend the lecture, neither/ nor will I.
8 May + 主语 + 谓语动词 + 其他。表示祝福
So excited was I that I couldn't wait to try my hand at riding the new bike.
2. 他的吼叫声实在太猛烈、太可怕,吓得小猫从他身旁跳开了。
So fierce and dreadful was his roar that the cat jumped away from him in alarm.
Out rushed the children, who were so excited. We eventually arrived at the top of the mountain, where stood a big pine tree.
在她的前面是另一条长长的通道,她正好看到免子匆匆向远处跑去。
Only then did I realize I was lost.
2.只有用这样的方法我们才能挽救地球。(环保话题写作)
Only in this way can we save the earth.
3.只有当你全身心投入进去你才会发现它没那么枯燥。(建议信)
Only when you devote yourself to it will you find it is not that boring.
1 only+状语/状语从句+部分倒装 只有……

英语倒装句的用法归纳总结

英语倒装句的用法归纳总结

英语倒装句的用法归纳总结
英语倒装句是指把谓语动词或助动词放在主语之前的句型结构。

它通常用于强调句子中的某一部分,或者在特定的语法情况下使用。

下面我将对英语倒装句的用法进行归纳总结:
1. 全部倒装,在句首将整个谓语动词短语倒装,主要用于表示
强调或者表示条件。

例如,Only then did I realize the importance of the decision.
2. 部分倒装,将助动词、情态动词或者连词后面的主语和谓语
动词倒装,主要用于表示否定、半否定、以及表示方向性的副词短语。

例如,Not only did he finish the project on time, but
he also exceeded our expectations.
3. 倒装疑问句,在一般疑问句中,助动词或情态动词与主语倒装。

例如,Can you swim?
4. 倒装条件句,在以"should", "had", "were"开头的条件句中,主句的谓语动词和主语倒装。

例如,Had I known about the meeting, I would have attended.
5. 倒装句型用于表示方向性的副词短语,如,Here comes the bus.
总的来说,英语倒装句的使用有一定的规律,主要用于强调、
条件句、疑问句和特定的副词短语。

在写作和口语表达中,合适地
运用倒装句可以使语言更加生动有力。

希望以上总结对你有所帮助。

中考英语阅读理解长难句

中考英语阅读理解长难句

中考英语阅读理解长难句中考英语阅读理解中,长难句是常见的一种句型,它们通常包含多个从句、修饰语和复杂结构,使得句子难以理解。

以下是一些常见的中考英语阅读理解长难句类型和例子:1.复合句:包含主句和从句的句子,从句可以是名词性从句、定语从句或状语从句。

例子:When we consider the importance of individual differences in language learning, it is clear that teachers should be aware of the different needs and characteristics of their students.2.省略句:为了使语言更加简洁,句子中省略了一些不必要的部分。

例子:It is a waste of time to try to persuade him to do anything. 3.倒装句:句子中的一些成分颠倒了正常的顺序。

例子:Only when you have obtained enough evidence can you be sure of the defendant's guilt.4.强调句:通过使用强调结构或词汇来突出句子中的某个部分。

例子:It was because of bad weather that the plane was delayed. 5.并列句:由并列连词连接的两个或多个简单句。

例子:The film was interesting, but the plot was a little weak.6.被动句:主语是动作的接受者,而不是执行者。

例子:The book was written by Charles Darwin.在阅读长难句时,可以采取以下方法来理解和分析:1.找出句子的主语、谓语和宾语,确定句子的主干。

2.识别并分析从句、修饰语和其他成分,理解它们在句子中的作用。

什么是倒装句

什么是倒装句

什么是倒装句?倒装句(Inversion)是指将句子中的主语和谓语动词的位置颠倒,或者将助动词或情态动词放在句子的前面,以达到强调、修辞或语法需要的一种语法结构。

倒装句在英语中常用于特殊疑问句、条件句、否定句、含有否定词的句子以及某些表达习惯等情况下。

下面是关于倒装句的一些特点和用法:1. 完全倒装:-在完全倒装中,整个谓语动词放在主语之前。

- Never have I seen such a beautiful sunset.(我从未见过如此美丽的日落。

)-在完全倒装的疑问句中,将助动词或情态动词放在主语之前。

- Can you swim?(你会游泳吗?)2. 部分倒装:-在部分倒装中,只有谓语动词的一部分放在主语之前。

- Hardly had I arrived home when the phone rang.(我一到家电话就响了。

)-在部分倒装的疑问句中,将助动词或情态动词放在主语之前,但是主谓语的顺序不变。

- Did you go to the party last night?(你昨晚去派对了吗?)3. 倒装句的用法:-倒装句常用于特殊疑问句中,即以疑问词引导的疑问句。

