农学专业英语
农业科学专业英语词汇大全了解农业科学领域的专业术语和农作物栽培技术
农业科学专业英语词汇大全了解农业科学领域的专业术语和农作物栽培技术农业科学专业英语词汇是农业科学领域重要的学术资源，它包括了丰富的农作物栽培技术和农业领域的专业术语。
本文将为读者介绍一些常用的农业科学专业英语词汇，以帮助读者更好地理解和掌握农业科学领域的知识。
一、农业科学专业英语词汇1. Agricultural science/agronomy 农业科学/农学2. Crop cultivation 农作物栽培3. Soil fertility 土壤肥力4. Crop rotation 农作物轮作5. Pest control 害虫防治6. Irrigation 灌溉7. Weed management 杂草管理8. Plant breeding 植物育种9. Genetic engineering 基因工程10. Fertilizer application 施肥11. Harvesting 收获12. Silage making 青贮制作13. Livestock breeding 畜牧养殖14. Dairy farming 奶牛养殖15. Poultry farming 家禽养殖16. Aquaculture 水产养殖17. Veterinary medicine 兽医学18. Agribusiness 农业经营19. Sustainable agriculture 可持续农业20. Organic farming 有机农业二、农作物栽培技术1. Soil preparation 土壤准备Soil preparation involves clearing the land, removing weeds and debris, and loosening the soil to improve its structure and drainage.2. Seed selection 种子选择Seed selection is an important step in crop cultivation. Farmers should choose high-quality seeds that are resistant to diseases and pests, and have high yield potential.3. Planting 种植Planting refers to the process of sowing seeds or transplanting seedlings into the soil. It is essential to provide the right spacing and depth for optimal plant growth.4. Fertilization 施肥Fertilization is the application of nutrients to the soil to provide essential elements for plant growth. It can be done through organic or inorganic fertilizers, depending on the specific nutrient requirements of the crop.5. Weed control 杂草防治Weeds compete with crops for nutrients, water, and sunlight. Effective weed control methods include manual weeding, the use of herbicides, and mulching to suppress weed growth.6. Pest management 害虫管理Pests can cause significant damage to crops. Integrated pest management techniques, such as biological control, cultural practices, and the judicious use of pesticides, help minimize pest damage while protecting the environment.7. Disease prevention 病害预防Crop diseases can reduce yield and quality. Disease prevention involves crop rotation, use of disease-resistant varieties, proper sanitation, and timely application of fungicides if necessary.8. Irrigation 灌溉Irrigation is essential for crop growth in areas with insufficient rainfall. It involves providing the right amount of water at the right time to ensure optimal plant health and productivity.9. Harvesting 收获Harvesting is the process of gathering mature crops for consumption or further processing. It involves careful timing to ensure maximum yield and quality.10. Storage and processing 储存和加工Proper storage and processing ensure that harvested crops remain fresh and maintain their nutritional value. This may involve drying, curing, canning, or freezing, depending on the specific crop.结语本文介绍了一些常用的农业科学专业英语词汇和农作物栽培技术，希望能帮助读者增加对农业科学领域的理解和掌握。
农学专业英语教学大纲
农学专业英语教学大纲农学专业英语教学大纲随着全球农业的发展和国际交流的日益频繁，农学专业英语教学的重要性也日益凸显。
为了提高学生的英语水平和专业素养，制定一份科学合理的农学专业英语教学大纲势在必行。
本文将探讨农学专业英语教学大纲的内容、目标和实施方式。
一、农学专业英语教学大纲的内容农学专业英语教学大纲的内容应该包括基础知识、专业词汇、科技论文写作、听说读写能力等方面。
首先，学生需要掌握农学领域的基础知识，包括农业科学原理、农作物种植技术、畜牧养殖管理等。
其次，学生需要熟练掌握农学专业的英语词汇，包括植物学、动物学、土壤学等方面的专业术语。
此外，学生还需要学习科技论文写作的基本要求和技巧，以便能够进行科学研究和学术交流。
最后，学生需要通过听说读写的训练，提高英语的听力、口语、阅读和写作能力，以便能够在国际交流中自如地表达自己的观点和理解他人的观点。
二、农学专业英语教学大纲的目标农学专业英语教学大纲的目标是培养学生的英语综合运用能力和专业素养。
首先，学生应该能够熟练运用农学专业的英语词汇和表达方式，能够理解和使用农学领域的专业文献和资料。
其次，学生应该能够进行科技论文的写作和学术交流，能够准确地表达自己的研究成果和观点。
此外，学生还应该具备良好的听说读写能力，能够在国际交流中自如地与他人交流和合作。
最后，学生还应该具备批判性思维和创新能力，能够独立进行科学研究和解决实际问题。
三、农学专业英语教学大纲的实施方式农学专业英语教学大纲的实施方式应该灵活多样，既注重理论学习，又注重实践训练。
首先，可以采用课堂教学的方式，通过讲解、讨论和练习，帮助学生掌握农学专业的英语知识和技能。
其次，可以组织实践活动，如科研项目、实验和田间调查等，让学生在实践中运用英语，提高语言的实际运用能力。
此外，还可以利用多媒体技术和网络资源，提供丰富的学习材料和交流平台，激发学生的学习兴趣和积极性。
最后，可以组织专业英语考试和评估，及时了解学生的学习情况和进展，为教学改进和提高学生的英语水平提供依据。
农学类专业英语电子版.pdf
UNIT1FUNDAMENTAL METHODS IN LIFE SCIENCEHow is it that scientists probe so skillfully into the monument of life and discover so much about its foundations?What is it about their manner of thinking that yields such precise results?The scientific method is a formalized way of answering questions about causation in the natural world.In principle, the scientific method has three main steps(although in practice scientists work in many different ways).The first step is to collect observations,phenomena which can be detected by the senses(vision,hearing,smell,taste,and touch). Observations can be also made indirectly,through use of special equipment (such as a microscope)that extended the range of perception.With practice, we can become skilled at making systematic observations.This means focusing one or more senses on a particular object or event in the environment, and screening out the“background noise”of information that probably has no bearing on our focus.Second,the scientist thinks of hypothesis,ideas about the cause of what has been observed.The third step is experimentation, performing tests designed to show that one or more of the hypothesis is more or less likely to be incorrect.Hypothesizing means putting together a tentative explanation to account for an observation.No scientist can put forward an idea and demand that it be believed as true,no questions asked.In science,there are no absolute truths. There are only high probabilities that an idea is correct in the context of observations and tests made so far.Instead of absolutes,there is suspended judgment.This means a hypothesis is tentatively said to be valid if it is consistent with observations at hand.You won’t(or shouldn’t)hear a scientist say,“there is no other explanation!”More likely you will hear,“Based on present knowledge,this explanation is our best judgment at the moment.”Often the weight of evidence is so convincing that the hypothesis becomes accepted as a theory:a coherent set of ideas that form a general frame of reference for further studies.In science,the word“theory”is not used lightly.It is bestowed only on hypothesis that can be relied upon with a very high degree of confidence.Testing the hypothesis through experiments is at the heart of scientific inquiry.Experiments must be designed so that their results are as unambiguous as human ingenuity can make them.For this reason, experiments have to include control treatments as well as experimental treatments.The two differ only by the factors(s)in which you are interested.Collecting and organizing test results is a necessary process in biological experiments.Data tables or graphs are used to organize and display information for analysis.Graphs are especially useful in illustrating trends of patterns.Data analysis is less mechanical and more conceptual than collecting and organizing the information.Often,statistical tests are used to determine if differences between experimental data and control data are significant or are likely due only to chance.If it can be argued that the differences are due to chance only,then it can also be argued that the independent variable had no effect.Generalizing from test results requires careful and objective analysis of the data ually,the hypothesis under test is accepted or rejected on the basis of conclusions drawn.A statement is written about what new insights(if any)have been gained into the original problem.Apparent trends are noted when the same data appear in test results gathered over a period of time.Often,further questions and hypothesis are posed in an attempt to guide additional studies of the problem.New words and expressionsprobe v.探索convincing a.令人信服的monument n.殿堂，纪念馆coherent a.相干的，连贯的formalize v.使……成为正式的bestow(on)v.赠与，授予causation n.起因，原因at the heart of在……核心observation n.观察（结果inquiry n.探索，探究，询问microscope n.显微镜unambiguous a.清楚的，明确的perception n.感知能力，感觉ingenuity n.智慧，机灵systematic a.系统的illustrate v.说明screen out排除mechanical a.无思想的，呆板的have no bearing on与……无关conceptual a.概念的，观念的experimentation n.实验，试验independent variable自变量，处理因子more or less差不多，大致insight(into)n.领悟，深刻的了解hypothesize v.提出假说pose v.提出（问题），引起put together组织suspend v.使悬而未决tentative a.暂时的，试探性的judgment n.判断，评价UNIT2ACCOMPLISHMENTS IN PLANT BREEDINGPlant breeders have devoted considerable attention to breeding for yield. These programs usually have emphasized selection for higher yields based on yield testing results.It is also true,however,that plant breeders have for decades sought to improve yield by manipulating what are often termed physiological components of yield.In this section we give two examples of improvements in crop plants resulting from selection of desirable plant types. These examples deserve special attention because they involve wheat and rice,which rank first and second in the world in providing food for the human population.In these crops,breeders have selected new gene combinations and new plant types that are highly productive under a wide range of growing conditions,especially when fertility is high.Rice BreedingThe development of short-stature rice varieties at the International Rice Research Institute(IRRI)in the Philippines began in the1960s following observations that short-strawed varieties yielded more than the taller,leafier indica varieties when given nitrogen fertilizer.A number of characters were associated with generally higher yields and the nitrogen response.The responsive selections were short and had many tillers and good resistance to lodging.Their leaves were short,thick,relatively narrow,erect,dark green,and remained functional until shortly before harvest.Subsequent genetic studies revealed that a single gene controlled many of the leaf characters as well as height and tillering.Two additional characters,early maturity and high floret fertility,though not controlled by the above mentioned gene,were incorporated into the genetic package that contributed to high yield under nitrogen fertilization.In breeding for new plant types at IRRI,a well-adapted tropical indica varieties were crossed with introduced varieties of either japonica or indica types,which served as sources of the desirable new traits.Observation of populations resulting from these crosses indicated that the desirable,short, less leafy plants were not competitive and hence were being eliminated from the breeding populations.The short,less leafy plants compete very poorly in the mixture with tall plants,but in pure stands the short plants yield more than the tall.Consequently,a mass selection procedure is used to increase the proportion of desirable short plants in the breeding populations.Thepopulations are planted sparsely so that the tall,leafy plants can be eliminated from the population.Seed harvested from the remaining plants is used for the next generation.Selection against the tall leafy plants is continued for several generations until all the remaining plants are short.Then the seed from individual plants is increased and conventional yield testing is initiated.Many of the short plants with the combination of useful characteristics described above have been highly productive.One plant,IR-8,gained worldwide recognition because of its very high yields,especially in response to nitrogen fertilization.Semidwarf WheatIn1935a wheat selection of hybrid origin,‘Norin10’,was released for use in Japan.Norin10was1/2to2/3as tall as common wheat varieties and had more heads.In the USA,Norin10was not useful as a variety,but as a parent in crosses it provided genes that started a revolution in wheat breeding.One breeder,O.A.Vogel,a USDA plant breeder at Pullman,Washington,crosses Norin10with ordinary wheats such as‘Brevor’,From these crosses came the first highly productive semidwarf wheats in the USA.The first new semidwarf,‘Gaines’,and a closely related semidwarf,‘Nugaines’,soon achieved great popularity,and other wheat breeders began to concentrate on semidwarf wheat.N.E.Borlaug,winner of a Nobel Peace Prize in part for his research on wheat,made extensive use of the Washington wheats and the Norin10genes. By1986semidwarf wheats were being grown successfully in the USA and in more than20foreign countries.As many as a dozen characters potentially contribute directly to high yield in short-stature rice.However,less is known about the physiological basis for high productivity in the semidwarf wheats.Semidwarf wheats are more resistant to lodging than their taller counterparts,but lodging resistance is not the entire reason for the yield difference because semidwarf varieties are often superior to tall varieties when lodging does not occur.Many of the semidwarf wheats have more heads per unit area than taller wheats and a higher ratio of grain to straw(higher economic to biological yield).The leaves of many productive semidwarf wheats are generally similar to the droopy,wide,and long leaves of taller wheats.Consequently,the productive semidwarf wheats and short-stature rices differ greatly in leaf characteristics.Whatever the basis for the higher yields in the new rice and wheat varieties their superiority suggests that crops can be made more productive by modifying their general form.New words and expressionsaccomplishment n.成就，成绩tropical a.热带的devote…to贡献，奉献cross v.,n.杂交decade n.十年introduce v.引进manipulate v.调节，操纵japonica n.粳physiological a.生理（学）的trait n.(相对)性状component n.构成因子compete v.竞争desirable a.有利的，理想的mixture n.混合（物）plant type株型pure stand单一群体population n.人口，群体mass selection混合选择fertility n.肥力，育性sparsely adv.稀short-stature矮秆generation n.世代straw n.麦秆，稻草semidwarf a.半矮秆的indica n.籼hybrid n.杂种nitrogen n.氮heads n.穗character n.性状variety n.品种be associated with与…联系起来parent n.亲本response n.响应，反应breeder n.育种家responsive a.有响应的ordinary a.普通的，一般的selection n.选系concentrate集中（精力）于tiller n.,v.分蘖droopy a.披（弯曲或下垂）floret n.小花modify v.修改，改良incorporate v.掺合form n.形态well-adapted a.适应性好的UNIT3CROP PRODUCTIONProduction of food is a problem of major concern in the world today.The world’s food supply,grossly inadequate in many countries today,will need to be increased greatly in the years ahead if the basic nutritional requirements of an explosive world population are to be satisfied.Otherwise,the specter of hunger,malnutrition,and famine,already a reality with two-thirds of the world’s people,will continue to spread and grow,and the nutritional gap between the developed and the underdeveloped countries will continue to widen.Field crops provide the principal source of the world’s food supply.Over 50%of the human food consumed comes directly from seven cereal grains; over40%comes from rice and wheat.Other foods of vegetable origin include the root crops,oilseeds,vegetables,fruits,and nuts.Forage and grain crops utilized as livestock feed may be consumed indirectly as meat,milk,or eggs.Field crops,in addition to their production for human food and livestock feed,are utilized for fiber,fuel,plastics,stimulants,and many other commercial uses.For these purposes we grow crops like cotton,jute,fiber flax, tobacco,soybeans,linseed flax,and corn.The potential for utilizing plants as sources of energy has been little exploited.When this happens the production of food may be placed further in jeopardy.To increase crop production,four important inputs need major attention: water,fertilizer,pest control,and crop variety.The first three-water,fertilizer, and pest control-relate to cultural practices that provide a more desirable environment in which to grow the crop.The fourth-the crop variety-relates to the inherent ability of the plant to produce within the environment provided.In other words,more productive plants and greater food production may result both by improving the environment for crop growth and by improving the heredity of the crop.Improving the heredity of a crop,stated most simply,is accomplished by breeding better varieties.Hereditary improvements in crop varieties are made in various ways.The improved variety may be more vigorous in its growth,thus producing a higher yield through the more efficient use of the sunlight,carbon dioxide,water,and plant nutrients available to it.Its structure may be altered so that it will stand until harvest with less loss from lodging or shattering.Plants may be selected with more tolerance to stress,so that a satisfactory yield will be harvested when environmental conditions over which the grower has no control are unfavorable.To accomplish this objective the breeder strives for early maturity,increased winter hardiness,or resistance to heat,drought,disease,and insect damage.Cultural practices to increase yield-fertilization,irrigation,application of chemicals for pest control-must be repeated with each new cropping season. Hereditary improvements are more or less permanent;by planting improved varieties,the benefits may be reaped over and over.Maximum crop production cannot be achieved either by use of superior cultural practices or by planting improved varieties alone.Without good production practices the high yield potential of a superior variety would by largely wasted.Neither will maximum benefits be realized from good production practices unless a potentially high yielding variety is grown.New words and expressionsinadequate a.不足的vigorous a.茂盛的explosive a.爆炸性的carbon dioxide二氧化碳specter n.幽灵,妖怪,缭绕心头的恐惧（或忧虑等）lodging n.倒伏malnutrition n.营养不良shattering n.裂荚（果）famine n.饥荒stress n.胁迫consume v.消耗，消费satisfactory a.令人满意的stimulant n.兴奋剂unfavorable a.不利的nut n.坚果strive for为实现…而努力jute n.黄麻maturity n.熟期，熟性flax n.亚麻winter hardiness越冬性linseed n.亚麻籽resistance n.抗性in jeopardy处于受损失的危险境地cultural practice栽培措施inherent a.内在的，遗传的permanent a.永久的productive a.高产的reap v.获得heredity n.遗传maximum a.最大的hereditary a.遗传的superior a.优越的UNIT4WHAT SHOULD A MODERN PLANT BREEDER LEARN?Botany.Plant breeders should be accomplished botanists in order to understand the taxonomy,anatomy,morphology,and reproduction of the plants with which they work..Genetics and Cytogenetics.The plant breeder needs a thorough understanding of the mechanism of heredity in plants since modern plant breeding methods are based on a knowledge of genetic principles and chromosome behavior.This knowledge is being extended to the molecular level with advances in biochemical genetics.Plant Physiology.Variety adaptation is determined by the response of plants to their environment,which includes the effects of heat,cold,drought, and soil nutrient response.The plant breeder strives to make inherent modifications of physiological processes that will enable the plant to function more efficiently.Plant Pathology.Plant disease reduces crop yields.Host resistance is an important means of combating many plant diseases.Evaluation of the response of the plant genotype to infection by the pathogen is an essential part of breeding for host plant resistance.Entomology.Biological control of insect populations by breeding for insect resistance is an important way of reducing insect damage in crop plants.Plant Biochemistry.Inherent improvements in the nutritive value of a crop variety are given attention by the plant breeder.Suitability for industrial utilization often determines the market demand for a particular variety of a crop. This includes such characteristics as the milling and baking qualities of a wheat variety,the cooking and eating qualities of a rice variety,the fiber qualities of a cotton variety.Biochemical genetics is contributing toward a better understanding of the structure and function of the gene.Statistics.The plant breeder compares the performance of many genetically different strains.Sound field plot techniques and suitable methods for statistical analyses of data are necessary to obtain reliable results and to interpret the results correctly.The application of statistical procedures has provided for a better understanding of the inheritance of quantitative characteristics and for predicting the possible genetic advance that may be obtained with particular systems of mating.Agronomy.In addition to all of these,the breeder of field crops should be a sound agronomist.Plant breeders should know crops and their production.They should understand what the farmer wants and needs in the way of new varieties.Only then will they be able to evaluate critically the breeding materials available to them,plan an efficient breeding program,and direct their breeding efforts toward the agronomically important objectives.These sciences are the tools with which the plant breeder works.The plant germplasms available to the breeder are the raw materials.The breeder uses knowledge of these sciences to fashion from the raw materials new and improved varieties of crop plants,just as an engineer uses knowledge of mathematics,physics,and chemistry in the construction of a new bridge,or a modern skyscraper.It is apparent that plant breeders cannot be specialists in all of these fields of plant science.In the practice of plant breeding they are not working exclusively in any of them.The work of plant breeders is to apply the whole of their knowledge of these sciences and their experience toward the development of superior varieties.If they should need additional information about the inheritance of a plant character with which they are working,or about a technique for measuring the resistance of plants to some environmental condition,they may conduct experiments to study those specific problems. Such specialized research is an adjunct to their plant breeding activities and the information gained may help them in the guidance and direction of their breeding research.Oftentimes a breeder may combine theoretical experimentation in one or more of these fields with breeding studies.This broadens understanding of these areas of knowledge and their relation to the breeder’s particular breeding problems and is a desirable activity to carry out in conjunction with a breeding program.Since the improvement of an important field crop like corn,wheat,cotton usually involves work in several of these fields of plant science,the most rapid advance is made when a team of specialists in genetics,plant physiology,plant pathology,entomology,and biochemistry work cooperatively with the plant breeder.The spectacular accomplishments in plant breeding are usually the result of such teamwork. Special knowledge and expertise may then be coordinated and directed toward the development of superior agronomic varieties.New words and expressionsaccomplished a.熟练的mill v.研磨botanist n.植物学家bake v.烘烤reproduction n.繁殖quality n.品质thorough a.彻底的，全面的performance n.表现genetic a.遗传的strain n.品系chromosome n.染色体sound a.正确的，合理的，有能力的，可靠的molecular a.分子的field plot田间试验biochemical a.生物化学的statistical a.统计的adaptation n.适应性，适应inheritance n.遗传host n.寄主quantitative a.数量的combat v.对抗，对付genetic advance遗传进展evaluation n.评价，鉴定mate v.交配genotype n.基因型system of mating繁殖系统pathogen n.病原agronomist n.农艺学家control n.防治agronomical a.农艺的suitability n.适合（性）adjunct(to)n.附属品，附加物germplasm n.种质in conjunction with与…一道fashion v.做成，制造cooperative a.协作的，合作的skyscraper n.摩天大楼spectacular a.出色的，辉煌的，精彩的specialist n.专家exclusive a.