科技英语论文写作
英语科技类作文范文
英语科技类作文范文English: Technology plays a crucial role in our society, revolutionizing the way we live, work, and communicate. With the advancement of technology, we have seen significant improvements in various aspects of our lives, such as healthcare, transportation, and education. From innovative medical devices to self-driving cars and online learning platforms, technology has undoubtedly made our lives more convenient and efficient. Furthermore, advancements in technology have also facilitated global communication and collaboration, allowing people from different corners of the world to connect and share ideas. In addition, the development of renewable energy technologies has also brought us closer to combating climate change and creating a more sustainable future. Overall, technology has greatly impacted our society, bringing about positive changes and improving the quality of life for many.中文翻译: 科技在我们的社会中扮演着至关重要的角色，彻底改变了我们生活、工作和交流的方式。
考研英文科技作文
考研英文科技作文英文：Technology is an integral part of our lives, and it has revolutionized the way we communicate, work, and live. As a graduate student in computer science, I have witnessed the tremendous impact of technology on our society, and I believe that it will continue to shape our future.One of the most significant advancements in technology is the Internet, which has connected people from all over the world and made information accessible to everyone. The Internet has also enabled us to work remotely, allowing us to collaborate with colleagues in different parts of the world without leaving our homes. For example, during the COVID-19 pandemic, many companies shifted to remote work, and the Internet played a crucial role in ensuring that business operations continued.Another area where technology has had a profound impactis healthcare. With the help of technology, doctors and researchers can diagnose diseases more accurately and develop new treatments. For instance, artificial intelligence (AI) is being used to analyze medical images and identify potential health risks. Moreover, wearable devices such as smartwatches and fitness trackers can monitor our health and provide valuable insights into our physical well-being.However, technology also has its downsides. One of the most significant concerns is privacy and security. With so much personal information being shared online, there is a risk of data breaches and identity theft. Moreover, technology addiction is becoming a growing problem, with people spending more time on their devices and less time interacting with others in person.In conclusion, technology has transformed our lives in many ways, and it will continue to do so in the future. While there are concerns about privacy and addiction, the benefits of technology cannot be ignored. As we move forward, it is essential to strike a balance between theadvantages and disadvantages of technology and use it responsibly.中文：科技是我们生活中不可或缺的一部分，它彻底改变了我们的交流、工作和生活方式。
英语科技论文写作(一)
作业
• 结合你导师给定的课题查文献，列出相关 的文献：中、英文综述文章，中、英文博 士硕士论文、权威书籍、重要杂志文献。 • 查相关的专利、国内外目前开展的项目。
如何写科技学术论文
如何写英语科技学术论文
四川大学制造学院苏真伟教授
Brief CV of Zhenwei Su
• 2004-2009: Sichuan University, professor • 1997-2004: UK Universities visiting scholar,post-doc, research fellow • 1982-1997: Sichuan University, PhD, lecturer, associate professor • 1978-1982: Xian Jiaotong University, Mechanical Engineering Department • 1970-1978: Farmer or worker in Sichuan
如何了解我所在领域最具影响力 的研究人员?
如何选择合适的期刊发表论文？
当我们完成了某项研究之后，通常需要选 择一个合适的途径发表自己的研究成果， 那么怎样找到最合适自己研究领域的期刊 发表发表论文呢？您可以利用Web of Science数据库的检索结果分析功能 (Analyze)来解决这一问题。
眼睛犀利， 才能飞得高！
为什么要阅读文献
我们很多的时候，闷在实验室闭门 造车，实在不如稍抽出一点时间看看 文献。 我的大老板说，要想有成绩，别无 他法，只有读，读，大量的读文献， 尤其国外的。
主要的信息源
• 学术期刊（中文、英文） • 博士、硕士论文（中文、英文） • 学术网站（中文、英文） • 专利网站（中文、英文） • 书籍（中文、英文） 对低级研究人员：中文第一 对高级研究人员：英文第一
科技有关英文作文
科技有关英文作文英文：Technology plays a crucial role in our daily lives. It has revolutionized the way we communicate, work, and live. From smartphones to laptops, technology has made our lives more convenient and efficient. However, it also poses some challenges and risks.One of the benefits of technology is that it has made communication easier and faster. With just a few clicks, we can connect with people from all over the world. For example, I can easily video call my friend who lives in another country and feel like we are in the same room. This is especially helpful during the pandemic when we can't meet in person.Another advantage of technology is that it has transformed the way we work. With the rise of remote work, we can work from anywhere in the world as long as we havean internet connection. This has given us more flexibility and freedom to balance work and personal life. Moreover, technology has also made it easier for us to collaborate with our colleagues and share information.However, technology also has some downsides. One of the biggest challenges is cybersecurity. As we rely more on technology, we become more vulnerable to cyber attacks and data breaches. For instance, hackers can steal our personal information and use it for malicious purposes. Therefore, we need to be cautious and take measures to protect our digital assets.Moreover, technology has also led to some negative impacts on our mental health. Social media, for example, can be addictive and lead to feelings of anxiety and depression. We may also become too reliant on technology and lose our ability to communicate effectively with others in person.中文：科技在我们的日常生活中扮演着至关重要的角色。