- What time does the train leave?(火车几点离开?)-倒装句常用于条件句中,以表示与实际情况相反的假设。

- Had I known the truth, I would have acted differently.(如果我早知道真相,我会采取不同的行动。

)-倒装句常用于否定词放在句首的句子中,以表示强调或修辞的效果。

- Never have I been so disappointed.(我从未如此失望过。

)倒装句在英语中是一种常见的语法现象,通过大量的阅读和实践,可以更好地掌握倒装句的用法,并使英语表达更加准确、灵活和自然。

名校版英语经典句型考点解析 否定词放句首的部分倒装

名校版英语经典句型考点解析 否定词放句首的部分倒装

名校版英语经典句型考点解析否定词放句首的部分倒装一、英语倒装句是个特殊的句型,在含有否定副词的句子当中,如never, seldom, rarely, little, hardly, scarcely, no sooner, no longer, nowhere ,in no circumstances,in no way,not only,等这些含有否定意义的副词位于句首时,则其后要用部分倒装,例如:Never before has our country been so prosperous and powerful as it is today.我们的国家从来没有今天这么繁荣昌盛。

Not noly does he have to type out the answer on a computer,but he also gets the computer to translate it into sounds.他不仅把答案打在电脑上,而且还要电脑把答案变成声音。

Never in all my life have I seen such a horrible thing.我一辈子也没见过这么恐怖的事。

Scarcely had the game started when it began to rain.比赛才开始就下起雨来了。

Scarcely had they left before soldiers arrived armed with rifles. 他们刚离开,扛着步枪的士兵们就到了。

Nowhere is the effect of government policy more apparent than in agriculture.政府的政策对农业的影响最为显著。

Nowhere is language a more serious issue than in Hawaii没有哪个地方像夏威夷那样,语言成了如此重要的问题。

高中英语语法精讲精练---倒装句

高中英语语法精讲精练---倒装句

倒装倒装的两种考法:1. 放在单项选择题中,考查考生的倒装语法知识是否熟练掌握;2. 放在完形填空和阅读理解中,设置理解障碍。

倒装的两种形式:1. 完全倒装:将整个谓语动词提到主语前。

2. 部分倒装:即半倒装,将谓语的一部分即助动词提到主语前。

一、完全倒装1. 表方位的副词here, there 或out, in, up, down, away, off等标志词放在句首,句子用完全倒装。

Here comes the bus.There goes the bell.【辨析】当主语是人称代词时,主谓语序不变。

Here it is.In she came.2. 地点状语放在句首且谓语动词为come, live, lie, go等时用完全倒装。

In south of the river lies a small factory.From the valley came a cry.3. such, the following等放句首时,句子要完全倒装。

Such is life.The following is the answer to the question.4. There lie / exist / stand / live +主语+…是there be 句型的变式。

There is a tall building on the top of the mountain.There stands an ancient tower on the top of the mountain.5. “表语+系动词+主语”的结构。

Present at the party were Mr. Green and many other guests.Seated on the ground are a group of young men.二、部分倒装1. 含有否定意义的副词或短语如:few, little, never, not, not until, nowhere, rarely, seldom, hardly / scarcely…when…,no sooner…(than)…,not only…(but also), at no time, by no means等放在句首时,需用部分倒装。

长难句分析(倒装句)

长难句分析(倒装句)

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4. We have been told that under no circumstances may we use the telephone in the office for personal affairs. 我们被告知,在任何情况下都不允许 使用办公室的电话办私事。
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2. Along with them goes social mobility ,ambition to rise in the urban world,a main factor in bringing down the births in Europe in the nineteenth century. 要点:这是一个完全倒装句,主语是social mobility…… century,谓语动词是goes。 伴随他们而来的是社会的流动性,人们强烈 ambition to rise in the urban world 地希望在城市里发展,这是19世纪欧洲出生 是对 social mobility 的进一步说明。A main 率下降的主要因素。 factor 在意思上相当于which is a main factor in …..century,修饰ambition to …world。本句可以按原文顺序翻译
上一页倒装3. The progress of science depends upon many factors ,and not least among these is the existence of satisfactory arrangements for the rapid exchange of new ideas and experimental results between research workers having similar interest.

