Flotherm教程2Build,SolveandAnalyseasamplecase

FloTHERM基础培训教程PPT课件

1 2
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V1 A1
1 2
p2 V2
V2 A2
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FLOTHERM 软件介绍
全球第一个专门针对电子散热领域的CFD软件
— 通过求解电子设备内外的传导\对流\辐射，从而解决热设计问题
据第三方统计，在电子散热仿真领域，FloTHERM 全球市场占有率达到70%
据我们的调查，98%的客户乐意向同行推荐 FloTHERM
保证模型准确度1515flothermpreprocessingmodelingmeshingboundaryconditionsinitialconditionssourcesmaterialpropertiesphysicalmodelssolvermonitoring1616flothermpostprocessingtemperatureprofilespeedvectorcommandcenter优化differentcasessolveprogress1717simplecase求解监控与后处理1818flothermprojectmanager项目管理器提供树状结构的几何体和模型数据管理drawingboard模型绘图板提供创立和修改几何模型的简易界面面向对象的建模技术专业针对电子热分析的参数化模型完全三维cad风格1919flothermtable数据表窗口提供输入输出参数的数据表输出visualeditor图形输出窗口提供结果的图形动态输出2020flotherm库文件区项目文件索引文件2121flotherm首先flotherm软件借助四个目录管理文件管理每个项目文件千万别去尝试去修改项目文件中名中的数字串项目文件夹2222定义求解域2323设置
核心热分析模块
FloTHERM.Pack

flotherm版本中文教程V82-2

建立、、求解求解、、分析一简单的电子设备机箱练习题 2:建立本练习指导用户建立一个简单的电子设备机箱，步骤如下：1.创建和保存一个新的工程文件。

2.设定环境条件；3.创建一个带有通风孔的机箱；4.在机箱内增加热源；5.定义网格并求解；6.分析结果。

.Tutorial 2 – Build, Solve and Analyze a Simple Electronics Box启动Flotherm在项目管理窗口(PM)中选择菜单[Project/New](项目/新建)并选择“Defaults”(缺省)表.选中文件 “DefaultSI” 并按’OK’(确定)。

这就按缺省设置(标准国际单位)打开了一个新的工程文件，其它的设置参数也都回复为缺省值。

.要将此文件存成新文件，在项目管理窗口(PM)中选择[Project/Save As](项目/另存为)。

在’Project Name’(项目名称)栏中键入”Tutorial 2” 。

在’Title’(标题)栏中键入”Simple Electronics Box”。

单击’Notes’(备注)按钮。

在文本编辑框中输入一些和项目有关的信息。

比如“This is an initial model ofthe electronics box.”。

单击’Date’(日期)和’Time’(时间)按钮，为项目创建日期和时间信息。

注意: 使用‘Notes’(备注)可方便的追溯对该项目发生的变化并使协作者间进行Flotherm文件交换的时候使得交流效率更加高。

Tutorial 2 – Build, Solve and Analyze a Simple Electronics Box整体的缺省尺寸单位可在项目管理窗口(PM )中设置。

在菜单条上, 选择[Edit/Units ](编辑/单位)。

在 ‘Unit Class ’ (单位类型)下面选中 ‘LENGTH ’(长处) 并在 ‘Use Units ’(使用单位) 中选择’ mm ’。

FloTHERM培训资料

FloTHERM —基础培训
中科信软高级技术培训中心－
FLOTHERM 软件介绍
全球第一个专门针对电子散热领域的CFD软件
通过求解电子设备内外的传导\对流\辐射，从而解决热设计问题
据第三方统计，在电子散热仿真领域，FloTHERM 全球市场占有率达到70% 据我们的调查，98%的客户乐意向同行推荐 FloTHERM
FloEDA EDA软件高级接口
1. 支持多种EDA格式：方便电子工程师与热工程师协同工作 2. 包含走线、器件参数、过孔等详细信息的模型读入：保证模型准确性 3. 准确的模型简化方法：保证结果准确度的同时减少计算时间
FloMCAD.Bridge CAD软件接口模块
1. 支持多种模型格式：适用范围广泛 2. 方便的操作：缩短建模时间
流动状态、流体物性固体表面的属性
7
热仿真基本理论---传热的三种基本方式
热辐射： Stefan-Bolzmann 定律： Qε = ε σ A T4
ε 表面发射率, σ = 5.67 x 10-8 W/m2.K4
(0 ≤ ε ≤ 1) (Stefan-Boltzmann常数)
W
Qε
表面积 A
热仿真基本理论---传热的三种基本方式
完全CAD化的建模功能：提供对齐、自动捕捉等建模手段。
移动物体在一个方向上改变大小在两个方向上改变大小 18
使用Flotherm建立模型
方便快捷的建模“搭建方法”:
PCB’s 风扇通风孔 IC’s 机箱
19
从FloMCAD导入模型
SolidWork ProE - prt asm CATIA
FloTHERM 核心热分析模块

FloTHERM仿真教程

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质量守恒方程
∂ρ ∂ ( ρ u ) ∂ ( ρ v ) ∂ ( ρ w ) + + + =0 ∂t ∂x ∂y ∂z
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2
12
FLOTHERM 软件介绍
全球第一个专门针对电子散热领域的CFD软件
— 通过求解电子设备内外的传导\对流\辐射，从而解决热设
Command Center 优化设计模块
1. 先进的优化算法：保证优化结果的可靠性 2. 目标驱动的自动优化设计：减少工程师的工作量
FloTHERM 核心热分析模块
1. 简单的建模方式：节省建模时间 2. 笛卡尔网格：加快计算速度 3. 集成的经验公式：加速计算并保证准确度
FloTHERM 软件
英国、美国、俄罗斯匈牙利、法国、德国意大利、瑞典、日本中国、印度、新加坡
研发中心：
伦敦、波士顿、硅谷圣迭戈、法兰克福、布达佩斯、莫斯科、班加罗尔
代理商：
以色列、韩国、日本、台湾、澳大利亚、巴西
2
Mentor Graphics – MAD 主要产品
散热仿真软件嵌入CAD的工程流体动力学/传热仿真软件-FloEFD 高级热测试仪
3
Contents
L1 – Introduction of Electronics cooling L2 – Basic theory of CFD L3 – Introduction of FLOTHERM L4 – Basic theory of using FLOTHERM to do simulation L5 – Build, solve and analyze a simple case L6 – Model popular electronics component L7 – Do a good grid L8 – Diagnose solution Problems L9 – Import your CAD model to do CFD simulation

Flotherm软件求解收敛常见问题及处理方法

1. 引言随着电子设备向高集成度方向发展,系统的热功率密度越来越大，因此热设计技术在电子设备中显得越来越重要。

目前公司主要采用Flotherm商业热分析软件进行系统级、板级的热分析。

热分析过程主要分为建造模型、为模型添加物性、网格划分、求解与后处理几个过程。

在热分析的过程当中,准确的建造模型、添加物性固然重要，它将直接影响到结果的准确性,然而网格划分对于初学者来说也很重要，劣质的网格可能会导致求解发散，甚至会导致得到错误的结果。