科技论文写作英语写作
Research Reports for Business and Technical WritingWayneLosanoA surprising amount of one's time as a student and professional is spent reporting the results of one's research projects for presentation to teachers, managers, and clients. Indeed, without basic research skills and the ability to present research results clearly and completely, an individual will encounter many obstacles inschool and onthejob.The need for some research-writingability isfelt nearly equally by college students in all fields, engineering and science as well as business and the humanities.Graduate study oftenmakes great demands onthe student's research-writingskills,and most professions continue the demand;education, advertising and marketing, economics and accounting, science and engineering, psychology, anthropology, the arts, and agriculture may all require regular reporting of research data.ELEMENTS OF THE RESEARCH PAPERThe standard researchreport,regardless of the field or the intended reader,contains four major sections. These sections may be broken down into a variety of subsections, and they may be arranged in a variety of ways, but they regularly make up the core of the report.Problem Section. The first required section of a research report is the statement of the problem with which the research project is concerned.This sectionrequires a precise statement of the underlyingquestionwhichtheresearcher has set out to answer. In this same section there should be anexplanation of the significance - social, economic, medical, psychological, educational,etc.-of the question;inother words,why the investigationwas worth conducting. Thus, if we set out, for example, to answer the question "What is the effect of regular consumption of fast foods on the health of the American teenager?" we must explain that the question is thought to have significant relevance tothe healthof this segment of the'populationandmight leadtosomesort of regulations on such foods.A frequent subsection of this problem section is a review of past research on the topic being investigated. This would consist of summaries of the contributions of previous researchers tothe questionunder considerationwithsome assessmentof the value of these contributions. This subsection has rhetorical usefulness inthat it enhances the credibility of the researcher by indicating that the data presented is based ona thoroughknowledge of what has beendone inthe fieldand, possibly, grows out of some investigative tradition.Procedures Section. The second major sectionof the researchreport details,with as much data as possible, exactly how the study was carried out. This section includes descriptionof any necessary equipment,how the subjects were selectedifsubjects were used, what statistical technique was used to evaluate the significance of the findings, how many observations were made and when, etc. An investigationof the relative effectiveness of various swim-strokes would have todetail the number of swimmers tested, the nature of the tests conducted, theexperience of the swimmers, the weather conditions at the time of the tests, andany other factors that contributed to the overall experiment. The goal of the procedures section is to allow the reader to duplicate the experiment if such were desired to confirm, or refute, your findings.Results Section. The third, and perhaps most important, section of the research report is the presentation of the results obtained from the investigation. The basic rule inthis sectionis to give all data relevant to the researchquestioninitially asked. Although, of course, one's natural tendency might be to suppressany findings which do not in some way support one's hypothesis, such dishonesty is antithetical to good research reporting in any field. If the experiments undertaken fail to prove anything, if the data was inadequate or contrary to expectations, the report should be honestly writtenand as complete as possible,just as it would be if the hypothesis were totally proven by the research.Discussion Section . The final required section of a research report is a discussion of the results obtained and a statement of any conclusions which may be drawnfromthose results. Of primary interestinbusiness andtechnical researchreports is