专题九定语从句与名词性从句
定语从句和名词性从句
定语从句1定语从句：定语从句是由关系代词或关系副词引导的从句，其作用是作定语修饰主句的某个名词性成分，相当于形容词，所以又称为形容词性从句，一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词后面。
2.关系词：引导定语从句的关联词称为关系词，关系词有关系代词和关系副词。
关系代词有that, which, who, whom, whose, as等；关系副词有where, when, why等。
关系词常有三个作用：1，引导定语从句。
2，代替先行词。
3，在定语从句中担当一个成分。
关系代词有主语.宾语之分。
一般whom作为宾语。
3.定语：定语用来限定、修饰名词或代词的，是对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语或句子，汉语中常用………的‟表示。
主要由形容词担任。
此外，名词，代词，数词，分词，副词，不定式以及介词短语也可以来担任，也可以由一个句子来担任．单词作定语时通常放在它所修饰的词之前，作前置定语。
短语和从句作定语时则放在所修饰的词之后，作后置定语。
由as, which 引导的非限定性定语从句，as和which可代整个主句，相当于and this或and that。
As一般放在句首，which在句中。
As we know, smoking is harmful to one's health.The sun heats the earth, which is very important to us.典型例题1）Alice received an invitation from her boss, ___came as a surprise.A. itB. thatC. whichD. he答案C. 此为非限定性从句，不能用that修饰，而用which.，it 和he 都使后句成为句子，两个独立的句子不能单以逗号连接。
况且选he句意不通。
2）The weather turned out to be very good, ___ was more than we could expect.A. whatB. whichC. thatD. it答案B。
专题九-定语从句和名词性从句
专题九 名词性从句和定语从句名词从句名词从句有四类：宾语从句、主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句。
例如：宾语从句：I don ’t know where he will go.主语从句：Where he will go is unknown.表语从句：The problem is how we can get so much money.同位语从句：We all feel sorry about the news that he failed in the game.下面几点是学习名词从句要加以注意的：1． w hether 和if 都可以引导宾语从句表达“是否”意，（即引导宾语从句时if 和whether 可以互换）但以下几种名词从句要用whether （不用if ）引导：（1） 引导主语从句，且在句首时。
例：Whether he has won the tennis is not known.(但It is not known whether/if he has won the tennis).（2） 引导表语从句时。
例The problem is whether he can get a job.（3） 引导同位语从句时。
例：I have no idea whether he will come.（4） 介词后的whether 从句。
例：I worry about whether I hurt her feelings.2． 位于句首引导主语从句的that 不可忘。
例如：That he got the first place in the competition surprised all of us.3． 在“It is suggested/proposed/ordered/a pity/no wonder/necessary/strange/…＋ that 从句”结构中，that 从句谓语有时用（should ）do 这样的虚拟语气形式。
名词性从句和定语从句
名词性从句和定语从句名词性从句和定语从句导语：名词性从句和定语从句的区别有哪些?以下是店铺精心为大家整理的有关名词性从句和定语从句，希望对大家有所帮助，欢迎阅读。
名词性从句一、名词性从句的基本概念在复合句中起名词作用的从句叫名词性从句，包括作主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位语从句。
(1)主语从句就是在复合句中作主语的从句。
主语从句常用that, whether, who, whom, whose, what, which, when, where, how, why, whatever, whoever等引导。
如：Whether he will be able to come remains a question. 他是否来还是问题。
That China is a great socialist country is well known. 众所周知，中国是一个伟大的社会主义国家。
注：为避免头重脚轻，使句子平衡，常用it作形式主语，而将主语从句后置。
如上述第二例常说成：It is well known that China is a great socialist country.但是，由连接代词what, whatever, whoever等引导的主语从句一般不能用形式主语。
如：What he found surprised me greatly. 他的发现使我非常吃惊。
Whoever is finished may rest. 凡是做完工的人都可以休息。
(2)表语从句就是在连系动词之后作表语的从句。
引导表语从句的连接除与引导主语从句的连接词外，还有as if， as though。
如：The question is whether he is able to do it alone. 问题是他能否单独做这件事。
