100-Year-Old Japanese Woman Sets Swimming Record
100YearOld Japanese Woman Sets Swimming Record
100-Year-Old Japanese Woman Sets Swimming Record04/21/2015As we age, we often take longer to recover from injuries. That is, for some people.After a Japanese woman suffered a knee injury, she became a competitive swimmer - at age 88.Nearing the age of 101 has not slowed down one Japanese woman. In fact, in the swimming pool -- she is only getting faster.Recently, a 100-year-old Japanese woman became the world's first centenarian to complete a 1,500-meter freestyle swimming competition in a 25-meter pool.Her name is Mieko Nagaoka. Ms. Nagaoka set a world record for her age group at a recent Japan Masters Swimming Association event in the western city of Matsuyama. She swam the race in one hour, 15 minutes and 54 seconds.By comparison, the overall female world record holder completed the same distance in just under 15 and a half minutes. But that swimmer, Katie Ledecky, is only 17 years old.And Ms. Nagaoka was not competing against her. In fact, Ms. Nagaoka was the only competitor in the 100-104 year old category. Her race was not a race of speed but of endurance, or not giving up.Many times a championBreaking swimming records is nothing new to Ms. Nagaoka. So far she has broken 25 records. But she began competing when she was much younger - at 88.Ms. Nagaoka suffered a knee injury in her 80s, so she began swimming to help her body recover. Since her first international swimming competition, she hasn't looked back, except maybe to see if her competition is catching up.In 2002, at a masters swim meet in New Zealand, Ms. Nagaoka took the bronze medal in the 50-meter backstroke. In 2004, she won three silver medals at an Italian swim meet.Masters swimming is a special class of competitive swimming to promote health and friendship among participants. Swimmers compete within age groups of five years.Ms. Nagaoka says she is a serious swimmer and a serious competitor. An article from the Reuters news service quotes her profile on the international swimming website FINA, saying Ms. Nagaoka trains four times a week for two hours at a time.Does Japan have a secret?Japan has a large number of people who live beyond 100 years old.Until she passed away this month, the oldest person in the world was also from Japan. Misao Okawa was born in 1898. She said her secrets for longevity, or long life, were good genes, regular sleep, sushi and exercise.I'm Anna Matteo._____________________________________________________________Words in This Storycentenarian - n. a person who is 100 years old or olderendurance - n. the ability to do something difficult for a long timefreestyle - adj. a competition (such as a swimming race) in which the competitors are allowed to use different styles or methodscategory - n. a group of people or things that are similar in some waybackstroke - n. a way of swimming in which a person floats in the water facing upward while kicking the legs and rotating the arms; also : a race in which the swimmers do the backstroke。
【中考英语一轮复习语法一点通】语法专题五 名词(教师版)
语法专题五、名词（必考）名词即表示人或物名称的词，它分为专有名词和普通名词两大类。
专有名词表示人、地方、事物、组织等名称的词，如：Lucy, China, the Great Wall.考点1 可数名词的复数形式1.名词按其所表示的事物的性质可分为可数名词（Countable Nouns）与不可数名词（Uncountable Nouns），可数名词有单数与复数两种形式，名词复数构成形式部分规则如下：情况构成方法读音例词一般情况加-s在清辅音后读/s/在浊辅音和元音后读/z/在t后读/ts/在d后读/dz/cake-cakes day-days student-students bed-beds以-s, -x, -sh, -ch等结尾的词加-es读/IZ/bus-buses,box-boxeswatch-watches以辅音字母加y结尾的词变y为i，再加-es读/z/baby-babies,city-citiescountry-countries以元音字母加y结尾的词加-s读/z/toy-toysmonkey-monkeys以f(fe)结尾的词变f(fe)为ves读/vz/leaf-leaves,life-liveswolf-wolves不规则变化改变单数名词中的元音字母；单复数形式相同；其他形式man-men, woman-women, foot-feet, sheep-sheep mouse-mice2.某国人变复数（1）中国人a Chinese-Chinese; （2）日本人a Japanese- Japanese （2）英国人an Englishman-Englishmen;（3）法国人a Frenchman-Frenchmen （4）美国人American- Americans （5）德国人German-Germans 考点精讲可用口诀记忆这一点，即：中日不变英法变，其余s加后面。
3.以-o结尾的名词，有些在词尾加-es,它们是“黑人英雄爱吃西红柿土豆”。
【中考复习宝典】名词词性变化
意义
例子
只能修饰可数名词复数
many
许多
many books（许多书）
a(big/large/small) number of
很多、（大、少）量
a(big/large/small) number of students（很多学生）
several
几
several girls（几个女孩）
aபைடு நூலகம்few
几个（只、……）
enough desks(足够的课桌)
特别提示：a little还有“一个小小的……”之意，修饰单数名词，如：a little girl（一个小女孩）。
二、名词变形容词
规则
例词
说明
在名词后加--y
cloud→ cloudy
health → healthy
在名词后加--ly
friend → friendly
总是用作复数的集体名词
people police
既可作单数（整体）也可作复数（成员）的集体名词
class family group team public
复数便是特别的含义
times(时代) sands（沙滩）manners (礼貌)
表示“某国人”
加--s
American→ Americans
Australian→ Australians
变化规则
例词
改变名词中得元音字母或其他形式
man→ men
woman →women
foot→ feet
tooth→ teeth
mouse→ mice
child→ children
单复数同形
sheep deer fish
2019年日本成人节的英语美文word版本 (1页)
2019年日本成人节的英语美文word版本本文部分内容来自网络整理，本司不为其真实性负责，如有异议或侵权请及时联系，本司将立即删除！== 本文为word格式，下载后可方便编辑和修改！ ==日本成人节的英语美文Coming-of-Age Day (Japan)The second Monday of JanuaryThe second Monday of January is Coming-of-Age Day, a national holiday to encourage those who have newly entered adulthood to become self-reliant members of society. The holiday used to be on January 15, but in 201X it was moved to the second Monday of the month.Municipal governments host special coming-of-age ceremonies for20-year-olds, since an "adult" in Japan is legally defined as one whois 20 or over. They gain the right to vote on their twentiethbirthday, and they"re also allowed to smoke and drink. But along with these rights come new responsibilities as well, and so age 20 is abig turning point for the Japanese.Coming-of-age ceremonies have been held since time immemorial in Japan. In the past boys marked their transition to adulthood whenthey were around 15, and girls celebrated their coming of age whenthey turned 13 or so. During the Edo period(江户时代)(1603-1868),boys had their forelocks cropped off, and girls had their teeth dyed black. It wasn"t until 1876 that 20 became the legal age of adulthood.These days, males generally wear suits to their coming-of-age ceremony, but a lot of females choose to wear traditional furisode(振袖，状似和服的长袖)--a special type of kimono(和服)for unmarried women with extra-long sleeves and elaborate designs. For unmarried women, furisode is about the most formal thing they can wear, and so many of them don it to the event marking the start of their adultlife.The number of children in Japan is shrinking. For instance, about 1.74 million (890,000 males and 850,000 females) joined the ranks of grown-ups in 1999; this is 80,000 fewer than the year before and represents 1.4% of the total population. (：夏根建)。
Japanese women
Related topics
Social issuesWomen's issuesJapanLiberal Democratic Party (Japan)Shinzo Abe
Above all, she worries that having a family will be nigh on impossible to combine with a demanding career. When she met her boyfriend’s father for the first time this year, she reassured him about her intentions at McKinsey. “I told him that I would rethink my career in a few years’ time,” she says.
That one of the brightest of Japan’s graduates needs to say such things should worry Shinzo Abe, the prime minister. Japan educates its women to a higher level than nearly anywhere else in the world: its girls come near the top in education league-tables compiled by the OECD. But when they leave university their potential is often squandered, as far as the economy is concerned. Female participation in the labour force is 63%, far lower than in other rich countries. When women have their first child, 70% of them stop working for a decade or more, compared with just 30% in America. Quite a lot of those 70% are gone for good.
Japanese Women wary to wed BBC
Japan's women wary to wedIt is nearly 15 years since Japan's economy ground to a halt, triggering a period of introspection about the country's values and its place in the world. In the first of a special series, BBC News Online's Sarah Buckley reports on women's changing attitudes to marriage. Tuesday, 28 September 2004, 14:03 GMT 15:03 UKMulti-coloured collars, premium chews, and cat picture books line the shelves at a swanky emporium in Ebisu, upmarket Tokyo.Veronique is just one of a string of establishments catering for a boom in Japanese dog owners.But its success seems as much due to a rejection of marriage as a new-found love for the canine."There are lots of women who have dogs as their family or child," said Rie Shimozono, the shop's owner. "They carry the dog in a bag so that they are always spending time with it."Gazing through the window was Kazoko Endo, with Fukusuke, her daschund, in tow. She is typical of an increasing number of 30-something women in Japan - successful, single, and childless."Of course we will get married to someone," said Kazoko, referring to her and her dog. But the very fact that she was not even dating at 38 suggested it was not a priority.Twenty years ago, women like Ms Endo would have had a wedding ring on her finger and children at her feet.But changing expectations, both of relationships and careers, mean women across Japan, from school-leavers to members of the royal family, are grappling with a choice between traditional roles and modern freedoms.The dilemma left more than one in four Japanese women aged 30-34 still unmarried, in 2000.As a result women are having children much later, if at all. Japan's birth rate dipped to just 1.29 children per woman last year, one of the lowest in the developed world, from 1.54 in 1990.Hiroe Shibata, 35, who works for a multinational pharmaceutical company, said her priority was her career."I'm not against marriage. It's just not happening to me now," she said, pointing out that long working hours followed by evening school left her with no time to date.She said she loved children, but when asked if she worried about her biological clock, she replied: "If I have the time, then I'll have to think about it."No second best“Their husbands work long hours; child care is limited; baby sitters are expensive; and if women decide to work part-time, they are paid less than half that of a full-time worker ”Even women with less pressing commitments did not seem in a hurry to tie the knot.Yumiko Koshi, 33, was one of a number of women waiting to see pop idols Tokio last week. Bands originally marketed at teenagers are becoming popular with 30- and 40-something females unfettered by family life.Yumiko said she wanted to get married, but only if she "found a nice guy". She said she had a boyfriend, but did not see him as marriage material. "It's fun to play with him but I don't thinkhe's reliable enough as a husband. Sometimes he can't make decisions.""Maybe I might have a lonely old age, but I can't just marry somebody not so good and have a hard time."According to Sumiko Iwao, author of The Japanese Woman, many women no longer see marriage as an important goal."I guess they do not plan to stay single, they just don't meet with the kind of people they want to marry. They don't feel obsessed with being a housewife. If you find a good husband, that's fine, and if you don't, that's also fine."Japanese women tend to be very practical and very pragmatic. What are the benefits of getting married?"For most people in Japan, where unmarried parents are still rare, the main "benefit" is children. And that is the point at which modern freedoms clash headlong with traditional expectations.Hiroe Shibata explained: "If you get married, your parents expect you to have a baby. If you have a baby, it's going to be very difficult to manage your work and bring up children."No-one is more aware of this tension than Japan's Princess Masako. On entry to the Imperial family she has been forced to give up her high-flying diplomatic career to concentrate on bearing a male heir. Earlier this year she was diagnosed with a nervous disorder due to stress.Her unique role obviously brings its own strains. But many women are finding the sacrifice of hard-won economic success and freedom for childbirth tough."I think that being a mother reinforces the female role - once you have kids you have some responsibilities to be shared with your partner," said Hiroko Mizushima, a lawmaker specialising in gender equality for the main opposition Democratic Party of Japan.However, Ms Mizushima cited government research, from 1995, which suggested full-time working men spent 26 minutes each weekday on domestic chores, compared to 3 hours, 18 minutes by full-time working women. The data may now be outdated, but Ms Mizushima said the balance had not changed.Other disincentives are that their husbands work long hours, child care is limited; baby sitters are expensive; and if women decide to work part-time, they are paid less than half that of a full-time worker.FEMALE FACTSRyuko Ishikawa, a family psychiatrist, believes 30-something women are not prepared to "repeat their mothers' mistakes" in settling for the role of housewife. But she said many of her female clients' ambitions were not supported by their husbands.She referred to the Japanese saying 'deru kugi wa utareru' - the 'nail that sticks out will get hammered'. It is used to denote the person who upsets the social norm."Now, women are becoming 'deru kugi' - are sticking out. There's very few males who would say 'that's right, we have to support you.' Instead they (the women) are being hammered," said Dr Ishikawa.One of those women, caught up in the conflict between the present and the past, appears to be Princess Masako."I think Masako-san is a good example of the typical Japanese 'deru-kugi' - the capable woman. I don't think she's ill. I think she's normal," Dr Ishikawa said.。
介绍日本成人节的英语小作文
介绍日本成人节的英语小作文Adult Day in Japan is a significant event that marks the transition of young people into adulthood. Held annually on the second Monday of January, it celebrates the coming of age for those who have turned 20 in the past year.This traditional ceremony is deeply rooted in Japanese culture, symbolizing the responsibility and independence that come with adulthood. Young adults, dressed in their finest traditional attire, participate in various ceremonies organized by local governments.The celebration often includes a speech by local officials, encouraging the new adults to contributepositively to society. It is a moment of pride for both the individuals and their families, as they are recognized asfull-fledged members of the community.In addition to the official ceremonies, many young adults also visit shrines and temples to pray for their future success and happiness. This is a time for reflection and setting goals for the years ahead.The festive atmosphere is palpable, with streets adorned in celebratory decorations. Friends and family gather to share in the joy of this milestone, often with a special meal or celebration.Adult Day is not only a rite of passage but also a reminder of the cultural values that shape Japanese society. It emphasizes the importance of respect, hard work, and the contribution of each individual to the collective well-being.As the day draws to a close, the newly minted adults are filled with a sense of purpose and anticipation for the challenges and opportunities that lie ahead. This day sets the stage for their journey into full-fledged citizenship, with all the rights and responsibilities it entails.In essence, Adult Day in Japan is a poignant and vibrant celebration that encapsulates the essence of youth stepping into the world of maturity, ready to embrace the future with hope and determination.。
