英国文学参考资料
英国文学资料English-literature-of-the-renaissance
• Geographical Discoveries (commercial expansion and broadening the mental horizons)
• In the commercial expansion, Spain was the rival with England over the sea. At last a war broke out in 1588. it ended with the rout of the Spanish fleet “Armada”.
Arcadia
• Pastoral, as an adjective, refers to the lifestyle of shepherds and pastoralists, moving livestock around larger areas of land according to seasons and availability of water and food.
• Thomas Wyatt and Surrey were court poets. They are both top-notch aristocrats and their poetry was more representative of the thoughts and feelings of the nobility.
• Then Spenser studied at Cambridge, where she read the classics and italian poets and wrote poems. He received his M.A.degree in 1576.
• In 1579 he wrote The Shepherd’s Calendar, a pastoral poem in twelve books, one for each month of the year.
英国文学复习资料整理
[标签:标题]篇一：英国文学史复习资料整理(1)? historical background: the making of BritainA. Briton (Celtic tribes)B. the Roman Conquest---Roman Briton1th Julius CaesarA.D.43 ClaudiusC. mid-5th Anglo-Saxons (Angles, Saxons, Jutes)Anglo-Saxon periodD. Danish invasionlate 8th, Daneslate 9th, Alfred the Greatthe literaturethe literature of this period falls naturally isto two divisions—pagan and Christianpagan represents the poetry which the Anglo-Saxons probably brought with them in the form of oral sagasChristian represents the writings developed under teaching of the monks..All of the earliest poetry of England was copied by the monks, and seems to have been more or less altered to give it a religious coloring.The angles, an important Teutonis tribe, furnished the name for the new home, which was called Angle-land afterward shortened into England. The language spoken by these tribes is generally called Anglo-Saxon or Saxon.Literary term★Epic: a long narrative poem telling about the deeds of a great hero and reflecting the values of the society from which it originated. Many epics were drawn from an oral tradition and were transmitted by song and recitation before they were written down.(examples: Iliad, Odyssey, Chanson de Roland)2. Beowulf–national epic★the longest and most monument of A-S poems★the oldest surviving epic in British literature.? oral form (6th), earliest written record (7th or 8th)? set in Denmark and SwedenBeowulf1. 3183 lines2. contents:Beowulf centers on the narration of the exploits of the heroic figure beowulf.3 adventuresMonster---GrendelGrendel’s motherfiery dragonTheme: primitive people’s struggle against hostile forces of the natural world under a wise andmighty leader.Beowulf is not simply a man of great military prowess but he is forever eager to help others in distress and in his last adventure with the dragon he shows himself a worthy leader ready to sacrifice his own life for the welfare of his people.Features:＊part-historical and part legendary＊heathen tribal society, feudal elements, Christian coloring ＊A-S or old English; alliteration metaphorIn the year 1066, at the battle of Hastings, the Normans headed by William, Duke of Normandy, defeated the Anglo-Saxons.Brought to England is remarkable for its bright, romantic tales of love and adventure.England literature is also a combination of French and Saxon elements.The three chief effects of the conquest were1. the bringing of Roman civilization to England2. the growth of nationality a strong centralized government, instead of the loose union of Saxon tribes3. the new language and literature were proclaimed in Chaucer1 the Norman conquest accelerated the development of feudalism. ? on land: the ruling class possessed large tracts of land? on society: distinct class division, miseries of peasants? on language: scholar wrote in French and Latin; eiched English.The development of romance and knights’legends★Romance: A long composition, sometimes in verse, sometimes in prose, describing the life and adventures of a noble man. The central character is the Knight, who has a noble birth, is skillful in the use of weapon and devotes to the church or King. The rules governing the manners and morals of a knight are known as chivalry.? Themes of romance:the matter of Britain—king Arthur and his knights of the Round Table (Arthurian romances) the matter of France—Charlemagne and his knights (Chanson deRoland)the matter of Rome—from the Trojan War to Alexander the GreatKing Arthur:＊historical figure of Celts; mythological figure in Welsh literature; ＊legendary hero in? Geoffery of Monmouth: “History of the Kings of Britain”? Layamon: “Brut”? Sir Tomas Malory: “Le Morte D?Arthur”? Anglo-Saxon? Later legends about a hero named Arthur were placed in this period of violence. The invaders were variously Angles, Saxons, Frisians, Jutes, but were similar in culture and eventually identified themselves indifferently as Angles or Saxons.The most outstanding single romance on the Arthurian legend—―Sir Gawain and the Green Knight‖(four sections)a.The fight between Sir Gawain and the Green Knight at King Arthur?s Christmas feast.b. Gawain?s adventures on the way to find the Green Knight of the Green Chapel篇二：英国文学史及选读__复习要点总结《英国文学史及选读》第一册复习要点1. Beowulf: national epic of the English people; Denmark story; alliteration, metaphors and understatements （此处可能会有填空，选择等小题）2. Romance （名词解释）3. “Sir Gawain and the Green Knight”: a famous roman about King Arthur’s story4. Ballad（名词解释）5. Character of Robin Hood6. Geoffrey Chaucer: founder of English poetry; The Canterbury Tales (main contents; 124 stories planned, only 24 finished; written in Middle English; significance; form: heroic couplet)7. Heroic couplet (名词解释)8. Renaissance（名词解释）9.Thomas More——Utopia10. Sonnet（名词解释）11. Blank verse（名词解释）12. Edmund Spenser“The Faerie Queene”13. Francis Bacon “essays”esp. “Of Studies”（推荐阅读，学习写正式语体的英文文章的好参照，本文用词正式优雅，多排比句和长句，语言造诣非常高，里面很多话都可以引用做格言警句，非常值得一读）14. William Shakespeare四大悲剧比较重要，此外就是罗密欧与朱立叶了，这些剧的主题，背景，情节，人物形象都要熟悉，当然他最重要的是Hamlet这是肯定的。
英美文学必读书目
高等学校英语专业教学大纲（20００)学生阅读参考书目一、英国文学1.Kinｇslｅy Aｍis－－-Luｃky Jｉm《幸运得吉姆》2.Jane Austｅｎ-——Ｐride and Ｐrｅjudｉce《傲慢与偏见》，Ｓense ａｎd Ｓenｓibilｉty《理智与情感》,Emｍa《爱玛》,Lady Susan《苏珊太太》,Ｌoｖe and Friendship 《爱情与友谊》，Mansfield Paｒｋ《曼斯菲尔德庄园》,Pｅrｓuasioｎ《劝导》,North ａnｇer Abbeｙ《诺桑觉寺》3.ArnolｄBeｎnetｔ-—-TｈｅOｌｄＷives’ Tale 《老妇人得故事》4.Elizabeth Bｏwen－-—TｈｅＤeatｈof the Heａrt《心之死》5.Charｌoｔte Ｂrｏnte——－Jａne Eyre《简·爱》6.ＥmilyＢronte-—-Wutherｉng Ｈeightｓ《呼啸山庄》7.AnｔhonｙＢuｒgesｓ—－－A Clｏckwoｒk Orａnｇe 《发条椅子》8.Ｓamuel Butleｒ—--The Ｗay oｆAll Flｅsh《众生之路》9.A、S、Ｂyatt－-－Ｐosseｓsion 《占有》10.Lｅwis Ｃａｒｒｏｌl-—－Aｌicｅ’s Adｖｅnｔures in Wonｄerland《爱丽丝仙境历险记》11.Aｎgela Ｃarｔｅr－－-Tｈｅpａnｙof Wolvｅs《狼之一族》12.AｇａtｈａＣhristiｅ-—－Murder ｏn the Orｉent Eｘｐrｅss《东方快车谋杀案》13.Ivy pton—Bｕrｎett—--ＡFａmily aｎｄａForｔunｅ《家庭与财富》14.Joseｐh Conｒａd-——Ｈeart of Darkneｓs《黑暗得心》, Lｏrd Jim《吉姆爷》15.Ｄａｎｉｅl Deｆoe—－－Roｂinson Cｒusoe《鲁滨逊漂游记》16.ChａrｌeｓDickeｎs—－-David Copｐeｒfｉeld 《大卫·科波菲尔》A Chｒiｓtｍas Ｃarol 《圣诞欢歌》A Cｈild’ｓＨistoｒy of Ｅｎglanｄ《写给孩子瞧得英国历史》A Tal ｅof Two Citｉeｓ《双城记》Ａmeｒican Ｎoｔes《旅美札记》Ｐictureｓfrom Italｙ《意大利风光》ＢｌeaｋHousｅ《荒凉山庄》Ｃｈｉmes 《钟声》Dａvid Ｃｏppe ｒfieｌd 《大卫·科波菲尔》Doｍbｙand Son《董贝父子》Gｒeat Exｐeｃｔatiｏns 《远大前程》Hard Timｅs《艰难时世》17.SｉｒArthuｒC、Dｄyle———Ａdvｅnturｅｏf Sｈeｒlock Holmeｓ《福尔摩斯历险记》18.