It looks as if (though) it is going to snow. 天好像要下雪似的。
2012届英语胜券在握二轮复习知能达标测评：专题九 定语从句和名词性从句
知能达标测评(九)1．Pointing to the house on ________ roof grew lots of bush，the old man told me that was ________ I would stay.A．its；whatB．whose；whatC．whose；whereD．its；where答案C句意：那位老人指着屋顶上长满灌木的房子对我说，那就是我要住的地方。
本题第一空考查定语从句用法。
先行词为the house，代入定语从句后：lots of bush grew on the roof of the house，由此可知先行词在定语从句中作roof的定语，故用关系代词whose；第二空考查表语从句用法，表语从句中缺地点状语，故用where引导。
2. Stephen Hawking believes that earth is unlikely to be the only planet ________ life has developed gradually.A．that B．where C．which D．whose答案B句意：斯蒂芬·霍金认为，地球可能不是唯一有生命进化的行星。
where在此引导定语从句，在从句中作状语，相当于on the planet。
3．The settlement is home to nearly 1,000 people，many of ________ left their village homes for a better life in the city.A．whom B．which C．them D．those答案A句意：近千人在这一社区居住，他们当中很多都是从农村老家来城市寻求更好的生活的。
先行词为1,000 people，关系代词在从句中作介词of的宾语且指人，故用whom。
4．I refuse to accept the blame for something ________was someone else's fault.A．who B．that C．as D．what答案B句意：我拒绝接受因为别人的错误而遭受责备。
高考英语：定语从句与名词性从句的区别
定语从句与名词性从句的区别一、定语从句和名词性从句作用的区别定语从句是形容词性的从句，相当于形容词的用法，它的功能是修饰先行词，是对其性质、特征进行描述。
先行词在定语从句中一般充当主语、宾语、表语、定语或状语，并用关系词代替。
名词性从句的功能相当于名词词组，一般说明一件事。
名词性从句一般在句子中充当主语、表语、宾语或同位语。
It’s good to know _____ the dogs will be well cared for while we’re away.A. whatB. whoseC. whichD. that解析：答案为D。
动词know之后为宾语从句，从句中不缺少成分，用that表示陈述一个事实。
When I arrived，Bryan took me to see the house ____ I would be staying.A. whatB. whenC. whereD. which解析：答案为C。
空格后是定语从句。
定语从句中stay为不及物动词，不缺主干成分，用关系副词；先行词为house，指地点，用关系副词where。
二、定语从句和名词性从句引导词的区别1.不能用于定语从句中的引导词有what，whether，if，wh-ever，how，because，as if，as though等，不能用于名词性从句中的引导词有as等。
2.既可引导定语从句，也可引导名词性从句的引导词有that，who，whom，whose，which，when，why，where等，但引导两种从句时的意义不同。
定语从句的引导词用来代替前面的先行词，在从句中充当某一成分，常被译为“……的”或不译。
在引导名词性从句时，这些引导词常含有疑问之意。
注意：that引导名词性从句时的从句句意完整。
Mo Yan was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature in 2012，_____ made one ofthe Chinese people’s long-held dreams come true.A. itB. thatC. whatD. which解析：答案为D。
语法辨析名词性从句与定语从句的辨析
语法辨析名词性从句与定语从句的辨析名词性从句与定语从句是语法中常见的两种从句结构，它们在使用和功能上有一些差异。
本文将对名词性从句与定语从句进行辨析，并总结它们的特点和用法。
一、名词性从句名词性从句是在句子中担任名词成分的从句，常常用来充当主语、宾语、表语和同位语。
名词性从句中的谓语动词形式可以是不定式、动名词、现在分词或过去分词。
名词性从句的引导词常见有：that、whether/if、who、whom、which、what、when、where、why等。
1. 主语从句主语从句作为句子的主语，常由关联词that、whether/if引导。
例如：- What she said is true. (她说的是真的。
)- Whether he will come is uncertain. (他是否会来还不确定。
)- If it rains tomorrow, we will stay at home. (如果明天下雨，我们会呆在家里。
)2. 宾语从句宾语从句作为句子的宾语，常由关联词that、whether/if引导。
例如：- He said that he would come. (他说他会来。
)- Do you know if she can swim? (你知道她会游泳吗？)- I don't know what to do. (我不知道该做什么。
)3. 表语从句表语从句作为句子的表语，常由关联词that、whether/if引导。
例如：- The problem is whether we should take action. (问题是我们是否应该采取行动。
)- The fact is that he is right. (事实是他是对的。
