新版医学专业英语-新版.pdf
医学专业英语第一章节学习笔记
医学专业英语（阅读一分钟reading I）<人卫出版>第一章节学习笔记目录：1.section A翻译2.章节构词汇总chapter1:Human Body as a WholeSection A:原文翻译：医学术语学1 引言一本中等医学词典中一共有多少医学单词？这个答案围绕在100，000左右，这也仅仅是保守计算而来。
此外，比如一些在先进领域中的术语，它的数量拓展的如此频繁和快速以至于不能背诵。
然而，这里有一些工具能帮助学习并且记忆医学术语，甚至能帮助你对不熟悉的单词进行有根据的推测。
此外，它们的数量被限制在400到500左右（最常用到的），但是随着结合派生之后它们的数量是巨大的。
因此，学习如何使用这些工具远比尝试记住所有的医学术语来的更加高效和有意义。
大多数医学术语是基于古希腊和拉丁文字，它们在许多地区保持一致和统一。
你将要学习并使用的工具，就是这些古希腊和拉丁部分的单词，它们有些被称作词根、前缀、后缀、、连接元音和构词成分。
词根是单词的基础，所有的医学单词中都含有至少一个或多个。
前缀是单词的开始。
并不是所有的医学单词有含有前缀，但是前缀对词汇的意义有着重要的作用。
后缀是单词的结束，并且所有的医学单词有含有一个后缀。
连接元音是连接词根和后缀或词根和词根之间的元音。
构词成分是词根与连接元音的结合体。
举例，分析此单词：Endo crin o logyEndo(前缀within/inner:在……之内)crin(词根secrete：分泌)O (连接元音)logy(后缀study of ：有关……的研究) crin+o=crino（构词成分）因此通过分析单词的组成（endocrino)内分泌学的意义被锁定为：关于人类腺体内分泌的学术研究。
（激素；荷尔蒙hoemones）2构词成分，前缀和后缀学习下列构词成分，前缀后缀并且在规定的空格内写下医学词汇的含义。
(1)Adren/o adrenal gland 肾上腺Adren al:-al Petraining to (有关于……的）adj.肾上腺的adrenal glandandren aline：(a) -lin/line，substance（物质）n「生化」肾上腺素 a hormone secreted from the adrenal glandadren alitis: (a)-itis, inflammation(炎症）n. 肾上腺炎inflammation of the adrenal glandmedic al：pertaining to medicine adj. 医学的；药的biologic al：pertaining to biology adj. 生物学的chemic al：pertaining to chemistry adj. 化学的(3) -ar pertaining to 有关于；……的vascul ar：vascul/o，blood vessel adj.血管pertaining to blood vesselscellul ar：adj.细胞的pertaining to cellsmolecul ar: adj.分子的pertaining to melocules(4) bi/o life 生物，生命bio medical：adj.生物医学的pertaining to the medicine of the living thingbio logy: -logy, study of n.生物学the study of living thingcardi ology：n「内科」心脏病学the study of heartcardi o pathy: -pathy,disease n. 心脏病the disease of the heartcardi o gram: -gram, record n.心电图the record of the heart waves【课堂补充：CPR—ccardiopulumonary resuscitation】(6) chrom/o color 色chromat/ochrom o somes:-somes, bodies n. 染色体(副数) the color body, the substance that carries genetic fatures from parents to children（把遗传性质遗传给孩子的物质）chromat in：-in，substance n.染色质 a protein substance in the nucleus of a cell, component of chromosomes 一种细胞核中的蛋白质物质，染色体中的组件chromat o plasm：-plasm，jelly substance (果冻物质)in cell n.染色质the coloredendo crino logy：n.内分泌学the study of human inner secretion from glandscrino genic: gen/o,+ -ic pertaining to production adj.促分泌的pertaining to the production of hormonecrino logy: n.分泌学the study of gland secretion(8) -cyte cell 细胞erythr o cyte：eryth/o，red n.红细胞the red blood cellleuk o cyte: leuk/o,white n.白细胞the white blood celllymph o cyte: lymph/o, lymph(淋巴) n.淋巴细胞the lymph cell(9) cyt/o cell 细胞cyto logy：n.细胞学the study of cellcyto chemistry: n.细胞化学，显微生物学the study of biology of cellembryo logy：n.胚胎学the study of embryoembryo ma: -oma,tumor n.胚瘤the tumor of the embryoembryo pathology:payhology, n.胚胎病理学the study of disease of the embryo (11) endo- inner 内endo crinology: n.内分泌学the study of the hunman inner secretion from glandsendo cardial: adj. 心内膜的，心脏内的pertaining to the inside of the heartendo callular: adj. 细胞内的pretaining to the inside of the cell(12) epi- above 上epi thelial: thelial,inner skin, adj.「生物」上皮的the covering tissue above the skin(覆盖于组织之上)epi derm ic: derm/o ,skin adj.外皮的，表皮的above the skinepi dermat itis：表皮炎inflammation of the skin【课堂补充：epithelium is one of the four basic types of animal tissue, along with connective tissue, muscle tissue nervous tissue(上皮组织与结缔组织、肌肉组织、和神经组织一样，是动erythr o cyte n.红细胞red blood cellsErythr o cyt o meter:-meter,instrument n.红血球计数器instrument 藕粉counting red blood cellerythro gene sis: -sis, state of (……的状态）红细胞发生the state of producing the red blood cell(14) ex- out 外，出ex hale: hale,breathe v. 呼气to breathe out the waste gas(废气)ex pel:pel, dirve v.驱逐，排除to drive somebody or someting outpatho gen：n.病原体sth that produces diseasesoxy gen: oxy-,oxygen n.氧气oxygen producednitro gen：nitro-,nitro group n.「化学」氮niter air produced(16) hemat(hem)/o blood 血hemato logy:n.血液学the study of bloodhemo globin:-globin,protein n.血红蛋白；血红素protein of blood =heamoglobin abbr.Hb，HGBhemo cyte：n.红细胞blood sells(17) hist/o tissue 组织histo logy: n.组织学the study of tissueshisto pathology: n.组织病理学the study of disease of tissuesbasic: adj. 基础的pertaining to the basetoxic: adj. 有毒的，中毒的pertaining to the toxin(毒)immuno logy：n. 免疫学the study of body's auto protection from diseasesimmune: adj.免疫的protected fromimmuno deficiency：n.免疫缺陷deficiendy in the immune system of the body (20) -ine/in substance 素adrenal ine：n.肾上腺素hoemone produced from the adrenal glandinsul in：insulu/o,island n.胰岛素substance that looks like islandur ine: ur/o,the urinary tract(尿路)，n.尿素、尿液substance from the urinary tract (21) -ism process or condition 状态，过程meta bol ism：meta-,change(变换) n.新陈代谢hence the process of change, the total of the chemical process in a cellana bol ism: ana-,up, n.合成代谢hence the process of building up complex materials(protion) from simple materials(材料物质)cata bol ism: cata-,down, n.分解代谢hence the process of breading downcomplexsocio logy: soci/o, society n.社会学the study of societyurino logy: n.泌尿科学the study of urinary systemlympho cyte: n.淋巴细胞lymph cellslympho ma：n.淋巴癌tumor of the lympathatic systemlympho logy: n.淋巴学the study of the lymphatic system(24) physi/o physical 生理的physio logy：n.生理学branch of the biological scireces dealing with the functioning of organisms(生物科学中的一个分支，研究生物体功能)physi cian:-cian,personnel in a certain field n.内科医师a doctor of internal medicinephysio therapy：n.物理疗法trearment by physiological methods(25) -plasm formation，growth orsubstance of formation 浆：质cyto plasm: n.细胞质jelly substance in the cellproto plasm：prot/o,first n.原生质the first jelly substance in the cellneo plasm: neo-,new n.「医」新生物，赘生物the new growth(26) psych/o mind 精神psycho logy: n.心理学the study of mindpsych osis:-osis,abormal condition n.精神病:精神错乱abnormal condition of the mindpsycho biology: n.心理生物学the study of the relationship between psychology and biology(27) -somes bodies 体chromo somes:n.染色体the color body or the subsrance that carries genetic features from parents to childrencentro somes:centr/o, center n.中心体bodies in the centerribo some:rib/o,ribose n.核糖体(NA) the body of nucleic acid(28) thyr/o thyroid gland 甲状腺hyper thyro id ism:hyper-,over\too much n.甲状腺机能亢进a condition of excessive activity of the thyroid glandhypo thyro id ism:hypo under \too little n. 甲状腺机能低下a condition of too little activity of the thyroid glandana tomy：ana-，apart n.解剖；解剖学cuyying apart the human body as a branch of medical sciencesosteo tomy: oste/o,bone n.截骨术，骨切开术surgical incision of bonevascul ar:n. 血管的pertaining to the blood vesselvascul itis: n.血管炎inflammation of the blood vesselvasculo lymphatic: adj. 血管淋巴管的pertaining to the lymphatic system and theblood vessel。
医学专业英语：DISEASE AND TREATMENT
Vital signs (VS) are also recorded for comparison with normal ranges. Vital signs are measurements that reflect basic functions necessary to maintain life and include: • Temperature (T). • Pulse rate, measured in beats per minute (bpm) • Respiration rate (R), measured in breaths per minute.
magnetic磁性的
Treatment
If diagnosis so indicates, treatment, also termed therapy, is begun. This may consist of counseling, drugs,surgery, radiation, physical therapy, occupational therapy, psychiatric treatment, or a combination of these. During diagnosis and throughout the course of treatment, a patient is evaluated to establish a prognosis, that is, a prediction of the outcome of the disease.
DISEASE AND TREATMENT
Diagnosis
Medical diagnosis, the determination of the nature and cause of an illness, begins with a patient history. This includes a history of the present illness with a description of symptoms, a past medical history, and a family and a social history.