Ｍａrgarｅt Draｂｂle－-－TｈｅWateｒfall《瀑布》19.DａphnｅＤu Ｍaurier—－－Ｒｅbeｃca《蝴蝶梦》20.George Eliot—－—Midｄleｍaｒch《米德尔马契》21.E、M、Forsｔｅr-—－Howarｄs Eｎd《霍华德庄园》, A Pａssage ｔo Ｉndｉa《印度之旅》22.John Fowｌes-－－The French Ｌieutｅｎａnt’s Woman《法国中尉得女人》23.John Gaｌｓwoｒthy－－-Ｔhe Man of Ｐropeｒty 《财主》24.WillｉaｍＧoldinｇ-—－Ｌｏｒｄｏf the Flies 《蝇王》25.GrａhaｍＧreｅｎe-——ThｅHuｍａn Facｔｏr《成事在人》26.Thomas Hardy———Tess ｏf the Ｄ’Uｒbervｉlleｓ《苔丝》, Jｕde ｔｈe Obｓcurｅ《无名得裘德》27.Aｌdous Huｘlｅy－—-Afｔer ManｙａＳummer《许多个夏天之后》28.Henry James-－-Ｄaisy Ｍillｅr《戴茜·米勒》29.Jａｍｅs Joyce—-—ＡPortrait oｆthe Artist as a Ｙｏung Man《青年艺术家画像》,Ulyssｅs《尤利西斯》30.Rｕｄyａｒd Kｉｐling——-Kim《金姆》31.Cｈarｌes Lamb—－—Tales fｒｏm Shaｋespeａrｅ《莎士比亚故事集》32.D、Ｈ、Laｗrence—-—Ｓons and Loveｒs 《儿子与情人》33.John Le Caｒrｅd-—－TheＳpy Ｗho Cａme iｎｆroｍthe Cold《冷战谍魂》34.Dorｉs Ｌessinｇ－-－Tｈe Gｒａｓs IｓＳｉngiｎｇ《野草在歌唱》35.DａviｄＬodge—-－Nice Work《好工作》36.W、Somｅrset Mａugｈａm--－The Mｏon anｄSixｐence《月亮与六便士》, OfHuman Bonｄage《人性得枷锁》37.Iris Mｕrｄdocｈ－——Ｔｈe Ｂlack Prinｃｅ《黑王子》38.GｅｏrｇｅOｒwｅll－--Nineｔeｅn Ｅighty-Fｏuｒ《1984》39.Saｌman Ruｓhdｉe—－—Ｍｉdnight Chｉｌdrｅn《午夜得孩子》40.Ｓir Walter Scott—--Ivanｈｏｅ《艾凡赫》41.C、P、Snｏｗ－——ＴhｅAffair《丑闻》42.Muｒiel Spａrk--－Ｔhe Prｉｍe of Miss Jean Brｏdｉe《简·布罗迪小姐得青春》43.RoｂertＬouiｓStevenson-—－Tｒeasure Islａnd《金银岛》44.Jｏnathan Ｓwｉｆt-－-Gulliver’ｓTravels《格列佛游记》45.Ｗｉlliam Ｍ、Thackｅrａy—--VanｉtｙＦａir《名利场》46.Eｖelyn Waugh－--A Handful of Ｄｕst《一掬尘土》47.H、Ｇ、Weｌｌs-—－Ｔhe Iｎｖｉsible Ｍan 《隐形人》48.OｓcaｒＷｉｌｄｅ-－-ThｅPｉctｕre of Dorian Grａy 《道利·格雷得肖像》49.Viｒgｉnia Wooｌf－－－MrｓDalｌoway《黛洛维夫人》，Ｔo tｈe Ｌighthouse《到灯塔去》二、美国文学1.Ｓhｅrwood Aｎderson-—－Wｉnesbuｒg，Ohio《小城畸人》2.James Bａｌdwiｎ——-ＧｏＴell It ｏn tｈe Moｕｎtaiｎ《高山上得呼喊》3.Saul Ｂｅlloｗ—--Seize ｔｈe Day《勿失良辰》，Ｈｅnderson tｈｅＲaｉｎKｉｎg《雨王韩德森》4.Ｗｉllａm S、Ｂuｒｒｏughｓ-－—Tｈe Naked Luｎch 《裸体午餐》5.Wilｌa Ｃatｈｅｒ－—-MｙAntonia 《我得安东尼亚》6.Kaｔe Chopiｎ－--TheＡｗａkenｉng《觉醒》7.StephｅｎＣｒane－－—TｈｅＲed Badge oｆCｏｕraｇe 《红色英勇勋章》8.Thｅoｄore Ｄreiseｒ—-—SisteｒＣａrrie《嘉莉妹妹》，ＡnＡmericａｎＴragｅdy《美国悲剧》9.Ｒalph Eｌlｉｓｏｎ-—-Inｖｉsible Man《隐形人》10.William Fａulｋneｒ——－ＧｏDowｎ，Moseｓ《去吧，摩西》,Ｔhe Sound andtｈe Fury《喧哗与骚动》11.F、Scott Fiｔzgeｒald--－Tｈe Gｒeａt Gａtsby 《伟大得盖茨比》12.Ａlex Ｈalｅy—-—Rｏots 《根》13.ＮａｔhanieｌHaｗthｏrne-—-ＴheＳｃarlｅt Lｅtter《红字》14.Joｓeph Ｈｅlleｒ—－－Catch-２2 《22条军规》15.ErnesｔHeｍｉngｗay—--The SuｎAlso Risｅs《太阳照常升起》, ThｅOld Ｍaｎａｎd thｅSea《老人与海》16.James Joｎｅｓ－—-Frｏm Hｅｒe ｔo Eternｉｔｙ《乱世忠魂》17.MaxｉnｅＨong Kiｎgｓton—-—The Woｍan Waｒriｏr《女勇士》18.Harper lｅe-－－To Kｉlｌ a Mockｉngbird《杀死一只知更鸟》19.Ｓiｎcｌair Ｌewis－—-MainＳtrｅｅｔ《大街》20.JaｃｋLondoｎ－--The Calｌof the Wｉｌd 《野性得呼唤》MarｔiｎEden《马丁·伊登》21.Ｎorman Ｍａｉleｒ——-The Nakeｄand the Dead《裸者与死者》22.CａｒsｏｎMcCuｌlｅrs -－-Ｔｈe Heaｒt ＩｓａLonｅly Ｈｕnter 《寂寞得心》或《心就是孤独得猎手》23.ＪameｓA、Micheｎｅr--—Cenｔennｉａl24.Margaret Mｉtcheｌl-——Ｇｏｎe withｔhe Wｉｎd 《乱世佳人》25.Tｏni Mｏrｒisｏn-－－Ｔhe Blｕest Ｅye 《最蓝得眼睛》26.Vlａdimｉr Nabokｏｖ-—-Ｌoｌｉtａ《洛丽塔》27.Fraｎk Noｒris-—-The Octopｕs《章鱼》28.J、Ｄ、Ｓalｉngｅｒ－--The Cａtchｅrｉn tｈｅRye《麦田里得守望者》29.Eriｃh Seｇaｌ－—-Man,Woman and Child 《男人、女人与孩子》30.Uptｏn Ｓiｎclａiｒ—-－The Jungｌｅ《丛林》31.John Steinbeck--—The GrａpesｏｆＷｒath《愤怒得葡萄》32.Haｒrｉｅt Bｅecher Stｏwe-—-UnclｅTom's Caｂin《汤姆叔叔得小屋》33.ＷilliａｍStyroｎ——－Ｓｏphie’ｓChoice《苏菲得抉择》34.MａrｋTwaｉn--－The Adventuｒesｏf Huckｌeｂｅｒry Fｉnn《哈克贝利·费恩历险记》The Pｒｉnｃｅaｎd tｈe Pａuper《王子与贫儿》35.Alｉce Wａlker——－Tｈe Color Puｒｐle《紫色》36.Robeｒt Ｐenn Waｒren———Aｌl the King＇ｓMｅn《国王班底》37.Edith Ｗｈａrtｏn－－-Ｔhe Aｇｅｏf Innｏcｅnce《纯真年代》38.Tｈｏｒnton Wildｅr—－-The Bｒidge of San Ｌuis Rey 《圣路易斯雷得大桥》39.ThomaｓWolfｅ—--Look Hｏmeward, Aｎｇｅl《天使,望故乡》40.Ｈermａn Ｗouk－—-The Winｄs oｆWar《战争风云》41.Rｉｃｈaｒd Wｒｉｇht—-—Nａtiｖe Ｓｏｎ《土生子》42.ＬouisａＭａy Aｌcｏtt－-- Lｉttle Wｏmen 《小妇人》三、加拿大文学1.Ｍorley Ｃａｌlaghan—-—Thａt Summｅr iｎPａriｓ2.Northrop Fｒｙe－-－ＴhｅＧreａt Ｃodｅ3.ＭargａreｔLaurence---Ｔｈe Ｓtｏne Angel4.Steｐｈen Leａｃocｋ—--Suｎshine Skｅtchｅs of a Little Town5.Ｍaｌcolm Lｏwｒy---ＵｎdｅrｔhｅVoｌcaｎｏ6.Hugh Maclennan——-Ｔhe Wａｔch Ｔhａt Ends the Night7.L、M、Montgoｍerｙ-－-Ａnｎe of Ｇreen Gables四、澳大利亚文学1.Martin Ｂoyd-－-Lucinda Ｂｒayｆord2.Petｅr Carey-—-Ｏscar ａndＬucｉnｄa3.Mｉles Franklｉn—－－My BrilliａｎｔＣarｅeｒ4.Thoｍａs Ｋeｎeally－—-Ｓhiｎdler’s Arｋ5.Aｌex Ｍillｅr——-Tｈe ＡnceｓtoｒGaｍe6.Hｅnry Hanｄel Rｉchaｒdson－—-ThｅFortuｎes of RicｈarｄMahｏny7.Christina Stｅad———Tｈe MaｎWho LoveｄCｈilｄｒeｎ8.Rａndolｐh Stow—--To thｅＩslａnds9.Pａtrick White-－—Ｖoｓｓ, The Tree of Maｎ五、中国文化1.Yung Minｇ—-—MｙLｉfe in Chｉna ａnd America2.ChianｇMonlin-—-Tｉdes fｒｏｍthe Weｓt3.Tcheng Ki Toｎg———Ｔhe CｈiｎesｅPainｔｅｄby Tｈemｓelｖeｓ4.Ku Ｈung Ming—-—The Spｉrit of tｈe Cｈinese People5.FeｉＨsiao Tunｇ－—-PｅasanｔLiｆeｉn Ｃｈinａ6.ＬiｎＹu Tａng－－-My Cｏuntｒｙand My Peｏple7.ＡRetrosｐectiｖe of Chiｎｅｓe Liｔeratｕrｅ：CｌassicalＰoｅtｒｙ8. A Rｅtrospｅｃｔｉｖe of Chinese Literａture:Clasｓiｃａl Prosｅ9.A Retrosｐｅctｉve ｏｆＣｈｉnese Ｌiｔｅｒａｔｕrｅ：ClassｉcaｌFictiｏn10. A Retｒoｓｐectivｅof Cｈinese Ｌiｔerａｔuｒｅ: MｏderｎPｏetry11. A Ｒｅtｒｏspective ｏf Chｉｎese Litｅrａture：MoｄerｎPｒoｓe12. A Retroｓpectiｖe oｆＣhinese Litｅｒaｔure：MｏdｅrnＦicｔionＮote: Works ｉn reｄare nｏt in theｒemｅndｅd list、。
英国文学学习资料
英国文学学习资料Unit 2Sonnet 181.What is the theme of the sonnet?The poet writes beautifully on the conventional theme that his poetry will bring eternity to the one he loves and eulogizes.2.What does the poet mean by the last two lines? What is the role of the last six lines?The last two lines mean “you will not lose your own beauty, nor shall Death boast that you roam about in his darkness; so long as men can stay alive, so long as this poem lives, it gives you eternal life.” The sestet provides a major “turning” in the sonnet and answers the question raised earlier: Shall I compare thee to a summer’s day? The answer is: a nice summer’s day is usually transient, but the beauty in poetry is eternal.ment on the humanist idea expressed in the sonnet.In this sonnet Shakespeare expresses a very bold idea: beauty can rely on the force of literature to reach their eternity; literature is created by man, thus it declares man’s eternity. This idea is not only possessed by Shakespeare. It is a spark of the European Renaissance movement. Under the harsh religious control on the medieval period, man was not a great being, an eternal being, but rather a being of born sin. Now there rises a vigorous commercial class of bourgeoisie, strongly attacking the feudal ideas and declaring things created by man are eternal. This historical circumstance gave the sonnet a particular deep and rich meaning. The emphatic tone of the poem shows the mighty self-confidence of the newly-arisen class. And the vivid variable and rich images reflect the lively and adventurous spirits of those who were opening new space, creating new world.Unit 3Of Marriage and Single Life1. Is marriage an impediment or help to one’s career development?I think it just depends. Good marriages usually lead to good results and bad marriages may lead to bad results. Of course, there are cases in which bad marriages lead to good results if the two make good their own folly or one helps the other overcome (get rid of) his/her shortcomings.2. In what sense are wife and children “a kind of discipline of humanity”?A married man knows how to love, and how to respond to love. By contrast, a single man’s tenderness is not often called upon. Loving husbands commonly have grave and constant natures. Wives are young men’s mistresses, companions for middle age, and old men’s nurses. A man may have a good reason to marry when he will. Bad husbands can become good husbands under the influence of good wives. If a woman persists in choosing a bad man for her husband against their friends’ consent, she is sure to be able to help him to get rid of his shortcomings (folly).3. Bacon prefers marriage to single life. Do you find his arguments convincing?Bacon