Japanese women
ORIGINAL ARTICLEImpact of overactive bladder and lower urinary tract symptoms on sexual health in Japanese womenTomoko Sako &Miyabi Inoue &Toyohiko Watanabe &Ayano Ishii &Teruhiko Yokoyama &Hiromi KumonReceived:8March 2010/Accepted:4August 2010/Published online:27August 2010#The International Urogynecological Association 2010AbstractIntroduction and hypothesis This study aims to assess whether lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS)affect sexual function in Japanese females.Methods A multi-component questionnaire was mailed to 576female hospital workers.It contained the Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI)and a self-administered questionnaire pertaining to LUTS.Results Of the 276responses (overall response rate,47.9%),146questionnaires were evaluable.LUTS had been experienced by 72(49.3%)of the respondents,17(11.6%)had urge urinary incontinence,and 35(24.0%)had stress urinary incontinence (SUI).The mean overall FSFI score was 22.4±9.0.The mean FSFI score was not significantly different between women with LUTS and women without LUTS (23.2±9.3and 21.6±8.8,respec-tively;P =0.057).However,the mean FSFI score of women with SUI was significantly lower than that of women without it (P =0.04).No other symptoms showed significant differences in FSFI scores.Conclusions Our results suggest that sexual dysfunction is related to SUI.Keywords Female sexual dysfunction (FSD).Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI).Lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS).Stress urinary incontinence (SUI).Female sexual arousal disorder (FSAD).Overactive bladder (OAB)IntroductionThe preferred terminology to describe a constellation of symptoms that may be caused by multiple pathologic conditions,such as detrusor overactivity,is lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS).LUTS is a common health problem,not only in men,but also in women.An evaluation of urinary symptoms in a sample of Japanese patients (N =5,729)that compared men and women (age range,21to 83years)showed that the prevalence of urinary problems was similar in both sexes [1].Urinary problems deteriorate the quality of life of many women.Urinary incontinence has also been implicated to have an unfavor-able effect on female sexuality [2–7].Some studies have evaluated sexual function in women with LUTS and overactive bladder (OAB)[8–10],and some questionnaires exist to evaluate female sexual function [11];the FSFI is a questionnaire used worldwide to evaluate female sexual function [12].Salonia et al.reported the FSFI score of 227women (mean age,52years;range,19–66years)in Italy who complained of urinary incontinence and/or LUTS and 102controls (mean age,54years;range,19–63years).They concluded that women reporting urinary incontinence or LUTS also complained of sexual dysfunction significantly more frequently than women in a general,healthy female population who did not complain of urinary symptoms [13].Sen et al.reported the FSFI score of 153incontinent Turkish women and 89controls.The mean age of subjects with urinary incontinence was 46.63±9.93years (range,26–81years)and that of control subjects was 45.34±T.Sako :M.Inoue (*):T.Watanabe :A.Ishii :H.Kumon Department of Urology,Okayama University Hospital,2-5-1Shikatacho,Okayama 700-8558,Japan e-mail:uromiya@T.YokoyamaDepartment of Urology,Kawasaki Medical School Hospital,Matsushima Kurashiki,Okayama 701-0192,JapanInt Urogynecol J (2011)22:165–169DOI 10.1007/s00192-010-1250-x6.29years(range,32–64years),and the mean total FSFI score was20.48±6.20and22.97±6.95,respectively.The scores of all domains were significantly lower in inconti-nent women than in control subjects,and mixed urinary incontinence had a significant impact on sexual function when compared with other types of incontinence[14].Other reports have indicated that every type of inconti-nence lowers the FSFI score[15].In the present study,the mean FSFI score of women with SUI was significantly lower than that of women without it,and there was a significant improvement in FSFI score after surgery to treat SUI[16–18].However,in Japan,there is a paucity of epidemiological data regarding the incidence and prevalence of female sexual dysfunction.We assessed the effect of urinary incontinence and female LUTS on sexual activity and sexual quality of life in sexually active women in Japan. The objectives of this research were to describe the sexuality of women with and without female LUTS in Japan and to assess a relationship between female LUTS and sexual dysfunction.MethodsA multi-component questionnaire was mailed to576women working in a hospital.It contained the Female Sexual Function Index(FSFI)[11]and a self-administered question-naire pertaining to LUTS[19].Female sexual function was evaluated with the FSFI.Women who agreed to participate in this study replied to a questionnaire and sent it back to us.The FSFI is a validated and reliable measure of female sexual function[12].It has19questions that assess six domains of sexual function,including desire,arousal, lubrication,orgasm,satisfaction,and pain.Score ranges for items3–14and17–19are0–5,and for items1,2,15, and16are1–5.The composite score is determined by the sum of domains multiplied by the domain factor.The full-scale score range is from2to36,with higher scores associated with a lesser degree of sexual dysfunction[12].The questionnaire pertaining to LUTS is a validated questionnaire that was developed by members of the Japan Neurogenic Bladder Society Committee,and it covered demographic characteristics and LUTS[19].The descrip-tions of the symptoms were consistent with International Continence Society terminology.Demographic character-istics collected were age,marital status,parity,menopausal status,and general health condition(very good,good,fair, bad,or very bad).Nine LUTS were assessed:daytime micturitions,nocturia,weak urine flow,sensation of residual urine,bladder pain,urinary urgency,urgency urinary incontinence,stress urinary incontinence,and use of incontinence pads[19].Questionnaires that contained responses to all items were evaluated.Questionnaires with blanks were excluded from evaluation.The LUTS group included those women who answered that they have a urinary symptom(urinary urgency,urgency urinary incontinence,or stress urinary incontinence)less than once per week.The group reporting no urinary symptoms was the control group.Differences in mean FSFI scores were compared between the LUTS group and the control group.The Mann–Whitney U test was used for comparison of scores within the groups.Differences in the mean FSFI score among age groups were analyzed with a Kruskal–Wallis test. Statistical significance was considered as P<0.05for all statistical analyses.All analyses were performed with SPSS software(SPSS,Chicago,IL,USA).ResultsOf the576women who were sent questionnaires,276 responded(overall response rate,47.9%),and146of the respondents filled out the questionnaire adequately for proper evaluation.In this evaluable population,the mean age was32.2years(range,21–56years),62(42.5%)were married,82(56.2%)were single,2(1.4%)were divorced, and123(84.2%)had a sex partner.The mean FSFI score was22.4±9.0.By age group,the mean FSFI score was 23.9±8.2in women20–29years;21.4±9.3in women30–39years;19.8±10.3in women40–49years;and20.1±9.9 in women50–59years.There was no significant difference in the total mean score among age groups.The scores for each sexual function domain are shown in Table1.In each domain,a significant difference was observed among age groups in the score for desire,arousal,and lubrication (P<0.05).The mean frequency of sexual activity was46.7±58.8 times per year(Fig.1).Seventy-two(49.3%)of the respondents had experienced LUTS.Overall,27(18.5%)of the respondents had difficulty,24(16.4%)had an incomplete emptying feeling, 18(12.3%)had bladder pain,18(12.3%)had urgency,17 (11.6%)had urge urinary incontinence,and35(24.0%)had stress urinary incontinence(SUI).The mean age of subjects with LUTS was33.7±8.9years(range,23–56years)and the mean age of controls was30.7±8.5years(range,21–56years).Age was significantly higher in women with LUTS than without LUTS(P=0.04),and the mean age of subjects with SUI was significantly higher than those without SUI(P=0.001).The mean FSFI score was23.2±9.3(range,2–35.4)in women with LUTS and21.6±8.8(range,2–36)in women without LUTS;there was no significant difference betweenthese groups (P =0.057)(Table 2).When FSFI scores were analyzed by symptoms,the FSFI score of women with SUI was significantly lower than that of women without it (P =0.04).With regard to domain scores in the group with SUI,there was a significant relationship with desire (P =0.034),arousal (P =0.001),and lubrication (P =0.001).However,there was no significant relationship with the other domains (Table 2).No other symptoms showed significant differences in FSFI scores (Fig.2).DiscussionSeveral studies have reported a correlation between sexual function and LUTS [8–10].In Asia,Kim et al.reported that sexual activity was reduced significantly in OAB and urinary incontinence versus an asymptomatic group [20].They investigated 3,372women (mean age,26.4±4.8years)enrolled via a multicenter internet survey.The prevalence of OAB syndrome and urinary incontinence was 12.7%and 21.0%,respectively,in their study.There are few reports about female sexual function in Japanese women,and a correlation of female sexual function with LUTS in Japan had not been reported prior to this study.In this study,sexual dysfunction was related to stress urinary incontinence in Japanese women.With regard to the scores of each domain in the group with SUI,there was a significant relationship with desire,arousal,and lubrication.The low score of FSFI in women with SUI may come from fear of incontinence during intercourse and embarrassment.Leakage during penetration is linked to SUI,and leakage during orgasm is also linked to urodynamic overactive detrusor function or mixed incontinence.The pathophsio-logic explanation of leakage during penetration is un-known;it could be caused by displacement of the bladder neck or anterior vaginal wall or by decreased tension in the pelvic floor muscle [21].Possibly,it is affected by other factors related with SUI.The mean age of subjects with SUI was significantly higher than that of those without SUI (P =0.001).Bang-Ping Jiann et al.reported that the age group of 50–67years had significantly lower mean scores in all domains than the groups of 20–34and 35–49years,and they had more problems in the areas of desire,arousal,and lubrication [22].In our study,there was no significant difference in the total mean score among age groups,but in each domain,a significant difference was observed among age groups in the score for desire,arousal,and lubrication.Thus,there may be a bias of background.It is necessary to assess and investigate both groups on the same background in the future.Detrusor overactivity or OAB was reported to be more related to sexual problems than SUI [20,22],but we did not find a significant relationship between the FSFI score and urge urinary incontinence and LUTS in our study.This result may be caused by the small number of women with urgency and urge incontinence.In this study,we sent the questionnaires to 576women,but only 146womenFig.1Frequency of sexual activity in Japanese womenTable 1FSFI scores of Japanese women by sexual function domain DomainsMean age group score ±SD P valueMean total score ±SD20–29years30–39years 40–49years 50–59years Number of patients 7834259146Desire 3.2±1.0 2.8±1.1 2.6±0.7 2.6±0.60.004* 3.0±1.0Arousal 3.7±1.6 3.1±1.7 2.9±1.9 2.6±1.50.011* 3.3±1.7Lubrication 4.6±1.9 4.1±2.2 3.6±2.4 3.8±2.20.022* 4.3±2.1Orgasm 3.6±1.8 3.2±1.9 3.2±2.3 3.3±2.20.361 3.4±1.9Satisfaction 4.3±1.5 3.9±1.5 3.8±1.4 3.7±1.60.061 4.1±1.5Pain 4.5±2.1 4.2±2.3 3.7±2.7 4.1±2.70.145 4.3±2.3Overall23.9±8.221.4±9.319.8±10.320.1±9.90.16622.4±9.0*P <0.05(Kruskal –Wallis test)answered completely.Most women answered the question of urinary symptoms but did not answer the question of sexual function.Japanese women are not willing to answer the questions of sexual function because they hesitate to talk about their sexual life to other persons and they want to make it a secret (especially in older women than young women).Furthermore,questionnaire respondents were healthy women working in a hospital.They were young women with few urinary symptoms (SUI or LUTS).Even if they had symptoms,their symptoms were comparatively moderate and slight.The LUTS group included women who answered that they had a urinary symptom (urinary urgency,urgency urinary incontinence,or stress urinary incontinence)less than once per week.There were fewwomen who reported having urinary symptoms more than once per week.A limitation of this study is that the sample was not put together under our strict inclusion and exclusion criteria.We could not investigate the correlation between sexual function and the severity of LUTS.We should assess and evaluate the sexual function of patients with severe LUTS in the future.When Rosen et al.first presented the FSFI,they assessed the sexual function of women in the USA.In their report,they compared the female sexual arousal disorder group (FSAD group;N =128)with a control group (N =131).The mean ages of the FSAD group and the control group were 40.5±12.98years (range,21–69years)and 39.7±13.15years (range,21–68years),respectively.The total FSFI score was 19.2±6.63in the FSAD group and 30.5±5.29in the control group [12].Our study