医学专业英语
心血管疾病cardiovasculardiseases; 脑垂体的功能thefunctionofpituitary; 泌尿道urinarytract;分子molecule;动脉artery;内分泌学endocrinology;呼吸困难dyspnea;唾液saliva;组织学histology;血液循环bloodcirculation;血液学hematology;生理学解剖学神经细胞免疫学消化不良随意肌胚胎学心理学细胞学原生质细胞膜细胞核细胞质(浆能半渗透的分子生物学碳水化合物有区别性的使…完整根据遗传特性渗滤转换蓝图染色体色素排出废液散开脉冲信号核糖核酸污染环境polluteenvironment;功能失调malfunction;致病因子causativeagents;易受侵害的人群vulnerablegroups; 局部化的感染localizedinfection;花柳病venerealdisease;抗原与抗体antigen&antibody;肌电图electromyogram;多发性硬化multiplesclerosis;心电图electrocardiograph;疾病的后遗症sequeleaofdisease;光纤技术fiberoptictechnology;造血系统hematopoieticsystem; 致命的疾病fataldisease;体液bodyfluid;无副作用的治疗hazard-freetreatment;无侵犯的实验检查non-invasivelaboratorytest; 核磁共振nuclearmagneticresonance;葡萄糖耐糖实验theglucose-tolerancetest;乐观的预后optimisticprognosis;超声波检测法ultrasonography;病史medicalhistory;随访活动follow-upvisit;营养不良nutritionaldeficiency;使细节显着highlightdetail;脑电图electroencephalogram;缺血的组织blood-starvedtissue;发病高峰年龄thepeakageofonset;胸腺肿瘤thymoma;呼吸肌受累theinvolvementofrespiratorymuscle; 感染性肌炎inflammatorymyositic;去神经支配denervation;矿物质吸收mineralabsorption;机械应力mechanicalstress;骨基质有机部分theorganicpartsofbonematrix; 青春期早熟prematurepuberty;蛋白溶解酶protein-digestingenzyme;破骨细胞osteoclast;松质骨spongybone;骨折fracture;不规则骨irregularbone;骨骼系统skeletalsystem;维生素吸收vitaminabsorption;骨钙丧失thelossofcalciumfrombone;生长激素growthhormone;骺软骨epiphysealcartilage;镁缺乏magnesiumdeficiency;成骨细胞osteoblast;密质骨compactbone;骨髓腔marrowcavity;红骨髓redmarrow;软骨内骨化endochondralossification;矫形学orthopedics;闭合性骨折骨代谢疾病肾上腺皮质佝偻病骨肉瘤软骨肉瘤止痛骨髓炎开放性骨折骨质疏松症营养缺乏骨软化症听力丧失恶性肿瘤关节炎抗炎剂痛风gout;牙周组织唾液腺口腔升结肠贲门括约肌乳化作用消化道脾弯曲锥形的突起会厌十二指肠乙状结肠幽门括约肌舌下腺sublingualgland;蠕动peristalsis;下颌下腺submandibulargland;解毒作用detoxification;回盲瓣ileocecalvalve;胰岛素insulin;穿孔perforation;溃疡性结肠炎ulcerativecolitis;纤维变性fibrosis;阑尾炎appendicitis;胃十二指肠吻合术gastroduodenostomy; 直肠镜proctoscope; 裂孔疝hiatalhernia;造影剂contrastmedium;代偿失调decompensation;胆石病choletithiasis;内窥镜检查endoscopy;胆囊切除术cholecystectomy;憩室炎diverticulitis;麻痹性肠梗阻paralyticileus;胆绞痛biliarycolic;一个系列的aspectrumof;副鼻窦paranasalsinus;口咽oropharynx;脊椎动物verterbrateanimal;肺泡alveolus;交叉重复crossover;互相排除的mutuallyexclusive;小气道闭塞obliterationofsmallairway; 主动脉弓aorticarch;胸主动脉thoracicaorta;舒张压diastolicpressure;腹主动脉abdominalaorta;收缩压systolicpressure;脊柱vertebralcolum;毫米汞柱mmHg;半月形的semilunar;最里层的innermost;升主动脉ascendingaorta;二尖瓣bicuspidvalve;体循环systemiccircuit;上腔静脉superiorvenacava下腔静脉inferiorvenacava; 心肌myocardium;心内膜endocadium;细分;分支subdivision;心外膜epicardium;小动脉arteriole;心包pericardium;全血细胞减少pancytopenia;网织红细胞reticulocyte;自身免疫的autoimmune;危及生命的life-threatening;凝结血小板减少免疫缺陷功能紊乱活疫苗血友病素质巨成红细胞自发病,肉瘤20diverticul/osisdiverticul/o>diverticulum憩室病21ile/o/stomyile/o>ileum回肠造口术22chol/e/cyst/ectomychol/e>bile;cyst/o>sac胆囊切除术23abdomin/alabdomin/o>abdomen腹部的24pneumon/iapneumon/o>lung肺炎25thorac/icthorac/o>pleuralcavity,chestcavity胸腔的26duoden/umdeoden/o>duodenum十二指肠27laryng/o/pharynxlarygn/o>larynxpharyng/o>pharynx咽喉28vertebr/atevertebr/o>backbone脊椎动物29oste/o/myel/itisoste/o>bone;myel/o>bonemarrow骨髓炎30pancreat/icpancreat/o>pancreas胰腺炎31angi/o/plastyangio>vessels血管成形术32extra/o/cularextra>outside细胞外的33tendon/ousten>tendon肌腱的34mamm/o/graphymamm>breast乳房X线检查术35electr/o/my/o/gramelectr>electricity,my>muscle肌电图36erythr/o/cyteeryth>red红细胞37hem/o/globinglobin>protein血红蛋白38prot/o/plasmprot>first原生质39urin/aryary>pertainingto泌尿道的40neur/o/pathyneur>nerve神经疾病41lymph/aticlymph>lymph淋巴的42my/o/fibermy>muscle肌纤维43pelv/icpelv>pelvicbone盆骨心电胸腺肌神经源因患），然而叙述有双肩、手及膝盖关节痛。
(完整版)医学专业英语
cardiovascular diseases;脑垂体的功能the function of pituitary;泌尿道urinary tract;分子molecule;动脉artery;内分泌学endocrinology;呼吸困难dyspnea;唾液saliva;组织学histology;血液循环blood circulation;血液学hematology;生理学physiology;解剖学anatomy;女性生殖系统femal reproductive system;神经细胞nerve cell;免疫学immunology;消化不良dyspepsia;随意肌voluntary muscle;胚胎学embryology;心理学psychology;细胞学cytology;原生质protoplasm;细胞膜cell membrane;细胞核nucleus;细胞质(浆)cytoplasm;脱氧核糖核酸deoxyribonucleic acid;能半渗透的semipermeable;分子生物学molecular biology;碳水化合物carbohydrate;有区别性的differentially;使…完整intact;根据according to;遗传特性hereditary trait;渗滤diffusion;转换transaction;蓝图blueprint;染色体chromosome;色素pigment;排出废液excrete waste fluid;散开disperse;脉冲信号impulse;核糖核酸ribonucleic acid;损害正常功能impair the normal function;污染环境pollute environment;功能失调malfunction;致病因子causative agents;易受侵害的人群vulnerable groups;局部化的感染localized infection;花柳病venereal disease;抗原与抗体antigen&antibody;肌电图electromyogram;多发性硬化multiple sclerosis;心电图electrocardiograph;疾病的后遗症sequelea of disease;光纤技术fiber optic technology;造血系统hematopoietic system;致命的疾病fatal disease;体液body fluid;无副作用的治疗hazard-free treatment;无侵犯的实验检查non-invasive laboratory test; 核磁共振nuclear magnetic resonance;葡萄糖耐糖实验the glucose-tolerance test;乐观的预后optimistic prognosis;超声波检测法ultrasonography;病史medical history;随访活动follow-up visit;营养不良nutritional deficiency;使细节显著highlight detail;脑电图electroencephalogram;缺血的组织blood-starved tissue;肌纤维muscle fiber;随意肌voluntary muscle;消化道alimentary canal;肌腹fleshy belly of muscle;横纹肌striated muscle;肌肉痉挛cramps of muscle;肌肉收缩muscle contraction;肌肉附着点attachment of the muscle;肌肉放松relaxation of muscle;动脉出血arterial hemorrhage;止端insertion;起端origion;供血blood supply; 屈肌flexor;蛋白分子protein molecule;纤维结缔组织fibrous connective tissue;伸肌extensor;意志力willpower;横切面transverse section;起搏器pacemaker;肌萎缩muscle atrophy;重症肌无力myasthenia gravis;弥散性局部缺血diffuse ischemia;常染色体隐性autosomal recessive;全身性感染systemic infection;受累的肌肉muscle involved;显著相关性significant correlation;神经末梢nerve terminal;自体免疫反应autoimmune reaction;神经支配innervation;肌营养不良muscular dystrophy;慢性营养不良chronic mulnutrition;先天性肌病congenital myopathy;预期寿命life expectancy;免疫紊乱immunologic derangemant;发病高峰年龄the peak age of onset;胸腺肿瘤thymoma;呼吸肌受累the involvement of respiratory muscle; 感染性肌炎inflammatory myositic;去神经支配denervation;矿物质吸收mineral absorption;机械应力mechanical stress;骨基质有机部分the organic parts of bone matrix; 青春期早熟premature puberty;蛋白溶解酶protein-digesting enzyme;破骨细胞osteoclast;松质骨spongy bone;骨折fracture;不规则骨irregular bone;骨骼系统skeletal system;维生素吸收vitamin absorption;骨钙丧失the loss of calcium from bone;生长激素growth hormone;骺软骨epiphyseal cartilage;镁缺乏magnesium deficiency;成骨细胞osteoblast;密质骨compact bone;骨髓腔marrow cavity;红骨髓red marrow;软骨内骨化endochondral ossification;矫形学orthopedics;闭合性骨折closed fracture;骨代谢疾病metabolic bone disease;雌激素替代疗法estrogen replacement therapy; 肾上腺皮质adrenal cortex;佝偻病rickets;骨肉瘤osteosarcoma;软骨肉瘤chondrosarcoma;止痛relieve pain;类风湿关节炎rheumatoid arthritis;骨髓炎osteomyelitis;开放性骨折open fracture;骨质疏松症osteoporosis;营养缺乏nutritional deficiency;骨软化症osteomalocia;听力丧失hearing lose;恶性肿瘤malignant tumor;关节炎arthritis;抗炎剂anti-inflammatory drugs;痛风gout;牙周组织periodontium;唾液腺salivary glands;口腔oral cavity;升结肠ascending colon;贲门括约肌cardiac sphincter;乳化作用emulsification;消化道alimentary tract;脾弯曲splenic flexure;锥形的突起cone-shaped papillae;似袋状的器官pouch-like organ;会厌epiglottis;十二指肠duodenum;乙状结肠sigmoid colon;幽门括约肌pyloric sphincter;舌下腺sublingual gland;蠕动peristalsis;下颌下腺submandibular gland;解毒作用detoxification;回盲瓣ileocecal valve;胰岛素insulin;穿孔perforation;溃疡性结肠炎ulcerative colitis;纤维变性fibrosis;阑尾炎appendicitis;胃十二指肠吻合术gastroduodenostomy;直肠镜proctoscope;裂孔疝hiatal hernia;造影剂contrast medium;代偿失调decompensation;胆石病choletithiasis;内窥镜检查endoscopy;胆囊切除术cholecystectomy;憩室炎diverticulitis;麻痹性肠梗阻paralytic ileus; 胆绞痛biliary colic;一个系列的 a spectrum of;副鼻窦paranasal sinus;口咽oropharynx;脊椎动物verterbrate animal;肺泡alveolus;二氧化碳carbon dioxide;肺换气不足hypoventilation;横膈膜神经phrenic nerve;双重折叠的double folded;威慑物deterrent;润滑液lubricating fluid;滞痰stagnant sputum;食管esophagus;纵隔mediastinum;哺乳动物mammal;碱中毒alkalosis;迷宫labyrinth;污染物质pollutant;脑干brainstem;上皮,上皮细胞epithelium;刺激物irritant;利尿剂duretics;大叶性肺炎lobar pneumonia;疾病的鉴别differentiation of disease;破坏性的损坏destructive damage;痰性咳嗽productive cough;共存coexist;医学文献medical literatures;咯血nemoptysis;渗出物,渗出液exudate;痰液phlegm;气促,气短breathless;无症状的asymptomatic;吸烟者晨咳morning cigarette cough;肺弹性回缩elastic recoil;反复发作recurrent episodes;有毒刺激物质nonxious agents;连续三年successive 3 years;交叉重复crossover;互相排除的mutually exclusive;小气道闭塞obliteration of small airway;主动脉弓aortic arch;胸主动脉thoracic aorta;舒张压diastolic pressure;腹主动脉abdominal aorta;收缩压systolic pressure;脊柱vertebral colum;毫米汞柱mmHg;半月形的semilunar;最里层的innermost;升主动脉ascending aorta;二尖瓣bicuspid valve;体循环systemic circuit;上腔静脉superior vena cava下腔静脉inferior vena cava;心肌myocardium;心内膜endocadium;细分;分支subdivision;心外膜epicardium;小动脉arteriole;心包pericardium;全血细胞减少pancytopenia;网织红细胞reticulocyte;自身免疫的autoimmune;危及生命的life-threatening;凝结cougulation;血小板减少thrombocytopenia;免疫缺陷immunodeficiency;功能紊乱dysfunction;活疫苗live vaccine;移植物对宿主的反应graft-versus-host reaction;血友病hemophilia;素质diathesis;巨成红细胞megaloblast;自发病,特发病idiopathic;弥散性血管内凝血disseminated intravascular coagulation;instrinsic;appendic/o>appendix阑尾炎2bil/i/rubin bil/i>bile胆红素3chondr/o/sarc/oma chrondr/o >cartilage ; sarc/o >flesh 软骨肉瘤4chol/sterol chol/e > bile, gall胆固醇5bucc/al bucc/o > bucca口腔的；颊的6crani/al crani/o > skull颅的，颅侧的7colon/o/scope colon/o > colon结肠镜8sigmoid/o/scope sigmoid/o > sigmoid colon乙状结肠镜9inter/cost/al cost/o > rib肋间的10dent/in dent/o > teeth牙质11epi/gastr/ic gastr/o > stomach胃上部的，腹上部的12enter/itis enter/o > small intestine肠炎13arthr/itis arthr/i > joint关节炎14bronch/o/genic bronch/o > bronchus支气管原的15cec/um cec/o > cecum盲肠16sub/lingu/al