neglected one important aspect of a married life. Not only do the couple share the common ground, but each of them is an independent being, who has his/her own space for development. One cannot impose ideas upon the other. Bacon’s words incline people to think a woman is just something helpful to a man and attached to a man. A woman just acts according to what a man says and does. That means women are passive and men are active. A woman should think and act from a female perspective in many cases.Of Studies1. We are now living in the age of “information explosion”. What lessons can we learn from Bacon’s “Of Studies” in our access to information?According to Bacon, the general counsels, and the plots and marshaling of affairs, come best from those that are learned. That is to say, right decisions and judgments over important matters are based upon comprehensive knowledge which is acquired by studies. Without a wide range of knowledge, a person cannot digest information, analyze information and take timely measures accordingly.2. In what sense does reading make a full man.Studies serve for delight, for ornament, and for abilities. But the general counsels, and the plots and marshaling of affairs, come best from those that are learned. Studies perfect nature, and is perfected by experience. There is no stond or impediment in the wit but may be wrought out by fit studies. Studies can train (shape) a person’s character and make up a person’s deficiencies. Every defect of the mind may have a special receipt.3. What does the essay deal with?This essay analyzes what studies chiefly serve for, the different ways adopted by different people to pursue studies, and how studies exert influence over human character.4. What do you think of the language of the essay?The essay is peculiar for its clearness, brevity, and force of expression. The sentences are short, pointed, incisive, and of balanced structures. Conciseness of expression and simplic ity of diction are two chief distinguishing features of the prose style of Bacon who was among the earliest of English essayists.Unit 4Analysis 1John Donne’s, “The Flea,” is a persuasive poem in which the speaker is attempting to establish a sexual union with his significant other. However, based on the woman’s rejection, the speaker twists his argument, making that which he requests seem insignificant. John Donne brings out and shapes this meaning through his collaborative use of conceit, rhythm, and rhyme scheme. In the beginning, Donne uses the flea as a conceit, to represent a sexual union with his significant other. For instance, in the first stanza a flea bites the speaker and woman. He responds to this incident by saying, “And in this flea our bloods mingled be.”He is suggesting that they are united in this flea and, thus, would equally be united in intimacy（性行为）. In addition, he states, “This flea is you and I, and this our marria ge bed, and marriage temple is.”The speaker is suggesting that through the flea the two are married. Again, the flea represents marriage, union, and consummation（完成，圆满，完美）through intimacy. However, the woman crushes the flea, thus, refusing his request, and states that neither she nor he is weakened by its death.Based on her reaction, the speaker states, “Tis true...Just so much honor, when they yield’st to me, Will waste, as this flea’s death took life from thee.”In other words, he twists his argument to make the point that the woman will lose as much giving herself to him as she lost killing the flea - NOTHING! Secondly, Donne’s use of rhythm aids in shaping the poem’s meaning. The poem has alternating lines of iambic tetrameter（四步）and pentameter. However, Donne varies this rhythm to create emphasis on particular words or phrases. For instance, in the first stanza he states, “Mark but this flea, and mark in this.”Instead of beginning with an unstressed word or syllable as in iambic, Donne stresses the word “Mark.”This is important in accentuating his argument. In this same phrase, he uses a pyrrhic（抑抑格）foot over “but” and “this” so stre ss can be placed over the word “flea.”Again, the flea is a n important part of the speaker’s argument and emphasis is placed accordingly.Finally, Donne’s rhyme scheme plays an important part in the meaning. All twenty-seven lines of the poem follow the aabbccddd rhyme scheme. This consistency in pattern re flects the speaker’s persistence as he proceeds with his request for intimacy throughout the poem.Analysis 2The Flea by Jo hn Donne Incomplete Essay Donne’s poem “The Flea” appears to be a love poem, a dedication from a male suitor to his lady of honor, who repudiates to yield to his lustful desires. In this poem, the speaker tries to seduce a young woman by comparing the consequences of their lovemaking with those of an insignificant fleabite. He uses the flea as an argument to exemplify that the physical relationship he desires is not in itself a momentous event, because a similar unification has already taken place within the flea. In the stanza 1, the speaker creates likeness between the fleabite and lovemaking. I interpreted the first two lines, “Mark but this flea, and mark in this, How little that, which thou deny’st me, is;” to mean that the woman doesn’t reject the flea entrée to her body, yet she denies the advancements of the speaker. Then the speaker shows the similarities between their lovemaking and the mingling of their blood within the flea. “It sucked me first, and now sucks thee, And in this flea our two bloods mingled be.” This argument shows the woman that the same physical exchange, which takes place between her and a flea, is the same type of union that he has in mind. In lines 5-6 ofstanza 1 the speaker persuades the woman that their act could not be considered a sin because a fleabite isn’t considered one. This act could not be considered a loss of innocence because it is so common that if it were to be true, nearly everyone would have lost his or her innocence. Therefore this lady should not be troubled about giving herself to him before they marry, because their only act is the mixing of their blood. The poet introduces the idea of the baby in the final lines of stanza 1. “And pampered swells with one blood made of two, And this, alas! Is more than we would do.” This line describes the physical changes that happen to a fle a’s body after it fills with blood. The flea is now considering the baby produced by their bloods.In the second stanza the speaker asks the women to spare the life of the flea because if she kills it she would kill three lives as well. Not only that, the flea (the baby) has joined them eternally, the same way marriage would join them. “Oh stay, three lives in one flea spare, Where we almost, yea more than, married are. This flea is you and I, and this Our marriage bed and marriage temple is.” Since they h ave already the marital bond, making love would not be considered a sin. Lines 14 and 15 of stanza 2, “Though parents grudge, and you, we are met, and cloistered in these living walls of jet,” describes how her parents do not accept that what he says is marriage. But last lines of stanza 2, the speaker argues that if she kills the flee she would be committing murder. “Though use make you apt to kill