排他的UNIT5SELECTION AND BREEDING METHODSWhen initiating a breeding program for a physiological trait,the objective is to combine the physiological trait with other desired traits that have accumulated in elite selections or commercial varieties.Consequently,the breeder commonly makes controlled crosses involving two or more parental varieties.Three selection methods commonly used to manipulate plant populations in breeding programs are reviewed briefly in the following sections.Mass selectionMass selection refers to a procedure in which individual plants are selected in heterogeneous populations.The original populations may be obtained through artificial hybridization involving two or more parental varieties. Alternatively,they may be obtained by mixing seed of different sources and allowing interplant pollination to occur naturally.Seed from selected plants in each generation or cycle of selection is composited to form a new heterogeneous population and is used to grow the next generation.Selection may be for easily observed characters,such as higher or leaf angle,or for characters that require harvest and seed analysis,such as protein or oil content.The population is expected to be improved with each generation of selection.The improved population may be utilized directly as a new variety,or plants possessing desired characteristics may be selected and their seed increased to become a new variety.A third alternative is to utilize the improved population as a source of inbred lines in a hybrid breeding program.The likelihood of success using mass selection depends on many factors, including whether the crop is cross-or self-fertilized.In self-fertilized crops, little intercrossing occurs to the plants become homozygous at a rapid rate and new gene combinations are unlikely after a few generations.In contrast, crossing naturally occurs between plants of cross-fertilized crops;thus heterozygosity is maintained,and new gene combinations are formed each generation.However,effectiveness of selection is reduced by one-half in cross-fertilized as compared to self-fertilized species because seeds borne on cross-fertilized plants and used to advance to the next generation receive one-half of their genetic complement from a random(unselected)male parent.Another very important factor in determining the success of mass selection is the heritability of the character under selection.Traits such as yieldhave low heritability and are not well suited to mass selection of individual plants.However,mass selection can be effective for highly heritable traits.For example,it should be possible to effectively change leaf area,leaf angle,or shape and size of inflorescence by mass selection.Pedigree SelectionIn pedigree selection both families and plants within families are evaluated. Seed for the next generation comes from individual plants,and individual plant progenies are kept separate throughout the several generations of selection. The name pedigree is applied since it is usually possible to trace the lineage of a plant or line in an advanced generation back to the F2or F1plant from which it was derived.Pedigree selection is used extensively in breeding self-fertilizing crops and in developing inbred lines for use as parents of hybrid varieties.Plant material(populations)for pedigree selection often is obtained by crossing parental varieties that possess between them the traits and genes desired in a new variety.When each parent is homozygous,the F1progeny plants are genetically similar,and selection is not effective in this F1generation. In the F2generation each plant is genetically different,and desirable plants are selected.Effectiveness of selection in the F2generation depends on many factors,including the amount of genetic variation for the character being selected and the influence of environment on the character.As a general rule selection in the F2generation is not done for traits of low heritability or for traits whose measurement is time-consuming or expensive.The pattern of selection followed is similar in the F3,F4and F5generations. In these generations,the best families are chosen first,and then individual plants within the elite families are selected.Seed from the selected plants is used to grow the families of the next generation.Selection on the family basis, which is frequently very effective,is an important advantage of pedigree selection compared to some other selection methods.Each generation affords a repeated opportunity for family selection.Pedigree selection is more expensive than mass selection but the gain from selection may more than offset the increased costs.Also,plant breeders have found ways to mechanize planting and harvesting so that costs can be kept low.Following the F5generation,it is customary to begin replicated testing for yield and other lowly heritable traits such as milling and baking quality in wheat. Yield evaluation normally requires3to4years beginning with preliminary trails at one or two locations.Backcross MethodThe backcross method of breeding differs in objective and procedure from the mass and pedigree selection methods.The objective in most backcross programs is to improve an existing variety or inbred line by adding a desirable character not possessed by the variety.The procedure entails transferring the useful character from a donor line to the desirable variety or inbred line.The transfer is accomplished by making a cross between the desirable variety, called the recurrent parent,and the donor line.Repeated crosses (backcrosses)to the recurrent parent are made with progeny selected for the desired character from the donor.The proportion of the genes coming from the donor variety is reduced by one-half with each backcross to the recurrent parent;after n crosses and backcrosses the proportion is(1/2)n.Thus,with six backcrosses after the original cross,the proportion of germplasm from the donor parent theoretically is(1/2)7=1/128.Except for the gene transferred, donor genes are rapidly replaced by genes of the recurrent parent.The most extensive use of backcrossing has been to transfer single genes for disease resistance into standard varieties.These programs have shown that it is generally possible to transfer a character from one line to another when one gene controls the character being transferred.Backcrossing is less suitable for characters controlled by more than one or two genes.Another important consideration in backcross breeding is the extent to which all of the genes from the recurrent parent are recovered after repeated backcrosses. Failure to recover all of the genes of the recurrent parent is serious when undesirable genes are closely linked to the donor gene.The formula given above does not apply for genes linked to the gene being transferred.Backcrossing may be of special interest in breeding for physiological traits controlled by one or two genes found in otherwise inferior genetic backgrounds. When this is the case,the backcrossing procedure would be helpful in incorporating the desired trait into a good genetic background.New words and expressionsinitiate v.启动complement n.需要的数额program n.程序，计划genetic complement遗传组成（分）accumulate v.积累male parent父本elite n.精英，顶尖individual a.,n.个体（的）commercial a.商业的，商用的heritable a.可遗传的select v.选择inflorescence n.花序heterogeneous a.异质的，不同源的pedigree n.系谱，家谱hybridization n.杂交family n.家（系），科interplant a.植物间的progeny n.后代pollination n.授粉separate a.隔离的，分开的cycle n.轮，周期，循环trace back追溯composite v.混合，合成lineage n.血统，世系protein n.蛋白质line n.系，家系content n.含量derive(from)v.衍生，产生increase v.增加，繁殖hybrid variety n.杂种品种hybrid breeding杂种选育pattern n.模式，方式fertilize v.受精，施肥offset v.补偿，抵消cross-fertilized自由授粉mechanize v.使…机械化self-fertilized自花授粉customary a.习惯上的，依照惯例的intercross v.互交replicate v.重复，复制homozygous a.纯合的preliminary a.初步的combination n.组合trial n.试验heterozygosity n.杂合（性）location n.地点，位置bear v.结（实）backcross n.,v.回交advance v.提升，进步original a.最早的，原始的entail v.涉及theoretically ad.理论上transfer v.转移standard variety标准品种donor n.供体，提供者recover v.回复，恢复recurrent a.周期性的，经常发生的link v.连接，结合recurrent parent轮回亲本closely linked紧密连锁proportion n.比例，部分genetic background遗传背景UNIT6MAN AS AN EXPLOITER OF NATUREFor perhaps3,000,000years or more,man lived in reasonable balance with the organisms about him.Parasites,disease,and the difficult search for food kept man’s numbers low and he was on equal footing with other animals within the natural system.Although he utilized the plants and animals that surrounded him,the extent of his depredations was limited and reversible since his numbers were few.More than10,000years ago however,man learned to select and cultivate plants,a progressive step that helped free him from the labor of bare subsistence and allowed him to engage in creative endeavors and to congregate in ever larger groups for mutual benefits.His heightened capacity for reasoning,his memory,and his ingenuity led him to improve still further his well-being.It was then that the consequences of man’s activities began to extend beyond the borders of his limited fields and towns. He may have extinguished such Pleistocene animals as the woolly mammoth. His use of fire on the prairies appears to have maintained grasslands where otherwise trees might have grown.The smoke from these fires and from extensive slash-and-burn agriculture filled the skies with haze long before photochemical smog ever stung his eyes.By his ingenuity and inventiveness he learned to release energy by burning coal and oil,to manufacture machines that would greatly amplify the labors of his hands,to work metals and to forge new alloys,while at the same time selecting,and cultivating better crops and improving his domesticated stock of animals.These various skills and practices eventually encouraged the world-wide proliferation of man.Man discovered the benefits of mining the great ore deposits,pumping the reservoirs of oil,digging the rich coal beds from carboniferous strata,plowing and planting the prairies,cutting the forests,and generally helping himself to the abundant and apparently limitless resources of the world.In the process he became sedentary rather than nomadic,he improved his health,extended his life span,reduced his working time,added leisure hours,lived more comfortably,increased the abundance of his food supply,and increased in numbers exponentially(10to100to1,000).He could hunt,fish,harvest,and exploit without concern for the consequences to the environment.Then suddenly,very suddenly,within the most recent decades of man’s time on Earth,he began to realize that resources were limited and hastily instigated some attempts to conserve the environment.Still,his behaviour generally belied any conviction that he should live in a prudent society.Man’s population。
学位,专业名称英语翻译
学位名称、专业名称及主要课程中英文对照各学院（原系）中英文对照生物技术学院 College of Biotechnology生命科学学院 College of Life Science资源环境学院 College of Environment and Natural Resources资源环境学院 College of Resources and Environment林学院 College of Forestry经济贸易学院 College of Economics and Trade经济管理学院 College of Economics Management工程技术学院 College of Polytechnics工程学院 College of Engineering农业工程系 Department of Agricultural Engineering理学院 College of Sciences信息学院 College of Information人文学院 College of Humanities公管管理学院 College of Public Management农学系 Department of Agronomy园艺系 Department of Horticulture蚕桑系 Department of Sericulture艺术设计学院 College of Art Design动物科学系 Department of Animal Science动物科学学院 College of Animal Science兽医学院 College of Veterinary Science食品科学系 Department of Food Science食品学院 College of Food艺术学院 College of Arts水利与土木工程学院 College of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering各学位名称对照农学士 Agriculture工学士 Engineering理学士 Sciences哲学士 Philosophy经济学士 Economics管理学士 Management文学士 Arts各专业中英文名称对照工商管理 Business Administration金融学 Finance and Banking经济学 Economics会计学 Accounting农林经济管理 Agricultural/forest Economy Management社会工作 Social Work英语 English生物技术 Biotechnology机械设计及其自动化 Machine Design & Manufacturing and Their Automation 信息管理与信息系统 Information Management & Information Systems电子信息工程 Electronic and Information Engineering农业机械化及其自动化 Agricultural Mechanization And Its Automation农业电气化与自动化 Agricultural Electrification and Automation土木工程 Civil Engineering交通运输 Traffic and Transportation应用化学 Applied chemistry计算机科学与技术 Computer Science and Technology植物保护 Plant Protection土地资源管理 Land Resources Management农业资源与环境 Agricultural Resources and Environment土地资源管理 Land Resources Management农学 Agronomy茶学 Tea Science食品科学与工程 Food Science and Engineering园艺 Horticulture木材科学与工程 Wood Science and Engineering森林资源保护与游憩 Forest Resources Conservation and Recreation林学 Forestry园林 Landscape Gardening动物科学 Animal Science动物医学 Veterinary Medicine蚕学 Sericulture法学 Law食品科学与工程 Food Science and Engineering服装设计与工程 Apparel Design and Engineering管理信息系统 Management Information Systems土壤与农业化学 Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry土地规划与利用 Land Planning and Utilization农业环境保护 Agricultural Environment Protection木材加工 Wood Processing经济林 Economic Forest农业经济与管理 Agricultural Economics and Management贸易经济 Trade Economics企业管理 Industrial Management国际金融 International Trade农业机械化 Agricultural Mechanization机械设计 Design and Manufacturing汽车运用工程 Mobile Application中国社会主义建设 Chinese Socialist Construction作物遗传育种 Plant Genetics and Breeding果树 Pomology动物营养与饲料加工 Animal Nutrition and Feed Processing畜牧 Animal Husbandry农业工程 Agricultural Engineering家具设计与室内装饰 Furniture Design and Room Decoration市场策划与营销 Market Planning and Marketing土地经济与房地产管理 Land Economics and Real Estate Management精细化工 Fine Chemistry财务管理与计算机 Financial Management and Computer经贸英语 Business English公共关系与秘书 Public Relation茶叶加工与贸易 Tea Processing And Trade花卉与庭园工程 Floriculture And Gardening丝绸与贸易 Silk And Trade养禽与禽病防治 Poultry Raising And Disease Control微生物发酵技术与贸易 Microorganism Fermentation And Trade各学院（原系）主要课程中英文对照生物技术学院(College of Biotechnology)生命科学学院(College of Life Science)化学除草原理与技术 Principles and application of weed chemistry control 种子生理 Seed physiology组织培养技术 Technology of tissue culture果蔬保鲜原理与技术 Techniques in preservation of fruit & vegetable植物学 Botany酶工程 Enzyme engineering植物显微技术 Botanical microtechnique细胞生物学 Cell biology农田杂草 Farmland weed普通生态学 General ecology药用植物资源利用 Resources and utilization of medicinal plant生物化学研究技术 Techniques in biochemistry researches分析与检测技术 Technology of test and analysis动物生物化学 Animal biochemistry基因工程 Genetic engineering文献查阅与综述方法 Document searching and reviewing植物生物化学 Plant biochemistry蛋白质工程 Protein engineering分子生物学 Molecular biology植物生物化学实验 Plant biochemistry experiment遗传（基因）工程导论 Introduction to genetic engineering辐照基础与应用 Basis and application of irradiation technology辐射生物学 Irradiational biology免疫学 Immunology同位素示踪原理及其应用技术 Isotopic tracer technique reason and appliance 同位素应用技术 Application of isotopes生物电子显微技术 Electron microscope and preparation of biological specimen 仪器分析 Instrumental analysis现代仪器分析与食品检测 Modern instrumental analysis and food inspection农业与温室气体（排放） Agriculture greenhouse effect gases电镜技术 Electron microscope technique植物生理学 Plant physiology生物物理学 Biophysics生态学 Ecology核素应用技术 The application of nuclide农业电子技术 The electronic technology of agriculture食品科学系 Department of Food Science食品学院 College of Food Science普通微生物学 General microbiology农业微生物学 Agricultural microbiology食品微生物学 Food microbiology环境微生物学 Environmental microbiology微生物学实验技术 Experimental technique in microbiology食品微生物学实验 Microbiological test of food发酵工艺学原理 Principles of fermentation technology微生物遗传育种 Microbial genetics and strain improvement食品生物化学 Biochemistry of food products食品添加济 Additives of food products食物酶学 Enzyme engineering of food食品分析 Food analysis食品营养学 Food nutriology食品工艺学 Food technology果蔬加工学 Processing of fruit and vegetable食品工厂设计 The design of food factory乳品学 Dairy science &technology蛋品学 Egg science & technology肉品学 Meat science & technology食品工程原理 Principles of food engineering农产品加工学 Agricultural products processing technology食品机械与设备 Food machinery and equipment食品包装学 Food packaging动物科学系 Department of Animal Science动物科学学院 College of Animal Science动物生理学 Animal physiology家畜行为学 Ethnology of domestic animals饲料卫生学 Feed hygienic配合饲料工艺学 Technology of formula feed单胃动物营养学 Nutrition of unistomach animals反刍动物营养学 Ruminant nutrition饲料检测技术 The technique of feed checking and analysis饲料生产学 Feed production饲料添加剂学 Feed addition家畜饲料学附饲料分析 Livestock feeding and feeds analysis饲料原料及加工贮藏 Feed ingredients and processing and storage动物饲养学 Animal feeding动物营养学基本原理 The basal principle of animal nutrition配合饲料技术 The technique of formular feed普通畜牧学 Animal husbandry淡水养鱼学 Culture of fresh-water fish动物学 Zoology家禽学 Poultry science珍禽学 Science of rare birds家畜育种学 Poultry breeding家禽孵化学 Poultry hatching家畜环境卫生学 Livestock environment hygiene牛生产学 Cattle production家兔生产学 Rabbit production猪生产学 Swine production畜牧家畜育种学 Animal breeding数量遗传学 Quantitative genetics动物遗传学 Animal genetics生物统计附试验设计 Biological statistics养犬与养猫 Canine and feline production家畜繁殖学 Animal reproduction动物遗传育种 Animal Genetics & Breeding动物生产学 Animal production动物医学系(Department of Veterinary Medicine )兽医学院(College of Veterinary Medicine)家畜解剖学 The anatomy of the domestic animals禽病学 Diseases of poultry家畜病理学 The pathology of the domestic animals动物组织学与胚胎学 Histology and embryology of the domestic animals 家畜解剖学及组织胚胎学家禽普通病学 General diseases of poultry中兽医学 Traditional Chinese veterinary medicine兽医临床诊断学 Clinical diagnosis of veterinarian家禽传染病学 Avian infectious diseases家禽内科学 Internal medicine of domestic animals家禽药理学 Poultry pharmacology兽医药理学 Veterinary pharmacology家畜寄生虫学 Parasitology of domestic animals家禽病理学 Pathology of poultry兽医产科学 Veterinary breeding家畜外科学 Veterinary surgery兽医应用免疫学 Veterinary applied immunology动物性食品卫生学 Animal food hygiene家畜传染病学 Infections disease of domestic animals兽医学 Veterinary medicine兽医药理学的毒理学 Veterinary pharmacy toxicology理学院(College of Science)计算机关系数据库 Relationship database计算机应用基础 Fundamentals of computer application计算机应用基础 Computer applicationC语言程序设计 Programming in C物理化学 Physical chemistry有机化学 Organic chemistry分析化学 Analytical chemistry普通化学 General chemistry化工仪表 Chemical engineering and meter化学实验 Experiment in general chemistry大学物理 College physics应用电子技术 The application of electronic technology 概率论 Probability theory线性代数 Linear algebra高等数学 Advanced mathematics必修课 The required courses选修课 Optional courses限选课 Limited optional courses实践课 Practical courses军训 Military training专业劳动 Work in specialty and for production教学实践 Practice in the course生产实习 Training for working毕业论文（设计） The thesis or designing for graduation 物化胶化 Physical colloid chemistry人文科学学院(College of Humanities)法律基础 Fundamentals of law社会主义人生实践 The socialist practice in one’s life 形势政策教育 The education of situation and policy马克思主义原理 The course on Marxist theories中国革命史 The history of Chinese revolution中国革命的理论与实践 The theory and practice of the Chinese revolution社会调查研究理论与方法 Theory and method on social investigation and research 中国社会主义建设China’s socialist construction国际贸易 International trade经济法学 Economic law中国社会主义市场经济概论An introduction to china’s socialist market eco nomy 政治经济学 Political economics西方经济学 Western economics行政管理学 Administration management应用写作 Practical writing思想教育 Ideological education自然科学方法论 The methodology of natural science逻辑学 Logic农业文献检索 Agricultural literature indexing专业英语 Special English体育 Physical training毛泽东思想概论 An introduction to Mao zedong thought邓小平理论概论 An introduction to Deng xiaoping theory教育学 Pedagogy思想道德修养 Thought & moral training教学法 Teaching method应用写作 Practical writing农业史 Agricultural history经济贸易学院(College of Economics and Trade)乡镇企业管理学院(College of Rural Enterprise Management)宏观经济学 Macroeconomics微观经济学 Microeconomics政治经济学 Political economics发展经济学 Development economics农业经济学 Agricultural economics外国农业经济 Foreign agricultural economics中国经济地理 Economy geography in China经济法学 The law of economics国际商法 International commercial law管理信息系统 Management information system农业会计学 Agricultural accounting消费经济学 Consumption economics电算化会计原理 Computer accounting成本会计 Cost accounting统计学原理 Principle of statistics商品流通统计 Accounting in commodity circulation金融统计 Financial statistics会计学原理 Principle of accounting商品流通企业会计 Business accounting in commodity circulation 财务会计学 Financial accounting审计学 Auditing银行会计 Bank accounting农业政策学 Agricultural policy管理学原理 Principle management企业学原理 Business management房地产经营管理 Administration and management of real estate 银行经营管理 Administration and management of bank商业企业经营管理 Business administration and management涉外企业管理 Foreign business management资源经济学 Resource economics农产品贸易学 Agricultural products trade国际贸易 International trade进出口贸易实务 Practice in import-Export trade市场营销学 Marketing国际市场营销学 International marketing财政学 Public finance国际金融 International finance证券投资 Investment on securities公共关系学 Public relations货币银行学 Economics of money and banking投资经济学 Economics of investment国际结算 International settlement银行信贷学 Bank credit财政金融 Public finance and monetary economics期货交易理论与实务 Theory and practices of futures土地经济学 Land economics乡镇企业经济管理The economic management of tow’s enterprise 经济计量学 Economical estimate审计学 audit农学系(Department of Agronomy)农学院(College of Agriculture)制茶学 Manufacture of tea作物育种学（各论） Crop breeding作物育种学（总论） Crop breeding (general discourse)种子学原理 Principles of seed science农业管理学 Agricultural management农产品综合利用 Comprehensive utilization of crop products耕作学 Cultivation science经济作物学 Industry crop science农业气象基础 Agrometeorology遗传学 Genetics茶树栽培学 Tea cultivation茶叶审评与检验 Tea tasting and inspection试验设计与统计分析 Experimental designs and statistical analyses农业生态学 Agroecology农业自然资源利用及农业区划 Utilization of agricultural resources and agricultural regionalization 茶树能种学 Tea plant breeding粮食作物学 Food crop science茶叶生物化学 Biochemistry of tea农业推广学 Agricultural popularization农业环境保护 Agricultural environmental protection作物栽培学与耕作学 Crop cultivation & geoponics蚕桑系(Department of Sericulture)艺术设计学院(College of Art Design)蚕桑综合利用 Silkworm-mulberry multipurpose utilization茧丝学 Cocoon silk science养蚕学 Seri cultural science蚕体解剖生理 Anatomy and physiology of silkworm桑树栽培及育种学 Mulberry cultivation & breeding桑树病虫害防治学蚕种学 Silkworm egg production家蚕遗传育种 Silkworm genetic of thremmatology遗传学 Genetics蚕病学 Silkworm pathology蚕桑学 Sericulture园艺系(Department of Horticulture)园艺学院(College of Horticulture)插花艺术 Art of floweral arrangement蔬菜育种学 Vegetable breeding花卉园艺学 Floriculture园艺商品学 Marketing of horticultural product园艺设施栽培 Horticultural facilities culture植物显微技术 Plant microtechnology园艺通论 General horticulture园艺昆虫学 Horticultural entomology园艺植物育种学 Plant breeding in horticulture果树生理学 Fruit tree physiology园艺研究法 Horticulture studies果树栽培学总论 Pomology园艺产品贮藏保鲜学 Techniques in preservation of horticultural products园艺植物病理学 The pest control of horticulture plant花卉保鲜学 Techniques in preservation of flowers & plants园艺植物生理学 Horticulture plant pathology蔬菜栽培学 Vegetable culture盆景艺术 Pruning采后生理 Post harvest physiology果树抗性育种专题 Special topic on fruit tree resistance园艺植物的生物技术 The biotechnique of horticultural plant园艺概论 An outline of horticulture蔬菜学 Olericulture果树学 Pomology工程技术学院(College of polytechnics)工程学院(College of Engineering)建筑电工 Architectural electrotechnics电工学 Electrotechnics工业电子学 Industrial electronics材料力学 Strength of materials建筑力学（结构力学部分） Mechanics of structure理论力学 Theoretical mechanics机械设计 Machinery design机械原理 Theory of machine and mechanism画法几何学 Drawing geometry机械制图 Engineering drawing工程制图 Engineering drawing园林工程制图 Landscape drawing建筑制图 Building drawing液压技术2 Hydraulic technique 2机械工程材料 Materials of mechanical engineering机床夹具设计原理 Theory of jig design for machine tool冷冲工艺及冷冲模设计 Punching technology and punch die design金属切削原理与刀具 Principle of l cutting and cutting tool金属工艺学 l technology机械制造工艺学 Manufactural technology of machinery金属工艺学 l technology液压技术1 Hydraulic technique 1汽车维修理论 Theory of automobile service汽车运输学 Transportation of automobile互换性与测量技术 Interchangeability and technical measurement汽车构造 Construction of automobile汽车运用工程 Automobile application engineering热工基础 Fundamental of thermo-technology食品干燥工艺与设备 Food drying technology and equipment食品包装机械 Food packaging machinery农业机械学 Agricultural machinery食品工程原理 Theory of food process engineering食品加工机械与设备 Foot processing machinery and equipments砼与砌体结构 Reinforce concrete建筑构造 Structure of building建筑材料 Constructional material建筑施工技术与施工组织 Technology and planning of building operation单层工业厂房排架结构设计 The design of single-factory building with d structure 高层建筑结构设计 Design of high rise building民用建筑设计原理 Design of civil architecture农业系统工程及管理工程 Systems engineering and management engineering资源环境学院(College of Resources and Environment)环境监测 Environmental monitoring土壤农业化学 Agrochemistry analysis生产布局学原理 Principle of productive distribution城镇建设用地管理 Management of land urban construction城市规划原理 Principle of urban planning资源经济学 