lingu/o > tongue舌下的17gingiv/itis gingiv/o > gum牙龈炎18nas/o/gastr/ic gas/o > nose gastr/o > stomach鼻饲的19hypo/pharyng/eal pharyng/o > pharynx下咽的20diverticul/osis diverticul/o > diverticulum憩室病21ile/o/stomy ile/o > ileum回肠造口术22chol/e/cyst/ectomy chol/e > bile; cyst/o > sac胆囊切除术23abdomin/al abdomin/o > abdomen腹部的24pneumon/ia pneumon/o > lung肺炎25thorac/ic thorac/o > pleural cavity ,chestcavity 胸腔的26duoden/um deoden/o > duodenum十二指肠27laryng/o/pharynx larygn/o > larynx pharyng/o >pharynx 咽喉28vertebr/ate vertebr/o > back bone脊椎动物29oste/o/myel/itis oste/o > bone;myel/o > bonemarrow 骨髓炎30pancreat/ic pancreat/o>pancreas胰腺炎31angi/o/plasty angio>vessels血管成形术32extra/o/cular extra>outside细胞外的33tendon/ous ten>tendon肌腱的34mamm/o/graphy mamm>breast乳房X线检查术35electr/o/my/o/gram electr>electricity,my>muscle肌电图36erythr/o/cyte eryth>red红细胞37hem/o/globin globin>protein血红蛋白38prot/o/plasm prot>first原生质39urin/ary ary>pertaining to泌尿道的40neur/o/pathy neur>nerve神经疾病41lymph/atic lymph>lymph淋巴的42my/o/fiber my>muscle肌纤维43pelv/ic pelv>pelvic bone盆骨44hepat/itis itis>inflammation肝炎45fibr/ous fibr>fiber纤维的46embry/o/logy embry>embryo胚胎学47leuk/emia emia>blood condition白血病48electr/o/cardi/o/graph graph>instrument ofrecording 心电图仪49dermat/o/my/o/sitis dermat>skin皮肤炎50thym/ectomy ectomy>surgical exasion orremoval of 胸腺切除术51cyt/o/plasm cyt>cell细胞浆52isch/emia isch> to hold back局部缺血53steth/o/scope stech> the chest 听诊器54pulmon/ary pulmon>lung 肺的55sarc/o/plasm plasm>formation growth or substance of formation 肌浆56chrom/o/some some>body 染色体57vascul/ar vascul>blood vessel5岁小男孩。
医学专业英语的重点单词终结版 (1)
医学专业英语的重点单词终结版Human BodyAnatomy(解剖学) 2.embryology(胚胎学) 3.histology(组织学) 4.hematology(血液学) 5.immunology(免疫学) 6.biology(生物学) 7.cytology(细胞学) 8.physiology(生理学) 9.endocrinology（内分泌学）10.psychology(心理学) 11.skeletal system(骨骼系统)muscular system (肌肉系统) 13.circulatory system (循环系统) 14.respiratory system(呼吸系统) 15.urinary system (泌尿系统) 16. endocrine system(内分泌系统) 17.reproductive system (生殖系统) 18.principle (重要的) 19.joint(关节) 20.cartilage(软骨) 21.bone morrow（骨髓）22.cube-shaped(立方的) 23.interior（内部的）24.external (外部的) 25.hinge joint(结合点) 26.pivot joint (区轴点) 27.socket (臼槽) 28.skull (颅骨) 29.elbow (肘部) 30.breast（胸部）31.hip joints (髂关节) 32.cushioning（缓冲）33.Striated muscles（条纹肌）34.smooth muscles（平滑肌）35.voluntary muscles(随意肌) 36.function (功能) 37.nourishmet（营养）nutrient（营养素）39.blood vessel（血管）40.cardiovascular system (心血管系统) 41.artery（动脉）42.capillary（毛细血管） 43.vein （静脉）44..lymphatic system（淋巴系统）45.lymph vessel (淋巴管) 46.lymph nodes(淋巴结) 47.spleen （脾）48.expel（排除）49.carbon dioxide(二氧化碳) 50.oxygen （氧气）rynx，throat（喉管）52.windpipe、trachea(气管) 53.esophagus(食管) 54.exhale（呼出）55.molecule（分子）56.saliva(唾液) 57.enzyme（酶）58.kidney（肾）59.urine（尿液）60.ureter（输尿管）61.urethra（尿道）uterus（子宫）62.bile(胆汁) 63.gallbladder (胆囊)64.sodium（钠）65.potassium(钾) 66.bladder（膀胱）67.pancreas（胰腺）68.hormone（激素）69..pituitary(脑垂体) 70.thyroid(甲状腺) 71.adrenal gland (肾上腺) 72..cortisone(可的松) 73.adrenaline(肾上腺素) 74.insulin（胰岛素）75.glucagon(胰高血糖素) 76.collar bone（锁骨）77.spinal column(脊柱) 78.spinal cord （脊髓） 79.sperm(精子) 80.ovum （卵子）81.testis，testes(睾丸) 82.ovary（卵巢）83.testosterone (睾酮) 84.progesterone（孕酮）85.estrogen（雌激素）86.tactile（触觉的）87.accessory (附属的) 88.pharynx(咽)The Digestive System1.gastrointestinal tract (胃肠道)2.ingestion(摄入)3.absorption（吸收）4.digestive(消化) 5elimination(排泄) 6.oral cavity buccal cavity （口腔）7.palate(腭) 8.chewing(mastication) （咀嚼）9.swallowing(deglutition) （吞咽）10.incisor（切牙）11.cuspid （尖牙） canine（犬牙）12.molas(磨牙) 13..cementum(牙骨质) 14..gums(牙龈) 15..gingivae(牙龈) 16.pulp (牙髓) 17.enamel(牙釉质) 18.periodontium(牙周组织) 19.deciduous dentiton(乳牙) 20.permanent dentition (恒牙) 21.lower jaw bone（下颌骨）22.papillae(乳头) 23.taste buds（味蕾）24.uvula（悬雍垂) 25..parotid gland(腮腺) 26.submandibular gland(下颌下腺)27sublingual gland (舌下腺) 28. epiglottis(会咽) 29.nasal cavity(鼻腔) 30..peristalsis(蠕动) fundus(胃底) 32.antrum（胃窦）33.cardiac sphincter(贲门括约肌) 34.pyloric sphincter(幽门括约肌) 35.Chyme(食糜) 36.duodenum(十二指肠) 37.jejunum(空肠）38.ileum（回肠）cecum(盲肠) 40.rectum（直肠）41.colon(结肠) 42.sigmoid colon (乙状结肠) 43ileocecal valve (回盲瓣) 44.ascending colon (升结肠) 45.transverse colon (横结肠) 46.descending colon (降结肠) 47.appendix(阑尾) 48..stool和feces（粪便）49.anus（肛门）50. Hydrochloric acid (盐酸) 51.abdomen(腹部) 52.cholesterol（胆固醇）53.bile pigments(胆色素) 54.bilirubin(胆红素) 55.blood proteins(血红蛋白) 56.erythrocyte（红细胞）57.glycogen(糖原)58.cilia、villi（绒毛）59.amylase(淀粉酶)60.lipase(脂肪酶) 61.hepatic duct(肝管) 62.cystic duct(胆囊管) mon bile duct（胆总管）64.detoxification（解毒）65.emulsification (乳化作用)bild acid (胆酸).SystemThe Disorders of the Digestive Systemgingivitis (牙龈炎) 2.peptic ulcer （消化性溃疡）3. Vomiting（呕吐）4.perforation(穿孔) 5.barium(钡) 6.hiatal(裂孔的)7.hermia(疝) endoscopy(内窥镜检查)9.hemorrhage(出血)10.histamine(组胺)chest cavity（胸腔）12.diaphragm（膈）13.gastritis（胃炎）hepatitis（肝炎）15.cirmosis(肝硬化)16.hepatomegaly(肝肿大)edema(浮肿)18.aundice(黄疸)19.architecture(组织)20.nodule(结节) 21.micronodular(小结节)22.macronodular(巨结节)23.lobular(小叶的) 24.cholelithiasis(胆结石)25.cholecystitis(胆囊炎)26.biliary colic（胆绞痛）27.nausea(恶心)28..cholecystectomy(胆囊切除术) paroscope(腹腔镜)30.pancreatitis(胰腺炎)31.paralytic ileus(麻痹性肠梗阻)32.autodigestion(自体消化)33.necrosis(坏死) 34.epigastric(腹上部的)35.appendicitis(阑尾炎)36.navel（脐）37.peritonitis(腹腔炎)38.ulcerative colitis(溃烂性结肠炎) 39.antibiotic(抗生素)40.fistula(瘘)41.diverticulum（憩室）42.diverticulitis(憩室炎)43.diverticulosis(憩室病)44.polyps（息肉）45.diarrhea(腹泻)46.occult blood(隐血)47.proctoscope(直肠镜) 48.sigmoidoscope(乙状结肠镜)49.colonoscope(结肠镜)50.ileostomy(回肠造口术)51.colostomy（结肠造口术）52.gastroduodenostomy(胃十二指肠吻合术) 53.coloproctostomy（结肠直肠吻合术）Respiratory Systempulmonary veins（肺静脉）2.irritant(刺激物) 3.f3.frontal s inus（额窦）4.ethmoidal s inus（刷窦）5.Sphenoid sinus（蝶窦）6.maxillary sinus 4.e（上颌窦）7.paranasal s inus(副鼻窦)8.nasal cavity（鼻腔）9.nostril(鼻孔)10.nasopharynx（鼻咽）11.oropharynx（口咽）12.hypopharynx（下咽）ryngopharynx（喉咽）14.adenoids（腺体肿大）15.hypopharyngeal（下咽癌）16.pharyngeal tonsils（咽扁桃体）17.palatine tonsils（腭扁桃体）18.tongue tonsil（舌扁桃体）19.vocal cords（声带）20.mucous membrane(分泌粘液的膜)21.fibrous connective tissue（纤维结缔组织）22.bronchi（支气管）23.Bronchiole（细支气管）24.alveoli，alveolus（肺泡）25.epithelium（上皮）26.parietal pleura（壁层胸膜）27.visceral pleura（脏层胸膜）28.28.horizontal fissure（水平裂）29.oblique32.Collarbone（锁骨）fissure（斜裂）30.apex（肺尖）31.hilum（肺门）32.33.diaphragm（横膈)mediastinum（纵隔）34.thoracic cavity （胸腔）35.abdominal cavity（腹腔）36.inhalation、inspiration（吸气）37.exhalation，expiration（呼气）38.brainstem(脑干)39.phrenic37nerve（膈神经）40.acid(酸)41.acidity（酸度）42.acidosis(酸中毒) 43.alkalinity（碱度）44.alkali(碱)45.alkalosis（碱中毒）46.hyperventilation（换气过度）47.hypoventilation（换气不足）48..macrophages（巨噬细胞）49.mucus（粘液）Respiratory Disorders and DiseasesPneumonia(肺炎) 2.Tuberculosis(结核) 3.Asthma (哮喘) 4. Allergic(过敏的) 5.Emphysema(肺气肿) 6.influenza(流行性感冒) 7.pneumonitis(肺炎) 8.lobar pneumonia(大叶性肺炎) 9.bronchopneumonia(支气管肺炎)10.Pleurisy(胸膜炎) 11.tubercle(结核结节) 12.hemoptysis(咯血)13.phlegm(痰) 14.exudates(渗出物) 15.solidification(固化)16.consolidation(实变) 17.dyspnea(呼吸困难)`18.cyanosis(紫绀)19.wheeze(喘息) 20.Steroids(类固醇) 21.allergen(过敏原) 22.polio(脊髓灰质炎,小儿麻痹症 ) 23.paralyz(瘫痪) 24.mature(成熟的)25.prematurely(过早地, 早熟地 ) 26.digitalis(洋地黄)27.diuretics(利尿剂)28.atrium(心房) 29. Acute pulmonary edema（急性肺水肿）30.Pneumothorax(气胸) 31.Pneumoconiosis(尘肺)32.Silicosis(矽肺) 33.anthracosilicosis(碳矽末沉着症) 34.Bronchitis(支气管炎) 35.Bronchiectasis（支气管扩张）36.Bronchospasm（支气管痉挛）37.Hypercapnia（高碳酸血症）38.simple chronic bronchitis(单纯性慢性支气管炎).39. Chronic obstructive bronchitis (慢性梗阻性支气管炎) 40.Asthma tic bronchitis(哮喘性支气管炎) 41.noxious（有害的，有毒的）Common disorders of the cardiovascularatherosclerosis(动脉粥样硬化) 2.lumen（内腔）3.ischema（局部缺血）coronary heart disease(冠心病) 5.angina pectoris（心绞痛）6.clot（血凝块）7.thrombosis(血栓形成) 8.thrombos(血栓) 9.myocardial infarction(心肌梗死) 10.arhythmia(心律不齐) 11.fibrillation(纤维性颤动) 12.embolism(栓塞) 13.embolus(栓子) 14.stroke（中风）15.subcutaneous(皮下的) 16.syncope(晕厥) 17.glomerulenephritis(肾小球肾炎) 18.pyelonephritis(肾盂肾炎) 19.rheumatic heart disease(风湿性心脏病) 20.valvular mumur(瓣膜杂音) 21.systolic pressure(收缩压) 22.diastolic pressure（舒张压）23.congestive heart failure （充血性心力衰竭）24.vegetation (赘生物)25.essential hypertension （原发性高血压）secondary hypertension （继发性高血压）27.endocarditis(心内膜炎）pericamdial tamponade(心包填塞) 29.pericarditis(心包炎) 30.hemorrhage （出血） 31.shock（休克） 32.plasma（血浆）33.dextran (右旋糖酐) 34.vomitus（呕吐物）35.spematic cord (精索) 36.ligement(韧带) 37.uterus（子宫）38.piles,hemorrhoid(痔疮) 39.varix,varices（静脉曲张）40.phlebitis（静脉炎）41.etiology(病因学) 42.dextran(右旋糖酐) Human diseasepathology (病理学) 2. pathogen（病原体）3.Fungi（真菌）复数为fungus bacteria（细菌）复数为bacterium 5.virus(病毒)复数为viruses 6.diagnose（诊断）7.Paralysis（瘫痪, 麻痹）8.symptom（症状）9.sign（体征）10.symptomatic（有症状的）11. Asymptomatic（无症状的）acute disease （急性病）13.chronic disease（慢性病）14.subacutedisease （亚急性病）15.fatal（致命的）16.rheumatic fever（风湿热) Subarachnoid（蛛网膜下的）18.epidemic disease（传染病）19.endemic disease（地方病）20.airborne droplets（空气传播的）21.Apnea（呼吸暂停）22.atonia（张力缺乏）23.degeneration（退化）24.Stomatitis（口腔炎）25.Prolapse（直肠、子宫等脱垂，脱出）26.malfunctions（功能失调）27.obesity（肥胖）28.malnutrition（营养不良的）29.hereditary（遗传）30.mental retardation（智力发育迟缓的）31.venereal diseases（花柳病）32.hepatitis（肝炎）33. Colitis（结肠炎）34.cholera（霍乱）35.typhoid fever（伤寒）36.boils（疥）37.pimples（小脓包) 38.pus（脓）39. abscess（脓肿）40.armpit（腋窝）41.blood poisoning/sepsis（败血症）42.phagocytes （吞噬细胞）43.antigens（抗原）44.antibodies（抗体）45.immunoglobulins（免疫球蛋白）46.opsonization（调理作用）plement（补体）48.negative feedback control（负反馈调节）Blood and immunityhemocyte(血细胞) 2.erythrocyte(红细胞) 3.leukocyte(白细胞) 4.platelets(血小板) 5.thrombocytes(血小板) 6.clotting cells(血小板) plasma(血浆) 8.fibrinogen(纤维蛋白原) 9.fibrin(纤维蛋白) 10.albumin (白蛋白) 11.globulin(球蛋白) 12.prothrombin(纤维蛋白原) 13.globin(珠蛋白) 14.hemoglobin（血红球蛋白）15.pigment（色素）16.heme（亚铁血红素）17.electrolyte(电解质) 18.clotting factors(凝血因子) 19.nucleus (核)复数为nuclei 20.erythropoietin(促红细胞生成素) 21.granulocytes(粒细胞) 22.eosinophil(嗜酸性粒细胞)23.basophil(嗜碱性粒细胞)24.neutrophil(嗜中性粒细胞) 25.agranulocytes(无颗粒细胞) monocyte(单核细胞) 27.lymphocyte(淋巴细胞) 28.polymorphonuclear(多形核白细胞) 29. detoxity(解毒作用) 30.heparin（肝素）31.phagocytic (吞噬细胞的) 32.macrophages(巨噬细胞) 33.phagocyte(吞噬细胞) 34.phagocytosis(吞噬作用) 35.megakaryocyte(巨核细胞) 36.hemostasis(止血)37.immunoglobulin(免疫球蛋白) 38.thymus gland(胸腺) 39.lymphoid organs(淋巴器官)debries(残片) 41. 