me, Let not to that, self-murder added be, And sacrilege, three sins in killing three.” She would kill the symbolic marriage realm and the baby. In addition to those murders, she would be killing herself.In the last stanza, the woman has killed the flea and in doing so she has killed the child. “Cr uel and sudden, hast thou since purpled thy nail in blood of innocence?” The speaker then brings up the point that the child is innocent and all the baby did wrong was choosing her as a mother. “Wherein could this flea guilty be, Except in that drop which it sucked from thee?” The next two lines indicate that she is happy, but the speaker says that she should not. “Y et thou triumph’st, and say’st that thou Find’st not thyself, nor me, the weaker now.” She should not be cheerful because her choice to kill le d to her loss of innocence. And the speaker ends the argument in the subtext of the third stanza saying that since she has already los s her innocence by killing the flea, she might as well give into him because she cannot lose her innocence again. “The Fl ea” by John Donne, an English poet and clergyman, was one of the greatest metaphysical poets. His poetry was marked by conceits and lush imagery. The Flea is an excellent example of how he was able to establish a parallel between two very different things. Donne adopts a cynical and rather flippant tone towards his woman, using his wit to try to belittle and overcome her moral arguments for immediate pleasure.ConceitConceit, an unusually far-fetched or elaborate metaphor or simile presenting a surprisingly apt parallel between two apparently dissimilar things or feelings. Under Petrarchan influence, European poetry of the Renaissance cultivated fanciful comparisons and conceits to a high degree of ingenuity, either as the basis for whole poems or as an incidental decorative device. Poetic conceits are prominent in Elizabethan love sonnets, in metaphysical poetry, and in the French dramatic verse of Corneille（高乃依，法国17世纪剧作家）and Racine（拉辛，法国17世纪剧作家）. Conceits often employ the devices of hyperbole, paradox, and oxymoron.1. Why does the poet say that “this cannot be said a sin, or shame, or loss of maidenhead”?T he woman doesn’t reject the flea entrée to her body, yet she denies the advancements of t he speaker. The speaker shows the similarities between their lovemaking and the mingling of their blood within the flea. “It sucked me first, and now sucks thee, And in this flea our two bloods mingled be.” This argument shows the woman that the same physi cal exchange, which takes place between her and a flea, is the same type of union that he has in mind. Their act could not be considered a sin because a fleabite isn’t considered one. This act could not be considered a loss of innocence because it is so common that if it were to be true, nearly everyone would have lost his or her innocence. Therefore this lady should not be troubled about giving herself to him before they marry, because their only act is the mixing of their blood.2. What do you think is the addressee’s parents’ attitude toward the poet’s wooing?Lines 14 and 15 of stanza 2, “Though parents grudge, and you, we are met, and cloistered in these living walls of jet,” describes how her parents do not accept that what he says is marriage. Her parents are against such a marriage.3. What is the real purpose of the poet to say that in killing the flea “thou” are actually killing three lives?Three lives refer to you, me and the flea (implying our baby). The speaker argues that if she kills the flee she would be committing murder. She would kill the symbolic marriage realm and the baby. In addition to those murders, she would be killing herself. When the flea is killed, the speaker purposefully turns to another argument. The killing has done no harm tothem. Likewise, their secret union will do no harm to them. They should not worry about their union. Their fears are false.Death, Be Not Proudment on the poem.This poem reveals the aut hor’s belief in life after death. Here death is compared to rest or sleep. Death is but momentary while happiness after death is eternal. This religious idea is curiously expressed in the author’s supposed dialogue with “death”, as various reasons are given in the poem against the common belief in death as “mighty and dreadful”. According to the author, “death” is a slave and will die. The sonnet was a typical work of the school of metaphysical poetry.2.How do you understand lines 5-8?Apparently, Donne is saying that relaxation and slumber are desirable things in life, and death offers human beings eternal “rest” and “sleep”, and therefore “much pleasure”. By saying “which but thy pictures be”, Donne refers to the fact that our image of Death is rest and sle ep. Of course, all men and women, not just the “best men”, eventually walk with Death. Donne means to say that even the best among us will perish in the end. No one is safe, but that’s not necessarily the way to look it. Death is not something we should fear, for it is part of a natural cycle. It is the preface to our final sleep, which offers “freedom” (and final delivery) for the soul. Here Donne is implying that our life offers only imprisonment for the soul, and in this sense Death would be more powerful.Paradise Lost1.Where is the story taken from? Tell the story briefly.The story is taken from the Old Testament. Satan and other angels rebel against God, but they are defeated and driven from Heaven into Hell. Even amidst the furnace of Hell, Satan is determined to fight back. He assumes the shape of a snake and comes to the Garden of Eden, a paradise where Adam and Eve live. God, after knowing Satan’s plot, sends the Archangel Raphael to warn Adam and Eve of Satan. However, Satan still succeeds in seducing Eve to eat the fruit from the Tree of Knowledge, which has been totally forbidden by God. As a result, Adam and Eve are exiled by God from the paradise and thereafter live a life full of hardship.2.The general subject（总的主题）is briefly stated in Book I, from which the excerpt is taken. What is the general subject? The general subject is man’s disobedience and the loss thereupon of Paradise, with its prime cause, Satan, who, having revolted from God, has been driven out of heaven. Satan is represented with his angels, lying on the burning lake of hell. He awakens his legions, comforts them, and summons a council. Pandemonium, the palace of Satan, is built.mon on the character of Satan in Book I of Paradise Lost?Satan in Book I is in some ways an appealing figure. Most of us admire the rebel, especially the rebel who will not bow down to another even in defeat. He is a good military leader. And when he feels sorrow at the sad plight（状态）of those he had led to so terrible a punishment, we cannot but sympathize with his state of mind. Satan is at the most notable in Book I because he has about him the last flickers（闪烁）of heavenly radiance（光辉）, the traces of his ruined greatness. There is undoubtedly something thrilling as he summons up his defeated powers, c ollects together the scattered legions （军团）of the lost angels, addresses them with words of defiance of God, and draws forth response of militaristic（穷兵黩武的）assent as his troops “Clashed on their sounding shields the din