Resources economics经济地理 Economic geography土地资源调查 Land resources survey地图绘编 Map establishment遥感技术基础 Fundamental of remote sensing technology土地信息系统 Land information system地籍管理 Land management土地规划学 Land planning science土地管理学 Land management土地经济学 Land economic房地产管理 Management of real estate房地产估价 Appraisement of real estate固体废物的处理与处置 Treatment & disposal wastes城市污泥的农业再循环与生态环境 The agricultural recycling of municipal sludge and the ecological environment 大气污染控制工程 Air pollution controlling engineering环境质量评价 Environmental quality assessment环境化学 Environmental chemistry水体污染控制工程 Water pollution controlling engineering环境生态 Environmental ecology土壤污染与防治 Soil pollution环境保护概论 Introduction of environmental protection农业环境保护概论 Introduction of agricultural environmental protection无土栽培原理与技术 Theories and techniques of soilless culture农业化学总论 Introduction of agrochemistry作物施肥原理 Principles of crop fertilization作物营养研究法 Methodology of plant nutrition土壤物理学 Soil physics土壤学 Pedology环境土壤学 Environmental pedology土壤化学 Soil chemistry土壤粘粒矿物 Mineral of soil clay fration土质学基础 Basis of geology土壤地理学 Soil geography区域土壤学 Regional pedology土壤资源调查 Soil resources survey茶树病虫害(病害部分) Tea disease and pest (disease section)植物检疫学 Quarantine for pests植物病毒学 Plant virology果树病理学 Fruit tree pathology果蔬病害 Fruit and vegetable diseases植物免疫学 Plant immunology普通昆虫学 General entomology真菌资源及利用 Fungal resources and their utilization除草剂毒理学 Toxicology of herbicides植物病害生物防治学 Biological prevention and control of plant diseases害虫生物防治 Biological control杀菌剂毒理学 Toxicology of fungicides植物病害流行学 Epidemiology of plant diseases农业螨类学 Agricultural acarology害虫综合防治 Integrated pest management生物统计学 Biometrics城市昆虫学 Civil entomology作物抗虫育种原理及应用 Principle and application of resistant plant breeding 植物病原细菌学 Plant bacteriology植物病理学 Plant pathology真菌分类学 Taxonomy of fungi植物线虫学 Plant nematology农业植物病理学 Agricultural phytopathology普通植物病理学 General phytopathology果蔬昆虫学 Fruit plant & vegetable entomology果蔬贮运病害 Fruit and vegetable diseases during storage食用真菌学 Edible fung林学院 College of Forestry数理统计 Mathematical statistics遗传学 Genetics树木育种学 Forest tree breeding树木育苗学 Tree seeds and nursery stock science自然保护区学 Science of nature reserve造林学 Silviculture林业技术经济学 Forestry technology economics森林经营学 Forest management林业经济管理学 Management of forestry economics林业政策与法规 Policies and laws of forestry会计学原理 Fundamentals of accounting树木病理学 Forest pathology测树学 Forest measuration测量学 Surveying森林生态学 Forest ecology森林土壤学 Forest soil science森林经理学 Forest management森林昆虫学 Forest entomology树木学 Dendrology机械设计基础 Fundamentals of mechanical design厂内运输 Equipment of transit in factory胶合板制造学 The manufacturing of plywood木材加工企业管理 Forest products management胶粘剂与涂料 Adhesive and paint木材学 Wood science木材干燥 Timber drying木制品生产工艺学 Tec manufacturing of wood products纤维板制造学 Fiberboard manufacturing technology刨花板制造学 The manufacturing of particleboard木材切削原理与刀具 The principles of wood cutting and tools木工机械 Wood machinery土壤学 Soil science经济林育种学 Economic forest breeding经济林昆虫学 Economic forest entomology经济林病理学 Economic forest pathology经济林栽培学 Economic forest culture园林设计 Parks and gardens design造型艺术 Plastic art城市绿地规划 City open spaces planning园林树木栽培养护学 Garden tree cultivation园林树木学 Ornamental dendrology园林专业绘画课 Painting of landscape architecture城市规划基础 Fundamentals of city planning城市园林绿化经济管理 Economic management of urban landscape gardening风景园林设计初步 Elementary landscape architecture design园林植物病理学 Ornamental plant pathology园林昆虫学 Ornamental plant entomology园林史 History of landscape architecture园林工程 Landscape architectural engineering土壤学 Soil science城市生态学 Urban ecology森林保护学 Forest protection（注：本资料素材和资料部分来自网络，仅供参考。
大学中的各学院专业英语名称
大学中的各学院专业英语名称学院简称专业名称专业简称农学院农学Agronomy 农学植物科学与技术Plant Science and Technology 植科种子科学与工程Seed Science and Engineering 种子植保学院植物保护Plant Protection 植保制药工程Pharmaceutical Engineering 制药园艺学院园艺Horticulture 园艺设施农业科学与工程Facility Agriculture Science and Engineering 设施动科学院动物科学Animal Science 动科草业科学Pratacultural Science 草业水产养殖Aquaculture 水产林学院林学Forestry 林学园林Landscape and Gardening园林林产化工Chemical Processing of Forest 林化艺术设计Artistic Designing艺术森林资源保护与游憩Forest Resources 森保资环学院资源环境与城乡规划管理Urban and ural Planning & Resource Management 城管资源环境科学（农业资源与环境）Resources and Environmental Sciences 资环环境科学Environmental Science环科地理信息系统Geographical Information System 地信水建学院水文与水资源工程Hydrology and Water Resource Engineering 水文农业水利工程Agricultural Water Conservancy Engineering农水热能与动力工程Thermal Energy and Power Engineering 热动农业建筑环境与能源工程Agricultural Structure, Environment and Energy Engineering 农建水利水电工程Water Conservancy and Hydropower Engineering 水工土木工程Civil Engineering土木电气工程及其自动化Electrical Engineering and Automation 电气城市规划Urban Planning 城规机电学院电子信息工程Electronic Information Engineering 电信机械电子工程Mechatronic Engineering 机电机械设计制造及其自动化Mechine Design & Manufacturing and Automation 机制农业机械化及其自动化Agricultural Mechanization and Automation 机化农业电气化与自动化Agricultural Electrification and Automation 农化包装工程Packaging Engineering 包装工业设计Industry Design工设木材科学与工程Wood Science and Engineering 木材信息学院计算机科学与技术Computer Science and Technology 计算机信息管理与信息系统Information Management and Information System 信管软件工程Software Engineering软件食品学院食品科学与工程Food Science and Engineering 食工食品质量与安全Food Quality and Safety Engineering 食安葡酒学院葡萄与葡萄酒工程（酿酒工程）Viticulture and Enological Engineering 葡酒生命学院生物技术Biotechnology 生技生物工程Bioengineering生工生物科学Biological Science生科经管学院国际经济与贸易International Economics and Trade 国贸会计学Accounting会计金融学Finance金融土地资源管理Land Resources Management 土管经济学Economics经济农林经济管理Agricultural/ Forest Economy Management 农经工商管理Business Administration工商电子商务Electronic Commerce电商旅游管理（森林资源保护与游憩）Tourism Management 旅管公共事业管理Public Utilities Management 公管市场营销Marketing营销保险Insurance保险人文学院法学Law 法学社会学Sociology社会政治学与行政学Political Science and Administrative Science 行政理学院应用化学Applied Chemistry 应化信息与计算科学Information and Computing Science 信计动医学院动物医学Animal Medicine 动医外语系英语English英语创新学院国家生命科学与技术人才培养基地班（生物技术）National Training Base for Life Science and Technology （Biotechnology）生技基地班国家生命科学与技术人才培养基地班（生物工程）National Training Base for Life Science and Technology（Bioengineering）生工基地班植物科学类创新实验班Innovation Experiment of Plant Science植科创新班经济管理类创新实验班Innovation Experiment of Economy Management经管创新班动物科学类创新实验班Innovation Experiment of Animal Science动科创新班轻加工类创新实验班Innovation Experiment of Light Industry轻工创新班。
(整理)学位,专业名称英语翻译.
学位名称、专业名称及主要课程中英文对照各学院（原系）中英文对照生物技术学院College of Biotechnology生命科学学院College of Life Science资源环境学院College of Environment and Natural Resources资源环境学院College of Resources and Environment林学院College of Forestry经济贸易学院College of Economics and Trade经济管理学院College of Economics Management工程技术学院College of Polytechnics工程学院College of Engineering农业工程系Department of Agricultural Engineering理学院College of Sciences信息学院College of Information人文学院College of Humanities公管管理学院College of Public Management农学系Department of Agronomy园艺系Department of Horticulture蚕桑系Department of Sericulture艺术设计学院College of Art Design动物科学系Department of Animal Science动物科学学院College of Animal Science兽医学院College of Veterinary Science食品科学系Department of Food Science食品学院College of Food艺术学院College of Arts水利与土木工程学院College of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering各学位名称对照农学士Agriculture工学士Engineering理学士Sciences哲学士Philosophy经济学士Economics管理学士Management文学士Arts各专业中英文名称对照工商管理Business Administration金融学Finance and Banking经济学Economics会计学Accounting农林经济管理Agricultural/forest Economy Management社会工作Social Work英语English生物技术Biotechnology机械设计及其自动化Machine Design & Manufacturing and Their Automation 信息管理与信息系统Information Management & Information Systems电子信息工程Electronic and Information Engineering农业机械化及其自动化Agricultural Mechanization And Its Automation农业电气化与自动化Agricultural Electrification and Automation土木工程Civil Engineering交通运输Traffic and Transportation应用化学Applied chemistry计算机科学与技术Computer Science and Technology植物保护Plant Protection土地资源管理Land Resources Management农业资源与环境Agricultural Resources and Environment土地资源管理Land Resources Management农学Agronomy茶学Tea Science食品科学与工程Food Science and Engineering园艺Horticulture木材科学与工程Wood Science and Engineering森林资源保护与游憩Forest Resources Conservation and Recreation林学Forestry园林Landscape Gardening动物科学Animal Science动物医学Veterinary Medicine蚕学Sericulture法学Law食品科学与工程Food Science and Engineering服装设计与工程Apparel Design and Engineering管理信息系统Management Information Systems土壤与农业化学Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry土地规划与利用Land Planning and Utilization农业环境保护Agricultural Environment Protection木材加工Wood Processing经济林Economic Forest农业经济与管理Agricultural Economics and Management贸易经济Trade Economics企业管理Industrial Management国际金融International Trade农业机械化Agricultural Mechanization机械设计Design and Manufacturing汽车运用工程Mobile Application中国社会主义建设Chinese Socialist Construction作物遗传育种Plant Genetics and Breeding果树Pomology动物营养与饲料加工Animal Nutrition and Feed Processing畜牧Animal Husbandry农业工程Agricultural Engineering家具设计与室内装饰Furniture Design and Room Decoration市场策划与营销Market Planning and Marketing土地经济与房地产管理Land Economics and Real Estate Management 精细化工Fine Chemistry财务管理与计算机Financial Management and Computer经贸英语Business English公共关系与秘书Public Relation茶叶加工与贸易Tea Processing And Trade花卉与庭园工程Floriculture And Gardening丝绸与贸易Silk And Trade养禽与禽病防治Poultry Raising And Disease Control微生物发酵技术与贸易Microorganism Fermentation And Trade各学院（原系）主要课程中英文对照生物技术学院(College of Biotechnology)生命科学学院(College of Life Science)化学除草原理与技术Principles and application of weed chemistry control 种子生理Seed physiology组织培养技术Technology of tissue culture果蔬保鲜原理与技术Techniques in preservation of fruit & vegetable植物学Botany酶工程Enzyme engineering植物显微技术Botanical microtechnique细胞生物学Cell biology农田杂草Farmland weed普通生态学General ecology药用植物资源利用Resources and utilization of medicinal plant生物化学研究技术Techniques in biochemistry researches分析与检测技术Technology of test and analysis动物生物化学Animal biochemistry基因工程Genetic engineering文献查阅与综述方法Document searching and reviewing植物生物化学Plant biochemistry蛋白质工程Protein engineering分子生物学Molecular biology植物生物化学实验Plant biochemistry experiment遗传（基因）工程导论Introduction to genetic engineering辐照基础与应用Basis and application of irradiation technology辐射生物学Irradiational biology免疫学Immunology同位素示踪原理及其应用技术Isotopic tracer technique reason and appliance 同位素应用技术Application of isotopes生物电子显微技术Electron microscope and preparation of biological specimen 仪器分析Instrumental analysis现代仪器分析与食品检测Modern instrumental analysis and food inspection农业与温室气体（排放）Agriculture greenhouse effect gases电镜技术Electron microscope technique植物生理学Plant physiology生物物理学Biophysics生态学Ecology核素应用技术The application of nuclide农业电子技术The electronic technology of agriculture食品科学系Department of Food Science食品学院College of Food Science普通微生物学General microbiology农业微生物学Agricultural microbiology食品微生物学Food microbiology环境微生物学Environmental microbiology微生物学实验技术Experimental technique in microbiology食品微生物学实验Microbiological test of food发酵工艺学原理Principles of fermentation technology微生物遗传育种Microbial genetics and strain improvement食品生物化学Biochemistry of food products食品添加济Additives of food products食物酶学Enzyme engineering of food食品分析Food analysis食品营养学Food nutriology食品工艺学Food technology果蔬加工学Processing of fruit and vegetable食品工厂设计The design of food factory乳品学Dairy science &technology蛋品学Egg science & technology肉品学Meat science & technology食品工程原理Principles of food engineering农产品加工学Agricultural products processing technology食品机械与设备Food machinery and equipment食品包装学Food packaging动物科学系Department of Animal Science动物科学学院College of Animal Science动物生理学Animal physiology家畜行为学Ethnology of domestic animals饲料卫生学Feed hygienic配合饲料工艺学Technology of formula feed单胃动物营养学Nutrition of unistomach animals反刍动物营养学Ruminant nutrition饲料检测技术The technique of feed checking and analysis饲料生产学Feed production饲料添加剂学Feed addition家畜饲料学附饲料分析Livestock feeding and feeds analysis饲料原料及加工贮藏Feed ingredients and processing and storage动物饲养学Animal feeding动物营养学基本原理The basal principle of animal nutrition配合饲料技术The technique of formular feed普通畜牧学Animal husbandry淡水养鱼学Culture of fresh-water fish动物学Zoology家禽学Poultry science珍禽学Science of rare birds家畜育种学Poultry breeding家禽孵化学Poultry hatching家畜环境卫生学Livestock environment hygiene牛生产学Cattle production家兔生产学Rabbit production猪生产学Swine production畜牧家畜育种学Animal breeding数量遗传学Quantitative genetics动物遗传学Animal genetics生物统计附试验设计Biological statistics养犬与养猫Canine and feline production家畜繁殖学Animal reproduction动物遗传育种Animal Genetics & Breeding动物生产学Animal production动物医学系(Department of Veterinary Medicine )兽医学院(College of Veterinary Medicine)家畜解剖学The anatomy of the domestic animals禽病学Diseases of poultry家畜病理学The pathology of the domestic animals动物组织学与胚胎学Histology and embryology of the domestic animals 家畜解剖学及组织胚胎学家禽普通病学General diseases of poultry中兽医学Traditional Chinese veterinary medicine兽医临床诊断学Clinical diagnosis of veterinarian家禽传染病学Avian infectious diseases家禽内科学Internal medicine of domestic animals家禽药理学Poultry pharmacology兽医药理学Veterinary pharmacology家畜寄生虫学Parasitology of domestic animals家禽病理学Pathology of poultry兽医产科学Veterinary breeding家畜外科学Veterinary surgery兽医应用免疫学Veterinary applied immunology动物性食品卫生学Animal food hygiene家畜传染病学Infections disease of domestic animals兽医学Veterinary medicine兽医药理学的毒理学Veterinary pharmacy toxicology理学院(College of Science)计算机关系数据库Relationship database计算机应用基础Fundamentals of computer application 计算机应用基础Computer applicationC语言程序设计Programming in C物理化学Physical chemistry有机化学Organic chemistry分析化学Analytical chemistry普通化学General chemistry化工仪表Chemical engineering and meter化学实验Experiment in general chemistry大学物理College physics应用电子技术The application of electronic technology概率论Probability theory线性代数Linear algebra高等数学Advanced mathematics必修课The required courses选修课Optional courses限选课Limited optional courses实践课Practical courses军训Military training专业劳动Work in specialty and for production教学实践Practice in the course生产实习Training for working毕业论文（设计）The thesis or designing for graduation 物化胶化Physical colloid chemistry人文科学学院(College of Humanities)法律基础Fundamentals of law社会主义人生实践The socialist practice in one’s life形势政策教育The education of situation and policy马克思主义原理The course on Marxist theories中国革命史The history of Chinese revolution中国革命的理论与实践The theory and practice of the Chinese revolution社会调查研究理论与方法Theory and method on social investigation and research 中国社会主义建设China’s socialist construction国际贸易International trade经济法学Economic law中国社会主义市场经济概论An introduction to china’s socialist market eco nomy政治经济学Political economics西方经济学Western economics行政管理学Administration management应用写作Practical writing思想教育Ideological education自然科学方法论The methodology of natural science逻辑学Logic农业文献检索Agricultural literature indexing专业英语Special English体育Physical training毛泽东思想概论An introduction to Mao zedong thought邓小平理论概论An introduction to Deng xiaoping theory教育学Pedagogy思想道德修养Thought & moral training教学法Teaching method应用写作Practical writing农业史Agricultural history经济贸易学院(College of Economics and Trade)乡镇企业管理学院(College of Rural Enterprise Management)宏观经济学Macroeconomics微观经济学Microeconomics政治经济学Political economics发展经济学Development economics农业经济学Agricultural economics外国农业经济Foreign agricultural economics中国经济地理Economy geography in China经济法学The law of economics国际商法International commercial law管理信息系统Management information system农业会计学Agricultural accounting消费经济学Consumption economics电算化会计原理Computer accounting成本会计Cost accounting统计学原理Principle of statistics商品流通统计Accounting in commodity circulation金融统计Financial statistics会计学原理Principle of accounting商品流通企业会计Business accounting in commodity circulation 财务会计学Financial accounting审计学Auditing银行会计Bank accounting农业政策学Agricultural policy管理学原理Principle management企业学原理Business management房地产经营管理Administration and management of real estate 银行经营管理Administration and management of bank商业企业经营管理Business administration and management涉外企业管理Foreign business management资源经济学Resource economics农产品贸易学Agricultural products trade国际贸易International trade进出口贸易实务Practice in import-Export trade市场营销学Marketing国际市场营销学International marketing财政学Public finance国际金融International finance证券投资Investment on securities公共关系学Public relations货币银行学Economics of money and banking投资经济学Economics of investment国际结算International settlement银行信贷学Bank credit财政金融Public finance and monetary economics期货交易理论与实务Theory and practices of futures土地经济学Land economics乡镇企业经济管理The economic management of tow’s enterprise 经济计量学Economical estimate审计学audit农学系(Department of Agronomy)农学院(College of Agriculture)制茶学Manufacture of tea作物育种学（各论）Crop breeding作物育种学（总论）Crop breeding (general discourse)种子学原理Principles of seed science农业管理学Agricultural management农产品综合利用Comprehensive utilization of crop products耕作学Cultivation science经济作物学Industry crop science农业气象基础Agrometeorology遗传学Genetics茶树栽培学Tea cultivation茶叶审评与检验Tea tasting and inspection试验设计与统计分析Experimental designs and statistical analyses农业生态学Agroecology农业自然资源利用及农业区划Utilization of agricultural resources and agricultural regionalization 茶树能种学Tea plant breeding粮食作物学Food crop science茶叶生物化学Biochemistry of tea农业推广学Agricultural popularization农业环境保护Agricultural environmental protection作物栽培学与耕作学Crop cultivation & geoponics蚕桑系(Department of Sericulture)艺术设计学院(College of Art Design)蚕桑综合利用Silkworm-mulberry multipurpose utilization茧丝学Cocoon silk science养蚕学Seri cultural science蚕体解剖生理Anatomy and physiology of silkworm桑树栽培及育种学Mulberry cultivation & breeding桑树病虫害防治学蚕种学Silkworm egg production家蚕遗传育种Silkworm genetic of thremmatology遗传学Genetics蚕病学Silkworm pathology蚕桑学Sericulture园艺系(Department of Horticulture)园艺学院(College of Horticulture)插花艺术Art of floweral arrangement蔬菜育种学Vegetable breeding花卉园艺学Floriculture园艺商品学Marketing of horticultural product园艺设施栽培Horticultural facilities culture植物显微技术Plant microtechnology园艺通论General horticulture园艺昆虫学Horticultural entomology园艺植物育种学Plant breeding in horticulture果树生理学Fruit tree physiology园艺研究法Horticulture studies果树栽培学总论Pomology园艺产品贮藏保鲜学Techniques in preservation of horticultural products园艺植物病理学The pest control of horticulture plant花卉保鲜学Techniques in preservation of flowers & plants园艺植物生理学Horticulture plant pathology蔬菜栽培学Vegetable culture盆景艺术Pruning采后生理Post harvest physiology果树抗性育种专题Special topic on fruit tree resistance园艺植物的生物技术The biotechnique of horticultural plant园艺概论An outline of horticulture蔬菜学Olericulture果树学Pomology工程技术学院(College of polytechnics)工程学院(College of Engineering)建筑电工Architectural electrotechnics电工学Electrotechnics工业电子学Industrial electronics材料力学Strength of materials建筑力学（结构力学部分）Mechanics of structure理论力学Theoretical mechanics机械设计Machinery design机械原理Theory of machine and mechanism画法几何学Drawing geometry机械制图Engineering drawing工程制图Engineering drawing园林工程制图Landscape drawing建筑制图Building drawing液压技术2 Hydraulic technique 2机械工程材料Materials of mechanical engineering机床夹具设计原理Theory of jig design for machine tool冷冲工艺及冷冲模设计Punching technology and punch die design金属切削原理与刀具Principle of l cutting and cutting tool金属工艺学l technology机械制造工艺学Manufactural technology of machinery金属工艺学l technology液压技术1 Hydraulic technique 1汽车维修理论Theory of automobile service汽车运输学Transportation of automobile互换性与测量技术Interchangeability and technical measurement汽车构造Construction of automobile汽车运用工程Automobile application engineering热工基础Fundamental of thermo-technology食品干燥工艺与设备Food drying technology and equipment食品包装机械Food packaging machinery农业机械学Agricultural machinery食品工程原理Theory of food process engineering食品加工机械与设备Foot processing machinery and equipments砼与砌体结构Reinforce concrete建筑构造Structure of building建筑材料Constructional material建筑施工技术与施工组织Technology and planning of building operation单层工业厂房排架结构设计The design of single-factory building with d structure 高层建筑结构设计Design of high rise building民用建筑设计原理Design of civil architecture农业系统工程及管理工程Systems engineering and management engineering资源环境学院(College of Resources and Environment)环境监测Environmental monitoring土壤农业化学Agrochemistry analysis生产布局学原理Principle of productive distribution城镇建设用地管理Management of land urban construction城市规划原理Principle of urban planning资源经济学Resources economics经济地理Economic geography土地资源调查Land resources survey地图绘编Map establishment遥感技术基础Fundamental of remote sensing technology土地信息系统Land information system地籍管理Land management土地规划学Land planning science土地管理学Land management土地经济学Land economic房地产管理Management of real estate房地产估价Appraisement of real estate固体废物的处理与处置Treatment & disposal wastes城市污泥的农业再循环与生态环境The agricultural recycling of municipal sludge and the ecological environment 大气污染控制工程Air pollution controlling engineering环境质量评价Environmental quality assessment环境化学Environmental chemistry水体污染控制工程Water pollution controlling engineering环境生态Environmental ecology土壤污染与防治Soil pollution环境保护概论Introduction of environmental protection农业环境保护概论Introduction of agricultural environmental protection无土栽培原理与技术Theories and techniques of soilless culture农业化学总论Introduction of agrochemistry作物施肥原理Principles of crop fertilization作物营养研究法Methodology of plant nutrition土壤物理学Soil physics土壤学Pedology环境土壤学Environmental pedology土壤化学Soil chemistry土壤粘粒矿物Mineral of soil clay fration土质学基础Basis of geology土壤地理学Soil geography区域土壤学Regional pedology土壤资源调查Soil resources survey茶树病虫害(病害部分) Tea disease and pest (disease section)植物检疫学Quarantine for pests植物病毒学Plant virology果树病理学Fruit tree pathology果蔬病害Fruit and vegetable diseases植物免疫学Plant immunology普通昆虫学General entomology真菌资源及利用Fungal resources and their utilization除草剂毒理学Toxicology of herbicides植物病害生物防治学Biological prevention and control of plant diseases害虫生物防治Biological control杀菌剂毒理学Toxicology of fungicides植物病害流行学Epidemiology of plant diseases农业螨类学Agricultural acarology害虫综合防治Integrated pest management生物统计学Biometrics城市昆虫学Civil entomology作物抗虫育种原理及应用Principle and application of resistant plant breeding 植物病原细菌学Plant bacteriology植物病理学Plant pathology真菌分类学Taxonomy of fungi植物线虫学Plant nematology农业植物病理学Agricultural phytopathology普通植物病理学General phytopathology果蔬昆虫学Fruit plant & vegetable entomology果蔬贮运病害Fruit and vegetable diseases during storage食用真菌学Edible fung林学院College of Forestry数理统计Mathematical statistics遗传学Genetics树木育种学Forest tree breeding树木育苗学Tree seeds and nursery stock science自然保护区学Science of nature reserve造林学Silviculture林业技术经济学Forestry technology economics森林经营学Forest management林业经济管理学Management of forestry economics林业政策与法规Policies and laws of forestry会计学原理Fundamentals of accounting树木病理学Forest pathology测树学Forest measuration测量学Surveying森林生态学Forest ecology森林土壤学Forest soil science森林经理学Forest management森林昆虫学Forest entomology树木学Dendrology机械设计基础Fundamentals of mechanical design厂内运输Equipment of transit in factory胶合板制造学The manufacturing of plywood木材加工企业管理Forest products management胶粘剂与涂料Adhesive and paint木材学Wood science木材干燥Timber drying木制品生产工艺学Tec manufacturing of wood products纤维板制造学Fiberboard manufacturing technology刨花板制造学The manufacturing of particleboard木材切削原理与刀具The principles of wood cutting and tools木工机械Wood machinery土壤学Soil science经济林育种学Economic forest breeding经济林昆虫学Economic forest entomology经济林病理学Economic forest pathology经济林栽培学Economic forest culture园林设计Parks and gardens design造型艺术Plastic art城市绿地规划City open spaces planning园林树木栽培养护学Garden tree cultivation园林树木学Ornamental dendrology园林专业绘画课Painting of landscape architecture城市规划基础Fundamentals of city planning城市园林绿化经济管理Economic management of urban landscape gardening 风景园林设计初步Elementary landscape architecture design园林植物病理学Ornamental plant pathology园林昆虫学Ornamental plant entomology园林史History of landscape architecture园林工程Landscape architectural engineering土壤学Soil science城市生态学Urban ecology森林保护学Forest protection。
农学专业英语翻译
To pinpoint the co-elution problem mentioned above, the electrospray ionzation-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry in negative mode was used for further confirmation of the HPLC fractions of the glucosinolates detected in the sample extracts. The identification was based on the molecular ion mass and the pattern of their corresponding fragment ions. It was a more powerful method than the spiked standard method and capable of providing the information on the elemental compositions and the structures of the molecules.