英语语法:倒装句概念解析

英语语法:倒装句概念解析

【导语】倒装句在中⽂中也经常出现,是⼀种典型的不按套路来的句⼦,掌握起来并不容易,但是倒装句能够让你的英语表达变得更加地道,⽆忧考为⼤家带来关于倒装句的知识点讲解。

欢迎阅读参考!更多相关讯息请关注⽆忧考!⼀. 定义主语在谓语之后则称为倒装语序(Inverted Order),为了强调、突出等语的⽬的⽽颠倒原有语序的句式叫做倒装句。

在倒装句中,颠倒了的成分可以恢复原位⽽句意基本不变,句法成分不变。

⼆. 类型1、全部倒装谓语动词提前⾄主语之前为全部倒装。

eg.There was a drop in the temperature.2、部分倒装助动词或情态动词提⾄主语之前,谓语动词位置不变,即为部分倒装。

eg. Must you arrive here at 10 am.3、否定词提前倒装,否定词⽤于句⾸时,句⼦应进⾏部分倒装。

否定词常⽤的有:Not only…(but also),Not until(直到…..才),No sooner….(than)(⼀…..就),Never/Rarely/Seldom,Hardly/Scarcely,Few/Little,Neither/Nor (也不),At no time,Under no circumstances(决不),On no account (决不),In no way,其中not only, no sooner, hardly, scarcely 分别和but (also), than, when搭配使⽤.eg. No sooner had I arrived school than it began to rain.4、副词提前倒装副词提⾄句⾸引起倒装,可分以下⼏种情况:●only + 副词(when, before, if, after等)或only+介词状语(由in, under, by, on, after等引导)提前,必须部分倒装。

eg. Only in this way can you solve the problem.●often, such, so等副词提前,部分倒装。

考研英语语法之倒装结构:完全倒装和部分倒装

考研英语语法之倒装结构:完全倒装和部分倒装

【导语】有⼀个现象是普遍存在的,就是“学的越多感觉不会的越多,背的越多忘的越快”,这个问题困扰着很多考研党。

很多时候死记硬背并不是的⽅法,需要找到正确的思路,灵活记忆。

?⽆忧考为同学们提供⼀些知识点考研英语语法之倒装结构:完全倒装和部分倒装,希望能对⼤家有所帮助。

在英语表达中,由于语法结构平衡的要求,或是由于修辞的需要,往往要改变句⼦的⾃然语序,把⼀些本应置于主语之后的谓语、表语或状语等句⼦成分提到主语之前。

我们把这种语序的变化称为“倒装语序”。

这样的倒装语序可能使句⼦的内在含义产⽣细微的、甚⾄明显的改变。

只有了解引起倒装的原因,才能更准确地理解句⼦的含义。

下⾯万学海⽂就跟⼤家聊聊倒装语序。

倒装语序分为完全倒装和部分倒装。

完全倒装(FullInversion),⼜称“全部倒装”,是指将句⼦中的谓语全部置于主语之前。

部分倒装(PartialInversion)(⼜称半倒装句),指将谓语的⼀部分如助动词或情态动词倒装⾄主语之前,⽽谓语动词⽆变化。

如果句中的谓语没有助动词或情态动词,则需添加助动词do,does或did,并将其置于主语之前。

考研英语翻译中倒装结构的突破⼝在于:识别出倒装结构,并判断出主语和谓语,找到句⼦主⼲,理清句中各部分的关系。

翻译时既可以按照主谓语的顺序翻译,也可以按照英语表达顺序翻译。

下⾯列举⼏个真题范例。

⼀、状语位于句⾸,主语⾮代词,句⼦完全倒装【真题例句】With economic growth has come centralization; fully 76 percent of Japan’s 119 million citizens live in cities where community and the extended family have been abandoned in favor of isolated, two-generation households.【解析】第⼀个句⼦主语centralization后⾯紧跟着第⼆个句⼦介绍centralization的内容,为使其保持紧凑,所以将介词短语With economic growth置于句⾸,第⼀个句⼦采⽤完全倒装结构。