the validity of the results as the bases for company decisions: Will ourplanned construction project meet federal environmental guidelines and beapproved for building? Will this new program attract skilled personnel to our werethey validly obtained, arethey completeor limited, arethey applicableover awiderangeof circumstances? Thediscussion section should also point out what discussion section of theresearch report must evaluatetheresearch results fully:Thus, the company? Will this new oil recovery technique be financially feasible?questions remain unansweredandperhaps suggest directions for further research.STYLE OF RESEARCH REPORTSResearch reports are considered formal professional communication. As such, thereis li t leemphasis ona lively style,although,of course,thereis noobjectiontowriting that is pleasing and interesting. The primary goals of professional communication are accuracy, clarity, and completeness. The rough draft of any researchreport shouldbe editedtoensure that all data is correctly presented,thatall equipmentis listed,thatall results areproperly detailed.As anaidtothereader,headings indicating at least the major sections of the report should be used, and all data should be presented under the proper headings. In addition to their function of suggesting to the reader the contents of each section, headings enhance the formal appearance and professional quality of the report, increase to some degree the writer's credibility by reflecting a logical and methodical approach to the reporting process, and eliminate the need for wordy transitional devices between sections.Researchdata should be presented ina way that places proper emphasis onmajor aspects of the project.For different readers different aspects will take on different degrees of importance, and some consideration should be given to structuringresearchreports differently for different audiences.Management,forexample,will be most concerned withthe results of a researchproject,and thusthe results section should be emphasized, probably by presenting it immediately after the problemsection and before the procedures section.Other researcherswould be most interested in the procedures section, and this should be highlighted in writing up research projects for publication in professional journals or for presentation at professional conferences. For non-technical readers and federal agencies, the implications of the results might be the most important consideration, and emphasis should be placed on the discussion of the report for this readership.For additional clarity and emphasis, major results should be presented in a visual format - tables, charts, graphs, diagrams - as well as in a verbal one.Beyond checking the report for clarity and accuracy in the presentation of technical data,the author of a researchreport shouldreview for basic grammaticaland mechanical accuracy. Short sentences are preferable to long in the presentation of complex information. Listings should be used to break up long passages of prose and to emphasize information.The research writer should try to use the simplest possible language without sacrificing the professional quality of the report. Although specialized terms can be used, pretentious jargon should be avoided.A finishedre115searchreportshouldbe a readable anduseful documentprepared with the reader in mind.CONCLUSIONAlthough we struggle with research reports in high school, dread them in college, and are often burdened by them in our professional lives, learning to live comfortably withthemis a relatively easy task.A positive attitude(i.e.,one thatsees the oral or written presentation of research results as of equal importance to the data-gatheringprocess);anorderly approachwhichincludes prewriting(i.e.,before any actual researchis done,the researcher shouldtry togetdownonpaperas much about the subject under investigation as possible) and a formal research reportstructure as the framework for the investigation;anda reasonable approachto the actual writingprocess includingeditingfor accuracy and clarity,will helpone to produce effective research reports efficiently.。
英语科技类作文范文
英语科技类作文范文English:In the realm of technology, innovations have vastly improved our daily lives, changing the way we communicate, work, and interact with the world. The rapid advancements in artificial intelligence, virtual reality, and automation have led to more efficient and convenient ways of completing tasks. For instance, the rise of smart devices like smartphones and virtual assistants has made information accessible at our fingertips, enabling us to stay connected and informed. Moreover, technological breakthroughs in healthcare have revolutionized the medical field, from precision medicine to robotic surgeries, enhancing patient care and outcomes. In addition, the integration of technology in education has transformed traditional teaching methods, providing interactive learning experiences and personalized instruction for students. As we continue to push the boundaries of technology, the future holds endless possibilities for further innovation and progress.Translated content:在科技领域，创新大大改善了我们的日常生活，改变了我们与世界沟通、工作和互动的方式。
