【国际经济学专题考试试卷十九】Earnings and Discrimination
国际经济学试卷试题包括答案.docx
《国际经济学》选择题汇总版（附答案）Ch1-Ch31.The United States is less dependent on trade than most other countries becauseA)the United States is a relatively large country with diverse resources.B)the United States is a“ Superpower. ”C)the military power of the United States makes it less dependent on anything.D)the United States invests in many other countries.E)many countries invest in the United States.2. Because the Constitution forbids restraints on interstate trade,A)the U.S. may not impose tariffs on imports from NAFTA countries.B)the U.S. may not affect the international value of the $ U.S.C)the U.S. may not put restraints on foreign investments in California if it involves a financial intermediary in New York State.D)the U.S. may not impose export duties.E)the U.S. may not disrupt commerce between Florida and Hawaii.3.International economics can be divided into two broad sub-fields A) macro and micro.B) developed and less developed.C) monetary and barter.D) international trade and international money.E) static and dynamic.4.International monetary analysis focuses onA)the real side of the international economy.B)the international trade side of the international economy.C)the international investment side of the international economy.D)the issues of international cooperation between Central Banks.E)the monetary side of the international economy, such as currency exchange.5.The gravity model offers a logical explanation for the fact thatA)trade between Asia and the U.S. has grown faster than NAFTA trade.B) trade in services has grown faster than trade in goods.C) trade in manufactures has grown faster than in agricultural products.D) Intra-European Union trade exceeds international trade by the EuropeanUni on.E) the U.S. trades more with Western Europe than it does with Canada.6.The gravity model explains whyA)trade between Sweden and Germany exceeds that between Sweden and Spain.B)countries with oil reserves tend to export oil.C)capital rich countries export capital intensive products.D)intra-industry trade is relatively more important than other forms of tradebetween neighboringcountries.E)European countries rely most often on natural resources.7. Why does the gravity model work?A)Large economies became large because they were engaged in international trade.B)Large economies have relatively large incomes, and hence spend more on governm ent promotion of trade and investment.C)Large economies have relatively larger areas which raises the probability that a pro ductive activity will take place within the borders of that country.D)Large economies tend to have large incomes and tend to spend more on impor ts.E) Large economies tend to avoid trading with small economies.8.We see that the Netherlands, Belgium, and Ireland trade considerably more with the United States than with many other countries.A)This is explained by the gravity model, since these are all large countries.B)This is explained by the gravity model, since these are all small countries.C)This fails to be consistent with the gravity model, since these are smallcountri es.D)This fails to be consistent with the gravity model, since these are large countries.E)This is explained by the gravity model, since they do not share borders.9.In the present, most of the exports from Chinaare A) manufactured goods.B) services.C)primary products including agricultural.D) technology intensive products.E) overpriced by world market standards.10.A country engaging in trade according to the principles of comparative advantage gains from trade because itA) is producing exports indirectly more efficiently than it could alternatively.B) is producing imports indirectly more efficiently than it could domestically.C) is producing exports using fewer labor units.D) is producing imports indirectly using fewer labor units.E) is producing exports while outsourcing services.11.The Ricardian model attributes the gains from trade associated with the principle o f comparative advantage result toA) differences in technology.B)differences in preferences.C)differences in labor productivity.D)differences in resources.E)gravity relationships among countries.12. A nation engaging in trade according to the Ricardian model will find itsconsump tion bundleA)inside its production possibilities frontier.B)on its production possibilities frontier.C)outside its production possibilities frontier.D)inside its trade-partner's production possibilities frontier.E)on its trade-partner's production possibilities frontier.13.Assume that labor is the only factor of production and that wages in the United Sta tes equal $20 per hour while wages in Japan are $10 per hour. Production costs would be lower in the United States as compared to Japan ifA)U.S. labor productivity equaled 40 units per hour and Japan's 15 units per hour.B)U.S. labor productivity equaled 30 units per hour and Japan's 20 units per hour.C)U.S. labor productivity equaled 20 units per hour and Japan's 30 units per hour.D)U.S. labor productivity equaled 15 units per hour and Japan's 25 units per hour.E)U.S. labor productivity equaled 15 units per hour and Japan's 40 units per hour.14.In a two-country, two-product world, the statement“ Germanyenjoys acomparativ e advantage over France in autos relative toships ”is equivalent toA) France having a comparative advantage over Germany in ships.B) France having a comparative disadvantage compared to Germany in autos and ship s.C) Germany having a comparative advantage over France in autos and ships.D) France having no comparative advantage over Germany.E) France should produce autos.15.If the United States' production possibility frontier was flatter to the widget axis, whereas Germany's was flatter to the butter axis, we know thatA)the United States has no comparative advantageB)Germany has a comparative advantage in butter.C)the U.S. has a comparative advantage in butter.D)Germany has comparative advantages in both products.E)the U.S. has a comparative disadvantage in widgets.Ch4-Ch51.The Ricardian model of international trade demonstrates that trade can bemutually beneficial. Why, then, do governments restrict imports of some goods?A)Trade can have substantial effects on a country's distribution of income.B)The Ricardian model is often incorrect in its prediction that trade can bemutually beneficial.C)Import restrictions are the result of trade wars between hostile countries.D)Imports are only restricted when foreign-made goods do not meet domestic standar ds of qualityE) Restrictions on imports are intended to benefit domestic consumers.2.Japan's trade policies with regard to rice reflect the fact thatA) japanese rice farmers have significant political power.B) Japan has a comparative advantage in rice production and therefore exports most o f its rice crop.C) there would be no gains from trade available to Japan if it engaged in free trade in r ice.D) there are gains from trade that Japan captures by engaging in free trade in rice.E) Japan imports most of the rice consumed in the country.3.In the specific factors model, which of the following is treated as a specific factor?A)LaborB)LandC)ClothD)FoodE)Technology4.The specific factors model assumes that there are ________ goods and ________ fa ctor(s) of production.A) two; threeB) two; two C)two; one D)three; two E)four; three5.The slope of a country's production possibility frontier with cloth measured on the horizontal and food measured on the vertical axis in the specific factors model is equa l to ________ and it ________ as more cloth is produced.A)-MPLF/MPLC; becomes steeperB)-MPLF/MPLC; becomes flatterC)-MPLF/MPLC; is constantD)-MPLC/MPLF; becomes steeperE)-MPLC/MPLF; is constant6.Under perfect competition, the equilibrium price of labor used to produce clothwill be equal toA)the slope of the production possibility frontier.B)the average product of labor in the production of cloth times the price of cloth.C)the ratio of the marginal product of labor in the production of cloth to the marginal product of labor in the production of food times the ratio of the price of cloth. to the price of food.D)the marginal product of labor in the production of cloth times the price of cloth.E)the price of cloth divided by the marginal product of labor in the production of clot h.7.In the specific factors model, which of the following will increase the quantity ofla bor used in cloth production?A)an increase in the price of cloth relative to that of foodB) an increase in the price of food relative to that ofcloth C) a decrease in the price of laborD) an equal percentage decrease in the price of food and clothE) an equal percentage increase in the price of food and cloth8.A country that does not engage in trade can benefit from trade only ifA)it has an absolute advantage in at least one good.B)it employs a unique technology.C)pre-trade and free-trade relative prices are not identical.D)its wage rate is below the world average.E)pre-trade and free-trade relative prices are identical.9.In the specific factors model, the effects of trade on welfare are ________ for mobil e factors, ________ for fixed factors used to produce the exported good, and ________ for fixed factors used to produce the imported good.A)ambiguous; positive; negativeB) ambiguous; negative; positive C)positive; ambiguous; ambiguous D)negative; ambiguous; ambiguous E)positive; positive; positive10.The effect of trade on specialized employees of import-competing industries willb e ________ jobs and ________ pay because they are relatively ________.A)fewer; lower; mobileB)fewer; lower; immobileC)more; lower; immobileD)more; higher; mobileE)more; higher; immobile11. There is a bias in the political process against free trade becauseA)there is a high correlation between the volume of imports and the unemployment ra te.B)the gains from free trade cannot be measured.C)those who gain from free trade can't compensate those who lose.D)foreign governments make large donations to U.S. political campaigns.E) those who lose from free trade are better organized than those who gain.12.In the 2-factor, 2 good Heckscher-Ohlin model, the two countries differin A)tastes and preferences.B)military capabilities.C)the size of their economies.D)relative abundance of factors of production.E)labor productivities.13.If a country produces good Y (measured on the vertical axis) and good X (measure d on the horizontal axis), then the absolute value of the slope of its production possibil ity frontier is equal toA)the opportunity cost of good X.B) the price of good X divided by the price of good Y.C) the price of good X divided by the price of goodY. D) the opportunity cost of good Y.E)the cost of capital (assuming that good Y is capital intensive) divided by the costof labor.14.In the 2-factor, 2 good Heckscher-Ohlin model, trade will ________ the owners ofa country's ________ factor and will ________ the good that uses that factor intensiv ely.A)benefit; abundant; exportB)harm; abundant; importC)benefit; scarce; exportD)benefit; scarce; importE)harm; scarce; export15.The assumption of diminishing returns in the Heckscher-Ohlin model means that, unlike in the Ricardian model, it is likely thatA) countries will consume outside their production possibility frontier.B) countries will benefit from free international trade.C) countries will not be fully specialized in one product.D)comparative advantage will not determine the direction of trade.E)global production will decrease under trade.16.If Japan is relatively capital rich and the United States is relatively land rich, and if food is relatively land intensive then trade between these two, formerly autarkic coun tries will result inA)an increase in the relative price of food in the U.S.B)an increase in the relative price of food in Japan.C)a global increase in the relative price of food.D)a decrease in the relative price of food in both countries.E)an increase in the relative price of food in both countries.17.Starting from an autarky (no-trade) situation with Heckscher-Ohlin model, if Coun try H is relatively labor abundant, then once trade beginsA) rent will be unchanged but wages will rise in H.B) wages and rents should rise in H.C) wages and rents should fall in H.D) wages should fall and rents should rise in H.E) wages should rise and rents should fall in H.18.The Leontieff ParadoxA)failed to support the validity of the Heckscher-Ohlin model.B)supported the validity of the Ricardian theory of comparative advantage.C)supported the validity of the Heckscher-Ohlin model.D)failed to support the validity of the Ricardian theory.E)proved that the U.S. economy is different from all others.19. Which of the following is an assertion of the Heckscher-Ohlin model?A)Factor price equalization will occur only if there is costless mobility of all factors a cross borders.B)An increase in a country's labor supply will increase production of both the capital-intensive and the labor-intensive good.C)In the long-run, labor is mobile and capital is not.D)The wage-rental ratio determines the capital-labor ratio in a country's industr ies.E)Factor endowments determine the technology that is available to a country, which determines the good in which the country will have a comparative advantage.20. Which of the following is an assertion of the Heckscher-Ohlin model?A)An increase in a country's labor supply will increase production of the labor-i ntensive good and decrease production of the capital-intensive good.B)An increase in a country's labor supply will increase production of both the capital-intensive and the labor-intensive good.C)In the long-run, labor is mobile and capital is not.D)Factor price equalization will occur only if there is costless mobility of all factors a cross borders.E)Factor endowments determine the technology that is available to a country, which determines the good in which the country will have a comparative advantage.Ch6-Ch101.If the ratio of price of cloth (PC) divided by the price of food (PF) increases in thei nternational marketplace, thenA)the terms of trade of cloth exporters will improve.B)all countries would be better off.C)the terms of trade of food exporters will improve.D)the terms of trade of all countries will improve.E) the terms of trade of cloth exporters will worsen.2.If the ratio of price of cloth (PC) divided by the price of food (PF) increases in thei nternational marketplace, thenA)world relative quantity of cloth supplied will increase.B)world relative quantity of cloth supplied and demanded will increase.C)world relative quantity of cloth supplied and demanded will decrease.D)world relative quantity of cloth demanded will decrease.E)world relative quantity of food will increase.3.If the U.S. (a large country) imposes a tariff on its imported good, this will tend toA)have no effect on terms of trade.B)improve the terms of trade of the United States.C)improve the terms of trade of all countries.D)because a deterioration of U.S. terms of trade.E)raise the world price of the good imported by the United States.4.If Slovenia were a large country in world trade, then if it instituted a large set of sub sidies for its exports, this mustA)decrease its marginal propensity to consume.B)have no effect on its terms of trade.C)improve its terms of trade.D)harm its terms of trade.E)harm world terms of trade.5.Internal economies of scale arise when the cost per unitA)falls as the average firm grows larger.B)rises as the industry grows larger.C)falls as the industry grows larger.D)rises as the average firm grows larger.E)remains constant over a broad range of output.6. External economies of scale will ________ average cost when output is ________ by _______.A)reduce; increased; the industryB)reduce; increased; a firmC)increase; increased; a firmD)increase; increased; the industryE)reduce; reduce; the industry7.If some industries exhibit internal increasing returns to scale in each country, we sh ould not expect to seeA) perfect competition in these industries.B) intra-industry trade between countries.C)inter-industry trade between countries.D)high levels of specialization in both countries.E)increased productivity in both countries.8.A learning curve relates ________ to ________ and is a case of ________ returns.A) unit cost; cumulative production; dynamic decreasing returnsB)output per time period; long-run marginal cost; dynamic increasing returnsC)unit cost; cumulative production; dynamic increasing returnsD)output per time period; long-run marginal cost; dynamic decreasing returnsE)labor productivity; education; increasing marginal returns9.Patterns of interregional trade are primarily determined by ________ rather than __ ______ because factors of production are generally ________.A)external economies; natural resources; mobileB)internal economies; external economies; mobileC)external economies; population; immobileD)internal economies; population; immobileE)population; external economies; immobile10.Monopolistic competition is associatedwith A) product differentiation.B) price-taking behavior.C) explicit consideration at the firm level of the strategic impact of other firms' pricing decisions. D) high profit margins in the long run.E) increasing returns to scale.11.A firm in long-run equilibrium under monopolistic competition will earnA)positive monopoly profits because each sells a differentiated product.B)zero economic profits because of free entryC)positive oligopoly profits because each firm sells a differentiated product.D)negative economic profits because it has economies of scale.E)positive economic profit if it engages in international trade.12.The most common form of price discrimination in international tradeis A) dumping.B) non-tariff barriers.C) Voluntary Export Restraints.D) preferential trade arrangements.E) product boycotts.13.Consider the following two cases. In the first, a U.S. firm purchases 18% of a forei gn firm. In the second, a U.S. firm builds a new production facility in a foreign countr y. Both are ________, with the first referred to as ________ and the second as ______ __.A)foreign direct investment (FDI) outflows; brownfield; greenfieldB)foreign direct investment (FDI) inflows; greenfield; brownfieldC)foreign direct investment (FDI) outflows; greenfield; brownfieldD)foreign direct investment (FDI) inflows; brownfield; greenfieldE)foreign direct investment (FDI); inflows; outflows14. Specific tariffs areA)import taxes stated in specific legal statutes.B)import taxes calculated as a fixed charge for each unit of imported goods.C)import taxes calculated as a fraction of the value of the imported goods.D)the same as import quotas.E)import taxes calculated based solely on the origin country.15.A problem encountered when implementing an "infant industry" tariff isthat A) domestic consumers will purchase the foreign good regardless of thetariff. B) the industry may never "mature."C)most industries require tariff protection when they are mature.D)the tariff may hurt the industry's domestic sales.E)the tariffs fail to protect the domestic producers.16.In the country levying the tariff, the tariff will A)increase both consumer and producer surplus.B) decrease both the consumer and producer surplus.C) decrease consumer surplus and increase producer surplus.D) increase consumer surplus and decrease producer surplus.E) decrease consumer surplus but leave producers surplus unchanged.17.If the tariff on computers is not changed, but domestic computer producers shift fr om domestically produced semiconductors to imported components, then the effective rate of protection in the computer industry willA) increase.B) decreaseC) remain the same.D)depend on whether computers are PCs or "Supercomputers."E)no longer apply.18.When a government allows raw materials and other intermediate products to enter a country duty free, this generally results in a(an)A) effective tariff rate less than the nominal tariff rate.B) nominal tariff rate less than the effective tariff rate.C) rise in both nominal and effective tariff rates.D) fall in both nominal and effective tariff rates. E) rise in only the effective tariff rat e.19.Should the home country be "large" relative to its trade partners, its imposition ofa tariff on imports would lead to an increase in domestic welfare if the terms of thetra de rectangle exceed the sum of theA) revenue effect plus redistribution effect.B) protective effect plus revenue effect.C) consumption effect plus redistribution effect.D)production distortion effect plus consumption distortion effect.E)terms of trade gain.20.The efficiency case made for free trade is that as trade distortions such as tariffs ar e dismantledand removed,A) government tariff revenue will decrease, and therefore national economic welfare will decreaseB) government tariff revenue will decrease, and therefore national econo mic welfare will increase.C) deadweight losses for producers and consumers will decrease, henceincreasin g national economic welfare.D)deadweight losses for producers and consumers will decrease, hence decreasing na tional economic welfare.E)government tariff revenue will increase, hence increasing national economic welfar e.21.Which organization determines procedures for the settlement of international trade disputes?A)World BankB)World Trade OrganizationC)International Monetary OrganizationD)International Bank for Reconstruction and DevelopmentE)The League of Nations22.Today U.S. protectionism is concentratedin A) high-tech industries.B) labor-intensive industries.C) industries in which Japan has a comparative advantage.D)computer intensive industries.E)capital-intensive industries.23.The quantitative importance of U.S. protection of the domestic clothing industryis best explained by the fact thatA)this industry is an important employer of highly skilled labor.B)this industry is an important employer of low skilled labor.C)most of the exporters of clothing into the U.S. are poor countries.D)this industry is a politically well organized sector in the U.S.E)the technology involved is very advanced.欢迎下载1124.The optimum tariff is most likely to applyto A) a small tariff imposed by a small country.B) a small tariff imposed by a large country. C)a large tariff imposed by a small country. D) alarge tariff imposed by a large country. E) anad valorem tariff on a small country.25.The median voter modelA)works well in the area of trade policy.B)is not intuitively reasonable.C)tends to result in biased tariff rates.D)does not work well in the area of trade policy.E)is not widely practiced in the United States.欢迎下载12。