2cytotoxic（细胞毒性）42.interferons(干扰素)interleukins(白细胞介素) 44.anema(贫血) 45.fatigue（乏力）heart palpitation(心悸) 47.pallor(面色苍白)48.irritation（烦躁不安）aplastic anema(再生障碍性贫血）50.pzncytopema(全细胞减少)hemolytic anema (溶血性贫血) 52.spherocytosis(球形红细胞增多症)juandice(黄疸) 54.pernicious(恶性贫血) 55.megaloblast(巨成红细胞)56.sickle cell anema (镰刀细胞型贫血) 57.arthralgias(关节痛)extremities(四肢) 59.ulceration(溃疡) 60.thalassemia(地中海贫血)thrombocytopenia(血小板减少症)62.petechiae(瘀点) 63.ecchymosis(瘀斑) 64.purpura(紫癜) 65.hemophilia(血友病) 66.intramuscular(肌肉下的) 67.autoimmune disease（自身免疫性疾病）hematurla(血尿) 69.hemarthrosis(关节内出血)70.leukemia(白血病) neoplasms(肿瘤) 72.acute myelogenous leukemia(急粒) 73.acute lymphocutic leukemia (急淋) 74. chronic myelogenous leukemia（慢粒）75.chronic lymphocutic leukemia（慢淋）76.multiple myeloma（骨髓瘤）77.palsma cells (浆细胞) 78.osteolyticlesions(溶骨性的) myeloblast(成髓细胞，原粒细胞) 80.lymphoblast(成淋巴细胞) hypercalcemia(高钙血症) 82.itching(痒) 83.rash（皮疹）84.sneezing(喷嚏) 85.urticaria（荨麻疹）86.asthma（哮喘）87.immunodeficiency(免疫缺陷) 88.dysgammaglobuinema(异常y球蛋白血症) 89.extrinsic(外缘的)90.intrinsic（内源性的）91.lymphadenopathy (淋巴结病)Endocrine Systemendocrine(内分泌) 2.dwarf（矮小症）3.hormone（激素）4.gland（腺体）glandular（腺体的）6.reproduction（生殖）7.metabolism（代谢）8.nutrien（营养素）9.target tissue（靶组织）10.receptor（受体）11.hormonal（激素的）steroid（类固醇）10.lipid（脂质）11.protein（蛋白）12.proteinlike compound(类似蛋白质的化合物) 13.gonad（性腺）14.cortex（皮质，皮层）15.adrenal gland（肾上腺）16.kidney（肾脏）17. renin（肾素）18.calcium（钙）19.phosphorus(磷)20.pituitary（脑垂体）21.thyroid（甲状腺）22.parathyroid（甲状旁腺）pancreas（胰）24.pineal（松果体）25. sphenoid（蝶骨）26.anterior lobe （前叶）27.adenohypophysis（腺垂体）28.posterior lobe（后叶）29. neurohypophysis（神经垂体）30.hypothalamus（下丘脑）31.mammary（乳房的）32.antidiuretic（抗利尿的）33. oxytocin（催产素）34.uterine（子宫的）35. isthmus（峡）36.thyroxine（T4）37.triiodothyronine（T3）38.calcitonin（降钙素）39.homeostasis（内稳态）40.medullar（髓的）41.corticosteroid（皮质类固醇）42.glucocorticoid（糖皮质激素）43.cortisol（可的松）44.mineralocorticoid（盐皮质激素）45.aldosterone（醛固酮）46.epinephrine（肾上腺素47.norepinephrine，noradenaline（去甲肾上腺素）48.abdomen（腹部）49.exocrine（外分泌的）50.islets of Langerhans（胰岛）51.ovarian（卵巢的）52.estradiol（雌二醇）53.progesterone（孕酮）54.pregnancy（怀孕）55.malatonin（褪黑素）56.puberty（青春期）57.circadian rhythms（昼夜节律）58. Parathyroid hormone（PTH）59. calcitonin（降血钙素）60.cushing's syndrome（库欣综合症）61.primary aldosteronism(原发性醛固酮增多症)62.pheochromocytoma（嗜铬细胞瘤）63.gigantism（巨人症）64.acromegaly（肢端肥大症）65.diabetes insipidus（尿崩症）66.hyperthyroidism（甲状腺功能亢进症）67.Graves'disease hyperparathyroidism（甲状旁腺功能亢进）69.hypoparathyroidism（甲状旁腺功能低下）70.hyperglycemia（高血糖）71.Addison's disease72.diabetes mellitus（糖尿病）73.glucose（葡萄糖）74.ketoacidosis（酮酸中毒）75.endemic goiter(地方性甲状腺肿大)76.nodular goiter（结节性甲状腺肿大）77.myxedema（粘液性水肿）78.bruit（杂音）79.ptosis（上睑下垂）The Nervous Systemneuron(神经元) 2.neurology(神经病学) 3.acetylcholine（乙酰胆碱）4.effent(传出神经) 5.afferent(传入神经)6.parasympathetic(副交感神经) 7.sympathetic（交感神经）8.ganglion(神经节)9.plexus(神经丛)10.dendrite(树突)11.electrical charge(电信号)12.axon(轴突) 13.myelin(髓鞘)14.neurilemma(神经鞘) 15.synapse（突触）16.white matter（白质）17.gray matter(灰质) 18.neurptransmitter(神经递质)19.neuroglia（神经胶质）20.astrocyte（星型胶质细胞）21.gliomas（神经胶质瘤）22.microglial(小神经胶质细胞)23.oligodendroglia（少突胶质细胞）24.cerebrum(大脑)25.convolution，gyrus(脑回)26.peripheral nervous system(周围神经系统)27.autonomic nervous system(自主神经系统) 28.visceral nervous system（内脏神经系统）29.groove(沟)30.lissure（裂）31.sulcus(沟)32.thalamus(丘脑)hypothalamus(下丘脑)34.diencephalon(间脑)35.pons(脑桥)36.cerebellum(小脑)37.brain stem(脑干)38.medulla oblongata(延髓) 39.meninx（脑膜）40.cauda epuina (马尾)41.dura(硬脑膜)42.mater（脑脊髓膜）43.arachnoid(脑蛛网膜)44.pia mater(软脑脊膜)45.lumbar puncture(腰椎穿刺术)Development & Geneticszygote(合子)2.Oviduct(输卵管)3.endometrium(子宫内膜)4.embryo(胚胎) chorionic sac(绒毛囊)6.chorion（绒毛膜）7.gonadotropin（促性腺激素）corpus luteum(黄体)9.placenta（胎盘）10. amniotic sac（羊膜囊）amniorrhea（破水）12.trimester（三个月，三月期）13.parturition（分娩）14.dystocia （难产）15.caesarian birth（剖宫产）16.oxytocin（催产素）17.prostaglandin （前列腺素）18. m eiosis（减数分裂，成熟分裂）m itosis （有丝分裂）20.triplet（三胞胎）21.quadruplet(四胞胎)dissimilar（不同的）23.abort（流产）24.vagina(阴道)25.cervix（子宫颈）26.fallopian tubes(输卵管）27.fertilization(受孕，受精)28.pregnancy tests(妊娠试验）29.fetus（胎儿)30.umbilical cord（脐带)31.amnion(羊膜囊)32.menstrual(月经）33.birth canal(产道)34.gravida（孕次）35.primigravida（初孕妇）36.para（产次）37.inheritable（可遗传的）Offspring（后代）40.dominant（显性）41.recessive（隐性）42.cell division（细胞分裂）43.rearrangement（重排）44.fragment（碎片）45.dissimilar（不同）46.identical（相同）Disorders of Pregnancy & Genetic Diseasepreeclampsia/eclampsia(先兆子痫) 2.toxemia(毒血症)3.proteinuria(蛋白尿)4.ectopic(异位的)5.salpingitis(输卵管炎)6.endometiosis(子宫内膜异位症)paroscopic(腹腔镜检查的)8.miscarriage(自然流产)9.incompetence(无能力)10.induced abortion (人工流产)11.suction(抽吸) 12.birth defect(先天缺陷)13.teratogen(致胎儿畸形药)14.malformation(畸形；变形)15.rubella/german measles(风疹)16.measles(麻疹)17. herpes simplex(单纯疱疹)18.syphilis(梅毒)19.atresia(闭锁畸形)20.anencephalus(无脑畸形)21.spina bifida(脊柱裂)22.cleft lip(唇裂) 23.cleft palate(腭裂)24.diabetes mellitus(糖尿病)amniocentesis(羊膜穿刺术)26.karyotype(染色体组型)27.chorionicvillus(绒膜绒毛)28.transmit(传递)29.mendelian fashion(孟德尔遗传定律) immunogenetics(免疫遗传学)31.incur(招致)32.mutagen(诱变剂，诱变因素) 33.mutagenic(诱变的)34.carcinogen(致癌物)35.albinism(白化病)36.pigmentation(色素沉着)37.homozygote(纯合子)38.progeny(后裔，后代) schizophrenia(精神分裂症)40.counselor(咨询者；顾问)41.mutant(突变型；变异的)42.prenatal(出生前的)43.lethal(致命的)44.euphenics(优型学)45.euphenic(优型学的)。
医学检验技术专业英语
医学检验技术专业英语Medical Laboratory TechnologyAbstractMedical laboratory technology plays a vital role in the diagnosis and treatment of diseases. It involves various laboratory tests and techniques that aid in detecting, analyzing, and interpreting the results of patient samples. This article provides an overview of the field of medical laboratory technology, highlighting its importance, major techniques, and advancements.IntroductionMedical laboratory technology is the branch of healthcare that focuses on performing laboratory tests on clinical samples such as blood, urine, tissue, and other bodily fluids. These tests help physicians in diagnosing and monitoring diseases, as well as evaluating the effectiveness of treatments. Medical laboratory technologists, also known as medical laboratory scientists, analyze and interpret the results to aid in patient care.MethodsThe laboratory tests conducted in medical laboratory technology include biochemical analysis, hematological analysis, microbiological analysis, immunological analysis, and molecular diagnostics. Each of these methods provides essential information to assist in disease diagnosis and management.Biochemical analysis involves determining the levels of various substances, such as enzymes, hormones, and electrolytes, in the blood and other body fluids. This test aids in detecting metabolic disorders, hormonal imbalances, and organ dysfunctions.Hematological analysis examines components of blood such as red blood cells, white blood cells, hemoglobin, and platelets. It helps in diagnosing anemia, infections, and blood clotting disorders. Microbiological analysis focuses on identifying and characterizing microorganisms, including bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites. This assists in diagnosing infectious diseases and choosing appropriate antimicrobial therapies.Immunological analysis involves studying the body's immune response by detecting antibodies and antigens. This aids in diagnosing autoimmune diseases, allergies, and certain cancers.Molecular diagnostics is a rapidly evolving field that detects genetic and molecular changes associated with diseases. It plays a crucial role in diagnosing genetic disorders, infectious diseases, and certain types of cancers.AdvancementsMedical laboratory technology has witnessed several advancements in recent times. Automation and computerization have improved the efficiency and accuracy of laboratory testing. This has led to faster turnaround times, reduced human errors, and increased productivity.Furthermore, the development of sophisticated diagnostic instruments and techniques has revolutionized medical laboratory technology. High-performance liquid chromatography, polymerase chain reaction, mass spectrometry, and next-generation sequencing are examples of such advancements. These technologies provide highly sensitive and specific results, allowing for precise diagnostic and prognostic evaluations.ConclusionMedical laboratory technology is an indispensable part of modern healthcare. It enables the accurate and timely diagnosis of diseases, guiding appropriate treatments and monitoring patient progress. With ongoing advancements, medical laboratory technology continues to evolve, contributing to improved patient care and overall healthcare outcomes.。