与科技有关英文作文
与科技有关英文作文英文：When it comes to technology, I believe it has greatly impacted our lives in both positive and negative ways. On the positive side, technology has made our lives more convenient and efficient. For example, we can now easily communicate with people from all over the world through social media and messaging apps. We can also shop online and have our purchases delivered right to our doorstep. In addition, technology has greatly improved healthcare, allowing doctors to diagnose and treat illnesses more accurately and effectively.However, technology also has its downsides. One major negative impact is the decrease in face-to-face communication and social interaction. People are becoming more reliant on technology for communication, leading to a lack of personal connections and a decrease in empathy. Another issue is the potential for addiction to technology,such as social media or video games, which can lead to negative effects on mental health and productivity.Overall, while technology has greatly improved ourlives in many ways, it is important to be aware of its potential negative impacts and strive for a balance in our use of technology.中文：谈到科技，我认为它在积极和消极方面都对我们的生活产生了巨大影响。
英文科技论文写作的一些要点
科技英语论文的写作要点总体原则（3C）：Correct (正确)，Clear (清楚)；Concise (简洁)。
1 论文题名1.1 基本要求(1) 准确(Accuracy)。
题名要准确地反映论文的内容。
作为论文的“标签”，题名既不能过于空泛和一般化，也不宜过于烦琐，使人得不出鲜明的印象。
如果题名中无吸引读者的信息，或写得不堪理解。
为确保题名的含义准确，应尽量避免使用非定量的、含义不明的词，如"rapid"，"new"等；并力求用词具有专指性，如"a vanadium-iron alloy"明显优于"a magnetic alloy"。
(2) 简洁(Brevity)。
题名需用词简短、明了，以最少的文字概括尽可能多的内容。
题名最好不超过10 ~ 12个单词，或100个英文字符（含空格和标点），如若能用一行文字表达，就尽量不要用2 行（超过2行有可能会削弱读者的印象）。
在内容层次很多的情况下，如果难以简短化，最好采用主、副题名相结合的方法，如：Importance of replication in microarray gene expression studies: statistical methods and evidence from repetitive CDNA hybridizations (Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 2000, 97(18): 9834 ~ 9839). 其中的副题名起补充、阐明作用，可起到很好的效果。
(3) 清楚(Clarity)。
题名要清晰地反映文章的具体内容和特色, 明确表明研究工作的独到之处，力求简洁有效、重点突出。
为表达直接、清楚，以便引起读者的注意，应尽可能地将表达核心内容的主题词放在题名开头。
如The effectiveness of vaccination against in healthy, working adults (N Engl J Med，1995, 333: 889-893)中，如果作者用关键词vaccination作为题名的开头，读者可能会误认为这是一篇方法性文章：How to vaccinate this population? 相反，用effectiveness作为题名中第一个主题词，就直接指明了研究问题：Is vaccination in this population effective? 题名中应慎重使用缩略语。
科技题材英文作文模板
科技题材英文作文模板英文：As a technology enthusiast, I am always fascinated by the latest advancements in the field. In my opinion, technology has revolutionized the way we live our lives and has made it easier for us to communicate, work, and entertain ourselves. However, with great power comes great responsibility, and we must use technology wisely to avoid its negative effects.One of the most significant advancements in technology has been the internet. It has connected people from all over the world and has made it possible for us to access information instantly. However, it has also led to the spread of fake news, cyberbullying, and online scams. Therefore, we must be careful about the information we consume and the people we interact with online.Another area where technology has had a significantimpact is healthcare. With the help of technology, doctors can now diagnose and treat diseases more accurately and efficiently. For example, artificial intelligence can analyze medical images and detect abnormalities that might be missed by human doctors. However, we must also be awareof the ethical implications of using technology in healthcare and ensure that it does not lead todiscrimination or privacy violations.In conclusion, technology has brought about manypositive changes in our lives, but we must also be aware of its negative effects and use it responsibly. As the saying goes, "with great power comes great responsibility."中文：作为一名科技爱好者，我总是被这个领域最新的进展所吸引。
英文科技论文写作(专业英语)
更新或改进；基础研究着重理论上的新见解，计算方法的另 辟新径
• 学术性
• 透过对所研究的客体外象的观测，分析探讨其内在本质，将感性认 识进行理论上的深化； • 切忌将一连串现象无分析归纳的无序堆砌，而将论文写成实验报告 或工作总结。
• 真实性
• 错误、虚假、失实将导致论文科学性和学术性的丧失，甚至可能涉 嫌有剽窃行为； • 不凭主观臆断和好恶随意舍取数据和素材，引证他人成果必须给出 出处，但只提取与文章密切相关的重要信息用以引证，
References
• 要按所投杂志规定的格式准确书写。
• 卷号、期数、页数、年份等一定要核对 无误。
一些常见的技术问题
• 不宜使用长句子及不常见的词汇。 • 主从复合句必须有从句也有主句。 • 正确使用名词的单复数
• 不及物动词不可用被动语态。如不可用：was appeared， was occurred等。 • 不宜使用省略式词汇。如：does’nt, should’nt 等。 • 在两个或数个并列成分的最后两个中间加and 连接。
Results and discussion
• 实验结果是整篇论文的基础，因此必须用明白、 流畅的语言陈述你所得到的结果。 • 要求
– 数据及图表的内容及含义交代清楚，有条理；
– 对数据及现象的归纳、演绎、解释、立论要有逻辑 性、自洽性。
– 语句要准确、流畅、多样化，不宜重复使用相同的 句型和词汇。
Author(s),Affiliation(s)andaddress(es)
• 姓氏和名字要弄清楚，以免发生以名代姓。
– Ji-HongZhu或JihongZhu
• 单位和地址信息准确清楚，使读者能按所列信息 顺利地与作者联系。
科技的利弊英语作文范文(通用3篇)