also demonstrates lower FSFI scores in Japanese women compared with women in Turkey (27.29)and in the USA [23].The FSFI score in Japan was close to that in Italy (23.6),but the mean age of the control group in Italy was higher than in other studies [13].The reason why Japanese women ’s sexual functions at all ages are low is uncertain.One possibility is that Japanese women may not attach importance to their sex life.Actually,few females with sexual dysfunction consult a physician at a hospital.In addition,talking about sex is very shameful for a woman and is thought to be a taboo in Japan.However,it seems that research on female sexual dysfunction is necessary,and the number of women diagnosed with female sexual dysfunction is likely to increase in Japan in the future.Sexual dysfunction is a distressing problem in women with SUI.Nevertheless,it has received little attention,which may result from the shame of the women afflicted with SUI.We should pay more attention to this problem in Japan.Its assessment and management,as part of a routine evaluation,should be considered in women presenting with urinarysymptoms.Fig.2Relationship between FSFI score and LUTSLUTS (+)LUTS (−)P valueSUI (+)SUI (−)P valueNumber of patients 727435111Age 33.7±8.930.7±8.50.040*38.7±9.230.1±7.70.001*Desire 3.0±1.0 3.0±1.00.597 2.7±1.1 3.1±1.00.034*Arousal 3.1±1.7 3.5±1.70.072 2.5±1.7 3.6±1.70.001*Lubrication 4.1±2.1 4.5±2.10.110 3.4±2.2 4.6±2.00.001*Orgasm 3.3±1.9 3.6±2.00.243 3.0±2.0 3.6±1.90.133Satisfaction 4.0±1.5 4.2±1.50.279 4.0±1.2 4.1±1.50.559Pain 4.1±2.3 4.4±2.20.435 3.7±2.6 4.5±2.10.146Overall21.6±8.823.2±9.30.05719.4±8.723.3±8.90.004*Table 2FSFI scores of women with and without LUTS and with and without SUI*P <0.05(Mann-Whitney U analysis)ConclusionThis is the first study in Japan to investigate the relationship between female sexual function and LUTS.Our results suggest that sexual dysfunction is related to SUI.Sexual dysfunction may be a prevalent and distressing problem in Japanese women with urinary incontinence,affecting sexual quality of life.Sexual and urinary dysfunction should be evaluated routinely,and we should care for female sexual dysfunction in the same way as we care for urinary dysfunction.Conflicts of interest None.References1.Terai A,Matsui Y,Ichioka K,Ohara H,Terada N,Yoshimura K(2004)Comparative analysis of lower urinary tract symptoms and bother in both sexes.Urology63:487–4912.Weber AM,Walters MD,Schover LR,Mitchinson A(1995)Sexual function in women with uterovaginal prolapse and urinary incontinence.Obstet Gynecol85:483–4873.Temml C,Haidinger G,Schmidbauer J,Schatzl G,MadersbacherS(2000)Urinary incontinence in both sexes:prevalence rates and impact on quality of life and sexual life.Neurourol Urodyn 19:259–2714.Gordon D,Groutz A,Sinai T,Wiezman A,Lessing JB,David MP,Aizenberg D(1999)Sexual function in women attending a urogynecology clinic.Int Urogynecol J10:325–3285.Barber MD,Visco AG,Wyman JF,Fantl JA,Bump RC,Continence Program for Women Research Group(2002)Sexual function in women with urinary incontinence and pelvic organ prolapse.Obstet Gynecol99:281–2896.Rogers GR,Villarreal A,Kammerer-Doak D,Qualls C(2001)Sexual function in women with and without urinary incontinence and/or pelvic organ prolapse.Int Urogynecol J Pelvic Floor Dysfunct12:361–3657.Sutherst JR(1979)Sexual dysfunction and urinary incontinence.Br J Obstet Gynaecol86:387–3888.Cohen BL,Barboglio P,Gousse A(2008)The impact of lowerurinary tract symptoms and urinary incontinence on female sexual dysfunction using a validated instrument.J Sex Med5(6):1418–1423 9.Ingber MS,Ibrahim IA,Killinger KA,Diokno AC,Peters KM(2009)Neuromodulation and female sexual function:doestreatment for refractory voiding symptoms have an added benefit?Int Urogynecol J Pelvic Floor Dysfunct20(9):1055–105910.Coyne KS,Margolis MK,Brewster-Jordan J,Sutherland SE,Bavendam T,Rogers RG(2007)Evaluating the impact of overactive bladder on sexual health in women:what is relevant?J Sex Med4(1):124–13611.Omotosho TB,Rogers RG(2009)Shortcomings/strengths of specificsexual function questionnaires currently used in urogynecology:a literature review.Int Urogynecol J20:51–5612.Rosen R,Brown C,Heiman J,Leiblum S,Meston C,Shabsigh R,Ferguson D,D’Agostino R Jr(2000)The Female Sexual Function Index(FSFI):a multidimensional self-report instrument for the assessment of female sexual function.J Sex Marital Ther26:191–20813.Salonia A,Zanni G,Nappi RE,Briganti A,DehòF,Fabbri F,Colombo R,Guazzoni G,Di Girolamo V,Rigatti P,Montorsi F (2004)Sexual dysfunction is common in women with lower urinary tract symptoms and urinary incontinence:results of a cross-sectional study.Eur Urol45:642–64814.Sen I,Onaran M,Aksakal N,Acar C,Tan MO,Acar A,Bozkirli I(2006)The impact of urinary incontinence on female sexual function.Adv Ther23:999–100815.Barber MD,Dowsett SA,Mullen KJ,Viktrup L(2005)Theimpact of stress urinary incontinence on sexual activity in women.Cleve Clin J Med72:225–23216.Pace G,Vicentini C(2009)Female sexual function evaluation ofthe tension-free vaginal tape(TVT)and transobturator suburethral tape(TOT)incontinence surgery:results of a prospective study.J Sex Med5(2):387–39317.Kuhn A,Eggeman C,Burkhard F,Mueller MD(2008)Correctionof erosion after suburethral sling insertion for stress incontinence: results and related sexual function.Eur Urol56(2):371–376 18.Sentilhes L,Berthier A,Loisel C,Descamps P,Marpeau L,Grise P(2009)Female sexual function following surgery for stress urinary incontinence:tension-free vaginal versus transobturator tape proce-dure.Int Urogynecol J Pelvic Floor Dysfunct20(4):393–39919.Homma Y,Yamaguchi O,Hayashi K,Neurogenic Bladder SocietyCommittee(2006)Epidemiologic survey of lower urinary tract symptoms in Japan.Urology68:560–56420.Kim YK,Seo JT,Yoon(2005)The effect of overactive bladdersyndrome on the sexual quality of life in Korean young and middle aged women.Int J Impot Res17(2):158–16321.Mouritsen L(2009)Pathophysiology of sexual dysfunction asrelated to pelvic floor disorders.Int Urogynecol J20(Suppl1): S19–S2522.Jiann B-P,Su C-C,Yu C-C,Wu TT,Huang J-K(2009)Riskfactors for individual domains of female sexual function.J Sex Med6:3364–337523.Verit FF,Verit A,Yeni E(2006)The prevalence of sexual dysfunctionand associated risk factors in women with chronic pelvic pain:a cross-sectional study.Arch Gynecol Obstet274:297–302。
大学英语六级模拟测试题model-text10
Model Test FivePart I Writing(30minutes)Directions:For this part,you are allowed30minutes to write a short essay on social skills.Your essay should include the importance of social skills and measures to be taken to cultivate social skills.You are required to write at least150words but no more than200words.Part II Listening Comprehension(30minutes)Section ADirections:In this section,you will hear three news reports.At the end of each news report,you will hear two or three questions.Both the news report and the questions will be spoken only once.After you hear a question,you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A),B),C)and D).Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet1with a single line through the centre.Questions1to4are based on the conversation you have just heard.1.A)A car accident.B)An earthquake.C)A train accident.D)A plane accident.2.A)He gave the man some water to drink.B)He called the ambulance immediately.C)He called the police first.D)He gave the man first aid.3.A)Those who are suffering from choking.B)Those who are suffering from minor scratches.C)Those who are suffering from cancer.D)Those who are suffering from diabetes.4.A)It may cure the disease.B)It may one from punishment.C)It may save one’s life.D)It may help one escape unhurt.Questions5to8are based on the conversation you have just heard.5.A)It has got its name from a style of architecture.B)It has got its name from a kind of music.C)It has got its name from a tribe named Goths.D)It has got its name from a special art.6.A)Priests and worshipers.B)Some non-human entities.C)Kings and knights.D)Successful businessmen.7.A)Because mankind is always in search of fame.B)Because mankind is greedy for gold and youth.C)Because mankind is after forbidden knowledge.D)Because mankind believes that they can achieve everything.8.A)The narrative spirals towards the hidden truth.B)The narrative directly reveals the truth.C)The narrative is often a third-person narrator.D)The narrative often hides his own secrets.Section BDirections：In this section,you will hear two long conversations.At the end of each conversation,you will hearfour questions.Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once.After you hear a question,you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A),B),C),and D).Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet1with a single line through the centre.Questions9to11are based on passage you have just heard.9.A)An81-year-old Japanese woman’s technical life.B)An introduction to a traditional art in Japan.C)How exercise is linked to health.D)How to delay aging process.10.A)Because she is fond of new inventions.B)Because she is interested in preserving Japanese traditions.C)Because she is keen on technology and communication.D)Because she is good at keeping healthy.11.A)Keeping doing exercise.B)Playing computer games.C)Surfing the Internet.D)Having regular physical examination.Questions12to15are based on the passage you have just heard.12.A)Teaching non-native English learners.B)Providing various teaching methods to English teachers.C)Accepting more non-native English speaking students into kindergarten.D)Encouraging young students to spend more time learning English.13.A)There are more schools for Spanish-speaking students.B)More Spanish-speaking students think about going to college.C)The number of Spanish-speaking high school graduates has increased.D)More Spanish-speaking students can graduate from college.14.A)It attracts the federal’s attention to the issue.B)It makes federal money more accessible.C)It leads to better working conditions of teachers.D)It raises the number limit of new programs.15.A)Allowing them longer time to master the language.B)Teaching them reading and math in their native language.C)Using both English and their native language when teaching.D)Making them proficient in English before teaching them other subjects.Section CDirections:In this section,you will hear three recordings of lectures or followed by three or four questions.The recordings will be played only once.After you hear a question,you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A),B),C),D).Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet1with a single line through the centre.Questions16to18are based on the recording you have just heard.16.A)Most people love reading books on smartphones.B)Most people love reading The New York Times.C)Most people still love printed books.D)Most people have changed their taste for printed books.17.A)Visit a magnificent Gilded Age Manhattan library.B)Spend much time in book stores of all kinds.C)Borrow a lot of books from libraries.D)Buy a lot of books from book stores.18.A)He is a librarian.C)He is a businessman.B)He is an author.D)He is a bookseller.Questions19to22are based on the recording you have just heard.19.A)Those who can show their love romantically.B)Those who can speak American English.C)Those who can speak more than one language.D)Those who can learn a new language quickly.20.A)About one in four.C)About nine out of ten.B)About one in eight.D)About two-thirds.21.A)The one that has similar pronunciation with their mother tongue.B)The one that has similar spelling with mother tongue.C)The one that has similar grammar with their mother tongue.D)The one that is part of the same family as their mother tongue.22.A)Its use of a special pronunciation.B)Its use of the Cyrillic alphabet system.C)Its use of a totally different spelling.D)Its use of too many grammatical rules.Questions23to25are based on the recording you have just heard.23.A)Favorable.B)Doubtful.C)Critical.D)Reserved.24.A)Women are likely to have a longer life expectancy than men because of parenthood.B)Men’s life expectancy increases more than women because of parenthood.C)Women can expect to live18months longer than men because of parenthood.D)Men can expect to live2years longer than women because of parenthood.25.A)Married women.C)Unmarried women.B)Married men.D)Unmarried men.PartⅢReading Comprehension(40minutes)Section ADirections:In this section,there is a passage with ten blanks.You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage.Read the passage through carefully before making your choices.Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter.Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet2with a single line through the centre.You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.Questions26to35are based on the following passage.If you had to guess the organ that has undue influence on your emotions,your mood,even your choices,what would you guess?The brain?Sure,but what else?The heart—that__26__seat of the soul?Not quite.The stomach? You’re getting warmer.Would you believe it’s the trillions of bacteria—the microbiota(微生物群)—than live in your gut.Each of us__28__up to four and a half pounds of bacteria around in our guts at any given time.More than100trillion microbes live down there.That’s as many cells as make up the rest of your body.Now,this crowd is mostly good guys,and they do important work,to the extent that some scientists__29__classifying these collective microbiota as its own__30__.Aside from helping digest our food, they protect us from disease,neutralize some of the toxic by-products of the__31__process,and make it harder for bad bacteria to set up shop.In short,your gut does way more than just digest everything from Cheetos to Camembert.But it turns out gut bacteria may also__32__how we feel.Who knew the next__33__in mental well-being would lead right to the toilet?With that lively__34__in mind,we know here are various ways our microbiota are__35__to our mental health.A)advocate I)gathersB)affect J)imageC)attached K)irreplaceableD)carries L)mythicalE)collectively M)notoriouslyF)connected N)organG)digestive O)resultH)frontierSection BDirections:In this section,you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it.Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs.Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once.Each paragraph is marked with a letter.Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet2.Is Nutritious Food Really Pricier,and,If so,Is That Really the Problem?[A]Nobody disagrees:We Americans eat badly.We eat too many calories,too much highly processed food and not nearly enough vegetables.Why is that?Ask the question,and you get a lot of answers,which is appropriate for a lot of answers,which is appropriate for a matter as complex as a country’s diet.But one of the answers that bubbles to the top almost every time is that nutritious food just costs more.Does it?There are two relevant questions here.The first is empirical:Is healthful food more expensive?The second is behavioral:Is cost what stands between people and a better diet?[B]By one very straightforward measure,healthful eating does indeed cost more.If you look at cost per calorie,nutrient-dense vegetables and fruits cost far more on average,than the ubiquitous(普遍存在的)，nutrition-sparse sources of calories:refined grains(细粮)，sugar and vegetable oil.[C]The fact that vegetables are,on average,more expensive than,say,Doritos doesn’t mean you have to abandon the idea of healthful eating and head for the snack food aisle.Sugar-snap peas and asparagus may bring up the average price of produce,but there are inexpensive calories in the category,too.Think sweet potatoes.[D]An ordinary supermarket offers a variety of affordably priced calories to meet the daunting challenge of making your daily menu come in at under$4per person,the average benefit under the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program,informally referred to as food stamps.Sure enough,there are the usual suspects:the processed foods that are a microwave away from being a microwave away from being a microwave away from being a meal.Similarly,there was a frozen burrito(玉米煎饼)for14cents,canned beef ravioli for17cents and hot dogs for10cents.But the rock-bottom-cheapest meal option was instant ramen,at6cents,a price point so irresistible that I almost bought some.As inexpensive as it is,ramen isn’t the cheapest source of calories at the grocery store.That honor belongs to all-purpose flour and vegetable oil,both of which cost all of2cents per100 calories.[E]No matter how cheap the processed foods are,the raw materials that go into them are even cheaper.And, if those raw materials are so very cheap for us,imagine how cheap they are for Kraft.So cheap that the company can manufacture a food out of them,box it,ship it and market it,and still sell it for pennies.Even so,you almost always do better,cost-wise,when you buy the ingredients and cook them yourself,which is one of the reasons that upgrading to a decent may cost less than you think.A2013review of studies quantifying the price of a healthful vs. unhealthful diet found that the healthful version cost$1.48more per person,per day.[F]Although$1.48doesn’t sound like enough to make much difference in the quality of your diet,it can buy a variety of cheap,nutritious staples:peanut butter,whole-grain pasta,whole-wheat flour,eggs,rolled oats, pearled barley,corn flour,brown rice,dried black beans and unpopped popcorn.[G]In that list,we find the crux of the issue.The healthful meals you can make at a price point that competes with ramen are anchored by rice,beans and whole grains.And,if you have time and skill,you can combine thosewith foods that cost a more,such as chicken thighs(13cents),sweet potatoes(38cents),carrots(30cents),frozen corn(25cents),walnuts(30cents),yogurt(36cents)or frozen broccoli(63cents),and eat pretty well for under$4per day.[H]Before we go on,let’s spend a moment on subsidies.Although farm subsidies have certainly had an impact on the price of staples,that impact is dwarfed by the inherent costs of growing crops as different as corn and broccoli.In that particular case,broccoli costs50times what corn does to grow.It’s also important to note that the same commodity programs that affect corn and soy subsidize rolled oats,pearled barley,lentils,peanut butter and whole-wheat bread.Although I’m in favor of revamping(修改)those programs,they can’t shoulder all the blame for ramen.[I]Back to our dinner of chicken,carrots and black beans,and to the single parent on a very limited budget, who has the challenge of trying to carve out the time to make it,only to have her kids complain that what they really want is instant ramen.[J]Adam Drewnowski,director of the University of Washington’s Center,tells me in an email,“Obesity is almost entirely an economic issue,and the higher cost of healthier foods is the main problem,”but he acknowledges that factors other than money come into play.He mentions two in particular:skill and time,which can feed you well if money is short supply.[K]So,sure,it’s possible to make a healthful dinner on a SNAP budget,but the other resources required—time and skill—may be in short supply as well.Tonja Nansel,a senior investigator at the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development,points out that,if cost were the major barrier,we’d expect higher-income groups to eat much better than lower-income groups.“The difference in diet quality isn’t that big,”says Nansel,although it’s hard to determine exactly what the difference is because of the limitations of data based on people’s ability to remember what they ate yesterday.A2013study that attempted to quantify that difference found that the lowest-income group did indeed eat less-nutritious diets than the wealthiest group,but if you compare the lowest with the next group up,the diets are extremely similar.It’s not until you get to five times the poverty level that diets improve,and even then it’s not a big jump.If cost were the primary driver of poor diets,we’d expect a significant income boost to correspond to a significant improvement in diet,particularly since a meaningful improvement can be had for$1.48per day.[L]Nobody I’ve talked to disputes that cost is an issue.Likewise,nobody disputes that convenience and preference are also issues.But it’s hard to say what’s most important.“Most people prefer the taste of ramen to brown rice.They prefer chips to kale,”says Nansel.“The fact that we would rather not have to look at some of those other reasons is part of reason cost gets so much traction.”Food isn’t just nutrition.Food is pleasure, something very-low-income people have very few sources of,says Nansel.That doesn’t mean we shouldn’t tackle cost at a policy level,she adds.“If we can make healthful food more affordable and accessible,we ought to.”[M]Looking at cost as a barrier to eating well is much more comfortable than looking at preference,which smacks of blaming the victim.The idea that our lousy diet was perpetrated on us,with the poor as the most vulnerable,gets around that problem.But until we acknowledge that we—rich and poor—are complicit in our food supply,that we help shape it every time we buy food we want to eat,we’re unlikely to improve it.36.A study indicates that no significant price differences were seen between nutritious diet and unwholesomeone.37.According to one expert,the differences in diet quality between the rich and the poor are not as obvious asexpected.pared with the farm subsidies,the built-in costs of growing crops have a bigger impact on the price ofstaples.39.For the poor,food can bring satisfaction and a sense of pleasure in addition to nutrition.40.It’s easier to blame on costs and other external factors than on our own preference on food for our unhealthydiet.41.It’s generally thought that the main reason for the American’s unhealthy eating habits is the cost of nutritiousfood.42.No food is cheaper than all-purpose flour and vegetable oil as sources of calories in a common supermarket.43.One expert claimed that higher cost of healthier foods was the leading reason of obesity,but it can be compensated by skill and time.44.When taking time to cook despite a busy schedule,a single mom probably will find her kids would rather eatinstant ramen.45.Having time and cooking skill,one could enjoy a wholesome meal on a very limited budget.Section CDirections:There are2passages in this section.Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements.For each of them there are four choices marked A),B),C)and D).You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet2with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions46to50are based on the following passage.Business cards have been around a long time in one form or another.The Chinese invented calling cards in the15th century to give people notice that they intended to visit.European merchants invented trade cards in the 17th century to act as miniature advertisements.Lots of companies try to turn their cards into miniature plugs for their products.Employees at Lego give out miniature plastic figures with their contact details stamped on them.McDonald’s business cards are shaped like a portion of fries.A Canadian divorce lawyer once gave out cards that can be torn in two—one half for each of the feuding spouses.Such tricks can quickly pall.For techno-utopians,they just go to show that the physical business card is in its death throes(垂死挣扎).After all,why bother exchanging bits of thick paper at all when you can simply swap electronic versions by smartphone?However,one can just as well argue the opposite:that business cards are here to stay,and in a blizzard(大风雪)of meetings and correspondence,it is more important than ever that your card stands out.Attempts to reinvent business cards for the digital age have got nowhere.That business cards are thriving in a digital age is a forceful reminder that there is much about business that is timeless.Take,for instance,the eternal and inescapable question of whether you can trust someone.The number of things that machines can do better than humans grows by the day.But they cannot look people in the eye and decide what sort of person they are.And they cannot transform acquaintanceships into relationships.A good deal of business life will always be about building social bonds—having dinner with people,playing sport with them,even getting drunk with them—and the more that machines take over the quantitative stuff more human beings will have to focus on the touchy-feely.The rapid advance of both globalization and virtualization means that this trust-building process is becoming ever more demanding.Managers have to work harder at establishing trust with people from different cultures: chief executives of global organizations routinely spend three out of every four weeks traveling.They also have to get better at using personal meetings to reinforce bonds that were first formed over the phone or internet.Here,business cards are doubly useful.They can be a quick way of establishing connections,and can also act as a physical reminder that you have actually met someone rather than just Googled them.Rifling(搜索)through piles of different cards helps to summon up memories of meetings in ways that simply looking through uniform electronic lists never would.46.The example of divorce lawyer’s cards is mentioned to_______.A)reveal the historical change of business cardsB)illustrate the function of cards as advertisementsC)display the ingenious designs of business cardsD)testify the effect of business cards is declining47.The word“pall”(Line1,Para.3)most probably means_______.A)to have effect B)to make troubles C)to become popular D)to lose appeal48.The reason why business cards cannot be replaced lies in_________.A)they help to build actual social bonds in business lifeB)they make the trust-building process more urgentC)they set people free from their quantitative routinesD)they bring more sentiments into the business contact49.It is implied in the last two paragraphs that_______.A)people from different cultures can hardly trust each otherB)it is impossible to establish trust over the phone or internetC)business cards remind people of their face-to-face contactD)uniform electronic lists may not help people get acquainted50.What is this passage mainly about?A)Why business cards thrive in digital age.B)When business cards will be replaced.C)How elaborately the cards can be designed.D)What business cards can help managers do.Passage TwoQuestions51to55are based on the following passage.A hard Brexit poses risks to the integrity of financial markets and could make it harder to protect consumers from wrongdoing by banks,the head of the city regulator has warned MPs.Andrew Bailey,chief executive of the Financial Conduct Authority,said a cliff-edge Brexit—one in which the regulatory framework changes the instant the UK leaves the EU—also presented competition risks,alongside threats to legal and market stability.In his latest letter to the Treasury Select Committee,Bailey said a sudden exit from the EU could make it difficult for regulators to obtain information about the firms they regulate.“Any lack of certainty with regard to the regulatory framework may affect the ability of the FCA,and perhaps other regulators,to take enforcement action as a means of both addressing and deterring misconduct,”said Bailey.He also highlighted the risks associated with the sudden loss of the“passport”that firms based in the EU use to operate freely within the28member states.Bailey has previously told the committee that5,476 UK-registered firms hold at least one passport to do business in another EU or EEA member state while just over8,000companies authorized in other EU states use these rules to do business in the UK.There was a risk,he said,that firms could and end up without the correct permissions to sell products or find themselves vulnerable to legal action if they were not able to meet pledges to provide services for customers.The FCA may not have enough time to process applications-which take about23weeks-if the loss of passporting is only agreed late in the negotiations.Former shadow chancellor Chris Leslie,a leading supporter of the Open Britain campaign,said:“The last thing post-Brexit Britain needs is to tie the hands of the Financial Conduct Authority behind their back.A hard Brexit doesn’t just risk pushing our economy over a cliff edge,it risks throwing robust regulation into the void as well.”“If we learned anything from the2008global economic crash,it is that a clear system of regulation for financial services is essential.It is deeply worrying that the people responsible for that in country are saying they will not be able to do their job properly if Britain crashes out of the EU without a transitional deal in place.”“When the financial watchdogs are themselves saying they will not be able to properly protect consumersfollowing a hard Brexit,the government needs to sit up and take notice.”“If the watchdog cannot watch financial transactions properly,we are leaving both peoples’finances and markets vulnerable to abuse.”51.What do we know about Andrew Bailey?A)He strongly opposes the hard Brexit.B)He calls for a clear regulatory system.C)He requires enhanced financial regulation.D)He predicts some post-Brexit problems.52.The data quoted in Paragraph Four illustrates______.A)the extensive influence of Brexit on businessB)the large amount of workload of the FCAC)the significance of acquiring the“passport”D)the enormous scale of the overseas market53.What may be the problem posed by a sudden loss of firms’“passport”?A)Restriction on travel around EU member states.B)Influence on the firms’ability to provide service.C)Increase of legal disputes in international trade.D)Extended time to deal with passport application.54.In the last two paragraphs,Chris Leslie emphasizes______.A)the urgency to reinforce the function of FCAB)the importance of a manifest regulatorsC)the responsibility of the financial regulatorsD)the necessity of the government’s involvement55.What can we learn about Chris Leslie’s position on the result of a hard Brexit?A)He provides proofs for Bailey’s view.B)He challenges Bailey’s conclusion.C)He poses a whole new insight.D)He echoes Bailey’s opinion on the issue.PartⅣTranslation(30minutes)Directions:For this part,you are allowed30minutes to translate a passage from Chinese intoEnglish.You should write your answer on Answer Sheet2.中国结（Chinese knot）是中国特有的手工编织工艺品，在中华民族艺术文化遗产中占据重要的地位。