)4. 同位语从句同位语从句用来解释或说明名词的内容，位于名词之后，并用逗号与主句隔开。
例如：- The news that he won the championship surprised everyone. (他赢得冠军的消息让每个人都感到惊讶。
定语从句与名词性从句详解异同_PPT课件
who
whom
which
that
as
whose
主 \宾 \表Leabharlann 宾主 \宾 \表主 \宾 \表
主 \宾 \表
定
图②：关系副词 时间词
在定语从句中仅作状语 地点词 原因词
when
名词性从句
名词性从句
D
B
A
名词性从句
名词性从句
D
C
A
名词性从句
同位语从句 定语从句
名词性从句
C
C
名词性从句
名词性从句
D B
C
名词性从句
practice
A
C
practice
D
B
注意: as 常用于以下结构:
高 考 衔 接
D
D
① reason 为先行词时, 如果定语从句中缺少状语,则用 why 引导, 如果缺少主 语\宾语\表语,则用that\which 引导。 ② the way 为先行词时，如果定语从句中缺少状语，则用that\in which 引导, 也可以省略, 如果 缺少主语\宾语\表语,则用that\which 引导。 ③ situation\ case\ point\ spot\ scene 为先行词时, 如果定语从句中缺少状语, 则用 where 引导。 ④ occasion 为先行词时，如果定语从句中缺少状语，则用 when 引导。
where
why
时间状语
地点状语
原因状语
注意： ① 一定要在理解的基础上记忆关系代词和关系副词在定语从句中所作的成分。 ② what 不能引导定语从句, 但能引导名词性从句。 ③ that不可引导非限制性定语从句。 ④被动语态的谓语动词不需要宾语。 ⑤关系代词that不能作介词的宾语。
中的名词性从句和定语从句的使用区别
中的名词性从句和定语从句的使用区别名词性从句和定语从句是英语语法中两种常见的从句结构，它们在句子中起到不同的作用，并有着一些基本的区别。
本文将对名词性从句和定语从句的使用进行详细的探讨。
一、名词性从句的基本概念和特点名词性从句是在句子中充当名词的作用，可以作主语、宾语、表语和同位语等。
名词性从句通常由连接词引导，如that、whether、if和连接代词（who, whom, whose, which, what, whoever, whatever, whichever）等。
名词性从句的特点是：1. 充当句子成分：名词性从句本身具备一个完整的句子结构，可以在句子中充当名词的角色，而不是单纯的修饰词。
2. 作为整体使用：名词性从句在句子中作为一个整体存在，其内部成分之间的语序是固定的，不能随意交换顺序。
二、定语从句的基本概念和特点定语从句是修饰名词或代词的从句，在句子中起到限定或说明名词的作用。
常由关系代词（who, whom, whose, which, that）引导，也可以由关系副词（when, where, why）引导。
定语从句的特点是：1. 充当定语：定语从句作为一个修饰成分，用来修饰之前的名词或代词，进一步说明该名词或代词的特征。
2. 形成定语从句的关系词：关系词在定语从句中起着引导作用，连接主句和从句之间的关系。
三、名词性从句和定语从句的区别1. 作用不同：名词性从句作为名词的替代，充当句子中的成分，而定语从句则是用来修饰名词或代词。
2. 引导词不同：名词性从句通常由连接词引导，而定语从句则由关系词引导。
3. 位置不同：名词性从句通常作为一个整体出现在句子中的特定位置，而定语从句一般紧跟在它所修饰的名词或代词后面。
4. 句子结构不同：名词性从句本身具备一个完整的句子结构，而定语从句则必须依附在一个主句中，不能单独存在。
举例说明：名词性从句的例子：1. Could you tell me where the nearest supermarket is?（作宾语）2. What he said is very interesting.（作主语）3. I don't know whether it will rain tomorrow.（作表语）定语从句的例子：1. The book that you lent me is very informative.（修饰名词book）2. The girl who is standing over there is my sister.（修饰名词girl）3. This is the house where I grew up.（修饰名词house）结语：通过对名词性从句和定语从句的定义、特点以及使用区别的分析，我们可以更好地理解和运用这两种从句结构。
名词性从句和定语从句
名词性从句和定语从句导语：名词性从句和定语从句的区别有哪些?以下是店铺精心为大家整理的有关名词性从句和定语从句，希望对大家有所帮助，欢迎阅读。
名词性从句一、名词性从句的基本概念在复合句中起名词作用的从句叫名词性从句，包括作主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位语从句。
(1)主语从句就是在复合句中作主语的从句。
主语从句常用that, whether, who, whom, whose, what, which, when, where, how, why, whatever, whoever等引导。
如：Whether he will be able to come remains a question. 他是否来还是问题。
That China is a great socialist country is well known. 众所周知，中国是一个伟大的社会主义国家。
注：为避免头重脚轻，使句子平衡，常用it作形式主语，而将主语从句后置。
如上述第二例常说成：It is well known that China is a great socialist country.但是，由连接代词what, whatever, whoever等引导的主语从句一般不能用形式主语。
如：What he found surprised me greatly. 他的发现使我非常吃惊。
Whoever is finished may rest. 凡是做完工的人都可以休息。
(2)表语从句就是在连系动词之后作表语的从句。