所有的错误都会体现在残差曲线中，本文主要讲述各种有问题的残差曲线，并详细讲述处理的方法。

2. Flotherm软件默认求解收敛设置Flotherm软件实际上是采用Patankar与Spalding1972年提出的在计算流体力学及计算传热学中得到了广泛应用的SIMPLE算法来迭代求解一组由Navier—Stokes方程导出的耦合偏微分非线性方程,这种迭代自然伴随着收敛的相关判定与设置问题.Flotherm终止标准是基于系统的质量、动量和能量三个方面来设定的：•质量平衡（压力场残差）–终止标准= 0。

005M(kg/s)–强迫对流: M = Total Inlet or Outlet Flow Rate–自然对流：M = ρ。

EFCV。

Aρ：Air densityEFCV: Estimated Free Convection VelocityA: Area perpendicular to the vertical•动量平衡(速度场残差)–终止标准= 0.005MV(N）–强迫对流：V = Fan or Fixed Flow maximum velocity–自然对流: V = EFCV•能量平衡（温度场残差)–终止标准= 0。

005 Q （W)–如果在系统中有热源或热沉：Q = Total Heat Sources or Sinks–如果系统中无热源或热沉：Q = M Cp ∆Ttyp ∆Ttyp = 20 °C3. 常见残差曲线分类在利用Flotherm进行求解中，我们直观的判断求解是否收敛的依据则是依靠残差曲线,通过残差曲线我们可以了解求解是发散、振荡还是收敛，如下图所示.图一:残差曲线1）对于大多数残差曲线收敛且监控点温度稳定的情况下，我们可以认为得到了稳定正确的数值解,当然有时也会由于温度梯度较大的位置网格数量不足或者两种不同的物体划分到同一网格得到具有较大误差的结果。

flotherm

薄壁或者厚壁，全局或单边
• 全局或者单边的设置
華碩電腦 ASUS M I D Tooling Team
P27 PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version
壳体设置: Side Details
完全删除边 (High and Low X)
P4 PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version
CFD 求解概述
ä 控制方程
• 遵守质量守恒，动量守恒，能量守恒三大定律
ρ ∂ (ρϕ ) + div ρVϕ − Γϕ gradϕ = Sϕ ∂t
(
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transient + convection - diffusion = source CFD - Finite Volume Approach
P19 PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version
華碩電腦 ASUS M I D Tooling Team
定义求解区域: 全局系统设置
P20 PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version
• 在求解区域的各个面上可以定义不同的环境设置
P18 PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version
華碩電腦 ASUS M I D Tooling Team
定义求解区域: 面
4 求解区域的表面有两种选项
– 开放: 流体可以在计算区域进出 – 对称: 绝热并且无摩擦力
華碩電腦 ASUS M I D Tooling Team
定义求解区域: 环境设置

FloTHERM基础培训教程PPT课件

速度大，则压力小，速度小，则压力大
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质量守恒方程
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V1 A1
1 2
p2 V2
V2 A2
12
FLOTHERM 软件介绍
全球第一个专门针对电子散热领域的CFD软件
— 通过求解电子设备内外的传导\对流\辐射，从而解决热设计问题
据第三方统计，在电子散热仿真领域，FloTHERM 全球市场占有率达到70%
据我们的调查，98%的客户乐意向同行推荐 FloTHERM
热仿真基本理论
---控制方程
能量守恒方程
Hot component
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动量守恒方程
热仿真软件-FloEFD 高级热测试仪
3
Contents
L1 – Introduction of Electronics cooling L2 – Basic theory of CFD L3 – Introduction of FLOTHERM L4 – Basic theory of using FLOTHERM to do simulation L5 – Build, solve and analyze a simple case L6 – Model popular electronics component L7 – Do a good grid L8 – Diagnose solution Problems L9 – Import your CAD model to do CFD simulation