JapaneseKanji（largecollection）（日本汉字（大集合））
Japanese Kanji (large collection)（日本汉字(大集合)）Japanese Chinese characters of Chinese is both familiar and unfamiliar, sometimes very convenient, but sometimes it will be very troublesome, not good words too literally will make a big joke. Don't believe it, Chinese ginseng is so expensive, Japan's "ginseng" cheap, I'll get you a car skin.Here are some of the words I collected and collected from my friends. I hope I can make a fresh start and join all of us.Serial Chinese characters (pronunciation) Chinese meaning1 and his San (and on the Hai San and customer)2 love (live on Valentine thou)3 () would love to socialize, compliment, entertainIn the 4 case (cancer - Live guide, actually) Notice5. (actually on's mental arithmetic)The other 6 (better, cancer) before and after the spring equinox, the three dayThe 7 trial (for examples on suspicious.)From time to time (8 examples) accident9 (cancer nursing, high residual balance)10 here (NE's pity, cancer) sorry, disappointedThe 11 (National U), Black Tea coffee shop12 difference (national discrimination analysis)13 dynasties (national will. Before actually ~ simple forms)14 (Hai Hai estate success speech).15 Chikan (UTI, cancer) eRomania16 Chikan (lady-killer), rogue17 Chi go (UTI for u delicious)18 output (. This feeling on the j output)(born 19. After estate) rise head and shoulders above others20 early (after complete surrender and.)21 Zhang (. After UTI j u).22 the beginning of the heart () (. J. Woman's Chan) for beginners, beginnersDivision 23 division (J's immediate consolidation.)24 bed (name, floor)25 bed room (and factory, barber shop, barber)26 (spring is in national as fans)27 rough bars (also thou RA).28 crude (for woman - gift)29 handle (and, and RA) large patterns30 generous (and, as for the public)Those 31 (nursing was last on radish)Those 32 yakusha (live, on the woman's importance was Chan hamfatter)33 black column (on the speech coding was that over the last kind of center)34 people (and, for the landlord)35 (national and and cassock) / rhetorical exaggerationThe 36 famous (Hai j u construct importance) around the princes37 hands (and, at large manufacturers, enterprises)38 husband (Hai j u immediate importance) no problem, never mind39 (for appropriate forms of Che origin, identity)40 authentic (construct UTI) onAll 41 (complete analysis period) cheap; opportunity; all things;42 ears (Pandora for immediate earlobe, construct the construct):Nimai Me (43 ~ to live as man)44 translation ('s translation, on)45 (woman's complete rest assured) tranceThe separation of 46 (immediate on Mount) collateral47 wind ship (examples complete estate on the balloon)48 service (with examples on the forms of imprisonment)49, floating (u guys with xianyisiqian)50 (, Che j u diverted) composition line51 liver and heart (as on's key)52 University (high school was complete was complete)53 blame me (hurt)54 of the contract (complete with longer period)55 (complete agreement period agreed to last)56 Sanchou Hu Hai (U San Hai on the national suspicion)57 China luxury (with Chan Chan slim.)The 58 is spent (as on terms with sixty birthday)The fire of 59 cars (on the better of the economic situation is not good in MA)60 kigen (with's) atmosphere, mood61 (with an urgent need to complete on the teapot)In 62 (KA Na HAI) wife63 jsgi (on mount and complete discussion)64 see things (construct period and wonderful)65 square (as for to construct the views and opinions)66 notes (was complete) class, course67 (complete or live account was one shift)68 cross fan (was complete speech on the police station)The 69 stage (KA Hai's importance to the stairs) 70 structure (after mount was complete enough) The end of 71 (down after, on the unity)72 programs (for examples as a turning point.)73 caution (with cancer. Cancer bimensiguo)74, Daniel (at last this accounting)75 (. J u's sophisticated vegetarian)76 A (, thou Che) stateThe 77 Survey (as on j u).78 letters (KA Hai U) good news79 old waste (U: Che immediate feeling waste)80 wife (complete speech) old woman81 wins (or on the kind of woman in j u)82 cold room (live longer terms air conditioning)83 Lotus ('s terms) porcelain spoon84 Liao (j u this dormitory)85 gold (j u with this material on tuition, fees, tax)86 left behind (in Japanese) in87 travel vouchers (J's passport at this)The 88 ad (RA on that over the last repeat)The sparrow (89 ~ - Chan's mahjong)90 buyer (as the last buyer)The 91 dream (UTI u bun Mutsu)92. (will live on the troubled guys)93 us (Hai was on the United States)94 (j u with barely on learning, cheap)95 ('s ki j u to learn)96 white (sweet and delicious moo.) interesting97 face down (as on U) trouble (things); help98 accept goods (complete delivery of better cancer)99 Nanmi (aka live on South America)100, (aka UTI U / J cancer) hearing ear101 (mud bar complete thief)Send this 102 years (and by this old man.)103 Niang San (better still will) girl104 women (and, to construct the boss)105 (complete nursing on greenhouse heating)The 106 criticism (j u better better) comments107 flesh (better in on) irony108, to (UTI) (with child feeling, atmosphere, mood UTI) 109 Kibun (with immediate cancer) feeling, atmosphere, mood 110, color (at woman with case)111 car train (with Chan.)112 (I live with soda water and sea water mix)113 (just as after wearing was complete)114 years ago (on ne's) last year115 strong (complete this period with the Porter)116 intelligence (j u complete information, news)117 (and this woman geomancer ~ this, on the board of directors, shareholders)118 interest (Environmental construct).119 ginseng (in cancer on carrot)The 120 men (in human cancer cancer)121 leresis (j u kidding cancer nursing)122 of the force (in this U J on input)Shao Shao (or 123 on the cake, with child, or on the zeta) jealous, jealousRoasted rice (with will, 124 fried rice.)125 (Shekou Chan UTI) tap126 students (Hai, Hai Kai Ki) the meaning of life127 - hand () (1) taiwan. (2) as the son. Thing。
走进日本系列 The Secrets of Longevity of Japanese Old People 日本老人长寿之谜
The Secrets of Longevity of Japanese Old People日本老人长寿之谜Statistic data by WHO indicate that Japan is one of the countries whose people live a long life in the world. Life expectancy of Japanese reaches 82. Its number of old people over 100 years old ranks first in the world. Dozens of longevity villages are scattered all over Japan. After we learned that life expectancy of Fukui Prefecture located in central region of Japan was of first-level in Japan, we decided to start our tour of exploring secrets of longevity in Japan from Fukui. This is Miyama Town of Fukui Prefecture. The first longevous man Toyota Saburo, who is a 102-year-old painter, we were going to visit today is living here. Unfortunately, he was not at home when we came to his place. His neighbor told us he might be in the mountain at this moment. Under her guidance, we did find him on a hill not far away. It was really a surprise that a 100-year-old man painted on a hill alone. To our view, it was a painting in itself that such an old man sat in the beautiful scenery. This green color is customized specially. That’s fantastic. Toyota Saburo was born in 1908. When he was in primary school, he liked painting very much. But later, he went to agriculture and forestry school and engaged in farming a fter graduation. He didn’t get a chance to paint until he was 75. Toyota Saburo told us that many fir trees on the hills nearby were planted by his father. After World War II ended, his father passed away. Every time looking at these fir trees, Toyota Saburo always feels a special affection to them. In the year when he was 101, he decided to draw these fir trees down. Since then, he always goes to paint on the hill. A tree just stands there powerfully. I must reflect its power in my painting. We didn’t know whether it was because of the unfavorable optical light or our interruption, he felt he was not quite into painting today, so he decided to go back home. When he stood up, we found it was not so easy for him to walk. Anyway, he was over 100 years old. But he politely refused our help, because he always did this by himself. Soon, he had put away his tools and then drove his electric wheelchair down the hill and went back home alone. In addition to painting, he also has many other hobbies in daily life. Doctor tells me that my blood circulation remains good, my muscle is as elastic as that of 70-year-old people, and my brain works like that of 40-year-old people. Why? Because I always read and write. I often use my brain. That’s really amazing a 102-year-old man can remain such good physical condition. However, when we asked how he kept health, he answered there was nothing special. He told us he was in poor health actually when he was in his forties and fifties, but he had become stronger after he learned painting and needed to carry painting tools and go painting in mountain. Now, he is quite confident about his body. I am already over 100 years old. I will continue to paint fir trees from now to my death. Fir trees are in diverse poses. I want to pain 100 pieces of painting. The big one was the first one I painted, and I have painted 30 pieces of painting from then on. I will keep painting until I finish 100 pieces of them. I began painting fir trees when I was 101, and I have already finished 30 pieces. I will paint 100 pieces. This is my plan. After a short visit, we said goodbye to Toyota Saburo and continued to visit other longevous people. The next station we were going to visit was another village in Fukui Prefecture. It is called Kuratsukuri Cyou. The village is small with only 45 households, about 200 people. But, there is a popular troupe. At 10:00 a.m., the troupe began rehearsal again. After all of its members had come, they would first sit down together, drinking tea and chatting as usual. There are 16 people in our village troupe which has only two actors, Yoshimura and me, and others are actresses. The oldest one is Matsumura Sadako who is 86 years old. She is the mainstay of our troupe. Among the troupe that consists of 16 old people, there are 5 people over 80 years old. The head of troupe, Hayashi Sachio is younger. But he is also 74 years old already. Therefore, the troupe is called Old Lady Troupe. What is the play the troupe of old people going to rehearse? After tea, the members were going to rehearse. They were dressing themselves, making up, and having many properties. They seemed very excited. That 86-year-old lady began to make up too.Though she was not good at it, she took it seriously. From a moment ago people were chatting together to now, the old lady hadn’t been talking to any other. It seemed that she was not good at conversation. Can she really act? Soon, everybody was ready. The dress rehearsal started. The head of troupe, Hayashi Sachio told us that the play was adapted by him according to the legend of the name of the village. The legend was about a diligent and kind-hearted couple who moved an infamous robber and made him turn a new leaf with their honesty and kindness. For it was about their village, people acted it with heart and soul. Very soon, that 86-year-old lady stepped on the stage. The one she acted was the robber who gave up evil and returned to good. She was the leading role in the play. Though she kept silence a while ago, at this moment she gave excellent performance when speaking her lines. Dear Mr. Cow, and all of you, I stole a cow from you when you were out watching. The humorous and plain performances of the old were favored by the villagers at first. Then the troupe became famous gradually and was invited to make tours. Since 2002 it was set up, the troupe had given nearly 200 performances. The old feels lonely when alone at home, while the troupe’s rehearsals and performances offer a chance for the old to get together and it is also good for their body and mind. That might be a good way for health and longevity. In this beautiful village, people are engaged in agriculture mainly. They are self-sufficiency in foodstuffs and vegetables. In addition, it is rich in forest resources. In Fukui Prefecture, the area of woods is 315,000 hectares, which covers 3 / 4 of the area of the whole prefecture. The mountain and the forest have given many gifts to people. Here is the Shichiken morning market of Ono City, Fukui Prefecture. The morning market, as well as the Ono City, has a long history of 430 years. The morning market offers fresh vegetables for people. You can know some secrets of meals of people in Fukui Prefecture. It should be mixed with sesame after being boiled. Do people here eat it often? Yes, we are