of war, / Hurling defiance towards th e vault of heaven.” But even in Book I the effects of his sin are beginning to show. He blusters（吓唬，狂吹）. He presents the commonest excuse the wrongdoer who has failed can make: he says more than once that he had no way of knowing God was so strong when he rebelled since no one had ever tried His strength. He lies when he claims to have emptied Heaven, for only a third of the angels rebelled. In spite of the terrible defeat he has just suffered, he refuses to acknowledge the power of God. He will continue the battle, even though he should realize that all he can get out of his fight is further pain for himself and for his fellows. For all this self-delusion（自欺）, however, Satan’s defiance of the Divine Will is indispensable to the continuance of his identity, a predicament that raises him to tragic status.4. Where are the serpent and his followers condemned after their defeat?They are driven from Heaven into hell.5. What are the God’s punishments for those rebellious angels as described by Milton in lines 59-74?Satan looks around and finds himself in a horrible dungeon. There is a great furnace in the dungeon. What is burning is sulfur, with flames, but without light. Through the visible darkness, he can discover sights of woe, regions of sorrow,mournful shades, where peace and rest can never live. Hope goes everywhere except to this place. It is such a place as Eternal Justice had prepared for those rebels. It is far away from God and light of Heaven.6. What is considered by Satan as “ignominy” and “shame” (line 115)?To bow and sue for grace with suppliant knee and deify his power. To give in to God, to fall down on one’s knees to beg for mercy submissively, worship God’s power, become scared for God’s authority and power, lose confidence.7. What is Satan advising the serpent and his followers to do in this part of Paradise Lost?He is defeated in the battle against God, but he does not lose heart. He w ill not bow down to God. Instead, he is advising the serpent and followers to rise up again and fight another battle.Unit 5* 辉格党(Whig)和托利党(Tory)是17世纪末在英国出现的两个正在形成中的政党。
英国文学史复习资料
英国文学史复习资料
以下是一些关于英国文学史的复习资料：
1. 《英国文学的发展与演变》（The Development and Evolution of British Literature）：这本书提供了英国文学史的全面概述，从中世纪到现代不同时期的文学作品和文学流派都有介绍。
2. 《英国文学史导论》（Introduction to British Literary History）：这本导论书通过对英国文学史的重要事件、作家和作品进行深入讲解，帮助读者理解英国文学的演变和发展。
3. 《英国文学史简明教程》（A Short History of English Literature）：这本书以简明清晰的语言介绍了英国文学史的重要内容，包括不同时期的文学作品和重要作家的生平和作品。
4. 网络资源：有许多网站提供关于英国文学史的资料和学
术文章，如英国文学史学术网站、大学的文学部门网站等。
你可以在搜索引擎上搜索英国文学史相关的关键词，找到
适合你的学习资料。
5. 学术论文和专著：在学术期刊和图书馆中，你可以找到
许多针对英国文学史的研究论文和专著，这些都是深入了
解英国文学史的重要资源。
无论使用哪种资料，重要的是要有系统地学习和复习英国
文学史，理解各个时期的文学作品和文学流派的特点和发
展趋势，同时熟悉一些重要的作家和作品。
专八复习英国文学资料整理(比较齐全)
蒲柏1688-1744
18世纪文学领军人物
An Essay on Criticism论批评;
The Rape of the Lock卷发遇劫记; An Essay on Man人论;Pastorals田园诗集; Windsor Fores t温莎林; The Duncial愚人志;Moral Essays道德论; Epistle to Dr Arbuthnot与阿布斯诺博士书
Robert Southey骚塞
Joan of Arc Wat Tyler
George Gordon Byron
乔治·拜伦1788-1824
名诗：She Walks in Beauty;
When We Two Parted; Hebrew Melodies;
Harold’s Pilgrimage恰罗德·哈罗德游记; Don Juan唐·璜The Vision of JudgementHours of Idliness懒散的时刻;English Bords and Scottish Reviewers英国诗人与苏格兰评论家;Childe Ode to the Framers of the Frame-bill编织机法案编制者颂;Oriental Tales东方叙事诗(The Bride of Abydos阿比道斯的新娘;The Corsa海盗;The Siege of Corinth柯林斯之围);Manfred曼弗雷德;The Age of Bronze青铜世纪;
Part 5. Romanticism in England
William Wordsworth
威廉·华兹华斯1770-1850
I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud;The Solitary Reaper孤寂的刈麦人);The Prelude序曲
英国文学简史复习资料(整理版)
I. Old English Literature & the Late Medieval Ages<Beowulf>贝奥武夫:the national epic of the Anglo-SaxonsGeoffrey Chaucer 杰弗里•乔叟1340(?)~1400The father of English poetry.①<The Canterbury Tales>坎特伯雷故事集：first time to use ‘heroic couplet’(双韵体) by middle English②<Troilus and Criseyde>特罗伊拉斯和克莱希德③ <The House of Fame>声誉之宫II The Renaissance PeriodA period of drama and poetry. The Elizabethan drama is the real mainstreamof the English Renaissance.Renaissance: the activity, spirit, or time of the great revival of art, literature, and learning in Europe beginning in the 14th century and extending to the 17th century, marking the transition from the medieval to the modern world.Three historical events of the Renaissance – rebirth or revival:1.new discoveries in geography and astrology2.the religious reformation and economic expansion3.rediscovery of ancient Roman and Greek cultureThe most famous dramatists:Christopher MarloweWilliam ShakespeareBen Johnson.William Shakespeare威廉•莎士比亚1564~1616①Historical plays:Henry VI 亨利六世; Henry IV : Richard III 查理三世; Henry V ；Richard II；Henry VIII②Four Comedies: <As You Like It>皆大欢喜; <Twelfth Night>第十二夜;< A Midsummer Night’S Dream>仲夏夜之梦;<Merchant Of Venice>威尼斯商人③Four Tragedies: <Hamlet>哈姆莱特; <Othello>奥赛罗;<King Lear>李尔王; <Macbeth>麦克白④Shakespeare Sonnet :154 <The Sonnets>Three quatrain and one couplet, ababcdcdefefggA sonnet is a lyric consisting of 14 lines, usually iniambic pentameter restricted to a definition rhyme scheme.⑤the comedy of errors 错中错，Titus Andronicus泰特斯·安特洛尼克斯，The Taming of the shrew 驯悍记Love's labour's lost （爱的徒劳）Romeo and Juliet 罗密欧与朱丽叶Much ado about nothing（无事生非）The merry wives of Windsor. 温莎的风流娘们King John 约翰王All's well that ends well 终成眷属Measure for measure（一报还一报）Bacon: Of Studies;Of Beauty; Of Marriage and Single Life EnglishBourgeois Revolution，<The Advancement of Learning>学术的推进III：the period of the English bourgeois revolution.Milton：1608~1674Paradise Lost; Samson Agonistes (力士参孙);On the morning of Christ’s Nativity，<Paradise Regained>复乐园<On His Blindness>我的失明<Areopagitica>论出版自由<The Defence of the English People>为英国人民声辩Bunyan: 1628~1688①Religionary Allegory:<The Pilgrim’s Progress>天路历程Grace Abounding to the Chief of Sinner;the Holy WarJohn Don: the Metaphysical poet(玄学派诗人).Metaphysical Poetry(玄学诗)：（用语）the diction is simple, the imagery is from the actual, (形式)the form is frequently an argument with the poet’s beloved, with god, or with himself.（主题：love, religious, thought）The Flea; 跳蚤Forbbiding Mourning，Songs And Sonnets歌与十四行诗，emergent occasions 突变引起的诚念Hely sonnetsIV The 18th Century：EnlightenmentA revival of interest in the old classical works, order, logic, restrained emotion(抑制情感) and accuracyThe Age of Enlightenment/Reason:the movement was a furtherance of the Renaissance of the 15th and 16th centries, a progressive intellectual movement, reason(rationality), equality&science(the 18th century)小说崛起：In the mid-century, the newly literary form, modern English novel rised(realistic novel现实主义小说)Gothic novel(哥特式小说)：mystery, horror, castles(from middle part to the end of century)Jonathan Swift乔纳森•斯威夫特1667~1745（十八世纪杰出的政论家和讽刺小说家a master satirist。
英国文学资料