英语阅读难句分析之倒装句

英语阅读难句分析之倒装句

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英语阅读难句分析之倒装句 英语句子通常有两种语序,一种是自然语序(Natural Order),又称正装 语序,另一种便是本章要介绍的倒装语序(Inverted Order)。

 从形式上分, 倒装有两种: 全部倒装 (Full Inversion) 和部分倒装 (Partial Inversion)。

谓语动词全部位于主语之前的称作全部倒装,例如:In front of me stood a boy. (我面前站着一个男孩。

)只将谓语动词的一部分(通常是 助动词或情态动词) 放在主语之前的称作部分倒装, 例如: Only in this way can we do it better. (只有这样,我们才能做得更好一些)从使用目的区分,倒 装也有两种情况,即语法倒装(Grammatical Inversion)和修辞倒装 (Rhetorical Inversion) 语法倒装是由于语法规则的要求而必须进行的倒装, 。

 例如:Who called me just now?(刚才谁打给我?)修辞倒装是出于修辞的 需要而把正常语序转为倒装语序,例如:Out rushed the children.(孩子们 冲了出去)H?Fowler 归纳倒装的原因有九种,即疑问、命令、惊叹、假设、平 衡、衔接、点题(signpost)、否定和韵律(metrical)。

这并不完全,还应 加上强调和为使描写更加生动两种。

 在英语中, 倒装句俯拾即是, 用得非常普遍, 但汉语却很少用,所以在翻译倒装句时,仍应按原文词序翻译,并照顾汉语的习 惯,以保持译文句子结构流畅、匀称。

本章只列举在阅读文章中常遇到的倒装现 象,以使考生熟悉英语和汉语在语序上的差异。

 1. Jack London poured into his writings all the pain of his life,the fierce hatred of the bourgeoisie that it had produced in him,and the conviction it had brought to him that the world could be made a better place to live in if the exploited would rise up and take the management of society out of the hands of the exploiters. 第一层:Jack London 主 poured 谓 into his writings 状 all the pain 宾 of his life,定 the fierce hatred 宾 of the bourgeoisie 定 that it had produced in him ,定语从句 1 and 连 the conviction 宾 it had brought to him 定语从句 2 that the world could be made a better place to live in if the exploited would rise 同位语从句 up and take the management of society out of the hands of the exploiters . 第二层:(定语从句 1)that 引 it 主 had produced 谓 in him 状 (定语从句 2)it 主 had brought to 谓 him 间宾 (同位语从句) that 引 the world 主 could be made 谓 a better place 宾 to live in 定 if the exploited would rise up and take the man- 状语 从句 agement of society out of the hands of the exploiters. 第三层: (状语从句)if 引 the exploited 主 would rise up 谓 and 连 take 谓 the management 宾 of society 定 out of the hands of the exploiters 状 要点 本句为倒装句。

阅读复杂句解析

阅读复杂句解析

一、定语从句一、定语从句定语从句是英语中一种最常见的句型,它可以分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句,即定语从句的关系词在文中修饰哪个词、短语或句子。

在主句中不可缺少的定语从句称限定性定语从句。

对主句起附加说明作用的定语从句称非限定性定语从句。

此外,定语从句和主句之间还存在着状语关系,说明原因、目的、让步、假设等。

例1.The change met the technical requirement of the new age and prevented the decline in efficiency that so monly spoiled the fortunes of family firms in the second and third generation after the energetic founders. (1996年真题)例2. The American economic system is, organized around a basically private-enterprise, market- oriented economy in which consumers largely determine what shall be produced by spending t heir money in the marketplace for those goods and services that they want most.例3. If, on the other hand, producing more of a modity results in reducing its cost, this will tend to increase the supply offered by seller-producers, which i n turn will lower the price and permit more consumers to buy the product.例4. The government promised to give preferential taxation policies and loans of low interest rate to those enterprises that could improve their structure of production and were willing to take in over 50 laid-off workers yearly.例5. The local government introduced the snakes into this area hoping that they would control the number of mice, which finally became the threat needed to be controlled.例 6.The environmental protection should be given priority which means the economic development would be lowered to some extent in a developing country.例7. She was confirmed to be infected with bird flu that calls for a quarantine and medical observation for weeks in the hospital.例8.In Europe, as elsewhere multi-media groups have been increasingly successful groups which bring together television, radio newspapers, magazines and publishing houses that work in relation to one another.〔2005〕二、同位语从句例1. The audience leraned form the internet the news that a serious explosion broke out in Xi’an a few days ago.例2.The rumor that she eloped with her boyfriend just cannot hold water, for I saw her at home just now.例3.However, the conventional view that education should be one of the very highest priorities for promoting rapid economic development in poor countries is wrong.(2021年第3篇)三、倒装句倒装(inversion)是一种语法手段,用以表示一定句子构造的需要和强调某一句子成分的需要。