2019年国际经济学试题与答案
全国2009年4月高等教育自学考试国际经济学试题一、单项选择题（本大题共25小题，每小题1分，共25分）在每小题列出的四个备选项中只有一个是符合题目要求的，请将其代码填写在题后的括号内。
错选、多选或未选均无分。
1．列宁指出资本主义自由竞争阶段表现出的基本经济特征是（）A．商品输出 B．资本输出C．劳务输出 D．技术输出2．相对技术差异论和绝对技术差异论的提出者分别是（）A．魁奈和斯密 B．李嘉图和斯密C．李嘉图和奥林 D．奥林和魁奈3．改变了传统国际贸易理论的基本命题的国际贸易理论是（）A．成本递增条件下的比较利益理论 B．嗜好论C．产业内贸易理论 D．自然资源禀赋论4．首先提出要素价格均等化命题的国际贸易理论是（）A．生产要素禀赋论 B．产品生命周期理论C．自然资源禀赋论 D．差异产品贸易理论5．下述不能有效改善初级产品出口国在国际贸易中的地位和处境的方法是（）A．有计划地控制出口规模B．进行深加工，获取更多的附加值C．利用差别产品的方法扩大出口品需求弹性D．扩大生产规模以期获得规模经济的利益6．幼稚工业保护论的主要代表人物是汉密尔顿和（）A．李斯特 B．李嘉图C．萨伊 D．托马斯·孟7．分配进口配额常常要与进口许可证相结合，下列不属于分配许可证的方法是（）A．政府适当分配 B．竞争性拍卖C．固定的受惠 D．资源使用申请程序8．倾销行为主要分为两种，包括（）A．掠夺性倾销和间歇性倾销 B．攻击性倾销和间歇性倾销C．持续性倾销和掠夺性倾销 D．持续性倾销和间歇性倾销9．战略性贸易政策的核心内容是（）A．鼓励企业积极参与国际竞争B．反倾销政策C．通过政府干预发展本国产业的竞争优势D．出口补贴10．建立国际经济一体化组织需要一些条件，下列不属于其中条件的是（）A．成员国在地理上相互邻近 B．成员国之间经济的互补C．成员国之间政治制度比较接近 D．成员国需都是发达国家11．1982年后石油价格下跌的原因不包括（）A．非石油输出国组织增加石油生产和出口B．西方国家寻找替代能源，减少对石油的依赖C．石油输出国组织成员国的背叛行为D．西方大石油公司对产油国生产和订价垄断经营12．采取出口导向战略的国家倾向于（）A．保护贸易政策 B．自由贸易政策C．非关税贸易壁垒 D．关税贸易壁垒13．世界贸易组织是约束各成员之间贸易规范和贸易政策的（）A．世界经济集团 B．国际经济组织C．区域经济组织 D．国际一体化组织14．中国采取的汇率制度是（）A．固定汇率制度 B．完全自由浮动汇率制度C．有管理的浮动汇率制度 D．钉住汇率制度15．随着信息技术的发展，各类外汇市场上的汇率差异变动的趋势是（）A．扩大 B．缩小C．不变 D．变化不确定16．在国际收支平衡表中，下列不属于经常项目的是（）A．商品贸易收支 B．非货币用途的黄金贸易C．保险费和保险赔偿支付 D．货币用途的黄金交易17．当出现需求无弹性时，一国货币贬值可以导致（）A．贸易收支改善 B．贸易收支恶化C．出口数量下降 D．出口换汇增加18．根据国际收支调整论的吸收方法，若c>1，则（）A．贬值通过闲置资本效应使国民吸收的增加小于国民收入的增加，贸易收支改善B．贬值通过闲置资本效应使国民吸收的增加大于国民收入的增加，贸易收支改善C．贬值通过闲置资本效应使国民吸收的增加小于国民收入的增加，贸易收支恶化D．贬值通过闲置资本效应使国民吸收的增加大于国民收入的增加，贸易收支恶化19．在20世纪初，l英镑含金量为7.32250克，l美元的含金量为1.50466克，则英镑与美元之间的汇率应为1英磅等于（）A．3.8665美元 B．4.8665美元C．5.8665美元 D．6.8665美元20．蒙代尔等提出了国际收支的货币调整法，其理论基础是（）A．价格—铸币流动机制 B．利息平价理论C．资产选择机制 D．理性预期理论21．在发展中国家利用外资的主要渠道中，不需要偿还的引资方式是（）A．官方贷款 B．发行债券C．银行贷款 D．外国直接投资22．国际收支的调节方式不包括（）A．动用国际储备 B．调整汇率C．调整工资 D．调整货币发行量23．根据利润最大化原理，一般情况下企业海外扩张过程实现的顺序是（）A．出口—直接投资—发放许可证 B．出口—发行许可证—直接投资C．发放许可证—出口—直接投资 D．发放许可证—直接投资—出口24．储蓄和投资函数通常存在以下关系（）A．储蓄与实际利率正相关，投资与实际利率正相关B．储蓄与实际利率负相关，投资与实际利率正相关C．储蓄与实际利率正相关，投资与实际利率负相关D．储蓄与实际利率负相关，投资与实际利率负相关25．劳动力在各国间的流动使劳动力的流出国（）A．财政总收入增加，公共设施利用率提高B．财政总收入增加，公共设施利用率下降C．财政总收入减少，公共设施利用率提高D．财政总收入减少，公共设施利用率下降二、多项选择题（本大题共5小题，每小题2分，共10分）在每小题列出的五个备选项中有二至五个是符合题目要求的，请将其代码填写在题后的括号内。
国际经济学(外语)习题9.doc
Chapter 9 - International Mobility of Productive FactorsObjective Questions1.Incoming direct foreign investment in a new plant in the U.S. is likely to(a)hurt the U.S. balance of payments on the capital account.(b)lower the earnings of American workers.(c)increase the rate of return to capital employed in the U.S.(d)none of the above.2.Which of the following affects the relative investment climate between two countries?(a)the general level of economic activity.(b)tax and tariff policies.(c)general institutional arrangements.(d)all of the above.3.Current U.S. tax law(a)credits in full taxes paid to foreign governments to the maximum rate of U.S. corporatetaxation.(b)allows firms to deduct foreign taxes as costs.(c)does not allow firms either cost deductions or tax credits.(d)allows firms to credit half of the foreign taxes paid.4.The international movement of investment capital is likely to(a)decrease world welfare by lowering exports.(b)increase world welfare by assisting in a more efficient distribution of factors.(c)reduce world welfare by causing bankruptcies in host countries.(d)reduce world welfare by circumventing tariff barriers.5.Total U.S. overseas foreign investment in 1994 was book valued at about(a) $450 million.(b) $600 billion.(c) $4.5 trillion.(d) $450 trillion.6.From the point of view of the national interest foreign investment will be beneficial only if(a)net-of-tax returns abroad exceed net-of-tax returns at home.(b)gross returns abroad exceed net-of-tax returns at home.(c)net-of-tax returns abroad exceed gross returns at home.(d)gross returns abroad exceed gross returns at home.7.From the point of view of the private firm foreign investment will be profitable only if(a)net-of-tax returns abroad exceed net-of-tax returns at home.(b)gross returns abroad exceed net-of-tax returns at home.(c)net-of-tax returns abroad exceed gross returns at home.(d)gross returns abroad exceed gross returns at home.8.From the point of view of the world as a whole foreign investment will increase welfare only if(a)net-of-tax returns abroad exceed net-of^tax returns at home.(b)gross returns abroad exceed net-of-tax returns at home.(c)net-of-tax returns abroad exceed gross returns at home.(d)gross returns abroad exceed gross returns at home.9.The phenomenon of transfer pricing occurs when(a)there are bilateral trade flows.(b)there is extensive use of bartering.(c)goods are sold between subsidiaries of MNCs.(d) a nation uses multiple exchange rate schemes.10.In general the impact of incoming direct investment on the host country's welfare will be(a)negative because the return to labor will be lowered.(b)positive because it results in cheaper labor.(c)positive because it raises labor productivity.(d)negative because it raises the return to capital.11.Japanese direct foreign investment in the U.S. in 1991 was(a)the largest of any nation.(b)greater than that of all other nations combined.(c)exceeded only by that of the U.K.(d)actually less than that of ten other nations.12.Which of the following statements is most justified?(a)The international movement of capital is beneficial to world welfare; labor movementnever is.(b)International labor mobility is always beneficial to world welfare; capital mobility never is.(c)Neither capital nor labor movements ever contribute to raising world welfare.(d)Labor mobility generally raises world welfare; an exception may be when labor movementleads to the loss of substantial externalities.13.The effect of outgoing direct foreign investment on the welfare of the source country is likely to be(a)positive since total investment is raised.(b)positive since it raises the income of domestic labor.(c)negative because it lowers domestic investment and harms labor productivity.(d)positive since it increases tax flows to the government.14.The largest investor in the U.S. market is(a) France.(b) Japan.(c) Germany.(d) theU.K.15.Industrial nations engage in DFI to reduce production costs by(a)gaining access to raw materials.(b)circumventing protectionist barriers.(c)gaining access to low cost labor.(d)all of the above.16.Over time, a country that opens itself up to the global economy will(a)experience a net loss of jobs.(b)tend to experience higher annual growth rates.(c)attract less direct foreign investments.(d lower its living standards.17.When a balanced view is taken, global outsourcing by U.S. companies(a)results in a net loss of jobs.(b)discourages spending on technology upgrading.(c)reduces competitiveness of firms engaged in outsourcing.(d)creates benefits for the U.S.18.Global outsourcing(a)is a threat to living standards.(b)is an extension of the principle of comparative advantage.(c)entails more costs than benefits.(d)counters the process of globalization.。
《国际经济学》模拟考试题库
《国际经济学》模拟考试题库一.单选题1.回租租赁属于（）A.经营性租赁B.维修租赁C.综合租赁D.融资性租赁2.将计算机程序作为文学作品保护的国际公约是()A.伯尔尼公约B.巴黎公约C.与贸易有关的知识产权协定D.关税与贸易总协定3.国际货币牙买加体系与布雷顿森林体系的重大区别在于（）A.采取黄金-美元本位制B.采取固定汇率制C.废除特别提款权制度D.黄金与货币脱钩4.欧盟的宗旨是（）A.建立关税联盟B.建立经济与货币联盟C.建立政治联盟，并制定欧盟宪法D.建立经济与货币联盟和政治联盟5.下面有关TRIMS协议的陈述，正确的是()A.该协议适用于知识产权B.该协议禁止当地成分要求C.该协议适用于服务贸易D.该协议允许贸易平衡要求6.法律意义的国际重复征税与经济意义的国际重复征税的区别在于（）A.课税对象不同B.纳税主体的非同一性C.征税期间不同D.税收性质不同7.亚太经济合作组织投资法制的特点是()A.规定了外资待遇B.规定了征收的补偿原则C.各成员的承诺是以共同宣言作出的，具有充分的灵活性D.规定了外资的保护8.中国甲公司与外国乙公司签定了出口一批水果的合同，双方约定货到验收以后付款。
货到买方验收时发现水果总重短少10％，且抽样检查每个水果的重量也低于合同规定，乙公司于是拒绝付款也拒绝收货。
后来水果全部腐烂。
请问，本案中水果腐烂的损失应当由谁承担？（）A.乙公司B.甲公司C.承运人D.甲公司和乙公司各承担一半9.《世界版权公约》规定的版权保护期是()A.不少于作者有生之年及其死后的25年B.不少于作者有生之年及其死后的50年C.不少于作者有生之年及其死后的15年D.不少于作者有生之年及其死后的10年10.下列哪一项是世界贸易组织的章程性法律文件？（）A.《关税与贸易总协定临时适用议定书》B.《建立世界贸易组织协议》C.《与贸易有关的知识产权协议》D.《1994年关税与贸易总协定》11.根据《华盛顿公约》，下述关于“解决投资争端国际中心”管辖权的论述，正确的选项是（）A.中心受理资本输出国与其国民间因投资引起的法律争端B.中心受理外国投资者与东道国公司之间因投资引起的法律争端C.中心受理外国投资者与东道国政府间因投资引起的法律争端D.中心受理东道国政府与其国民间因投资引起的法律争端12.DES术语的中文名称是（）A.边境交货B.目的港码头交货C.未完税交货D.目的港船上交货13.《联合国国际货物买卖合同公约》在风险转移方面采取()原则。
国际经济学试题试卷答案真题
国际经济学试卷一、单选题 (每题1分，共20分)1.J曲线效应是指( )。
A.一国的货币升值后,最初只会使国际收支状况进一步恶化,只有经过一段时滞以后,才会使贸易收入增加,并改善国际收支状况B.一国的货币贬值后,最初只会使国际收支状况进一步恶化,只有经过一段时滞以后,才会使贸易支出减少,并改善国际收支状况C.一国的货币贬值后,最初会使国际收支状况进一步改善,但只有经过一段时滞以后,贸易收入减少,并恶化国际收支状况D.一国的货币贬值后,最初只会使国际收支状况进一步恶化,只有经过一段时滞以后,才会使贸易收入增加,并改善国际收支状况2.当一国政府对某种产品征收进口关税时,若该产品的需求弹性大于供给弹性,生产者与消费者承担关税的程度是()。
A.前者大于后者B.后者大于前者C.两者相等D.不确定3.价格比较规范,不容易出现通货膨胀的汇率制度是( )。
A.固定汇率制B.自由汇率制C.管理汇率制D.浮动汇率制4.如果两国商品生产过程中都出现了中性技术进步,则两国的提供曲线( )。
A.都内移B.都外移C.一国内移,一国外移D.一国外移,一国不变5.具有明显政策优势的汇率制度是( )。
A.固定汇率制B.自由汇率制C.管理汇率制D.浮动汇率制6.在一定汇率条件下,一国物价水平普遍上升,导致出口下降、进口增加,国际收支趋于逆差,这种国际收支不平衡,属于( )。
A.周期性不平衡B.结构性不平衡C.收入性不平衡D.价格性不平衡7.根据S-S定理,如果劳动密集型产品的相对价格上升,劳动力的实际报酬将( )。
A.上升B.不变C.下降D.其它选项说法都不准确8.提供曲线,又叫( )。
A.无差异曲线B.贸易无差异曲线C.生产可能性曲线D.相互需求曲线9.目前,中国加入的地区经济一体化组织是( )。
A.北美自由贸易区B.中日——东盟自由贸易区C.IMFD.WTO10.居民在国外投资收益的汇回应该记入( )。
A.经常账户B.错误和遗漏账户C.资本和金融账户D.官方储备账户11.斯旺模型的原理说明当经济处于通货膨胀和国际收支顺差时,应采取的政策是( )。
7月全国国际经济学自考试题及答案解析
全国2019年7月高等教育自学考试国际经济学试题课程代码：00140一、单项选择题(在每小题的四个备选答案中，选出一个正确答案，并将正确答案的序号填在题干的括号内。
每小题1分，共20分)1.亚当·斯密的绝对技术差异论是以（）为前提的。
A.劳动生产率不变B.消费水平不变C.机会成本不变D.劳动分工不变2.（）从需求的角度对部门内贸易作了解释。
A.差异产品贸易理论B.规模经济贸易理论C.战略性贸易理论D.重叠需求贸易理论3.在赫克歇尔—俄林模型中，国际贸易主要基于各国在（）方面的差别。
A.技术B.要素禀赋C.规模经济D.产品差异化4.相互倾销国际贸易理论不适宜在（）市场条件下运用。
A.垄断竞争B.寡头垄断C.完全竞争D.垄断5.在垄断竞争的贸易模型中（）。
A.如果两国拥有同样的总体资本—劳动比例，它们之间就不会发生贸易B.贸易导致了商品品种的增多和规模经济效应的扩大，进而可以带来收益C.从长期看，厂商可以获利D.要素禀赋并不能决定产业间贸易的发生6.成员国之间生产要素不能．．自由流动的国际经济一体化形式是（）。
A.关税同盟B.共同市场C.经济同盟D.完全经济一体化7.有利于发展中国家集中发展工业制成品出口的因素包括（）。
A.发达国家大力支持工业制成品的自由贸易B.发达国家对纺织、服装和鞋类产品实行很低的关税C.进口国在政治上倾向于对方采取自愿出口限制D.初级产品价格下降趋势8.以下哪一项是最为正确的?（）A.在竞争条件下，与关税制相比，进口配额可以使与进口品相竞争的生产者获取更大的利润B.与关税制相比，进口配额更适合于在紧急情况中使用C.配额制比关税制更有效率D.进口配额往往产生垄断租金9.因为销售旺季已过，或因公司改营其他业务，在国内市场上不能售出“剩余货物”，而向国外市场倾销，称之为（）。
A.偶然性倾销B.间歇性倾销C.掠夺性倾销D.长期性倾销110.中国也是石油输出国之一，随着经济发展，中国的石油出口（）。
2019年4月全国自考《国际经济学》试题及答案
绝密＊考试结束前全国2019 年4 月高等教育自学考试国际经济学试题课程代码：00140请考生按规定用笔将所有试题的答案涂、写在答题纸上。
选择题部分注意事项：1.答题前，考生务必将自己的考试课程名称、姓名、准考证号用黑色字迹的签字笔或钢笔填写在答题纸规定的位置上。
2.每小题选出答案后，用 2 B 铅笔把答题纸上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。
如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。
不能答在试题卷上。
一、单项选择题：本大题共25 小题，每小题1 分，共25 分。
在每小题列出的备选项中只有一项是最符合题目要求的，请将其选出。
1.15 世纪初到18 世纪中叶，在国际贸易和国际收支理论方面占主导地位的是A.重商主义B. 重衣主义C. 重金主义D. 生产要素禀赋理论2.赫克歇尔—奥林模型认为国际贸易的根本原因是各国A.技术水平不同B. 技术水平相同C. 产品质量不同D. 生产要素禀赋不同3.被后人称为“对对外贸易依赖的递减规律”理论的提出者是A.凯恩斯B. 松巴特C. 罗伯特逊D. 克鲁格曼4.根据克拉克的收入分配原理，劳动力价格水平线以下的部分为A.保持不变的那种生产要素的总收入B.不断减少的那种生产要素的总支出C.不断增加的那种生产要素的总收入D.保持不变的那种生产要素的总支出浙00140# 国际经济学试题第1 页（共5 页）5.商品的进口对千进口竞争部门而言，其共同生产要素和专门生产要素的收入水平将出现的现象是A.两者都升B. 两者都降C. 前者升后者降D. 前者降后者升6.古典经济学家在论述对外贸易对一国经济增长的作用时提出了A.雁形模型理论和大宗产品出口理论B.雁形模型理论和产品生命周期理论C.剩余物资出口论和大宗产品出口理论D. 剩余物资出口论和产品生命周期理论7.进口竞争部门密集使用的生产要素的增长速度超过出口部门的生产要素的增长速度的是A.悲惨的增长C. 偏向进口的生产要素增长8.反倾销的一般政策措施是征收B. 生产要素的等比例增长D.偏向出口的生产要素增长A.进口税B. 过境税C. 出口税9.进口国对进口品征收进口关税的经济影响是D.反倾销税A.不利于进口国进口品的消费者，有利于进口国与进口品相竞争的生产者B.不利于进口国进口品的消费者，不利千进口国与进口品相竞争的生产者C.有利千进口国进口品的消费者，有利于进口国与进口品相竞争的生产者D.有利千进口国进口品的消费者，不利千进口国与进口品相竞争的生产者10.最佳关税来源于A.出口国厂商主动承担的损失B. 出口国厂商被迫承担的关税C. 进口国厂商主动承担的损失D. 进口国厂商被迫承担的关税11. 成员国间相互取消进口关税和与关税具有同等效力的其他措施而形成的国际经济一体化组织是A.关税同盟C. 经济联盟B. 共同市场D. 自由贸易区12.下列选项中与国际卡特尔的产品订价成正比的是A.产品的需求弹性B. 卡特尔的市场占有率C. 对卡特尔产品的需求弹性D. 非卡特尔厂商产品的供给弹性13.石油输出国组织成员国是在哪一年第一次提出提高原油标价的？A. 1960B. 1965C. 1970D. 197514.下列选项中不属千“亚洲四小龙”的是A.日本B. 韩国C. 新加坡D. 中国台湾省15.下列选项中关千关税与贸易总协定的说法正确的是A.它是永久性协定C. 它现在仍与WTO 并存16.国际收支调整的弹性论的最先提出者是B.它是临时性协定D.它对缔约国不具有约束力A.罗伯逊B. 梅次勒C. 哈伯勒D. 马歇尔17.下列选项中应当计入国际收支统计中的贷方项目的是A.商品出口B.本国居民进口商品c. 本国居民在外国旅行或旅游支出D. 外国居民收回其在本国的投资和贷款18.某银行即期汇率报价US $ l=DMl.7889~1.7899, 远期差额为400~360, 则该银行远期汇率报价为$l=DM C1.7889—0.04 ) ~C1.7899—0.036 )$l=DM(1.7889—0.036 )~C1.7899-0.04)$l=DM C1.7889—0.4 )~( 1.7899—0.36)D.US$l=DM C1.7889—0.36 ) ~ (1. 7899—0.4)19.对贸易小国而言，在需求无弹性的情况下，货币贬值会导致A.贸易收支改善B. 贸易收支恶化C. 出口数量下降D. 出口换汇增加20.开放经济条件下，假定一国的边际储蓄倾向为0.05, 边际进口倾向为0.2, 则该国的外贸乘数为A. 2B. 3C. 4D. 521.固定汇率比浮动汇率能更加有效的应对A.出口需求冲击C. 资本流动冲击B. 进口供给冲击D. 内部经济的冲击22.发展中国家引进外资的四大主要渠道中无需担心偿还问题的是A.官方贷款C. 发行债券B. 银行贷款D. 外国直接投资23. 世界上首次实行金本位制的国家是A. 英国B. 美 国C. 德国D. 法 国24. 在下列投资方式中，属于国际直接投资的是A. 购买外国政府债券B. 购买外国企业债券C. 在国外开设合资企业D. 向外国企业提供商业贷款 25. 劳动力在各国间的流动使劳动力移出国劳动力的A. 需求方获利，供给方亦获利 C. 供给方受损，需求方亦受损B. 需求方获利，而供给方受损 D. 供给方获利，而需求方受损二、多项选择题： 本大题共 5 小题， 每小题 2 分， 共 10 分。
国际经济学题库英文版
国际经济学题库(英文版)Part Ⅰ. Fill in the blank with suitable content.1.Seven themes recur throughout the study of international economics. These are the gains from trade , the pattern of trade , protectionism the balance of payments, exchange rate determination, international policy coordination, international capital market.2. Countries engage in international trade for two basic reasons : comparative advantage and economics of scale .3. A country has a comparative advantage in producing a good if the opportunity cost of producing that good in terms of other goods is lower in that country than it is in other countries.4. Labor is the only one factor of production. LC a 、LW a and *LC a 、*LW a are the unit labor requirement in cheese and wine at Home and Foreign, respectively. If aLC/aLW<aLC*/aLW* , Home has a comparative advantage in cheese. C p /W p is the relative price of cheese, whenaLC/aLW< Pc/Pw<aLC*/aLW* Home and Foreign specialize in producing cheese and wine , respectively.5. Labor is the only one factor of production. LC a 、LW a and *LC a 、*LW a are the unit labor requirement in cheese and wine at Home and Foreign, respectively. L and L*are Home’s and Foreign’s laborforce. If LC a /LW a <C p /W p <*LC a /*LW a , the world relative supply of cheese equals （L/aLC ）/(L*/aLW*) . Home’s gains from indirectly producing wine can be shown as (1/aLC)(Pc/Pw)－1/aLW6. In specific factors model(Q M =Q M (K, L M ); Q F =Q F (T, L F ); L=L M +L F ), if Home produces and trades manufactured goods for food , the overall comparison of the five change rate of goods price andfactor price MP ˆ、F P ˆ、K r ˆ、T r ˆ、W ˆinside Home is T F M K r P W P r ∧∧∧∧∧〉〉〉〉 . That is, the real income of capitalists increase, it can be shown as ↑M K P r ↑↑M K P r .7. There are two main reasons why international trade has strong effects on the distribution ofincome. First, resources can ’t move immediately or costlessly form one industry to another Second Industries differ in the factors of production they demand.8. In the Heckscher-Ohlin model,Comparative advantage is influenced by the interaction between relative abundance and relative intensity9.According to stolper-sammelson effect if the relative price of a good rises, the real income of the factor which intensively used in that good will rise, while the real income of the other factor will fall.10.According to 罗布津斯基效应 Rybczynski effect , at unchanged relative goods price, if the supply of a factor of production increases, the output of the good that are intensive in that factor will rise, while the output of the other good will fall.11.According to H-O 模型H-O proposition , owners of a country’s abundant factors gain from trade, but owners of a country’s scare factors lose.12.According to 要素价格均等化命题 Factor price equalization proposition , international trade produces a convergence （收敛） of relative goods prices. This convergence, in turns, causes the convergence of the relative factor prices. Trade leads to complete equalization of factor prices.（完整的要素价格均等化）13. Three assumptions （假设） crucial to the prediction of factor price equalization are in reality untrue. These assumptions are (1) 两个国家都生产两种产品 both countries produce both goods (2) 两国技术相同 technologies are the same (3) 存在贸易壁垒：天然壁垒和人为壁垒There are barriers to trade: natural barriers and artificial barriers .14.“U.S. exports w ere less capital-intensive than U.S. imports” is known as 里昂惕夫悖论 Leontief paradox .15.The Ricardian Model , the Specific Factor model and the H-O model may be viewed as special cases （特殊情况） of 标准贸易模型 standard trade models16.The standard trade model derives （派生 推导） a world relative supply curve （曲线） fromproduction possibilities and a world relative demand curve from preferences . 17.To export-biased growth, if the decline （下降） of the welfare caused by the deterioration （恶化） of the terms of trade swap over （交换） the rise of the welfare caused by growth, the growth is immiserizing growth (贫困化增长).18. Some economists argued that export-biased growth by poor nations would worsen their term of trade so much that they would be worse off than if they had not grown at all. This situation is known as immiserizing growth (贫困化增长).19.Immiserizing growth demands strict conditions, these conditions are economic growth is strongly export-biased , the growing country is large enough to affect the world price , RS and RD must be very steep .20.According to “ 梅茨勒悖论Metzle paradox ”, t ariffs and export subsidies （补贴） might have perverse （有害的） effects on internal price. 21.In the model of “Monopolistic （垄断） Competition and Trade”, firms of an individual nation face the trade-off between economies of scale and variety of products .22. Marshall argued that there were three main reasons why a cluster of firms （企业集群）may be more efficient than an individual firm in isolation: specialized supplies , labor market pooling ,knowledge spillovers (知识溢出)23.The pattern of intraindustry （产业内） trade itself is unpredicted, history and accident determine the details of the trade pattern.39. When there is external economies （外部经济）, the pattern of international trade is determined by economics of scale interact with comparative advantage .24. The indexes （指标）of intrainindustry trade of a industry can be calculated by the standard formula:25. Interindustry trade and intrainindustry （产业内） trade are the sources of gains from trade . When countries are similar in their relative factor supplies 、scale economies and product differentiations are important , intrainindustry trade is the dominant source （主要来源） of gains from trade, everyone gains from trade. 26.The argument of temporary （暂时的） protection of industries to enable them to gain experience is known as 幼稚产业论the infant industry argument27. If we add together the gains and losses from a tariff, We find the net effect on national welfarecan be separated into two parts: terms of trade gain and efficiency loss 28.Why do countries adopt trade policies such as tariff or import quota, which produce more costs than benefits?—— trade politics29.In the political economy of trade policy （贸易政策的政治经济学） , government are assumed to （被假定为）maximize 政治成功political success rather than 国家福利 national welfare . 30.Deviations from free trade can sometimes increase national welfare. These arguments include the term of trade argument for a tariff and the domestic market failure argument31.According to “Specific rule (对症规则)”, domestic market failure should be corrected by domestic policies aimed directly at the problem’s sources.32. Although market failures are probably common, the domestic market failure argument against free trade should not be applied too freely.First domestic market failure should be corrected bydomestic policies aimed directly at the problems ’ sources ;Second economists cannot diagnose market failure well enough to prescribe policy .33. International trade often produces losers as well as winners. In the actual politics of trade policy,exp 1exp orts importsI orts imports -=-+income distribution is of crucial importance. 集体行动问题The problem of collective action can explain why policies that not only seem to produce more costs than benefits but that also seem to hurt far more voters them they can help can nonetheless be adopted.34.The WTO includes four aspects content: GATT 1994, GATS , TRIPS , TRIMS35.