polyflow教程2

Tutorial 2. Solid-Solid Heat ConductionIntroductionThis tutorial illustrates the setup and solution of a multi-domain problem. Distinct sets of equations are solved on non-overlapping subdomains. The problem involves a heat transfer calculation between two solids (heat conduction), with each solid having a different thermal conductivity.In this tutorial, you will learn how to:• Start POLYDATA from Workbench• Create a new task• Create multiple sub-tasks• Set material properties and boundary conditions for a solid-solid heat conduction problemPrerequisitesThis tutorial assumes that you are familiar with the menu structure in POLYDATA and Workbench, and that you have solved or read Tutorial 1. Some steps in the setup procedure will not be shown explicitly.Problem DescriptionThis tutorial examines the heat conduction in two solid square bodies, each of length 100 cm, as shown in Figure 2.1. A heat transfer calculation is performed between the solid bodies. To solve the fully coupled problem, we will define two sub-tasks, one each for solid 1 and solid 2. Each sub-task will contain a particular model, domain of definition, material properties, and boundary conditions, including interface conditions with the other sub-task.The two heat conduction problems are coupled because the global solution of the problem depends on the values of the solution variables at the intersection of the solid domains. The two subdomains are shown in Figure 2.2.Solid-Solid heat ConductionThe partial differential equation solved in both subdomains corresponds to the steady state heat conduction model:Figure 2.1: Schematic Diagram of the Solid Square BodiesFigure 2.2: Boundaries and Subdomains for the Solid-Solid Heat Conduction Problem()0T∇Tk(2.1))⋅(=∇where T∇ is the temperature gradient and k(T) is the thermal conductivity. solid 1 and solid 2 have thermal conductivity (k) of 10 W/m.°C and 35 W/m.°C, respectively.Solid-Solid heat Conduction The boundary sets for the problem are shown in Figure 2.2, and the conditions at the boundaries of the domains are as follows:• boundary 1: insulated• boundary 2: T = 100°C• boundary 3: insulated• boundary 4: T = 150°CAn interface is defined at the intersection of subdomain 1 and subdomain 2. Preparation1. Copy the file, heatcond/heatcond.msh from the POLYFLOW documentation CD or installation area to your working directory (as described in Tutorial 1).2. Start Workbench from startÆAll ProgramsÆAnsys13.0ÆWorkbench.Step 1: Project and Mesh1. Create a Polyflow Analysis system by drag and drop in workbench, import the mesh file (heatcond.msh), and double-click the Setup cell of the analysis to start POLYDATA.For detailed information on how to do this, refer to Tutorial 1.When POLYDATA starts, the Create a new task menu item is highlighted, and the geometry for the problem is displayed in the Graphics Display window.Step 2: Models, Material Data, and Boundary ConditionsIn this step, define a new task representing the solid-solid heat conduction problem. Since this example is focused on the heat transfer calculation between two solids with different thermal conductivities, the heat conduction problem for the solids is described in two different sub-tasks. However, the task attributes are the same for both the sub-tasks, so define a single task for the coupled problem.1. Create a task for the model.Create a new taskSolid-Solid heat Conduction(a) Retain the following (default) options:• F.E.M. task• Steady-state problem• 2D planar geometryAs seen in the Graphics Display window, this problem is geometrically defined ina 2D Cartesian reference frame (x,y). Hence, choose 2D planar geometry.A Steady-state condition is assumed for the problem.SelectAccept the current setup.(b)The Create a sub-task menu item is highlighted.At this point (i.e., when Create a sub-task is highlighted), if you realize that you have made a mistake in creating the task, you can return to the previous menu by doing the following:1. Select Upper level menu to return to the top-level POLYDATA menu.2. Select Redefine global parameters of a task and make the necessary changes.3. Select Accept the current setup when you are satisfied with the corrected settings.4. Select F.E.M. Task 1. The Create a sub-task menu item is highlighted.Step 2a: Definition of Sub-Task 1In this step, define the heat conduction problem, identify the domain of definition, set the relevant material properties for solid 1, and define boundary conditions along its boundaries.1. Create a sub-task for solid 1.Create a sub-taskHeat conduction problem.(a)SelectA panel appears, asking for the title of the problem.Solid-Solid heat ConductionEntersolid 1 as the New value and click OK.(b)The Domain of the sub-task menu item is highlighted.At this point (i.e., when Domain of the sub-task is highlighted), if you realize that you have made a mistake in creating the sub-task, you can return to the previous menu by doing the following:1. Select Upper level menu.2. Select Redefine global parameters of a sub-task and make the necessary changes.3. Select Upper level menu.4. Select solid 1 at the bottom of the existing menu.The Domain of the sub-task menu item is highlighted.2. Define the domain where the sub-task applies (subdomain 1).There are two subdomains in this problem. Each sub-task is defined with its own model, material properties, and boundary conditions. To solve the coupled problem, the domain is divided into two subdomains with a common intersection and a subtask is defined on each of the non-overlapping subdomains. Sub-task 1 is defined for subdomain 1, since subdomain 1 represents solid 1 (as shown in Figure 2.2).Domain of the sub-task(a) Select Subdomain 2 and click Remove.Solid-Solid heat Conduction(b) Click on Upper level menu at the top of the panel.The Material data menu item is highlighted.3. Specify the material properties for solid 1.POLYDATA indicates which material properties are relevant for your sub-task by graying out the irrelevant properties. For this model, define only the constant thermal conductivity (k) of the material.Material data(a) Select Thermal conductivity.As shown at the top of the menu, the thermal conductivity is defined as a non-linear function of temperature:k = a + bt + ct2 + dt3 (2.2)Solid-Solid heat Conduction In this problem, thermal conductivity is assumed to be a constant, so only the constant coefficient ‘a’ is modified.Modify a(b) Enter 10 as the New value and click OK.(c) Check if the value of the thermal conductivity is correct, and repeat theprevious steps if you need to modify it again.(d) Select Upper level menu two times to leave the material data specification.The Thermal boundary conditions menu item is highlighted.4. Specify the boundary conditions for subdomain 1.In this step, set the conditions at each of the boundaries of the domain. When a boundary set is selected, it is highlighted in red in the graphics window.Thermal boundary conditionsSolid-Solid heat Conduction(a) Set the conditions along the intersection of subdomain 1 and subdomain 2.Set an interface condition at the intersection of subdomain 1 and subdomain 2. This condition ensures the continuity of the temperature field and the heat flux along the interface. Since the problem is a coupled one, the condition of continuity is essential for the global solution of the temperature and heat flux variables.imposedalong subdomain 2 and click Modify.TemperatureSelecti.Interface.ii.SelectFor an interface condition, both the heat flux and the temperature areusually continuous along the interface. It is possible to specify a non-zerovalue for the heat flux jump (dq), but this is mainly used in problemswhere internal radiation is simulated. Here, accept the default value forthe definition of heat flux discontinuity, i.e., dq=0.iii. Select Upper level menu to accept the default option.Solid-Solid heat Conduction(b) Set the conditions at boundary 1.Impose a zero conductive heat flux along this boundary.imposed along boundary 1 and click Modify.Temperaturei.Selectii. Select Insulated boundary / symmetry.(c) Set the conditions at boundary 4.Impose a constant value for the temperature along this boundary.Temperatureimposed along boundary 4 and click Modify.Selecti.imposed.Temperatureii.SelectConstant.Selectiii.A panel appears, asking for the value of the constant temperature.iv. Enter 150 as the New value and click OK.v. Select Upper level menu.(d) Click on Upper level menu at the top of the Thermal boundary conditions panel.(e) Select Upper level menu at the top of the solid 1 sub-task menu.Step 2b: Definition of Sub-Task 2Solid-Solid heat ConductionIn this step, define the heat conduction problem, identify the domain of definition, set the relevant material properties for solid 2, and define boundary conditions along its boundaries.1. Create a sub-task for solid2.Create a sub-task(a) POLYDATA asks whether you want to copy data from an existing sub-task.(b) Click No, since this sub-task will have different parameters associated with it.(c) Select Heat conduction problem.A panel appears, asking for the title of the problem.i. Enter solid 2 as the New value and click OK.2. Define the domain where the sub-task applies (subdomain 2).Domain of the sub-task(a) Select Subdomain 1 and click Remove.(b) Click on Upper level menu at the top of the panel.The Material data menu item is highlighted.3. Specify the material properties for solid 2.Material dataIn this problem, specify a constant value for the thermal conductivity (k).(a) Select Thermal conductivity.In this problem, thermal conductivity is assumed to be a constant, so only the constant coefficient a is modified.Modifya(b) Enter 35 as the New value and click OK.(c) Check whether the value of the thermal conductivity is correct and repeat theprevious steps if you need to modify it again.(d) Select Upper level menu two times to leave the material data specification.The Thermal boundary conditions menu item is highlighted.4. Specify the boundary conditions for subdomain 2.In this step, set the conditions at each of the boundaries of the domain. When a boundary set is selected, it is highlighted in red in the graphics window.Thermal boundary conditions(a) Set the conditions at the intersection of subdomain 1 and subdomain 2.Set an interface condition at the intersection of the subdomains.imposedalong subdomain 1 and click Modify.TemperatureSelecti.Interface.Selectii.iii. Select Upper level menu to accept the default option for continuity offlux.temperatureandheat(b) Set the conditions at boundary 1.Impose a zero conductive heat flux along this boundary.imposed along boundary 1 and click Modify.SelectTemperaturei.ii. Select Insulated boundary / symmetry.(c) Set the conditions at boundary 2.Impose a constant value for the temperature along this boundary.imposed along boundary 2 and click Modify.TemperatureSelecti.imposed.TemperatureSelectii.SelectConstant.iii.A panel appears, asking for the value of the constant temperature.iv. Enter 100 as the New value and click OK.v. Select Upper level menu.(d) Set the conditions at boundary 3.Impose a zero conductive heat flux along this boundary.imposed along boundary 3 and click Modify.TemperatureSelecti.ii. Select Insulated boundary / symmetry.(e) Click on Upper level menu at the top of the Thermal boundary conditions panel.(f) Select Upper level menu two times to return to the top-level POLYDATA menu.Step 3: Save the Data and Exit POLYDATAAfter defining your model in POLYDATA, save the data file. In the next step, you will read this data file into POLYFLOW and calculate a solution.Save and exitPOLYDATA asks you to confirm the current system units and fields that are to be saved to the results file for post-processing.1. Select Upper level menuThis confirms that the default units are correct.2. Select Accept.This confirms that the default Current field(s) are correct.3. Select Continue.This accepts the default names for the graphical output files (cfx.res) that are to be saved for post-processing, and the POLYFLOW format results file (res).Step 4: SolutionIn this step, run POLYFLOW to calculate a solution for the model you just defined using POLYDATA.1. Run POLYFLOW by righ click on Solution cell of the simulation and click on Update button.This command executes POLYFLOW using the data file as standard input, and writes information about the problem description, calculations, and convergence to a listing file.2. Check for convergence in the listing file.Right click on Solution cell and click on Listing Viewer…Workbench opens View listing file panel, which displays the listing file.Step 5: Post-processingUse CFD-Post to view the results of the POLYFLOW simulation.1. Double click on Results cell in the workbench analysis and read the results files saved by POLYFLOW.CFD-Post reads the mesh information and the solution fields that were saved to the results file.2. Align the viewIn the graphical window, right-click, and select the option “Predefined Camera”(a) Select “View Towards –z”.The central-mouse button allows you to zoom in and zoom out.The left-mouse button allows to rotate the image.The right-mouse button allows you to translate the image.3. Display contours of temperature.Since the coupled problem analyzes the heat transport in solids, display contours of the temperature field to view the heat transfer between the solids.(a) Select the domain.→Unroll Mesh regionsOutlinetabi. under Mesh Regions, select SD_1 Hex and SD_2 Hex.(b) Select the variable and display the results.ii. In the graphic window, right-click on the left-hand subdomainiii. Under “Colour”, select the field “TEMPERATURE”.iv. Repeat the above operations ii and iii for the right-hand subdomain.Figure 2.3: Contours of Static TemperatureIn Figure 2.3, the temperature varies from the imposed value of 100 on the right-hand side of solid 2, to 150 on the left-hand side of solid 1. Also, the temperature isolines are perpendicular to the walls where the heat flux was set to zero (boundaries 1 and 3); a zero heat flux implies that the temperature gradient along a normal to the wall is zero. 4. Temperature profile along a horizontal line.Plot the temperature profile along a horizontal line in the middle of the domain. For this, we first create a line and subsequently ask a plot on that line.i. Under “Location”, select “Line”, enter a name.ii. Define the line by two points (0,50,0) and (200,50,0).“Apply”.iii.onClickiv. Click on the Chart button , enter a name, and click on OK.v. In the Details of chart, select the tab “Chart Line 1”vi. Select the location: the line defined above.vii. Select X along the X-axis and TEMPERATURE along the Y-axis.viii. Under the tab “Chart”, modify the title, if needed.Apply.ix.ClickonFigure 2.4: Temperature Along the Line y = 50In Figure 2.4, the slope of the curve for subdomain 1 is different from that forsubdomain 2. The slope of the curve corresponds to the temperature gradient.The gradient is smaller in subdomain 2 because solid 2 has a higher heatconductivity, i.e., the heat is more easily conducted in solid 2 than in solid 1. Aneven higher conductivity in solid 2 would lead to a flatter temperature curve forsolid 2.SummaryThis tutorial introduced the concept of a multi-domain calculation, where two distinct sets of equations were solved on non-overlapping subdomains. The creation of a single task for solving two coupled heat conduction problems has been demonstrated. Each heat conduction problem was defined in a sub-task, and then the two sub-tasks were solvedsimultaneously in the same task.。