一、主要文学流派和重大历史事件1.The Old English period1)The only organic whole poem to come out of the Anglo-Saxon period.2)epic(史诗).3)The story takes place in Scandinavia, there is no mention of England.2.The middle English period中世纪文学1)Popular folk literature2)Romance代表作：《Sir Gawain and the Green Knight》3.The English Renaissance文艺复兴时期文学1)Poetry2)Drama3)Prose代表作：Thomas More《Utopia》;William Shakespeare是文艺复兴时期最杰出的作家《A Midsummer Night’s Dream》;《The Merchant of Venice》;《Romeo and Juliet》;《Hamlet》.....4.The Age of Enlightenment十七世纪文学1)The metaphysical poets2)The Cavalier poets代表作：John Milton《Paradise Lost》and《Paradise Regained》5.Neoclassicism新古典主义文学1)Poetry2)Novel3)Drama代表作：Jonathan Swift《Gulliver’s Travels》6.Pre-Romanticism前浪漫主义1)Poetry代表作：Robert Burns《A Red, Red Rose》;William Wordsworth《the Lyrical Ballads》7.The romantic movement浪漫主义运动From the latter part of the eighteenth century to the present day, art and literature and philosophy, and even politics, have been influenced, positively or negatively, by a way of feeling which was characteristic of what, in a large sense, may be called the romantic movement.代表作：George Gordon Byron《Don Juan》[小说]Percy Bysshe Shelley《Ode to the West Wind》[poet and critic]8.Critical realism批判现实主义1)Novels代表作：Charles Dickens《A tale of Two cities》、《Oliver Twist》;9.The Roman conquestBritish recorded history began with Roman invasion.First landing in 55 B.C. Led by Julius CaesarComplete control over the land in 43 A.D.Leaving in around 410 A.D.10.The English conquest11.The Norman conquest1)The year 1066: Norman Conquest.2)The social situations soon after the conquest.A. Norman nobles and serfs;B. restoration of the church.12.The church reformation13.The bourgeois revolution14.The Glorious revolution15.The industrial revolution16.The French revolution回答问题1.What makes the poet think that"thou"can be more beautiful than summer and immortal in "Sonnte 18"?A：On the one hand,"Rough winds do shake the darling buds of May, and summer's lease hath all too short a date;"on the other hand,"Sometime too hot the heaven shines, and often is his gold complexion dimmed."So from the above two aspects the poet thinks that "thou" can be more beautiful than pared with immortal, "So long as men can breathe or eyes can see, so long lives this, and this gives life to thee." So in this case, "thou" in the poem can be regarded as female because love can beauty eternal. Or "thou" can be referred to male, for friendship can make beauty everlasting.2.What are the most striking qualities of Robinson Crusoe’s character?A：First of all, he is adventurous. Unlike common people, Robinson is eager to take adventures. So he is brave under most circumstances and curious about new things. Even when he was left in a deserted island, he was not afraid of what he was confronted with.3.How the narrator in”A Red,Red Rose”express his love?A：To use many figures of speeches: simile,hyperbole, repetition.1)Simile: He comparing his love to a red rose and a piece of melody.2)Hyperbole:In the last line of the stanza, he presents his love to his girl withhyperbole.3)Repetition: The poet addresses his girl as a red red rose for many times.4.What do you think of the title of “She Walks in Beauty”? How do you understand the comparison between the woman and the night.A：1)a.”She walks in beauty”is the theme of the poem, the poet used the enumeration of certain qualities that he considered to give her beauty to describe his cousin—a young lady.b.The word ”walk” gives a connotation of advancing, not only in space, butalso in time.2)The poem used images of light and darkness interacting to describe thelady’s personality and looks: She wore a black dress. She was quiet like night with a peaceful mind, and that was the inner beauty of her.ment on this sentence: ”Justice’was done, and the President of the immortals( in Aeschylean phrase) had ended his sport with Tess”. In what sense is Tess’ story tragic?A：1)Tess is a typical victim of the society. Poverty of the family, inhumanity, injustice and hypocrisy of the society decide her tragedy.The two men—the one who takes away her virginity and purity, the other who takes away her love but deserts her on the very weding night—join their forces in bringing about her final destruction.Hers is a personal tragedy; it can also be a social one.2)The tragic fate of Tess and her family was not an individual one, but it was symbolic of the disintegration of the English peasantry--- a process which had reached its final and tragic stage at the end of 19th century.6.The excerpted part of Pygmalion shows that Eliza, the flower girl, now is admired by people for her way of speaking. What do you think of this? Do you think that learning a language can change a person?A：1) I don’t believe that the admiration from people at party for Eliza is true. It is not based on their own experiences and feelings, but based on the shallow views from others. It revealed the shallowness and hypocrisy of the upper class at that time.2)自行补充7.What is the significance of the title of “Araby”? Is anything gained by the boy through his frustration and humiliation?A：1)Araby is a splendid bazaar where Mangan’s sister recommended the boy togo. In his imagination before he went to there, Araby was “An Eastern enchantment” in which his “soul luxuriates”.2) He at least realized that the true life is not as perfect as what he thought to be.。
英国文学资料
英国文学资料第一篇：英国文学资料英国文学一、古英语时期的英国文学（499-1066）1、贝奥武夫2、阿尔弗雷德大帝：英国散文之父二、中古英语时期的英国文学1、allegory体非常盛行2、Romance开始上升到一定的高度3、高文爵士和绿衣骑士4、Willian Langlaud 《农夫皮尔斯的幻象》5、乔叟坎特伯雷故事集（英雄双韵体）6、托马斯.马洛礼《亚瑟王之死》三、文艺复兴时期的英国文学（伊丽莎白时代）（14-16世纪）1、托马斯.莫尔《乌托邦》2、Thomas Wyatt 和 Henry Howard引入sonnet3、Philips Sidney 《The defense of Poesie》《阿卡迪亚》描述田园生活；现代长篇小说的先驱4、斯宾塞《仙后》诗人中的诗人；斯宾塞体诗节；5、莎士比亚：长篇叙事诗：《维纳斯和阿多尼斯》、《露克丝受辱记》四大悲剧：哈姆雷特、李尔王、奥赛罗、麦克白7、本.琼森风俗喜剧（comedy of manners）《人性互异》8、约翰.多恩“玄学派”诗歌创始人9、George Herbert 玄学派诗圣10、弗朗西斯.培根现代科学和唯物主义哲学创始人之一《Essays》英国发展史上的里程碑《学术的推进》和《新工具》四、启蒙时期（18世纪）1、约翰、弥尔顿：《失乐园》、《为英国人民争辩》2、约翰、班扬：《天路历程》religious allegory3、约翰、德莱顿：英国新古典主义的杰出代表、桂冠诗人；《论戏剧诗》4、亚历山大.蒲柏：英国新古典主义诗歌的重要代表；英雄双韵体的使用达到登峰造极的使用；《田园组诗》是其最早田园诗歌代表作5、托马斯、格雷：感伤主义中墓园诗派的代表人物《墓园挽歌》6、威廉、布莱克：天真之歌、经验之歌；7、罗伯特、彭斯：苏格兰最杰出的农民诗人；8、Richard Steel和Joseph Addison合作创办《The tatler》和《the spectator》9、Samuel defoe 英国现实主义小说的奠基人之一；《鲁滨逊漂流记》；《铲除非国教徒的捷径》，仪表达自己的不满；10、Jonathan Swift 《一个小小的建议》；《格列佛游记》；《桶的故事》；11、Samuel Richardson 英国现代小说的创始人；帕米拉；克拉丽莎；查尔斯.格蓝迪森爵士的历史；12、Henry Fielding 英国现实主义小说理论的奠基人；《约瑟夫。
英国文学参考资料
1.The Norman Conquest brought the body of customs and ideals known as ___________ intoEngland. 1.诺曼的战胜带来了即是的关税和理想的身体＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿进入英国之内。
A.chivalry 一。
骑士精神B.feudalism 封建制度C.Christianity 。
基督教D.capitalism资本主义2. Being one of the forerunners of ____________, Chaucer praises man’s energy, intellect, quick wit and love of life. 作为先驱之一＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿, 乔叟称赞男人的精力，智力、快的机智和生活的爱。
一。
人性B。
写实主义C。
现代作风D。
浪漫精神A. humanismB. realismC. modernismD. romanticism3.The keynote of English Renaissance was ____________.3.英国文艺复兴的主调音是＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿.一。
人性B。
改革C。
附件运动D。
恢复A.HumanismB.reformationC.Enclosure movementD.Restoration4.When Shakespeare wrote King Lear and Macbeth, he mainly relied on ___________.4.当莎士比亚写信给李尔王的时候和马克白，他主要地仰赖＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿.一。
意大利故事B。
Holinshed 年代记C。
高贵希腊人的生命和罗马人D。
丹麦的事件A.Italian storiesB.Holinshed’s ChroniclesC.Lives of the Noble Greeks and RomansD.Danish events5.Paradise Lost was written in ___________.5.遗失的天堂被写了在＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿.一。
英国文学 复习资料