“Nondiscriminatory” principles （非歧视性原则）include most favored nation principle and national treatment principle 36.For preferential （优惠） trading agreements, such as customs union , countries must cede part of their sovereignty to supranational entity （必须放弃部分主权的超国家实体）37.Whether a customs union （关税同盟） is desirable （可取） or undesirable depends on whether it largely leads to trade creation or trade diversion .38.Trade policy in developing countries is concerned with two objectives （涉及两个目标）: promoting industrialization and Coping with the problem of the dual economy . industrialization and coping with the problems of the dual economy. Correspondingly, there are two main arguments for developing countries to pursue policy of import-substituting industrialization. The two arguments are the infant industry argument t and market failure justification for infant industry protection .40. Sophisticated proponents of the infant industry argument have identified two market failures as reasons why infant industry protection may be a good idea: The imperfect capital markets justification and The appropriability argument .Part Ⅱ. True or False (true and false are denoted by “T” and “F”, respectively) 1. If a LW */a L C *<a LW /a L C , Home’s relative productivity in cheese is higher. (T )2. According to the Ricardian model, it is precisely because the relative wage is between the relative productivities that each country ends up with a cost advantage in one good.The good for which *Li a /Li a>w /*w will be produced in Foreign. ( F )3. It is precisely because the relative wage is between the relative productivities that each country ends up with a cost advantage in one good. ( T )4.Long-run convergence(长期收敛) in productivity （生产力）produces long-run convergence inwages. ( T )5. “Korean workers earn only $2.50 an hour; if we allow Korea to export as much as it likes to the United States, our workers will be f orced down to the same level. You can’t import a $5 shirt without importing the $2.50 wage that goes with it.” (F )6.The proposition that trade is beneficial is unqualified(不合格). That is, there is no requirement that a country be “competitive” or that the trade be “fair”. ( T)7. Free trade is beneficial only if your country is strong enough to stand up to foreign competition.( F )8. Foreign competition is unfair and hurts other countries when it is based on low wages. （F ） 9. Trade exploits a country and make it worse off if its workers receive much lower wage than workers in other nations. (F )10.The Ricardian Model predicts an extreme degree(预测一个极端的程度) of specialization(专业化). ( T )11.The Ricardian Model neglects(忽略) the effects on income distribution. (T )12. The basic prediction of the Ricardian model has been strongly confirmed by a number of studies over years. ( T )13. The Ricardian Model predicts that countries tend to export those goods in which their productivity is relative high. ( T )14. We can think of factor specificity as a matter of time. ( T )15.The opportunity cost of manufacture in terms of food is denoted by(表示) MPL M /MPL F . ( F ) 16.A equal proportional change in price have no real effects on the real wage, real income of capital owner and land owner. ( T )17. Trade benefits the factor that is specific to the import-competing sectors of each country buthurts the factor to the export sectors, with ambiguous effects on mobile factors. ( F )18.It is possible in principle for a country’s government to use taxes and subsidies(补贴) to redistribute（重新分配）income to give each individual more of both goods. ( T )19. Although international trade has strong effects on income distribution, there are still possible in principle to make each individual better off. ( T )20. Typically, those who gain from trade in any particular product are a much more concentrated, informed, and organized group than those who lose. ( F )21. Conflicts of interest(利益冲突) within nations are usually more important in determining trade policy than conflicts of interest between nations. ( T )22. Generally, economists do not regard the income distribution effects of trade as a good reason to limit trade. ( T )23.The formulation of trade policy(贸易政策的制定) is a kind of political process(政治进程). ( T )24. “The world’s poorest countries can’t find anything to export. There is no r esource that is abundant—certainly not capital or land, and in small poor nations not even labor is abundant.” ( F ) 25. Wage inequality in U.S. increased between the late 1970s and the early 1990s, economists attribute the change to the growing exports of manufactured goods from NIEs. ( T )26. If the factor-proportion theory was right, a country would always export factors for which the income share exceeded the factor share, import factors for which it was less. ( F )27.The H-O model can predict not only the direction but the volume of trade(贸易量). ( T )28.Factor trade in general turns out to be much smaller than the H-O model predicts. ( T )29. According to an influential recent paper, the H-O model can predict not only the direction but the volume of trade. Factor trade in general turn out to be t he same a s the H-O model predicts.( F )30. Only by dropping the Heckscher-Ohlin assumption that technologies are the same across the countries can the overall pattern of international trade be well predicted by the H-O model.( T )31.If a country want to maximize its national welfare, the consumption point is where the highest isovalue line is tangent to the highest reachable indifference curve. ( T )32.A rise in the terms of trade increases a country’s welfare, while a decline in the terms of trade reduces its welfare. ( T )33.Export-biased growth tends to improve the growing country’s terms of trade at the rest of the world’s expense.( F )34.If the two countries allocate(分配) their change in spending in the same proportions, there will not be a terms of trade effect. ( T )35. If the country receiving a transfer spends a higher proportion of an increase income on its export good than the giver, a transfer raises world relative demand for the recipient’s export good and thus improve its terms of trade. ( T )36.A transfer worsens the donor’s terms of trade if the donor has a higher mariginal propensity to spend on its export good than the recipient(受体). ( T )37.A transfer improves the donor’s terms of trade, worsens recipient’s terms of trade. ( F )38.A transfer of income——say foreign aid——could conceivably leave the recipient worse off. ( T )39.A tariff improves Home’s terms of trade and worsens Foreign’s, while a Home export subsidy worsens Home’s terms of trade and improve Foreign’s.( T )40. Where there is economies of scale, there is imperfectly competitive market structure. ( F )41.If intraindustry trade is the dominant source of gains from trade, everyone gains from trade. ( T )42.Effect on the distribution of income within countries often weight more heavily on policy than terms of trade concerns. ( T )43.The usual market structure in industries characterized by internal economies of scale is monopolistic competition. ( F )44.Today, antidumping(反倾销) may be a device of protectionism. ( T )45.Reciprocal(相互) dumping tends to increase the volume of trade in goods that are quite identical（一致）. ( F )46.It is possible that reciprocal dumping increase national welfare. ( T )47.Strong external(外部) economies tend to “locked in” the existing patterns of interindustry trade, even if the patterns are run counter to(背道而驰) comparative advantage. ( T )48.A trading country can conceivably lose from trade is potentially justify protectionism. ( T )49.Like static external economies, dynamic external economies can lock in an initial advantage in an industry. ( T )50.The stratigic trade policy is related to the model of “Monopolistic competition, differentiate products and intraindustry trade”. ( F )51.The model “Oligopoly, homogeneous products and intraindustry trade” is first developed by Krugman and Helpman . ( F )52.Trade in factors is very much like trade in goods, it occurs for much the same reasons and produces similar results. ( T )53.Trade in factors is an alternative(替代) to trade in goods for the allocation of resources. ( T )54.Wh en a country borrows, it’s intertemporal PPF is biased toward Q P.( F )55.The relative price of future consumption goods Q P is (1+r). ( T )56.The dynamic path of TNC s’ enter foreign market：FDI→Export→Licence. (F )57.Tariffs may have very different effects on different stages of production of a good. ( T )58.Nominal(名义)tariff reflects the effective rate of protection(有效保护率). (F)59.The costs and benefits analysis of a tariff is correct if only the direct gains to producers and consumers in a given market accurately measure the social gains. ( T )60.The costs and benefits analysis of a tari ff is correct if only a dollar’s worth of benefits to each group is the same. ( T )61.A VER is exactly like an import quota which the license are assigned to foreign government.( T )62.VER S are much more costly than tariffs. ( T )63.Local content laws have been widely used by developing countries trying to shift their manufacturing from assembly back into intermediate goods. ( T )64. A political argument for free trade reflects the fact that a political commitment to free trade may be a good idea in practice even though there may be better policies in principle. ( T )65.Deviations from free trade can sometimes increase national welfare. (T )66.For a sufficiently small tariff the terms of trade gain of small country must outweigh theefficiency loss.( F )67.The domestic market failure argument against free trade is intellectually impeccable but of doubtful usefulness. (F )68. “U.S. farm exports don’t just mean higher incomes for farmers — they mean higher income for everyone who sell goods and services to the U.S. farm sector”. This remark is a potential valid argument for export subsidy. ( T )69.Most deviations from free trade are adopted not because their benefit exceed their costs but because the public fails to understand their true costs. ( T )70.If there is marginal social costs rather than marginal social benefits, domestic market failure reinforce the case for free trade. ( T )71.The electoral competition model believes political competition will drive both parties to propose tariffs close to t M, the tariff preferred by the medium voter. ( T )72.The problem of collective action can best be overcome when a group is large and/or well organized. （F ）73.Trade policy that produce more costs than benefits, hurt more consumers than producers can’t be adopted.( F )74. As a violation of the MFN(“most favored nation”) principle, the WTO for bids preferential trading agreements in general, but allows them if they lead to free trade between the agreeing countries. ( T )75.The infant industry argument violates (违背)the principle of comparative advantage ( T )76.Import substituting industrialization(进口替代工业化) violates the principle of comparativeadvantage.( T )77. “Import quotas on capital-intensive industrial goods and subsidies for the import of capital equipment were meant to create manufacturing jobs in many developing countries. Unfortunately, they have probably helped create the urban unemployment problem.” ( T )78.The East Asian Miracle proved that industrialization and development must be based on import substitution. ( F )79.It is impossible for country to make itself worse off by joining accustoms union(联盟). ( F ) PartⅢ. Choose the ONLY one collect answer in each question.1. An important insight（启示）of international trade theory is that when countries exchange goods and services one with the other itA.is always beneficial to both countries.B.is usually beneficial to both countries.C.is typically beneficial only to the lowwage trade partner country .D.is typically harmful to thetechnologically lagging country.E.tends to create unemployment in bothcountries.2. If there are large disparities（差距）in wage levels between countries, thenA. trade is likely to be harmful to both countries.B. trade is likely to be harmful to the country with the high wages.C. trade is likely to be harmful to the country with the low wages.D. trade is likely to be harmful to neither country.E. trade is likely to have no effect on either country.3.Cost-benefit analysis of international trade（成本收益分析）A.is basically useless.B.is empirically intractable.C.focuses attention on conflicts of interestwithin countries.D.focuses attention on conflicts of interestsbetween countries.E.None of the above.4. A primary reason why nations conduct international trade is because of differences inA.historical perspective.B.location.C.resource availabilities.D.tastes.E.incomes. 5. Arguments for free trade are sometimes disregarded（忽视）by the political process becauseA.economists tend to favor highly protecteddomestic markets.B.economists have a universally accepteddecisive power over the political decisionmechanism.C.maximizing consumer welfare may not bea chief priority（优先）for politicians. 扩大消费者福利不是最主要的D.the gains of trade are of paramountconcern to typical consumers.E.None of the above.6.Proponents（支持）of free trade claim allof the following as advantages except＿＿A. relatively high wage levels for all domestic workers.B. a wider selection of products for consumersC. increased competition for world producers.D. the utilization of the most efficient production processes.E. None of the above.In order to know whether a country has a comparative advantage in the production of one particular product we need information on at least ____unit labor requirementsA.oneB.twoC.threeD fourE five7. A country engaging in trade according tothe principles of comparative advantagegains from trade because itD.is producing exports indirectly moreefficiently than it could alternatively.E.is producing imports indirectly moreefficiently than it could domestically.F.is producing exports using fewer laborunits.G.is producing imports indirectly usingfewer labor units.H.None of the above.8. A nation engaging in trade according tothe Ricardian model will find itsconsumption bundle（消费约束）A.inside its production possibilitiesfrontier.B.on its production possibilities frontier.C.outside its production possibilitiesfrontier（生产可能性边界）.D.inside its trade-partner's productionpossibilities frontier.E.on its trade-partner's productionpossibilities frontier.9.If a very small country trades with a verylarge country according to the Ricardianmodel, thenA.the small country will suffer a decreasein economic welfare.B.the large country will suffer a decreasein economic welfare.C.the small country will enjoy gains fromtrade.D.the large country will enjoy gains fromtrade.E.None of the above.10.If the world terms of trade for a countryare somewhere between the domestic cost ratio of H and that of F, thenA.country H but not country F will gainfrom trade.B.country H and country F will both gainfrom trade.C.neither country H nor F will gain fromtrade.D.only the country whose governmentsubsidizes its exports will gain.E.None of the above.11.If a production possibilities frontier isbowed out (concave to the origin) )(上凸，凹面向原点), then production occursunder conditions ofA.constant opportunity costs.B.increasing opportunity costs.C.decreasing opportunity costs.D.infinite opportunity costs.E.None of the above.12.If two countries have identical productionpossibility frontiers, then trade betweenthem is not likely ifA.their supply curves are identical.B.their cost functions are identical.C.their demand conditions identical.D.their incomes are identical.E.None of the above.13.Assume that labor is the only factor ofproduction and that wages in the UnitedStates equal $20 per hour while wages inJapan are $10 per hour. Production costs would be lower in the United States ascompared to Japan ifA.U.S. labor productivity equaled 40 unitsper hour and Japan's 15 units per hour.B.U.S. productivity equaled 30 units perhour whereas Japan's was 20.C.U.S. labor productivity equaled 20 andJapan's 30.D.U.S. labor productivity equaled 15 andJapan's 25 units per hour.E.None of the above.14.International trade has strong effects onincome distributions. Therefore,international tradeA.is beneficial to everyone in both tradingcountries.B.will tend to hurt one trading country.C.will tend to hurt some groups in eachtrading country.D.will tend to hurt everyone in bothcountries.E.will be beneficial to all those engaged ininternational trade.15.If the price of the capital intensive productrises, wages willA.rise but by less than the price of thecapital-intensive product.（工资刚性，变动较慢）B.rise by more than the rise in the price ofthe capital-intensive product.C.remain proportionally equal to the priceof the capital-intensive product.D.fall, since higher prices cause lessdemand.E.None of the above.16.If Australia has more land per worker, andBelgium has more capital per worker, then if trade were to open up between these two countries,A.the real income of capital owners inAustralia would rise.B.the real income of labor in Australiawould clearly rise.C.the real income of labor in Belgiumwould clearly rise.D.the real income of landowners inBelgium would fall. 贸易知识使一国丰富要素部门得利，稀缺要素部门受损）E.the real incomes of capital owners inboth countries would rise.17.If the price of manufactures and the priceof food increase by 25%, thenA.the economy moves down its aggregatesupply curve.B.the economy moves back along itsaggregate demand curve.C.the relative quantities（相对数量）ofmanufactures and food remainunchanged.D.the relative quantities of productschange by 25%.E.None of the above.18.If the price of manufactures rises, thenA.the price of food also rises.B.the quantity of food produced falls.C.the quantity of both manufactures andfood falls.D.the purchasing power of labor in termsof food falls.E.None of the above.18.Groups that lose from trade tend to lobby(游说)the government to（贸易失利者游说政府）A.shift the direction of comparativeadvantage.B.abolish the Specific Factor model frompractical application.C.provide public support for the relativelyefficient sectors.D.provide protection for the relativelyinefficient sectors.E.None of the above.19.The specific factor model argues that ifland can be used both for food productionand for manufacturing, then a quota thatprotects food production willA.clearly help landowners.B.clearly hurt landowners.C.clearly help manufacture but hurt foodproduction.D.have an ambiguous effect on the welfareof landowners.E.None of the above.20.If, relative to its trade partners, Gambiniahas many workers but very little land andeven less productive capital, then,following the specific factor model, weknow that Gambinia has a comparativeadvantage inA.manufactures.B.food.C.both manufactures and food.D.neither manufactures nor food.E.None of the above.21.In the 2-factor, 2 good Heckscher-Ohlinmodel, an influx of workers from acrossthe border would（劳动者越过国境流入）A.move the point of production along theproduction possibility curve.B.shift the production possibility curveoutward, and increase the production ofboth goods.C.shift the production possibility curveoutward and decrease the production ofthe labor-intensive product.D.shift the production possibility curveoutward and decrease the production ofthe capital-intensive product.（资本密集型产品产量下降，扩展了生产可能性曲线，相当于扩展了消费的总量）E.None of the above.22.The 1987 study by Bowen, Leamer andSveikauskasA.supported the validity of the LeontieffParadox.B.supported the validity of theHeckscher-Ohlin model.ed a two-country and two-productframework.D.demonstrated that in fact countries tendto use different technologies.E.proved that the U.S.'s comparativeadvantage relied on skilled labor.23.The Case of the Missing Trade refers toA.the 9th volume of the Hardy Boys'Mystery series.B.the fact that world exports does notequal world imports.C.the fact that factor trade is less thanpredicted by the Heckscher-Ohlintheory.D.the fact that the Heckscher Ohlin theorypredicts much less volume of trade thanactually exists.E.None of the above.24.One way in which the Heckscher-Ohlinmodel differs from the Ricardo model ofcomparative advantage is by assumingthat _技术相同__ is (are) identical in all。
国际经济学试卷试题包括答案.docx