FloTHERM基础培训教程PPT课件

7
热设计的基本要求
满足设备可靠性的要求满足设备预期工作的热环境的要求满足对冷却系统的限制要求
热设计工程师 —— 与EE, ME, Layout等项目
相关人员紧密配合，力求提高产品各方面性能并降低成本
8
了解散热性能的方法
实验研究
— 优点：直观，可靠 — 缺点：昂贵，周期长
数值仿真(CFD)
Table 数据表窗口提供输入输出参数的数据表输出
19
FloTHERM文件结构
索引文件库文件区项目文件
20
FloTHERM文件结构
首先FLOTHERM软件借助四个目录管理文件管理每个项目文件
项目文件夹
千万别去尝试去修改项目文件中名中的数字串
21
定义一个新项目
定义项目名称定义散热环境以及散热方式定义求解域
Step2：点击monitor point
也可以不选择元件，直接建立监控点并把位置设置到关心的地方
35
网格定义
36
求解器设置
设置求解方式设置迭代次数附加选项
37
错误检查与初始化
错误检查
— Error：Data error interrupting solution — Warning：flags set up problems such as incorrect location of
总部：英国伦敦
分公司：
英国、美国、俄罗斯匈牙利、法国、德国意大利、瑞典、日本中国、印度、新加坡
研发中心：
伦敦、波士顿、硅谷圣迭戈、法兰克福、布达佩斯、莫斯科、班加罗尔
代理商：
以色列、韩国、日本、台湾、澳大利亚、巴西

FloEMC_Flotherm中文教程

教程4—利用FLOMCAD进行CAD几何模型导入该教程希望通过练习以下一些操作加深对FLOMCAD的理解：1. 导入一个在CAD工具里建立的2U的机箱(名为2U pizza box)。

2. 简化该模型，去除与EMC分析意义无关的部分3. 把几何模型转换为FLOEMC实体4. 将几何模型导入FLOEMC5. 在FLOEMC中检查确认导入的模型是否正确I"訓dUbl 他Us/rinjEzIwUij UnM教程4—利用FLOMCAD CAD几何模型导入从开始菜单［Start/Programs/Flomerics/FLOEMC 6.1/FLOEMC6.1］启动FLOEMC，或直接用桌面快捷方式窗口弹出，任务管理器P roject Ma nager (PM)即打开。

点击FLOMCAD快捷键同时打开，关闭Message窗口。

注意：也可以［Start/Programs/Flomerics/FLOEMC,FLOMCAD 和Message窗口会I IH I*舅ffl lUHJBTlCTT r- 2f .'Piceci 立）如fenriMF i曲加5A 垂^* Ffe^= H种站■H EU爭时v rfe /金亍芒并壬］唱-；:，O H r tdw以HQ I SvJan■ ft^gl^yp^bk令I" 11CifrV話易■rtwaiE Jl P pi教程4—利用FLOMCAD进行CAD几何模型导入FLOMCAD 启动后，操作External/lmport SAT，找到并打开Open 2UP izzaBox.SAT由于可能会报告出错信息，因此在模型简化过程中不要关闭窗口。