科技的利弊英语作文范文(通用3篇)【xxxx--作文征文】作文是人们经过思维和语言组织，用文字表达主题的一种叙事方式。
作文分为小学作文、中学作文和大学作文论文。
写作风格包括：叙事性、说明文、实用性和议论文。
以下是为大家整理的关于科技的利弊英语作文的文章3篇,欢迎品鉴！科技的利弊英语作文篇1In recent years there has been a vast increase in the number of students choosing to study abroad. This is partly because people are more affluent and party due to the variety of grants and scholarships which are available for overseas students nowadays. Although foreign study is not something which every student would choose, it is an attractive option for many people.Studying overseas has a number of advantages. Firstly, it may give students access to knowledge and facilities such as laboratories and libraries which are not available in their home country. Furthermore, by looking abroad students may find a wider range of courses than those offered in their country’s universities, and therefore one which fits more closely to their particular requirements.On the other hand, studying abroad has a number of drawbacks. These may be divided into personal and professional. Firstly, students have to leave their family and friends for a long period. Furthermore, studying abroad is almost always more expensive than studying at one’s local university. Finally, students often have to study in a foreign language, which may limit their performance and mean they do not attain their true level.In my opinion, however, the disadvantages of studying abroad are usually temporary in nature. Students who study abroad generally become proficient in the language quite soon and they are only away from their family and friends for a year or two. Furthermore, many of the benefits last students all their lives and make them highly desirable to prospective employers.作文参考翻译近年来，出国留学的学生数量有了很大的增长。
中考作文科技英文范文
中考作文科技英文范文英文：Technology has greatly impacted our lives in many ways. On one hand, it has made our lives more convenient and efficient. For example, we can now easily communicate with people from all over the world through social media and video conferencing. We can also shop online and have items delivered to our doorstep without ever leaving our homes. Furthermore, technology has revolutionized the way we learn and work. We can access vast amounts of information and resources through the internet and use various software and tools to increase our productivity.On the other hand, technology has also brought about some negative effects. One of the biggest concerns is the impact on our mental and physical health. We spend too much time staring at screens, which can lead to eye strain and poor posture. Moreover, social media and online gaming addiction have become serious problems that can lead todepression and anxiety. In addition, technology has also contributed to the loss of jobs in certain industries as machines and automation take over.Overall, technology has both advantages and disadvantages. It is up to us to use it wisely and in moderation to avoid the negative effects.中文：科技在许多方面对我们的生活产生了重大影响。
英语科技论文写作作文
英语科技论文写作作文1. Technology is changing the way we live, work, and communicate. From smartphones to social media, we are constantly connected to the digital world.2. The development of artificial intelligence is revolutionizing industries such as healthcare, finance, and transportation. Machines are now able to perform tasks that were once only possible for humans.3. The Internet of Things has transformed our homesinto smart homes, where we can control our appliances and security systems with just a few taps on our smartphones.4. Virtual reality and augmented reality are opening up new possibilities in entertainment, education, and training. We can now immerse ourselves in virtual worlds and interact with digital objects in real time.5. Cybersecurity is a growing concern as more of ourpersonal information is stored online. It is essential to protect our data from hackers and cyber attacks.6. The rise of e-commerce has changed the way we shop, with more people choosing to buy products online rather than in physical stores. This has led to the decline of traditional brick-and-mortar retailers.7. Biotechnology is advancing rapidly, with breakthroughs in gene editing and personalized medicine. Scientists are now able to modify DNA to treat genetic diseases and create targeted therapies for patients.8. Quantum computing is on the horizon, promising to solve complex problems at speeds that are unimaginable with traditional computers. This technology has the potential to revolutionize fields such as cryptography, drug discovery, and climate modeling.。
有关科技的英语作文模板