《国际经济学》选择题汇总版（附答案）Ch1-Ch31.The United States is less dependent on trade than most other countries becauseA)the United States is a relatively large country with diverse resources.B)the United States is a“ Superpower. ”C)the military power of the United States makes it less dependent on anything.D)the United States invests in many other countries.E)many countries invest in the United States.2. Because the Constitution forbids restraints on interstate trade,A)the U.S. may not impose tariffs on imports from NAFTA countries.B)the U.S. may not affect the international value of the $ U.S.C)the U.S. may not put restraints on foreign investments in California if it involves a financial intermediary in New York State.D)the U.S. may not impose export duties.E)the U.S. may not disrupt commerce between Florida and Hawaii.3.International economics can be divided into two broad sub-fields A) macro and micro.B) developed and less developed.C) monetary and barter.D) international trade and international money.E) static and dynamic.4.International monetary analysis focuses onA)the real side of the international economy.B)the international trade side of the international economy.C)the international investment side of the international economy.D)the issues of international cooperation between Central Banks.E)the monetary side of the international economy, such as currency exchange.5.The gravity model offers a logical explanation for the fact thatA)trade between Asia and the U.S. has grown faster than NAFTA trade.B) trade in services has grown faster than trade in goods.C) trade in manufactures has grown faster than in agricultural products.D) Intra-European Union trade exceeds international trade by the EuropeanUni on.E) the U.S. trades more with Western Europe than it does with Canada.6.The gravity model explains whyA)trade between Sweden and Germany exceeds that between Sweden and Spain.B)countries with oil reserves tend to export oil.C)capital rich countries export capital intensive products.D)intra-industry trade is relatively more important than other forms of tradebetween neighboringcountries.E)European countries rely most often on natural resources.7. Why does the gravity model work?A)Large economies became large because they were engaged in international trade.B)Large economies have relatively large incomes, and hence spend more on governm ent promotion of trade and investment.C)Large economies have relatively larger areas which raises the probability that a pro ductive activity will take place within the borders of that country.D)Large economies tend to have large incomes and tend to spend more on impor ts.E) Large economies tend to avoid trading with small economies.8.We see that the Netherlands, Belgium, and Ireland trade considerably more with the United States than with many other countries.A)This is explained by the gravity model, since these are all large countries.B)This is explained by the gravity model, since these are all small countries.C)This fails to be consistent with the gravity model, since these are smallcountri es.D)This fails to be consistent with the gravity model, since these are large countries.E)This is explained by the gravity model, since they do not share borders.9.In the present, most of the exports from Chinaare A) manufactured goods.B) services.C)primary products including agricultural.D) technology intensive products.E) overpriced by world market standards.10.A country engaging in trade according to the principles of comparative advantage gains from trade because itA) is producing exports indirectly more efficiently than it could alternatively.B) is producing imports indirectly more efficiently than it could domestically.C) is producing exports using fewer labor units.D) is producing imports indirectly using fewer labor units.E) is producing exports while outsourcing services.11.The Ricardian model attributes the gains from trade associated with the principle o f comparative advantage result toA) differences in technology.B)differences in preferences.C)differences in labor productivity.D)differences in resources.E)gravity relationships among countries.12. A nation engaging in trade according to the Ricardian model will find itsconsump tion bundleA)inside its production possibilities frontier.B)on its production possibilities frontier.C)outside its production possibilities frontier.D)inside its trade-partner's production possibilities frontier.E)on its trade-partner's production possibilities frontier.13.Assume that labor is the only factor of production and that wages in the United Sta tes equal $20 per hour while wages in Japan are $10 per hour. Production costs would be lower in the United States as compared to Japan ifA)U.S. labor productivity equaled 40 units per hour and Japan's 15 units per hour.B)U.S. labor productivity equaled 30 units per hour and Japan's 20 units per hour.C)U.S. labor productivity equaled 20 units per hour and Japan's 30 units per hour.D)U.S. labor productivity equaled 15 units per hour and Japan's 25 units per hour.E)U.S. labor productivity equaled 15 units per hour and Japan's 40 units per hour.14.In a two-country, two-product world, the statement“ Germanyenjoys acomparativ e advantage over France in autos relative toships ”is equivalent toA) France having a comparative advantage over Germany in ships.B) France having a comparative disadvantage compared to Germany in autos and ship s.C) Germany having a comparative advantage over France in autos and ships.D) France having no comparative advantage over Germany.E) France should produce autos.15.If the United States' production possibility frontier was flatter to the widget axis, whereas Germany's was flatter to the butter axis, we know thatA)the United States has no comparative advantageB)Germany has a comparative advantage in butter.C)the U.S. has a comparative advantage in butter.D)Germany has comparative advantages in both products.E)the U.S. has a comparative disadvantage in widgets.Ch4-Ch51.The Ricardian model of international trade demonstrates that trade can bemutually beneficial. Why, then, do governments restrict imports of some goods?A)Trade can have substantial effects on a country's distribution of income.B)The Ricardian model is often incorrect in its prediction that trade can bemutually beneficial.C)Import restrictions are the result of trade wars between hostile countries.D)Imports are only restricted when foreign-made goods do not meet domestic standar ds of qualityE) Restrictions on imports are intended to benefit domestic consumers.2.Japan's trade policies with regard to rice reflect the fact thatA) japanese rice farmers have significant political power.B) Japan has a comparative advantage in rice production and therefore exports most o f its rice crop.C) there would be no gains from trade available to Japan if it engaged in free trade in r ice.D) there are gains from trade that Japan captures by engaging in free trade in rice.E) Japan imports most of the rice consumed in the country.3.In the specific factors model, which of the following is treated as a specific factor?A)LaborB)LandC)ClothD)FoodE)Technology4.The specific factors model assumes that there are ________ goods and ________ fa ctor(s) of production.A) two; threeB) two; two C)two; one D)three; two E)four; three5.The slope of a country's production possibility frontier with cloth measured on the horizontal and food measured on the vertical axis in the specific factors model is equa l to ________ and it ________ as more cloth is produced.A)-MPLF/MPLC; becomes steeperB)-MPLF/MPLC; becomes flatterC)-MPLF/MPLC; is constantD)-MPLC/MPLF; becomes steeperE)-MPLC/MPLF; is constant6.Under perfect competition, the equilibrium price of labor used to produce clothwill be equal toA)the slope of the production possibility frontier.B)the average product of labor in the production of cloth times the price of cloth.C)the ratio of the marginal product of labor in the production of cloth to the marginal product of labor in the production of food times the ratio of the price of cloth. to the price of food.D)the marginal product of labor in the production of cloth times the price of cloth.E)the price of cloth divided by the marginal product of labor in the production of clot h.7.In the specific factors model, which of the following will increase the quantity ofla bor used in cloth production?A)an increase in the price of cloth relative to that of foodB) an increase in the price of food relative to that ofcloth C) a decrease in the price of laborD) an equal percentage decrease in the price of food and clothE) an equal percentage increase in the price of food and cloth8.A country that does not engage in trade can benefit from trade only ifA)it has an absolute advantage in at least one good.B)it employs a unique technology.C)pre-trade and free-trade relative prices are not identical.D)its wage rate is below the world average.E)pre-trade and free-trade relative prices are identical.9.In the specific factors model, the effects of trade on welfare are ________ for mobil e factors, ________ for fixed factors used to produce the exported good, and ________ for fixed factors used to produce the imported good.A)ambiguous; positive; negativeB) ambiguous; negative; positive C)positive; ambiguous; ambiguous D)negative; ambiguous; ambiguous E)positive; positive; positive10.The effect of trade on specialized employees of import-competing industries willb e ________ jobs and ________ pay because they are relatively ________.A)fewer; lower; mobileB)fewer; lower; immobileC)more; lower; immobileD)more; higher; mobileE)more; higher; immobile11. There is a bias in the political process against free trade becauseA)there is a high correlation between the volume of imports and the unemployment ra te.B)the gains from free trade cannot be measured.C)those who gain from free trade can't compensate those who lose.D)foreign governments make large donations to U.S. political campaigns.E) those who lose from free trade are better organized than those who gain.12.In the 2-factor, 2 good Heckscher-Ohlin model, the two countries differin A)tastes and preferences.B)military capabilities.C)the size of their economies.D)relative abundance of factors of production.E)labor productivities.13.If a country produces good Y (measured on the vertical axis) and good X (measure d on the horizontal axis), then the absolute value of the slope of its production possibil ity frontier is equal toA)the opportunity cost of good X.B) the price of good X divided by the price of good Y.C) the price of good X divided by the price of goodY. D) the opportunity cost of good Y.E)the cost of capital (assuming that good Y is capital intensive) divided by the costof labor.14.In the 2-factor, 2 good Heckscher-Ohlin model, trade will ________ the owners ofa country's ________ factor and will ________ the good that uses that factor intensiv ely.A)benefit; abundant; exportB)harm; abundant; importC)benefit; scarce; exportD)benefit; scarce; importE)harm; scarce; export15.The assumption of diminishing returns in the Heckscher-Ohlin model means that, unlike in the Ricardian model, it is likely thatA) countries will consume outside their production possibility frontier.B) countries will benefit from free international trade.C) countries will not be fully specialized in one product.D)comparative advantage will not determine the direction of trade.E)global production will decrease under trade.16.If Japan is relatively capital rich and the United States is relatively land rich, and if food is relatively land intensive then trade between these two, formerly autarkic coun tries will result inA)an increase in the relative price of food in the U.S.B)an increase in the relative price of food in Japan.C)a global increase in the relative price of food.D)a decrease in the relative price of food in both countries.E)an increase in the relative price of food in both countries.17.Starting from an autarky (no-trade) situation with Heckscher-Ohlin model, if Coun try H is relatively labor abundant, then once trade beginsA) rent will be unchanged but wages will rise in H.B) wages and rents should rise in H.C) wages and rents should fall in H.D) wages should fall and rents should rise in H.E) wages should rise and rents should fall in H.18.The Leontieff ParadoxA)failed to support the validity of the Heckscher-Ohlin model.B)supported the validity of the Ricardian theory of comparative advantage.C)supported the validity of the Heckscher-Ohlin model.D)failed to support the validity of the Ricardian theory.E)proved that the U.S. economy is different from all others.19. Which of the following is an assertion of the Heckscher-Ohlin model?A)Factor price equalization will occur only if there is costless mobility of all factors a cross borders.B)An increase in a country's labor supply will increase production of both the capital-intensive and the labor-intensive good.C)In the long-run, labor is mobile and capital is not.D)The wage-rental ratio determines the capital-labor ratio in a country's industr ies.E)Factor endowments determine the technology that is available to a country, which determines the good in which the country will have a comparative advantage.20. Which of the following is an assertion of the Heckscher-Ohlin model?A)An increase in a country's labor supply will increase production of the labor-i ntensive good and decrease production of the capital-intensive good.B)An increase in a country's labor supply will increase production of both the capital-intensive and the labor-intensive good.C)In the long-run, labor is mobile and capital is not.D)Factor price equalization will occur only if there is costless mobility of all factors a cross borders.E)Factor endowments determine the technology that is available to a country, which determines the good in which the country will have a comparative advantage.Ch6-Ch101.If the ratio of price of cloth (PC) divided by the price of food (PF) increases in thei nternational marketplace, thenA)the terms of trade of cloth exporters will improve.B)all countries would be better off.C)the terms of trade of food exporters will improve.D)the terms of trade of all countries will improve.E) the terms of trade of cloth exporters will worsen.2.If the ratio of price of cloth (PC) divided by the price of food (PF) increases in thei nternational marketplace, thenA)world relative quantity of cloth supplied will increase.B)world relative quantity of cloth supplied and demanded will increase.C)world relative quantity of cloth supplied and demanded will decrease.D)world relative quantity of cloth demanded will decrease.E)world relative quantity of food will increase.3.If the U.S. (a large country) imposes a tariff on its imported good, this will tend toA)have no effect on terms of trade.B)improve the terms of trade of the United States.C)improve the terms of trade of all countries.D)because a deterioration of U.S. terms of trade.E)raise the world price of the good imported by the United States.4.If Slovenia were a large country in world trade, then if it instituted a large set of sub sidies for its exports, this mustA)decrease its marginal propensity to consume.B)have no effect on its terms of trade.C)improve its terms of trade.D)harm its terms of trade.E)harm world terms of trade.5.Internal economies of scale arise when the cost per unitA)falls as the average firm grows larger.B)rises as the industry grows larger.C)falls as the industry grows larger.D)rises as the average firm grows larger.E)remains constant over a broad range of output.6. External economies of scale will ________ average cost when output is ________ by _______.A)reduce; increased; the industryB)reduce; increased; a firmC)increase; increased; a firmD)increase; increased; the industryE)reduce; reduce; the industry7.If some industries exhibit internal increasing returns to scale in each country, we sh ould not expect to seeA) perfect competition in these industries.B) intra-industry trade between countries.C)inter-industry trade between countries.D)high levels of specialization in both countries.E)increased productivity in both countries.8.A learning curve relates ________ to ________ and is a case of ________ returns.A) unit cost; cumulative production; dynamic decreasing returnsB)output per time period; long-run marginal cost; dynamic increasing returnsC)unit cost; cumulative production; dynamic increasing returnsD)output per time period; long-run marginal cost; dynamic decreasing returnsE)labor productivity; education; increasing marginal returns9.Patterns of interregional trade are primarily determined by ________ rather than __ ______ because factors of production are generally ________.A)external economies; natural resources; mobileB)internal economies; external economies; mobileC)external economies; population; immobileD)internal economies; population; immobileE)population; external economies; immobile10.Monopolistic competition is associatedwith A) product differentiation.B) price-taking behavior.C) explicit consideration at the firm level of the strategic impact of other firms' pricing decisions. D) high profit margins in the long run.E) increasing returns to scale.11.A firm in long-run equilibrium under monopolistic competition will earnA)positive monopoly profits because each sells a differentiated product.B)zero economic profits because of free entryC)positive oligopoly profits because each firm sells a differentiated product.D)negative economic profits because it has economies of scale.E)positive economic profit if it engages in international trade.12.The most common form of price discrimination in international tradeis A) dumping.B) non-tariff barriers.C) Voluntary Export Restraints.D) preferential trade arrangements.E) product boycotts.13.Consider the following two cases. In the first, a U.S. firm purchases 18% of a forei gn firm. In the second, a U.S. firm builds a new production facility in a foreign countr y. Both are ________, with the first referred to as ________ and the second as ______ __.A)foreign direct investment (FDI) outflows; brownfield; greenfieldB)foreign direct investment (FDI) inflows; greenfield; brownfieldC)foreign direct investment (FDI) outflows; greenfield; brownfieldD)foreign direct investment (FDI) inflows; brownfield; greenfieldE)foreign direct investment (FDI); inflows; outflows14. Specific tariffs areA)import taxes stated in specific legal statutes.B)import taxes calculated as a fixed charge for each unit of imported goods.C)import taxes calculated as a fraction of the value of the imported goods.D)the same as import quotas.E)import taxes calculated based solely on the origin country.15.A problem encountered when implementing an "infant industry" tariff isthat A) domestic consumers will purchase the foreign good regardless of thetariff. B) the industry may never "mature."C)most industries require tariff protection when they are mature.D)the tariff may hurt the industry's domestic sales.E)the tariffs fail to protect the domestic producers.16.In the country levying the tariff, the tariff will A)increase both consumer and producer surplus.B) decrease both the consumer and producer surplus.C) decrease consumer surplus and increase producer surplus.D) increase consumer surplus and decrease producer surplus.E) decrease consumer surplus but leave producers surplus unchanged.17.If the tariff on computers is not changed, but domestic computer producers shift fr om domestically produced semiconductors to imported components, then the effective rate of protection in the computer industry willA) increase.B) decreaseC) remain the same.D)depend on whether computers are PCs or "Supercomputers."E)no longer apply.18.When a government allows raw materials and other intermediate products to enter a country duty free, this generally results in a(an)A) effective tariff rate less than the nominal tariff rate.B) nominal tariff rate less than the effective tariff rate.C) rise in both nominal and effective tariff rates.D) fall in both nominal and effective tariff rates. E) rise in only the effective tariff rat e.19.Should the home country be "large" relative to its trade partners, its imposition ofa tariff on imports would lead to an increase in domestic welfare if the terms of thetra de rectangle exceed the sum of theA) revenue effect plus redistribution effect.B) protective effect plus revenue effect.C) consumption effect plus redistribution effect.D)production distortion effect plus consumption distortion effect.E)terms of trade gain.20.The efficiency case made for free trade is that as trade distortions such as tariffs ar e dismantledand removed,A) government tariff revenue will decrease, and therefore national economic welfare will decreaseB) government tariff revenue will decrease, and therefore national econo mic welfare will increase.C) deadweight losses for producers and consumers will decrease, henceincreasin g national economic welfare.D)deadweight losses for producers and consumers will decrease, hence decreasing na tional economic welfare.E)government tariff revenue will increase, hence increasing national economic welfar e.21.Which organization determines procedures for the settlement of international trade disputes?A)World BankB)World Trade OrganizationC)International Monetary OrganizationD)International Bank for Reconstruction and DevelopmentE)The League of Nations22.Today U.S. protectionism is concentratedin A) high-tech industries.B) labor-intensive industries.C) industries in which Japan has a comparative advantage.D)computer intensive industries.E)capital-intensive industries.23.The quantitative importance of U.S. protection of the domestic clothing industryis best explained by the fact thatA)this industry is an important employer of highly skilled labor.B)this industry is an important employer of low skilled labor.C)most of the exporters of clothing into the U.S. are poor countries.D)this industry is a politically well organized sector in the U.S.E)the technology involved is very advanced.欢迎下载1124.The optimum tariff is most likely to applyto A) a small tariff imposed by a small country.B) a small tariff imposed by a large country. C)a large tariff imposed by a small country. D) alarge tariff imposed by a large country. E) anad valorem tariff on a small country.25.The median voter modelA)works well in the area of trade policy.B)is not intuitively reasonable.C)tends to result in biased tariff rates.D)does not work well in the area of trade policy.E)is not widely practiced in the United States.欢迎下载12。