口腔医学专业英语
第一章口腔颌面部发育鼻凹nasal pit鼻板nasal placode鼻腭管naso-palatal canal鼻鳍nasal fin侧腭突lateral palatal process，也称继发腭（second palate），腭突（palatine shelf）第一鳃弓软骨Meckel's cartilage额鼻突frontonasal process腭裂cleft palate分叉舌 bifid tongue，也称舌裂（cleft tongue，split tongue）颌裂cleft jaw继发腭secondary palate颊咽膜orapharyngeal membrane甲状舌管thyroglossal duct界沟sulcus terminalis颈窦cervical sinus口凹oral pit口咽膜orapharyngeal membrane拉特克囊Rathke's pouch，也称神经颊囊（craniobuccal pouch），颅颊囊（craniopharyngeal pouch）联合merge联合突copula面裂facial cleft模式发育patterning奇结节tuberculum impar前腭突median palatine process前脑单脑室畸形Holoprosencephaly切牙管 incisive canal球状突globular process融合fuse鳃弓branchial arch鳃沟branchial groove上颌突maxillary process舌盲孔foramen cecum神经嵴neural crest神经节原基ganglionic placode施万细胞 Schwann细胞为神经鞘膜细胞外间充质 ectomesenchyme 也称外胚间叶，系来自于神经嵴外胚层的结缔组织的总称维甲酸综合征retinoic acid syndrome（RAS），妊娠早期服用过量13-顺-维甲酸引起的发育异常下颌软骨Meckel's cartilage嗅板olfactory placode嗅窝nasal pit咽囊 pharyngeal pouch也称鳃囊原发腭 primary palate原口stomadeum中鼻突medial nasal process主动脉的conotruncal第二章牙的发育氨基葡萄糖glycosaminoglycans成牙本质细胞odontoblast成釉蛋白 ameloblastin成釉器enamel organ成釉细胞ameloblast分泌型成牙本质细胞secretoryodontoblast赫特威上皮根鞘Hertwing epithelialroot sheath基质小泡matrix vesicle颈环cervical loop静止型成牙本质细胞restingodontoblast蕾状期bud stage连接复合体junctional complex马拉瑟上皮剩余Malassez epithelialrest帽状期cap stage萌出eruption非胶原蛋白 non-collagenous proteinNSPs内釉上皮层inner enamal epithelium前成牙本质细胞preodontoblast前期牙本质predentin缩余釉上皮reduced dentalepithelium托姆斯突Tomes processe脱落 shedding 交替外釉上皮层outer enamal epithelium星网状层stellate reticulum牙板dental lamina牙囊dental sac牙乳头dental papilla引导管gubernacular canal釉丛蛋白tuftelin釉结enamel knot釉龛enamel niche釉索enamel cord釉质形成amelogenesis原发性上皮带primary epithelialband罩牙本质mantle dentin中间层stratum intermedium终棒terminal web钟状期bell stage第三章牙体组织玻璃粘连蛋白vitronectin，细胞外粘附蛋白，副纤维粘连蛋白成纤维细胞fibroblast成牙本质细胞odontoblast成牙本质细胞突起odontoblasticprocess，也称"Tomes' fiber"成牙本质细胞突周间隙periodontoblastic space成釉蛋白ameloblastin穿通纤维perforating fiber蛋白酶proteinases第三期牙本质tertiary dentin多细胞层cell-rich zone乏细胞层cell-free zone, the zone of Weil，Weil层反应性牙本质reaction dentin反转线reversal line非釉原蛋白non-amelogenins缝隙连接gap junction骨钙素osteocalcin骨连接素osteonectin骨桥蛋白osteopontin骨样牙本质osteodentin固有牙髓pulp proper管间牙本质intratubular dentin管周牙本质peritubular dentin核心蛋白聚糖decorin横纹cross striations基质金属蛋白酶20 matrix metalloproteinases 20，MMP20继发性牙本质secondary dentin，牙发育完成之后形成的牙本质腱蛋白tenascin绞釉gnarled enamel紧密连接tight junction科尔夫纤维Korff's fiber, 最先形成的牙本质纤维类牙骨质cementoid流体动力学说hydrodynamic theory磨损abrasion, attrition纳米球nanospheres耐龋潜能cariostatic potential脑啡肽enkephalin诺伊曼鞘Neumann sheath欧文线Owen line（加重的牙本质生长线），也称"contour line of Owen"前期牙本质predentin桥粒desmosome球间牙本质interglobular dentin芮氏线lines of Retzius，釉质生长线沙比纤维Sharpey's fiber，穿通纤维神经壁层parietal layer of nerves，Raschkow 丛神经传导学说direct innervationtheory生长激素抑制素somatostatin生长线incremental lines，同芮氏线施雷格线Schreger line树突状细胞dendritic cells双糖链蛋白聚糖biglycan丝氨酸蛋白酶serine proteinases（kallikrein-4）死区dead tract髓核pulp core髓周牙本质circumpulpal dentin糖胺聚糖glycosaminoglycans透明层hyaline layer透明牙本质sclerotic dentin透明牙本质transparent dentin托姆斯颗粒层Tomes' granular layer托姆斯突凹Tomes processes pit，TPP微孔micropore未分化间充质细胞undifferentiatedmesenchymal cell无细胞固有纤维牙骨质acellularintrinsic fiber cementum, AIFC无细胞外源性纤维牙骨质acellularextrinsic fiber cementum, AEFC无细胞无纤维牙骨质acellularafibrillar cementum, AAC无细胞牙骨质acellular cementum无釉柱牙釉质rodless enamel细胞牙骨质cellular cementum纤维粘连蛋白fibronectin限制板lamina limitans楔状缺损wedge shaped defect新生线neonatal line修复性牙本质reparative dentin牙本质dentin牙本质磷蛋白dentin phosphophoryn；dentin phosphoproteins，DPP牙本质生长线von Ebner 1ine牙本质涎蛋白dentin sialoprotein，DSP牙本质涎磷蛋白dentinsialophosphoproteins牙本质小管dentinal tubule牙本质牙骨质界dentino-cementaljunction牙骨质cementum牙骨质生长因子cementum growthfactor牙骨质粘附蛋白cementum adhesionprotein牙面平行线perikymata，也称釉面横纹牙髓dental pulp牙髓牙本质复合体pulpo-dentinalcomplex牙釉质enamel牙釉质溶解蛋白enamelysin牙釉质牙本质界enamel-dentinaljunction（EDJ）牙釉质牙骨质界enamelo-cementaljunction油炸圈样appearance of doughnut有细胞固有纤维牙骨质cellularintrinsic fiber cementum, CIFC有细胞混合性分层牙骨质cellularmixed stratified cementum, CMSC釉板enamel lamellae釉丛enamel tufts釉丛蛋白tuftelin釉蛋白enamelin釉帽enamel cap釉面横纹perikymata，也称牙面平行线釉梭enamel spindle釉小皮enamel cuticle釉牙本质界enamel-dentinal junction （EDJ）釉原蛋白amelogenins釉柱enamel rod釉柱鞘enamel rod sheath原发性牙本质primary dentin，牙发育时期形成的牙本质原胶原tropocollagen灶性孔focal hole, FH罩牙本质mantle dentin中间连接intermediate junction中间牙骨质intermediate cementum重塑remodeling转导学说transduction theory组织细胞histiocyte第四章牙周组织不成熟的弹力纤维oxytalan fibers弹力纤维elastin fibers点彩stippling凋亡apoptosis附着龈attached gingiva根尖组apical group根间组interradicular group固有牙槽骨alveolar bone proper环行组circular group结合上皮junctional epithelium束骨bundle bone水平组horizontal group斜行组oblique group牙槽骨alveolar bone牙槽嵴组alveolar crest group牙槽突alveolar process牙槽龈组alveologingival group牙骨膜组dentoperiosteal group牙间乳头interdental papilla牙龈gingiva牙龈结合dentogingival junction牙龈上皮gingval epithelium第六章涎腺半月板demilune胞吐exocytosis杯状细胞goblet cell储备细胞reserve cell锇酸osmic acid分泌单位secretory unit分泌管secretory duct富脯氨酸蛋白proline-rich protein富酪氨酸蛋白tyrosine-rich protein干细胞stem cell高血糖素样蛋白glucogon-likeprotein颌下腺submandibular gland混合性腺泡mixed acinus肌动蛋白actin肌球蛋白myosin肌上皮细胞myoepithelial cell肌微丝myofilament浆液性腺泡serous acinus浆粘液细胞seromucous cell晶样体crystalloid局浆分泌merocrine抗蛋白溶解蛋白antiproteolyticprotein篮细胞basket cell连接复合体junctional complex酶原颗粒zymogen granule排泄管excretory duct粘多糖mucin粘液性腺泡mucous acinus全浆分泌holocrine-type secretion乳铁蛋白lactoferrin闰管intercalated duct腮腺parotid gland腮腺导管Stensen duct腮腺素parotin舌下腺sublingual gland舍格伦综合征Sj?gren syndrome肾素rennin嗜酸粒细胞瘤oncocytoma嗜酸细胞oncocyte嗜酸性腺瘤oxiphilic adenoma唾液saliva唾液腺salivary gland味觉素gustin纹管striated duct涎液素ptyatin腺泡acinus小涎腺minor salivary gland原始多潜能涎腺导管细胞primitivepluripotential salivary duct cells致密小体dense body组氨酸histidine第七章颞下颌关节多细胞带cellularrich zone钙化软骨带zone of calcifiedcartilage关节囊capsule关节盘disc滑膜synovial membrane髁突condyle颞下颌关节temporo-mandibular join，TMJ纤维软骨带fibrocartilaginous zone纤维性关节表面带fibrous articularsurface第八章牙发育异常II型牙本质结构不良dentin dysplasiatype II ，冠部牙本质结构不良I型牙本质结构不良dentin dysplasiatype I白兰地型brandywine isolate，牙本质形成缺陷的一种斑釉mottled enamel半面过度增生hemifacial hyperplasia 成熟不全型hypomatuaration type低磷酸酯酶症hypophosphatasia多生牙hyperdontia; supernumerary teeth非氟性牙釉质浑浊症non-fluoride enamel opacities氟牙症dental fluorosis附加牙supplemental teeth副磨牙paramolar钙化不全型hypocalcified type过早脱落premature loss畸形舌侧尖lingual cusp deformity畸形舌侧窝lingual fossa deformity畸形中央尖central cusp deformity结合牙concrescence巨牙macrodontia壳状牙shell-teeth矿化不全型hypomineralized type牛牙症taurodontism前牙的牙外突dens evaginatus of anterior teeth区域性牙发育不良regional odontodysplasia，阴影牙融合牙fusion乳牙滞留persistence of deciduous teeth桑椹牙mulberry molar少汗外胚层发育不良hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia少牙hypodontia双生牙gemination水流围绕圆石water streaming round bouldings，根部牙本质结构不良的表现四环素牙tetracycline stained teeth锁骨颅骨发育不全征cleidocranialdysplasia；也有称锁骨头颅发育不良胎生牙natal teeth，出生时即已萌出的牙特纳牙Turner's teeth，与乳牙有关的感染或创伤引起继生恒牙成釉细胞的损伤，导致继生恒牙牙釉质形成不全或矿化不全弯曲牙dilacerations无牙adontia先天性梅毒牙congenital syphilis小牙microdontia新生牙noenatal teeth，出生后30天内萌出的牙形成不全型hypoplastic type雪帽型snow-capped牙本质基质蛋白 1 dentin matrixprotein 1, DMP1牙本质结构不良dentin dysplasia牙本质涎蛋白dentin sialoprotein,DSP牙本质形成缺陷症II型dentinogenesis imperfecta type II牙变色discoloration of teeth牙骨质发育不全hypocementosis牙骨质过度增生hypercementosis牙内陷dens invaginatus牙釉质混浊症enamel opacities牙釉质矿化不全hypomineralizedenamel牙釉质形成不全enamel hypoplasia牙釉质形成缺陷症amelogenesisimperfecta牙釉质延伸cervical enamelextension牙中牙dens in dente牙阻生impaction of teeth延迟萌出retarded eruption遗传性乳光牙本质hereditaryopalescent dentin阴影牙ghost teeth，区域性牙发育不良鹰爪尖talon cusp釉珠enamel pearl远中磨牙distomolar早萌premature eruption正中牙mesiodens第九章龋病暗层dark zone变形链球菌mutans streptococci; S.mutans表层surface zone病损体部body of the lesion蛋白溶解－螯合学说proteolysis-chelation theory蛋白溶解学说proteolytic theory发酵乳杆菌L. fermentus放线菌属actinomyces干酪乳杆菌L. casei根龋root caries化学寄生学说chemico-parasitictheory化学细菌学说chemico-bacterialtheory坏死崩解层zone of destruction获得性薄膜acquired pellicle，唾液薄膜急性龋acute caries静止性龋arrested caries菌斑bacterial plaque慢性龋chronic caries猛性龋rampant caries内氏放线菌 A. naeslundii平滑面龋smooth surface caries轻链球菌S. mitis龋病dental caries乳杆菌属Lactobacilli三联因素学说three primary factors theory嗜酸乳杆菌L. acidophilus酸原学说acidogenic theory透明层translucent zone ，硬化层脱矿层zone of demineralization唾液薄膜salivary pellicle，获得性薄膜窝沟龋pit and fissure caries细菌侵入层zone of bacterialinvasion血链球菌S. sanguis牙本质龋dentin caries牙骨质龋cementum caries牙釉质龋enamel caries远缘链球菌S. sobrinus粘性放线菌 A. viscosus第十章牙髓病白三烯leukotrienes，LTs白细胞介素interleukin不可逆性牙髓炎irreversiblepulpitis残髓炎residual pulpitis成牙本质细胞层空泡变性vacuolar degeneration of the odontoblastic layer 急性化脓性牙髓炎acute supurative pulpitis急性浆液性牙髓炎acute serous pulpitis急性牙髓炎acute