familiar with it. It is wild? Or grown? These are wild. It can be used to make Tempura or mixed with sesame powder. Along this street, we also found that many shops have a pond with limpid water in front of gate. The water is pouring from a deep place under the ground. This is an ancient well, and its water is tasty and refreshing. The water in the wells that is available to people at all time has been identified by Fukui Prefecture that it contains plentiful mineral substances and tastes cool and sweet. The local people drink the water in their daily life. The alcohol that is made from the water and local rice corn is a popular special product. In Fukui Prefecture, there are not only fertile land, dense forest and clear spring water, but also a coastline as long as 406 kilometers where produces various nutritious marine food products. Some of them even are unique in the world. The Toujinbou, in the north of Fukui Prefecture, produces a special crab, Echizen Crab. This kind of crab which is famous for its long legs only lives in deep sea. They grow up completely with more than 20 years after dozen times’ exuviations. A best Echizen Crab can be priced 26,000 yen, that is about RMB 2,000. It might be the best expensive crab in Japan. The Echizen Crab can’t be raised by man. Only in winter when the Echizen Crabs lay their eggs in the neritic sea, people get a chance to catch them. During the fishing season from November to March of the next year, you are lucky enough to taste the delicious Echizen Crab. According to the statistics of the delicacies ranking list of Japan, the natural delicacy of Fukui Prefecture ranks the first, and Fukui Prefecture is called “Treasure-house of Delicacies”. That might be a strong supporter of the general longevity of old people in Fukui Prefecture. In Japan, Fukui Prefecture is not the only one producing beautiful scene and delicacies. This village called Ainokura lies in the valley of Hida Takeyama which is in the middle of Japan. In 1995, this village which has more than 800 years’ history w as listed in the World Cultural Heritage list for its special palm-shaped buildings. The ancient and plain feelings and the fresh air attract many tourists. The 80-year-old Ikebata Toshinori runs a Family Inn in Ainokura. All affairs in the inn are handled by her own. Every morning, she has to drive a car to buy some necessaries outside the village. Today, Ikebata Toshinori went down the hill mainly to buy tofu. The tofu made in a traditional way is very popular here, especially the tofu in this time honored shop. It is made of the spring water flowing from the mountain and the handpicked local soybean. It is nutritious and so strong that it can even be takenaway with hemp rope. Tofu is very popular among local people. There is a special custom here that the tofu is a necessary dish when any happy event happens in a family. Therefore, whenever comes a guest, Ikebata Toshinori always goes down the hill to buy some. Soon after returning, Ikebata Toshinori went outside again. This time, she pushed a wheelbarrow to the mountain behind her house. Though the Ainokura Village is a famous tourist attraction where many of the villagers run their own inns or stores, but they still keep a traditional living style all the time. Almost every family has a woodland in the mountain behind their houses. The vegetables in the woodland grow thickly in a half-wild way. Is the vegetable for eating coming from mountain? Yes. Come and look. There are many kinds of them. For the wild vegetable, first is the osmunda, then the bracken and the mustard. You would know what it is at the first sight. I pick it when I see it. There are so many of them. The fresh and green wild vegetables don’t need complex processing, but be pickled several days in traditional way, and then they will be turn into unique delicacies. The wild vegetables that the villagers eat often is special and popular to tourists. And it is an indispensable dish for Ikebata Toshinori to entertain tourists. In the afternoon, Ikebata Toshinori began to prepare dinners that possess local characteristics to guests. She has been running this inn for more than 40 years and is busy every day. Though she is old now, she still deals with the affairs of inn and never think of retirement for her son and daughter-in-law have to manage another tourist shop during the day. So, does she have any secret for keeping good health and longevity? Do you have any secret for longevity? There are many people older than me. But you look healthy now. Yes, I am healthy. Do you have any secret? No special secret. Here has fresh air and excellent environment, so many old people like me are healthy. When the night falls on the village, sometimes there are Kokiriko dance. Many of the dancers are the old people in the village. That is a dance that the ancients danced to pray harvests and extend the gratitude to the God. It has a history of more than 1,300 years. Now, this original traditional dance is hard to be found in other places. We hope that it can be spread together with the natural and healthy living style of villagers in this ancient and plain village. If the old people in Japanese villages obtain health and longevity benefiting from the nice ecological environment and the natural and pollution-free diet. And what are the secrets of longevity of the old people living in cities? On every Sunday night, the martial arts venue of Chiaki Middle School of Ichinomiya City, Aichi Prefecture offers course of kendo. Today, the teacher is the vice director-general of Kendo Association of Aichi Prefecture, Mr. Aoyama Sadao. He won applause by demonstrating only a few actions. When he took off the helmet, we realized the meaning of applause. Aoyama Sadao is 84 years old now. But he insists on practicing kendo and giving lessons to students every week. I keep accompany with kendo in my whole life which can be called kendo life. Since 2006 when my wife passed away, I’d been living alone. I practice kendo three times a week. I practiced it every day in the past. I practiced it every day before I was 80. Though practicing kendo only requires a shinai which is safer and has a more thorough defense. This sport requires an explosive force and a sense of judgment. Aoyama Sadao is 84 years old and insists on practicing. And what secrets of longevity does he have? I think the secret is that I have been practicing kendo since middle school. And I feel happy to tutor children, that benefits my health. To Aoyama Sadao, kendo is the origin of energy. He won’t stop learning in his life. We made friends with many old people during the tour of exploring secrets of longevity in central region of Japan. From mountain to seaside, from village to city, the old people have different living environment, life experience and personal preference. But we found that they share a common feature that in their remaining years, they won’t stop walking but continue to pursue their life goal. It might be the real meaning and joy of longevity. 世界卫生组织的统计数据表明日本是世界上最长寿的国家之一。
100-Year-OldJapaneseWomanSetsSwimmingRecord
100-Year-OldJapanese Woman SetsSwimmingRecordAs we age, we often take longer to recover from injuries. That is, for some people.After a Japanese woman suffered a knee injury, she became a competitive swimmer – at age 88.Nearing the age of 101 has not slowed down one Japanese woman. In fact, in the swimming pool -- she is only getting faster.Recently, a 100-year-old Japanese woman became the world's first centenarian to complete a 1,500-meter freestyle swimming competition in a25-meter pool.Her name is Mieko Nagaoka. Ms. Nagaoka set a world record for her age group at a recent Japan Masters Swimming Association event in the western city of Matsuyama. She swam the race in one hour, 15 minutes and 54 seconds.By comparison, the overall female world record holder completed the same distance in just under 15 and a half minutes. But that swimmer, Katie Ledecky, is only 17 years old.And Ms. Nagaoka was not competing against her. In fact, Ms. Nagaoka was the only competitor in the 100-104 year old category. Her race was not a race of speed but of endurance, or not giving up.Many times a championBreaking swimming records is nothing new to Ms. Nagaoka. So far she has broken 25 records. But she began competing when she was much younger – at 88.Ms. Nagaoka suffered a knee injury in her 80s, so she began swimming to help her body recover. Since her first international swimming competition, she hasn't looked back, except maybe to see if her competition is catching up.In 2002, at a masters swim meet in New Zealand, Ms. Nagaoka took the bronze medal in the 50-meter backstroke. In 2004, she won three silver medals at an Italian swim meet.Masters swimming is a special class of competitive swimming to promote health and friendship among participants. Swimmers compete within age groups of five years.Ms. Nagaoka says she is a serious swimmer and a serious competitor. An article from the Reuters news service quotes her profile on theinternational swimming website FINA,saying Ms. Nagaoka trains four times a week for two hours at a time.Does Japan have a secret?Japan has a large number of people who live beyond 100 years old.Until she passed away this month, the oldest person in the world was also from Japan. Misao Okawa was born in 1898. She said her secrets for longevity, or long life, were good genes, regular sleep, sushi and exercise.I'm Anna Matteo.。
Women's kimonos
Women's kimonosToday, kimono are most often worn by women, and on special occasions. Traditionally, unmarried women wore a style of kimono called furisode振袖, with almost floor-length sleeves, on special occasions. A few older women and even fewer men still wear the kimono on a daily basis. Men wear the kimono most often at weddings, tea ceremonies, and other very special or very formal occasions. Professional sumo wrestlers are often seen in the kimono because they are required to wear traditional Japanese dress whenever appearing in public.Many modern Japanese women lack the skill to put on a kimono unaided: the typical woman's kimono outfit consists of twelve or more separate pieces that are worn, matched, and secured in prescribed ways, and the assistance of licensed（许可的）professional kimono dressers may be required. Called upon mostly for special occasions, kimono dressers both work out of hair salons and make house calls.Choosing an appropriate type of kimono requires knowledge of the garment's symbolism and subtle social messages, reflecting the woman's age, marital status, and the level of formality of the occasion.Furisode（振袖):furisode literally translates as swinging sleeves—the sleeves of furisode average between 39 and 42 inches (1,100 mm) in length. Furisode are the most formal kimono for unmarried women, with colorful patterns that cover the entire garment. They are usually worn at coming-of-age ceremonies (seijin shiki) and by unmarried female relatives of the bride at weddings and wedding receptions.Hōmongi(訪問着):literally translates as visiting wear. Characterized by patterns that flow over the shoulders, seams and sleeves, hōmongi rank slightly higher than their close relative, the tsukesage. Hōmongi may be worn by both married and unmarried women; often friends of the bride will wear hōmongi at weddings (except relatives) and receptions. They may also be worn to formal parties.Pongee Hōmongi were made to promote kimono after WWII. Pongee（绸）is used for casual clothes, so they are not for formal occasions no matter how expensive they are.Iromuji (色無地):single-colored kimono that may be worn by married and unmarried women. They are mainly worn to tea ceremonies. The dyed silk may be figured (rinzu, similar to jacquard提花织物), but has no differently colored patterns.Komon (小紋):"fine pattern". Kimono with a small, repeated pattern throughout the garment. This style is more casual and may be worn around town, or dressed up with a formal obi for a restaurant. Both married and unmarried women may wear komon.Edo komon(江戸小紋):is a type of komon characterized by tiny dots arranged in dense patterns that form larger designs. The Edo komon dyeing technique originated with the samurai （旧时日本的武士）class during the Edo period. A kimono with this type of pattern is of the same formality as an iromuji, and when decorated with kamon, may be worn as visiting wear (equivalent to a tsukesage or hōmongi).MofukuMofuku is formal mourning dress for men or women. Both men and women wear kimono of plain black silk with five kamon over white undergarments and white tabi. For women, the obi and all accessories are also black. Men wear a subdued obi and black and white or black and gray striped hakama with black or white zori.The completely black mourning ensemble 全套服装is retglsr ëĚĴ and others who are close to the deceased已故的. Tomesode留袖Irotomesode(色留袖): single-color kimono, patterned only below the waistline. Irotomesode are slightly less formal thankurotomesode, and are worn by married women, usually close relatives of the bride and groom at weddings. Anirotomesode may have three or five kamon.Kurotomesode(黒留袖): a black kimono patterned only below the waistline, kurotomesode are the most formal kimono formarried women. They are often worn by the mothers of the bride and groom at weddings. Kurotomesode usuallyhave five kamon printed on the sleeves, chest and back of the kimono.Tsukesage(付け下げ): has more modest patterns that cover a smaller area—mainly below the waist—than the more formal hōmongi.They may also be worn by married women.The differences from homongi is the size of the pattern, seam connection, and not same clothes at inside and outside at "hakke." As demitoilet, not used in important occasion, but light patterned homongi is more highly rated than classic patterned tsukesage. General tsukesage is often used for parties, not ceremonies.UchikakeUchikake is a highly formal kimono worn only by a bride or at a stage performance. The Uchikake is often heavily brocaded 织棉的and is supposed to be worn outside the actual kimono and obi, as a sort of coat. One therefore never ties the obi around the uchikake. It is supposed to trail along the floor, this is also why it is heavily padded along the hem. The uchikake of the bridal costume is either white or very colorful often with red as the base color.Susohiki / HikizuriThe susohiki is mostly worn by geisha 艺妓or by stage performers of the