国际经济学试题及答案
国际经济学试题及答案一、单项选择题1.从国际经济资源流动的难度看，最容易流动的要素是（A ）A.商品B.资本C.人员D.技术2.在比较利益模型中，两种参与贸易商品的国际比价（C ）A.在两国贸易前的两种商品的国内比价之上B.在两国贸易前的两种商品的国内比价之下C.在两国贸易前的两种商品的国内比价之间D.与贸易前的任何一个国家的国内比价相同3.比较利益理论认为国际贸易的驱动力是（A ）A.劳动生产率的差异B.技术水平的差异C.产品品质的差异D.价格的差异4.在绝对技术差异理论与相对技术差异理论中，机会成本是（D ）A.递增B.递减C.先递增后递减D.不变5.不能解释产业内贸易现象的理论有（B ）A.重叠需求理论B.要素比例理论C.规模经济理论D.垄断竞争理论6.能反映规模经济理论本意的是（B ）A.规模报酬递减B.规模报酬递增C.规模报酬不变D.规模成本递增7.不改变贸易结构，只改变贸易规模的增长方式有（C ）A.偏向进口的生产要素增长B.偏向出口的生产要素增长C.生产要素等比例增长D.悲惨的增长8.最佳关税水平应等于（B）A.零进口关税B.零进口关税与禁止性关税之间的水平C.禁止性关税D.禁止性关税以上9.世界贸易组织秘书处设在（B ）A.日内瓦B.纽约C.布鲁塞尔D.乌拉圭10.在国际卡特尔订价中，当产品的需求弹性越小，卡特尔订价水平就（B）A.越低B.越高C.不变D.不确定11.下述哪一种不属于投机性外汇交易（D）A.双边套汇B.多边套汇C.套利D.套期保值12.下述几种货币中，哪一种是实行联合浮动的货币（D ）A.英镑B.日元C.美元D.人民币13.下述哪一种属于国际收支的事后项目（D ）A.进出口B.利息收支C.直接投资D.特别提款权变动14.在分析货币贬值对贸易收支的影响时，小国所面临的供给弹性是（D ）A.零B.小于需求弹性C.大于需求弹性D.无穷大15.发展中国家主要采取的汇率制度是（C ）A.固定汇率制B.浮动汇率制C.钉住汇率制D.联合浮动制16.在1997年东南亚金融危机中，最早出现金融动荡的国家是（B）A.印度尼西业B.泰国C.日本D.韩国17.劳动力在各国间的流动通常会使劳动力流出国（D）A.财政总收入增加，公共设施利用率提高B.财政总收入增加，公共设施利用率下降C.财政总收入减少，公共设施利用率提高D.财政总收入减少，公共设施利用率下降18.产业内贸易更容易发生于（C）A.富国与穷国之间B.类似的高手入国家之间C.发达国家与发达国家之间D.发展中国家之间19.根据相互需求原理，两国均衡的交换比例取决于（C）A.两国的绝对优势B.两国的比较优势C.两国的相对需求强度D.两国的要素禀赋20.以下选项中，那个选项不属于国际收支系统中居民的概念（C）A.外国企业B.非盈利机构C.国际经济组织D.政府21.布雷顿森林体系创立了（B）A.以英镑为中心的固定汇率制度B.以美元为中心的固定汇率制度C.以英镑为中心的有管理的浮动汇率制度D.以美元为中心的有管理的浮动汇率制度22.以下选项中，属于国际间接投资的是（D）A.在外国设立分公司B.在国外设立独资企业C.在国外设立合资企业D.购买国外企业债券23.经济非均衡的无形传导方式不包括（D）A.技术转让B.信息交流C.信息回授D.示范效应24.在斯图旺表中第三象限表示（C）A.通货膨胀与国际收支顺差并存B.衰退与国际收支顺差并存C衰退与国际收支逆差并存 D.通货膨胀与国际收支逆差并存25.下列哪个不是国际经济学研究的内容（D）A.国际贸易纯理论研究B.外汇理论研究C.跨国公司研究D.国内消费水平研究26.关于出口贫困化增长，下列命题不正确的是（D）A.出口的贫困化增长的根源在于贸易条件的恶化B.出口的贫困化增长不是一种普遍的现象C.出口的贫困化增长会降低本国的福利水平D.出口的贫困化增长是经济发展过程中的一种必然现象27.产品的水平差异是指（D）A.采用新技术制造的新产品带来的差异B.产品质量方面的差异C.同质产品D.商品由于相同属性的不同组合而产生的差异性28.货币的含金量之比又称（B）A.购买力平价B.铸币平价C.铸币数量D.铸币本位29.从国际经济学的角度来考察，构成经济活动的基本单位或行为主体是（D）A.企业B.居民户C.家庭D.国家30.布雷顿森林体系规定，美元与其挂钩的是（C）A.特别提款权B.一揽子货币C.黄金D.白银31.下列选项中不属于比较利益学说的假设是（B）A.以劳动价值论为基础B.要素是完全流动的C.要素和产品市场都是完全竞争的D.收入分配不受贸易影响32.以下选项中，哪个选项不属于金融账户的内容（C）A.证券投资B.其他投资和储备资产C.债务减免D.直接投资33.国际经济一体化组织的建立对各成员国产生的静态影响包括(A)A．贸易创造和贸易转向B.贸易创造和大市场效应C.贸易转向和竞争效应 D.大市场效应和竞争效应二、多项选择题1.下列属于非关税壁垒措施的有（ABCDE ）A.自愿出口限制B.歧视性的公共采购C.对外贸易的国家垄断D.技术和卫生检疫标准E.进口许可证2.以下哪些组织形式属于国际经济一体化组织（ABCD ）A.自由贸易区B.关税同盟C.共同市场D.经济联盟E.北约3.制订一个最佳的国际卡特尔产品价格，所需考虑的影响因素有（ABCDE ）A.产品收入弹性B.卡特尔市场占有率C.非卡特尔厂商产品的供给弹性D.卡特尔产品的需求弹性E.非卡特尔的市场份额4.基本项目收支差额包括（ABC ）A.商品贸易收支B.服务贸易收支C.资本项目收支D.官方结算收支E.金融资产变动项目收支5.一国在实现外部平衡的过程中，可供选择的政策措施有（ABCDE ）A.融通资金B.外汇管制C.汇率浮动D.调整经济E.限制进口6.18世纪中叶，指出重商主义理论存在重要缺陷的经济学家包括（AD）A.斯密B.李嘉图C.马尔萨斯D.休谟E.杜格尔7.新古典国际贸易理论主要包括（ABCD）A.H-O理论B.S-S理论C.H-O-S理论D.R理论E.比较优势理论8.一国实行对外开放后，从打破国内垄断中可以获得的利益包括（ABCDE）A．消费者享受较低的国际价格B.企业产量不断增加C.本国福利水平提高D.形成公平的竞争格局E.企业竞争力增强9.发展中国家尚不成熟的主要表现有（ABCD）A.一级市场融资渠道不畅B.银行系统受政府严格控制C.人为控制的贷款利息率水平D.“黑市”的存在E.没有投机活动10.国际收支调整的重要基础理论是（BCD）A.调整论B.货币论C.弹性论D.平衡论11.国际收支不平衡的类型有（ABDE）A．周期性不平衡B.结构性不平衡C.货币性不平衡D.价格性不平衡E．收入性不平衡12.自由贸易将会对不同部门生要素的收入产生不同的影响，其中包括（ABE）A.出口部门专门生产要素收入水平提高B.进口竞争部门专门生产要素收入水平降低C.共同生产要素收入水平上升D.共同生产要素收入水平维持不变E.共同生产要素收入水平无法确定13.货币贬值对国内吸收的直接影响包括（ABC）A.货币余额效应B.收入再分配效应C.货币幻觉效应D.引致支出效应E.价格变动效应14.下列关于共同市场的叙述正确的有(ABC)A.成员国建立了共同对外关税B.实现了商品自由贸易C.实现了生产要素与服务的自由流动D．成员国间需要在技术标准、税收制度、金融法规等方面加以协调15.下列经济交易中属于国际收支平衡表资本与金融项目统计的内容有（ABC）A.短期证券买卖B.票据买卖C.短期信贷D.利息收支16.国际收支弹性分析法的基本假定包括（ABCD）A.国内总体价格水平保持不变B.不存在国际资本流动C.汇率由货币当局控制且相对稳定D.汇率变动能够有效影响进出口的商品价格17.国际货币体系包括的内容有(ABCDE)A.汇率制度的确定B.各国货币的兑换性C.国际储备资产的确定D.国际收支的调节方式E.国际金融事务的协商和组织三、名词解释1.生产者剩余答：生产者剩余是指生产者愿意接受的价格和实际接受的价格之间的差额。
大学国际经济学期末考试复习试卷以及试题库(含答案)
国际经济学期末考试复习题库一、名词解释：1、绝对优势：如果一国在某种产品生产上的劳动生产率高于另一国，或在劳动成本上低于另一国，则认为该国在该产品生产上具有绝对优势。
绝对优势主张以各国生产成本的绝对差异为基础进行国际专业化分工，并通过国际贸易获得利益的一种国际贸易理论。
2、比较优势：所谓比较优势是指一国在绝对优势基础上的相对较大的优势，在绝对劣势基础上的相对较少的劣势。
比较优势主张以各国生产成本或相对差异为基础进行专业化分工，并通过国家贸易获得利益的一种国际贸易理论。
3、完全专业化：各国根据比较优势原理进行专业化分工，在机会成本不变的情况下，每一国只生产其具有比较优势的产品，即全世界对某种产品的需求完全由具有比较优势的国家来生产。
4、贸易三角：贸易三角是衡量贸易利益的重要工具，主要由均衡时的国家贸易条件、一国的出口量和进口量三条线围成，反映一国的出口在均衡的国际贸易条件下，能够换回多少进口。
5、不完全专业化：各国根据比较优势原理进行专业化分工，在机会成本递增的情况下，各国将只部分生产其具有比较优势的产品并出口，同时也要生产其不具有比较优势的商品，这是因为随着某种产量的增加，机会成本呈现递增态势，因此原来在该产量上具有比较优势的国家会因为专业化生产而导致比较优势的逐渐丧失。
6、重商主义：重商主义主要兴盛于15世纪到18世纪中叶，认为货币是财富的唯一形式，因此主张采取奖出罚入的政策，主张取消进口以避免本国贵金属的流失，鼓励出口以增加贵金属的流入。
重商主义反映了资本原始积累时期，商业资本家对货币或贵金属的认识。
7、机会成本：机会成本是指在一国资源达到充分利用时，要增加某一产品的生产，必须放弃另一种产品生产的数量。
一般情况下，生产中的机会成本包括：机会成本递增，机会成本不变和机会成本递减三种情况。
当生产可能性边界向外凸/凹向原点时，机会成本递增；当生产可能性边界为直线时，机会成本不变，根据前面的假设，机会成本用-△Y/△X来表示。
国际经济学,选择题集(含答案)
ContentsChapter 3 Labor Productivity and Comparative Advantage: The Ricardian Model 2 Chapter 4 Specific Factors and Income Distribution 13 Chapter 5 Resources and Trade: The Heckscher-Ohlin Model 22 Chapter 6 The Standard Trade Model 31 Chapter 7 Economies of Scale, imperfect Competition, and International Trade 41 Chapter 8 International Factor Movements 50 Chapter 9 The Instruments of Trade Policy 60Chapter 3: Labor Productivity and Comparative Advantage - The Ricardian ModelMultiple Choice Questions1.Countries trade with each other because they are _______ and because of______.A. different, costsB. similar, scale economiesC. different, scale economiesD. similar, costsE.None of the above.2.Trade between two countries can benefit both countries ifA.each country exports that good in which it has a comparative advantage.B.each country enjoys superior terms of trade.C.each country has a more elastic demand for the imported goods.D.each country has a more elastic supply for the supplied goods.E.Both C and D.3.The Ricardian theory of comparative advantage states that a country has acomparative advantage in widgets ifA.output per worker of widgets is higher in that country.B.that country's exchange rate is low.C.wage rates in that country are high.D.the output per worker of widgets as compared to the output of some otherproduct is higher in that country.E.Both B and C.4.In order to know whether a country has a comparative advantage in theproduction of one particular product we need information on at least ____unitlabor requirementsA.oneB.twoC.threeD.fourE.five5. A country engaging in trade according to the principles of comparativeadvantage gains from trade because itA.is producing exports indirectly more efficiently than it could alternatively.B.is producing imports indirectly more efficiently than it coulddomestically.D.is producing imports indirectly using fewer labor units.E.None of the above.6.Given the following information:Unit Labor RequirementsCloth WidgetsHome 10 20Foreign 60 30A.Neither country has a comparative advantage.B.Home has a comparative advantage in cloth.C.Foreign has a comparative advantage in cloth.D.Home has a comparative advantage in widgets.E.Home has a comparative advantage in both products.7.If it is ascertained that Foreign uses prison-slave labor to produce its exports,then home shouldA.export cloth.B.export widgets.C.export both and import nothing.D.export and import nothing.E.All of the above.8.If the Home economy suffered a meltdown, and the Unit Labor Requirements ineach of the products quadrupled (that is, doubled to 30 for cloth and 60 forwidgets) then home shouldA.export cloth.B.export widgets.C.export both and import nothing.D.export and import nothing.E.All of the above.9.If wages were to double in Home, then Home should:A.export cloth.B.export widgets.C.export both and import nothing.D.export and import nothing.E.All of the above.10.If the world equilibrium price of widgets were 4 Cloths, thenA.both countries could benefit from trade with each other.B.neither country could benefit from trade with each other.C.each country will want to export the good in which it enjoys comparativeadvantage.D.neither country will want to export the good in which it enjoyscomparative advantage.E.both countries will want to specialize in cloth.11.Given the following information:Number of Units Produced by one Unit of LaborCloth WidgetsHome 10 20Foreign 60 30A.Neither country has a comparative advantage.B.Home has a comparative advantage in cloth.C.Foreign has a comparative advantage in cloth.D.Foreign has a comparative advantage in widgets.E.Home has a comparative advantage in both products.12.The opportunity cost of cloth in terms of widgets in Foreign is if it is ascertainedthat Foreign uses prison-slave labor to produce its exports, then home shouldA.export cloth.B.export widgets.C.export both and import nothing.D.export and import nothing.E.All of the above.13.If wages were to double in Home ,then Home shouldA.export cloth.B.export widgets.C.export both and import nothing.D.export and import nothing.E.All of the above.14.If the world equilibrium price of widgets were 4 Cloths, thenA.both countries could benefit from trade with each other.B.neither country could benefit from trade with each other.C.each country will want to export the good in which it enjoys comparativeadvantage.D.neither country will want to export the good in which it enjoyscomparative advantage.E.both countries will want to specialize in cloth.15.If the world equilibrium price of widgets were 40 cloths, thenA.both countries could benefit from trade with each other.B.neither country could benefit from trade with each other.C.each country will want to export the good in which it enjoys comparativeadvantage.D.neither country will want to export the good in which it enjoyscomparative advantage.E.both countries will want to specialize in cloth.16. In a two product two country world, international trade can lead to increases inA.consumer welfare only if output of both products is increased.B.output of both products and consumer welfare in both countries.C.total production of both products but not consumer welfare in bothcountriesD.consumer welfare in both countries but not total production of bothproducts.E.None of the above.17.As a result of trade, specialization in the Ricardian model tends to beplete with constant costs and with increasing costs.plete with constant costs and incomplete with increasing costs.C.incomplete with constant costs and complete with increasing costs.D.incomplete with constant costs and incomplete with increasing costs.E.None of the above.18. A nation engaging in trade according to the Ricardian model will find itsconsumption bundleA.inside its production possibilities frontier.B.on its production possibilities frontier.C.outside its production possibilities frontier.D.inside its trade-partner's production possibilities frontier.E.on its trade-partner's production possibilities frontier.19.In the Ricardian model, if a country's trade is restricted, this will cause all exceptwhich?A.Limit specialization and the division of labor.B.Reduce the volume of trade and the gains from tradeC.Cause nations to produce inside their production possibilities curvesD.May result in a country producing some of the product of its comparativedisadvantageE.None of the above.20.If a very small country trades with a very large country according to theRicardian model, thenA.the small country will suffer a decrease in economic welfare.B.the large country will suffer a decrease in economic welfare.C.the small country will enjoy gains from trade.E.None of the above.21.If the world terms of trade for a country are somewhere between the domesticcost ratio of H and that of F, thenA.country H but not country F will gain from trade.B.country H and country F will both gain from trade.C.neither country H nor F will gain from trade.D.only the country whose government subsidizes its exports will gain.E.None of the above.22.If the world terms of trade equal those of country F, thenA.country H but not country F will gain from trade.B.country H and country F will both gain from trade.C.neither country H nor F will gain from trade.D.only the country whose government subsidizes its exports will gain.E.None of the above.23. If the world terms of trade equal those of country ,F thenA.country H but not country F will gain from trade.B.country H and country F will both gain from trade.C.neither country H nor F will gain from trade.D.only the country whose government subsidizes its exports will gain.E.None of the above.24.If a production possibilities frontier is bowed out (concave to the origin), thenproduction occurs under conditions ofA.constant opportunity costs.B.increasing opportunity costs.C.decreasing opportunity costs.D.infinite opportunity costs.E.None of the above.25.If two countries have identical production possibility frontiers, then tradebetween them is not likely ifA.their supply curves are identical.B.their cost functions are identical.C.their demand conditions identical.D.their incomes are identical.E.None of the above.26.If two countries have identical production possibility frontiers, then tradebetween them is not likely ifA.their supply curves are identical.B.their cost functions are identical.D.their incomes are identical.E.None of the above.27.The earliest statement of the principle of comparative advantage is associatedwithA.David Hume.B.David Ricardo.C.Adam Smith.D.Eli Heckscher.E.Bertil Ohlin.28. If one country's wage level is very high relative to the other's (the relative wageexceeding the relative productivity ratios), then if they both use the samecurrencyA.neither country has a comparative advantage.B.only the low wage country has a comparative advantage.C.only the high wage country has a comparative advantage.D.consumers will still find trade worth while from their perspective.E. None of the above.29.If one country's wage level is very high relative to the other's (the relative wageexceeding the relative productivity ratios), thenA.it is not possible that producers in each will find export marketsprofitable.B.it is not possible that consumers in both countries will enhance theirrespective welfares through imports.C.it is not possible that both countries will find gains from trade.D.it is possible that both will enjoy the conventional gains from trade.E.None of the above.30.The Ricardian model is based on all of the following exceptA.only two nations and two products.B. no diminishing returns.bor is the only factor of production.D.product quality varies among nations.E.None of the above.31. Ricardo's original theory of comparative advantage seemed of limited real-world value because it was founded on thebor theory of value.B. capital theory of value.C. land theory of value.D. entrepreneur theory of value.E.None of the above.32.According to Ricardo, a country will have a comparative advantage in theproduct in which itsbor productivity is relatively low.bor productivity is relatively high.bor mobility is relatively low.bor mobility is relatively high.E.None of the above.33.In a two-country, two-product world, the statement "Germany enjoys acomparative advantage over France in autos relative to ships" is equivalent toA.France having a comparative advantage over Germany in ships.B.France having a comparative disadvantage compared to Germany inautos and ships.C.Germany having a comparative advantage over France in autos and ships.D.France having no comparative advantage over Germany.E.None of the above.34.Assume that labor is the only factor of production and that wages in the UnitedStates equal $20 per hour while wages in Japan are $10 per hour. Productioncosts would be lower in the United States as compared to Japan ifA.U.S. labor productivity equaled 40 units per hour and Japan's 15 units perhour.B.U.S. productivity equaled 30 units per hour whereas Japan's was 20.C.U.S. labor productivity equaled 20 and Japan's 30.D.U.S. labor productivity equaled 15 and Japan's 25 units per hour.E.None of the above.35.If the United States’ production possibility frontier was flatter to the widget axis,whereas Germany's was flatter to the butter axis, we know thatA.the United States has no comparative advantageB.Germany has a comparative advantage in butter.C.the U.S. has a comparative advantage in butter.D.Not enough information is given.E.None of the above.36.Suppose the United States' production possibility frontier was flatter to thewidget axis, whereas Germany's was flatter to the butter axis. We now learn that the German mark is sharply depreciated against the U.S. dollar. We now knowthatA.the United States has no comparative advantageB.Germany has a comparative advantage in butter.C.the United States has a comparative advantage in butter.D.Not enough information is given.E.None of the above.37.Suppose the United States' production possibility frontier was flatter to thewidget axis, whereas Germany's was flatter to the butter axis. We now learn that the German wage doubles, but U.S. wages do not change at all. We now knowthatA.the United States has no comparative advantage.B.Germany has a comparative advantage in butter.C.the United States has a comparative advantage in butter.D.Not enough information is given.E.None of the above.Essay Questions1.Many countries in Sub-Saharan Africa have very low labor productivities inmany sectors, in manufacturing and agriculture. They often despair of eventrying to attempt to build their industries unless it is done in an autarkic context,behind protectionist walls because they do not believe they can compete withmore productive industries abroad. Discuss this issue in the context of theRicardian model of comparative advantage.2.In 1975, wage levels in South Korea were roughly 5% of those in the UnitedStates. It is obvious that if the United States had allowed Korean goods to befreely imported into the United States at that time, this would have causeddevastation to the standard of living in the United States.,because no producer in this country could possibly compete with such low wages. Discuss this assertion in the context of the Ricardian model of comparative advantage.3.The evidence cited in the chapter using the examples of the East Asia NewIndustrializing Countries suggests that as international productivities converge,so do international wage levels. Why do you suppose this happened for the East Asian NICs? In light of your answer, what do you think is likely to happen tothe relative wages (relative to those in the United States) of China in the coming decade? Explain your reasoning.4.When we examine the 2 Good 2 Country version of the Ricardian model ofcomparative advantage, we note that comparative advantage is totallydetermined by physical productivity ratios. Changes in wage rates in eithercountry cannot affect these physically determined comparative advantages, andhence cannot affect, which product will be exported by which country. However, when more than 2 goods are added to the model (still with 2 countries), changesin wage rates in one or the other country can in fact determine which good orgoods each of the countries will export. How can you explain this anomaly?5.An examination of the Ricardian model of comparative advantage yields theclear result that trade is (potentially) beneficial for each of the two tradingpartners since it allows for an expanded consumption choice for each. However, for the world as a whole the expansion of production of one product mustinvolve a decrease in the availability of the other, so that it is not clear that tradeis better for the world as a whole as compared to an initial situation of non-trade(but efficient production in each country). Are there in fact gains from trade forthe world as a whole? Explain.Quantitative/Graphing Problems1. Given the following information:Unit Labor RequirementsCloth WidgetsHome 100 200Foreign 60 30What is the opportunity cost of Cloth in terms of Widgets in Foreign?2. Given the following information:Unit Labor RequirementsCloth WidgetsHome 100 200Foreign 60 30If these two countries trade these two goods in the context of the Ricardianmodel of comparative advantage, then what is the lower limit of the worldequilibrium price of widgets?3. Given the following information:Unit Labor RequirementsCloth WidgetsHome 100 200Foreign 60 30If these two countries trade these two goods with each other in according to the Ricardian model of comparative advantage, what is the lower limit for the price of cloth?4. Given the following information:Units Produced by One Worker/HourCloth WidgetsHome 100 200Foreign 60 30What is the opportunity cost of cloth in terms of Wwdgets in Foreign?5. Given the following information:Units Produced by One Worker/HourCloth WidgetsHome 100 200Foreign 60 30If these two countries trade these two goods with each other in the following the Ricardian model of comparative advantage, then what is the lower limit for the world equilibrium price of cloth?1. Home has 1200 units of labor available. It can produce two goods, apples and bananas. The unit labor requirement in apple production is 3, while in banana production it is2.a. Graph Home's production possibility frontier.b. What is the opportunity cost of apples in terms of bananas?c. In the absence of trade, what would the price of apples in terms of bananas be? Why?2. Home is as described in problem 1. There is now also another country, Foreign, with a labor force of 800. Foreign's unit labor requirement in apple production is 5, while in banana production it is 1.a. Graph Foreign's production possibility frontier.b. Construct the world relative supply curve.3. Now suppose world relative demand takes the following form: Demand for apples / demand for bananas = price of bananas / price of applesa. Graph the relative demand curve along with the relative supply curve.b. What is the equilibrium relative price of apples?c. Describe the pattern of trade.d. Show that both Home and Foreign gain from trade.4. Suppose that instead of 1200 workers, Home had 2400. Find the equilibrium relative price. What can you say about the efficiency of world production and the division of the gains from trade between Home and Foreign in this case?5. Suppose that Home has 2400 workers, but they are only half as productive in both industries as we have been assuming. Construct the world relative supply curve and determine the equilibrium relative price. How do the gains from trade compare with those in the case described in problem 4?6. “ Korean workers earn only $2.50 an hour; if we allow Korea to export as much as it likes to the United States, our workers will be forced down to the same level. You can’t import a $5 shirt without importing the $2.50 wage that goes with it.” Discuss.7. 请对下列观点加以评价：（1）只有当一个国家的生产率达到足以在国际竞争中立足的水平时，它才能从自由贸易中获益；（2）如果来自外国的竞争是建立在低工资的基础上，那么这种竞争是不公平的，而且会损害其他参与竞争的国家；（3）如果一个国家的工人比其他国家工人的工资低，那么贸易就会使这个国家受到剥削并使福利恶化。