引导表语从句的连接除与引导主语从句的连接词外，还有as if， as though。
如：The question is whether he is able to do it alone. 问题是他能否单独做这件事。
It looks as if (though) it is going to snow. 天好像要下雪似的。
定语从句和名词性从句
定语从句和名词性从句定语从句总结概念：定语从句（Attributive Clauses）：定语从句在复合句中做定语，修饰一个名词或代词，被修饰的名词或代词即先行词。
定语从句通常出现在先行词之后，由关系词（关系代词或关系副词）引导。
定语从句又称为形容词性从句。
关系词引导定语从句的关联词称为关系词，关系词有关系代词和关系副词。
关系代词有that, which, who, whom, whose, as等，关系副词有where, when, why等。
关系词常有3个作用：①连接主从句。
②指代先行词，甚至可能是主句中的一部分或者整个主句。
③在定语从句中充当句子成分。
考点：关系词的选择（先行词不完整的情况要补充完整）解题步骤：①找出先行词。
②找出定语从句。
③判断定语从句中缺少什么成分。
④把先行词带入定语从句中，构成一个完整的句子。
题型示例：1.The man [who lives next to us] sells vegetables.（主）解析：①先行词是 the man.②定语从句是[ ]里面的.③定语从句中缺少主语，而先行词指人，所以关系词可以用who 或that.④ The man lives next to us.是一个完整的句子。
2. October 1, 2008 is the day [that I will never forget].解析：①先行词是 the day.②定语从句是[ ]里面的.③定语从句中缺少宾语，而先行词指物，所以关系词可以用which或that.还可以省略。
④ I will never forget the day.是一个完整的句子。
关系代词用法小结：That：指人又指物，做主语也可以做宾语。
做宾语时可以省略。
但不能引导非限制性定语从句。
（注：只能用that不能用which的情况详见英语必修一练习册第四单元，在此不作详述）。
Which：只能指物（除了人都是物，比如时间，地点，原因…），可以做主语也可以做宾语。
专题九 定语从句与名词性从句
专题四定语从句和名词性从句考点一定语从句一．限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别限制性定语从句对先行词起限定修饰作用；非限制性定语从句对先行词起补充说明作用。
在非限制性定语从句中，先行词与定语从句往往由都好隔开。
非限制性定语从句相当于并列句、状语从句等。
如：He has two sons, who work in the same company. 他有两个儿子，他们在同一家公司上班。
（他只有两个儿子）He has two sons who work in the same company. 他有两个儿子，在同一家公司上班。
（他可能不止一个儿子）二．关系代词的用法1.先行词指人，先行词在定语从句中做主语，需用who/ that引导，且不能省略。
She is the girl who/ that lives next door.2.先行词指人且在定语从句中做宾语，用whom/ who/ that引导，且可以省略。
That’s the girl (who/ whom/ that) I teach.3..先行词指物，先行词在定语从句中做主语，需要用which/ that引导，且不可以省略The work which/ that has just been finished is very important.4.先行词指物，且在定语从句中做宾语，用which/ that引导，且可以省略。
That is the book (which/ that) I want to read.5.先行词指人或物且在定语从句中做定语，用whose/ of which/ of whom引导。
This is the scientist whose achievements are well known.This is the scientist, the achievements of whom are well known.This is the scientist , of whom the achievements are well known.这就是那位成绩卓越的科学家。
定语从句和名词性从句的区别和比较
定语从句和名词性从句考点一关系代词引导的定语从句1．whose是一个表示所属关系的词;在定语从句中作定语;of which可以代替whose 指物;词序一般是名词＋of which或of which＋名词..of whom 可以代替whose指人;词序是名词＋of whom..Many children;whose parents are away working in big cities;are taken good care of in the village.父母亲在大城市里打工的许多孩子在村庄里被照顾的非常好..The old temple whose roof was damaged in a storm is now under repair.那座在暴风雨中屋顶受损的古庙现在正在维修中..2．which;that所代替的先行词是表示事物的名词或代词;在从句中可作主语、宾语等..先行词既有人又有物时;关系代词用that；which代指前面整个句子内容..They talked for about an hour of things and people that they remembered in the school.关于他们记得的上学时的人和事;他们讨论了一小时..The Internet is a huge computer system which/that allows millions of people around the world to share information.因特网是一个庞大的计算机系统;它使得世界上成千上万的人们共享信息成为可能.. 3．