3DTipr-^TEPII .'I.I 鈕*t -V5'All||_&0&f.SAT* ]UJXM=*n^e« JA7Atii-Tfdiiiy S4TAhijti.5*T ^Apc-satA啊.皿ArilonriewMt在打开模型过程中会弹出MCAD Monitor Window的窗口，观察窗口中的信息，可以看到FLOMCAD正在转换已经在CAD 工具中命名过了的模型部件。

flotherm版本中文教程V82-2

flotherm版本中⽂教程V82-2建⽴、、求解求解、、分析⼀简单的电⼦设备机箱练习题 2:建⽴本练习指导⽤户建⽴⼀个简单的电⼦设备机箱，步骤如下：1.创建和保存⼀个新的⼯程⽂件。

2.设定环境条件；3.创建⼀个带有通风孔的机箱；4.在机箱内增加热源；5.定义⽹格并求解；6.分析结果。

.Tutorial 2 – Build, Solve and Analyze a Simple Electronics Box启动Flotherm在项⽬管理窗⼝(PM)中选择菜单[Project/New](项⽬/新建)并选择“Defaults”(缺省)表.选中⽂件 “DefaultSI” 并按’OK’(确定)。

这就按缺省设置(标准国际单位)打开了⼀个新的⼯程⽂件，其它的设置参数也都回复为缺省值。

.要将此⽂件存成新⽂件，在项⽬管理窗⼝(PM)中选择[Project/Save As](项⽬/另存为)。

在’Project Name’(项⽬名称)栏中键⼊”Tutorial 2” 。

在’Title’(标题)栏中键⼊”Simple Electronics Box”。

单击’Notes’(备注)按钮。

在⽂本编辑框中输⼊⼀些和项⽬有关的信息。

⽐如“This is an initial model ofthe electronics box.”。

单击’Date’(⽇期)和’Time’(时间)按钮，为项⽬创建⽇期和时间信息。

注意: 使⽤‘Notes’(备注)可⽅便的追溯对该项⽬发⽣的变化并使协作者间进⾏Flotherm⽂件交换的时候使得交流效率更加⾼。

Tutorial 2 – Build, Solve and Analyze a Simple Electronics Box整体的缺省尺⼨单位可在项⽬管理窗⼝(PM )中设置。

在菜单条上, 选择[Edit/Units ](编辑/单位)。

在 ‘Unit Class ’ (单位类型)下⾯选中 ‘LENGTH ’(长处) 并在 ‘Use Units ’(使⽤单位) 中选择’ mm ’。

Flotherm学习教程 ppt课件

要能合理的简化模型. 实际的Cooler都还太复杂, 适当的简化可以增进模拟的效率. ➢ 格点越少越好 ➢ 以简单而不失真的外型来取代原始的外型.
每一个模型都要合乎热传与流场的观念: ➢ 热传: 热的传递路径与方式 ➢ 流场: 空气的流动路径
Sieyuan Electric
Copyright © Sieyuan Electric Co., Ltd. All Rights Reserved.
功能
移动物件
阵列复制
对齐物件
将3D物体压缩成一个平面. 常用于处理锡膏, TIM 上. 注意: 被Collapse 的物体, 其厚度仍是存在的. 将模型分解至基本图型. 常用于 Heatsink, Enclouser
Sieyuan Electric
Copyright © Sieyuan Electric Co., Ltd. All Rights Reserved.
热容网络模型，同时也提供热源和阻尼模型的建立，将器件的热源特性和阻尼特性进行输入仿真：
薄板模型
热阻-热容网络模型
Sieyuan Electric
Copyright © Sieyuan Electric Co., Ltd. All Rights Reserved.
8
Flotherm学习教程
4) 高级Zoom-in 功能：高级Zoom-in功能可将上级模型计算结果作为下级模型
Sieyuan Electric
Copyright © Sieyuan Electric Co., Ltd. All Rights Reserved.
23
Flotherm学习教程
No 指令 1 Move 2 Pattern 3 Align 4 Collapse(压缩)

flotherm散热学习（中文教程）

flotherm散热学习（中⽂教程）练习题 1: FLOTHERM软件的基本操作本练习通过创建⼀个⾮常简单的算例让⽤户对Flotherm软件的操作有⼀个基本的了解。

本练习逐步指导⽤户完成安放在钢板的热模块的创建，具体步骤如下1.创建和保存⼀个新的项⽬2.创建实体3.定义⽹格、求解4.分析结果练习题 1: FLOTHERM软件的基本操作从[开始/程序/ Flomerics/FLOTHERM 6.1/ FLOTHERM 6.1]启动FLOTHERM或⽤桌⾯快捷键出现彩斑屏幕，接着项⽬管理窗⼝(Project Manager以下简称PM)会⾃动打开。

练习题 1: FLOTHERM软件的基本操作单击项⽬管理窗⼝(PM)的顶部菜单条’Project’(项⽬)，下拉菜单，选择‘Save As’(另存为).在顶部的数据框(⽂本‘Project Name’(项⽬名称)右边)中键⼊项⽬名称“Tutorial 1”，另外在‘Title’(标题)输⼊框中键⼊“First Flotherm Tutorial”点击按钮‘Notes’(备注)，打开输⼊框让⽤户输⼊项⽬相关注释，如：在下⾯我们可以⽤改变的⽇志区分建模过程，现在，只要点击按钮‘Date’(⽇期) 把当前的⽇期加⼊⽂本区。

移动⿏标到‘System’(系统) () ，右键点击，在下拉菜单中选择‘Location’(安置)。

我们需要设定模型所包含的区域尺⼨，保持‘Position’(位置)中各项为零，另外将‘Size’(尺⼨)改为：X = 0.07 mY = 0.40 mZ = 0.30 m练习题 1: FLOTHERM软件的基本操作单击选中‘root assembly’(根组件)，然后点击项⽬管理窗⼝(PM)顶部新部件图标() 打开调⾊板(Palette)，然后点击⽴⽅体(cuboid)图标()。

移动⿏标到项⽬管理窗⼝(PM)树状结构中新创建的⽴⽅体(cuboid)，右键点击，在下拉菜单中选择‘Location’(安置)。

FloTHERM仿真教程

Command Center 优化设计模块
1. 先进的优化算法：保证优化结果的可靠性 2. 目标驱动的自动优化设计：减少工程师的工作量
FloTHERM 核心热分析模块
1. 简单的建模方式：节省建模时间 2. 笛卡尔网格：加快计算速度 3. 集成的经验公式：加速计算并保证准确度
FloTHERM 软件
FloMCAD.Bridge CAD软件接口模块
1. 支持多种模型格式：适用范围广泛 2. 方便的操作：缩短建模时间
14
FloTHERM使用流程
Pre-Processing
Solver
Boundary conditions Initial conditions Sources Material properties Physical models Modeling
11热仿真基本理论控制方程质量守恒方程12utvtwthotcomponentuuuvuw速度大则压力小速度小则压力大flotherm软件介绍全球第一个专门针对电子散热领域的cfd软件通过求解电子设备内外的传导对流辐射从而解决热设计问题据第三方统计在电子散热仿真领域flotherm全球市场占有率达到70据我们的调查98的客户乐意向同行推荐flotherm13flotherm软件主要模块14flotherm软件flotherm核心热分析模块集成的经验公式
了解散热性能的数值方法:
CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics)
9
仿真的基本思想
CFD的基本思想是把原来在时间域和空间域上连续的物理量的场，用一系列有限个离散点上的变量值的集合来代替，通过一定的原则和方式建立起关于这些离散点上场变量之间关系的代数方程组，然后求解代数方程组获得场变量的近似值。