Identification of the glucosinolates in vegetable and Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) samples by using ESI-QTOF-MS and MS/MS analysis蔬菜和中医（TCM）样品中的硫代葡萄糖苷使用ESI- QTOF- MS和MS / MS分析鉴定
农学研究生专业英语1-3
繁殖系统（一）BREEDING SYSTEMSKey Notes: 要点Range of breeding systems: 繁殖系统的类型和分布Most plants are hermaphrodite and they may cross or self-fertihze. Others have unisexual flowers either on the same plant (monoecious), or separate plants (dioecious), and others are intermediate or variable. A few are asexual.大多数植物都是两性花，它们可以杂交或自交。
也有少数植物是单性花，有的位于同一植株上(雌雄同株)；有的位于不同的植株上(雌雄异株)；还有一些植物的花是处于过渡态或者可变的，少数植物是无性花。
Cross- and self-fertility: 杂交和自交Many plants have a self-incompatibility system stopping self fertilization, but others are self-fertile. Early maturation of flowers can lead to self-fertility. Some species are partially self-incompatible.多数植物具有一个防止自花受精的自交不亲和系统，但有些植物是自花能稔的。
花的早熟可以导致自稔性，有些植物是部分自交不亲和。
Separation of floral organs: 花器官分离Cross-pollination is favored by a separation of fertile organs in the flower.Stamens may mature before carpels, known as protandry, or after, protogyny.Protandry is common in specialized insect-pollinated flowers in inflorescences and protogyny is associated with wind pollination and unspecialized flowers.Stamens and carpels may be separated spatially.可育花器官分离的花偏爱异花传粉。
华农农学院专业英语考试题目答案
South China Agricultural University华南农业大学agricultural college农学院domestic and overseas国内外Agricultural administrative departments管理部门Distinguished著名的Advanced university 高等大学research institution研究机构Ministry of Agriculture of China中国农业部International Rice Research Institute国际水稻研究所China Agricultural University中国农业大学Food and Agriculture Organization（FAO）联合国粮农组织United States Department of Agriculture美国农业部Purdue University普度大学Agricultural college of South China Agricultural University（SCAU）is closely linked with agricultural administrative departments from domestic and overseas、distinguished advanced universities and other research institutions.Such as Ministry of Agriculture of China、International Rice Research Institute、China Agricultural University、Food and Agriculture Organization(FAO)、United States Department of Agriculture and Purdue University.In southern China中国南方地区maturity 熟性growth and development 生长发育manufacturing experience 生产经验Rice is the principal cereal crops in southern China，after long-term domestication，it’s maturity、growth、development、etc have adapted to the climate conditions of local region, the farmers of the local region have extensive manufacturing experiences of rice growing, moreover great progress has been made in rice breeding, in short the rice growing of local region is going in the direction of low-power、high-quality and high-yield.参与亚太经全组织对中国的影响是多方面的。
农学专业英语单词整理
Aa series of 一系列的a set of 一组abnormalities 异常acidic 酸的acre 英亩acreage 农场，面积actual 有效的adapt 适合adaptability 适应性address 解决adequate 充足的adequate 足够的adhere 粘着adopted 采用advance 提升advent 生效adversely 负面的aerated 通气良好的affected 感病aggravate 加剧agronomic college 农学院agronomic 农作物agronomy 农学alfalfa 苜蓿algebra 代数alkalinity 碱性alleles 等位基因alleviate 消除alternative 可选择的amended 修正案amino acid 氨基酸ammonia 铵ammonium citrate柠檬酸铵ammonium nitrate二氧化氮ammonium 胺amplify 扩增anaemia 贫血anaerobic 无氧analyze 分析，分解angiosperm 被子植物animal manures 动物厩肥anticipate 预计anticipate 预见到application 接种application 应用apply 施用appropriate 适宜的arrange 安排，排布artificial mutation人工诱变asexual 无性的assist 帮助associate 联合associated with伴随…发生assurance 保证atmospheric 大气authority 授权availability 有效性available p 有效磷available soil moisture 土壤有效水分avoid 避免Bbarley大麦basic slag 托马斯磷肥basis 基础b-globin 球蛋白binary fissi二分裂binary 分裂biology 生物学biomass 生物量bionic仿生学bioplasm 原生质biosphere 生物圈biotechnology 生物技术blasting 萎蔫blend 混合blight 枯萎blood group 血型blotting 杂交技术breeder 育种学家breeding basis 育种基础breeding 育种bruising 挫伤b-thalassemia 地中海贫血buckwheat荞麦bulletin 公告bushel 蒲式耳（量词）Ccalculate 计算出canola 加拿大油菜canopy 冠层capacity 能力carbon dioxide 二氧化碳carbonates 碳酸盐cash 兑现certified合格的，经过认证的chain 链条chance 漂变channel 渠，引导chemical 化学chromosome 染色体circumstances 区域citrate-soluble 柠檬酸溶解性磷civil 国内的civilian 平民的civility 礼貌的civilizable 可文明化的clay 粘质，粘土climate 气候climatic 气候上的clone 克隆close 缩短co-dominance 共显性codon 密码子colloidal phosphate 焦庄磷酸盐combination 合作，排列combination 混合物，综合combine 联合commercial 商用的commercially 商业上commit 趋近于compaction 压实，紧实competitive 竞争力concentrated 集中的concentration 含量concentration 浓度condition 处理conditions 情况，条件conduct 执行confuse…with 和…混淆conservation 保水consistently 持续contaminate 污染content 含量controversial 受争议的conventional 传统的converted 变成copy 复制corn 玉米correct amounts 适量correct 改正，修正corresponding 符合，一致cost 成本costly 贵cover crops 绿肥作物criteria 标准critical 关键的cropping pattern 种植方式cross 杂交组合crossingover 交换crust 板结cultivation 耕作cultural practices 栽培措施culture 培养物currently 最近cyst nematode 孢囊线虫cyst 孢囊cytoplasm 细胞质遗传Ddam 坝damping off 腐烂date资料decline 下降decompositio分解deduction 推论defect 缺陷deficiency 缺乏deficient 缺乏defoliation 落叶degradation 降解delay 推迟deletion 缺失demand 需求denitrification 反硝化denove 重新开始，从头合成dent corn 马齿形department 系，专业deposit 储存deposited 沉积depression 凹陷处derived 起源descendent 子代（个体）designate 特指的desire 渴望desired harvest moisture 适宜的收获含水量destruction确定detect 确定detection 检测determine 决定determining 确定detrimental 致命的develop 培育development 发育diagnosis 诊断diagnostic methods诊断方法diagnostic method诊断方法diameter 直径dideoxy 双脱氧differentiation分化dip to 下降disease intection 感病disease resistance 抗病性disorders 紊乱disprove 证明…是虚假的dissolve 溶解diverse 各种division 分裂domestication 驯化dominance 显性性状优势dominant 显性的double cross 双交double-haploid 双单倍体dhdraft 草图drain 沟drainage 排水drift 漂变drill 播种机dry down rate 干燥速率dry plant tissue 干物质duplication 重复Eear 穗economically 经济有效地effective 生效efficiency 效率，效果efficient 有效的element 元素elevator 传送带eliminate 消除emerge 伸出emmigation 淘汰劣质基因employ 聘请entries 列，项equilibrium 进化论equilibrium 平衡era 时代erosion 侵蚀erroneous 错误的establish 建立eukaryotes 真核细胞european corn borer 玉米螟evaluate 评价evaluation 评价evaporation 蒸发evaporative 蒸腾evenly 平坦地，均匀地evolution 进化examine 验证exceed 超过excess 过多的，多余的excessive 延长exchangeable 可交换态的ex-changeable 可中和的exclude 排除experiment station 实验站explanation 解释extension 推广extensive 广泛的extra 额外的Ffacilitate 为…提供便利facilities 设备factor 因素favorable microbial 有益微生物favorable 令人满意的fertility 肥力fertility可育性fertilizer 肥料filial 子代first era 早期时代fission 融合fixation 固定flax麻flow 水流foliar n“burn”氮肥灼伤foot 英尺forages 牧草foreign material 杂质forethought 事先计划formation 孕穗期formulation 剂型four popular 广泛应用的fraction 部分frequency 频率frequency-dependent频率依赖性frost 霜冻fructose 果糖function 功能fungicide 杀菌剂fuse 融合Ggametes 配子（体）gametogenesis 配子体形成过程garden 狩猎gene mapping 基因定位generate 产生，生殖genetics 遗传学genome 基因组genotype frequency 基因型频率genotype 基因型genotyping platform 基因型gently 轻轻地germ cell 生殖细胞germination 发芽率germplasm 种质get by 应付glucose 葡萄糖grade 筑坡/筑平grain drill 谷物播种机grain fill 灌浆期，鼓粒期grain 籽粒，谷粒，谷物gymnosperm 裸子植物Hhabitat 栖息地hail 冰雹halve 减半haploid 单倍体haploit单倍体hardy-weinberg equilibrium达尔文进化论harvest 收获harvestability 收获性herbicide damage 除草剂，药害herbicide-resistant抗除草剂herbicides 除草剂heredity 遗传（侧重理论）heterozygous 杂合的higher plant 高等植物high-magnesium高镁high-value crops 经济作物high-yielding 高产的home-grown 自产的homozygote 纯合子homozygous 纯和的horizontal leaf method水平叶host cell 寄生细胞humidity 空气湿度hunter采集hybrid vigor 杂种优势hybrid 混合物hybrid 杂交种，杂交hydroxides 氢氧化物Iimbalance 失衡immigation 添加优良基因impermeable 不可渗透的implies 暗示improper application 不当施用in essence 实际上inadequate 不足的inbred line 自交系inch 英寸incomplete dominance 不完全显性independent assortment 独立分配indicate 表明industrial 工业的infiltration 渗透性inherit 继承inheritance 遗产，遗传（侧重先天的）inherited 可以遗传的initiate 采用inoculant 接种剂inoculation 接种inoculum 施用inorganic 无机的insect feeding 虫食insecticide 杀虫剂insert 插入insoluble 非溶解性install 构建insufficient 不足的intake 吸收inter matter 无生命的物质interception 截获interest 目的基因interested 相关的intermediate 中间型introduce 提出，引进introduce 引进introduction 引种inversion 倒位investment 投资irregular 不规则的isoenzyme 同工酶isogamy 同形配对isoguafe 同形移植isolate 分离，使隔离Jjustify 证明…是正确的Kkernel row 粒行kernel 谷粒Llabel 标签，标注labeled标注，标签labeler 标注者land plain 土地平整机larvae 幼虫lateral drain 支渠layer 层layout 排布layout布局设计leaching淋失leaf blights 叶枯病legume 豆科植物lime-stone 石灰石liming material石灰性物质liming 石灰linkage 连续livestock 牲畜locus 位点（loci的复数）lodged 倒伏的lodging 倒伏率loss of stand 缺苗lower case 小写字母Mmaintain 保证maintenance 维护，维持mammals 哺乳动物management 管理manipulation 操作map 定位mark 纪念mass selection 大量（混合）选择materials 原料，材料maturity 熟期meadow 牧草means 方法mechanical cultivation 机械化耕作mechanisms 机制medium 中等的meet 满足meiosis 减数分裂metering 间距microbial 微生物micronutrients 微量元素microorganisms 微生物midseason 中期生长季migration 迁移，移民mild 中度的mineral 矿质元素mixture 混合物mo 钼modification 改变modified 改进的moist 湿润的moistened 湿润的moisture 含水量moisture 水分molecular markers 分子标记molecular 分子monocotyledon 单子叶植物monohybrid cross 单因子杂交育种monoploid 单倍体motion 概念multifactorial 多因子的multimedia 多媒体multiple alleles 复等位基因multiple cross 复交multiplying 扩繁mutation （诱导）突变mutation 突变NN-containing 含氮化合物nematode worm 线虫net profits 纯利润neutral 中性的nitrate硝酸盐nitrogen 氮nodules 瘤，根瘤nomadic 游牧的note that 注意no-tillage 免耕noxious 有毒害的nucleioc 细胞核遗传nucleotide 核苷酸nursery 实验圃nutrient deficiencies 缺素症状nutrient 营养Ooats 燕麦objective 目的observation 观察obtain 获得offset 补充offspring 子代（群体）oligogene 寡基因open-pollinated 自花授粉open-structured profiles 开放式结构土层operation 管理措施optimal 适宜的order 预定organic matter 有机质organic 有机的origin 起源original 最初的ounce 盎司outlet 出口over time 随时间的推移Pparallel 平行particular 指定的pass on to 传递给patch 斑点pattern 方式，模式PCR polymerase chain reaction 聚合酶链式反应pea 豌豆pedigree 纯种的pedigree 家系percent base saturation 演技饱和度percent germination 发芽率perennial forages 多年生杂草perennial 多年生的performance tests 产量鉴别实验permeability 渗透性persist 保持，维持pest problem 病虫害问题pestcide 农药，杀虫剂pesticide 杀虫剂pests 病害petal 花瓣phenotype 表现型phenotypic information 表型数据采集phenotypic 表型的phosphate 磷phosphorus 磷photosynthesis光合作物physical condition理化性质phytophthora 腐酶根腐病pistil 雌蕊plane平面plow 犁，耕地pollen 花粉pollination 授粉，授粉期polymeranse聚合酶polymerase chain聚合酶polyploid 多倍体ponding 积水pone to 倾向于population genetics 群体遗传学population 密度porous 孔隙portion 部分possess 具有potassium 钾potassium—supplyingfertilizer 钾肥potential 潜力pound 磅pounding积水practical 可行的precipitation 降水量predict 预测predominant 占优势地位的pre-existing已存在premature 未成熟prevent 防止previous 前年primary 主要的principle 主要的prior 在…之前privately私人地probe 探测器procedure 过程，方式processing use 工业用途processing 处理produce 形成，产生production 生产professionally 专业的profile 土层，剖面progeny 子代progeny后代prohibited 禁止prolificacy 多穗性promote 促进prone to 易于propagation 繁殖，扩繁proper 最适宜的，正常的properly 适当地proprietary 品种权protection 保护法proteins 蛋白质public developed 公共培育的purchase 购买pure limes variety 纯系品种pure 纯度pure-breeding lines 纯系品种purify纯化purpose 目的Qquality 质量quantity 数量Rrace 亚种，小种radiative heat 辐射热radiative辐射random mating 随机交配rank order 顺序排列rapid 速度rariation 变异rariefy 品种ratio 比率real 最恰当的rearrange 重新排列recede 退却recession 衰退recessive 隐性的recessiveness 隐性recombinant gametes 重组形配子recombinant vector 重组载体recombinant 重组recommend 建议recovered 重获，回收recurrent parent 轮回亲本recurrent 轮回选择reduce 降低refer…as 定义成reflect反映regenerate 再生region 区域regularly 定期地relative maturity 相对成熟期relatively 相对地release 释放remove 排出/吸收repeat 重复represent 占，表现reproduce 繁殖reproduction 繁殖，生殖reproduction 授粉期，繁殖reproductive stages 生殖生长阶段requirement 需水量residual soil 原积土壤，残积土residual soils 冲积土residual 残留residue cover 残株覆盖residue 残渣respond…to 对…产生反应restrict 胁迫，限制return 收益rhizobium inoculation 根瘤菌接种rhizobium nodules 根瘤菌ridge 垄作ril recombinant inbred line 重组自交系rind 外皮rock phosphate 磷矿石rock 矿石rocombinant vector 重组载体root 根系rot 腐烂rotation 轮作rotation循环，轮作row application 条施row spacing 行距runoff 径流RZL重组自交系Ssaturated （水）饱和saturation 饱和度secure 确保sedentary 固定的seed coat 种皮seed vigor 种子活力seed 种子seeding rate 播种量seeding stage 苗期select 选择self-fertilize 自花授粉sensitive 敏感的sequence 序列sequencing 测序severity 严重程度sexual 有性的shallow depth 浅层shed 散，散布shell 壳shelled grain 脱壳粒shovel 土铲significant 明显的，严重的silage 青贮饲料silicates 硅酸盐single cross 单交site 地点skip-row 空行snapdragons 金鱼草snapshot 瞬间somewhat 一点儿sound 合理的soybean 大豆spacing 间距species 种类spores 孢子spread 延长stability 稳定性stage of development 生长阶段stait 特性stalk rots 茎腐病stalk 茎stand uniformity 群体整齐度stand 株丛（群体）standing 积水status 状态stay green 持绿性steadily 稳定地storage 储存store 储存stover 秸秆strain 小种，品系stress胁迫，压力strip rests 条状，小区试验stunted 发育迟缓的subject 使服从于submersion 淹没subsample 小铲substitute 代替sufficient 充足sulfur-free 无硫supersede 替代supplements 补充surface drainage 地表排水susceptible 敏感suspected 疑似symdrome 病症symptoms 症状Ttag 标签tassel blasting 雄穗萎蔫tasseling 抽穗tasseling-silking雄穗吐丝template 模板term 术语termination 终止testcross variety 测交种tester 测验种thalassemia 地中海贫血thawing 解冻the amount to apply 施用量the elevator 传送带therapy 治疗thermal time热量时间tile drains 瓦管tile 瓦管排水tillage 耕作tilth 耕地，耕性timely 及时地tip 小窍门tire 轮胎tissue analysis 组织分析tissue 组织tolerance 耐病性tolerant 耐，耐受tolerate 耐受total p 全磷toxic 有毒的track 痕迹traffic 机械trait 特点translocation 易位transpiration 蒸腾trials实验trillion 万亿two-way 双向的typically 通常地Uunbiased无偏差的，公正的unicellular 单细胞的uniform 均匀地uniformity 整齐度unpredictable 不可预测的upper case 大写字母upright 直立uptake 吸收urea 尿素V 1value 数据variance 方差variant 变异体variants （自然）变异体variation 变异varies widely 差异显著variety performance trials 品种产量鉴定试验variety 品种，多样性vary with 随…变化vector 载体vegetative growth 营养生长期vegetative propagation 营养体繁殖vegetative 植被vein叶脉vigor 活力vigorous 生长旺盛的violet 紫色virtually eliminate 从根本上杜绝vulnerable容易Wwater soluble 水溶性磷weed 杂草wet spot 水坑widespread 广泛地wilt 枯萎，萎蔫Yyeast 酵母yield 产量Zzigzag pattern 之字形zone 区域zygote 合子。
学位,专业名称英语翻译
学位名称、专业名称及主要课程中英文对照各学院（原系）中英文对照生物技术学院College of Biotechnology生命科学学院College of Life Science资源环境学院College of Environment and Natural Resources资源环境学院College of Resources and Environment林学院College of Forestry经济贸易学院College of Economics and Trade经济管理学院College of Economics Management工程技术学院College of Polytechnics工程学院College of Engineering农业工程系Department of Agricultural Engineering理学院College of Sciences信息学院College of Information人文学院College of Humanities公管管理学院College of Public Management农学系Department of Agronomy园艺系Department of Horticulture蚕桑系Department of Sericulture艺术设计学院College of Art Design动物科学系Department of Animal Science动物科学学院College of Animal Science兽医学院College of Veterinary Science食品科学系Department of Food Science食品学院College of Food艺术学院College of Arts水利与土木工程学院College of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering各学位名称对照农学士Agriculture工学士Engineering理学士Sciences哲学士Philosophy经济学士Economics管理学士Management文学士Arts各专业中英文名称对照工商管理Business Administration金融学Finance and Banking经济学Economics会计学Accounting农林经济管理Agricultural/forest Economy Management社会工作Social Work英语English生物技术Biotechnology机械设计及其自动化Machine Design & Manufacturing and Their Automation 信息管理与信息系统Information Management & Information Systems电子信息工程Electronic and Information Engineering农业机械化及其自动化Agricultural Mechanization And Its Automation农业电气化与自动化Agricultural Electrification and Automation土木工程Civil Engineering交通运输Traffic and Transportation应用化学Applied chemistry计算机科学与技术Computer Science and Technology植物保护Plant Protection土地资源管理Land Resources Management农业资源与环境Agricultural Resources and Environment土地资源管理Land Resources Management农学Agronomy茶学Tea Science食品科学与工程Food Science and Engineering园艺Horticulture木材科学与工程Wood Science and Engineering森林资源保护与游憩Forest Resources Conservation and Recreation林学Forestry园林Landscape Gardening动物科学Animal Science动物医学Veterinary Medicine蚕学Sericulture法学Law食品科学与工程Food Science and Engineering服装设计与工程Apparel Design and Engineering管理信息系统Management Information Systems土壤与农业化学Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry土地规划与利用Land Planning and Utilization农业环境保护Agricultural Environment Protection木材加工Wood Processing经济林Economic Forest农业经济与管理Agricultural Economics and Management贸易经济Trade Economics企业管理Industrial Management国际金融International Trade农业机械化Agricultural Mechanization机械设计Design and Manufacturing汽车运用工程Mobile Application中国社会主义建设Chinese Socialist Construction作物遗传育种Plant Genetics and Breeding果树Pomology动物营养与饲料加工Animal Nutrition and Feed