who;whom;that这些词代替的先行词是表示人的名词或代词;在从句中可作主语、宾语等..The settlement is home to nearly 1;000 people;many of whom left their village homes for a better life in the city.近千人在这一社区居住;他们当中很多都是从农村老家来城市寻求更好的日子的..考点二介词提前了的定语从句1．与定语从句中的动词构成搭配..In the dark street;there wasn't a single person to whom she could turn for help.在漆黑的大街上没有一个人能为她提供帮助..2．与定语从句所修饰的先行词构成搭配..Patience;without which you can't do the work well;is a kind of quality.耐心是一种品质..没有了耐心;你不能做好工作..3．of＋which/whom表示所属关系..表所属关系也可用whoseRecently I bought an ancient vase;the price of which＝whose pricewas very reasonable.最近我买了个古老的花瓶;它的价钱很合理..考点三关系副词引导的定语从句1．关系副词在定语从句中作状语;when指时间;where指地点;why指原因;在定语从句中分别作时间状语、地点状语和原因状语..Occasions are quite rare when I have time to spend a day with my kids.我有时间和孩子们一起度过一天的机会很少..After graduation I'd like to find a job where I can use what I have learnt at school.毕业后我要找到一份能利用在学校所学知识的一份工作..2．先行词是时间名词或地点名词时;如果在从句中不作状语;则不能用when或where 引导定语从句;而要用which/that..Is this the reasonthat /whichhe gave us for the delay of the project这是他给出工程推迟的原因吗考点四先行词为point; situation; case等的定语从句point;situation;case;activity等;从表面上看它们不是表地点的;但却表示类似地点的意义;因此它们作先行词时;如果引导词在从句中作状语;那么这个引导词要用where；如果不作状语;则用关系代词that/which..It's helpful to put children in a situation where they can see themselves different.where作状语把孩子放在一个能使他们从另外一个角度认识自己的环境中对他们有益..I have reached a point in my life where I am supposed to make decisions of my own.where作状语我已经到了应该自己作决定的那个人生阶段..Now there is just one point that/which I wish you make quite clear.which/that 作宾语现在只有一点我希望你弄清楚..考点五主语从句主语从句在主句中作主语;位于主句谓语动词之前;但多数情况下由it作形式主语;而把真正的主语放在句子的后面;其句型结构为：It＋be＋n./adj.＋that/whether/why/when＋从句..It never occurred to me that you could succeed in persuading him to change his mind.我真的没有想到你能说服他改变主意..It is uncertain what side effect the medicine will bring about;although about two thousand patients have taken it.尽管已经有两千名病人服用了这种药品;但是;这种药品会带来什么副作用还不明确.. Whether there are living creatures in the outer space as those on Earth hasn't been proved up to now.外太空是否存在像地球上一样的生物迄今尚未确定考点六同位语从句1．同位语从句常放在fact;news;idea;truth;hope;problem;information;belief;thought;doubt 等名词的后面;是对前面的名词作进一步的解释;说明前面名词的具体含义..There seems to be no possibility that Li Hua can win the first prize in the 100meter race.看起来似乎李华在一百米比赛中没有可能获得一等奖..There is a popular belief among the Europeans that chicken soup can help cure flu.欧洲人普遍相信鸡汤可以帮助治愈流感..The question has been raised at the meeting whether each member country should equally share the expense of the committee.每一个成员国是否均等分担委员会的费用在会议上提出..I have no idea when he will come back.我不知道他将何时回来..2．同位语从句与定语从句的区别：同位语从句是对前面名词的内容作进一步的解释、说明;引导词只起引导作用;不在句中作任何成分;一般不可省略..定语从句是对前面名词进行修饰、限制;引导词在句中作一定的句子成分..The news that they had won the game soon spread over the whole school.他们赢得比赛的消息很快就传遍了整个学校..此句为同位语从句;进一步解释“the news”的内容The news you told me yesterday was really disappointing.