英语倒装句讲解

英语倒装句讲解

英语倒装句概念:英语句子通常有两种语序:一种主语在前,谓语在后,称为自然语序,另一种谓误在前,主语在后,称为倒装语序。

倒装句分为全部倒装和部分倒装一.倒装句之全部倒装全部倒装是只将句子中的谓语动词全部置于主语之前。

1)here, there, now, then, thus等副词置于句首, 谓语动词常用be, come, go, lie, run等表示来去或状态的动词。

The chairman came then. →Then 那时总裁来了。

Your letter is here. →Here 你的信。

An old fisherman lived in the village. → There an old fisherman in the village.A little girl stands there . → There .2)表示运动方向的副词或地点状语置于句首,谓语表示运动的动词。

例如:Out rushed a missile from under the bomber. 轰炸机肚底下窜出一枚导弹。

An old woman sat ahead. →Ahead . 前面坐着一个老妪。

On the left side of the road our library,where there are various kinds of books.路的左侧是我们的图书馆,里面有各种各样的书籍。

Out before I could say a word.我还没来得及说话,这个小男孩就冲出去了注意:上述全部倒装的句型结构的主语必须是名词,如果主语是人称代词则不能完全倒装。

例如:Here you are.Here he comes. 他来了。

Away they went. 他们走开了。

二.倒装句之部分倒装部分倒装是指将谓语的一部分如助动词或情态倒装至主语之前。

如果句子的谓语没有助动词或情态动词,则需添加助动词do, does或did,并将其置于主语之前。

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英语阅读难句分析之倒装句英语阅读难句分析之倒装句英语句子通常有两种语序,一种是自然语序(Natural Order),又称正装语序,另一种便是本章要介绍的倒装语序(Inverted Order)。

从形式上分,倒装有两种:全部倒装(Full Inversion)和部分倒装(Partial Inversion)。

谓语动词全部位于主语之前的称作全部倒装,例如:In front of me stood a boy. (我面前站着一个男孩。

)只将谓语动词的一部分(通常是助动词或情态动词)放在主语之前的称作部分倒装,例如:Only in this way can we do it better. (只有这样,我们才能做得更好一些)从使用目的区分,倒装也有两种情况,即语法倒装(Grammatical Inversion)和修辞倒装(Rhetorical Inversion)。

语法倒装是由于语法规则的要求而必须进行的倒装,例如:Who called me just now?(刚才谁打给我?)修辞倒装是出于修辞的需要而把正常语序转为倒装语序,例如:Out rushed the children.(孩子们冲了出去)H?Fowler归纳倒装的原因有九种,即疑问、命令、惊叹、假设、平衡、衔接、点题(signpost)、否定和韵律(metrical)。

这并不完全,还应加上强调和为使描写更加生动两种。

在英语中,倒装句俯拾即是,用得非常普遍,但汉语却很少用,所以在翻译倒装句时,仍应按原文词序翻译,并照顾汉语的习惯,以保持译文句子结构流畅、匀称。

本章只列举在阅读文章中常遇到的倒装现象,以使考生熟悉英语和汉语在语序上的差异。

1. Jack London poured into his writings all the pain of his life,the fierce hatred of the bourgeoisie that it had produced in him,and the conviction it had brought to him that the world could be made a better place to live in if the exploited would rise up and take the management of society out of the hands of the exploiters.第一层:Jack London 主poured 谓into his writings 状all the pain 宾of his life,定the fierce hatred 宾of the bourgeoisie 定that it had produced in him ,定语从句1 and 连the conviction 宾it had brought to him 定语从句2 that the world could be made a better place to live in if the exploited would rise 同位语从句up and take the management of society out of the hands of the exploiters .第二层:(定语从句1)that 引it 主had produced 谓in him 状(定语从句2)it 主had brought to 谓him 间宾(同位语从句)that 引the world 主could be made 谓 a better place 宾to live in 定if the exploited would rise up and take the man- 状语从句agement of society out of the hands of the exploiters.第三层:(状语从句)if 引the exploited 主would rise up 谓and 连take 谓the management 宾of society 定out of the hands of the exploiters 状要点本句为倒装句。