有关科技的英语作文以下是一篇有关科技的英语作文：Technology: Shaping Our FutureIn today's rapidly evolving world, technology plays a vital role in shaping our lives and driving progress. It has transformed various aspects of society, offering numerous benefits and opportunities.One of the significant impacts of technology is in the field of communication. We now have instant access to information through the internet and mobile devices, enabling us to connect with people globally at a click of a button.Moreover, technology has revolutionized education. E-learning platforms provide accessible and flexible learning opportunities, breaking down geographical barriers and enabling widespread knowledge sharing.In the healthcare sector, advancements in technology have led to improved diagnosis, treatment, and patient care. From telemedicine to precision medicine, technology is saving lives and enhancing the quality of care.Technology also drives economic growth and innovation. It enables businesses to increase productivity, improve efficiency, and reach new markets, creating employment opportunities and driving progress.However, along with the benefits, there are also challenges associated with technology. Issues such as data privacy, cyber security, and the digital divide need to be addressed.To ensure the positive impact of technology, it is essential to have a balancedapproach. This includes raising awareness about the ethical and social implications, investing in research and development, and fostering collaboration between different stakeholders.In conclusion, technology is an ever-present force that continues to shape our world. By leveraging its potential and addressing its challenges, we can create a more connected, informed, and progressive future.。
关于科技的英文作文300字
关于科技的英文作文300字English:Technology has revolutionized our lives in countless ways, making tasks easier, improving communication, and increasing efficiency. From smartphones to artificial intelligence, technology has become an integral part of our daily routine. In the field of medicine, technology has led to advancements in treatments, diagnostics, and surgeries, saving countless lives. In education, technology has transformed the way students learn and teachers instruct, with online resources and distance learning making education more accessible. However, technology also brings challenges such as cybersecurity threats, job displacement, and privacy concerns. It is essential that we continue to innovate responsibly and ethically to harness the full potential of technology for the benefit of humanity.Translated content:科技以无数种方式彻底改变了我们的生活，使任务变得更容易，提高了沟通效率。
科技论文写作(英文)
CHENLI
26
Technical writing requires
give-and-take, a dialogue, a follow-up and/or input
CHENLI
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台大校长 2009.9.15
两年前向台大新鲜人提出「四 不」：考试不作弊、作业不抄袭、 上课不随意逃课、脚踏车不乱停。
CHENLI
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中原四不
不吸烟 不喝酒 不赌博 不(到不正当处)跳舞
CHENLI
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全人教育-天、人、物、我
CHENLI
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鏈結產學研發之專題實作 平台建構發展示意圖
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需要加强英文，而且老师也体谅学生的 英文程度，认为一时之间可能无法接受 全英语教学
所以仅仅在上课的投影片采取英文，再 用中文解说
但是即使连这样都会被学生抗议太难。
现在的大学生普遍存有这样的学习态度， 要如何拉近学用落差、大学生如何才能 不「毕业即失业」？
CHENLI
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On Learning English
Obtained from Advanced Studio Classroom, March 2004.
How can I improve my English conversation skills?
The best way to improve your spoken English is to speak the language as much as you can!
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英语科技论文写作3引言
引言_组织形式
There are three major steps in this section. Firstly establish research territory, then establish a niche, and finally occupy the niche.
引言_背景资料 例:Entropy effects during sorption of mixture of alkanes in MFI zeolite
The separation of mixtures of alkanes is an important activity in the petroleum and petrochemical industries. For example, the
引言_文献回顾
几种常用句型
引言_文献回顾
引言_文献回顾
引言_文献回顾
引言_文献回顾
引言_文献回顾
引言_文献回顾
引言_指出问题
基本句型：
引言_指出问题
引言_研究目的
基本句型：
引言_研究目的
引言_研究目的
be dictated both by the alkanes chain length and degree of branching.
说明论文特定主题与较为广泛的研究领域之间的关系，同时 提供足够的背景资料。 句子内容的范围逐步缩小。
引言_背景资料 时态：
一般现在时 叙述某些相关现象或某个领域的普遍事实，不受时间影响。 见上例。
本研究工作在相关领域中的地位 Generally speaking, the introduction has two functions. One is to
英语科技论文写作
英文科技论文写作是进行国际学术交流必需的技能。
一般而言，发表在专业英语期刊上的科技论文在文章结构和文字表达上都有其特定的格式和规定，只有严格遵循国际标准和相应刊物的规定，才能提高所投稿件的录用率。
撰写英文科技论文的第一步就是推敲结构。
最简单有效的方法即采用IMRaD形式(Introduction，Materials and Methods，Results，and Discussion)，这是英文科技论文最通用的一种结构方式。
IMRaD结构的逻辑体现在它能依次回答以下问题：Introduction（引言）：研究的是什么问题？Materials and Methods（材料和方法）：怎样研究这个问题？Results（结果）：发现了什么?Discussion（讨论）：这些发现意味着什么?按照这个结构整体规划论文，有一个方法值得借鉴，即剑桥大学爱席比教授提出的“概念图”。
首先在一张大纸上（A3或A4纸，横放）写下文章题目（事先定好题目很重要），然后根据IMRaD的结构确定基本的段落主题，把他们写在不同的方框内。
你可以记录任何你脑海中闪现的可以包括在该部分的内容，诸如段落标题、图表、需要进一步阐述的观点等等，把它们写在方框附近的圈内，并用箭头标示它们的所属方框。
画概念图的阶段也是自由思考的阶段，在此过程中不必拘泥于细节。
哪些东西需要包括进文章？还需要做哪些工作，是找到某文献的原文，还是补画一张图表，或者需要再查找某个参考文献？当你发现自己需要再加进一个段落时就在概念图中添加一个新框。
如果你发现原来的顺序需作调整，那就用箭头标示新的顺序。
绘制概念图的过程看似儿童游戏，但其意义重大，它可以给你自由思考的空间，并通过图示的方式记录你思维发展的过程。
这便是写论文的第一步：从整体考虑文章结构，思考各种组织文章的方法，准备好所需的资料，随时记录出现的新想法。
采用这个方法，不论正式下笔时是从哪一部分写起，都能够能做到大局不乱。
英语科技论文写作(一)
2008.3.