你昨天告诉我的消息真的很令人失望..此句是定语从句;它指的是“你昨天告诉我的那个消息”考点七表语从句表语从句在句中作表语;位于主句的系动词之后..引导表语从句的连词有that;whether;as if；疑问代词有who;what;which；疑问副词where;why;when;how 等..The problem is that we don't have much time left.问题是我们剩下的时间很少.. My question is who is responsible for all this.我的问题是谁对这事负责..考点八“疑问词＋ever”与“no matter＋疑问词”的区别“疑问词＋ever”与“no matter＋疑问词”虽然都有“无论……”的意思;但是用法有区别：“疑问词＋ever”既可以引导名词性从句也可引导状语从句;而“no matter ＋疑问词只能用来引导状语从句..The poor young man is ready to accept whatever help he can get.这位可怜的年青人无论什么样的帮助都乐意接受..The how to book can be of help to whoever wants to do the job.指南类的书对想从事这项工作的人会有帮助..Whatever/No matter what you say ;I will not believe you.无论你说什么;我都不会相信你..语法训练1．2011年高考重庆卷 It is still under discussion________ the old bus station should be replaced with a modern hotel or not.A．whether B．whenC．which D．where解析：本题考查名词性从句..句意：那个旧公交车站是否应该被一家现代化宾馆所取代仍在讨论中..“It”作形式主语;“________the old bus station should be replaced with a modern hotel or not”作真正的主语..根据句意及题干中的“or not”可知答案为whether;“whether...or not”在名词性从句中意为：是否..答案：A2．2011年高考湖南卷Before a problem can be solved; it must be obvious________the problem itself is.A．what B．thatC．which D．why解析：本题考查名词性从句..句意：在一个问题得到解决之前;必须要清楚问题本身是什么..根据句子结构可知it作形式主语;后面的“________ the problem itself is ”作真正的主语;该从句缺少表语;故用what引导..答案：A3．2011年高考四川卷The school shop;________customers are mainly students;is closed for the holidays.A．which B．whoseC．when D．where解析：句意：这家校内商店放假时关门;它的顾客主要是学生..考查定语从句..本句没有并列连词也没有从属连词;故可判断逗号后面是非限制性定语从句；本句先行词是the school shop;还原到从句后为：The school shop's customers are mainly students.因此选B;用whose引导定语从句;关系代词whose在从句中作定语..答案：B4．2011年高考山东卷The old town has narrow streets and small houses________are built close to each other.A．they B．whereC．what D．that解析：句意：这个古老的小镇拥有建造得彼此靠得很近的狭窄街道和小房子..本题考查定语从句..先行词是narrow streets and small houses;还原到从句中作主语;所以用关系代词that..A和C不能引导定语从句；B是关系副词;不能作主语..答案：D5．2011年高考湖南卷Julie was good at German; French and Russian;all of________she spoke fluently.A．who B．whomC．which D．that解析：句意：Julie擅长德语、法语和俄语;所有的三门语言她都说得很流利..先行词为German;French;Rus sian;代入定语从句后为：She spoke all of the three languages fluently.由此可见;先行词在定语从句中作of的宾语;先行词指“物”;且介词提前;故用which..答案：C6．2012年武汉联考Faced with trouble or difficulty;a person takes________ help that is available.A．whatever B．wheneverC．wherever D．however解析：句意：面对困难或挫折;一个人会接受任何可能得到的帮助..whatever在此修饰help;意为“无论什么”;而其他三个选项;不作形容词;不能修饰名词;故排除..答案：A7. 2011年银川调研She is very dear to us. We have been prepared to do________ it takes to save her life.A．whichever B．howeverC．whatever D．whoever解析：句意：她对我们弥足珍贵..我们已经准备好尽一切努力挽救她的生命..这里的whatever既作take的宾语;也引导do后的宾语从句..答案：C8．2011年郑州调研Being angry is OK; but knowing how to tell someone________made you angry is important.A．that B．whichC．why D．what解析：考查名词性从句..句意：生气没什么;但是知道如何告诉别人什么导致你生气是很重要的..tell someone之后是宾语从句;且从句缺少主语;因此空处填what..答案：D9．