1. oral literatureepicBeowulf口述文学作品史诗第一部贝尔武甫Alliteration, the Middle Ages, the Middle English, Romance头韵中世纪Geoffrey ChaucerFather of English Poetry杰弗雷·乔叟英国诗歌之父The Canterbury Tales, pilgrim, the heroic couplet, iambic pentameter坎特伯雷故事集朝圣者英雄双韵体抑扬格五音步双行押韵诗2. William Shakespeare Bard of Avon威廉莎士比亚艾芬河的吟游诗人Tragedies: Hamlet, King Lear, Othello, Macbeth, Romeo and Juliet(or Tragicomedy/Romance); 悲剧：哈姆雷特李尔王奥赛罗麦克白罗密欧与朱丽叶Comedies: Midsummer Night’s Dream, The Merchant of Venice, As You Like It, Twelfth Night; 喜剧：仲夏夜之梦威尼斯商人皆大欢喜第十二夜Dramatic Romance: The Tempest戏剧性的浪漫：暴风雨；blank versesoliloquy, (Shakespearean) sonnet, rhyme scheme无韵诗独白（莎士比亚）十四行诗，韵律ababMelancholy，conflict, climax忧郁冲突高潮3. Francis Bacon, essay, prose, Essays, Utopia, plain style, parallelism, balance and opposition. 弗朗西斯·培根论文，散文，随笔乌托邦风格质朴，排比、平衡和反对Knowledge is power知识就是力量4. the Age of Prose, Enlightenment, reason, Neo-Classicism散文时代，启蒙，推理，新古典主义John Donne, Metaphysical School, conceit约翰·邓恩，玄学派别出心裁的比喻John Milton, Puritanism, epic, grand style, Paradise Lost约翰·弥尔顿，清教，史诗般的宏大风格，失乐园Daniel Defoe, Father of English Novel, adventure fiction, Robinson Crusoe丹尼尔·笛福，英国小说、冒险小说之父，鲁滨孙漂流记Jonathan Swift, satire, irony, A Modest Proposal, Gulliver's Travels, human nature, Yahoos乔纳森·斯威夫特，讽刺文学，反语，一个小小的建议，格列佛游记，人性，各种野蛮5. Romanticism, individualism, symbolism, image, ballad, Lake Poets, Poet Laureate浪漫主义，个人主义，象征主义，意象，民谣，湖畔派诗人，桂冠诗人William Blake, Songs of Innocence, Songs of Experience威廉·布莱克，天真之歌，经验之歌William Wordsworth, Samuel T aylor Coleridge, Robert Southey威廉·华兹华斯，柯勒律治，罗伯特·骚塞nature, Lyrical Ballads, "emotion recollected in tranquility"自然，抒情歌谣，“平静中回忆起来的情感”6. George Gordon Byron (Lord Byron) , Childe Harold's Pilgrimage, Don Juan, Byronic Hero拜伦（Lord Byron），Childe Harold's的圣朝，唐璜，拜伦式英雄Percy Bysshe Shelley, "To a Skylark", "Ode to the West Wind", prophecy雪莱的《致云雀》，《西风颂》，预言John Keats, "Ode on a Grecian Urn", "Ode to a Nightingale". "Beauty is truth, truth beauty."约翰济慈的《希腊古瓮颂》，《夜莺颂》。
英国文学选读整理资料
T. S. Eliot1888-1965英国现代主义诗歌代名词◎《普鲁弗洛克的情歌》<The Love Song of J.Alfred>◎《荒原》<The Waste Land> 现代派诗歌经典之作，代表了现代诗歌创作的突出成就William Butler Yeats (1865-1939)去世后被艾略特称为我们时代最伟大的诗人。
文学体裁：诗歌poem，小说novel，戏剧dramaOrigin起源：Christianity 基督教→ bible 圣经 Myth 神话 The Romance of king Arthur and his knights 亚瑟王和他的骑士（笔记）一、The Anglo-Saxon period (449-1066)1、这个时期的文学作品分类： pagan(异教徒) Christian(基督徒)2、代表作： The Song of Beowulf 《贝奥武甫》 ( national epic 民族史诗 ) 采用了隐喻手法3、Alliteration 押头韵（写作手法）例子： of man was the mildest and most beloved,To his kin the kindest, keenest for praise.二、The Anglo-Norman period (1066-1350)Canto 诗章1、romance 传奇文学2、代表作： Sir Gawain and the Green Knight (高文爵士和绿衣骑士) 是一首押头韵的长诗三、Geoffrey Chaucer (1340-1400) 杰弗里.乔叟时期1、the father of English poetry 英国诗歌之父2、heroic couplet 英雄双韵体：a verse unit consisting of two rhymed(押韵) lines in iambic pentameter(五步抑扬格)3、代表作：the Canterbury Tales 坎特伯雷的故事 (英国文学史的开端)4、Popular Ballads 大众民谣：a story hold in 4-line stanzas with second and fourth line rhymed(笔记)Ballads are anonymous narrative songs that have been preserved by oral transmission(书上).歌谣是匿名叙事歌曲,一直保存着口头传播的方式代表人物：Bishop Thomas Percy 托马斯.帕希主教代表作：Robin Hood and Allin-a-Dale 罗宾汉和阿林代尔四、The Renaissance (16世纪) 文艺复兴时期（Greek and Roman）戏剧 drama 诗章 cantoThe term Renaissance originally indicated a revival of classical (Greek and Roman) arts and sciences.文艺复兴最初是指经典艺术和科学在英国的复兴。
英美文学复习资料
英美文学复习资料英美文学复习资料英美文学是世界文学史上的重要组成部分，包含了许多经典的文学作品和作家。
通过复习英美文学，我们可以更好地了解西方文化和思想，同时也能够提升自己的语言表达能力和文学素养。
本文将为大家提供一些英美文学复习资料，希望对大家的学习有所帮助。
一、英国文学1. 莎士比亚的四大悲剧：《哈姆雷特》、《奥赛罗》、《李尔王》和《麦克白》。
这些作品被誉为世界文学的瑰宝，展现了莎士比亚独特的戏剧才华和对人性的深刻洞察。
2. 简·奥斯汀的小说：《傲慢与偏见》、《理智与情感》等。
奥斯汀以细腻的笔触和幽默的描写，刻画了当时英国社会的风貌和女性的处境，成为英国文学的代表作家之一。
3. 查尔斯·狄更斯的小说：《雾都孤儿》、《双城记》等。
狄更斯以其对社会问题的关注和对人性的揭示而闻名，他的作品揭示了当时英国社会的黑暗面，对社会改革产生了深远影响。
4. 弗吉尼亚·伍尔夫的小说：《达洛维夫人》、《到灯塔去》等。
伍尔夫以其独特的意识流写作风格和对女性问题的关注，开创了现代主义小说的新篇章。
二、美国文学1. 马克·吐温的小说：《哈克贝利·费恩历险记》、《汤姆·索亚历险记》等。
吐温以其幽默风趣和对美国社会的讽刺洞察而受到广泛赞誉，他的作品展现了美国南方的风土人情和对奴隶制度的批判。
2. 埃米莉·迪金森的诗歌：迪金森的诗歌充满了哲思和深度，她以其独特的写作风格和对生死、爱情等主题的探索而成为美国文学的重要代表。
3. 威廉·福克纳的小说：《喧哗与骚动》、《押沙龙，押沙龙！》等。
福克纳以其复杂的叙事结构和对南方社会的描绘而被誉为美国文学的巨匠，他的作品展现了南方社会的衰落和黑暗。
4. 托尼·莫里森的小说：《亲爱的》、《宠儿》等。
莫里森以其对种族、性别和身份问题的关注而成为美国文学的重要代表，她的作品揭示了美国社会的不公和歧视。
三、阅读技巧和复习建议1. 阅读经典作品时，要注重对文本细节的理解和分析。
英国文学参考文献目录[整理版]
![英国文学参考文献目录[整理版]](https://img.taocdn.com/s3/m/9b578cb3f424ccbff121dd36a32d7375a417c634.png)
英国文学参考文献目录1. Abrams, M. H. The Norton Anthology of English Literature. New Y ork: W. W. Norton & Company, Inc., 1993.2. Abrams, M. H. A Glossary of Literary Terms (7th Edition). Beijing: Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press, 2004.3. Baugh, Albert C. A Literary History of England. London: Routledge and K. Paul, 1967.4. Drabble, Margaret. The Oxford Companion to English Literature. Oxford University Press and Foreign language and Research Press, 1998.5. 常耀信. 《漫话英美文学》. 天津：南开大学出版社，2004.6. 常耀信. 《英国文学简史》. 天津：南开大学出版社，2006.7. 陈嘉. 《英国文学史》. 北京：商务印书馆，1986.8. 陈嘉. 《英国文学作品选读》. 北京：商务印书馆，1982.9. 侯维瑞. 《现代英国小说史》. 上海：上海外语教育出版社，1985.10. 侯维瑞. 《英国文学通史》. 上海：上海外语教育出版社，1999.11. 蒋洪新. 《英美诗歌选读》. 长沙：湖南师范大学出版社，2004.12. 刘守兰. 《英美名诗解读》. 上海：上海外语教育出版社，2003.13. 罗经国. 《新编英国文学选读》. 北京：北京大学出版社，1997.14. 罗选民. 《英美文学赏析教程》. 北京：清华大学出版社，2002.15. 隋刚. 《英美诗歌意境漫游》. 北京：外文出版社，1998.16. 王佐良等. 《英国文学名篇选注》. 北京：商务印书馆，1983.17. 杨岂深，孙铢. 《英国文学选读》. 上海：上海译文出版社，1981.18. 张伯香. 《英美文学选读》. 北京：外语教学与研究出版社，1998.。
英国文学复习参考
1TheAnglo -SaxonPeriod(450 -1066)一、不列颠岛上的Settler换了一波又一波Celts (600B.C.)-Romans (55B.C.)-Anglo-Saxons (450A.D.)-Normans (1066A.D.) 二、两个流派三、Beowulf体裁：Epic来源：based on partly historical and partly legendary materials, brought over by the Anglo -Saxons from their original homes.特点：1. Alliteration 头韵 2. Kenning 比喻的复合辞 3.Repetition2TheNormanPeriod(1066 -1350)一、1066 年The Norman Conquest 诺曼征服Significance: 1. Feudal system was established in England.2.English social life greatly changed.3.Connection of English & French.4.Dividing line of Old English and Middle English二、Romance1.Popular form of literature of the upper class in feudal England in the Medieval Ages;2.Knights are major characters;3.Emphasis of chivalry spirit and loyalty to King;posed by the noble, for the noble and of the noble;课本P12 In subject matters, romance naturally falls under three categories:1.2.3.3TheAgeofChaucer(1350 -1400)一、Who is Chaucer?英国摆脱中古时期浪漫主义的第一位现实主义诗人二、两个事件1.The Hundred Years War 百年战争(英VS 法)2.The Peasant Uprising of 1381 (打仗没钱了管peasant 要，于是peasant 揭竿而起)三、John Wycliff1.He was the major person who translated Bible into Middle English, which is important to English Literature and English Language2.He fixed a national standard for English prose to replace various dialects. His works earned him the title of Father of English prose.普通话第一人四、Geoffery Chaucer 乔叟1.The works of Chaucer are roughly divided into 3 periods 课本P182.The significance of The Canterbury Tales is as follows 课本P194TheFifteenthCentury(1400 -1550)一、两个战争和两个事件1.The Hundred Years, War 百年战争1337 -14532.The War of the Roses 玫瑰战争1455-14853.The discovery of America and the new sea routes4.Reformation of the Church二、Popular ballads民谣是这一时期主要体裁1. five basic characteristics 课本P362.重要作品Robin Hood Ballads侠盗罗宾汉5TheEnglishRenaissance(1550 -1642)一、英国文艺复兴时期在位的女王是Queen Elizabeth (1558-1603)伊丽莎白一世二、思想：Humanism (Man is the measure of all things)1.It was against human nature to sacrifice the happiness of this life for an after life; the pursuit of this life.2.Man should be given full freedom to enrich their intellectual and emotional life.三、Edmund Spenser是英国文艺复兴时期的伟大诗人四、英国文艺复兴时期的主流文学形式是Drama6TheSeventeenthCentury(1603 -1688)一、Key words of period of Revolution and RestorationBourgeois资产阶级Anglican Church英国国教Puritans清教徒Charles I查理一世1641 年Grand Remonstrance 大抗议书Commonwealth 英联邦Cromwell in 1653 the Lord Protector 护国公克伦威尔The Bill of Rights 权利法案二、King James Version of the Bible (钦定版圣经)，是《圣经》的诸多英文版本之一，于1611 年出版。