traditional Japanese dance. It is quite long, compared to regular kimono, because the skirt is supposed to trail along the floor. Susohiki literally means "trail the skirt".Where a normal kimono for women is normally 1.5–1.6 m (4.7–5.2 ft) long, a susohiki can be up to 2 m (6.3 ft) long. This is also why geisha and maiko 舞妓lift their kimono skirt when walking outside, also to show their beautiful underkimono or "nagajuban" .Kanzashi(簪) are hair ornaments点缀worn by women. Many different styles exist, including silk flowers, wooden combs, and jade 玉hairpins发夹.Zōri(草履) are traditional sandals worn by both men and women, similar in design to flip-flops[disambiguation needed]. Their formality ranges from strictly informal to fully formal. They are made of many materials, including cloth, leather, vinyl 乙烯基and woven grass, and can be highly decorated or very simpleYukata(浴衣) is an unlined kimono-like garment for summer use, usually made of cotton, linen, or hemp. Y ukata are strictly informal, most often worn to outdoor festivals, by men and women of all ages. They are also worn at onsen (hot spring) resorts, where they are often provided for the guests in the resort's own pattern.Women's yukata are distinguished by the long ~20cm sleeve extension from the armpit 腋窝seam.Why Do Japanese Women Wear Kimonos?Traditional Ceremonies and HolidaysWomen often wear kimonos for special holidays and occasions, including New Year, ikebana class (Japanese flower arranging插花课), tea ceremonies, graduation ceremonies and Shichi-Go-San, a rite of passage ceremony for girls of ages three and seven, and boys of ages three and five.WeddingsKimonos are often worn by Japanese brides, who go through several costume changes during a wedding. One of the pieces she wears is a white, embroidered 绣花kimono with an elaborate headpiece called a shiromuku. The fabric used for this type of kimono is heavier than that used for other types.FuneralsWomen and men wear a black kimono at funerals. While men also wear black kimonos for weddings, the difference is the tie they wear: a white tie is worn for weddings and a black tie is worn with funeral kimonos. Coming of AgeTurning 20 is seen as a woman's coming of age in Japanese culture. Consequently, women celebrating their 20th birthday during the year will often wear a brightly colored kimono in January. Sometimes, the young women will accessorize with a feathered boa sash.Older WomenThose who wear kimonos most often are older women, as they are more likely to own a nice one and know how to put it on, which is a complicated procedure. Younger women learn how to wear one from their mother or grandmother, or they may attend a kimono school.How to Wear a Japanese Kimono？1 Put on a pair of white tabi socks日式厚底短袜, which have a split between the big and second toe so that they can be comfortably worn with thong sandals人字拖.2 Put on the underskirt and collared 有卷领的shirt referred to as juban. If you do not wish to wear theseundergarments, opt for an eri-sugata, or white collar for the neck all by itself.3 Wear the kimono, centering the back seam. Wrap the right side of the kimono over the body. Drape 褶皱the left side on top of the right side.4 Straighten the white collar so that it sits evenly 均匀地on the neck, directly below the kimono collar.5 Grasp the material at your waist. Pull upward on the material until the kimono ends at your ankles.6 Do not let go of the excess material at your waist. Place the thinner koshi-himo belt below the excess material. Cross the two ends of the belt behind your back. Bring the two ends back to the front and tie them together.7 Smooth out excess material at the waist, moving the bulk of it to the sides. Keep doing so until the material in the front and back of the kimono becomes smooth. Move the excess material down so that it covers the koshi-himo belt.8 Wrap the wider date-jime belt over the koshi-himo belt. Tie the date-jime belt in the front, making sure that the overlapping 重叠kimono sides remain visible below the belt. Any excess fabric should now be hanging evenly below the belt.。
100-year-oldJapaneseswims1,500metersinmastersmeet
100-year-oldJapaneseswims1,500metersinmastersmeet(Xinhua) 10:32, April 05, 2015Email|PrintTOKYO, April 5 -- Mieko Nagaoka, a 100-year-old Japanese female swimmer, finished a 1,500 meters swim in one hour, 15 minutes and 54.39 seconds in the masters swimming competition in Matsuyama, western Japan, on Saturday.Mieko Nagaoka, born in 1914 and who lives alone in south Japan, took up swimming at the age of 82 to recover from a knee injury. Her story teaches us a simple but often overlooked lesson -- it's never too late to start something new and succeed.In the beginning, Nagaoka didn't know how to swim. She used to come to the swimming pool to do exercises for her knee. At 82, she started to learn and swim on her own. Because she performs in a Noh -- Japanese traditional dancing dramas, this was also an incentive to learn how to swim so that she would keep in shape for the plays.Aged 100, she is now Japan's oldest swimmer and even comes to compete at the FINA masters world championships. When she was 84 years old, Nagaoka started masters swimming in Japan. At 88, she made her first appearance at the masters worlds in 2002 in Christchurch of New Zealand and took the bronze in the 50m backstroke. She was back for more in 2004 in Riccione of Italy where she won three silver medals (50m, 100m and 200m backstroke).She achieved national recognition in Japan when at 90 she set a national record in her pet event, the 800m freestyle. Freshfrom her success, she started training with a coach, taking private lessons and trying to improve her record-breaking performance.Her endeavors have paid off since at 95, she brought it to a whole new level, creating her first masters world record in the 50m backstroke. She currently holds 24 world records and plans to win more medals in both long and short course.Nagaoka trains four times a week, each for two hours. She actually likes longer distances because she swims slowly and is able to keep her own pace.In Nagaoka's family, swimming transcends every generation, from her son to grandchildren, and she strongly encourages other swimmers to keep swimming as long as possible.(For the latest China news, Please follow People's Daily on Twitter and Facebook)(Editor:Yuan Can,Bianji)Add your commentRelated reading•Swimmer Sun Yang shut out of local top 10 voting•World highest altitude swimming race kicks off•They deserve no less than 'splendid'•China claims two titles at FINA Synchronized Swimming World Trophy•FINA Synchro Swimming World Trophy to kick off in Beijing We Recommend•China's J-10 fighter pilots shine in Malaysia•Chengdu flight attendants in uniforms and daily clothes•Hard Kungfu: former Shaolin disciple drills his head•Beauty with brains•Beijing in 24 hours•Female soldiers in a missile launching company•Troops stationed on China-Myanmarborder after bombing incident•Mixed blood, through the eyes of photographer•Skywalk built over valley in Chongqing。
Old-fashionedbutmoderntubecervicalesophagostomy
How I do itOld-fashioned but modern tube cervical esophagostomy Fumiyo Higaki,M.D.*,Masahiro Oishi,M.D.,Takaya Higaki,M.D.,Yuu Hayata,M.D.Department of Surgery,Tottori Municipal Hospital,1-1Matoba,Tottori680-8501,JapanManuscript received June24,2005;revised manuscript November9,2005AbstractBackground:Nasogastric tubes(NGT)are used widely for feeding and decompressions of stomach,but they are associated with several complications and discomfort.When prolonged use of NGT is required,percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy(PEG)should be considered. However,PEG is not feasible for patients with previous gastrectomy.We have performed tube cervical esophagostomy(TCE)for such difficult cases of PEG.Methods:The current study focused on7patients requiring TCE for feeding or decompression from2004to2005at Tottori Municipal Hospital in Japan.Results:The procedure is relatively simply to perform under local anesthesia and significant complications were not experienced. Conclusions:Feeding or decompressive TCE is useful alternative procedure in patients where PEG is not feasible or unacceptable.©2006 Excerpta Medica Inc.All rights reserved.Keywords:Tube cervical esophagostomy;Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy;Feeding tube;Nasogastric tube;Decompression;TerminalNasogastric tubes(NGT)are occasionally used for prolonged periods in hospitalized patients,but in general they are suitable for short-term use because they can cause patients discomfort or complication.When it seems that a patient requires pro-longed use of NGT(Ͼ30days),percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy(PEG)should be considered.PEG has become established as the optimal method of feeding or decompression since its introduction into clinical practices[1].However,we frequently face technically difficult PEG in patients with previous subtotal gastrectomy,in patients with gastric cancer involving the anterior wall of the stomach, and in patients with interfered organ in puncture route.For such patients in whom PEG is not feasible,we selected tube cervical esophagostomy(TCE).In this report we describe our technique and experience with TCE. PatientsFrom2004to2005,7patients underwent TCE at Tottori Municipal Hospital in Japan.One patient had decompres-sion of the gastrointestinal tract.A58-year-old man with gastric cancer was treated by distal gastrectomy,but the cancer recurred.He showed malignant ileus of carcinoma-tosis and underwent laparotomy twice for palliative bypass. PEG was not feasible due to small residual stomach and bowel adhesion.The remaining6patients underwent the tube feeding.Details of these patients are listed in Table1. TechniqueThe modified technique originally described by Klopp was used in our series[2].All our cases were performed as an isolated procedure under local anesthesia with light se-dation.One percent lidocaine hydrochloride is infiltrated in the subcutaneous tissue,the cervical fascia,and the carotid sheath.The total dose of1%lidocaine hydrochloride is under15mL in most cases.Our surgical technique is as follows.An oblique5-cm incision is made along the anterior border of the left ster-nocleidomastoid muscle.The sternocleidomastoid muscle is retracted laterally and the strap muscles are retracted medi-ally.Opening the carotid sheath,the carotid artery,jugular vein,and vagus nerve are identified and retracted laterally. By general blunt dissection with the indexfinger on the prevertebral muscles and fascia,the dorsal wall of the esophagus can be easily identified.This prevertebral space*Corresponding author.Tel.:ϩ81-857-37-1522;fax:ϩ81-857-37-1553.E-mail address:****************.ne.jpThe American Journal of Surgery192(2006)385–3870002-9610/06/$–see front matter©2006Excerpta Medica Inc.All rights reserved.doi:10.1016/j.amjsurg.2006.06.002is avascular and safe.The dorsal wall of the esophagus is cleared and then pulled out laterally by forceps (Fig.1).Mobilization of the esophagus is only made at the prever-tebral space to avoid injury of the recurrent laryngeal nerve,which is in the esophageal tracheal groove.After mobiliza-tion,the left lateral wall of the esophagus is minimally and carefully denuded to gain space for inserting the tube.The recurrent laryngeal nerve is not intentionally exposed but automatically mobilized anteriorly with the thyroid gland and trachea.The approach route is shown in Fig.2.We make a 0.5-cm longitudinal incision in the dorsal to left lateral wall of the esophagus and insert the 16-F Levin tube through this opening of the esophagus into the stomach under the fluoroscope.A purse string suture is placed around the tube and the skin incision is closed loosely to act as a drain.The Levin tube is brought through the skin incision.The Penrose drain is placed in the dissected mentsThe procedure of TCE was first reported as a case report in 1951by Klopp [2].In 1960,some authors presenteddetail and illustration of this method and reviewed their large series [3,4].Thereafter,TCE was not only performed as isolate procedure but also as a combined procedure with radical neck procedure by head and neck surgeons.In 1980,Gauderer et al first described PEG [1]and this procedure has gained widespread acceptance.Because of the clinical practice of PEG,isolated TCE has been under-utilized and forgotten.In 2004,Mack et al reported the decompressive use of TCE for a patient with gastrointestinal tract obstruction accompanied with linnitis plastica gastric cancer.Attempts at inserting a gastrostomy tube failed in this case [5].In our study,all 7patients were contraindicated for PEG for some reason such as prior gastrectomy,gastric cancer,or bowel adhesion.We performed PEG in 65patients in the same period.Thus,in our hospital,about 10.8%of patients requiring PEG were contraindicated.TCE should be con-sidered in such patients who are not feasible for PEG.TCE may be an old-fashioned and forgotten procedure at the present time,but it is paradoxically a modern techniqueTable 1Details of patients for tube feeding (n ϭ6)Patient Age (y)Sex Cause of dysphagia Reason for contraindication of PEG 189M Cerebral infarction Gastric cancer involving anterior wall 283M Dementia Previous subtotal gastrectomy 378M Dementia Previous subtotal gastrectomy 479M DementiaPrevious subtotal gastrectomy 598M Cerebral infarction Prior peritonitis675MParkinson diseaseInterfered organ in puncture routeM ϭmale;PEG ϭpercutaneous endoscopicgastrostomy.Fig.1.Operation technique.The wall of esophagus is pulled out laterally by forceps.We make a longitudinal incision in the dorsal to lateral wall of the esophagus and insert the Levin tube through this opening of theesophagus.Fig.2.The approach route.By blunt dissection with index finger on the prevertebral muscles and fascia,the dorsal wall of the esophagus can be easily identified.This prevertebral space is avascular and safe.Mobiliza-tion of esophagus is only made at this space to avoid injury of recurrent laryngeal nerve.The black arrow represents the approach route by blunt dissection.386 F.Higaki et al./The American Journal of Surgery 192(2006)385–387in the era of PEG.To know new things,learn by studying the old.The procedure of TCE is relatively simple to perform under local anesthesia and complications associated with procedure are minor.Recent reports revealed no major com-plication in35consecutive patients[6].In our series,there were no major complications such as injury of neck vessels, recurrent laryngeal nerve,and mediastinitis caused by leak-age.Three of our patients had a minor complication,one of subcutaneous emphysema and two of minor leaks from esophagostomy.These leaks resolved with conservative treatment alone and did not cause superior mediastinitis, since the Penrose drain functioned and the Levin tube also acted as a drain.Recently,ultrasonography-guided percutaneous trans-esophageal gastrotubing with a rupture-free balloon was developed[7].We think that the surgical access is safe in two respects.First,in the management of perioperative time we can start adequate drainage by opening the incision of the neck when we suspect superior mediastinitis.Second, the procedure has no risk of inappropriate injury to neck vessels or the thyroid gland.In addition,no special equip-ment was required and an adequate sized tube for feeding or decompression can be used.NGT are esthetically unacceptable for many patients, while esophagostomy tubes are easily hidden underneath clothing and allow freedom from social limitations.To replace the tube is easy after maturation of thefistula tract. In our palliative case,TCE also allowed a liquid diet for oral satisfaction.By use of TCE,we could improve the patient’s quality of life,and palliative care services were successful in the terminal phase.In conclusion,feeding or decompressive TCE is an old-fashioned and forgotten procedure,but is still a useful al-ternative procedure in the era of PEG.References[1]Gauderer MW,Ponsky JL,Izant RJ Jr.Gastrostomy without laparot-omy:a percutaneous endoscopic technique.J Pediatr Surg1980;15: 872–5.