由于文化的差异和英语语言本身的特 点，英语科技论文写作虽然在目的性上与 用其它语言形式的科技论文写作是相同的， 但是还有其自己的语言特征、文体要求和 格式变化。
科技论文体例
因学科不同、研究项目、过程和结果不同，科技论文 可以有多种写作方法和体例结构。从20世纪20年代开始， 科技工作者从大量的论文中，总结出了其表达方式的共同 规律，逐步形成了一种较为严密而又符合逻辑的惯用格式； 从此，虽然各种论文所涉及的内容各不相同，论证的方法 各有差异，实验的方法与手段相差很大，但是论文由哪些 部分组成已有规范可循；其常见的构成格式有：标题、署 名、作者单位(通常在第一页底端的黑线下还要简要介绍 作者的姓名、年龄、职称、学位等内容）、摘要、关键词、 引言、正文，结论、致谢、脚注、参考文献和附录等。
标题_注意事项(4) 标题 注意事项
2 .一般采用名词短语作标题 不使用一个句子或不定式短语，一 一般采用名词短语作标题。不使用一个句子或不定式短语 一般采用名词短语作标题 不使用一个句子或不定式短语， 般也不使用介词短语，不出现从句。 般也不使用介词短语，不出现从句。 An exploration and study of the production methods of industrial cupric sulfate （繁琐） Introduce the exploration and study of the production methods of industrial cupric sulfate （祈使句） Methods of producing of industrial cupric sulfate
1
Department of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, P. R. China, 110000
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理论很难解释，那么你可以提出你的假设理论来解释试 验中非常新的东西，一定要做到能自圆其说 ❖在Discussion的最后要总结一下，告诉别人你这个研究的 几个主要结果
.
创新性 ❖要设法提出“结果”一节中证明的原理、相互关系以及
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基本要求
❖观点鲜明、新颖，论证有条理，详写创新成果 ❖是对上两部分的解释和说明，不是重复 ❖围绕成果讨论（分析、比较），要有理论高度
（归纳、抽象） ❖说明结果的必然性和偶然性 ❖不能肯定或难以得出最后结论的应说明 ❖要留有余地，不说过头话
.
3、写法 各类仪器测试结果的论述﹑分析
第一段，我们的研究----；这些发现提示---。第二段， 我们的研究还发现------；有研究表明---，在我们的体 系中未能-----。A发现---；B发现----。X---；因而本研究 可能---，并可能从另一个角度提示。第三段，与此同 时，我们未观察到明显的副作用。与我们相似，C的 研究---；D---；E-----。X本身----；因而---。第四段，综 上所述---。
.
“讨论”的重点在于对研究结果的解释和推断，要求回答： ❖可以将discussion分为若干段落，可以是并列关系或者递
进关系 ❖但是要保证每一段都有一个主题，即每一段讨论一个主
要话题。这每一段中，要说明一下几点： ❖你的研究结果说明什么，有什么意义 ❖你的研究结果和别人的类似研究结果有什么异同，如果
❖对于所收集的数据给予充分的分析。 一个好的论文不仅仅是实验数据的罗列，而是在实验的 基础上对数据有深刻的分析。也就是说这些实验说明什 么问题，是如何支持作者期望获得的科学结论的。没有 分析的数据就象没有血肉的骨架。
❖指出本工作，或者某种实验手段的局限性。 实事求是的分析本工作的局限性，表明作者对自己工作 的自信。同时也表明作者严谨的科学态度。由于局限性 是客观存在的，讨论局限性不会引起负面影响
.