Processing畜牧Animal Husbandry农业工程Agricultural Engineering家具设计与室内装饰Furniture Design and Room Decoration市场策划与营销Market Planning and Marketing土地经济与房地产管理Land Economics and Real Estate Management 精细化工Fine Chemistry财务管理与计算机Financial Management and Computer经贸英语Business English公共关系与秘书Public Relation茶叶加工与贸易Tea Processing And Trade花卉与庭园工程Floriculture And Gardening丝绸与贸易Silk And Trade养禽与禽病防治Poultry Raising And Disease Control微生物发酵技术与贸易Microorganism Fermentation And Trade各学院（原系）主要课程中英文对照生物技术学院(College of Biotechnology)生命科学学院(College of Life Science)化学除草原理与技术Principles and application of weed chemistry control 种子生理Seed physiology组织培养技术Technology of tissue culture果蔬保鲜原理与技术Techniques in preservation of fruit & vegetable植物学Botany酶工程Enzyme engineering植物显微技术Botanical microtechnique细胞生物学Cell biology农田杂草Farmland weed普通生态学General ecology药用植物资源利用Resources and utilization of medicinal plant生物化学研究技术Techniques in biochemistry researches分析与检测技术Technology of test and analysis动物生物化学Animal biochemistry基因工程Genetic engineering文献查阅与综述方法Document searching and reviewing植物生物化学Plant biochemistry蛋白质工程Protein engineering分子生物学Molecular biology植物生物化学实验Plant biochemistry experiment遗传（基因）工程导论Introduction to genetic engineering辐照基础与应用Basis and application of irradiation technology辐射生物学Irradiational biology免疫学Immunology同位素示踪原理及其应用技术Isotopic tracer technique reason and appliance 同位素应用技术Application of isotopes生物电子显微技术Electron microscope and preparation of biological specimen 仪器分析Instrumental analysis现代仪器分析与食品检测Modern instrumental analysis and food inspection农业与温室气体（排放）Agriculture greenhouse effect gases电镜技术Electron microscope technique植物生理学Plant physiology生物物理学Biophysics生态学Ecology核素应用技术The application of nuclide农业电子技术The electronic technology of agriculture食品科学系Department of Food Science食品学院College of Food Science普通微生物学General microbiology农业微生物学Agricultural microbiology食品微生物学Food microbiology环境微生物学Environmental microbiology微生物学实验技术Experimental technique in microbiology食品微生物学实验Microbiological test of food发酵工艺学原理Principles of fermentation technology微生物遗传育种Microbial genetics and strain improvement食品生物化学Biochemistry of food products食品添加济Additives of food products食物酶学Enzyme engineering of food食品分析Food analysis食品营养学Food nutriology食品工艺学Food technology果蔬加工学Processing of fruit and vegetable食品工厂设计The design of food factory乳品学Dairy science &technology蛋品学Egg science & technology肉品学Meat science & technology食品工程原理Principles of food engineering农产品加工学Agricultural products processing technology食品机械与设备Food machinery and equipment食品包装学Food packaging动物科学系Department of Animal Science动物科学学院College of Animal Science动物生理学Animal physiology家畜行为学Ethnology of domestic animals饲料卫生学Feed hygienic配合饲料工艺学Technology of formula feed单胃动物营养学Nutrition of unistomach animals反刍动物营养学Ruminant nutrition饲料检测技术The technique of feed checking and analysis饲料生产学Feed production饲料添加剂学Feed addition家畜饲料学附饲料分析Livestock feeding and feeds analysis饲料原料及加工贮藏Feed ingredients and processing and storage动物饲养学Animal feeding动物营养学基本原理The basal principle of animal nutrition配合饲料技术The technique of formular feed普通畜牧学Animal husbandry淡水养鱼学Culture of fresh-water fish动物学Zoology家禽学Poultry science珍禽学Science of rare birds家畜育种学Poultry breeding家禽孵化学Poultry hatching家畜环境卫生学Livestock environment hygiene牛生产学Cattle production家兔生产学Rabbit production猪生产学Swine production畜牧家畜育种学Animal breeding数量遗传学Quantitative genetics动物遗传学Animal genetics生物统计附试验设计Biological statistics养犬与养猫Canine and feline production家畜繁殖学Animal reproduction动物遗传育种Animal Genetics & Breeding动物生产学Animal production动物医学系(Department of Veterinary Medicine )兽医学院(College of Veterinary Medicine)家畜解剖学The anatomy of the domestic animals禽病学Diseases of poultry家畜病理学The pathology of the domestic animals动物组织学与胚胎学Histology and embryology of the domestic animals 家畜解剖学及组织胚胎学家禽普通病学General diseases of poultry中兽医学Traditional Chinese veterinary medicine兽医临床诊断学Clinical diagnosis of veterinarian家禽传染病学Avian infectious diseases家禽内科学Internal medicine of domestic animals家禽药理学Poultry pharmacology兽医药理学Veterinary pharmacology家畜寄生虫学Parasitology of domestic animals家禽病理学Pathology of poultry兽医产科学Veterinary breeding家畜外科学Veterinary surgery兽医应用免疫学Veterinary applied immunology动物性食品卫生学Animal food hygiene家畜传染病学Infections disease of domestic animals兽医学Veterinary medicine兽医药理学的毒理学Veterinary pharmacy toxicology理学院(College of Science)计算机关系数据库Relationship database计算机应用基础Fundamentals of computer application 计算机应用基础Computer applicationC语言程序设计Programming in C物理化学Physical chemistry有机化学Organic chemistry分析化学Analytical chemistry普通化学General chemistry化工仪表Chemical engineering and meter化学实验Experiment in general chemistry大学物理College physics应用电子技术The application of electronic technology概率论Probability theory线性代数Linear algebra高等数学Advanced mathematics必修课The required courses选修课Optional courses限选课Limited optional courses实践课Practical courses军训Military training专业劳动Work in specialty and for production教学实践Practice in the course生产实习Training for working毕业论文（设计）The thesis or designing for graduation 物化胶化Physical colloid chemistry人文科学学院(College of Humanities)法律基础Fundamentals of law社会主义人生实践The socialist practice in one’s life形势政策教育The education of situation and policy马克思主义原理The course on Marxist theories中国革命史The history of Chinese revolution中国革命的理论与实践The theory and practice of the Chinese revolution社会调查研究理论与方法Theory and method on social investigation and research 中国社会主义建设China’s socialist construction国际贸易International trade经济法学Economic law中国社会主义市场经济概论An introduction to china’s socialist market eco nomy政治经济学Political economics西方经济学Western economics行政管理学Administration management应用写作Practical writing思想教育Ideological education自然科学方法论The methodology of natural science逻辑学Logic农业文献检索Agricultural literature indexing专业英语Special English体育Physical training毛泽东思想概论An introduction to Mao zedong thought邓小平理论概论An introduction to Deng xiaoping theory教育学Pedagogy思想道德修养Thought & moral training教学法Teaching method应用写作Practical writing农业史Agricultural history经济贸易学院(College of Economics and Trade)乡镇企业管理学院(College of Rural Enterprise Management)宏观经济学Macroeconomics微观经济学Microeconomics政治经济学Political economics发展经济学Development economics农业经济学Agricultural economics外国农业经济Foreign agricultural economics中国经济地理Economy geography in China经济法学The law of economics国际商法International commercial law管理信息系统Management information system农业会计学Agricultural accounting消费经济学Consumption economics电算化会计原理Computer accounting成本会计Cost accounting统计学原理Principle of statistics商品流通统计Accounting in commodity circulation金融统计Financial statistics会计学原理Principle of accounting商品流通企业会计Business accounting in commodity circulation财务会计学Financial accounting审计学Auditing银行会计Bank accounting农业政策学Agricultural policy管理学原理Principle management企业学原理Business management房地产经营管理Administration and management of real estate银行经营管理Administration and management of bank商业企业经营管理Business administration and management涉外企业管理Foreign business management资源经济学Resource economics农产品贸易学Agricultural products trade国际贸易International trade进出口贸易实务Practice in import-Export trade市场营销学Marketing国际市场营销学International marketing财政学Public finance国际金融International finance证券投资Investment on securities公共关系学Public relations货币银行学Economics of money and banking投资经济学Economics of investment国际结算International settlement银行信贷学Bank credit财政金融Public finance and monetary economics期货交易理论与实务Theory and practices of futures土地经济学Land economics乡镇企业经济管理The economic management of tow’s enterprise 经济计量学Economical estimate审计学audit农学系(Department of Agronomy)农学院(College of Agriculture)制茶学Manufacture of tea作物育种学（各论）Crop breeding作物育种学（总论）Crop breeding (general discourse)种子学原理Principles of seed science农业管理学Agricultural management农产品综合利用Comprehensive utilization of crop products耕作学Cultivation science经济作物学Industry crop science农业气象基础Agrometeorology遗传学Genetics茶树栽培学Tea cultivation茶叶审评与检验Tea tasting and inspection试验设计与统计分析Experimental designs and statistical analyses农业生态学Agroecology农业自然资源利用及农业区划Utilization of agricultural resources and agricultural regionalization 茶树能种学Tea plant breeding粮食作物学Food crop science茶叶生物化学Biochemistry of tea农业推广学Agricultural popularization农业环境保护Agricultural environmental protection作物栽培学与耕作学Crop cultivation & geoponics蚕桑系(Department of Sericulture)艺术设计学院(College of Art Design)蚕桑综合利用Silkworm-mulberry multipurpose utilization茧丝学Cocoon silk science养蚕学Seri cultural science蚕体解剖生理Anatomy and physiology of silkworm桑树栽培及育种学Mulberry cultivation & breeding桑树病虫害防治学蚕种学Silkworm egg production家蚕遗传育种Silkworm genetic of thremmatology遗传学Genetics蚕病学Silkworm pathology蚕桑学Sericulture园艺系(Department of Horticulture)园艺学院(College of Horticulture)插花艺术Art of floweral arrangement蔬菜育种学Vegetable breeding花卉园艺学Floriculture园艺商品学Marketing of horticultural product园艺设施栽培Horticultural facilities culture植物显微技术Plant microtechnology园艺通论General horticulture园艺昆虫学Horticultural entomology园艺植物育种学Plant breeding in horticulture果树生理学Fruit tree physiology园艺研究法Horticulture studies果树栽培学总论Pomology园艺产品贮藏保鲜学Techniques in preservation of horticultural products园艺植物病理学The pest control of horticulture plant花卉保鲜学Techniques in preservation of flowers & plants园艺植物生理学Horticulture plant pathology蔬菜栽培学Vegetable culture盆景艺术Pruning采后生理Post harvest physiology果树抗性育种专题Special topic on fruit tree resistance园艺植物的生物技术The biotechnique of horticultural plant园艺概论An outline of horticulture蔬菜学Olericulture果树学Pomology工程技术学院(College of polytechnics)工程学院(College of Engineering)建筑电工Architectural electrotechnics电工学Electrotechnics工业电子学Industrial electronics材料力学Strength of materials建筑力学（结构力学部分）Mechanics of structure理论力学Theoretical mechanics机械设计Machinery design机械原理Theory of machine and mechanism画法几何学Drawing geometry机械制图Engineering drawing工程制图Engineering drawing园林工程制图Landscape drawing建筑制图Building drawing液压技术2 Hydraulic technique 2机械工程材料Materials of mechanical engineering机床夹具设计原理Theory of jig design for machine tool冷冲工艺及冷冲模设计Punching technology and punch die design金属切削原理与刀具Principle of l cutting and cutting tool金属工艺学l technology机械制造工艺学Manufactural technology of machinery金属工艺学l technology液压技术1 Hydraulic technique 1汽车维修理论Theory of automobile service汽车运输学Transportation of automobile互换性与测量技术Interchangeability and technical measurement汽车构造Construction of automobile汽车运用工程Automobile application engineering热工基础Fundamental of thermo-technology食品干燥工艺与设备Food drying technology and equipment食品包装机械Food packaging machinery农业机械学Agricultural machinery食品工程原理Theory of food process engineering食品加工机械与设备Foot processing machinery and equipments砼与砌体结构Reinforce concrete建筑构造Structure of building建筑材料Constructional material建筑施工技术与施工组织Technology and planning of building operation单层工业厂房排架结构设计The design of single-factory building with d structure 高层建筑结构设计Design of high rise building民用建筑设计原理Design of civil architecture农业系统工程及管理工程Systems engineering and management engineering资源环境学院(College of Resources and Environment)环境监测Environmental monitoring土壤农业化学Agrochemistry analysis生产布局学原理Principle of productive distribution城镇建设用地管理Management of land urban construction城市规划原理Principle of urban planning资源经济学Resources economics经济地理Economic geography土地资源调查Land resources survey地图绘编Map establishment遥感技术基础Fundamental of remote sensing technology土地信息系统Land information system地籍管理Land management土地规划学Land planning science土地管理学Land management土地经济学Land economic房地产管理Management of real estate房地产估价Appraisement of real estate固体废物的处理与处置Treatment & disposal wastes城市污泥的农业再循环与生态环境The agricultural recycling of municipal sludge and the ecological environment 大气污染控制工程Air pollution controlling engineering环境质量评价Environmental quality assessment环境化学Environmental chemistry水体污染控制工程Water pollution controlling engineering环境生态Environmental ecology土壤污染与防治Soil pollution环境保护概论Introduction of environmental protection农业环境保护概论Introduction of agricultural environmental protection无土栽培原理与技术Theories and techniques of soilless culture农业化学总论Introduction of agrochemistry作物施肥原理Principles of crop fertilization作物营养研究法Methodology of plant nutrition土壤物理学Soil physics土壤学Pedology环境土壤学Environmental pedology土壤化学Soil chemistry土壤粘粒矿物Mineral of soil clay fration土质学基础Basis of geology土壤地理学Soil geography区域土壤学Regional pedology土壤资源调查Soil resources survey茶树病虫害(病害部分) Tea disease and pest (disease section)植物检疫学Quarantine for pests植物病毒学Plant virology果树病理学Fruit tree pathology果蔬病害Fruit and vegetable diseases植物免疫学Plant immunology普通昆虫学General entomology真菌资源及利用Fungal resources and their utilization除草剂毒理学Toxicology of herbicides植物病害生物防治学Biological prevention and control of plant diseases害虫生物防治Biological control杀菌剂毒理学Toxicology of fungicides植物病害流行学Epidemiology of plant diseases农业螨类学Agricultural acarology害虫综合防治Integrated pest management生物统计学Biometrics城市昆虫学Civil entomology作物抗虫育种原理及应用Principle and application of resistant plant breeding 植物病原细菌学Plant bacteriology植物病理学Plant pathology真菌分类学Taxonomy of fungi植物线虫学Plant nematology农业植物病理学Agricultural phytopathology普通植物病理学General phytopathology果蔬昆虫学Fruit plant & vegetable entomology果蔬贮运病害Fruit and vegetable diseases during storage食用真菌学Edible fung林学院College of Forestry数理统计Mathematical statistics遗传学Genetics树木育种学Forest tree breeding树木育苗学Tree seeds and nursery stock science自然保护区学Science of nature reserve造林学Silviculture林业技术经济学Forestry technology economics森林经营学Forest management林业经济管理学Management of forestry economics林业政策与法规Policies and laws of forestry会计学原理Fundamentals of accounting树木病理学Forest pathology测树学Forest measuration测量学Surveying森林生态学Forest ecology森林土壤学Forest soil science森林经理学Forest management森林昆虫学Forest entomology树木学Dendrology机械设计基础Fundamentals of mechanical design厂内运输Equipment of transit in factory胶合板制造学The manufacturing of plywood木材加工企业管理Forest products management胶粘剂与涂料Adhesive and paint木材学Wood science木材干燥Timber drying木制品生产工艺学Tec manufacturing of wood products纤维板制造学Fiberboard manufacturing technology刨花板制造学The manufacturing of particleboard木材切削原理与刀具The principles of wood cutting and tools木工机械Wood machinery土壤学Soil science经济林育种学Economic forest breeding经济林昆虫学Economic forest entomology经济林病理学Economic forest pathology经济林栽培学Economic forest culture园林设计Parks and gardens design造型艺术Plastic art城市绿地规划City open spaces planning园林树木栽培养护学Garden tree cultivation园林树木学Ornamental dendrology园林专业绘画课Painting of landscape architecture城市规划基础Fundamentals of city planning城市园林绿化经济管理Economic management of urban landscape gardening 风景园林设计初步Elementary landscape architecture design园林植物病理学Ornamental plant pathology园林昆虫学Ornamental plant entomology园林史History of landscape architecture园林工程Landscape architectural engineering土壤学Soil science城市生态学Urban ecology森林保护学Forest protection。
农学专业英语教学模式探究——评《农业专业英语》
中国瓜菜2020，33（12）：136-137随着经济水平不断提高，我国农业发展规模不断扩大，并逐渐成为社会主义经济建设和发展重要组成部分。
与此同时，现代科学技术的快速创新与发展，使得我国农业从传统发展模式逐渐走向现代化、科学化，有效推动农业产业可持续发展。
农业产业的创新升级进一步加快了我国与其他国家在农业领域的贸易交流与合作，推动我国国际经济贸易长期发展，是我国致力发展全球化经济的重要内容。
农业的发展离不开人才的支持，人才是农业产业建设发展必不可少内容。
随着国际贸易竞争压力日益激烈，紧跟国际贸易发展趋势，培养满足国际贸易需求的专业技术人才是当前我国对农学专业教学提出的战略目标。
农业专业英语作为一项重要交流工具，掌握专业基础词汇、句型以及口语技能是学生学习主要内容，在此基础上，培养学生专业素养、提高学生综合素质和综合能力则是农学专业教师教学根本任务。
然而，在实际教学过程中，农学专业英语教学中仍存在一些不足之处，影响整体教学效果。
对此，就如何进一步创新优化农学专业英语教学模式是亟待解决的重要问题，而《农业专业英语》一书不仅可以为农学专业英语教学提供理论依据，还能为农学专业英语教学方式的创新提供有效借鉴。
《农业专业英语》一书是高职高专院校农业专业英语系列教材之一，出版自武汉大学出版社，其中夏家驷为主要编撰人。
该书主要特点是内容新颖，文本具有趣味性，紧跟当前形势，且难度适中，配备了录音资料，重视听说交流。
该书以提高农业院校在校生英语水平为根本目的，以增强在校生专业英语综合能力、培养建设社会主义现代化新型大学生为重要内容，将理论知识与实践应用结合在一起，在各章节后设置练习题、文章翻译等课堂学习任务，让学生在学习专业英语理论知识后，能够立即得到实践锻炼，明确自身不足之处，及时巩固专业英语知识，构建专业英语知识架构，提高学生专业英语水平。
《农业专业英语》一书总共分为十二个单元，主要包括农业、动物科学、食品、转基因技术、环境保护、水资源利用、渔业、园艺、林学、农业机械化、昆虫以及农业经济等学习内容。
山东农大园艺专业英语部分单词表个人整理