pulpitis可复性牙髓炎reversible pulpitis慢性闭锁性牙髓炎chronic closed pulpitis慢性溃疡型牙髓炎chronic ulcerative pulpitis慢性牙髓炎chronic pulpitis慢性增生性牙髓炎chronichyperplastic pulpitis逆行性牙髓炎retrograde pulpitis前列腺素prostaglandins，PGs特发性吸收idiopathic resorption牙内吸收internal tooth resorption牙髓变性pulp degeneration牙髓充血pulp hyperemia牙髓钙化pulp calcification牙髓坏疽pulp gangrene牙髓坏死pulp necrosis牙髓渐进性坏死necrobiosis牙髓网状萎缩reticular atrophy ofthe pulp牙髓纤维性变pulp fibrosis牙髓炎pulpitis牙体吸收tooth resorption牙外吸收external tooth resorption转化生长因子transfer growthfactor,TGF第十一章根尖周炎蜂窝织炎cellulitis根尖肉芽肿periapical granuloma根尖周炎periapical periodontitis急性根尖周炎acute periapicalperiodontitis急性牙槽脓肿acute alveolar abscess磷脂壁酸lipoteichoic acids慢性根尖脓肿chronic periapicalabscess慢性根尖周炎chronic periapicalperiodontitis慢性牙槽脓肿chonic alveolarabscess肽葡聚糖peplidoglyans致密性骨炎condensing osteoitis肿瘤坏死因子tumor necrosis factor，TNF第十二章牙周组织病白细胞介素interleuk ins,IL白血病性龈增大gingival enlargementassociated with leukemia伴白血病性龈炎gingivitis withleukemia伴有牙髓病变的牙周炎periodontitisassociated with endodontic lesions边缘性龈炎marginal gingivitis变性degeneration病损确立期established lesion剥脱性龈病损desquamative lesion ofgingival创伤trauma创伤性咬合traumatic occlusion蛋白酶proteinases发育性或获得性异常及其状况developmental or acquired deformitiesand conditions反应全身疾病的牙周炎periodontitisas a manifestation of systemic diseases放线共生放线杆菌Actinobacillusactinomycetem comitans，Aa非菌斑性牙龈病损non-plaque-induced gingival lesions非炎症性noninflammatory奋森龈炎Vincent gingivitis福赛类杆菌Bcteroides forsythus，Bf共聚coaggregation骨内袋intrabony pocket骨上袋supragingival pocket护骨因子osteoprotegerin,OPG坏死性牙周病necrotizingperiodontal diseases基质金属蛋白酶matrixmetalloprotinases，MMP激素性龈炎steroidhormone-influenced gingivitis急性坏死性溃疡性龈炎acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis急性坏死性龈炎acute necrotizing gingivitis继发性咬合创伤secondary occlusal trauma家族性龈纤维瘤病congenitalfamilial fibromatosis浆细胞龈炎plasma cell gingivitis胶原酶collagenase金属蛋白酶metalloproteinases进展期advanced lesion聚集aggregation菌毛fimbriae老年性萎缩senile atrophy硫酸软骨素酶chondrosulphatase慢性牙周炎chronic periodontitis慢性龈炎chronic gingivitis密螺旋体属Treponema破骨细胞分化因子osteoclast differentation factor,ODF前列腺素E2 prostglandinE2，PGE2 侵袭性牙周炎aggressiveperiodontitis青春期龈炎pubertal gingivitis人类白细胞抗原human leucocyte antigen,HLA妊娠期龈炎pregnancy gingivitis始发期initial stage嗜麦芽糖密螺旋体T. maltophilum梭螺菌龈炎fusospirochetalgingivitis特发性浆细胞龈口炎idiopathic plasma-cell gingivostomatitis特发性龈增生idiopathic gingival hyperplasia透明质酸酶hyaluronidase唾液粘蛋白mucin维生素C缺乏性龈炎vitamin Cdeficeint gingivitis萎缩atrophy细胞因子cytokine细胞粘附分子cellular adhesion molecules，CAM细菌性生物膜dental pla que biofilm先天性家族性纤维瘤病congenitalfamilial fibromatosis牙槽骨弥漫性萎缩diffuse atrophy ofalveolar bone牙菌斑性牙龈病dentalplaque-induced gingival disease牙龈病gingival diseases牙龈卟啉单胞菌Porphyromonasgingivalis，牙龈二氧化碳嗜纤维菌Cap nogingivalis牙龈乳头炎papillary gingivitis牙龈退缩gingival recession牙周变性periodontal degeneration牙周病periodontal disease牙周脓肿abcesses of theperiodontium牙周炎periodontitis牙周症periodontosis炎症inflammation咬合创伤occlusal trauma药物性龈炎medication-influencedgingivitis遗传性牙龈纤维瘤病hereditarygingival fibromatosis遗传性龈增生hereditary gingivalhyperplasia龈袋gingival pocket龈沟液gingival crevicularfluid,GCF龈裂gingival cleft; Stillman'Scleft龈增生gingival hyperplasia营养不良dystrophy营养不良性dystrophic早老性萎缩presenile atrophy早期病变early lesion粘附adhesion粘性放线菌Actinomyces viscosus，Av战壕口炎trench mouth脂多糖lipopolysaccharedes，LPS中间密螺旋体中性多形核白细胞polymorphonuclearleukocytes,PMN肿瘤neoplasia肿瘤坏死因子-αtumor necrosisfactor-α，TNF-α组织金属蛋白酶的抑制剂tissueinhibitors of metalloproteinase，TIMP第十三章口腔粘膜病艾滋病AIDS白斑leukoplakia白塞综合征Behcet syndrome白色海绵状斑痣white sponge nevus白色念珠状菌candida albicans白色水肿leukoedema白皱折病white folded disease斑macule扁平苔藓lichen planus,LP程序化细胞死亡programmed celldeath大疱bulla单纯性疱疹herpes simplex地图舌geographic tongue淀粉样变性amyloidosis多形渗出性红斑erythema multiforme exsudativum非典型性atypia非霍奇金淋巴瘤non-Hodgkin lymphoma 复发性阿弗他口炎recurrent aphthous stomatitis,RAS复发性阿弗他溃疡recurrent aphthous ulcer，RAU复发性坏死性粘膜腺周围炎periadenitis mucosa necroticarecurrens，PMNR过度不全角化hyperparakeratosis过度角化hyperkeratosis过度正角化hyperorthokeratosis海绵形成spongiosis红斑erythroplakia红色增殖性病变erythroplasticlesion获得性免疫缺陷综合征acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, AIDS ，艾滋病基底细胞空泡性变及液化vaculationand liquefaction of hasal cell棘层松解acantholysis棘层增生acanthosis痂crusts假膜pseudomembrane，伪膜间杂型红斑interspersederythroplakia胶样小体colloid body，Civatte小体角化不良dyskeratosis结节病sarcoidosis均质型红斑homogenous erythroplakia皲裂rhagade抗核抗体antinuclear antibody，ANA 颗粒型红斑granular erythroplakia口腔 Kaposi肉瘤oral Kaposi sarcoma 口腔非霍其金淋巴瘤oral non-Hodgkin lymphoma口腔毛状白斑oral hairyleukoplakia，OHL口腔念珠菌病oral candidiasis口腔粘膜下纤维化oral submucousfibrosis溃疡ulcer类天疱疮样扁平苔藓lichen PlanusPemphigoides,LPP良性游走性舌炎benign migratoryglossitis良性粘膜类天疱疮benign mucousmembrane pemphigoid硫黄素T thioflavine T慢性盘状红斑狼疮chronic discoidlupus erythematosus梅一罗综合征Melkersson-Rosenthalsyndrome糜烂erosion念珠菌病candidiasis疱vesicle疱疹性口炎herpetic stomatitis气球变性ballooning degeneration桥粒芯胶粘蛋白desmocollins桥粒芯糖蛋白desmogleins丘疹papule区域剥脱性舌炎glossitis areataexfoliativa人免疫缺陷病毒humanimmunodeficiency virus，HIV肉芽肿性唇炎cheilitisgranulomatosa上皮萎缩epithelial atrophy上皮异常增生epithelial dysplasia舌乳头炎lingual papillitis嗜碱性变性basophilic degeneration噬黑色素细胞melanophages天疱疮pemphigus天疱疮细胞Tzanck cell网状变性reticular degeneration韦格内肉芽肿Wegener granulomatosis萎缩atrophy细胞凋亡cell apoptosis腺性唇炎cheilitis glandularis肖曼小体Schauann bodies，多核巨细胞内的包涵体眼、口、生殖器三联综合征oculo-oral-genital syndrome增殖性红斑erythroplasia粘膜良性淋巴组织增生病benignlymphoadenosis of mucosa周缘扩展现象Nikolsky征第十四章颌骨疾病板层骨lamellar bone表皮树突状细胞dermal dendrocyte伯基特淋巴瘤Burkitt's lymphoma不确定细胞indeterminate cell成软骨细胞瘤chondroblastoma虫蚀状moth-eaten appearance出血性骨囊肿hemorrhagic bone cyst穿凿性吸收tunneling resorption ordissecting resorption穿凿样punched-out appearance单纯性骨囊肿simple bone cyst单骨性骨纤维异常增殖症monostoticbibrous dysplasia 也称单骨性骨纤维结构不良单核基质细胞mononucleate stromalcell单核巨噬细胞系统mononuclearphagocyte system动脉瘤性骨囊肿aneurysmal bone cyst多发性骨髓瘤multiple myeloma多发性软骨瘤病multiplechondromatosis多骨性骨纤维异常增殖症polyostotic fibrous dysplasia 也称多骨性骨纤维结构不良恶性成骨细胞瘤malignant osteoblastoma腭隆突torus palatinus放射性骨坏死osteoradionecrosis非钙化骨样组织unmineralizedosteoid富巨细胞性病变giant cell richlesion钙化骨mineralized bone孤立性骨囊肿solitary bone cyst骨化性骨膜炎periostitis ossificans骨化性纤维瘤ossifying fibroma骨巨细胞瘤giant cell tumor of bone，GCT骨壳involucrum骨瘤osteoma骨膜骨肉瘤periosteal osteosarcoma骨膜下骨吸收subperiosteal bone resorption骨旁骨肉瘤paraosteal osteosarcoma骨肉瘤osteosarcoma骨软骨瘤osteochondroma骨软骨性外生骨疣osteocartilaginous exostosis骨髓瘤myeloma骨外骨肉瘤extraosseous osteosarcoma骨外型软骨肉瘤extraosseous chondrosarcoma骨纤维结构不良fibrous dysplasia of bone 也称骨纤维异常增殖症骨小梁周围纤维化peritrabecularfibrosis骨样骨瘤osteoid osteoma海绵型骨瘤cancellous osteoma汉-许-克病Hand-Schiiller-Christian disease颌骨放线菌病actinomycosis of jaws颌骨骨髓炎osteomyelitis of jaws颌骨结核tuberculosis of jaws颌骨巨细胞病变giant cell granuloma颌骨梅毒syphilis of jaws弧立性骨髓瘤solitary myeloma化牙骨质纤维瘤cementifying fibroma急性化脓性颌骨骨髓炎acutesuppurative osteomyelitis of jaws继发软骨secondary cartilage继发性甲状旁腺功能亢进secondaryhyperparathyroidism家族性颌骨多囊性病familialmulitilocular cystic disease of jaws家族性颌骨纤维异常增殖症familialfibrous dysplasia of the jaws家族性巨颌症cherubism甲状旁腺功能亢进Hyperparathyroidism假囊肿pseudocyst间叶型软骨肉瘤mesenchymalchondrosarcoma浆细胞瘤plasmacytoma结核性颌骨骨髓炎tuberculousosteomyelitis of jaws静止性骨腔static bone cavity巨大型骨样骨瘤giant osteoidosteoma巨细胞肉芽肿giant cell lesions ofthe jaws巨细胞修复性肉芽肿giant cellreparative granuloma郎格汉斯细胞病Langerhans celldisease，同郎格汉斯细胞组织细胞增生症（Langerhans cell histiocytosis）郎格汉斯细胞组织细胞增生症Langerhans cell histiocytosis，同郎格汉斯细胞病（Langerhans cell disease）朗汉斯巨细胞Langhans giant cell勒-雪病Letterer-Siwe disease良性成骨细胞瘤benign oseoblastoma淋巴结的交错突细胞interdigitatingdendritic cell硫磺颗粒sulfur granule滤泡树枝状细胞follicular dendriticcell慢性非化脓性硬化性骨炎Garré'schronic nonsuppurative sclerosingostitis Garre慢性骨髓炎伴增生性骨膜炎chronicosteomyelitis with proliferativeperiostitis慢性化脓性颌骨骨髓炎chronicsuppurative osteomyelitis of jaws慢性局灶性硬化性颌骨骨髓炎chronicfocal sclerosing osteomyelitis of jaws慢性弥漫性硬化性颌骨骨髓炎chronicdiffuse sclerosing osteomyelitis ofjaws慢性硬化性颌骨骨髓炎chronicsclerosing osteomyelitis of jaws磨砂玻璃样groundglass appearance内生型软骨瘤enchondroma破骨细胞瘤osteoclastoma侵袭性成骨细胞瘤aggressiveosteoblastoma侵袭性骨化性纤维瘤aggressiveossifying fibroma青少年骨化性纤维瘤juvenileossifying fibroma日光放射状(影像) sun-ray肉芽肿性炎症granulomatousinflammation软骨瘤chondroma软骨颅chondrocranium软骨肉瘤chondrosarcoma软骨粘液样纤维瘤chondromyxoid fobroma上皮样细胞epithelioid cell嗜酸性肉芽肿eosinophilic granuloma 树突状细胞系统dendritic cellsystem死骨sequestrum髓外浆细胞瘤extramedullary plasmacyfoma髓外性尤文肉瘤extramedullarg Ewing sarcoma图顿巨细胞Touton giant cell外伤性骨囊肿traumatic bone cyst外生骨疣exostosis下颌隆突torus mandibularis纤维-骨病变fibro-osseous lesion新生儿上颌骨骨髓炎neonatal maxillitis牙骨质骨化性纤维瘤cemento-ossifying fibroma洋葱皮onion-skin硬骨板lamina dura原发性甲状旁腺功能亢进primary hyperparathyroidism致密型骨瘤compact osteoma致密性骨炎condensing ostitis中心型central type周围型peripheral type周围型软骨瘤peripreral chondroma 周围性巨细胞肉芽肿peripheral giant cell granuloma转化亢进high-turnover state棕色瘤brown tumor组织细胞增生症X histiocytosisX第十五章颞下颌关节病（染色体）三体trisomy垂直裂vertical cleft错颌malocclusion骨剥露denudation骨关节病osteoarthrosis骨关节炎osteoarthritis,OA骨赘性唇状突出osteophytic lipping滑膜软骨瘤病synovialosteochondromatosis髁突增生condylar hyperplasia类风湿肉芽肿rheumatoid granuloma类风湿性关节炎rheumatoidarthritis，RA类风湿性小结rheumatoid nodule颞下颌关节紊乱病temporomandibularjoint disorders切线裂tangential cleft绒毛状突起villous