国际经济学考试试题完美版,含答案
全国2007年4月高等教育自学考试国际经济学试题课程代码00140一、单项选择题25小题1分25分在每小题列出的四个备选项中只有一个是符合题目要求的错选、多选或未选均无分。
1.从十五世纪初到十八世纪中叶AA.重商主义B.重农主义C.重金主义D.货币主义2.采取进口替代战略的国家不倾向使用的政策是DA.对进口关税设置壁垒B.对非关税设置障碍C.对外汇实行管制D.对本国货币低估对外价值3.相对技术差异论的提出者是BA.斯密B.李嘉图C.奥林D.赫克歇尔4.关税与贸易总协定进行了多轮多边贸易谈判CA.日内瓦回合B.东京回合C.乌拉圭回合D.安纳西回合5.世界贸易组织成立于CA.1993年B.1994年C.1995年D.1996年6.一般而言不属于外汇市场主要参与者的是DA.商业银行B.中央银行C.外贸公司D.居民个人7.国际收支平衡表中最重要的收支差额是DA.官方结算差额B.商品贸易差额C.基本收支差额D.经常项目差额8.国际收支调整的重要基础理论是CA.调整论B.货币论C.弹性论D.平衡论9.从总体上看产品的需求弹性的绝对值将AA.大于1B.小于1C.等于1D.不确定10.在开放经济条件下c=0.6s=0.3考虑政府的财政收入部分CA.10/9B.5/3C.5/2D.10/311.下列属于非关税壁垒的措施是DA.反倾销税B.反补贴税C.进口附加税D.国内最低限价12.最佳关税来源于BA.进口国厂商B.出口国厂商C.第三国出口厂商D.第三国进口厂商13.20世纪90年代东南亚金融危机爆发的最直接原因是AA.泰国宣布放弃盯住汇率制度B.韩国财团破产C.香港股市大跌D.日本经济大幅下滑14.特别提款权实质上是一种DA.货币B.基金C.债权D.记帐单位15.国际收入调整的货币理论中的价格—铸币流动机制提出者是CA.亚当·斯密B.保罗·克鲁格曼C.大卫·休谟D.彼得·凯恩16.在比较利益模型中CA.在两国贸易前的国内比价线之上B.在两国贸易前的国内比价线之下C.在两国贸易前的国内比价线之间D.与两国贸易前的国内比价线相同17.一A.出口方式B.直接投资方式C.发放许可证方式D.间接投资方式18.巴格瓦蒂等经济学家提出对希望移居外国的本国居民征收一部分税费AA.可使移民的移出国获得某种补偿B.可补偿移出国的商品出口C.可补偿本国劳动力收入D.可补偿公共设施的不足19.重叠需求贸易理论从需求的角度对产业内贸易加以概括和解释出了重要贡献。
国际经济学模拟试题(含答案)
一、判断题重商主义者认为每个国家应该努力实现出口等于进口的平衡贸易。
错李嘉图的比较优势理论指出，即使其中一个国家在所有产品上都具有绝对成本优势，各国也可以根据比较优势进行专业化生产，然后通过贸易获益。
对对于大多数消费者和国家来说，沿无差异曲线移动，其边际替代率是不变的。
错大小不相等的两个国家进行贸易时，大部分贸易收益将流向较小的国家。
对贫穷化增长适用于长期以来人口增长快于国内生产总值增长的国家。
错与关税不同，配额并没有导致进口产品的国内价格上涨。
错7、国际收支是国际债务余额的另一种叫法。
错8、如果一家美国汽车销售商同意用日元支付3个月后进口的汽车款，它应该在远期市场通过卖出日元进行套期保值错。
9、若美国经济增长速度高于英国，美元相对于英镑升值。
错10、确定汇率的货币分析法强调的是流量而不是存量。
错二、选择题1、大卫·休谟的价格流转学说表明( d )。
d. 贸易余额及由此产生的收入流将引起国内价格上涨，使贸易余额成为暂时性的，而不是永久性的2、如果一个阿根廷工人能生产3蒲式耳：小麦或1辆汽车，而一个巴西工人能生产4蒲式耳小麦或2辆汽车，则( d )。
d. 巴西在小麦和汽车生产上都具有绝对优势，而阿根廷在小麦生产上具有比较优势3、如果没有发生贸易，一国将通过（d）实现经济独立均衡d.在社会无差异曲线与转换曲线的切点上进行生产和消费4、林德尔需求重叠理论bb.认为制成品最初在母国生产，然后出口到与本国人均GNP相近的国家5、如果大国征收关税(大国模式)，则( d )。
d．消费者净损失可能小于贸易条件带来的收益6、关于有效关税率，即有效保护率，下列说法正确的是( c )。
c．如果进口投入品的名义关税低于工业产成品的名义关税，那么有效关税率高于名义关税率7、下面各项中，应记入美国国际收支账户贷方的是( d )。
d．日本索尼公司从美国微软公司购买计算机软件8、德国马克的美元价格下跌的原因是( a )。
《国际经济学》练习题及答案(函授)
《国际经济学》练习题及答案（函授）国际经济学练习题及答案一、单项选择（每题2分）1、关税同盟比自由贸易区一体化程度更高，体现为()A.对非成员国实行统一的非关税政策B.对非成员国实行统一的关税政策C.消除了成员国经济贸易政策方面的差异D.实现了区域内生产要素的自由流动2、就国家整体而言，分配进口配额最好的方法是()A、竞争性拍卖B、固定的受惠C、资源使用申请程序D、政府适时分配3，比较利益理论认为国际贸易的驱动力是()A.劳动生产率的差异B.需求水平的差异C.产品品质的差异D.价格的差异4，短期内国际贸易对收入分配的影响是（）A、劳动实际报酬上升，出口部门资本实际报酬下降，与进口相竞争部门资本实际报酬不确定。
B、劳动实际报酬下降，出口部门资本实际报酬不确定，与进口相竞争部门资本实际报酬上升。
C、劳动实际报酬不确定，出口部门资本实际报酬下降，与进口相竞争部门资本实际报酬上升。
D、劳动实际报酬不确定，出口部门资本实际报酬上升，与进口相竞争部门资本实际报酬下降。
5、产品生命周期理论认为，在产品成熟期，决定比较优势的最主要因素是()A、研究与开发B、非熟练或半熟练劳动C、资本D、垄断技术6、以下说法正确的是（）A.出口补贴损害了国内生产者的利益；B.出口补贴损害了国内消费者的利益；C.出口补贴损害了国外消费者的利益；D.出口补贴对本国改善贸易条件有利。
7、李斯特的贸易保护主义的特点是（）A、保护落后产业B、保护成熟产业C、保护幼稚产业D、保护垄断产业8、上世纪70年代后发展起来的新贸易理论主要有()A．要素禀赋理论、规模经济理论和重叠需求理论。
B．规模经济理论、比较利益理论和产品周期理论。
C．产品周期理论、规模经济理论和重叠需求理论D．比较利益理论、要素禀赋理论和规模经济理论9、下列哪个是开放的经济一体化组织。
（）A、东盟B、欧盟C、APECD、WTO10、赫克歇尔一俄林模型认为国际贸易的根本原因是（）A.各国生产要素禀赋不同B.各国劳动生产率不同C.各国技术水平不同D.各国产品技术含量不同11、在分析直接投资的决定性因素时，内部化理论强调()A.最终产品市场的不完全性B.中间产品市场的不完全性C.生产要素市场的不完全性D.金融市场的不完全性12、经济一体化的形式按一体化程度的高低，由低至高的排序是（）A.自由贸易区关税同盟共同市场经济联盟完全的经济一体化B.自由贸易区共同市场关税同盟经济联盟完全的经济一体化C.自由贸易区关税同盟共同市场经济联盟完全的经济一体化D.自由贸易区共同市场关税同盟经济联盟完全的经济一体化13、根据S-S定理，国际贸易会()A.提高该国丰富要素所有者的实际收入，降低稀缺要素所有者的实际收入。
国际经济学学位考试试题(参考答案见题后)
《国际经济学》学位考试试题（参考答案见题后）一、单项选择题1、斯密在批判重商主义的同时还提出了 (A )。
A.自由贸易思想B.管理贸易思想C.保护贸易思想D.干预贸易思想2、重商主义认为衡量国家财富的标准应是（C）。
A. 商品B. 生产力C. 金银D. 购买力3、资本主义进入垄断时期以后，主要资本主义国家实施的是（B）。
A. 新贸易保护主义政策B. 超保护贸易政策C. 自由贸易政策D. 重商主义政策4、沿着外凸的生产可能性边界线向下移动时，随着一种物品产量的增加，生产该物品的机会成本将会（B）。
A. 保持不变B. 增加C. 减少D. 无法确定5、晚期的重商主义理论又被称为（D）。
A. 货币差额论B. 重农主义C. 重工主义D. 贸易差额论6、英国经济学家亚当。
斯密在1776年出版的《国富论》中提出了（A）A．绝对优势理论 B.比较优势理论 C. 货币差额论 D.保护贸易理论7、斯密在批判重商主义的同时还提出了 (A )。
A.自由贸易思想B.管理贸易思想C.保护贸易思想D.干预贸易思想8、重商主义认为衡量国家财富的标准应是（C）。
A. 商品B. 生产力C. 金银D. 购买力9、资本主义进入垄断时期以后，主要资本主义国家实施的是（B）。
A. 新贸易保护主义政策B. 超保护贸易政策C. 自由贸易政策D. 重商主义政策10、以下是在没有贸易的情况下，甲、乙两个国家生产每吨小麦和每万米匹布所需投入的劳动量（劳动/年），根据此表，以下选项中错误的是（D）。
A.B. 甲国的布匹生产具有绝对优势C. 甲国的小麦生产具有相对优势D. 甲国的布匹生产具有相对优势11、斯密在批判重商主义的同时还提出了 (A )。
A.自由贸易思想B.管理贸易思想C.保护贸易思想D.干预贸易思想12、以下是在没有贸易的情况下，甲、乙两个国家生产每吨小麦和每万米匹布所需投入的劳动量（劳动/年），根据此表，以下选项中错误的是（D）。
A.B. 甲国的布匹生产具有绝对优势C. 甲国的小麦生产具有相对优势D. 甲国的布匹生产具有相对优势13、以下几种外币资产中，不是外汇的是(D)A. 美元B. 英镑C. 港元D. 越南盾14、要素价格均等化定理是（C）。
国际经济学英文题库(最全版附答案).docx
【国际经济学】英文题库ChaPter 1: IntroductionMultiple-Choice QUeStiO ns1. WhiCh of the following PrOdUCtS are not PrOdUCed at all in the United States?*A. Coffee, tea, cocoaB. steel, copper, aluminumC. petroleum, coal, natural gasD. typewriters, computers, airpla nes2. InternatiOnal trade is most important to the Standard of living of:A. the United StateS*B. SWitZerIandC. Germa nyD. England3. OVer time, the economic interdependence of natiOnS has:*A. grownB. dimi nishedC. rema ined Un Cha ngedD. Cannot Say4. A rough measure of the degree of economic interdependence of a natiOn is given by:A. the SiZe of the nations' populationB. the PerCentage of its population to its GDP*C. the PerCentage of a nation's imports and exports to its GDPD. all of the above5. EConomic interdependence is greater for:*A. small natiOnSnations isB. large natiOnSC. developed n atio nsD. develop ing n ati OnS6. The gravity model of internatiOnal trade PrediCtS that trade between twoIargerA. the Iarger the two natiOnSB. the closer the nationsC. the more open are the two natiOnS*D. all of the above7. InternatiOnal economics deals with:A. the flow of goods, services, and Payments among natiOnSB. policies directed at regulating the flow of goods, services, and PaymentsC. the effects of policies On the WeIfare of the natiOn*D. all of the above8. InternatiOnal trade theory refers to:*A. the microecOnomic aspects of internatiOnal tradeB. the macroecOnomic aspects of internatiOnal tradeC. open economy macroecOnomics or international financeD. all of the above9. WhiCh of the following is not the SUbjeCt matter of internatiOnal finance?A. foreign exchange marketsB. the balance of Payments*C. the basis and the gains from tradeD. policies to adjust balance of Payments disequilibria10. EConomic theory:A. SeekS to explain economic eventsB. SeekS to PrediCt economic eventsC. abstracts from the many detail that surro UndS an econo mic eve nt*D. all of the above11. WhiCh of the follow ing is not an assumpti On gen erally made in the StUdy of in ter natiOnal economics?A. two natiOnSB. two commodities*C. PerfeCt international mobility of factorsD. two factors of PrOdUCtion12. In the StUdy of internatiOnal economics:A. internatiOnal trade policies are examined before the bases for tradeB. adjustment policies are discussed before the balance of PaymentsC. the CaSe of many natiOnS is discussed before the two-natiOnS CaSe*D. none of the above13. InternatiOnal trade is SimiIar to interregiOnal trade in that both must overcome:*A. distance and SPaCeB. trade restrictiOnSC. differe nces in CUrre nciesD. differe nces in mon etary SyStemS14. The opening or expansion Of internatiOnal trade usually affects all members of so ciety:A. POSitiVeIyB. negatively*C. most POSitiVeIy but some negativelyD. most negatively but Some PoSitiVely15. An inCreaSe in the dollar PriCe of a foreign CUrrency usually:A. ben efit U.S. importers*B. ben efits U.S. exportersC. ben efit both U.S. importers and U.S. exportersD. harms both U.S. importers and U.S. exporters16. WhiCh of the following Statements With regard to internatiOnal economics is true?A. It is a relatively new field*B. it is a relatively old fieldC. most of its Con tributors Were not econo mistsD. none of the above思考题:1. 为什么学习国际经济学非常重要？2. 列举体现当前国际经济学问题的一些重要事件，它们为什么重要？3. 当今世界面临的最重要的国家经济问题是什么？全球化的利弊各是什么?ChaPter 2: The LaW of COmParatiVe AdVantageMultiple-Choice QUeStiO ns1. The MerCantilists did not advocate:*A.free tradeB. StimUIating the nation's exportsC. restricting the nations' importsD. the accumulatiOn Of gold by the natiOn2. ACCOrding to Adam Smith, international trade WaS based on: *A. absolute advantageB. COmParatiVe advantageC. both absolute and COmParatiVe advantageD. neither absolute nor ComParatiVe advantage3. What proport ion Of intern ati Onaltrade is based On absolute adva ntage?A. AllB. most*C. someD. none 4. The commodity in WhiCh the natiOn has the smallest absolute disadvantage is the commodity of its:A. absolute disadvantageB. absolute advantageC. COmParatiVe disadva ntage*D. COmParatiVe advantageB. an absolute disadvantageC. a COmParatiVe disadva ntage in commodity Y*D. a COmParatiVe advantage in commodity Y6. If With One hour of labor time natiOn A Can PrOdUCe either 3X or 3Y while natiOn B Can PrOdUCe either 1X or 3Y (and labor is the Only in put):A. nation A has a COmParatiVe disadvantage in commodity XB. natiOn B has a COmParatiVe disadvantage in commodity Y*C. natiOn A has a COmParatiVe advantage in commodity XD. nation A has a COmParatiVe advantage in neither commodity7. With reference to the Statement in QUeStiOn 6:A. Px∕Py=1 in nation A5. If in a two-natiOn (A and B), two-commodity (X and Y) world, it is established tha t natiOn A has a COmParatiVeadvantage in commodity X, then natiOn B must have: A. an absolute advantage in commodity Yin commodity YB. Px∕Py=3 in nation BC. Py∕Px=1∕3 in nation B*D. all of the above8. With reference to the Statement in QUeStiOn 6, if 3X is exchanged for 3Y:A. nation A gains 2X*B. nation B gains 6YC. nation A gains 3YD. nation B gains 3Y9. With reference to the Statement of QUeStiOn 6, the range of mutually beneficial tra de between natiOn A and B is:A. 3Y < 3X < 5YB. 5Y < 3X < 9Y*C. 3Y < 3X < 9YD. 1Y < 3X < 3Y10. If domestically 3X=3Y in nation A, while 1X=1Y domestically in nation B:A. there will be no trade between the two natiOnSB. the relative PriCe of X is the Same in both nationsC. the relative PriCe of Y is the Same in both nations*D. all of the above11. RiCardO explained the law of COmParatiVe advantage On the basis of:*A. the labor theory of valueB. the opportUnity cost theoryC. the law of diminishing returnsD. all of the above12. WhiCh Of the following Statements is true?A. The comb ined dema nd for each commodity by the two n ati OnS is n egatively slope dB. the combined SUPPIy for each commodity by the two natiOnS is rising StePWiSeC. the equilibrium relative commodity PriCe for each commodity With trade is giv en by the in tersecti On Of the dema nd and SUPPIy of each commodity by the two n ati OnS *D. all of the above13. A difference in relative commodity PriCeS between two natiOnS Can be based upo n a difference in:A. factor endowmentsB. tech no IogyC. tastes *D. all of the above14. In the trade between a small and a large nation:A. the large natiOn is likely to receive all of the gains from trade *B. the small natiOn is likely to receive all of the gains from tradeC. the gains from trade are likely to be equally SharedD. We Cannot Say15. The RiCardian trade model has been empirically*A. VerifiedB. rejectedC. not testedD. tested but the results Were inconCIUSiVe思考题:比较优势原理所带来的贸易所得是从何而来的？贸易利益又是如何分配的?现实世界中比较优势是如何度量的？你认为目前中国具有比较优势的商品有哪些？这意味着什么？比较优势会不会发生变化？什么样的原因可能会导致其变化？经济学家是如何验证比较优势原理的？ChaPter 3: The Standard Theory Of InternatiOnal TradeMUItiPle-ChoiCe QUeStiO ns1. A PrOdUCtiOn frontier that is ConCaVe from the origin indicates that the nation inCUrS inCreaSing opportUnity costs in the PrOdUCtion of:A. commodity X OnlyB. commodity Y OnIy*C. both commoditiesD. neither commodity2. The marginal rate of tranSfOrmatiOn (MRT) of X for Y refers to:A. the amount of Y that a natiOn must give UP to PrOdUCe each additiOnal Unit of XB. the opportUnity cost of XC. the absolute slope of the PrOdUCtiOn frontier at the Point of PrOdUCtion*D. all of the above3. WhiCh of the following is not a reasOn for inCreaSing opportUnity costs:*A. tech no Iogy differs among n atio nsB. factors of PrOdUCtion are not homogeneousC. factors of PrOdUCtion are not USed in the Same fixed proportiOn in the PrOdUCtiOnof all commoditiesD. for the natiOn to PrOdUCe more of a commodity, it must USe resources that are leSS and less SUited in the PrOdUCtion Of the commodity4. Community indifference curves:A. are negatively slopedB. are ConVeX to the OriginC. should not cross*D. all of the above5. The marginal rate of SUbStitUtiOn (MRS) of X for Y in ConSUmPtiOn refers to the:A. amount of X that a n ati On must give UP for One extra Un it of Y and still rema in o n the Same indifference CUrVe*B. amount of Y that a n ati On must give UP for One extra Un it of X and still rema in On the Same indifference CUrVeC. amount of X that a natiOn must give UP for One extra Unit of Y to reach a higher in differe nce CUrVeD. amount of Y that a natiOn must give UP for One extra Unit of X to reach a higher in differe nce CUrVe6. WhiCh of the following Statements is true With respect to the MRS of X for Y?A. It is given by the absolute slope of the indifference CUrVeB. declines as the natiOn moves down an indifference CUrVeC. rises as the natiOn moves UP an indifference CUrVe*D. all of the above7. WhiCh of the following Statements about community indifference CUrVeS is true?A. They are entirely Unrelated to individuals' community indifference CUrVeSB. they cross, they Cannot be USed in the analysis*C. the problems aris ing from in tersect ing com munity in differe nce CUrVeS Can be over come by the applicatiOn Of the compensatiOn PrincipleD. all of the above.8. WhiCh of the following is not true for a natiOn that is in equilibrium in isolation?*A. It ConSUmeS inSide its PrOdUCtiOn frontierB. it reaches the highest indifference CUrVe POSSibIe With its PrOdUCtiOn frontierC. the indifference CUrVe is tangent to the nation's PrOdUCtiOn frontierD. MRT Of X for Y equals MRS Of X for Y, and they are equal to Px/Py9. If the internal Px/Py is lower in natiOn 1 than in natiOnA. nation 1 has a COmParatiVe adva ntage in commodity YB. nation 2 has a COmParatiVe adva ntage in commodity X*C .n atiOn2 hasaCOmParatiVeadvantageir I commodity YD. none of the above2 WithOUt trade:10. NatiOn 1's Share of the gains from trade Will be greater:A. the greater is n ati On 1's dema nd for n atio n 2's exports*B. the closer Px/Py With trade SettIeS to natiOn 2's Pretrade Px/PyC. the Weaker is n ati On 2's dema nd for n atio n 1's exportsD. the closer Px/Py With trade SettIeS to natiOn 1's Pretrade Px/Py11. If Px/Py exceeds the equilibrium relative Px/Py With tradeA. the nation exporting commodity X will Want to export more of X than at ium equilibrB. the nation importing commodity X will Want to import less of X than atUmequilibri C. Px/Py will fall toward the equilibrium Px/Py*D. all of the above12. With free trade Under inCreaSing costs:A. neither nation will SPeCiaIiZe completely in PrOdUCtionB. at least One natiOn will ConSUme above its PrOdUCtiOn frontierC. a small natiOn will always gain from trade*D. all of the above13. WhiCh of the following Statements is false?A. The gains from trade Can be broken down into the gains from exchange and the gains from SPeCiaIiZatiOnB. gains from exchange result even WithOUt SPeCiaIiZatiOn*C. gains from SPeCiaIiZatiOn result even WithOUt exchangeD. none of the above14. The gains from exchange With respect to the gains from SPeCiaIiZatiOn are always:A. greaterB. smallerC. equal*D. We Cannot Say WithOUt additiOnal informatiOn15. MUtUaIIy beneficial trade Cannot occur if PrOdUCtion frontiers are:A. equal but tastes are notB. different but tastes are the SameC. different and tastes are also different*D. the Same and tastes are also the same.思考题：国际贸易的标准理论与大卫.李嘉图的比较优势原理有何异同？两国仅仅由于需求偏好不同可以进行市场分工和狐狸贸易吗？两国仅仅由于要素禀赋不同和/或生产技术不同可以进行分工和贸易吗？ChaPter 4: Demand and Supply, Offer Curves, and the TermS of TradeMUItiPIe ChOiCe QUeStiOnS1. WhiCh of the following Statements is correct?A. The dema nd for imports is give n by the excess dema nd for the commodityB. the SUPPIy of exports is given by the excess SUPPIy of the commodityC. the SUPPIy CUrVe of exports is flatter than the total SUPPIy CUrVe of the commodity*D. all of the above2. At a relative commodity PriCe above equilibriumA. the excess dema nd for a commodity exceeds the excess SUPPIy Of the commodityB. the quantity demanded of imports exceeds the quantity SUPPIied of exports*C. the commodity PriCe Will fallD. all of the above3. The offer CUrVe of a natiOn shows:A. the SUPPIy of a nation's importsB. the dema nd for a n ati on's exportsC. the trade Part ner's dema nd for imports and SUPPIy of exports*D. the n ati on's dema nd for imports and SUPPIy of exports4. The offer CUrVe of a nation bulges toward the axis measuring the natiOnSA. import commodity*B. export commodityC. export or import commodityD. non traded commodity5. EXPOrt PriCeS must rise for a nation to inCreaSe its exports because the nation:A. inCUrS inCreaSing opportUnity costs in export PrOdUCtiOnB. faces decreasing opportUnity costs in PrOdUCing import SUbStitUteSC. faces decreasing marginal rate of SUbStitUtiOn in ConSUmPtiOn*D. all of the above6. WhiCh of the following Statements regarding PartiaI equilibrium analysis is false?A. It relies On traditi Onal dema nd and SUPPIy CUrVeSB. it isolates for StUdy One market*C. it Can be USed to determine the equilibrium relative commodity PriCe but not the equilibrium quantity With tradeD. none of the above7. WhiCh of the following Statements regarding PartiaI equilibrium analysis is true?A. The dema nd and SUPPIy CUrVe are derived from the n atio n's PrOdUCt ion fron tier an d in differe nce mapB. It shows the Same basic informatiOn as offer CUrVeSC. It shows the Same equilibrium relative commodity PriCeS as With Offer CUrVeS*D. all of the above8. In What Way does PartiaI equilibrium analysis differ from general equilibrium analyA. The former but not the Iatter Can be USed to determine the equilibrium PriCe WithtradeB. the former but not the Iatter Can be USed to determine the equilibrium quantityWith tradeC. the former but not the Iatter takes in to Con Siderati On the in teractio n among all ma rkets in the economy*D. the former gives Only an approximation to the anSWer sought.9. If the terms of trade of a natiOn are 1.5 in a two-natiOn world, those of the trade Partner are:A. 3/4*B. 2/3C. 3/2D. 4/310. If the terms of trade inCreaSe in a two-natiOn world, those of the trade Partner:*A. deteriorateB. improveC. rema in Un Cha ngedD. any Of the above11. If a natiOn does not affect world PriCeS by its trading, its offer curve:A. is a Straight lineB. bulges toward the axis measuring the import commodity*C. in tersects the Straight-Ii ne Segme nt of the world's offer CUrVeD. in tersects the positively-sloped porti On Of the world's offer CUrVe12. If the n ati on's tastes for its import commodity in creases:A. the nation's offer CUrVe rotates toward the axis measuring its import commodityB. the Partner's OfferCUrVe rotatestoward the axismeasuring itsimport commodityC. the Partner's OfferCUrVe rotatestoward the axismeasuring itsexport commodity*D. the nation's offerCUrVe r otates toward the axis measuring its export commodity13. If the n ati on's tastes for its import commodity in creases:A. the n ati on's terms of trade rema in Un Cha nged*B. the nation's terms of trade deteriorateC. the Partner's terms of trade deteriorateD. any Of the above14. If the tastes for a n ati On import commodity in creases, trade volume:*A. inCreaSeSB. decli nesC. rema ins Un Cha ngedD. any Of the above15. A deterioratiOn Of a nation's terms of trade CaUSeS the nation's WeIfare to:A. deteriorateB. improveC. rema in Un Cha nged*D. any Of the above思考题：提供曲线如何推导？有何用途？两国贸易时的均衡商品价格是如何决定的？受哪些因素影响？贸易条件的含义是？贸易条件的改善意味着什么？