山东农业大学园艺专业英语部分单词表个人整理供考试复习专用1. agronomy [ə'ɡrɒnəmɪ]n.农艺学，农学2. meet [mi:t]vt.& vi.相遇；相识；开会；接触（某物）vt.满足；支付；迎接；经历（常指不愉快的事）n.运动会，体育比赛；猎狐运动（尤其英式英语）adj.适当的；合适的；恰当的3. contrast [ˈkɔntræst]n. 对比，对照;差异;对照物，对立面;[摄]反差;vi. 对比;形成对照;vt. 使对照，使对比;和…形成对照4. grain [ɡrein]n. 谷物，粮食;（沙，金，盐等的）颗粒;谷粒，籽粒;（木材，大理石等的）纹理; vt. 把…作成细粒;把…漆[画]成木纹;染透;刮去（皮上的）毛;vi. 成谷粒5. forage ['fɒrɪdʒ]n.牛马饲料；寻找粮草vi.搜寻（食物），尤指动物觅（食）；（尤指用手）搜寻（东西）6. fiber ['faɪbə]n.光纤；（织物的）质地；纤维，纤维物质7. intensive [inˈtensiv]adj. 加强的，强烈的;[农]精耕细作的;[语]加强语意的;（农业方法）集约的; n. 加强器;[语]强义词，强调成份8. esthetic [es'θetɪk]adj.有关美的；美学的；审美的；悦目的9. gratification [ˌgrætɪfɪˈkeɪʃn] n.满足；满意；喜悦；使人满意之事10. cultivation [ˌkʌltɪˈveɪʃn]n.教养；栽培；耕作；（关系的）培植11. timber ['tɪmbə(r)]n.木材，木料；（用于建筑或制作物品的）树木；用材林，林场；素质vt.用木料支撑；备以木材12. botany [ˈbɔtəni]n. 植物学;精纺毛纱;细羊毛;13. apply [ə'plaɪ]vt. 应用，运用;申请;涂;敷（药）;vi. 申请，请求，适用;适用，适合;专心致志;14. distribution [ˌdɪstrɪ'bju:ʃn] n. 分配，分布;[法]（无遗嘱死亡者的）财产分配;[无线]频率分布;[电]配电;15. structure [ˈstrʌktʃə(r)]n. 结构;构造;建筑物;体系;vt. 构成，排列;安排;16. classification [ˌklæsɪfɪ'keɪʃn] n. 分类;分级;类别;（动植物等的）分类学;17. impact ['ɪmpækt]n. 碰撞，冲击，撞击;影响;冲击力;vt. 挤入，压紧;撞击;对…产生影响; vi. 冲撞，冲击;产生影响;18. visual ['vɪʒʊəl]adj. 视觉的，看得见的;光学的，视力的;形象化的;光学的;n. 画面，图象;19. ornametal本地词典无数据20. olericulture [ˈɔləriˌkʌltʃə]n. 蔬菜栽培，蔬菜园艺;21. pomology [pəʊ'mɒlədʒɪ]n. 果树栽培（学）;22. floriculture ['flɔ:rɪkʌltʃə]n. 花艺，栽培花卉;23. landscape ['lændskeɪp]n. 风景;风景画;乡村风景画;地形;vt. 对…做景观美化，给…做园林美化;从事庭园设计;vi. 美化（环境等），使景色宜人;做庭园设计师;24. interiorscaping本地词典无数据25. foliage [ˈfəʊliɪdʒ]n. 植物的叶子（总称），叶子及梗和枝;树叶;26. floral ['flɔ:rəl]adj. 花的，花似的;以花装饰的;植物的，植物群的;花神的;27. potted ['pɒtɪd]adj. 盆栽的，瓶或罐装的，浓缩的;封闭式; 28. bedding [ˈbedɪŋ]n. 寝具;基底，基坑;adj. 适于花坛种植的;v. “bed“的现在分词;29. appeal [ə'pi:l]n. 上诉;[体育]诉请;呼吁;（迫切的）要求（帮助、同情等）恳求;vi. （迫切）要求;有吸引力;求助（于）;提请注意;vt. 将…移交上级法院审理;30. appealing [əˈpi:lɪŋ]adj. 吸引人的，令人心动的;恳求的; v. （迫切）要求(appeal的现在分词);将…上诉;31. nursery ['nɜ:sərɪ]n. 婴儿室，幼儿园;苗圃;临时托儿所;温床，滋生地;32. lawn [lɔ:n]n. 草地，草坪;上等细麻布;33. turf [tɜ:f]n. 草皮;泥炭;<非正>地盘，势力范围;赛马场，跑马场;vt. 用草皮覆盖;<英><口>抛出;扔掉;赶走;34. maintenance ['meɪntənəns]n. 维持，保持;保养，保管;维护;维修;35. evolve [ɪ'vɒlv]vt. 使发展;使进化;设计，制订出;发出，散发;vi. 发展;[生]通过进化进程发展或发生;36. manure [məˈnʊə, -ˈnjʊə]n. 肥料，粪便;vt. 施肥;37. legume [ˈlegju:m]n. 豆科植物，豆类蔬菜;38. weed [wi:d]n. 杂草;大麻;废物;烟草;vt. 给…除杂草;除（草）;消除;vi. 除草;39. storage [ˈstɔ:rɪdʒ]n. 贮存;贮藏;储藏处，仓库;贮存器，蓄电（瓶）;40. botanist [ˈbɒtənɪst]n. 植物学家，研究植物的人;41. herbalist [ˈɜ:bəlɪst, ˈhɜ:-]n. 种草药的人，草药商，草药医生;42. cofounder [kəʊ'faʊndə]n. 共同创办人，共同创始人;43. nomenclature [nəˈmenklətʃə(r)] n. 系统命名法;命名（过程）;（某一学科的）术语;专门名称;44. taxonomy [tæk'sɒnəmɪ]n. （生物）分类学，分类系统;45. associate [əˈsəuʃiit]vt. （使）发生联系;（使）联合;结交;联想;vi. 联盟;陪伴同事;n. 合伙人;伴侣，同志;非正式会员; adj. 联合的;合伙的;非正式的;（性质上）有密切联系的;46. deadline ['dedlaɪn]n. 最后期限;截止期限;死线;原稿截止时间;vt. 通过设定一时间期限来统治;47. personnel [ˌpɜ:səˈnel]n. 全体员工;（与复数动词连用）人员，员工;人事部门; 48. get along [ɡet əˈlɔŋ]相处;进展;前进;离去;49. dedication [ˌdedɪ'keɪʃn]n. 奉献;献身精神;教堂的)献堂礼;（书等作品上的）题词;50. adaptation [ˌædæp'teɪʃn]n. 适应，顺应;改编，改编本;适应性的改变;同化;51. annual [ˈænjuəl]adj. 每年的;一年的;[植物]一年生的; n. 年刊;一年生植物;52. petunia [pəˈtju:niə]n. 矮牵牛（花）;53. biennial [baɪˈeniəl]adj. （事件）两年一次的;n. 两年生植物;54. perennial [pəˈreniəl]adj. 终年的，长久的;多年生的;不断生长的;四季不断的;n. 多年生植物;长期存在的;55. beet [bi:t]n. 甜菜;甜菜根;糖萝卜;56. poinsettia [ˌpɔɪnˈsetiə]n. 猩猩木;一品红;57. shrub [ʃrʌb]n. 灌木;灌木丛;果汁甜酒;冰果汁水;58. vegetation [ˌvedʒəˈteɪʃn]n. 植物（总称），草木;[医]赘生物，增殖体;无所作为的生活，单调的生活;[植]营养体生长，发育;59. persist [pə'sɪst]v. 坚持;固执;存留;继续存在;60. daylily ['deilili]黄花菜;61. hosta [ˈhɔstə]n. 玉簪属植物;62. vine [vaɪn]n. 藤;藤本植物;葡萄树;vi. 形成藤蔓;63. trailing ['treɪlɪŋ]n. 泥浆彩饰;adj. 拖尾的;曳尾的;被拖动的;蔓延的; v. （使某物）被拖在后面( trail的现在分词 );跟踪，追踪;（在比赛等中）输;（尤指跟在他人后面）疲惫地走;64. clematis [ˈklemətis]n. 铁线莲，女萎;[植]女萎属;65. deciduous [dɪˈsɪdʒuəs]adj. （指树木）每年落叶的;66. evergreen ['evəɡri:n]n. 常绿植物，常绿树;常绿树枝;adj. [植] 常绿的;永葆青春的;67. pitch [pɪtʃ]n. 球场;程度;沥青;树脂;倾斜;vt. 用沥青涂;扔，投;树起，搭起;定位于; vi. 抛，扔;[棒球]当投手;搭帐篷;向前跌或冲;68. parenchyma [pə'reŋkɪmə]n. 实质，软组织;主质;69. exodermis [eksəʊ'dɜ:mɪs]n. （根的）外皮层;下皮;70. endodermis [ˌendəuˈdə:mis]n. 内皮;71. pericycle ['perəsaɪkl]n. 中柱鞘; 72. fibril ['faɪbrɪl]n. 小纤维;纤丝;原纤维;根毛;73. root hair [ru:t hɛə]n. 根毛;74. solitary ['sɒlətrɪ]adj. 独自的，独立的;单个的;唯一的;隐居的;n. 独居者，隐士;单独禁闭;75. corymb [ˈkɔrimb]n. 伞状花序;76. chestnut ['tʃesnʌt]n. 栗子;栗色;栗树;栗色马;adj. 栗色的;77. oak [əʊk]n. 栎树;橡木色;栎木，橡木;橡木家具; adj. 栎树的;栎木制的;78. flourish ['flʌrɪʃ]vi. 挥舞;茂盛，繁荣;活跃，蓬勃;vt. 挥动，挥舞;n. 挥舞，挥动;花样，华丽的辞藻;夸张的行为或手势;花式吹奏;79. viability [ˌvaɪə'bɪlətɪ]n. 生存能力，发育能力;生活力;80. hardiness ['hɑ:dɪnəs]n. 耐久力，顽强;81. preferable [ˈprefrəbl]adj. 更好的，更可取的;略胜一筹的;82. grape [ɡreɪp]n. 葡萄;深紫色，葡萄紫;83. wisteria [wɪˈstɪəriə]n. 柴藤;84. edible [ˈedəbl]adj. 可以吃的，可食用的;n. 食物;85. aquatic [əˈkwætɪk]adj. 水生的;水产的;水上的;水中（进行）的;n. 水生动植物;水上运动;86. xerophyte ['zɪərəfaɪt]n. 旱生植物;87. soil condition本地词典无数据88. halophyte ['hæləfaɪt]n. 盐土植物;89. acidophyte本地词典无数据90. metalloid [ˈmetlɔɪd]n. 非金属;类似金属;adj. 非金属性的;类似金属性的;91. jojoba [həˈhəʊbə, həʊ-]n. 加州希蒙得木;92. taxa ['tæksə]n. 分类(taxon的复数);分类( taxon的名词复数 );93. division [dɪ'vɪʒn]n. 分开，分隔;[数]除法;部门;[军]师;94. class [klɑ:s]n. 班;等级;阶级;种类;vt. 把…归入某等级，把…看作（或分类、归类）;把…编入某一班级;adj. 很好的，优秀的，出色的;vi. 属于…类（或等级），被列为某类（或某级）;95. order ['ɔ:də(r)] n. 命令;秩序;规则，制度;次序;vt. 命令;订购;整理;vi. 下订单;96. family ['fæməlɪ]n. 家;家族;（大）家庭（包括父母子女及近亲）;语族;adj. 家庭的;一家所有的;属于家庭的;适合全家人的;97. genus [ˈdʒi:nəs]n. （动植物的）属;类;种;型;98. species ['spi:ʃi:z]n. 物种;种类;类型;[逻辑] 个体;99. interbreed [ˌɪntə'bri:d]v. （使）异种交配，（使）混种，（使）杂种繁殖;100. progeny ['prɒdʒənɪ]n. 子孙;后裔;结果;结局;101. organ ['ɔ:ɡən]n. 机构;器官;风琴;元件;102. ovary ['əʊvərɪ]n. [解]卵巢;[植]子房;103. snack [snæk]n. 快餐，点心;加餐;vi. 吃快餐;104. poultry [ˈpəʊltri]n. 〈集合词〉家禽;105. accompaniment [əˈkʌmpənimənt] n. 伴奏;伴随物;106. fructose [ˈfrʌktəʊs]n. 果糖;107. location [ləʊˈkeɪʃn]n. 位置，场所;定位;外景（拍摄地）;108. tropical [ˈtrɒpɪkl]adj. 热带的;炎热的;热情的;109. berries ['berɪz]n. 浆果( berry的名词复数 );（葡萄，番茄等）浆果;干果仁;干种子;110. plum [plʌm]n. 李子，李树;李属植物;葡萄干;紫红色; adj. 紫红色的;称心如意的（工作或职位）;111. drupe [dru:p]n. 核果;112. perishable [ˈperɪʃəbl]adj. 易腐烂的;易腐败的;易毁灭的;易消亡的;n. 容易腐坏的东西（尤指食品）;113. tender ['tendə(r)]adj. 纤弱的;嫩的;温柔的;疼痛的;n. （正式）提出;投标;供应船，联络船;照看者;vt. 正式提出;使变脆弱;<古>温柔地对待;114. fragile ['frædʒaɪl]adj. 易碎的，脆的;虚弱的;115. handle ['hændl]n. （织物、毛皮等的）手感;手柄;举动;柄状物;vi. 操作，操控;容易搬运;vt. 用双手触摸、举起或握住;用手操作，操纵;处理或负责，管理;〈美〉买卖，经营;116. cantaloup ['kæntəlu:p]n. 罗马甜瓜，香瓜，哈密瓜;117. crensha w ['kæntəlu:p][人名] [英格兰人姓氏] 克伦肖Crankshaw的变体;[地名] [美国] 克伦肖;118. honeydew ['hʌnɪdjʊ]n. 甘汁，蜜露;119. squash [skwɒʃ]vt. 挤进;将（某人[某物]）压扁;使沉默;平定（叛乱等）;vi. 挤入;受挤压;发出挤压声;n. （软式）墙网球;南瓜小果（主要种类为笋瓜 winter squash 和西葫芦 summer squash）;果汁汽水;拥挤的人群;120. citrus [ˈsitrəs]n. [植]柑橘属果树;柠檬，柑橘;121. grapefruit [ˈgreɪpfru:t]n. 葡萄柚，西柚;葡萄柚树;122. lime [laɪm]n. 酸橙;石灰;绿黄色;椴树;vt. 撒石灰于;涂粘鸟胶于;123. tangerine [ˈtændʒəˈri:n]n. 柑橘，橘红色;橘黄色;蜜柑;蜜橘;124. fig [fɪɡ]n. 无花果;无花果树;125. date [deɪt]n. 日期，日子;约会;时代，年代;（北非和西亚常见的海枣树的）海枣;vt. 过时;使…显老;显示出…时代（或年龄）;鉴定…的年代;vt.& vi. 与人约会，相约;vi. 属于某一特定时期;从某时起计算日期;记载日期;注有（或注明）日期;126. papaya [pəˈpaɪə]n. 番木瓜树，番木瓜果;127. pomegranate [ˈpɒmɪgrænɪt]n. 石榴;石榴树;128. passion fruit [ˈpæʃən fru:t] n. 西番莲果;129. broccoli ['brɒkəlɪ]n. 花椰菜;西兰花;130. cauliflower [ˈkɒliflaʊə(r)] n. [植]花椰菜;菜花;131. artichoke [ˈɑ:titʃəuk]n. 朝鲜蓟;洋蓟;洋百合;法国百合;132. avocado [ˌævə'kɑ:dəʊ]n. <植>鳄梨，鳄梨树;暗黄绿色;adj. 暗黄绿色的;133. cucumber [ˈkju:kʌmbə(r)]n. 黄瓜，胡瓜;134. pepper ['pepə(r)]n. 胡椒;辣椒;胡椒粉;vt. 在…上撒胡椒粉;使布满;135. lettuce [ˈletɪs]n. 莴苣，生菜;<俚>纸币;136. spinach [ˈspɪnɪtʃ]n. 菠菜;<俚>胡说八道;137. swiss chard [swɪs tʃɑ:d]叶甜菜，唐莴苣（甜菜之一）;138. pod [pɒd]n. 荚，豆荚;（飞机的）吊舱;（航天器或船只上可与船只主体分离的）分离舱; vi. 结豆荚;vt. 把（豆等）剥出荚;去荚;139. radish [ˈrædɪʃ]n. （做色拉用的）小萝卜;140. tuber ['tju:bə(r)]n. （植物的）块茎;结节; 141. rhizome [ˈraɪzəʊm]n. 根茎，根状茎;142. stolon ['stəʊlɒn]n. 匍匐枝;长匐茎;143. bulb [bʌlb]n. 球茎，块茎植物;电灯泡;[解剖学]肿块;144. onion ['ʌnjən]n. 洋葱（头）;（食物）洋葱，葱头;145. garlic ['ɡɑ:lɪk]n. 大蒜;蒜头;146. celery ['selərɪ]n. 芹菜;香芹粉;芹菜籽;147. fibrous ['faɪbrəs]adj. 含纤维的，纤维性的;148. preventative [prɪ'ventətɪv] adj. 预防性的;149. potassium [pəˈtæsiəm]n. <化>钾;150. folate ['fəʊleɪt]n. 叶酸;151. antioxidant [ˌæntɪ'ɒksɪdənt] n. 抗氧化剂，硬化防止剂;152. flavonoid [ˈfleɪvənɔɪd]n. 类黄酮;153. phytochemical [faɪtəʊ'kemɪkəl] adj. 植物化学的;154. saturated fat [ˈsætʃəreitid fæt]（来自肉类和乳类的）饱和脂肪;155. trans fat [ˈsætʃəreitid fæt]n. 反式脂肪酸;156. 不饱和脂肪本地词典无数据157. cholesterol [kəˈlestərɒl]n. 胆固醇;158. lycopene ['laɪkəpi:n]n. 番茄红素;159. cranberries [ˈkrænbəriz]n. <植>越橘( cranberry的名词复数 );160. cabbage [ˈkæbɪdʒ]n. 甘蓝（洋白菜、卷心菜）;<非正式、侮辱>植物人，常用于英式英语;<俚>钱，尤指纸币，常用于美式俚语;<俚>脑袋;161. orientation [ˌɔ:riənˈteɪʃn]n. 方向，定位，取向，排列方向;任职培训;（外交等的）方针[态度]的确定;环境判定;162. principle [ˈprɪnsəpl]n. 原则，原理;准则，道义;道德标准;本能;163. ratio ['reɪʃɪəʊ]n. 比，比率;比例;系数;vt. 求出比值，除，使…成比例;将（相片）按比例放大[缩小];164. kidney bean [ˈkidni bi:n]n. 菜豆，四季豆，云豆;165. beta carotene [ˈbi:təˈkærəti:n] [医]β-胡萝卜素：紫外线屏蔽剂，C 40H 56;166. bioflavonoid [baɪɒ'flevəˌnɔɪd] n. 生物类黄酮，维生素P; 167. allicin ['ɔ:laɪsɪn]n. 蒜素;168. indole ['ɪndəʊl]n. 吲哚;169. chive [tʃaɪv]n. 细洋葱;170. scallion [ˈskæliən]n. 青葱;冬葱;大葱;韭菜;171. leek [li:k]n. 韭葱;172. inhibit [ɪn'hɪbɪt]v. 抑制;禁止;173. lutein ['lu:tɪɪn]n. 叶黄素，黄体制剂;174. zeaxanthin [zɪə'zænθɪn]n. 玉米黄质;175. kiwi ['ki:wi:]n. [动]鹬鸵，几维鸟，新西兰特产，喙长，无翼，不能飞（也是新西兰的国鸟及象征）;[植]猕猴桃，奇异果;新西兰人;[植]猕猴桃藤，奇异果藤;adj. 〈非正式〉与新西兰或新西兰人有关的;176. anthocyanin [ˌænθə'saɪənɪn] n. 花青素，花色醣苔;177. phenolic [fɪ'nɒlɪk]adj. 酚的，石碳酸的;178. procedure [prəˈsi:dʒə(r)]n. 程序，手续;工序，过程，步骤;诉讼程序，（议会的）议事程序;〈罕〉进行;179. properly [ˈprɔpəlɪ]adv. 适当地;恰当地;正确地;完全，非常;180. store [stɔ:(r)]n. 商店;贮存物;仓库;大量;v. 贮存;（在计算机里）存储;181. unpeel [ˈʌnˈpi:l]v. 削…的皮;182. emit [ɪ'mɪt]vt. 发出;发射;颁布;发表;183. ethylene [ˈeθɪli:n]n. 乙烯;乙撑;184. refrigerator [rɪˈfrɪdʒəreɪtə(r)] n. 冰箱;冷藏库;制冰机，冷冻机;185. rhizosphere ['raɪzəˌsfɪr]n. 根围（指围绕植物根系在土壤中的一个区域）;186. derive [dɪ'raɪv]vt.& vi. 得到，导出;源于，来自;（从…中）提取;187. appear [ə'pɪə(r)]vi. 出现，显现;出庭，出场;演出;发表;188. anchor ['æŋkə(r)]n. 锚;锚状物;靠山;压阵队员;vt. 抛锚，抛锚泊船;使固定，使稳固;使稳定;在…任节目主持人;vi. 抛锚，停泊;固定;[体]任主要运动员;主持节目;adj. 最后一棒的，末捧的;189. dicot ['daɪkɒt]n. 双子叶植物;190. monocot ['mɒnəkɒt]n. 单子叶植物;191. parallel ['pærəlel]adj. 平行的;相同的，类似的;[电]并联的;[计]并行的;adv. 平行地，并列地;n. 平行线（面）;相似物;类比;纬线; vt. 使平行;与…媲美;与…相比;与…相似;192. coarse [kɔ:s]adj. 粗鄙的;粗糙的;粗野的;粗制滥造的;193. taproot [ˈtæpru:t]n. （植物的）主根，直根;194. adventitious root本地词典无数据195. aerial root [ˈɛəriəl ru:t]气生根;196. aerating [eə'reɪtɪŋ]v. 使暴露于空气中，使充满气体( aerate 的现在分词 );197. mangrove ['mæŋɡrəʊv]n. 红树属树木，海榄雌;198. sepal [ˈsepl]n. 萼片;199. petals [petlz]n. 花瓣( petal的名词复数 );200. stamen [ˈsteɪmən]n.雄蕊201. filament [ˈfɪləmənt]n.[印，纺]长丝，单纤维；[电]灯丝，丝极，游丝；细丝，丝状体；[植]（雄蕊的）花丝202. anther [ˈænθə(r)]n.花药203. stigma ['stɪɡmə]n.耻辱，污名；烙印；（病的）特征；[植] 柱头204. style [staɪl]n.方式；样式；时髦；仪表，品位vt.设计；称呼；为…造型vi.使符合流行式样；用刻刀作装饰画205. perianth ['perɪænθ]n.花被；蒴苞206. corolla [kə'rɒlə]n.花冠207. calyx ['keɪlɪks]n.花萼；盏；盂；杯状部（或腔）208. ovule [ˈɒvju:l]n.胚珠，卵子；原卵209. self pollination [self pɔlɪˈneɪʃn]自花传粉，自花受精210. cross pollination [krɔs pɔlɪˈne ɪʃn]异花授粉211. hybrid ['haɪbrɪd]n.杂种；杂交生成的生物体；混合物；混合词adj.混合的；杂种的212. fertilization [ˌfɜ:təlaɪ'zeɪʃn] n.施肥；受精，受精过程，受精行为[现象]；受孕；受胎213. double fertilization [ˈdʌbl ˌf ə:tilaiˈzeiʃən]双受精作用214. embryo [ˈembriəʊ]n.生胚，胚胎；胚芽；初期215. fleshy fruit [ˈfleʃi fru:t]肉质果216. dry fruit [drai fru:t]干果217. seed coat [si:d kəut]种皮218. endosperm [ˈendəuspə:m]n.胚乳219. dormant state [ˈdɔ:mənt steit] 休止状态220. emerge [ɪ'mɜ:dʒ]vi.出现，浮现；暴露；摆脱221. regional climate [ˈri:dʒənəl ˈklaimit]区域性气候222. microclimate [ˈmaɪkrəʊklaɪmət] n.小气候（指森林、城市、洞穴等局部地区的气候）223. humidity [hju:ˈmɪdəti]n.（空气中的）湿度；潮湿，高温潮湿；湿热；[物]湿度224. elevation [ˌelɪ'veɪʃn]n.高处，高地，高度，海拔，（枪炮的）仰角，射角；升级，上进，向上；高尚；[建]正视图，立视图225. moisture ['mɔɪstʃə(r)]n.水分；湿气；潮湿；降雨量226. moisture stress [ˈmɔistʃə stres] 水应力227. vernalization [ˌvɜ:nəlɪˈzeɪʃən] n. 开花结实促进法，种子促熟法;春化228. induce [inˈdju:s]vt. 引诱;引起;[电]感应;归纳229. thermoperiodism [ˌθə:məuˈpiəri ədizəm]n. （尤指植物的）温周期现象;温变周期性;温期现象230. stratification [ˌstrætəfɪˈkeɪʃən]n. 层理;成层;层化;分层231. temperature stress [ˈtempəritʃəstres]温度应力232. sunscald ['sʌnskɔ:ld]n.晒伤，日灼病；日烧伤233. intensity [ɪn'tensətɪ]n.强烈；（感情的）强烈程度；强度；烈度234. quality ['kwɒlətɪ]n.质量，品质；美质，优点；才能，能力，技能，素养；品种adj.优质的，高质量的；上流社会的235. daylength ['deɪleŋθ]昼长236. germination [ˌdʒɜ:mɪ'neɪʃn]n.萌芽，发生；萌发；生芽；催芽237. dormancy ['dɔ:mənsɪ]n.睡眠，冬眠，隐匿238. pigment ['pɪɡmənt]n.颜料，色料；[生]色素vt.给…着色vi.呈现颜色239. molecule [ˈmɒlɪkju:l]n.分子；微小颗粒240. phytochrome ['faɪtəʊkrəʊm]n.（植物的）光敏色素241. photoperiodism [fəʊtəʊ'pɪərɪədɪzm]n.暴露于阳光而产生的反应242. insect [ˈɪnsekt]n.虫，昆虫；卑鄙的人；微贱的人，小人adj.昆虫的；卑劣的243. microorganism [ˌmaɪkrəʊ'ɔ:gənɪz əm]n.微生物244. growing medium生长基质；生长介质245. vermiculite [vɜ:'mɪkjʊˌlaɪt] n.蛭石246. perlite ['pɜ:laɪt]n.珍珠岩247. peat moss [pi:t mɔs]n.泥煤苔（泥煤的主成分）248. sphagnum [ˈsfægnəm]n.泥炭藓块（用于包装等）249. leaf mold [li:f məuld]n. 腐叶土壤，叶霉病，（导致叶霉病的）霉菌250. hydroponic [ˌhaɪdrə'pɒnɪk] adj.溶液培养的251. leach [li:tʃ]vi.术（将化学品、矿物质等）过滤vt.（液体）过滤，滤去n.过滤；过滤器252. volatilization [ˌvɒlətɪlaɪ'zeɪʃən]n.挥发，发散253. denitrification [di:ˌnaɪtrɪfɪ'ke ɪʃn]n.反硝化作用，脱硝作用，脱氮作用254. photosynthesis [ˌfəʊtəʊˈsɪnθəs ɪs]n.光合作用，光能合成255. fertigation [fɜ:tɪ'ɡeɪʃən]n.滴灌施肥256. clay [kleɪ]n.黏土，泥土；（相对于灵魂而言的）人体，肉体；似黏土的东西；克莱（男子名，Clayton 的昵称）vt.用黏土处理[人名] [英格兰人姓氏] 克莱地貌名称，或职业名称，黏土坑工人，来源于古英语，含义是“黏土”(clay)；[男子名] 克莱Clayton的昵称；[地名] [美国] 克莱257. profile ['prəʊfaɪl]n.侧面，半面；外形，轮廓；[航]翼型；人物简介vt.描…的轮廓；给…画侧面图；为（某人）写传略；[机]铣出…的轮廓258. propagation [ˌprɒpə'ɡeɪʃn]n.传播，传输，蔓延，扩展，波及深度；〔生〕繁殖法，〔地〕传导；宣传；培养259. sexual propagation [ˈseksjuəl ˌprɔpəˈgeɪʃən]有性繁殖260. asexual propagation [eiˈseksjuəl ˌprɔpəˈgeɪʃən]无性繁殖[生殖]261. sprout [spraʊt]vi.发芽；抽芽vt.使发芽；使生长n.幼芽，新梢；[植]球芽甘蓝；幼苗状物，年轻人；美俚〉后代262. stem cutting [stem ˈkʌtɪŋ]枝插263. cutting ['kʌtɪŋ]adj.锋利的，锐利的；刺骨的，像刀割似的；讽刺的，挖苦的n.切割；剪报，剪辑；[园]插枝；开凿v.切开(cut的现在分词)；削减；采伐264. layering [ˈleiəriŋ]n. 压条法;成层;分层265. tissue culture [ˈtisju: ˈkʌltʃə] n.组织培养，体素培养266. grafting ['grɑ:ftɪŋ]n.嫁接法，移植法v.农移植( graft的现在分词 )；嫁接；使（思想、制度等）成为（…的一部份）；植根267. hormone ['hɔ:məʊn]n.荷尔蒙；激素268. dipping [ˈdipiŋ]n. 浸渍，蘸;adj. （可）调好近光的;v. 浸( dip的现在分词 );（把烛芯浸在融蜡里）制造（蜡烛）;把（汽车前灯）的远光调为近光;洗药水浴269. fungicide [ˈfʌndʒisaid]n. 杀真菌剂270. herbaceous [hɜ:ˈbeɪʃəs]adj.草本的；叶状的271. bulbs [bʌlbz]n.球茎( bulb的名词复数 )；电灯泡；（植物）鳞茎272. corm [kɔ:m]n.球茎，球根273. sucker ['sʌkə(r)]n.[动]吸盘；吸管；乳儿，吮吸者；[鱼]（有吸盘的）胭脂鱼类vt.从…除去吸根；[植]生出徒长枝vi.成为吸根；长出根出条274. graft [ɡrɑ:ft]n. 移植;嫁接;渎职;贪污，受贿;vt. 移植;嫁接，接枝;贪污;用嫁接法种植;vi. 移植;贪污;受贿;嫁接;275. budding ['bʌdɪŋ]adj. 正发芽的;开始发育的;初露头角的;新获得成功的;n. 发芽，含苞;[植]芽接（法），（出）芽（繁）殖;v. “bud”的现在分词;276. genetically [dʒə'netɪklɪ]adv.创始；遗传学；生殖；基因277. gmo [ˌdʒi:em'əʊ]n.[医][=garamycin ointment]庆大霉素油膏278. genetically modified organism [d ʒe'netikəli ˈmɔdifaid ˈɔ:ɡənizəm]转基因组织279. algal bloom [ˈælɡəl blu:m]藻花；水华280. chemical pest control [ˈkemikəl pest kənˈtrəul][化] 化学防治（病虫害）281. resistance [rɪ'zɪstəns]n.抵抗；阻力；抗力；电阻282. chain [tʃeɪn] n.链子，链条；连锁，连续；拘束；连锁店或旅馆系列的事物vt.用铁链锁住；监禁，束缚283. interfere [ˌɪntə'fɪə(r)]vi.干预，干涉；调停，排解；妨碍，打扰284. calcium ['kælsɪəm]n.化钙285. metabolism [məˈtæbəlɪzəm]n.新陈代谢；代谢作用286. incubation [ˌɪŋkjuˈbeɪʃn]n.孵卵；孵化；医，生（传染病的）潜伏期；生（细菌等的）繁殖287. pharmaceutical [ˌfɑ:mə'su:tɪkl] adj.制药的，配药的n.药物288. beverage [ˈbevərɪdʒ]n.饮料289. bacteria [bækˈtiəriə]n. 细菌(bacterium的名词复数)290. diagnostics [ˌdaɪəg'nɒstɪks] n.诊断学291. research [rɪ'sɜ:tʃ]n.研究，追究；探讨，探测；调查；探索vi.做研究；探究；（从市场调研中）得出所预测的结果vt.从事…的研究，为…而做研究292. sweetness [ˈswi:tnəs]n.甜蜜；美妙；芳香；可爱293. vaccine ['væksi:n]n.疫苗，痘苗adj.痘苗的，疫苗的294. scion [ˈsaɪən]n. 接穗，幼枝;（尤指富家）子孙;295. cleft [kleft]n. 裂缝;裂口;cleave的过去式和过去分词;进退维谷;v. 劈开，剁开，割开( cleave的过去式和过去分词 );296. rootstock [ru:ts'tɒk]n. 根茎;初生主根;根砧木;根源;297. chisel ['tʃɪzl]n. 凿子，錾子;<俚>诈骗;vt.& vi. 凿，雕;錾，镌;欺骗;钻进;298. affinity [ə'fɪnətɪ]n. 密切关系，姻亲关系;（男女之间的）吸引力，吸引人的异性;类同;类似，近似;299. mallet ['mælɪt]n. 木槌;长柄球棍;大锤;300. saw [sɔ:]n. 锯;谚语，格言;vt.& vi. 往复移动;锯成;用锯;拉锯; v. 看见( see的过去式);观看;领会;考虑;301. cuticle [ˈkju:tɪkl]n. （手指甲或脚趾甲根部的）外皮;302. epidermis [ˌepɪˈdɜ:mɪs]n. 表皮;303. alburnum [ælˈbə:nəm]n. 边材;液材;304. ligature ['lɪɡətʃə(r)]n. 带子;绷带;<音>集结音符;<印>连体字母;305. intimate ['ɪntɪmət]adj. 亲密的，亲近的;私人的，个人的;内部的;直接的; n. 至交;密友;v. 暗示，提示;宣布，通知;306. cambium ['kæmbɪəm]n. 形成层，新生组织;307. stub [stʌb]n. 树桩;铅笔头，烟蒂;票根，存根;vt. 使（脚趾）碰到某物;捻灭（香烟，雪茄等）;连根拔出;308. mouldy [ˈməʊldi]adj. 发霉的;破旧的;309. intervention [ˌɪntə'venʃn]n. 介入，干涉，干预;调解，排解;310. severance ['sevərəns]n. 切断;断绝;割断;离职金;311. thorn [θɔ:n]n. 刺;棘刺，荆棘;带刺的植物;刺痛;312. dwarf [dwɔ:f]n. 侏儒，矮子;矮小的动物（植物）;[天]矮星;vt. （使）显得矮小;使（发育，智能等）受阻碍;使相形见绌;vi. 变矮小;adj. 矮小的;313. undesirable [ˌʌndɪˈzaɪərəbl] adj. 不受欢迎的，讨厌的;不合需要的;不方便的;不良的;n. 不受欢迎的人;不良分子;。
农学专业英语3复习题