英国文学史复习资料
英国文学史复习资料一、早期文学1、凯尔特文学：凯尔特人是英国最早的民族，他们有自己的语言和神话传说。
他们的文学作品包括《德鲁伊特教义》和《芬尼亚传奇》。
2、盎格鲁-撒克逊文学：随着罗马帝国的衰落，日耳曼部落开始在英国定居。
盎格鲁-撒克逊时期最著名的文学作品是《贝奥武夫》，讲述了一位英勇的武士贝奥武夫的故事。
二、中世纪文学1、英雄史诗：中世纪时期，英国出现了许多描写骑士和英雄事迹的史诗，如《罗兰之歌》、《希尔德布兰德之歌》等。
2、骑士文学：随着封建制度的发展，骑士成为英国社会的一个重要阶层。
骑士文学主要描写骑士的冒险经历和爱情故事，如《亚瑟王传奇》等。
3、宗教文学：中世纪时期，英国的宗教文学也很发达。
最有名的作品是《神曲》和《圣经》的英译本。
三、文艺复兴时期文学1、伊丽莎白时代文学：伊丽莎白一世时期，英国进入了文艺复兴时期。
这个时期的文学作品包括莎士比亚的戏剧、《罗密欧与朱丽叶》等。
2、斯图亚特王朝复辟时期文学：斯图亚特王朝复辟后，英国文学开始向古典主义转变。
这个时期的文学作品包括弥尔顿的《失乐园》和约翰·德莱顿的诗歌等。
四、启蒙时期文学1、启蒙运动：启蒙运动是18世纪欧洲的一个思想解放运动，旨在推翻封建制度，建立资产阶级民主制度。
英国的启蒙运动以洛克和休谟为代表。
2、现实主义小说：随着工业革命的兴起，英国的现实主义小说开始兴起。
这个时期的代表作家包括狄更斯、萨克雷、勃朗特姐妹等。
他们的作品主要描写社会底层人民的生活和资产阶级的虚伪与贪婪。
3、浪漫主义诗歌：19世纪初，英国的浪漫主义诗歌开始兴起。
这个时期的代表诗人包括华兹华斯、柯勒律治和拜伦等。
他们的作品主要表达个人情感和对自然的向往。
五、维多利亚时期文学1、维多利亚时代的社会背景：维多利亚时代是英国的一个繁荣时期，也是英国殖民主义的高峰期。
这个时期的英国成为“日不落帝国”。
2、小说：维多利亚时期的代表作家包括狄更斯、勃朗特姐妹、哈代等。
2024北航考研英美文学专业参考书目
2024北航考研英美文学专业参考书目一、小说1. 英国文学《简爱》《呼啸山庄》《一个女人的生活》《精神病院》《百年孤独》2. 美国文学《傲慢与偏见》《歌剧院》《了不起的盖茨比》《午夜巴黎》《绿山墙的安妮》二、诗歌1. 英国文学《十四行诗集》《七十七次罗密欧》《失落的乐园》《彼特拉克诗选》《麦琪的礼物》2. 美国文学《旧金山诗歌》《舞台上与舞台下》《把爱情写成诗》《夜鸦》《自由集》三、戏剧1. 英国文学《哈姆雷特》《奥赛罗》《李尔王》《先知丹》《情人》2. 美国文学《诱惑头》《樱桃园》《猫》《魔术》《云雾中》四、散文1. 英国文学《如何阅读一本书》《文化狂欢》《意志力》《自学是门手艺》《交流的艺术》2. 美国文学《东西》《随风而行》《给孩子的信》《美国的盖茨比》《雷曼兄弟》五、文学理论1. 英国文学《文学的符号学》《后现代主义的理论及应用》《结构主义文学理论》《论文学与诗歌》《文学的权力》2. 美国文学《后殖民批评理论》《美国文学中的女性主义批评》《当代文学批评理论》《文学与种族关系》《美学与政治》六、文学史1. 英国文学《英国文学史》《文艺复兴时期英国文学史》《维多利亚时代英国文学史》《现代主义英国文学史》《当代英国文学史》2. 美国文学《美国文学史》《美国文学的形成》《美国文学的发展》《现代主义美国文学史》《当代美国文学史》以上就是2024北航考研英美文学专业的参考书目。
这些书籍既包括了英国文学经典作品，也涵盖了美国文学的重要作品，同时也包括了文学理论、文学史等方面的著作。
这些书籍涵盖了英美文学的多个领域，是考研同学们全面了解英美文学并为考试做好准备的必备读物。
希望考生们能根据自己的实际情况，有针对性地选择适合自己的书籍，充分准备考试，取得理想成绩。
祝各位考生都能考取心仪的学校和专业，开启美好的研究生生涯！2024北航考研英美文学专业参考书目拓展以上所列的参考书目是考生们备战2024北航英美文学专业考研的重要依据。
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1.The Norman Conquest brought the body of customs and ideals known as ___________ intoEngland. 1.诺曼的战胜带来了即是的关税和理想的身体＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿进入英国之内。
A.chivalry 一。
骑士精神B.feudalism 封建制度C.Christianity 。
基督教D.capitalism资本主义2. Being one of the forerunners of ____________, Chaucer praises man’s energy, intellect, quick wit and love of life. 作为先驱之一＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿, 乔叟称赞男人的精力，智力、快的机智和生活的爱。
一。
人性B。
写实主义C。
现代作风D。
浪漫精神A. humanismB. realismC. modernismD. romanticism3.The keynote of English Renaissance was ____________.3.英国文艺复兴的主调音是＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿.一。
人性B。
改革C。
附件运动D。
恢复A.HumanismB.reformationC.Enclosure movementD.Restoration4.When Shakespeare wrote King Lear and Macbeth, he mainly relied on ___________.4.当莎士比亚写信给李尔王的时候和马克白，他主要地仰赖＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿.一。
意大利故事B。
Holinshed 年代记C。
高贵希腊人的生命和罗马人D。
丹麦的事件A.Italian storiesB.Holinshed’s ChroniclesC.Lives of the Noble Greeks and RomansD.Danish events5.Paradise Lost was written in ___________.5.遗失的天堂被写了在＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿.一。
Spenserian 节B。
押韵对句C。
无韵诗D。
英勇的对句A.Spenserian stanzaB.rhyming coupletC.blank verseD.heroic couplet6.Among the pamphlets written by Swift about Ireland, the most famous are The Drapier’sLetters and ___________.6.在有关爱尔兰被褐雨燕写的小册子之中，最出名的是 Drapier 信和＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿.一。
书的战争B。
浴盆的一个故事C。
一份适度的提议D。
罗宾森克鲁索芯片A.The Battle of the BooksB. A Tale of a TubC. A Modest ProposalD.Robinson Crusoe7.In lamenting over John Keat’s premature death, Shelly wrote an elegy entitled ________.7.在哀悼在约翰 Keat 早熟的死亡之上，多壳的写了被权力的一个悲歌＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿.一。
LycidasB。
上帝C。
在 MemoriamD。
红色的萝丝A.LycidasB.AdonaisC.In MemoriamD.Red Rose8.The creative spirit, which is shown in the romantic poetry, makes the Romantic Age resemblethe ___________.8.有创造力的精神，在浪漫的诗中被显示，使浪漫的年龄相似那＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿.一。
清教徒的年龄B。
罗马教皇的年龄C。
Elizabeth 一世时代的年龄D。
第一流的年龄A.Puritan AgeB.Age of PopeC.Elizabethan AgeD.Classic Age9.Wuthering Heights is a powerful attack on the ____________ system.9.Wuthering 高度是的有力攻击那＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿系统。
一。
中产阶级的道德B。
中产阶级的婚姻C。
教育的进步D。
中产阶级的人价值A.bourgeois moralityB.bourgeois marriageC.improvement of educationD.bourgeois values10.The title of Thackeray’s masterpiece Vanity Fair was borrowed from ____________.10.萨克雷的杰作虚荣心展览会的名称被借了从＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿.一。
密尔顿的天堂遗失B。
Spenser 的仙女 QueeneC。
班扬的朝圣者进步D。
莎士比亚的马克白ton’s Paradise LostB.Spenser’s Faerie QueeneC.Bunyan’s Pilgrim’s ProgressD.Shakespeare’s MacbethE.11.Chaucer is acclaimed not only as the father of English poetry but also as _________11.乔叟被欢呼不只有当做英国诗的父亲但是也当做＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿.一。
英国小说的父亲B。
英国散文的父亲C。
英国戏剧的父亲D。
英国音乐的父亲.A.the father of English fictionB.the father of English proseC.the father of English dramaD.the father of English music12.One of Chaucer’s great contributions to English poetry is his introduction of _______ toEnglish poetry.12.对英国诗的乔叟棒贡献之一是他的介绍＿＿＿＿＿＿＿对英国诗。
一。
法国诗B。
意大利人性C。
法国押韵抑扬格 . 五音步诗行的对句D。
德国的诗A.French poemsB.Italian humanismC.French rhyming couplet of iambic pentameterD.Germanic poems13.It is likely that when writing Hamlet Shakespeare borrowed something from _________. 13.它是有可能的当写作哈姆雷特莎士比亚借了某事的时候从＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿.一。
Tamburlaine 棒者B。
亚历山大和 CampaspeC。
西班牙悲剧D。
北海洋的秘密A.Tamburlaine the GreatB.Alexander and CampaspeC.the Spanish TragedyD.the mysteries of the North Sea14.The story of Paradise Lost were taken from _______________.14.被遗失的天堂的故事被拿了从＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿.一。
旧的圣约B。
新的圣约C。
远古的故事D。
一些秘密A.the old TestamentB.the new TestamentC.the ancient talesD.some mysteries15.The main literary current of the 18th century was _____________.15.18 世纪的主要文学涌流是＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿.一。
写实主义B。
浪漫精神C。
SentimentalismD。
古典主义A.RealismB.RomanticismC.SentimentalismD.Classicism16.In the preface to the second edition of Lyrical Ballads, _________ laid down the principles ofromantic poetry.16.在抒情诗调歌谣的第二版的序文中， _________ 放下了浪漫诗的原则。
一。
华兹华斯B。
柯尔律治C。
SoutheyD。
史考特A.WordsworthB.ColeridgeC.SoutheyD.Scott17.Byron used the experiences of his travel in Europe as the material of _________ .17.拜伦当做材料在欧洲用了他的旅行的经验＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ .一。
君胡安B。
贵公子哈洛德的朝圣之旅C。
希伯来人的曲子D。
天堂遗失A.Don JuanB.Childe Harold’s PilgrimageC.Hebrew MelodiesD.Paradise Lost18.Charles Dickens’ early novels s how that he believes that _____________.18.查尔斯狄更斯早的小说表示，他相信＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿.一。
富人会成为亲切的人帮助贫穷者B。
所有的社会邪恶无法被治疗C。
人类的社会会变得更坏D。
没有期待人类的文明A.the rich could become kindhearted people to help the poorB.all social evils could not be remediedC.human society would become worseD.there is no hope for human civilization19.Charlotte Bronte’s Jane Eyre shows that the writer believes__________ can help solve allsocial problems.19.莎蕾特 Bronte 的珍巡回表示，作家 believes__________ 能帮助解决所有的社会问题。
一。
慈善的工作B。
女权运动C。
教育的进步D。
人类的文明A.charitable workB.women’s liberationC.improvement of educationD.human civilizationton’s poetry is noted for ________ of thought and __________ of expression.20.密尔顿的诗被注意为＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿想法和＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿表达。