IDEA的挖掘
Introduction和Discussion是整篇论文当中最为 难写的两个部分。Discussion部分之所以难写， 是因为这里面最能够显示一个作者研究问题的 深度和广度。深度就是论文对于提出问题的研 究到了一个什么样的程度，广度就是是否能够 从多个较多来分析解释实验中的结果。
❖ 对本研究的理论意义，实际应用的可能性，实事求是的加以论述， 切忌夸张
.
“讨论”的重点在于对研究结果的解释和推断，要求回答： ❖回顾研究的主要目的或假设，并探讨所得到的结果是否
符合原来的期望？如果没有的话，为什么？ ❖概述最重要的结果，并指出其是否能支持先前的假设以
及是否与其他学者的结果相互一致；如果不是的话，为 什么？ ❖对结果提出说明、解释或猜测；根据这些结果，能得出 何种结论或推论？ ❖(指出研究的限制以及这些限制对研究结果的影响；并建 议进一步的研究题目或方向 ❖ 指出结果的理论意义（支持或反驳相关领域中现有的理 论、对现有理论的修正）和实际应用
“四忌”
❖一忌面面俱到，一般性议论，抓不住重点 ❖二忌重复叙述“结果”部分的内容 ❖三忌循环推理，以“假设”来证明“假设”，以“未知”
来说明“未知” ❖四忌报喜不报忧，隐瞒或掩盖不足之处
.
“四个注意”
❖ 不要过高地解释结果 ❖不要对结果解释不全 ❖不要对结果进行无关的解释 ❖不要对结果进行错误的解释
研究的意义价值 ❖从理论上分析结果所说明的问题，得出结论，体
现论文学术水平 ❖把结果与目前国内外同类研究比较，说明异同，
体现创新性 ❖实事求是评价本研究的优缺点及存在的问题，提
出改进设想
.
2、要点
❖ 突出自己的创新点，要有自己见解，不要大量 引用他人资料
❖ 分析紧扣主题，不要离题发挥 ❖ 论证采用已有科学根据的数据，不要以假设证
归纳性的解释，但只对“结果”进行论述，而不应进行 重述 ❖要能指出你的结果和解释与以前发表的著作相一致或不 一致的地方 ❖要论述你的研究工作的理论含义以及实际应用的各种可 能性 ❖要能指出任何的例外情况或相互关系中有问题的地方， 并且应明确提出尚未解决的问题及解决的方向
.
论文核心体现 ❖论证材料方法和结果的正确性,合理性,以说明本
专业英语第七讲
科技英语论文讨论结论之 特点与写作
湖南农业大学 李晓刚 2007-04-27
.
提纲
科技英语论文讨论 ❖内容 ❖要点 ❖写法 ❖举例 科技英语论文结论
.
1、内容
❖ 对所做的研究工作给予恰当的评价，包括与前人工作的 比较。 本工作和前人的工作的关系。是不是有所创新？在哪一 个方面有创意？否则说明作者对该领域的认识程度有限。
❖ 进一步对结果机理分析：结合文献 ❖ 本工作的意义、结语或小结，进一步提出的新问题
讨论范畴
❖ 对自己的实验结果进行分析判断，评价升华，从 感性认识上升到理 性认识，应揭示各种观察结果之间的联系，突出强调研究的创新之 处。
❖ 可适当概述国内外对本课题的研究动态，从而衬托出新、异、优之 处。
❖ 对实验或调查中出现的某些出乎意料之外的特殊现象，偶然结果可 在讨论中作必要的说明，客观地进行解释。
明假设 ❖ 评价实事求是，认同相关的研究 不重复在前言
或结果部分中的详细数据或其他 材料 ❖避免不成熟的论断，暗示要求首创权。理由充
分时，可以提出新的假设，但须恰如其分
.
常见错误
❖引证讨论文献知识太多(不同于学位论文)，掩盖了本工作 的贡献
❖分析不合逻辑，结论不当 ❖讨论太浮浅，文献知识不熟悉 ❖写成工作总结，缺乏学术高度 ❖要正确使用缩写词，尤其是组别缩写词
选择要深入讨论分析的问题。 对选中的问题按照一定的层次从多个角度来进行讨论 要保持和Results的一致性，也就是结果和讨论要一一对
.
表现形式 ❖根据研究结果 ❖结合基础理论和前人成果 ❖应用国际国内最新的学说、理论、见解对该课题
进行分析、作出解释 ❖对将来研究有启示 ❖对实验结果受影响的因素进行分析 ❖对意外发现作出解释、建议和设想的提出；有关本研究的一些基本知识内容（不 要离题太远）
❖ 本实验结果分析：各指标的意义（与文献值比较），结果说明什么 问题