projection色素性绒毛结节性滑膜炎pigmentedvillonosdular synovitis退行性关节病degeneratitive jointdisease纤维素样变fibrinoid change象牙化eburnation （骨质）血管翳pannus蚓状小体vermiform bodies游离小体loose body原纤维化fibrillation第十六章涎腺非肿瘤性疾病与涎腺肿瘤PAS periodic acid schiff的缩写，PAS反应即过碘酸雪夫反应，用于对糖原的特殊染色癌胚抗原carcinoembryonic antigen，CEA癌在多形性腺瘤中carcinoma expleomorphic adenoma; carcinoma inpleomorphic adenoma艾滋病病毒相关性涎腺疾病HIV-associated salivary gland disease暗细胞dark cells奥辛兰Alcian blue半多能双储备细胞理论semipluripotential bicellular reservecell theory伴淋巴间质的未分化癌undifferentiated carcinoma withlymphoid stroma变性型涎腺肿大症degenerativesialosis波形丝蛋白vimnentin成涎细胞瘤 sialoblastoma大细胞癌 large cell carcinoma导管发育异常developmentalanomalies of ducts导管内乳头状瘤intraductalpapilloma导管乳头状瘤ductal papilloma导管腺泡单位ductoacinar unit淀粉酶amylase顶浆分泌apocrine多动脉周围炎polyarteritis多发性肌炎polymyositis多囊腮腺polycystic parotid gland多能单储备细胞理论pluripotentialunicellular reserve cell theory多细胞理论multicellular theory多形性低度恶性腺癌polymorphouslow-grade adenocarcinoma多形性腺瘤pleomorphic adenoma恶性多形性腺瘤malignantpleomorphic adenoma恶性淋巴上皮病变malignantlymphoepithelial lesion发育性舌侧下颌涎腺陷入evelopmental lingual salivary glanddepression放射线损伤radiant impair非皮脂淋巴腺瘤 non-sebaceous lymphadenoma非特异性透明细胞癌 clear cell carcinoma, not otherwise specified非特异性腺癌adenocarcinoma not otherwise specified，NOS分泌组份secretory component副涎腺accessory salivary gland干燥综合征sicca syndrome管状腺瘤canalicular adenoma; tubular adenoma过氧化物酶抗过氧化物酶peroxidase anti-proxidase, PAP汗腺瘤syringoma合胞体syncytium坏死性涎腺化生necrotizing sialometaplasia混合瘤mixed tumor获得性免疫缺陷综合征acquired immune deficiency syndrome AIDS霍奇金淋巴瘤 Hodgkin lymphoma肌上皮瘤myoepithelioma基底储备细胞理论basal reserve cell theory基底鳞状的旋涡状basisquamous whorling基底细胞腺瘤basal cell adenoma急性化脓性腮腺炎 acute pyogenic paratitis急性涎腺炎acute sialadenitis挤压假象crush artifact甲状腺球蛋白thyroglobulin浆液细胞腺癌serous cell carcinoma 结外边缘带B细胞淋巴瘤 extranodal marginal zone B-cell lymphoma静止骨腔static bony cavity巨细胞包涵体病cytomegalicinclusion disease口腔干燥症xerostomia链亲和素过氧化物酶streptavidinperoxidase,S-P链亲和素生物素复合物streptavidin-biotin complex SABC良性淋巴上皮病变benignlymphoepithelial lesion亮细胞light cells淋巴上皮癌 lymphoepithelialcarcinoma淋巴上皮囊肿lymphoepithelial cyst鳞状细胞癌squamous cell carcinoma流行性腮腺炎epidemic parotitis;mumps慢性复发性腮腺炎chronic recurrentparotitis慢性涎腺炎chronic sialadenitis慢性硬化性颌下腺炎chronicsclerosing sialadenitis ofsubmandibular gland; Küttner瘤弥漫性大B细胞淋巴瘤 diffuse largeB-cell lymphoma迷走涎腺aberrant salivary glands免疫球蛋白 A immunoglobulin A免疫细胞化学immunocytochemistry免疫组织化学immunohistochemistry囊腺癌 cystadenocarcinoma囊腺瘤 cystadenoma内翻性乳头状瘤inverted ductalpapilloma皮脂淋巴腺癌 sebaceouslymphadenocarcinoma皮脂淋巴腺瘤sebaceous lymphadenoma皮脂腺瘤sebaceous adenoma前淋巴瘤prelymphoma桥本甲状腺炎Hashimoto'sthyroiditis亲和素生物素过氧化物酶复合体avidin biotin-peroxidase complex, ABC人类免疫缺陷病毒hunmanimmunodeficiency HIV溶菌酶lysozyme乳铁蛋白lactoferrin，LF乳头状淋巴囊腺瘤papillarycystadenoma lymphomatosum乳头状囊腺癌papillarycystadenocarcinoma乳头状囊腺瘤papillary cystadenoma乳头状涎腺瘤sialadenomapapilliferum上皮-肌上皮癌epithelio-myoepithelial carcinoma上皮肌上皮岛epi-myoepithelialisland上皮膜抗原epithelial membraneantigen，EMA舍格伦综合征Sj?gren's syndrome施墨试验Schirmer test，检查泪液分泌情况的一种试验嗜酸细胞瘤oncocytoma嗜酸性腺瘤oxyphilic adenoma透明细胞癌clear cell carcinoma透明细胞瘤clear cell tumor未分化癌undifferentiated carcimma细胞角蛋白cytokeratin纤维连接蛋白fibronectin涎石病sialolithiasis涎腺病毒病salivary gland virusdisease涎腺导管癌salivary duct carcinoma涎腺导管结石salivary duct stone涎腺导管囊肿salivary duct cyst涎腺发育不全aplasia of salivarygland涎腺发育异常development anomalies of salivary gland涎腺放线菌病actinomycosis of salivary glands涎腺结核tuberculosis of salivarygland涎腺囊肿salivary gland cyst涎腺退行性肿大degenerative swelling of salivary gland涎腺先天性缺失congenital absenceof salivary gland涎腺炎sialadenitis涎腺异位hetrotopic of saIivarygland涎腺症sialadenosis腺癌adenocarcinoma腺淋巴瘤adenolymphoma; Warthin瘤腺鳞癌adenosquamous carcinoma腺泡细胞癌acinic cell carcinoma腺样囊性癌adenoid cystic carcinoma 小管-腺泡复合体tubelo-acinae-complexs小细胞癌small cell carcinoma小叶状癌lobular carcinoma血管瘤 haemangioma血型物质blood group substances粘液表皮样癌mucoepidermoid carcinoma粘液腺腺瘤样增生adenomatoid hyerplasia of mucous glands植物血凝素受体lectin receptors终末导管癌teminal duct carcinoma转移性多形性腺瘤 Metastasizing pleomorphic adenoma组织多肽抗原tissuce peptide antigen，TPA第十七章口腔颌面部囊肿鼻唇囊肿nasolabial cyst鼻腭管囊肿nasopalatine duct cyst鼻牙槽囊肿nasoalveolar cyst残余囊肿residual cyst成人龈囊肿gingival cyst of adults发育性根侧囊肿lateral periodontalcyst根尖囊肿radicular cyst含牙囊肿dentigerous cyst畸胎样囊肿teratoid cyst即婴儿龈囊肿Bohn结节甲状舌管囊肿thyroglossal tractcyst假性囊肿pseudocyst颈部淋巴上皮囊肿cervicallymphoepithelial cyst口腔淋巴上皮囊肿orallymphoepithelial cyst滤泡囊肿follicular cyst锚纤维anchoring fibrils萌出囊肿eruption cyst皮样囊肿dermoid cyst皮样样囊肿发epidermoid切牙管囊肿incisive canal cyst切牙窝incisive fossa球状上颌囊肿globlo-maxillary cyst鳃裂囊肿branchial cleft cyst上皮斑epithelial plaque舌下囊肿ranula透明小体Rushton body外渗性粘液囊肿mucous extravasationcyst下颌感染性颊囊肿mandibularinfected buccal cyst下颌正中囊肿median mandibular cyst涎腺牙源性囊肿sialo-odontogeniccyst腺牙源性囊肿glandular odontogeniccyst新生儿牙板囊肿dental lamina cyst ofthe newborn牙旁囊肿paradental cyst牙源性产粘液囊肿mucus producingodontogenic cyst牙源性角化囊肿odontogenickeratocyst牙源性囊肿odontogenic cyst炎症性根侧囊肿inflammatorycollateral cyst异位口腔胃肠囊肿heterotopic oralgastrointestinal cyst婴儿龈囊肿 gingival cyst of infants釉突 enamel spur粘液囊肿mucocele痣样基底细胞癌综合征Gorlin 综合征痣样基底细胞癌综合征 naevoid basalcell carcinoma syndrome潴留性粘液囊肿mucous retentioncyst第十八章牙源性肿瘤壁成釉细胞瘤mural ameloblastoma标准或经典型骨内成釉细胞瘤classicintraosseous ameloblastoma成牙骨质细胞瘤cementoblastoma成牙组织dental formative tissue成釉细胞瘤 ameloblastoma成釉细胞肉瘤 ameloblastic sarcoma成釉细胞纤维瘤 ameloblastic fibroma成釉细胞纤维肉瘤 ameloblaticfibrosarcoma成釉细胞纤维牙本质瘤ameloblasticfibrodentinoma成釉细胞纤维牙本质肉瘤 ameloblasticfibrodentinsarcoma成釉细胞纤维-牙肉瘤 ameloblastic fibro-odontosarcoma丛状型plexiform pattern丛状型单囊成釉细胞瘤plexiform unicystic ameloblastoma促结缔组织增生型成釉细胞瘤desmoplastic ameloblastoma单囊性成釉细胞瘤unicystic ameloblastoma恶性成釉细胞瘤malignant ameloblastoma反折线reversal line非肿瘤性牙滤泡增生non-neoplastic thickened follicle骨异常增殖症 osseous dysplasias混合性牙瘤complex odontoma基底细胞型成釉细胞瘤basal cell ameloblastoma棘皮瘤型acanthomatous type畸形malformation极性倒置reversed polarity角化成釉细胞瘤keratoameloblastoma 颗粒细胞型granular cell type良性成牙骨质细胞瘤benign cementoblastoma滤泡型follicular pattern玫瑰花样结构rosette-like structure明显的玻璃样变marked hyalinization 前成釉细胞preameloblast乳头状角化成釉细胞瘤papilliferous keratoameloblastoma牙本质生成性影细胞癌dentinogenic ghost cell carcinoma牙本质生成性影细胞瘤dentinogenic ghost cell tumor牙骨质样组织 cementoid牙瘤 odontoma牙源性癌 odontogenic carcinoma牙源性癌肉瘤 odontogenic sarcoma牙源性钙化囊肿 calcifyingodontogenic cyst ,COC牙源性钙化囊性瘤calcifyingcystic odontogenic tumor牙源性钙化上皮瘤calcifyingepithelial odontogenic tumor; Pindborg瘤牙源性角化囊性瘤 keratocysticodontogenic tumour牙源性颗粒细胞瘤granular cellodontogenic tumor牙源性鳞状细胞瘤squamousodontogenic tumor牙源性囊肿恶变malignant change inodontogenic cysts牙源性肉瘤odontogenic sarcoma牙源性透明细胞癌clear cellodontogenic carcinoma牙源性透明细胞瘤clear cellodontogenic tumor牙源性纤维瘤odontogenic fibroma牙源性腺样瘤adenomatoidodontogenic tumor, AOT牙源性龈上皮错构瘤odontogenicgingival epithelial hamartoma牙源性影细胞癌odontogenic ghostcell carcinoma牙源性影细胞瘤odontogenic ghostcell tumor牙源性粘液瘤 odontogenic myxoma牙源性肿瘤 odontogenic tumor一般型成釉细胞瘤 classicameloblastoma影上皮细胞 ghost epithelial cell原发性骨内癌primary intraosseouscarcinoma原发性骨内鳞状细胞癌 primaryintraosseous squamous cell carcinoma粘液瘤myxoma粘液纤维瘤myxofibroma真性牙骨质瘤true cementoma中心性巨细胞病变（肉芽肿）centralgiant cell lesion （granuloma）周边型peripheral ameloblastoma周边性牙源性纤维瘤peripheralodontogenic fibroma转移性（恶性）成釉细胞瘤metastasizing （malignant）ameloblastoma组合性牙瘤compound odontoma第十九章口腔颌面部其他组织来源的肿瘤和瘤样病变边缘不规则border irregularity不对称asymmetry车轮状-多形性storiform-pleomorphic成人型纤维肉瘤adult fibrosarcoma成釉细胞癌 ameloblastic carcinoma丛状血管瘤tufted angioma 又称进展性毛细血管瘤(progressive capillaryhemangioma)、Nakagawa 血管母细胞瘤（angioblastoma of Nakagawa）动静脉性血管瘤arteriovenoushemangioma多形性组织细胞增生症polymorphichistocytosis,PH恶性黑色素瘤malignant melanoma恶性淋巴瘤malignant lymphoma恶性雀斑样痣lentigo melanoma恶性肉芽肿malignant granuloma恶性纤维组织细胞瘤malignantfibrous histocytoma,MFH （多形型称为多形性恶性纤维组织细胞瘤/未分化高级别多形性肉瘤(pleomorphic malignant。
(完整版)医学专业英语1-4单元术语解释、短语和课后习题答案