哪些因素可能导致贸易条件的改善? ChaPter 5: FaCtOr Endowments and the HeCkSCher-OhIin TheOryMultiple-Choice QUeStiO ns1. The H-O model extends the CIaSSiCaI trade model by:A. explaining the basis for COmParatiVe advantageB. examining the effect of trade On factor PriCeS*C. both A and BD. neither A nor B2. WhiCh is not an assumptiOn Of the H-O model:A. the Same tech no Iogy in both n ati OnSB. ConStant returns to scale*C. complete SPeCiaIiZatiOnD. equal tastes in both nations3. With equal tech no Iogy n ati OnS will have equal K/L in PrOdUCt ion if:*A. factor PriCeS are the SameB. tastes are the SameC. PrOdUCtion functions are the SameD. all of the above4. We Say that commodity Y is K-intenSiVe With respect to X When:A. more K is USed in the ProdUCtion Of Y than XB. less L is USed in the PrOdUCtion Of Y than X*C. a lower L/K ratio is USed in the PrOdUCtion Of Y than XD. a higher KZL is USed in the PrOdUCtion Of X than Y5. When WZr falls, LZKA. falls in the PrOdUCtiOn Of both commodities*B. rises in the PrOdUCtion Of both CommoditiesC. Can rise or fallD. is not affeCted6. A natiOn is Said to have a relative abUndance of K if it has a:A. greater absolUte amoUnt of KB. smaller absolUte amoUnt of LC. higher LZK ratio*D. lower r/w7. A difference in relative commodity PriCeS between natiOnS Can be based On a diffe rence in:A. tech noIogyB. factor endowmentsC. tastes*D. all of the above8. In the H-O model, internatiOnal trade is based mostly On a difference in:A. tech noIogy*B. factor endowmentsC. economies of scaleD. tastes9. ACCOrding to the H-O model, trade reduces internatiOnalA. relative but not absolute factor PriCeSB. absolute but not relative factor PriCeS*C. both relative and absolute factor PriCeSD. neither relative nor absolute factor PriCeS10. ACCOrding to the H-O model, internatiOnal trade will:A. reduce intern ati Onal differe nces in Per CaPita in comesB. in CreaSeS intern ati Onal differe nces in Per CaPita in comes *C. may inCreaSe or reduce internatiOnal differences in PerD. lead to complete SPeCiaIiZatiOn11. The H-O model is a general equilibrium model becauseA. PrOdUCtion in both natiOnSB. ConSUmPtiOn in both natiOnSC. trade between the two natiOnS*D. all of the above12. The H-O model is a SimPIifiCatiOn Of the a truly generalbecause it deals with:A. two natiOnSB. two commoditiesC. two factors of PrOdUCtion*D. all of the above13. The Leontief ParadoX refers to the empirical finding that U.S. *A. import SUbStitUteS are more K-intenSiVe than exportsdiffere nces in:CaPita in comes it deals with:equilibrium modelB. imports are more K-intenSiVe than exportsC. exports are more L-intenSiVe than importsD. exports are more K-intenSiVe than import SUbStitUteS14. From empirical studies, We Conclude that the H-O theory:A. must be rejectedB. must be accepted WithOUt reservatiOnS*C. Can be accepted while awaiting further testingD. explains all internatiOnal trade15. For factor reversal to occur, two commodities must be PrOdUCed with: *A. SUffiCiently different elasticity of SUbStitUtiOn Of factorsB. the Same K/L ratioC. tech no IogiCally-fixed factor proport ionsD. equal elasticity of SUbStitUtiOn Of factors思考题：H-O理论有哪些假设？各假设的含义是什么？为什么要做出这些假设？如何检验H-O理论的正确性？H-O-S定理的假设条件又是什么？他与生产要素国际间的流动有何关系？如何检验H-O-S定理在现实中的可靠性？ChaPter 6: EConomies of Scale, ImPerfeCt COmPetition, and InternatiOnal TMultiple-Choice QUeSti ons:1. Relaxing the assumptions On WhiCh the HeCkSCher-OhIin theory rests:A. leads to reject ion Of the theoryB. IeaVeS the theory Unaffected*C. requires ComPlementary trade theoriesD. any Of the above.WhiCh of the following assumptiOnS of the HeCkSCher-OhIin theory, When relaxed, leav e the theory Unaffected?A. Two nations, two commodities, and two factorsB. both n ati OnS USe the Same tech no IogyC. the Same commodity is L-intenSiVe in both natiOnS*D. all of the aboveWhiCh of the following assumptiOnS of the HeCkSCher-OhIin theory, When relaxed, require new trade theories?*A. EConomies of scaleB. in complete SPeCiaIiZati OnC. SimiIar tastes in both nationsD. the existence of tranSPOrtatiOn costsInternatiOnal trade Can be based On economies of scale even if both natiOnS have ide ntical:A. factor endowmentsB. tastesC. tech no Iogy*D. all of the above5. A great deal of internatiOnal trade:A. is intra-industry tradeB. involves differentiated PrOdUCtSC. is based On monOPoliStiC COmPetitiOn*D. all Of the above6. The HeCkSCher-OhIin and new trade theories explains most of the trade:A. among in dustrial CoUn triesB. between developed and developing CoUntriesC. in in dustrial goods*D. all of the aboveThe theory that a nation exports those PrOdUCtS for WhiCh a large domesticXiStSWaS advaneed by:*A. LinderB. VernonC. Leon tiefD. Ohlin8. Intra-industry trade takes place:A. beCause PrOdUCtS are homogeneous*B. in Order to take advantage of economies of SCaleC. beCause PerfeCt COmPetitiOn is the PreVaIent form of market organiZatiOnD. all of the aboveIf a natiOn exports twice as muCh of a differentiated PrOdUCt that it imports, indUStry (T) index is eqUal to:A. 1.00B. 0.75*C. 0.50D. 0.2510. Trade based On tech no IogiCal gaps is closely related to:A. the H-O theory market e its intra-*B. the PrOdUCt-CyCIe theoryC. Linder's theoryD. all of the above11. WhiCh of the following Statements is true With regard to the PrOdUCt-CyCIe theor y?A. It depe nds On differe nces in tech no IogiCal Cha nges over time among CoUn triesB. it depe nds On the ope ning and the clos ing of tech no IogiCal gaps among CoUn triesC. it postulates that in dustrial CoUn tries export more adva need PrOdUCtS to less adva n Ced CoUntries*D. all of the above12. Transport costs:A. inCreaSe the PriCe in the importing CoUntryB. redUces the PriCe in the exporting CoUntry*C. both of the aboveD. neither A nor B.13. Transport costs Can be analyzed:A. With dema nd and SUPPIy CUrVeSB. PrOdUCtion frontiersC. offer CUrVeS*D. all of the above14. The Share of transport costs will fall less heavily On the nation:*A. With the more elastic dema nd and SUPPIy of the traded commodityB. With the less elastic dema nd and SUPPIy of the traded commodityC. export ing agricUltUral PrOdUCtSD. With the IargeSt domestic market15. A footloose industry is One in WhiCh the product:A. gains Weight in PrOCeSSingB. loses Weight in PrOCeSSingC. both Of the above*D. neither A nor B.思考题：本章的贸易理论与基于比较优势的贸易理论有哪些不同？这两类贸易理论是互相排斥的吗？H-O理论与心贸易理论之间有什么经验关联？运输成本对H-O定理和H-O-S定理有何影响？不同的环保标准时如何影响产业选址及国际贸易的？2009年底联合国哥本哈根气候大会中的议题与国际贸易有何关系？这对我国经贸发展有何影响？ChaPter 7: EConomic GrOWth and International TradeMultiple-Choice QUeStiO ns1. Dynamic factors in trade theory refer to Changes in:A. factor endowmentsB. tech no IogyC. tastes*D. all of the above2. Doubling the amount of L and K Under ConStant returns to scale:A. doubles the OUtPUt of the L-intenSiVe commodityB. doubles the OUtPUt of the K-intenSiVe commodityC. IeaVeS the ShaPe of the PrOdUCtiOn frontier UnChanged*D. all of the above.3. DoUbling Only the amount Of L available Under ConStant returns to scale:A. less than doubles the OUtPUt of the L-intenSiVe commodity*B. more than doubles the OUtPUt of the L-intenSiVe commodityC. doubles the OUtPUt of the K-intenSiVe commodityD. IeaVeS the OUtPUt of the K-intenSiVe commodity UnChanged4. The RybCZynSki theorem postulates that doubling L at ConStant relative commodity prices: ∣A. doubles the OUtPUt of the L-intenSiVe CommodityI*B. reduces the OUtPUt of the K-intenSiVe commodityC. inCreaSeS the OUtPUt of both commoditiesD. any Of the above5. Doubling L is likely to:A. inCreaSeS the relative PriCe of the L-intenSiVe commodityB. reduces the relative PriCe of the K-intenSiVe commodity*C. reduces the relative PriCe of the L-intenSiVe commodityD. any Of the aboveTeCh ni cal PrOgreSS that in CreaSeS the PrOdUCtiVity of L proport ion ately more tha n the PrOdUCtiVity of K is called:*A. CaPitaI SaVingB. labor SaVingC. n eutralD. any Of the above7. A 50 PerCent PrOdUCtiVity inCreaSe in the PrOdUCtiOn Of commodity Y:A. inCreaSeS the OUtPUt of commodity Y by 50 PerCentB. does not affect the OUtPUt of XC. ShiftS the ProdUCtion frontier in the Y directiOn Only *D. any Of the above8. Doubling L With trade in a small L-abUndant nation: *A. reduces the nation's social WeIfareB. reduces the nation's terms of tradeC. reduces the volume of tradeD. all of the above9. Doubling L With trade in a large L-abUndant nation:A. reduces the nation's social WeIfareB. reduces the nation's terms of tradeC. reduces the volume of trade*D. all of the abovenation's terms of trade Can be expected *A.deteriorateB. improveC. rema in Un Cha ngedD. any Of the aboveA proportiOnately greater inCreaSe in the nation's SUPPIy of labor than Of CaPitaI is likelyto result in a deterioratiOnin the nation's terms of trade if the natiOn exports:A. the K-intenSiVe commodity*B. the L-intenSiVe commodityC. either commodityD. both commodities12. TeChniCal ProgreSS in the nation's export commodity:*A. may reduce the nation's WeIfareB. will reduce the nation's WeIfareC. will inCreaSe the nation's WeIfareIf, at UnChangedterms of trade, a nation WantS to trade more after growth, then theto:D. IeaVeS the nation's WeIfare UnChanged13. Doubling K With trade in a large L-abUndant nation:A. inCreaSeS the nation's WeIfareB. improves the nation's terms of tradeC. reduces the volume of trade*D. all of the above14. An inCreaSe in tastes for the import commodity in both nations:A. reduces the volume of trade*B. inCreaSeS the volume of tradeC. IeaVeS the volume of trade UnChangedD. any Of the above15. An inCreaSe in tastes of the import commodity of NatiOn A and export in B:*A. will reduce the terms of trade of NatiOn AB. will inCreaSe the terms of trade of NatiOn AC. will reduce the terms of trade of NatiOn BD. any Of the above思考题：要素积累和技术进步如何影响一国的生产可能性曲线的形状和位置？何种类型的经济增长最可恩能够导致国家福利的下降？那种类型的经济增长最可能导致国家福利的改善?ChaPter 8: Trade ReStriCtions: TariffSMultiple-choice QUeSti OnS1. WhiCh of the followi ng Stateme nts is in correct?A. An ad valorem tariff is expressed as a PerCentage of the value of the traded com modityB. A SPeCifiC tar肝is expressed as a fixed SUm of the value of the traded commodity.C. EXPOrt tariffs are PrOhibited by the U.S. ConStitUtiOn。
10套 《国际经济学》期末试卷及答案
《国际经济学》模拟试卷（1）一、单项选择（10小题，每小题1分，共10分）：在四个备选答案中选择一个最适合的答案。
1．关于一般均衡分析的新古典模型，说法不正确的是（）。
A.国际贸易理论的标准模型B.采用2 2 1模型进行阐述C.将技术、要素禀赋、需求偏好集于一体D.由哈伯勒、勒纳、里昂惕夫和米德等人提出2．国际金融理论的发展一直是围绕着（）这一十分重要的问题而展开的。
A.外部平衡B.内部平衡C.外部平衡与内部平衡D.规模经济3．生产可能性曲线的假设条件有（）。
A.两种生产要素的总供给都是可变的B.生产要素可在两个部门间自由流动C.两种生产要素没有充分利用D.两种商品的生产技术条件是可变的4．要素密集度可借助于（）来说明。
A.社会无差异曲线B.需求曲线C.等产量曲线D.供给曲线5．国际贸易会（）贸易国出口部门特定要素的实际收入。
A.提高B.降低C.不影响D.可能影响6．在产品生命周期的产品成熟阶段，产品属于（）。
A.研究与开发密集型B.资本密集型C.劳动密集型D.土地密集型7．属于国际收支账户中服务项目的有（）。
A.证券投资B.商品修理C.计算机和信息服务D.非货币黄金8．购买力平价论（the theory of purchasing power parity），简称PPP理论，是（）在其1922年出版的《1914年以后的货币与外汇》（money and foreign exchange after 1914）中第一次系统阐述的。
A.勒纳B.卡塞尔C.凯恩斯D.多恩布什9．假设某国的边际消费倾向为0.80，边际进口倾向为0.30，试问该国的对外贸易乘数是（）。
A.1B.2C.3D.410．假设即期汇率l英镑=2美元，在欧洲市场美元一年期的利率为15%，英镑为10%，求一年后的远期汇率1英镑等于（）美元。
A.2.091B.2C.1.913D.3二、判断题（10小题，每小题1分，共10分）：若判断正确，在小题后的括号内填上“√”号；若判断不正确，则在小题后的括号内填上“×”号。
国际经济学考试试题
河北大学课程考核试卷2006 —2007 学年第学期 1 级专业（类）考核科目国际经济学课程类别必修考核类型考试考核方式闭卷卷别B （注：考生务必将答案写在答题纸上，写在本试卷上的无效）一、多项选择（共10分，每题2分）1、下列属于主张自由贸易的经济学家有（）A、托马斯·孟和威列·斯塔夫B、大卫·休谟C、赫克歇尔和俄林D、李斯特E、凯恩斯2、下列那些可能是机会成本不变的原因（）A、生产中可能只使用一种生产要素B、生产中使用两种以上生产要素，但每种产品的要素使用比例相同C、生产中使用两种以上生产要素，但每种产品的要素使用比例不同D、以上都正确3、现实世界中，国际贸易产生的原因可能是（）A、两国资源禀赋的相对差异B、两国生产率的相对差异C、内部规模经济或外部规模经济D、不完全竞争导致的相互倾销E、两国消费者偏好的不同4、法律意义上的倾销必须具备的条件有（）A、外国企业确有低价销售之行为B、进口国生产同类产品的企业受到低价进口商品的冲击，以至于其市场份额明显减少C、进口国同类企业的利润水平明显降低D、在低价进口品的冲击下，进口国同类工业难以建立起来E、市场是分割的，不允许商品回流B—7—15、贫困化（悲惨增长）增长必须具备的条件是（）A、经济增长是偏向于进口部门的B、经济增长是偏向于出口部门的C、增长国的边际进口倾向较大D、增长国在世界市场上是一个大国E、增长国的出口产品在世界市场上需求的价格弹性非常高二、单项选择（共30分，每小题1分）1、在绝对成本说和相对成本说中，机会成本（）A、不变B、递增 C 、为零D、递减2、下列一体化程度较高的一种一体化形式是（）A、自由贸易区B、关税同盟C、共同市场D、经济联盟3、下列不属于贸易保护学说的理论是（）A、幼稚产业学说C、最佳关税学说B、资源禀赋学说D、战略性贸易政策学说4、下列哪项属于关税同盟的静态效果（）A、市场扩大或规模经济效果B、贸易创造和贸易转移效果C、吸引外部投资D、促进成员国企业竞争5、关于倾销的说法正确的有（）A、持续性倾销是出口商以低于其本国国内价格甚至是低于其生产成本的价格长期向国外销售其产品的行为B、掠夺性倾销是出口商以低于其本国国内价格甚至是低于其生产成本的价格向国外销售其产品的暂时性行为C、倾销不利于进口国的生产者和消费者D、倾销不利于出口国的生产者和消费者6、下列说法正确的有（）B—7—2A、倾销是以低于国内价格向国外销售产品，因此，不符合企业的利润最大化目标B、出口补贴对出口国的生产者有利，对出口国的消费者也有利C、出口补贴对进口国的生产者不利，对进口国的消费者也不利D、出口补贴对出口国的生产者有利，对进口国的消费者有利7、在产品生命周期的成熟阶段，该产品一般属于（）A、资本密集型产品B、劳动或资源密集型产品C、技术密集型产品D、研发密集型产品8、下列那个因素不一定导致国际贸易（）A、两国需求状况相同时，要素禀赋的相对差异B、两国需求状况相同时，要素禀赋的绝对差异C、供给状况相同时，需求状况的差异D、其他条件相同时，两国生产率的相对差异9、关于国际贸易中的国际交换比价和国际贸易利益，下列说法不正确的有（）A、只要国际交换比价处在开放前两国国内交换比价之间，则国际贸易就可能进行B、只要国际交换比价处在开放前两国国内交换比价之间，则国际贸易对两个国家都有好C、只要国际交换比价处在开放前两国国内交换比价之间，则国际贸易给两个国家带来的好处就相等D、只要国际交换比价处在开放前两国国内交换比价之间，则国际贸易就可增加世界总福利10、根据斯托泊—萨谬尔森定理，下列推论不正确的有（）A、进口关税将提高进口商品密集使用的生产要素的实际报酬B、进口关税将降低出口部门密集使用的生产要素的实际报酬C、商品的出口将提高出口部门密集使用的生产要素的实际报酬D、商品的进口将提高进口部门密集使用的生产要素的实际报酬11、按照要素价格均等化定理，下列哪个原因不是要素价格均等化的原因（）A、商品价格未实现均等化B—7—3B、关税、非关税壁垒等障碍C、运输成本的存在D、要素在国家之间的流动受到限制12、根据罗伯津斯基定理，下列那个推论是正确的（）A、偏向出口部门的增长将改善本国的贸易条件B、偏向进口部门的增长将恶化本国的贸易条件C、偏向进口部门的增长将降低本国的福利D、偏向出口部门的增长在一定条件下可能会降低本国的净福利13、关于汇率，下列表述正确的是（）A、汇率上升，则本币贬值B、汇率下降，则本币贬值C、直接标价法下，汇率下降，则本币贬值D、间接标价法下，汇率上升，则本币升值14、在供给弹性无穷大的情况下，马歇尔和勒纳认为，通过本币贬值改善贸易收支，必须具备的条件是（）其中，ηx,ηm分别是出口和进口需求弹性A、|ηx＋ηm |<1B、|ηx+ηm |≤1C、|ηx+ηm |>1D、|ηx＋ηm |≥115、给定边际消费倾向为3／5，边际进口倾向为1／10，则外贸乘数为（）A、10／15B、10／2C、10／4D、10／1716、假定某国关税前单位棉布的市场价格为10元，其中减品棉纱的市场价格为6元，若该国对棉布征收进口关税税率为20％，对棉纱的关税税为40％，则该国对棉布的实际保护率为（）A、10％B、－10％C、90％D、－90％17、根据国际收支调整的货币分析方法，下列表述正确的是（）（1）在货币需求不变的情况下，国内信贷减少，则国际收支会出现顺差（2）在货币需求不变的情况下，国内信贷减少，则国际收支会出现逆差B—7—4（3）在货币需求不变的情况下，国内信贷扩张，则国际收支会出现顺差（4）在货币需求不变的情况下，国内信贷扩张，则国际收支会出现逆差A、1和4都正确B、2和3都正确C、只有1正确D、只有2正确18、关于利率平价，下列表述正确的有（）A、国内利率高于国外利率的差额等于本国货币的远期升水B、国内利率高于国外利率则人们会预期本币会升值C、抛补利率平价条件意味着，远期汇率等于预期未来的即期汇率D、同购买力平价一样，利率平价也是“一价定律”在商品市场发挥作用的结果19、关于汇率决定，下列表述正确的是（）A、PPP学说是一价定律在单个商品上的体现B、若一定时期内外国的通货膨胀率高于本国，则以直接标价法表示的汇率上升C、金铸币本位制下，汇率波动范围的上限是金平价加上黄金运送成本D、一价定律的前提条件是不完全竞争的市场机制20、当一国国际收支为顺差时，外汇市场上本币的供求关系为A、供大于求B、供小于求C、供求相等D、无法判断21、在一定汇率条件下，一国物价水平普遍上升，导致出口下降、进口增加，国际收支趋于逆差，这种国际收支不平衡，属于（）A、周期性不平衡B、结构性不平衡C、收入性不平衡D、价格性不平衡22、根据汇率决定的弹性价格模型，下列判断正确的有（）A、外国货币供给量增加，本币贬值B、本国经济增长快于外国，本币升值C、国内利率相对上升，本币升值D、国内货币供给相对增加，本币升值23、根据蒙代尔提出的“分配法则”，内部平衡应该采取什么政策来实现（）A、货币政策B、财政政策C、产业政策D、贸易政策24、固定汇率制下，某国出现了严重就业不足和国际收支逆差并存的情况，则应该采用（）B—7—5A、紧缩性的财政政策与扩张性的货币政策B、紧缩性的财政政策与紧缩性的货币政策C、扩张性的财政政策与紧缩性的货币政策D、扩张性的财政政策与扩张性的货币政策25、规定金币作为本位币，但在国内不流通金币，只流通银行券，银行券不具备无限的法偿力，不能自由铸造金币，但规定单位货币的含金量和黄金的官方价格，银行券不能自由兑换成黄金，该货币制度叫（）A、金本位B、金汇兑本位制C、金块本位制D、布雷顿森林体系26、下列属于主张保护贸易的经济学家有（）A、亚当·斯密B、李斯特和汉米尔顿C、李嘉图D、俄林27、下列那个不是倾销必须具备的条件（）A、市场是不完全竞争的B、企业在国内外市场所面临的需求曲线相同C、国内外市场完全分隔，不会发生商品回流D、国外市场的需求弹性大于国内市场的需求弹性28、下列那个不是世界贸易组织的基本原则（）A、非歧视原则B、贸易自由化原则C、可预见性原则D、数量限制和关税保护并重29、关于最佳关税的描述不正确的有（）A、外国出口商对进口国的出口供给弹性越大，则最佳关税越高B、外国出口商对进口国国内市场的依赖程度越高，则最佳关税越高C、进口国对外国出口商的需求弹性越大，则最佳关税税率越高D、进口国对外国出口商品的依赖程度越高，则最佳关税税率越高B—7—630、下列哪个理论不是建立在比较利益的思想基础之上的( )A、亚当斯密的绝对优势理论B、大卫李嘉图的比较优势理论C、赫克歇尔俄林的要素禀赋理论D、用规模经济来解释贸易原因的新贸易理论三、名词解释（共25分，每小题5分）1、最惠国待遇2、要素密集度逆转3、货币贬值的J曲线效应4、里昂惕夫之谜5、黄金输送点四、简答（共20分，每小题10分）1、以小国为例，画图解释进口关税对生产、消费的实际影响，以及对生产者、消费者、政府以及国家整体的福利影响。
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Chapter 19Earnings and DiscriminationTRUE/FALSE1. A compensating differential refers to a difference in wages that arises from nonmonetary characteristics. ANS: T DIF: 2 REF: 19-1NAT: Analytic LOC: Labor markets TOP: Compensating differentials MSC: Definitional2. A compensating differential is a difference in wages due to higher levels of education or other forms of humancapital.ANS: F DIF: 1 REF: 19-1NAT: Analytic LOC: Labor markets TOP: Compensating differentials MSC: Definitional3. The fact that doctors are paid more than economics professors is an example of a compensating differential. ANS: T DIF: 1 REF: 19-1NAT: Analytic LOC: Labor markets TOP: Compensating differentials MSC: Definitional4. A computer is an example of productivity-enhancing human capital.ANS: F DIF: 2 REF: 19-1NAT: Analytic LOC: Labor markets TOP: Human capitalMSC: Definitional5. Higher levels of human capital are correlated with higher earnings because firms are willing to pay more forbetter-educated workers who have higher marginal productivities.ANS: T DIF: 2 REF: 19-1NAT: Analytic LOC: Labor markets TOP: Human capitalMSC: Interpretive6. As a result of an increase in the earnings gap between skilled and unskilled jobs, the incentive to get a collegeeducation has been declining.ANS: F DIF: 2 REF: 19-1NAT: Analytic LOC: Labor markets TOP: Increasing value of skillsMSC: Interpretive7. The rising gap in wages between unskilled and skilled workers is most likely related to a larger increase indemand for unskilled occupations relative to skilled occupations.ANS: F DIF: 2 REF: 19-1NAT: Analytic LOC: Labor markets TOP: Increasing value of skillsMSC: Interpretive8. One hypothesis to explain the rising gap in wages between unskilled and skilled workers in the United Statesis that international trade has altered the relative demands for skilled and unskilled workers.ANS: T DIF: 2 REF: 19-1NAT: Analytic LOC: Labor markets TOP: Increasing value of skillsMSC: Interpretive9. The statement that "the rich get richer, and the poor get poorer" is supported by evidence of an expandingwage gap between high-skill and low-skill workers.ANS: T DIF: 1 REF: 19-1NAT: Analytic LOC: Labor markets TOP: Increasing value of skillsMSC: Interpretive10. Some economists suggest that international trade has led to an expanding wage gap between high-skill andlow-skill workers in the United States.ANS: T DIF: 2 REF: 19-1NAT: Analytic LOC: Labor markets TOP: Increasing value of skillsMSC: Interpretive12871288 Chapter 19/Earnings and Discrimination11. It is increasingly clear that technological change, rather than international trade, has been largely responsiblefor an expanding wage gap between high-skill and low-skill workers.ANS: F DIF: 2 REF: 19-1NAT: Analytic LOC: Labor markets TOP: Increasing value of skillsMSC: Interpretive12. The United States is losing manufacturing jobs to countries like China and India, where manufacturing jobshave increased 30 percent since 1995.ANS: F DIF: 2 REF: 19-1NAT: Analytic LOC: Labor markets TOP: Increasing value of skillsMSC: Applicative13. Since 1995, global manufacturing employment has declined, yet global industrial output has risen.ANS: T DIF: 2 REF: 19-1NAT: Analytic LOC: Labor markets TOP: Increasing value of skillsMSC: Applicative14. One explanation for the loss in manufacturing jobs is that new technologies have replaced the need for someworkers.ANS: T DIF: 2 REF: 19-1NAT: Analytic LOC: Labor markets TOP: Increasing value of skillsMSC: Applicative15. The demand for workers with excellent problem-solving skills is increasing, as are the wages for thoseworkers.ANS: T DIF: 2 REF: 19-1NAT: Analytic LOC: Labor markets TOP: Increasing value of skillsMSC: Applicative16. One reason why better-looking workers may have higher earnings is that physical attractiveness may enhancea worker’s productivity for certain jobs, especially for those workers who deal with the public.ANS: T DIF: 2 REF: 19-1NAT: Analytic LOC: Labor markets TOP: Beauty premiumMSC: Interpretive17. One reason why better-looking workers may have higher earnings is that physical attractiveness is correlatedwith intelligence.ANS: F DIF: 2 REF: 19-1NAT: Analytic LOC: Labor markets TOP: Beauty premiumMSC: Interpretive18. The signaling theory of education maintains that workers who complete specific levels of education signaltheir high productivity to potential to employers.ANS: T DIF: 2 REF: 19-1NAT: Analytic LOC: Labor markets TOP: SignalingMSC: Definitional19. The signaling theory of education maintains that workers who complete specific levels of education enhancetheir productivity through education.ANS: F DIF: 2 REF: 19-1NAT: Analytic LOC: Labor markets TOP: SignalingMSC: Definitional20. If the signaling theory of education is correct, then education is correlated with higher earnings because peoplewith higher levels of education are more productive.ANS: F DIF: 2 REF: 19-1NAT: Analytic LOC: Labor markets TOP: SignalingMSC: InterpretiveChapter 19/Earnings and Discrimination 1289 21. The human-capital theory of education maintains that workers who complete specific levels of educationenhance their productivity through education.ANS: T DIF: 2 REF: 19-1NAT: Analytic LOC: Labor markets TOP: Human capital | SignalingMSC: Definitional22. Education and on-the-job training are sources of human capital.ANS: T DIF: 1 REF: 19-1NAT: Analytic LOC: Labor markets TOP: Human capitalMSC: Applicative23. The superstar phenomenon explains why professional athletes earn more than amateur athletes.ANS: F DIF: 1 REF: 19-1NAT: Analytic LOC: Labor markets TOP: Superstar phenomenonMSC: Definitional24. Superstars earn high incomes due to their ability to satisfy the demands of millions of people at once.ANS: T DIF: 2 REF: 19-2NAT: Analytic LOC: Labor markets TOP: SuperstarsMSC: Interpretive25. An effective minimum wage law will increase the quantity of labor demanded.ANS: F DIF: 2 REF: 19-1NAT: Analytic LOC: Labor markets TOP: Above-equilibrium wagesMSC: Applicative26. Labor unions will raise the quantity of labor demanded.ANS: F DIF: 2 REF: 19-1NAT: Analytic LOC: Labor markets TOP: UnionsMSC: Applicative27. Efficiency wages will raise the quantity of labor supplied to the market.ANS: T DIF: 2 REF: 19-1NAT: Analytic LOC: Labor markets TOP: Efficiency wagesMSC: Applicative28. Efficiency wages decrease employee effort.ANS: F DIF: 1 REF: 19-2NAT: Analytic LOC: Labor markets TOP: Above-equilibrium wagesMSC: Interpretive29. Efficiency wages decrease employee turnover.ANS: T DIF: 1 REF: 19-2NAT: Analytic LOC: Labor markets TOP: Above-equilibrium wagesMSC: Interpretive30. Economic theory of labor markets suggests that wages are governed by labor supply and labor demand. ANS: T DIF: 1 REF: 19-1NAT: Analytic LOC: Labor markets TOP: WagesMSC: Applicative31. Empirical evidence suggests that ability, effort, and chance are not likely to be significant contributors to wagedifferences.ANS: F DIF: 1 REF: 19-1NAT: Analytic LOC: Labor markets TOP: WagesMSC: Interpretive32. Discrimination is a reflection of some people's prejudice against certain groups in society.ANS: T DIF: 1 REF: 19-2NAT: Analytic LOC: Labor markets TOP: DiscriminationMSC: Definitional1290 Chapter 19/Earnings and Discrimination33. Differences in human capital among groups of workers is possibly a reflection of past discrimination.ANS: T DIF: 1 REF: 19-2NAT: Analytic LOC: Labor markets TOP: DiscriminationMSC: Interpretive34. Discrimination is an emotionally charged issue that is impossible to study objectively.ANS: F DIF: 2 REF: 19-2NAT: Analytic LOC: Labor markets TOP: DiscriminationMSC: Interpretive35. When differences in human capital among workers lead to discrimination, the differences are typically a resultof social or political processes rather than economic processes.ANS: T DIF: 2 REF: 19-2NAT: Analytic LOC: Labor markets TOP: DiscriminationMSC: Interpretive36. When comparing average wages for black and white workers in the United States, wages paid to blackworkers have been about 20 percent less than those paid to white workers.ANS: T DIF: 2 REF: 19-2NAT: Analytic LOC: Labor markets TOP: Labor-market discrimination MSC: Applicative37. When comparing average wages for male and female workers in the United States, wages paid to females havebeen about 40 percent less than those paid to male workers.ANS: F DIF: 2 REF: 19-2NAT: Analytic LOC: Labor markets TOP: Labor-market discrimination MSC: Applicative38. Politicians often point to average wage differentials as evidence of labor-market discrimination against ethnicminorities and women; however, economists argue against this approach because they don't trust any of the statistics quoted by the politicians.ANS: F DIF: 2 REF: 19-2NAT: Analytic LOC: Labor markets TOP: Labor-market discrimination MSC: Interpretive39. Politicians often point to wage differentials as evidence of labor-market discrimination against ethnicminorities and women; however, economists argue against this approach because people differ in the kinds of work they are willing and able to do.ANS: T DIF: 2 REF: 19-2NAT: Analytic LOC: Labor markets TOP: Labor-market discrimination MSC: Interpretive40. Economists would argue that the gender wage gap is narrowing because of efficiency wages.ANS: F DIF: 2 REF: 19-2 | 19-1NAT: Analytic LOC: Labor marketsTOP: Labor-market discrimination | Efficiency wages MSC: Interpretive41. All differences in wages that are not accounted for by differences in human-capital investment are likely to bea result of discrimination.ANS: F DIF: 2 REF: 19-2NAT: Analytic LOC: Labor markets TOP: Labor-market discrimination MSC: Interpretive42. In a labor market free from discrimination, wages for workers that are employed by the same company willstill differ.ANS: T DIF: 2 REF: 19-2 | 19-1NAT: Analytic LOC: Labor marketsTOP: Labor-market discrimination | Human capital MSC: InterpretiveChapter 19/Earnings and Discrimination 1291 43. Evidence of discrimination is most apparent when one compares wages among broad groups.ANS: F DIF: 2 REF: 19-2NAT: Analytic LOC: Labor markets TOP: Labor-market discrimination MSC: Interpretive44. When discrimination occurs as a result of prejudice, firms do not maximize profits.ANS: T DIF: 2 REF: 19-2NAT: Analytic LOC: Labor markets TOP: Labor-market discrimination MSC: Interpretive45. Consumers are often a primary source of discrimination in labor markets.ANS: T DIF: 2 REF: 19-2NAT: Analytic LOC: Labor markets TOP: Labor-market discrimination MSC: Interpretive46. Discrimination is usually not a profit-maximizing strategy.ANS: T DIF: 2 REF: 19-2NAT: Analytic LOC: Labor markets TOP: DiscriminationMSC: Interpretive47. One example of labor-market discrimination is that firms may be less likely to interview job-marketcandidates whose names suggest that they are members of a racial minority.ANS: T DIF: 2 REF: 19-2NAT: Analytic LOC: Labor markets TOP: Labor-market discrimination MSC: Interpretive48. If people with blue eyes earn more than people with brown eyes, we have proof of discrimination againstpeople with brown eyes.ANS: F DIF: 2 REF: 19-2NAT: Analytic LOC: Labor markets TOP: DiscriminationMSC: Interpretive49. Profit-maximizing, competitive firms will not discriminate in the hiring of workers unless consumers exercisea preference for discrimination in product markets or governments mandate discrimination.ANS: T DIF: 2 REF: 19-2NAT: Analytic LOC: Labor markets TOP: Labor-market discrimination MSC: Interpretive50. Streetcar owners in the early 20th century were against segregation for profit maximizing reasons.ANS: T DIF: 2 REF: 19-2NAT: Analytic LOC: Labor markets TOP: DiscriminationMSC: Interpretive51. Experimental evidence indicates women choose less competitive environments than men.ANS: T DIF: 2 REF: 19-2NAT: Analytic LOC: Labor markets TOP: Gender differencesMSC: InterpretiveSHORT ANSWER1. After graduating from college, you receive job offers from five different accounting firms. All job offers havea different compensation package. Is it irrational for you to accept an offer that doesn't provide the highestlevel of monetary compensation? Use the concept of compensating differentials to explain your answer. ANS:Compensating differentials refer to differences in job characteristics across different occupations. But compensating differentials can also lead to differences in job characteristics within an occupation. Such considerations may include geographic location and quality-of-life issues associated with a particular job offer. Thus, it is not irrational to consider nonmonetary compensation.DIF: 2 REF: 19-1 NAT: ReflectiveLOC: Labor markets TOP: Compensating differentialsMSC: Analytical1292 Chapter 19/Earnings and Discrimination2. The National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) has long argued that nationally-prominent collegeathletes are compensated with an investment in human capital that far exceeds the monetary reward of playing professional sports. Examine this argument in light of your knowledge of human capital theory and theeconomic theory of labor markets.ANS:Many economists would argue that the NCAA is the most exploitative organization in the United States, considering the value that star student athletes contribute to a university. Most would argue that the education that star student athletes receive is of less value than what the athletes contribute.DIF: 2 REF: 19-1 NAT: ReflectiveLOC: Labor markets TOP: Human capitalMSC: Analytical3. A recent study of the determinants of wages for clerical staff at a state university found that years of schooling,years of experience, age and job characteristics only explained about one-half of the difference in wages.Describe other factors that may be important in explaining wages differences for clerical staff.ANS:Other factors may include gender, job tenure, and job responsibilities, ability and effort.DIF: 2 REF: 19-1 NAT: AnalyticLOC: Labor markets TOP: Wages MSC: Analytical4. Explain the theory that education acts as a signaling device. How does this contrast with the theory ofeducation as an investment in human capital?ANS:The theory of signaling suggests that those who have desirable "productivity" characteristics are more likely to finish educational programs. The human capital theory suggests that productivity characteristics are enhanced by the learning that takes place in formal educational programs.DIF: 2 REF: 19-1 NAT: ReflectiveLOC: Labor markets TOP: Human capital | SignalingMSC: Definitional5. List the productivity factors that may explain the differences in pay between men and women in similaroccupations. Do any of these factors arise as a result of cultural or social traditions? If so, describe howchanges in social relationships will affect the pay gap over time.ANS:Job experience, education, lifetime patterns of work experience, etc. The gap should narrow as the cultural and social barriers to female access to productivity-enhancing experiences are reduced.DIF: 2 REF: 19-2 NAT: ReflectiveLOC: Labor markets TOP: Labor-market discriminationMSC: Analytical6. Explain the role of job experience in explaining the differences between the average wages of men andwomen.ANS:Women, who have primary responsibility for housework and child-rearing duties, typically have less continuity in the labor force. As such, there is a difference in the average years of job experience between men and women. DIF: 2 REF: 19-2 NAT: AnalyticLOC: Labor markets TOP: Labor-market discriminationMSC: AnalyticalChapter 19/Earnings and Discrimination 1293 7. Explain how compensating differentials could contribute to differences between the average wages of men andwomen.ANS:Men and women may, on average, select different career paths. If men tend to be more concentrated in jobs that have less desirable working conditions, then compensating differentials can explain some of the difference in wages between men and women.DIF: 2 REF: 19-2 | 19-1 NAT: AnalyticLOC: Labor marketsTOP: Labor-market discrimination | Compensating differentialsMSC: Applicative8. Evaluate the following statement: "The gender pay gap provides evidence of widespread, severe, ongoingdiscrimination by employers and fellow workers."ANS:There are many explanations of the gender pay gap. Some are associated with discrimination both by consumers and employers. Others are not associated with discrimination. Examples of factors that would explain why men earn more than women, on average, but that are not associated with discrimination include years of labor-market experience, types of jobs, levels of human capital, and on-the-job training.DIF: 2 REF: 19-2 NAT: ReflectiveLOC: Labor markets TOP: Labor-market discriminationMSC: Analytical9. In a recent U.S. presidential campaign, a lobbyist for a prominent national women's organization made theclaim that women in the United States earn $0.60 for every $1.00 earned by a man. A reporter, who wasprepared for this statement, asked the lobbyist why wages paid to the organization's secretarial staff (all of whom were women) were significantly below the national average if they were truly interested in raising the rates of compensation for women. If you were the lobbyist, how would you have answered this question? Do you think your answer is convincing? Explain.ANS:The lobbyist would likely respond by citing factors that explain wage differences on the basis of compensating differentials, education, and job experience. These arguments would be convincing to those who subscribe to the marginal productivity theory of compensation.DIF: 2 REF: 19-2 NAT: ReflectiveLOC: Labor markets TOP: Labor-market discriminationMSC: Analytical10. Explain the role that consumers play in perpetuating discrimination in labor markets.ANS:Consumers are able to exercise their biases when they purchase goods and services. For example, if consumers prefer to have female personal trainers than male personal trainers, then firms may respond to these preferences by paying a higher wage to attract female personal trainers. The higher wage paid to women based solely on their gender (or the lower wage paid to male trainers based solely on their gender) would be an example of discrimination driven by consumer preferences.DIF: 2 REF: 19-2 NAT: AnalyticLOC: Labor markets TOP: Labor-market discriminationMSC: Applicative11. Explain why the following situation is likely to persist: soccer players in Europe are the highest paid athletesand in the US they are among the lowest paid athletes.ANS:Consumers use personal preferences when they make purchases. In this case, US consumers prefer other sports such as baseball, basketball, or football over soccer. Although over time we would expect a movement together in compensations for athletes in different sports, the discriminatory preferences of consumers allow the gap to persist over time.DIF: 2 REF: 19-2 NAT: AnalyticLOC: Labor markets TOP: Labor-market discriminationMSC: Applicative1294 Chapter 19/Earnings and DiscriminationSec 01--Some Determinants of Equilibrium WagesMULTIPLE CHOICE1. Effective minimum-wage laws will most likelya.increase demand for labor.b.create a surplus of labor.c.increase incomes for all unskilled workers.d.decrease incomes for all unskilled workers.ANS: B DIF: 2 REF: 19-1NAT: Analytic LOC: Labor markets TOP: Above-equilibrium wagesMSC: Applicative2. Above-equilibrium wages caused by efficiency wages will most likely result ina. a shortage of labor.b.increased unemployment.pensating wage differentials.d.an decrease in the quantity of labor supplied.ANS: B DIF: 2 REF: 19-1NAT: Analytic LOC: Labor markets TOP: Above-equilibrium wagesMSC: Applicative3. If we were to observe above-equilibrium wages in a particular labor market, then a possible explanation mightbe thata.the theory of efficiency wages holds true for that market.b.there is a powerful labor union representing workers in that market.c.workers are largely unskilled and/or inexperienced and minimum-wage laws are effectively holdingwages up in that market.d.All of the above are correct.ANS: D DIF: 1 REF: 19-1NAT: Analytic LOC: Labor markets TOP: Above-equilibrium wagesMSC: Applicative4. Which of the following statements is not correct?a.Some firms pay wages that are above the equilibrium wage.b.Workers sometimes form labor unions to push their wages up.c.Wages never deviate from the balance of supply and demand in the market for labor.d.The federal government mandates that employers pay their workers at least as much as theminimum wage.ANS: C DIF: 2 REF: 19-1NAT: Analytic LOC: Labor marketsTOP: Wages | Above-equilibrium wages MSC: Interpretive5. Which of the following is not a consequence of above-equilibrium wages in a labor market?a. a surplus of laborb.unemploymentc.more unionized jobsd.All of the above are consequences of above-equilibrium wages.ANS: C DIF: 2 REF: 19-1NAT: Analytic LOC: Labor markets TOP: Above-equilibrium wagesMSC: AnalyticalChapter 19/Earnings and Discrimination 12956. Which of the following is the most likely outcome of minimum wage laws?a.an increase in both the quantity of labor supplied by workers and the quantity of labor demanded byfirmsb.an increase in the quantity of labor supplied by workers and a decrease in the quantity of labordemanded by firmsc. a decrease in the quantity of labor supplied by workers and an increase in the quantity of labordemanded by firmsd. a decrease in both the quantity of labor supplied by workers and the quantity of labor demanded byfirmsANS: B DIF: 2 REF: 19-1NAT: Analytic LOC: Labor markets TOP: Above-equilibrium wagesMSC: ApplicativeFigure 19-17. Refer to Figure 19-1. Some policymakers have argued that the government should establish a "living wage."A living wage would provide workers a reasonable standard of living in their city or region. If a living wage of$10 per hour is established in the market pictured here, we would expecta.employment will increase to 14 million.b.employment will decrease to 8 million.c.the wage will actually rise to $20 per hour.d.there will be a surplus of 14 million workers.ANS: B DIF: 2 REF: 19-1NAT: Analytic LOC: Labor markets TOP: Above-equilibrium wagesMSC: Analytical8. Refer to Figure 19-1. Suppose the local labor market was in equilibrium to begin with but then the largestlocal employer decided to change its compensation scheme to $10 as shown. Which of the followingcompensation schemes could the graph be illustrating?a.An efficiency wage.b.Discrimination.c. A compensating differential.d.The superstar phenomenon.ANS: A DIF: 2 REF: 19-1NAT: Reflective LOC: Labor markets TOP: Above-equilibrium wagesMSC: Analytical1296 Chapter 19/Earnings and Discrimination9. Refer to Figure 19-1. What is the loss associated with wages moving from $8 to $10?a. 2 million jobs.b. 6 million jobs.c.8 million jobs.d.14 million jobs.ANS: A DIF: 2 REF: 19-1NAT: Analytic LOC: Labor markets TOP: Above-equilibrium wages MSC: AnalyticalFigure 19-210. Refer to Figure 19-2. This figure depicts labor demand and supply in a nonunionized labor market. Theoriginal equilibrium is at point A. If a labor union subsequently establishes a union shop and negotiates an hourly wage of $20, then there will be an excessa.supply of 3,000 workers.b.demand of 7,000 workers.c.supply of 4,000 workers.d.supply of 7,000 workers.ANS: D DIF: 2 REF: 19-1NAT: Analytic LOC: Labor marketsTOP: Above-equilibrium wages | Unions MSC: Analytical11. Refer to Figure 19-2. This figure depicts labor demand and supply in a nonunionized labor market. Theoriginal equilibrium is at point A. If a labor union subsequently establishes a union shop and negotiates an hourly wage of $20, then the employment levela.increases from 6,000 to 10,000.b.increases from 3,000 to 10,000.c.decreases from 10,000 to 3,000.d.decreases from 6,000 to 3,000.ANS: D DIF: 2 REF: 19-1NAT: Analytic LOC: Labor marketsTOP: Above-equilibrium wages | Unions MSC: AnalyticalFigure 19-3The manufacturing labor market.12. Refer to Figure 19-3. Suppose the manufacturing labor market, which is non-unionized, is in equilibrium at awage equal to $30. Suppose now that the AFL-CIO (a labor organization) organizes the workers in themanufacturing market and negotiates a wage of $38 per hour. Because of the union,a.10 people who were once employed are now unemployed.b.20 people who were once employed are now unemployed.c.40 people who were once employed are now unemployed.d.20 people who were once unemployed are now employed.ANS: B DIF: 2 REF: 19-1NAT: Analytic LOC: Labor marketsTOP: Above-equilibrium wages | Unions MSC: Analytical13. Refer to Figure 19-3. Suppose the manufacturing labor market, which is non-unionized, is in equilibrium at awage equal to $30. Suppose now that the AFL-CIO (a labor organization) organizes the workers in themanufacturing market and negotiates a wage of $38 per hour. After the workers become unionized, how many workers do manufacturing firms collectively hire?a.130 workersb.150 workersc.170 workersd.There is not enough information to determine the number of workers.ANS: A DIF: 2 REF: 19-1NAT: Analytic LOC: Labor marketsTOP: Above-equilibrium wages | Unions MSC: Analytical14. Which of the following is not an example of efficiency wages?a.More productive workers are paid more to reflect their higher output.b.Higher wages induce higher output from workers.c.Better quality applicants apply for jobs that pay above-equilibrium wages.d.Workers are less likely to leave jobs that pay above-equilibrium wages.ANS: A DIF: 3 REF: 19-1NAT: Analytic LOC: Labor marketsTOP: Efficiency wages | Above-equilibrium wages MSC: Analytical15. Which of the following is true of minimum-wage laws?a.They affect skilled workers’ wages.b.They create above-equilibrium wages for some unskilled workers.c.They create a shortage of unskilled labor.d.They negatively affect the employment of skilled workers.ANS: B DIF: 2 REF: 19-1NAT: Analytic LOC: Labor markets TOP: Above-equilibrium wages MSC: Applicative16. A difference in wages that arises to offset the nonmonetary characteristics of different jobs is known asa. a compensating differential.b.an inefficiency wage.c.the equilibrium difference.d. a union wage.ANS: A DIF: 1 REF: 19-1NAT: Analytic LOC: Labor markets TOP: Compensating differentials MSC: Definitional17. Working in a slaughterhouse is much riskier and more unpleasant than working in a bookstore. As a result,we'd expect a difference in wages between the two jobs. The difference is known asa.an efficiency wage.b. a compensating differential.c. a wage adjustment.d. a minimum wage.ANS: B DIF: 1 REF: 19-1NAT: Analytic LOC: Labor markets TOP: Compensating differentials MSC: Definitional18. The term "compensating differential" refers toa.the fact that workers who do similar work should be paid the same wage.b.the fact that some workers live further from their jobs than do other workers.c. a wage difference that is distinguishable on the basis of monetary characteristics.d. a wage difference that arises from nonmonetary characteristics of different jobs.ANS: D DIF: 2 REF: 19-1NAT: Analytic LOC: Labor markets TOP: Compensating differentials MSC: Definitional19. A difference in wages that reflects differences in the nonpay features of two jobs is calleda. a compensating differential.b. a wage adjustment.c.an efficiency wage.d. a minimum wage.ANS: A DIF: 1 REF: 19-1NAT: Analytic LOC: Labor markets TOP: Compensating differentials MSC: Definitional20. Many kindergarten teachers have advanced educational degrees, yet they have lower average earnings thatother individuals with similar educational levels. A potential explanation for the differences in earnings is that kindergarten teachersa.have more pleasant working conditions.b.have less pleasant working conditions.c.work longer hours.d.must pass certification tests.ANS: A DIF: 1 REF: 19-1NAT: Analytic LOC: Labor markets TOP: Compensating differentials MSC: Applicative。