Accrue:自然增加，产生Deplete:耗尽，使衰竭Deterioration:恶化，退化Duration:持续时间，为期Elimination:消除Fragile:易碎的，脆的Hammering:捶打，击打Humid:潮湿的，湿润的，多湿气的Impetus:推动力，促进Irrefutable:不能反驳的，不能驳倒的No-tillage:免耕salination:盐化（作用）Muloh:覆盖）Stubble-muloh: 秸秆覆盖Amenity :使人愉快的事物或环境Deceleration:减速Elasticity: 弹性，伸缩性Incremental:增长性Infrastructure:基础，基本建设Ingredient:成分，调料Pronounced:明显的Scenario:方案Strident:尖锐的Subsector:亚区，分布，部分Substantially:实质的Welfare:幸福，健康，福利Acquisition:获得，获得物Cytoplasmic: 细胞质的Cytoplasmic male sterility :细胞质雄性不育Genotype:基因型Hybrid:杂交的Hybridization:杂交Pollinate:授粉Since the 1940s,andparticularly during the last thirty years, maize and wheat have become increasingly important in developing countries. In the early 1960s,the developing world accounted for just over a third of global maize production and less than 30% of global wheat output . By the early 1990s , developing countries accounted for more than 45% of total world production of both cereals. Maize production in developing countries grew at an annual rate of 3.6% from 1961 to 1995; wheat production at an even faster rat自1940年代以来,特别是在过去的三十年,玉米和小麦在发展中国家中发挥了变的越来越重要。
农学专业英语作文模板及范文
农学专业英语作文模板及范文英文回答：Introduction。
Agriculture, the science and practice of cultivating plants and livestock, has a profound impact on human society. It provides us with sustenance, raw materials, and supports entire industries. As the world's population continues to grow, ensuring a sustainable and efficient agricultural system is paramount. Agricultural science plays a crucial role in this endeavor, and professionals in this field are in high demand.Agronomy。
Agronomy focuses on the cultivation of crops. Agronomists study soil science, crop physiology, and plant breeding to optimize crop yield and quality while minimizing environmental impact. They develop innovativecropping systems, manage pests and diseases, and improve soil health to ensure sustainable agricultural practices.Animal Science。
Animal science revolves around the health, nutrition, and management of livestock. Animal scientists study animal anatomy, nutrition, and genetics to improve animal productivity, welfare, and product quality. They develop feeding strategies, manage breeding programs, and implement disease control measures to ensure the sustainable production of meat, milk, and other animal products.Agricultural Economics。
学位,专业名称英语翻译
学位名称、专业名称及主要课程中英文对照各学院（原系）中英文对照生物技术学院College of Biotechnology生命科学学院College of Life Science资源环境学院College of Environment and Natural Resources资源环境学院College of Resources and Environment林学院College of Forestry经济贸易学院College of Economics and Trade经济管理学院College of Economics Management工程技术学院College of Polytechnics工程学院College of Engineering农业工程系Department of Agricultural Engineering理学院College of Sciences信息学院 College of Information人文学院College of Humanities公管管理学院 College of Public Management农学系Department of Agronomy园艺系Department of Horticulture蚕桑系Department of Sericulture艺术设计学院 College of Art Design动物科学系Department of Animal Science动物科学学院 College of Animal Science兽医学院 College of Veterinary Science食品科学系Department of Food Science食品学院 College of Food艺术学院 College of Arts水利与土木工程学院 College of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering各学位名称对照农学士 Agriculture工学士 Engineering理学士 Sciences哲学士 Philosophy经济学士 Economics管理学士 Management文学士 Arts各专业中英文名称对照工商管理 Business Administration金融学 Finance and Banking经济学 Economics会计学 Accounting农林经济管理 Agricultural/forest Economy Management社会工作 Social Work英语 English生物技术 Biotechnology机械设计及其自动化 Machine Design & Manufacturing and Their Automation 信息管理与信息系统 Information Management & Information Systems电子信息工程 Electronic and Information Engineering农业机械化及其自动化 Agricultural Mechanization And Its Automation农业电气化与自动化 Agricultural Electrification and Automation土木工程 Civil Engineering交通运输 Traffic and Transportation应用化学 Applied chemistry计算机科学与技术 Computer Science and Technology植物保护 Plant Protection土地资源管理 Land Resources Management农业资源与环境 Agricultural Resources and Environment土地资源管理 Land Resources Management农学 Agronomy茶学 Tea Science食品科学与工程 Food Science and Engineering园艺 Horticulture木材科学与工程 Wood Science and Engineering森林资源保护与游憩 Forest Resources Conservation and Recreation林学 Forestry园林 Landscape Gardening动物科学 Animal Science动物医学 Veterinary Medicine蚕学 Sericulture法学 Law食品科学与工程 Food Science and Engineering服装设计与工程 Apparel Design and Engineering管理信息系统 Management Information Systems土壤与农业化学 Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry土地规划与利用 Land Planning and Utilization农业环境保护 Agricultural Environment Protection木材加工 Wood Processing经济林 Economic Forest农业经济与管理 Agricultural Economics and Management贸易经济 Trade Economics企业管理 Industrial Management国际金融 International Trade农业机械化 Agricultural Mechanization机械设计 Design and Manufacturing汽车运用工程 Mobile Application中国社会主义建设 Chinese Socialist Construction作物遗传育种 Plant Genetics and Breeding果树 Pomology动物营养与饲料加工 Animal Nutrition and Feed Processing畜牧 Animal Husbandry农业工程 Agricultural Engineering家具设计与室内装饰 Furniture Design and Room Decoration市场策划与营销 Market Planning and Marketing土地经济与房地产管理 Land Economics and Real Estate Management 精细化工 Fine Chemistry财务管理与计算机 Financial Management and Computer经贸英语 Business English公共关系与秘书 Public Relation茶叶加工与贸易 Tea Processing And Trade花卉与庭园工程 Floriculture And Gardening丝绸与贸易 Silk And Trade养禽与禽病防治 Poultry Raising And Disease Control微生物发酵技术与贸易 Microorganism Fermentation And Trade各学院（原系）主要课程中英文对照生物技术学院(College of Biotechnology)生命科学学院(College of Life Science)化学除草原理与技术 Principles and application of weed chemistry control 种子生理 Seed physiology组织培养技术 Technology of tissue culture果蔬保鲜原理与技术 Techniques in preservation of fruit & vegetable植物学 Botany酶工程 Enzyme engineering植物显微技术 Botanical microtechnique细胞生物学 Cell biology农田杂草 Farmland weed普通生态学 General ecology药用植物资源利用 Resources and utilization of medicinal plant生物化学研究技术 Techniques in biochemistry researches分析与检测技术 Technology of test and analysis动物生物化学 Animal biochemistry基因工程 Genetic engineering文献查阅与综述方法 Document searching and reviewing植物生物化学 Plant biochemistry蛋白质工程 Protein engineering分子生物学 Molecular biology植物生物化学实验 Plant biochemistry experiment遗传（基因）工程导论 Introduction to genetic engineering辐照基础与应用 Basis and application of irradiation technology辐射生物学 Irradiational biology免疫学 Immunology同位素示踪原理及其应用技术 Isotopic tracer technique reason and appliance 同位素应用技术 Application of isotopes生物电子显微技术 Electron microscope and preparation of biological specimen 仪器分析 Instrumental analysis现代仪器分析与食品检测 Modern instrumental analysis and food inspection农业与温室气体（排放） Agriculture greenhouse effect gases电镜技术 Electron microscope technique植物生理学 Plant physiology生物物理学 Biophysics生态学 Ecology核素应用技术 The application of nuclide农业电子技术 The electronic technology of agriculture食品科学系Department of Food Science食品学院College of Food Science普通微生物学 General microbiology农业微生物学 Agricultural microbiology食品微生物学 Food microbiology环境微生物学 Environmental microbiology微生物学实验技术 Experimental technique in microbiology食品微生物学实验 Microbiological test of food发酵工艺学原理 Principles of fermentation technology微生物遗传育种 Microbial genetics and strain improvement食品生物化学 Biochemistry of food products食品添加济 Additives of food products食物酶学 Enzyme engineering of food食品分析 Food analysis食品营养学 Food nutriology食品工艺学 Food technology果蔬加工学 Processing of fruit and vegetable食品工厂设计 The design of food factory乳品学 Dairy science &technology蛋品学 Egg science & technology肉品学 Meat science & technology食品工程原理 Principles of food engineering农产品加工学 Agricultural products processing technology食品机械与设备 Food machinery and equipment食品包装学 Food packaging动物科学系Department of Animal Science动物科学学院College of Animal Science动物生理学 Animal physiology家畜行为学 Ethnology of domestic animals饲料卫生学 Feed hygienic配合饲料工艺学 Technology of formula feed单胃动物营养学 Nutrition of unistomach animals反刍动物营养学 Ruminant nutrition饲料检测技术 The technique of feed checking and analysis饲料生产学 Feed production饲料添加剂学 Feed addition家畜饲料学附饲料分析 Livestock feeding and feeds analysis饲料原料及加工贮藏 Feed ingredients and processing and storage动物饲养学 Animal feeding动物营养学基本原理 The basal principle of animal nutrition配合饲料技术 The technique of formular feed普通畜牧学 Animal husbandry淡水养鱼学 Culture of fresh-water fish动物学 Zoology家禽学 Poultry science珍禽学 Science of rare birds家畜育种学 Poultry breeding家禽孵化学 Poultry hatching家畜环境卫生学 Livestock environment hygiene牛生产学 Cattle production家兔生产学 Rabbit production猪生产学 Swine production畜牧家畜育种学 Animal breeding数量遗传学 Quantitative genetics动物遗传学 Animal genetics生物统计附试验设计 Biological statistics养犬与养猫 Canine and feline production家畜繁殖学 Animal reproduction动物遗传育种 Animal Genetics & Breeding动物生产学 Animal production动物医学系(Department of Veterinary Medicine )兽医学院(College of Veterinary Medicine)家畜解剖学 The anatomy of the domestic animals禽病学 Diseases of poultry家畜病理学 The pathology of the domestic animals动物组织学与胚胎学 Histology and embryology of the domestic animals 家畜解剖学及组织胚胎学家禽普通病学 General diseases of poultry中兽医学 Traditional Chinese veterinary medicine兽医临床诊断学 Clinical diagnosis of veterinarian家禽传染病学 Avian infectious diseases家禽内科学 Internal medicine of domestic animals家禽药理学 Poultry pharmacology兽医药理学 Veterinary pharmacology家畜寄生虫学 Parasitology of domestic animals家禽病理学 Pathology of poultry兽医产科学 Veterinary breeding家畜外科学 Veterinary surgery兽医应用免疫学 Veterinary applied immunology动物性食品卫生学 Animal food hygiene家畜传染病学 Infections disease of domestic animals兽医学 Veterinary medicine兽医药理学的毒理学 Veterinary pharmacy toxicology理学院(College of Science)计算机关系数据库 Relationship database计算机应用基础 Fundamentals of computer application 计算机应用基础 Computer applicationC语言程序设计 Programming in C物理化学 Physical chemistry有机化学 Organic chemistry分析化学 Analytical chemistry普通化学 General chemistry化工仪表 Chemical engineering and meter化学实验 Experiment in general chemistry大学物理 College physics应用电子技术 The application of electronic technology概率论 Probability theory线性代数 Linear algebra高等数学 Advanced mathematics必修课 The required courses选修课 Optional courses限选课 Limited optional courses实践课 Practical courses军训 Military training专业劳动 Work in specialty and for production教学实践 Practice in the course生产实习 Training for working毕业论文（设计） The thesis or designing for graduation 物化胶化 Physical colloid chemistry人文科学学院(College of Humanities)法律基础 Fundamentals of law社会主义人生实践 The socialist practice in one’s life形势政策教育 The education of situation and policy马克思主义原理 The course on Marxist theories中国革命史 The history of Chinese revolution中国革命的理论与实践 The theory and practice of the Chinese revolution社会调查研究理论与方法 Theory and method on social investigation and research 中国社会主义建设 China’s socialist construction国际贸易 International trade经济法学 Economic law中国社会主义市场经济概论 An introduction to china’s socialist market economy政治经济学 Political economics西方经济学 Western economics行政管理学 Administration management应用写作 Practical writing思想教育 Ideological education自然科学方法论 The methodology of natural science逻辑学 Logic农业文献检索 Agricultural literature indexing专业英语 Special English体育 Physical training毛泽东思想概论 An introduction to Mao zedong thought邓小平理论概论 An introduction to Deng xiaoping theory教育学 Pedagogy思想道德修养 Thought & moral training教学法 Teaching method应用写作 Practical writing农业史 Agricultural history经济贸易学院(College of Economics and Trade)乡镇企业管理学院(College of Rural Enterprise Management)宏观经济学 Macroeconomics微观经济学 Microeconomics政治经济学 Political economics发展经济学 Development economics农业经济学 Agricultural economics外国农业经济 Foreign agricultural economics中国经济地理 Economy geography in China经济法学 The law of economics国际商法 International commercial law管理信息系统 Management information system农业会计学 Agricultural accounting消费经济学 Consumption economics电算化会计原理 Computer accounting成本会计 Cost accounting统计学原理 Principle of statistics商品流通统计 Accounting in commodity circulation金融统计 Financial statistics会计学原理 Principle of accounting商品流通企业会计 Business accounting in commodity circulation 财务会计学 Financial accounting审计学 Auditing银行会计 Bank accounting农业政策学 Agricultural policy管理学原理 Principle management企业学原理 Business management房地产经营管理 Administration and management of real estate银行经营管理 Administration and management of bank商业企业经营管理 Business administration and management涉外企业管理 Foreign business management资源经济学 Resource economics农产品贸易学 Agricultural products trade国际贸易 International trade进出口贸易实务 Practice in import-Export trade市场营销学 Marketing国际市场营销学 International marketing财政学 Public finance国际金融 International finance证券投资 Investment on securities公共关系学 Public relations货币银行学 Economics of money and banking投资经济学 Economics of investment国际结算 International settlement银行信贷学 Bank credit财政金融 Public finance and monetary economics期货交易理论与实务 Theory and practices of futures土地经济学 Land economics乡镇企业经济管理 The economic management of tow’s enterprise 经济计量学 Economical estimate审计学 audit农学系(Department of Agronomy)农学院(College of Agriculture)制茶学 Manufacture of tea作物育种学（各论） Crop breeding作物育种学（总论） Crop breeding (general discourse)种子学原理 Principles of seed science农业管理学 Agricultural management农产品综合利用 Comprehensive utilization of crop products耕作学 Cultivation science经济作物学 Industry crop science农业气象基础 Agrometeorology遗传学 Genetics茶树栽培学 Tea cultivation茶叶审评与检验 Tea tasting and inspection试验设计与统计分析 Experimental designs and statistical analyses农业生态学 Agroecology农业自然资源利用及农业区划 Utilization of agricultural resources and agricultural regionalization 茶树能种学 Tea plant breeding粮食作物学 Food crop science茶叶生物化学 Biochemistry of tea农业推广学 Agricultural popularization农业环境保护 Agricultural environmental protection作物栽培学与耕作学 Crop cultivation & geoponics蚕桑系(Department of Sericulture)艺术设计学院(College of Art Design)蚕桑综合利用 Silkworm-mulberry multipurpose utilization茧丝学 Cocoon silk science养蚕学 Seri cultural science蚕体解剖生理 Anatomy and physiology of silkworm桑树栽培及育种学 Mulberry cultivation & breeding桑树病虫害防治学蚕种学 Silkworm egg production家蚕遗传育种 Silkworm genetic of thremmatology遗传学 Genetics蚕病学 Silkworm pathology蚕桑学 Sericulture园艺系(Department of Horticulture)园艺学院(College of Horticulture)插花艺术 Art of floweral arrangement蔬菜育种学 Vegetable breeding花卉园艺学 Floriculture园艺商品学 Marketing of horticultural product园艺设施栽培 Horticultural facilities culture植物显微技术 Plant microtechnology园艺通论 General horticulture园艺昆虫学 Horticultural entomology园艺植物育种学 Plant breeding in horticulture果树生理学 Fruit tree physiology园艺研究法 Horticulture studies果树栽培学总论 Pomology园艺产品贮藏保鲜学 Techniques in preservation of horticultural products园艺植物病理学 The pest control of horticulture plant花卉保鲜学 Techniques in preservation of flowers & plants园艺植物生理学 Horticulture plant pathology蔬菜栽培学 Vegetable culture盆景艺术 Pruning采后生理 Post harvest physiology果树抗性育种专题 Special topic on fruit tree resistance园艺植物的生物技术 The biotechnique of horticultural plant园艺概论 An outline of horticulture蔬菜学 Olericulture果树学 Pomology工程技术学院(College of polytechnics)工程学院(College of Engineering)建筑电工 Architectural electrotechnics电工学 Electrotechnics工业电子学 Industrial electronics材料力学 Strength of materials建筑力学（结构力学部分） Mechanics of structure理论力学 Theoretical mechanics机械设计 Machinery design机械原理 Theory of machine and mechanism画法几何学 Drawing geometry机械制图 Engineering drawing工程制图 Engineering drawing园林工程制图 Landscape drawing建筑制图 Building drawing液压技术2 Hydraulic technique 2机械工程材料 Materials of mechanical engineering机床夹具设计原理 Theory of jig design for machine tool冷冲工艺及冷冲模设计 Punching technology and punch die design金属切削原理与刀具 Principle of l cutting and cutting tool金属工艺学 l technology机械制造工艺学 Manufactural technology of machinery金属工艺学 l technology液压技术1 Hydraulic technique 1汽车维修理论 Theory of automobile service汽车运输学 Transportation of automobile互换性与测量技术 Interchangeability and technical measurement汽车构造 Construction of automobile汽车运用工程 Automobile application engineering热工基础 Fundamental of thermo-technology食品干燥工艺与设备 Food drying technology and equipment食品包装机械 Food packaging machinery农业机械学 Agricultural machinery食品工程原理 Theory of food process engineering食品加工机械与设备 Foot processing machinery and equipments砼与砌体结构 Reinforce concrete建筑构造 Structure of building建筑材料 Constructional material建筑施工技术与施工组织 Technology and planning of building operation单层工业厂房排架结构设计 The design of single-factory building with d structure 高层建筑结构设计 Design of high rise building民用建筑设计原理 Design of civil architecture农业系统工程及管理工程 Systems engineering and management engineering资源环境学院(College of Resources and Environment)环境监测 Environmental monitoring土壤农业化学 Agrochemistry analysis生产布局学原理 Principle of productive distribution城镇建设用地管理 Management of land urban construction城市规划原理 Principle of urban planning资源经济学 Resources economics经济地理 Economic geography土地资源调查 Land