Chapter 1Human Body as a WholeMedical TerminologyLearn the following combining forms, prefixes and suffixesand write the meaning of the medical term in the space provided.1. a hormone secreted from the adrenal gland2. inflammation of the adrenal gland3. pertaining to medicine4. pertaining to biology5. pertaining to chemistry6. pertaining to the blood vessel7. pertaining to cells8. pertaining to molecules9. pertaining to the medicine of the living thing10. the study of the living thing11. pertaining to the physics of the living thing12. the study of the heart13. the disease of the heart14. the record of the heart waves15. the study of the human inner secretion from glands16. pertaining to the production of hormone17. the study of inner gland secretion18. the red blood cell19. the white blood cell20. the lymph cell21. the study of cell22. the study of chemistry of cell23. the study of biology of cell25. the tumor of the embryo26. the study of the disease of the embryo27. the study of the human inner secretion from glands28. pertaining to the inside of the heart29. pertaining to the inside of the cell30. above the skin31. above the skin32. inflammation of the skin33. red blood cells34. instrument of measuring red blood cells35. to breathe out the waste gas36. to drive somebody or something out37. to spread outside38. sth that produces diseases39. the study of blood40. blood cells41. the study of tissues42. the study of tissue pathology43. therapy treatment, hence tissue treatment44. pertaining to the base45. pertaining to the toxin46. pertaining to symptoms47. the study of body’s auto protection from diseases48. protected from49. deficiency in the immune system of the body50. substance from the adrenal gland51. water from it52. the study of societies53. the study of urinary system55. lymph cells56. tumor of the lymphatic system57. the study of the lymphatic system58. the study of physical growth59. a doctor of internal medicine60. treatment by physiological methods61. the new growth ,tumor62. the study of mind63. abnormal condition of the mind64. the study of the relationship between psychology and biology65. a condition of over activity of the thyroid gland66. the condition of under activity of the thyroid gland67. the inflammation of the thyroid gland68.cutting apart the human body as a branch of medical sciences69. cut open the bone70.to cut the heart open71. pertaining to the blood vessel72. inflammation of the blood vessel73. pertaining to the lymphatic system and the blood vesselKey to the Exercises B.1.（embryo）embryology2.(process/condition) mechanism3.(heart) cardiovascular4.(color) chromatin5.(secretion) endocrinology6.(cell) cytology7.(sth. that produces or is produced) pathogen8.(lymph) lymphatic9.(the study of) psychology10.(pertaining to) regularLanguage Points:put together组成known as 叫做joints between bones关节to provide points of attachment for the muscles that move the body牵动骨骼肌引起各种运动hip joint髋关节flexible有韧性的cushioning缓冲replaced by bone 骨化one bone moves in relation to the other两骨彼此靠近产生运动contents物质nourishment营养物质function发挥功能waste products废物accumulate积聚poison the body危害生命distributes运送needed materials有用的物质unneeded ones废物is made up of包括protect…against foreign invaders防止外来侵袭（See! Power Point）identical对等的receives吸收traveled through流经forced out压送reenter流入directly直接地channels 管道filters过滤larynx喉管trachea气管two lungs左右肺very large number of 大量的air spaces肺泡release释放出extending 延伸到broken down分解absorbed into吸收进chewing咀嚼esophagus食管Key to the Section B Passage 1 Exercises B.1. (The skeletal system consists of bones, joints and soft bones.)2. (Heart is generated when muscles are contracted, which helps keep the bodytemperature constant.)3. (The circulation of blood carries useful materials to all body cells while removing wasteones.)4. (Oxygen is inhaled and carbon dioxide is exhaled in the process of respiration.)5. (The digestion of food involves both mechanical and chemical procedures.)6. (The urinary system keeps normal levels of water and of certain chemicals in the body.)7. (The pituitary is a major gland located under the brain in the middle of the head.)8. (The brain collects and processes information and then sends instructions to all parts ofthe body to be carried out.)9. (The main function of the male reproductive system is to generate, transport and keepactive male sex cells.)10. (The largest of the body’s organs, the skin protects the inner structure of the body with acomplete layer.)Key to the Section A Passage 1 Exercises E.1.cardiovascular diseases2. function of the pituitary3. the urinary tract4. molecules5. artery6. endocrinology7. dyspnea / difficulty in respiration 8. saliva9. histology 10. blood circulation11. hematology 12. physiology13. anatomy 14. the female reproductive15. nervous cells 16. immunology17. indigestion / poor in digestion 18. voluntary muscle19. embryology 20. psychologySection B, Passage 2 Cells and TissuesLanguage PointsOrganized组（构）成arranged in to构成in turn are grouped into又进一步组成serves its specific有特定的bear in mind记住result from源于billions亿万determind确立fit on合在一起by contrast相比之下machinary机构while normally在正常情况下function with great efficiency高效地发挥作用are subject to易于发生result in导致millionth百万分之一equal等于average一般 a speck barely visible基本上看不见的一个小点The science that deals with cells on the smalleststructural and functional level is called molecular biology.从最小的结构及功能水平研究细胞的科学叫分子生物学。
医学专业英语上册(第四章)chapter 4 musculoskeletal system
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Axial skeleton
The axial skeleton includes the bones in the head, neck, spine, chest and trunk of the body. These bones form the central axis for the whole body and protect many of the internal organs such as the brain, lungs, and heart. The head or skull is divided into two parts consisting of the cranium and facial bones. These bones protect the brain and special sense organs from injury. The cranium covers the brain and the facial bones surround the mouth, nose, and eyes. Muscles for chewing and head movements are attached to the cranial bones. The cranium consists of the frontal , parietal , temporal, ethmoid , sphenoid , and occipital bones. The facial bones are the mandible , maxilla , zygomatic , vomer, palatine , nasal , and lacrimal bones. The cranial and facial bones are illustrated in Figure 3.1 and described in Table 3.1. Figure 3.1 The cranial and facial bones (seen from the lateral part)
(完整版)医学专业英语翻译与答案
Chapter 1Passage 1 Human BodyIn this passage you will learn:1. Classification of organ systems2. Structure and function of each organ system3. Associated medical termsTo understand the human body it is necessary to understand how its parts are put together and how they function. The study of the body's structure is called anatomy; thestudy of the body's function is known as physiology. Other studies of human body include biology, cytology, embryology, histology, endocrinology, hematology, immunology, psychology etc.了解人体各部分的组成及其功能，对于认识人体是必需的。
研究人体结构的科学叫解剖学；研究人体功能的科学叫生理学。
其他研究人体的科学包括生物学、细胞学、胚胎学、组织学、内分泌学、血液学、遗传学、免疫学、心理学等等。
Anatomists find it useful to divide the human body into ten systems, that is, the skeletal system, the muscular system, the circulatory system, the respiratory system, the digestive system, the urinary system, the endocrine system, the nervous system, the reproductive system and the skin. The principal parts of each of these systems are described in this article.解剖学家发现把整个人体分成骨骼、肌肉、循环、呼吸、消化、泌尿、内分泌、神经、生殖系统以及感觉器官的做法是很有帮助的。
unit 9 medical education医学英语
with medical students in Canada. I am curious how a sophomore at UO has his own major (pediatric)?
内科 medicine, internal medicine 内科医生 internist / physician /medical doctor 外科 surgery / surgical department 外科医生 surgeon
What do medical doctors call themselves? （different specialties)
Stereotyping （定型思维）
good school, good doctor; bad school, bad doctor
You comments?
Ranking of medical schools
How are medical schools ranked in the US?
Email No. 2
Hello Ye, Ma Ye)
Sorry, it has been a bad week. Anyway
The medical system in the US has some variability to it. Generally speaking however, after you graduate high school you go to college for 4 years. You can major in many subjects such as Biology, Chemistry or even Math. There is no such thing as a Premedicine major for the most part. This gives doctors a more general education here. After college you would go on to apply and attend medical school. You only major in Medicine and there is no specialization in Medical School.
医学专业英语Chapter 2.1
Anti- against(抗)
Antibody：body substance, hence, a protein substance produced in the blood or tissues of animals or man that destroys or weakens bacteria or neutralizes中和 the poison they produce Antigen: a substance, usually foreign to (such as a poison, virus etc.), that stimulates刺激 the production of antibodies Antibiotic: a chemical substance derived from a mold铸型 or bacterium细菌 that can kill microorganisms微生物 and cure bacterial infections
Ana- apart（开；分开）
Anatomy: cutting apart the body as a branch of medical sciences Analysis: -lysis separation/breakdown, hence examination through separation, taking things apart
Questions:
What is pathology? What does the modern approach to the study of disorder emphasize? How can a disease be classified? How germs enter the human body? How does the human body fight against diseases? Describe the function antibodies.
中医医学英语（WORD）
1 总论序号汉文名英文名注释中医①traditional Chinese medicine②traditional Chinese physician ①中医学的简称。
②本学科专业职业队伍。
中药Chinese materia medica 在中医理论指导下应用的药物。
包括中药材、中药饮片和中成药等。
中医学traditional Chinese medicine 以中医药理论与实践经验为主体，研究人类生命活动中健康与疾病转化规律及其预防、诊断、治疗、康复和保健的综合性科学。
中药学Chinese materia medica 中药学科的统称。
研究中药基本理论和各种药材饮片、中成药的来源、采制、性能、功效、临床应用等知识的学科。
中医药traditional Chinese medicine and pharmacology 中医与中药的合称。
中医药学traditional Chinese medicine and pharmacology 中医学与中药学的合称，侧重反映中医与中药两者共同发展，密不可分。
中西医结合integration of traditional and western medicine 现代医学等现代科学知识及手段来继承和发展中医药，中西医学相互补充，取长补短，诊治疾病的医学形式。
中医基础理论basic theory of traditional Chinese medic ine 研究和阐明中医学的基本概念、基本理论、基本规律、基本原则的学科。
中医诊断学diagnostics of traditional Chinese medic ine 根据中医学的理论体系，研究诊察病情、判断病种、辨别证候的基础理论、基本知识和基本技能的学科。
方剂学prescriptions of Chinese materia medica 研究治法与方剂配伍规律及其临床运用的学科。
中医内科学internal medicine of traditional Chinese medicine 研究外感温病、内伤杂病等内科疾病诊治与预防的临床中医学。