Flotherm学习教程

Library 的动作
(1)将已建好的物体存进Library
以单一 Smart Part 为例
(1)将已建好的物体存进Library(续)
以 Assembly 为例
(2)将Library里的物体呼叫进现在的专案里
以单一 Smart Part 为例
(2)将Library里的物体呼叫进现在的专案里(续)
Project Manager
档案管理
复制, 移动, 阵列
视图管理
工具选项
模型
网格划分运算
Drawing Board
物件分层
Drawing Board
调整显示工具
翻转
显示网格的资料对齐工具
视角视窗切换工具自动对齐工具
测量尺寸工具指标与手切换工具背景顏色切换工具
学习项目 2
Flotherm 介紹 2
CFD 软件在计算什么呢? 所有CFD软件均是在计算压力, 速度, 温度, 此三个变数. 因
为此三个变数是构成流体力学, 热传学的基本物理量. 由于速度是向量, 所以在表达速度时, 习惯以X, Y, Z 三个方
向的分量来做表示. 亦即 Vx, Vy, Vz. 因此, CFD 软件在求解五个变数,
Flotherm学习教程
Байду номын сангаас
Flotherm 介紹 1
Flotherm 是一套专门为电子散热领域所设计的商业CFD 软体.
CFD 为 Computational Fluid Dynamics 的缩写, 意思为计算流体力学. 所谓 ‘计算’ , 是指利用电脑程式来解决的意思.亦有称为数值方法.
以往在解决散热问题可以用三种方式: 1. 理论解析: 利用数学方程式解决. 但此种方式, 仅适合非常简单的问题. 在真实世界几乎无法用此种方式来解题. 2. 实验: 直接量测. 此方法为最准确. 但是必须要有实际的产品才可做到. 3. 数值方法: 系利用电脑程式来解决散热问题. 可以在无实体的情况下, 自由去做模拟.

FLOTHERM软件高级培训全

.
网格划分
• 网格长宽比问题:
– 最小单元尺寸(系统网格) – 建立合理精度的模型(例如,根据实际问题的大小确定尺寸单位精度) – 避免产生小尺寸网格导致较大差异的网格过渡
.
扩大求解域的影响
• 当我们扩大求解域时,必然增加整个系统网格数 .
• 这主要是因为物体几何网格线延伸到整个求解域边界, 同时会增加求解计算时间.
结果数据选项
位置和尺寸设置
瞬态参数
.
Convergence and Troubleshooting
30min 俞丹海 Flomerics中国代表处
.
Convergence
• • • • • • • 收敛的定义终止标准导致收敛问题的原因残差曲线诊断改善收敛 Solution Control设置 Pro-Active 技术
方法二:
1.激活粒子流图标,并创建”source”源(默认位置),并设置显示参数. 2.通过手动调整粒子源位置,确定显示方式.
.
Flomotion
.
Flomotion
动态播放控制
动态输出
.
Flomotion
• 云图可以动态播放:
– 点播放”On”按钮
– 可以通过动态设置对话框来控制播放效果.
.
网格划分
• 划分准则:
网格长宽比值越接近越好 1 最理想的状态
< 20 良好 >200 可能造成不收敛
尽量避免大尺寸网格到小尺寸网格的直接过度
.
网格划分
• 网格长宽比例问题:
– 网格平滑工具(系统网格)
– 增加网格线减小长宽比
.
网格划分
– 网格平滑工具(系统网格)

FLOTHERM热设计软件指南

欲了解关于以上产品的详情，请访问
Mentor Graphics Mechanical Analysis Division (原 FLOMERICS 公司) 于 1989 年开发全球第一个开发专门针对电子散热领域的 CFD(Computational Fluid Dynamics，计算流体力学)仿真软件-FloTHERM 软件。公司的研发人员是全球第一批研究 CFD 理论的科研人员，也是最早一批将传统的 CFD 分析手段加以改变，使之达到真正意义上的工程化的先驱者。
每年 FloTHERM 用户均有机会参加坤道公司举办的各类研讨会和讲座并相互交流，非常利于设计人员水平的提高。由于有全球主流厂商的支持，用户也可以很容易地从各供应商或 Mentor Graphics 公司用户支持区 SupportNet 获取从 IC、散热片到风扇、电源等部件的模型用于产品整体分析，这些优势是其他同类软件产品无法相比的。
薄板模型
热阻-热容网络模型 4) 高级 Zoom-in 功能: 高级 Zoom-in 功能可将上级模型计算结果作为下级模型计算的边界条件，使得模型计算结果层层传递，从系统级到子系统级，简化计算过程，减轻工作量，从而大大缩减模型分析时间。
专业稳定的求解器与网格技术
z 求解器：采用专门针对电子散热的有限体积法求解器，与传统的 CFD 求解器不同，FloTHERM 求解器不但应用了数值方法的解算，同时结合了大量专门针对电子散热而开发的实验数据和经验公式。这些实验数据和经验公式多数为 Mentor Graphics Mechanical Analysis Division 独家拥有，是 Mentor Graphics Mechanical Analysis Division 专注于电子设备热设计行业二十年中最为宝贵的财富之一；

FLOTHERM经典教材

FLOTHERM Introductory一：创建和保存项目 (2)二：设置单位 (2)三：定义求解域 (2)四：定义求解域环境 (2)五：参考点设置 (3)六：画箱体 (3)七：箱体打孔 (3)八：增加热源 (4)九：设置监控点 (5)十：创建结构树 (5)十一：设置网格 (5)十二：观测温度： (5)十三:添加PCB (6)13.1:添加pcb材料 (6)13．2：设置pcb位置 (6)13．3：设置pcb尺寸 (7)13．4：加入元件 (7)13．5：加入元件功率 (7)十四：定义其它热源 (8)十六：观察机箱内 (8)十七：数据观察 (9)十八：更改求解域后恢复 (10)二十：添加风扇 (10)二十二：气流观察 (12)二十三：优化 (13)一：创建和保存项目在PM中选择[Project/New]并选择“Defaults” 表. 选中文件“DefaultSI” 并按OK. 这就按缺省设置（标准国际单位）打开一个新的工程文件，其它的设置参数也都回复为缺省值。