如果宾语较长或宾语结构比较复杂,往往将宾语后置,采用倒装语序,以使句子保持平衡。

本句的宾语由三个并列的名词构成,且第二和第三个名词后又带有限定性定语从句,故采用倒装语序,将动词poured的宾语放在状语into his writings之后。

all the pain……,the fierce hatred……和the conviction……是poured的三个并列的宾语;其中,第一个that引导的定语从句修饰hatred,it had brought to him修饰conviction,在该定语从句中其关系代词作宾语而被省略;第二个that从句则是conviction的同位语从句。

译文杰克?伦敦在作品中倾注了他一生中所遭受过的一切痛苦,倾诉了这种痛苦在他心中产生的对资产阶级的刻骨仇恨以及由此产生的这样的信念:如果被剥削者起来反抗,从剥削者手中夺回社会管理权,那么世界就会变成一个人人有好日子过的地方。

2. Along with them goes social mobility,ambition to rise in the urban world,a main factor in bringing down the births in Europe in the nineteenth century.分析:Along with them 状goes 谓social 定mobility,主ambition 主to rise in the 定urban world,a main factor 同位语in bringing down the births in Europe in the nineteenth century. 定要点这是一个完全倒装句,主语是social mobility……century,谓语动词是goes.ambition to rise in the urban world 是对social mobility的进一步说明。

a main factor在意思上相当于which is a main factor in……century,修饰ambition to ……world.本句可按原文顺序翻译。

译文伴随他们而来的是社会的流动性,人们强烈地希望在城市里发展,这是19世纪欧洲出生率下降的主要因素。

3. For example,they do not compensate for gross social inequality,and thus do not tell how able an underprivileged youngster might have been had he grown up under more favorable circumstances.要点句中had he grown up …… 是虚拟条件中省略if的倒装结构。

翻译时,要把if的含义译出。

主句为并列谓语…… compensate …… ,and …… tell结构。

句中how引导宾语从句。

虚拟条件句为宾语从句的状语。

根据汉语的表达习惯,条件状语常前置。

译文例如,它们并不弥补明显的社会不公;因此,它们说明不了一个物质条件差的年轻人,如果在较好的环境下成长,会有多大的才干。

4. So involved with their computers do the children become that leaders at summer computer camps often have to force them to break for sports and games.要点本句的基本结构是the children become so involved with their computers that……。

因为把so involved with their computers 放在了句首,所以句子必须倒装。

因为该句的动词是become,所以用do来帮助倒装。

翻译时宜用正装语序。

译文参加计算机夏令营的孩子们对计算机如此着迷,以至夏令营的负责人常常不得不强迫他们停下来参加体育运动或做游戏。

5. As the Internet becomes more and more commercialized,it is in the interest of business to universalize access - after all,the more people online,the more potential customers there are.要点破折号后面的部分是用来解释句子主句的,在结构上是部分倒装句,属(从句)the+比较级……,(主句) the +比较级句型,这样的句子一般主谓不倒装。

翻译时可用正装。

universalize:使普遍化;使通用化。

译文随着国际互联网越来越商业化,普及上网会对商家有利,因为上网的人越多,潜在的顾客数量就越多。

6. Only after studies provided evidence of the harmful effects of such programs has it been possible to modify TV programming policies.要点only是加强语气的词语,位于句首时,主谓语要倒装。

这样的句子一般可按原文顺序翻译。

has it been ……是主句,正装应是it has been……。

译文只有大量调研提供出证据表明此类节目产生不良影响后,电视节目审查政策才有可能改变。

7. Unpopular as red has been in the past at the moment it is a favorite hair style.要点这是一个主从复合句,主句是at the moment it is a favorite hair style.在让步状语从句中,作为表语的unpopular 放在as前面位于句首,构成部分倒装。

形容词+as从句在意思上等于although……,一般翻译成“虽然…”。

注意这个形容词不能放在动词后面,否则整个句子意思不同。

译文虽然过去红色不受欢迎,眼下红色染发剂却备受青睐。

8. Lonely was seeing his daughter only twice a week since the porce.要点这是一个完全倒装句,主语是seeing his daughter……porce.翻译时可正装。

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