定语从句重难点辨析

定语从句重难点辨析

定语从句是高中的重点知识，也是高考的必考知识点，通常以单项填空和改错的形式出现，在写作中也是获取高分的黄金句。2011年18套全国及各省市高考试题中就有13个省市涉及这一语法点。要想掌握好定语从句就一定要弄清楚定语从句和非限制性定语从句的区别，定语从句的关系代词和关系副词的区别，分隔定语从句，定语从句的插入语，定语从句的主谓一致，定语从句和名词性从句的区别，非限制性定语从句和并列句的区别，定语从句和状语从句的区别，定语从句和强调句的区别。最近几年，题目的设置注重了定语从句与其他从句的混合考查，这是定语从句教学中的难点。

先请同学们看两个谚语：

Nothing is difficult to a man who will try.

世上无难事, 只要肯攀登。

A man who laughs last laughs best.

笑到最后，笑得最好。

通过这两个例句，总结什么叫定语从句。

什么叫定语从句：在句中起定语作用的从句叫定语从句，它所修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。

1. 定语从句的识别

I´ve become good friends with several of the students in my schoolI met in the English speech contest last year。(2010 湖南卷)

A. who

B. where

C. when

D. which

解析：句意，我已经和去年在英语演讲比赛中遇到的我校的几位学生成为了好朋友。考查限制性定语从句。先行词为several of the students,在定语从句中作met的宾语，而且先行词指人因此用who引导，当然也可用whom或省略。答案为A。

She showed the visitors around the museum, the constructionhad taken more than three years.

A. for which

B. with which

C. of which

D. which

解析：句意，“她带领游客参观了博物馆，这座博物馆的建造工程花费了三年多的时间。”考查“介词+关系代词which”结构。先行词为museum，关系代词which在从句中充当后置定语，修饰the constructions,用of which作后置定语。答案为C。

2. 非限制性定语从句的识别

A．what B. that C. how D. as

解析：引导非限制性定语从句时，as 和which 的共同特点是：

as, which都可以指代整个主句的内容。不同点是：as 引导的从句只能位于主句后，主从句常有一定的因果关系，前后顺序，常译为：“正如…” 。as在这个从句中作remember的宾语。

3. 关系代词的基本用法

2）which, that 。它们所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等，例如：

A prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside. 农村出现了前所未有的繁荣。（which / that在句中作主语）

The package (which / that) you are carrying is about to come unwrapped. 你拿的包快散了。(which / that在句中作宾语）

3) Whose 用来指人或物，(只用作定语, 若指物，它还可以同of which互换）, 例如：

They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down. 那人车坏了，大家都跑过去帮忙。

Please pass me the book whose (of which) cover is green. 请递给我那本绿皮的书。

4）when, where, why 。关系副词when, where, why的含义相当于

“介词+ which”结构，因此常常和“介词+ which”结构交替使用，在从句中作状语。例如：

There are occasions when (on which) one must yield. 任何人都有不得不屈服的时候。

Beijing is the place where (in which) I was born. 北京是我的出生地。

Is this the reason why (for which) he refused our offer? 这就是他拒绝我们帮助他的理由吗？

练习：

1> is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language. (NMET 1995)

A. There

B. This

C. That

D. It

2>A computer can only do you have instructed it to do．（NMET2001）

A．how B．after C．what D．when

3.>He asked for a violin．（MET1992）

A. did I pay how much

B. I paid how much

C. how much did I pay

D. how much I paid

4>What the doctors really doubt is my mother will recover from the serious disease soon．（上海2001年春季招生）

A. when

B. how

C. whether

D. why

5>It is generally considered unwise to give a child he or she wants. (NMET1997)

A. however

B. whatever

C. whichever

D. whenever

6>leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights. (MET1988)

A. Anyone

B. The person

C. Whoever

D. Who

7>Sarah hopes to become a friend of shares her interests. (Shanghai1995)

A. anyone

B. whomever

C. whoever

D. no matter who

8>—I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week.

—Is that you had a few days off ? ( NMET1999)

A. why

B. what

C. when

D. where

9>I still remember this used to be a quiet village. ( NMET1993)