在PM中选择[Project/Save As]（项目/保存为）。

—在Project Name （项目名称）栏中键入“Tutorial 2”。

—在Title（标题）栏中键入“Simple Electronics Box”。

—单击Notes（备注）按钮。

在文本编辑框中输入一些和项目有关的信息。

比如“This is an initial model of the electronics box.”。

单击Date（日期）和Time（时间）按钮，为项目创建日期和时间信息。

单击OK按钮，退出Edit Notes（备注编辑）对话框。

再单击确定（OK）来保存您的项目。

二：设置单位整体的缺省尺寸单位可在PM中设置。

在菜单条上, 选择[Option/Units].在‘Unit Class,’ 下面选中‘LENGTH’ 并在‘Use Units’ 中选择‘mm’。

polyflow教程2

Tutorial 2. Solid-Solid Heat ConductionIntroductionThis tutorial illustrates the setup and solution of a multi-domain problem. Distinct sets of equations are solved on non-overlapping subdomains. The problem involves a heat transfer calculation between two solids (heat conduction), with each solid having a different thermal conductivity.In this tutorial, you will learn how to:• Start POLYDATA from Workbench• Create a new task• Create multiple sub-tasks• Set material properties and boundary conditions for a solid-solid heat conduction problemPrerequisitesThis tutorial assumes that you are familiar with the menu structure in POLYDATA and Workbench, and that you have solved or read Tutorial 1. Some steps in the setup procedure will not be shown explicitly.Problem DescriptionThis tutorial examines the heat conduction in two solid square bodies, each of length 100 cm, as shown in Figure 2.1. A heat transfer calculation is performed between the solid bodies. To solve the fully coupled problem, we will define two sub-tasks, one each for solid 1 and solid 2. Each sub-task will contain a particular model, domain of definition, material properties, and boundary conditions, including interface conditions with the other sub-task.The two heat conduction problems are coupled because the global solution of the problem depends on the values of the solution variables at the intersection of the solid domains. The two subdomains are shown in Figure 2.2.Solid-Solid heat ConductionThe partial differential equation solved in both subdomains corresponds to the steady state heat conduction model:Figure 2.1: Schematic Diagram of the Solid Square BodiesFigure 2.2: Boundaries and Subdomains for the Solid-Solid Heat Conduction Problem()0T∇Tk(2.1))⋅(=∇where T∇ is the temperature gradient and k(T) is the thermal conductivity. solid 1 and solid 2 have thermal conductivity (k) of 10 W/m.°C and 35 W/m.°C, respectively.Solid-Solid heat Conduction The boundary sets for the problem are shown in Figure 2.2, and the conditions at the boundaries of the domains are as follows:• boundary 1: insulated• boundary 2: T = 100°C• boundary 3: insulated• boundary 4: T = 150°CAn interface is defined at the intersection of subdomain 1 and subdomain 2. Preparation1. Copy the file, heatcond/heatcond.msh from the POLYFLOW documentation CD or installation area to your working directory (as described in Tutorial 1).2. Start Workbench from startÆAll ProgramsÆAnsys13.0ÆWorkbench.Step 1: Project and Mesh1. Create a Polyflow Analysis system by drag and drop in workbench, import the mesh file (heatcond.msh), and double-click the Setup cell of the analysis to start POLYDATA.For detailed information on how to do this, refer to Tutorial 1.When POLYDATA starts, the Create a new task menu item is highlighted, and the geometry for the problem is displayed in the Graphics Display window.Step 2: Models, Material Data, and Boundary ConditionsIn this step, define a new task representing the solid-solid heat conduction problem. Since this example is focused on the heat transfer calculation between two solids with different thermal conductivities, the heat conduction problem for the solids is described in two different sub-tasks. However, the task attributes are the same for both the sub-tasks, so define a single task for the coupled problem.1. Create a task for the model.Create a new taskSolid-Solid heat Conduction(a) Retain the following (default) options:• F.E.M. task• Steady-state problem• 2D planar geometryAs seen in the Graphics Display window, this problem is geometrically defined ina 2D Cartesian reference frame (x,y). Hence, choose 2D planar geometry.A Steady-state condition is assumed for the problem.SelectAccept the current setup.(b)The Create a sub-task menu item is highlighted.At this point (i.e., when Create a sub-task is highlighted), if you realize that you have made a mistake in creating the task, you can return to the previous menu by doing the following:1. Select Upper level menu to return to the top-level POLYDATA menu.2. Select Redefine global parameters of a task and make the necessary changes.3. Select Accept the current setup when you are satisfied with the corrected settings.4. Select F.E.M. Task 1. The Create a sub-task menu item is highlighted.Step 2a: Definition of Sub-Task 1In this step, define the heat conduction problem, identify the domain of definition, set the relevant material properties for solid 1, and define boundary conditions along its boundaries.1. Create a sub-task for solid 1.Create a sub-taskHeat conduction problem.(a)SelectA panel appears, asking for the title of the problem.Solid-Solid heat ConductionEntersolid 1 as the New value and click OK.(b)The Domain of the sub-task menu item is highlighted.At this point (i.e., when Domain of the sub-task is highlighted), if you realize that you have made a mistake in creating the sub-task, you can return to the previous menu by doing the following:1. Select Upper level menu.2. Select Redefine global parameters of a sub-task and make the necessary changes.3. Select Upper level menu.4. Select solid 1 at the bottom of the existing menu.The Domain of the sub-task menu item is highlighted.2. Define the domain where the sub-task applies (subdomain 1).There are two subdomains in this problem. Each sub-task is defined with its own model, material properties, and boundary conditions. To solve the coupled problem, the domain is divided into two subdomains with a common intersection and a subtask is defined on each of the non-overlapping subdomains. Sub-task 1 is defined for subdomain 1, since subdomain 1 represents solid 1 (as shown in Figure 2.2).Domain of the sub-task(a) Select Subdomain 2 and click Remove.Solid-Solid heat Conduction(b) Click on Upper level menu at the top of the panel.The Material data menu item is highlighted.3. Specify the material properties for solid 1.POLYDATA indicates which material properties are relevant for your sub-task by graying out the irrelevant properties. For this model, define only the constant thermal conductivity (k) of the material.Material data(a) Select Thermal conductivity.As shown at the top of the menu, the thermal conductivity is defined as a non-linear function of temperature:k = a + bt + ct2 + dt3 (2.2)Solid-Solid heat Conduction In this problem, thermal conductivity is assumed to be a constant, so only the constant coefficient ‘a’ is modified.Modify a(b) Enter 10 as the New value and click OK.(c) Check if the value of the thermal conductivity is correct, and repeat theprevious steps if you need to modify it again.(d) Select Upper level menu two times to leave the material data specification.The Thermal boundary conditions menu item is highlighted.4. Specify the boundary conditions for subdomain 1.In this step, set the conditions at each of the boundaries of the domain. When a boundary set is selected, it is highlighted in red in the graphics window.Thermal boundary conditionsSolid-Solid heat Conduction(a) Set the conditions along the intersection of subdomain 1 and subdomain 2.Set an interface condition at the intersection of subdomain 1 and subdomain 2. This condition ensures the continuity of the temperature field and the heat flux along the interface. Since the problem is a coupled one, the condition of continuity is essential for the global solution of the temperature and heat flux variables.imposedalong subdomain 2 and click Modify.TemperatureSelecti.Interface.ii.SelectFor an interface condition, both the heat flux and the temperature areusually continuous along the interface. It is possible to specify a non-zerovalue for the heat flux jump (dq), but this is mainly used in problemswhere internal radiation is simulated. Here, accept the default value forthe definition of heat flux discontinuity, i.e., dq=0.iii. Select Upper level menu to accept the default option.Solid-Solid heat Conduction(b) Set the conditions at boundary 1.Impose a zero conductive heat flux along this boundary.imposed along boundary 1 and click Modify.Temperaturei.Selectii. Select Insulated boundary / symmetry.