resources survey地图绘编 Map establishment遥感技术基础 Fundamental of remote sensing technology土地信息系统 Land information system地籍管理 Land management土地规划学 Land planning science土地管理学 Land management土地经济学 Land economic房地产管理 Management of real estate房地产估价 Appraisement of real estate固体废物的处理与处置 Treatment & disposal wastes城市污泥的农业再循环与生态环境 The agricultural recycling of municipal sludge and the ecological environment 大气污染控制工程 Air pollution controlling engineering环境质量评价 Environmental quality assessment环境化学 Environmental chemistry水体污染控制工程 Water pollution controlling engineering环境生态 Environmental ecology土壤污染与防治 Soil pollution环境保护概论 Introduction of environmental protection农业环境保护概论 Introduction of agricultural environmental protection无土栽培原理与技术 Theories and techniques of soilless culture农业化学总论 Introduction of agrochemistry作物施肥原理 Principles of crop fertilization作物营养研究法 Methodology of plant nutrition土壤物理学 Soil physics土壤学 Pedology环境土壤学 Environmental pedology土壤化学 Soil chemistry土壤粘粒矿物 Mineral of soil clay fration土质学基础 Basis of geology土壤地理学 Soil geography区域土壤学 Regional pedology土壤资源调查 Soil resources survey茶树病虫害(病害部分) Tea disease and pest (disease section)植物检疫学 Quarantine for pests植物病毒学 Plant virology果树病理学 Fruit tree pathology果蔬病害 Fruit and vegetable diseases植物免疫学 Plant immunology普通昆虫学 General entomology真菌资源及利用 Fungal resources and their utilization除草剂毒理学 Toxicology of herbicides植物病害生物防治学 Biological prevention and control of plant diseases害虫生物防治 Biological control杀菌剂毒理学 Toxicology of fungicides植物病害流行学 Epidemiology of plant diseases农业螨类学 Agricultural acarology害虫综合防治 Integrated pest management生物统计学 Biometrics城市昆虫学 Civil entomology作物抗虫育种原理及应用 Principle and application of resistant plant breeding 植物病原细菌学 Plant bacteriology植物病理学 Plant pathology真菌分类学 Taxonomy of fungi植物线虫学 Plant nematology农业植物病理学 Agricultural phytopathology普通植物病理学 General phytopathology果蔬昆虫学 Fruit plant & vegetable entomology果蔬贮运病害 Fruit and vegetable diseases during storage食用真菌学 Edible fung林学院College of Forestry数理统计 Mathematical statistics遗传学 Genetics树木育种学 Forest tree breeding树木育苗学 Tree seeds and nursery stock science自然保护区学 Science of nature reserve造林学 Silviculture林业技术经济学 Forestry technology economics森林经营学 Forest management林业经济管理学 Management of forestry economics林业政策与法规 Policies and laws of forestry会计学原理 Fundamentals of accounting树木病理学 Forest pathology测树学 Forest measuration测量学 Surveying森林生态学 Forest ecology森林土壤学 Forest soil science森林经理学 Forest management森林昆虫学 Forest entomology树木学 Dendrology机械设计基础 Fundamentals of mechanical design厂内运输 Equipment of transit in factory胶合板制造学 The manufacturing of plywood木材加工企业管理 Forest products management胶粘剂与涂料 Adhesive and paint木材学 Wood science木材干燥 Timber drying木制品生产工艺学 Tec manufacturing of wood products纤维板制造学 Fiberboard manufacturing technology刨花板制造学 The manufacturing of particleboard木材切削原理与刀具 The principles of wood cutting and tools木工机械 Wood machinery土壤学 Soil science经济林育种学 Economic forest breeding经济林昆虫学 Economic forest entomology经济林病理学 Economic forest pathology经济林栽培学 Economic forest culture园林设计 Parks and gardens design造型艺术 Plastic art城市绿地规划 City open spaces planning园林树木栽培养护学 Garden tree cultivation园林树木学 Ornamental dendrology园林专业绘画课 Painting of landscape architecture城市规划基础 Fundamentals of city planning城市园林绿化经济管理 Economic management of urban landscape gardening 风景园林设计初步 Elementary landscape architecture design园林植物病理学 Ornamental plant pathology园林昆虫学 Ornamental plant entomology园林史 History of landscape architecture园林工程 Landscape architectural engineering土壤学 Soil science城市生态学 Urban ecology森林保护学 Forest protection。
(完整版)农学专业英语
Unit 11.The basic parts of a plant a the root system, which is below the ground , and the shoot system above. 一植株最基本组成部分是地下根系统和地上茎系统2.It takes in, or absorbs, water and mineral from the soil through the root hairs, which are single cells near the tip of each root根毛是靠近根顶端的单细胞，它可以从土壤中吸收水分和矿物质3.In addition, plants such as clover and Lucerne, known as ‘legumes’ have special bacteria which live on the roots. 另外，一些豆科作物，如三叶草和苜蓿，有特殊的寄生在根部的细菌4.Another important function is to enable water and mineral to pass up from the roots to the leaves and flowers.另一种重要的功能是使水和矿物质从根运输到叶片和花上5.Their main job is to make food for the plant by the process known as photosynthesis.它们的主要任务是光合作用为作物提供营养6.Water from the soil and carbon dioxide from the air are converted into sugars and other carbohydrates.来自土壤中的水和来自大气中的二氧化碳被转变成糖和碳水化合物7.The stamens produce the male sex cells, or spermatic, which are carried in the pollen grains雄蕊产生雄性细胞或是性孢子，它们被花粉粒携带.8.The fruit, the ripened ovary of the flower, encloses the seeds and protects them while they are developing，果实，花中成熟的子房，包围着种子，当它们发育时候并保护它们9.The seed itself consists of an embryo and foodstore种子是由胚和.胚乳构成的10.The embryo is the part which will develop into anther plant and the foodstore is necessary to provide nourishment for the young plant while it is growing.胚是能发育成另外作物的器官，胚乳是为发育中的幼体提供必要的营养Unit 21.Seeds remain dormant, or in a resting state, if they are kept cool and dry.种子在低温和干燥条件下，处于休眠状态2.When the amount of moisture and the temperature level are right, the seeds germinate and start growing.当温度和湿度适宜时，种子发芽并开始生长3.This is because wet soils remain cold for a longer period of time than drier, well-drained soils.这是因为湿的土壤比干燥的排水好的土壤更能保持更长时间的低温4.Dormant seeds require very little oxygen in order to stay alive, but when they start to germinate they require more. 种子在休眠状态时为保持活力需要较少o2，但当它们发芽时需要较多的o25.In the early stages of development the seedling depends entirely on the foodstore in the seed but as soon as the first leaves are produced, it is able to manufacture food for itself.发育早期，幼苗完全依靠种子中的胚乳，但是一旦第一片子叶产生，它就能为自己生产食物6.In the process of pollination the pollen is carried by wind or insects from the stamens to the stigma of the carpel.传播花粉过程中，花粉被风或是昆虫从雄蕊传播，到雌蕊柱头上7.It germinates on the stigma and grows down the style into the ovary, where fertilization takes place.它在柱头上产生并在子房中发育，进行受精Unit 3anic material originates from dead plants and animals and material other than this are derived from rocks of various kinds. 有机质发源于死的动植物，而矿物质是与之不同的不经分解，来源于不同种类的岩石2.These rocks are broken down into small particles by mechanical disintegration and chemical decomposition.这些岩石通过物理和化学分解成小颗粒3.In arid regions weathering is mostly by physical means.在干旱地区，风化主要由于物理因素4.But in humid regions chemical processes of weathering are equally important但是在湿润的地区，风蚀的化学过程是同等重要的.5.Consequently, the insoluble mineral residues in the soils have less resemblance to the original rocks. 因此，土壤中难以溶解的残余矿物质与原始的岩石无什么类似处6.Most of them contain various proportions of sand, silt and clay and these varying proportions make up a soil’s textural class.土壤主要包括沙子，粉砂，粘土。
农业资源与环境专业英语名词
designate 特指的 desire 渴望 desired harvest moisture 适 宜的收获含水量 destruction 确定 detect 确定 detection 检测 determine 决定 determining 确定 detrimental 致命的 develop 培育 development 发育 diagnosis 诊断 diagnostic methods 诊断方 法 diagnostic method 诊断方法 diameter 直径 dideoxy 双脱氧 differentiation 分化 dip to 下降 disease intection 感病 disease resistance 抗病性 disorders 紊乱 disprove 证明…是虚假的 dissolve 溶解 diverse 各种 division 分裂 domestication 驯化 dominance 显性性状 优势 dominant 显性的 double cross 双交 draft 草图 drain 沟 drainage 排水 drift 漂变 drill 播种机 dry down rate 干燥速率 dry plant tissue 干物质 duplication 重复
C
calculate 计算出 canola 加拿大油菜 canopy 冠层
capacity 能力 carbon dioxide 二氧化碳 carbonates 碳酸盐 cash 兑现 certified 合格的，经过认证 的 chemical 化学 chromosome 染色体 circumstances 区域 citrate-soluble 柠 檬 酸 溶 解 性磷 civil 国内的 civilian 平民的 civility 礼貌的 civilizable 可文明化的 clay 粘质，粘土 climate 气候 climatic 气候上的 clone 克隆 close 缩短 co-dominance 共显性 codon 密码子 combination 合作，排列 combination 混合物，综合 combine 联合 commercial 商用的 commercially 商业上 commit 趋近于 compaction 压实，紧实 competitive 竞争力 concentrated 集中的 concentration 含量 concentration 浓度 condition 处理 conditions 情况，条件 conduct 执行 confuse…with 和…混淆 conservation 保水 consistently 持续 contaminate 污染 content 含量 controversial 受争议的 conventional 传统的 converted 变成
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Unit 11.The basic parts of a plant a the root system, which is below the ground , and the shoot system above. 一植株最基本组成部分是地下根系统和地上茎系统2.It takes in, or absorbs, water and mineral from the soil through the root hairs, which are single cells near the tip of each root根毛是靠近根顶端的单细胞，它可以从土壤中吸收水分和矿物质3.In addition, plants such as clover and Lucerne, known as ‘legumes’ have special bacteria which live on the roots. 另外，一些豆科作物，如三叶草和苜蓿，有特殊的寄生在根部的细菌4.Another important function is to enable water and mineral to pass up from the roots to the leaves and flowers.另一种重要的功能是使水和矿物质从根运输到叶片和花上5.Their main job is to make food for the plant by the process known as photosynthesis.它们的主要任务是光合作用为作物提供营养6.Water from the soil and carbon dioxide from the air are converted into sugars and other carbohydrates.来自土壤中的水和来自大气中的二氧化碳被转变成糖和碳水化合物7.The stamens produce the male sex cells, or spermatic, which are carried in the pollen grains雄蕊产生雄性细胞或是性孢子，它们被花粉粒携带.8.The fruit, the ripened ovary of the flower, encloses the seeds and protects them while they are developing，果实，花中成熟的子房，包围着种子，当它们发育时候并保护它们9.The seed itself consists of an embryo and foodstore种子是由胚和.胚乳构成的10.The embryo is the part which will develop into anther plant and the foodstore is necessary to provide nourishment for the young plant while it is growing.胚是能发育成另外作物的器官，胚乳是为发育中的幼体提供必要的营养Unit 21.Seeds remain dormant, or in a resting state, if they are kept cool and dry.种子在低温和干燥条件下，处于休眠状态2.When the amount of moisture and the temperature level are right, the seeds germinate and start growing.当温度和湿度适宜时，种子发芽并开始生长3.This is because wet soils remain cold for a longer period of time than drier, well-drained soils.这是因为湿的土壤比干燥的排水好的土壤更能保持更长时间的低温4.Dormant seeds require very little oxygen in order to stay alive, but when they start to germinate they require more. 种子在休眠状态时为保持活力需要较少o2，但当它们发芽时需要较多的o25.In the early stages of development the seedling depends entirely on the foodstore in the seed but as soon as the first leaves are produced, it is able to manufacture food for itself.发育早期，幼苗完全依靠种子中的胚乳，但是一旦第一片子叶产生，它就能为自己生产食物6.In the process of pollination the pollen is carried by wind or insects from the stamens to the stigma of the carpel.传播花粉过程中，花粉被风或是昆虫从雄蕊传播，到雌蕊柱头上7.It germinates on the stigma and grows down the style into the ovary, where fertilization takes place.它在柱头上产生并在子房中发育，进行受精Unit 3anic material originates from dead plants and animals and material other than this are derived from rocks of various kinds. 有机质发源于死的动植物，而矿物质是与之不同的不经分解，来源于不同种类的岩石2.These rocks are broken down into small particles by mechanical disintegration and chemical decomposition.这些岩石通过物理和化学分解成小颗粒3.In arid regions weathering is mostly by physical means.在干旱地区，风化主要由于物理因素4.But in humid regions chemical processes of weathering are equally important但是在湿润的地区，风蚀的化学过程是同等重要的.5.Consequently, the insoluble mineral residues in the soils have less resemblance to the original rocks. 因此，土壤中难以溶解的残余矿物质与原始的岩石无什么类似处6.Most of them contain various proportions of sand, silt and clay and these varying proportions make up a soil’s textural class.土壤主要包括沙子，粉砂，粘土。
它们不同的比例构成了土壤不同的质地等级7.The principle classes in order of increasing fineness of material are sand, loamy sand, loamy, silt loamy, silty clay loam, clay loam, silt and clay.依照矿物质纯度顺序排列依次为沙土，壤砂土，壤土粉砂土，粘壤土，粉砂和粘土8.That is to say, smaller sized particles can react or combine with water, nutrients and humus more sassily than larger sized particles.就是说，小颗粒与水，营养和腐殖质比大颗粒更容易结合9.Humus from decomposed organic matter is vital to a soil as it makes a heavy soil lighter. 来源于腐烂有机物质的腐殖质，对土壤至关重要，因为它使土壤变的更疏松Unit 42.The ease with which water san pass through a soil depends on the proportions in it of coarse and fine particles such as sand and clay.水分渗入土壤的容易度依靠土壤粗细比例，例如砂土和粘土10.Another advantage is that a well-drained soil will have enough air for aerobic bacteria to break down humus and so provide food for the plant.另一个优点是排水很好的土壤会有足够的空气，为好氧的细菌去分解腐殖质，然后为作物提供营养12.Ditches can be cut at certain intervals between the crops.在作物之间沟渠被切割成特定的间隔16.Porous drainage tiles may be laid in or on the land and these will help draw off the surplus water. 多孔排水管平放入地下或地面下，这样会有助于放掉多余水分17.The distance between the drains will depends on the level of the land, the permeability of the soil, and the amount of rainfall.排水间的距离取决于土地的平坦程度，土壤渗透性和雨量的多少22.We should distinguish between the collection of water and its application我们应辨别水的集合和它的利用之间加以区别.23.There are two main sources of irrigation water: surface water and ground water.有两种主要的灌溉水资源：地表水和地下水31.By this we mean the amount of water which is needed to bring the soil to full capacity.意思是需要的水的量是能使土壤达到充分的?的数量32.It also depends on the type of crop, the stage of growth of the crop and the amount which it will use at that particular time.它也取决于作物的类型，作物生育时期和它在特殊时期的使用量34.Most plants require larger quantities of water during the later stages than in the earlier stages.大部分作物在后期比前期需要更大量的水Unit 58.Finally, it makes up for the plant nutrients which have been removed by crops or lost by leaching and soil erosion.最终，它弥补了作物吸收，淋溶土壤侵蚀所流失的营养14.So, they maybe grouped as nitrogenous fertilizers, phosphatic fertilizers, potassic fertilizers and so on.因此，它们被分为氮肥，磷肥，钾肥等15.The most commonly used fertilizer which contains nitrogen is ammonium sulphate, which is made from ammonia and sulphuric acid, and which contains 21% nitrogen使用最普遍的肥料是含氮的，主要有硫酸铵等，它由氨和硫酸组成，其中含氮量百分二十一.16.This element encourages rapid vegetative growth and gives plants a healthy green colour.这个要素促进作物快速生长并给作物一个健康的绿色19.Phosphorous stimulates the formation of a plant's root, and promotes fruit and seed production.磷刺激根系形成，促进结果和种子产量21.finally, wherever high crop yields are expected, potash is used together with nitrogen and phosphorous.最终，无论在哪高产量都是被期望的，通过k与n,p混合使用23.This help plant to withstand mechanical damage such as broken branches and torn leaves.k有助于作物抵抗机械伤害，例如残枝败叶27.It is usually supplied in the form of muriate of potash (potassium chloride), which contains 50 to 60% potassium oxide (K2O) and sulphate of potash (potassium sulphate).它总是以k的化合物形式被使用，包括百分五十到60的k2o和k2so432.If a soil is very acid, with a pH value of less than 5.0, lime can be added to correct this acidity.如果土壤极酸性，ph小于5，石灰能够改善土壤的酸性35.Nitrogen, phosphorous and potassium are more easily available in a well-limed soil than in an acid soil.氮磷钾在用石灰处理的土壤中比在酸性的土壤中更容易被利用Unit 61 In crop production the control of weeds, diseases and pests is essential to obtain high yields.杂草和虫害的控制对于获得高产量是有必要的5 Weeds reduce crop yields on account of the fact that they compete with crops for water.杂草使作物产量降低的原因是它与作物竞争水分，营养，光照7 Most weeds are aggressive and invasive, they grow quickly and spread far, and so are difficult to get rid of.大多数杂草是有竞争性和侵害性的，它们生长迅速，传播的远，因此很难摆脱8 One recommended way of eradicating many persistent weeds is first to plough up the roots and underground parts of the plant.一种值得推荐的根除多年生杂草的方法是首先？根系和作物地下部分11 Weeds may also be killed by means of chemicals which have the collective name of herbicides.杂草也可以被称为除草剂的化学药剂杀死17 They must be used extremely carefully for the simple reason that they will eradicate all plants on contact-which includes the crop itself.它们在使用的时候必须相当小心，原因很简单就是它们会根除所有与之接触的植物包括作物本身18 They are usually used before sowing or before the emergence of the crop itself.它们总是被用于播种前或作物出土前23 Micro-organisms are reproduced and spread by minute bodies such as spores, fungi and bacteria.微生物通过芽孢，真菌，细菌等微小物体进行繁殖和扩散25 It is very difficult to kill the fungi and bacteria, or to make the virus which is inside the host plant inactive消灭真菌和细菌或是使寄生在寄主中不活跃的病毒不传播病毒是非常困难的.26 But the evolution of plant varieties which can resist disease has completely changed methods of disease control但是能够抵抗病害的作物种类的进化，已经完全改变了病害控制的方法36 One way is to use chemicals that easily change into a gas or vapour, which enter the soil and kill the harmful organisms. 一种方法是使用容易变成气体或烟雾状的化学药剂这样就能进入土壤消灭有害生物体。