[2]Klopp CT.Cervival esophagostomy.J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg1951;21:490–1.[3]Ware L,Garrett WS,Pickrell K.Cervical esophagostomy:a simplifiedtechnic.Ann Surg1967;165:142–4.[4]Ketcham AS,Smith RR.Elective esophagostomy.Am J Surg1962;104:682–5.[5]Mack LA,Pereira J,Temple WJ.Decompressive tube esophagostomy:a forgotten palliative procedure.J Palliat Med2004;7:265–7.[6]Har-el G.Ten-year experience with cervical miniesophagostomy.AnnOtol Rhinol Laryngol1999;108:1111–4.[7]Oishi H,Shindo H,Shirotani N,et al.A nonsurgical technique tocreate an esophagostomy for difficult cases of percutaneous endo-scopic gastrostomy.Surg Endosc2003;17:1224–7.387F.Higaki et al./The American Journal of Surgery192(2006)385–387。
About 80 young Japanese Yoshikazu Kato - based on a meter of sunshine
tonight I heard the last lecture during the University, is the speaker Yoshikazu Kato. Kato said a lot about and issues, and before I know of him feeling of almost, but the scene to experience is different. More important is, see Japan a 80 after the youth to understand so thoroughly, heart I pressure: This is a typical Japanese, are good at learning and discovery, accumulation and thinking, he said people are very smart, Japan to learn from him, I seem to see hundreds of thousands of hard work diligent, be modest and prudent Japanese peers, think we are in the same age growth and competition, in a subtle and indescribable fear.Kato, many of the ideas are of great inspiration to our young people, I also very much agree with this, only memories recorded, to share with you. Below about 80% words are his words, less digital is reorganizing, for reference.1, the walk way, way to bring out.2, self-discipline -- confidence -- free3, I am most concerned about is now college students and young people's ideas and life style, really will change not in 2012 eighteen, and 2022 to 2032 this period of time. At that time, in charge of the country it is today's college students, so they are paying attention to what to think about what is the most important.4, Mr Putin, Lee Myung-bak, Yasuo Fukuda, Hatoyama Yukio...... These people to the North was not really heartfelt praise you, but bootlick, because the market is big, is beneficial to their respective countries.5, I don't think there are talented in language this stuff, I think this is not quantifiable. My English dictionary, Chinese Dictionary no page is not turned back, I had "people's daily". Japanese have a saying called "free stuff is the most expensive". I learn the language is not new, all for free.6, every day I see "news broadcast", read "people's Daily", as a foreigner who is eager to learn, "news broadcast" must be to see every day, this is not a satire, this is a fact.7, I believe the real thing forever in the field, not in the "people's Daily". So I want to personally visit.8, I believe that the system in the next ten years to twenty years, will change. How, I don't know, but there must be change. So young people should believe in, can see some changes in your the rest of one's life, you have to do now is wait. The good you do, your attention the concern and attention not to.9, 2012 is a crucial year for the world, because the change of government, the United States midterm elections, Taiwan's election, elections in South korea...... But nospecial significance for Japan, because Japan every year to change a lot of presidential. Many people say that the Japanese political instability, I don't think so. Politics is the rule of the people, however, Japanese >今晚我听了大学期间的最后一场讲座，主讲人是加藤嘉一。
2023届江西省南康中学高三第二次联考英语试卷听力
2023届高三第二次联考英语试卷考试时间：120分钟满分：150分第一部分听力（共两节，每小题分，满分30分）做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。
录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。
第一节听下面5段对话。
每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。
听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。
每段对话仅读一遍。
1.What will the speakers do next?A.Rest at home.B.Have some coffee.C.Do more shopping2.Where are the speakers most probably now?A.In a car.B.On a bus.C.On a train.3.What is the woman most probably?A.A tour guide.B.A waitress.C.A bus conductor.4. What does John like doing in his spare time?A. Listening to music.B.Doing exercise.C.Watching TV.5.How will the man go to the movies?A.By car.B.By bus.C.On foot.第二节听下面5段对话或独白。
每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。
听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。
每段对话或独白读两遍。
听下面一段对话，回答第6和第7两个小题。
6.Why did Amy go to the contest?A. To have some fun.B.To win some money.C. To prove her cooking skills.7.How does Amy most probably feel now?A.Regretful.B.Upset.C.Happy.听下面一段对话，回答第8至第10三个小题。
Can a Sex Doll Replace a Real Woman
The artist Oscar Kokoschka suffered a bayonet wound on the Russian front in the First World War. He returned to discover that his lover, Alma Mahler, had married another man. In the depths of despair, he created a replica of her.Alma met the young Oskar Kokoschka, the enfant terrible of the Viennese art scene, in 1912. He was famous for intense, expressionist portraits. Within twenty-four hours of meeting they engaged in a passionate affair. She became Kokoschka´s consuming obsession and dominated his life and work. His most famous painting, The Bride of the Wind, is one of many paintings she inspired.Kokoschka missed Alma so desperately that he created a life-size facsimile. He provided detailed drawings, sketches and her exact measurements (provided by Alma’s dress-maker) to artist Hermine Moos who was skilled at making mannequins. Kokoschka wanted the skin to feel real. Moos decided to use swan skin because it felt as soft and sensuous a s a woman’s. The most important aspect for Moos was the feel. Kokoschka was disappointed with the finished doll because it looked fluffy. For him, it was all-important that it looked like Alma. For most women the tactile sensation is important, while for men it is the look. In his book Studies in the Psychology of Sex, the English psychologist Henry Havelock Ellis explained that men are visually orientated, while women rely more on their sense of touch.Kokoschka used the doll as a model for paintings, hired a full time maid for her and took her to the opera and parties. There was speculation about how far their intimacy went. He hired servants and friends to spread rumours about the doll and the newspapers gleefully relayed the stories. The last and most infamous occurred when Kokoschka beheaded the doll at a wild party and poured red wine over her. The following morning a police patrol saw what they thought was a corpse in his garden and burst into his house to arrest him.Would Kokoschka be more satisfie d wih the realistic dolls now available? In the 90’s artist Matt McMullen created a realistic silicone female mannequin and documented the process on his website. He was inundated with emails asking if it was'anatomically correct'. Although it wasn’t, McM ullen realised there was a lucrative market and began making the RealDoll to order. Many companies can now make an exact replica of someone if you provide photographs and measurements. They have glass eyes, real hair, synthetic flesh, artificial intelligence based personalities, respond to voice commands and over 100 sensors spread around their body. With the latest 3D modelling techniques able to laser scan and replicate a detailed human figure, the ultimate duplicate is close at hand.The perfect doll fo r Kokoschka? I doubt it. In her essay, Oscar Kokoschka’s Sex Toy, Bonnie Roos reveals that Kokoschka regarded his mannequin as an artwork. He designed, created andvery publicly used it as a piece of performance art. Soon after the doll incidents, Kokoschka was appointed as professor at Dresden Art Academy, a role that involved a great deal of responsibility, man management and paperwork. The governorswould not have appointed someone crazy. They understood that the doll was part of his artistic agenda. They also knew of the long association between artists and mannequins, from the Renaissance through to Manet, Renoir and Degas. Puppets and mannequins also featured strongly in the contemporary Dada and Surrealist movements. It is also revealing that Alma touchingly suggested Kokoschka make a replica of her as a solution to his anguish at losing her.Kokoschka intended the doll to increase his reputation and fame. It worked. Here we are, one hundred years later, still discussing it. Not crazy but shrewd.The connection between artist and mannequin is explored in the exhibition, Silent Partners: Artist and Mannequin from Function to Fetish currently at the Fitzwilliam Museum, Cambridge. It’s creepy, but essential viewing.更多英语学习方法：上海企业英语培训/zt/city_shanghai.html。
2021年高考英语8月考前冲破 阅读理解能力 社会生活 不少日本妇女背后卖淫素材
很多日本妇女背后卖淫In the 1967 film "Belle1 de Jour," French actress Catherine Deneuve plays a beautiful housewife who work s as a pros titute while her husband is at work. If weekly tabloid2 Shukan Post (Aug. 15-22) is to be believed, women in Japan are following D eneuve's lead.在1967年的电影《白日美人》中，克里斯蒂·德诺芙扮演的漂亮妻子趁着丈夫外出工作时卖淫。
若是日本邮报周刊（8.15-22）的结论无误，一些日本妇女此刻正在效仿德诺芙的做法。
In a special article on illicit3 activities undertaken during the day by married women (or hitozuma), the magazine says that an increasing number of such women are taking up the world's oldest profession o n the sly（偷偷地）.For the inside scoop4, the magazine turns to Akira Ikoma, the editor of a guide to the men's entertainment called Ore no Tabi (My Journey)."After the 'Lehman Shock' of 2020, it became clear that the number of ho usewives working in the fuzoku (adult-entertainment) industry was on th e rise," says the editor. "Since there has not b een a recovery since, it remains5d ifficult to find work (in conventional employment). So women are continuing to struggle in the sex trade to pad their savings6 accounts."A 34-year-old "delivery health" employee resembling actress Kimiko Ikegami tells the magazine that she works three times a week, between 10:00 a.m. and 4:00 p.m., earning 300,000 yen7 each month. "The truth is that I think I can earn more, but I do not want to negatively impa ct the life I have now," she says.According to Ikoma, there are 300,000 women working in the fuzoku industry. Of th em, 30 percent (or 100,000 women) are housewives.。
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100-Year-Old
Japanese Woman Sets
Swimming
Record
As we age, we often take longer to recover from injuries. That is, for some people.
After a Japanese woman suffered a knee injury, she became a competitive swimmer – at age 88.
Nearing the age of 101 has not slowed down one Japanese woman. In fact, in the swimming pool -- she is only getting faster.
Recently, a 100-year-old Japanese woman became the world's first centenarian to complete a 1,500-meter freestyle swimming competition in a
25-meter pool.
Her name is Mieko Nagaoka. Ms. Nagaoka set a world record for her age group at a recent Japan Masters Swimming Association event in the western city of Matsuyama. She swam the race in one hour, 15 minutes and 54 seconds.
By comparison, the overall female world record holder completed the same distance in just under 15 and a half minutes. But that swimmer, Katie Ledecky, is only 17 years old.
And Ms. Nagaoka was not competing against her. In fact, Ms. Nagaoka was the only competitor in the 100-104 year old category. Her race was not a race of speed but of endurance, or not giving up.
Many times a champion
Breaking swimming records is nothing new to Ms. Nagaoka. So far she has broken 25 records. But she began competing when she was much younger –at 88.
Ms. Nagaoka suffered a knee injury in her 80s, so she began swimming to help her body recover. Since her first international swimming competition, she hasn't looked back, except maybe
to see if her competition is catching up.
In 2002, at a masters swim meet in New Zealand, Ms. Nagaoka took the bronze medal in the 50-meter backstroke. In 2004, she won three silver medals at an Italian swim meet.
Masters swimming is a special class of competitive swimming to promote health and friendship among participants. Swimmers compete within age groups of five years.
Ms. Nagaoka says she is a serious swimmer and a serious competitor. An article from the Reuters news service quotes her profile on the
international swimming website FINA,
saying Ms. Nagaoka trains four times a week for two hours at a time.
Does Japan have a secret?
Japan has a large number of people who live beyond 100 years old.
Until she passed away this month, the oldest person in the world was also from Japan. Misao Okawa was born in 1898. She said her secrets for longevity, or long life, were good genes, regular sleep, sushi and exercise.
I'm Anna Matteo.。