(c) Set the conditions at boundary 4.Impose a constant value for the temperature along this boundary.Temperatureimposed along boundary 4 and click Modify.Selecti.imposed.Temperatureii.SelectConstant.Selectiii.A panel appears, asking for the value of the constant temperature.iv. Enter 150 as the New value and click OK.v. Select Upper level menu.(d) Click on Upper level menu at the top of the Thermal boundary conditions panel.(e) Select Upper level menu at the top of the solid 1 sub-task menu.Step 2b: Definition of Sub-Task 2Solid-Solid heat ConductionIn this step, define the heat conduction problem, identify the domain of definition, set the relevant material properties for solid 2, and define boundary conditions along its boundaries.1. Create a sub-task for solid2.Create a sub-task(a) POLYDATA asks whether you want to copy data from an existing sub-task.(b) Click No, since this sub-task will have different parameters associated with it.(c) Select Heat conduction problem.A panel appears, asking for the title of the problem.i. Enter solid 2 as the New value and click OK.2. Define the domain where the sub-task applies (subdomain 2).Domain of the sub-task(a) Select Subdomain 1 and click Remove.(b) Click on Upper level menu at the top of the panel.The Material data menu item is highlighted.3. Specify the material properties for solid 2.Material dataIn this problem, specify a constant value for the thermal conductivity (k).(a) Select Thermal conductivity.In this problem, thermal conductivity is assumed to be a constant, so only the constant coefficient a is modified.Modifya(b) Enter 35 as the New value and click OK.(c) Check whether the value of the thermal conductivity is correct and repeat theprevious steps if you need to modify it again.(d) Select Upper level menu two times to leave the material data specification.The Thermal boundary conditions menu item is highlighted.4. Specify the boundary conditions for subdomain 2.In this step, set the conditions at each of the boundaries of the domain. When a boundary set is selected, it is highlighted in red in the graphics window.Thermal boundary conditions(a) Set the conditions at the intersection of subdomain 1 and subdomain 2.Set an interface condition at the intersection of the subdomains.imposedalong subdomain 1 and click Modify.TemperatureSelecti.Interface.Selectii.iii. Select Upper level menu to accept the default option for continuity offlux.temperatureandheat(b) Set the conditions at boundary 1.Impose a zero conductive heat flux along this boundary.imposed along boundary 1 and click Modify.SelectTemperaturei.ii. Select Insulated boundary / symmetry.(c) Set the conditions at boundary 2.Impose a constant value for the temperature along this boundary.imposed along boundary 2 and click Modify.TemperatureSelecti.imposed.TemperatureSelectii.SelectConstant.iii.A panel appears, asking for the value of the constant temperature.iv. Enter 100 as the New value and click OK.v. Select Upper level menu.(d) Set the conditions at boundary 3.Impose a zero conductive heat flux along this boundary.imposed along boundary 3 and click Modify.TemperatureSelecti.ii. Select Insulated boundary / symmetry.(e) Click on Upper level menu at the top of the Thermal boundary conditions panel.(f) Select Upper level menu two times to return to the top-level POLYDATA menu.Step 3: Save the Data and Exit POLYDATAAfter defining your model in POLYDATA, save the data file. In the next step, you will read this data file into POLYFLOW and calculate a solution.Save and exitPOLYDATA asks you to confirm the current system units and fields that are to be saved to the results file for post-processing.1. Select Upper level menuThis confirms that the default units are correct.2. Select Accept.This confirms that the default Current field(s) are correct.3. Select Continue.This accepts the default names for the graphical output files (cfx.res) that are to be saved for post-processing, and the POLYFLOW format results file (res).Step 4: SolutionIn this step, run POLYFLOW to calculate a solution for the model you just defined using POLYDATA.1. Run POLYFLOW by righ click on Solution cell of the simulation and click on Update button.This command executes POLYFLOW using the data file as standard input, and writes information about the problem description, calculations, and convergence to a listing file.2. Check for convergence in the listing file.Right click on Solution cell and click on Listing Viewer…Workbench opens View listing file panel, which displays the listing file.Step 5: Post-processingUse CFD-Post to view the results of the POLYFLOW simulation.1. Double click on Results cell in the workbench analysis and read the results files saved by POLYFLOW.CFD-Post reads the mesh information and the solution fields that were saved to the results file.2. Align the viewIn the graphical window, right-click, and select the option “Predefined Camera”(a) Select “View Towards –z”.The central-mouse button allows you to zoom in and zoom out.The left-mouse button allows to rotate the image.The right-mouse button allows you to translate the image.3. Display contours of temperature.Since the coupled problem analyzes the heat transport in solids, display contours of the temperature field to view the heat transfer between the solids.(a) Select the domain.→Unroll Mesh regionsOutlinetabi. under Mesh Regions, select SD_1 Hex and SD_2 Hex.(b) Select the variable and display the results.ii. In the graphic window, right-click on the left-hand subdomainiii. Under “Colour”, select the field “TEMPERATURE”.iv. Repeat the above operations ii and iii for the right-hand subdomain.Figure 2.3: Contours of Static TemperatureIn Figure 2.3, the temperature varies from the imposed value of 100 on the right-hand side of solid 2, to 150 on the left-hand side of solid 1. Also, the temperature isolines are perpendicular to the walls where the heat flux was set to zero (boundaries 1 and 3); a zero heat flux implies that the temperature gradient along a normal to the wall is zero. 4. Temperature profile along a horizontal line.Plot the temperature profile along a horizontal line in the middle of the domain. For this, we first create a line and subsequently ask a plot on that line.i. Under “Location”, select “Line”, enter a name.ii. Define the line by two points (0,50,0) and (200,50,0).“Apply”.iii.onClickiv. Click on the Chart button , enter a name, and click on OK.v. In the Details of chart, select the tab “Chart Line 1”vi. Select the location: the line defined above.vii. Select X along the X-axis and TEMPERATURE along the Y-axis.viii. Under the tab “Chart”, modify the title, if needed.Apply.ix.ClickonFigure 2.4: Temperature Along the Line y = 50In Figure 2.4, the slope of the curve for subdomain 1 is different from that forsubdomain 2. The slope of the curve corresponds to the temperature gradient.The gradient is smaller in subdomain 2 because solid 2 has a higher heatconductivity, i.e., the heat is more easily conducted in solid 2 than in solid 1. Aneven higher conductivity in solid 2 would lead to a flatter temperature curve forsolid 2.SummaryThis tutorial introduced the concept of a multi-domain calculation, where two distinct sets of equations were solved on non-overlapping subdomains. The creation of a single task for solving two coupled heat conduction problems has been demonstrated. Each heat conduction problem was defined in a sub-task, and then the two sub-tasks were solvedsimultaneously in the same task.。