Mother bought many tomatoes from the market two days ago; ________some have gone bad due to the bad weather.A．of those B．from whichC．of which D．in which解析：考查定语从句..此处表示“其中的一些西红柿”;故用“介词＋关系代词”引导非限制性定语从句..答案：C10．Everyone will go through life's stages of ups and downs;________self respect plays a key role in the maturity of a person.A．when B．whichC. asD. that解析：考查定语从句..句意：每个人都将经历人生的浮沉阶段;其间;自尊在一个人的成熟过程中起着关键作用..根据句意可知;后半句是定语从句;when在从句中作状语..答案：A11．2012年扬州测试________you didn't know the rules won't be an excuse for your failure to report.A．That B．WhereC．What D．Why解析：考查主语从句..句意：不要把你不知道规则作为你报道失败的借口..that 引导陈述句作主语;that不能省略..答案：A12．2012年南京模拟In recent years; there has been a heated argument about________it is necessary for children to learn English from an early age.A．whether B．ifC．what D．that解析：考查宾语从句..空白处在介词about之后;表示“是否”之意;且在介词之后引导宾语从句;只能用whether;介词后通常不用if引导宾语从句..答案：A 13．The whole family were worried about Jane because no one was aware________she had gone.A．that where B．of the place whichC．of what D．of where解析：句意：全家人都为詹妮担心;因为没人知道她去哪里了..be aware of知道;为固定搭配；where引导的从句作介词of的宾语..答案：D14．As a teacher;I seldom give my students so difficult a problem________they cannot work out.A．that B． ifC．in order that D．as解析：句意：作为老师;我很少给我的学生难以解决的问题..先行词为so difficult a problem;代入定语从句后为：They cannot work out so difficult a problem.由此可见先行词在定语从句中作宾语..“so或such＋名词”作先行词、且先行词在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语时;需用as引导定语从句..本题易误选为A项;用that引导状语从句;但状语从句应是完整的;所以;如选A项;题干应该为：As a teacher;I seldom give my students so difficult a problem that they cannot work it out.作为老师;我很少给我的学生如此难的问题以至他们不能解决..答案：D15．－How are you getting along with your project－I was about to give up when an idea occurred to me________I could work with my roommate Tim.A．that B．howC．why D．whether解析：考查名词性从句..从句I could work with my roommate Tim句意完整;不缺少成分;因此使用that引导同位语从句解释说明idea的内容..答案：A。
【优化方案】2021届高考英语第二轮专题复习专题九定语从句和名词性从句提分训练
【优化方案】2021届高考英语第二轮专题复习专题九定语从句和名词性从句提分训练1．(2020·高考新课标全国卷Ⅰ)“You can’t judge a book by its cover，”________．A．as the saying goes old B．goes as the old sayingC．as the old saying goes D．goes as old the saying解析：选C。
句意：俗语说，“你不能以貌取人”。
as the old saying goes是一个固定的用法，表示“俗语说”。
其他的各个选项差不多上错误表达形式，故都可排除。
2．(2020·高考新课标全国卷Ⅱ)When I arrived，Bryan took me to see the house________I would be staying.A．what B．whenC．where D．whic h解析：选C。
题干的意思是：“我到达后，布赖恩带我去看了我要住的房子。
”分析题干可知后句为限制性定语从句，关系词代替先行词house在定语从句中作地点状语，因此应选择关系副词where。
解答该类题目的关键在于分析关系词代替先行词在定语从句中所作的句子成分。
3．(2020·高考北京卷)Many countries are now setting up national parks________animals and plants can be protected.A．when B．whichC．whose D．where解析：选D。
题干的意思是：眼下，许多国家正在建立一些国家公园，动物和植物在那儿能够得到爱护。
分析结构可知，此处是考查定语从句的引导词，先行词为national parks，定语从句中缺少地点状语，要用where来引导，相当于in which。
关系副词when在定语从句中作时刻状语；which在定语从句中作主语、宾语；whose只作定语，三者均不符合语境，故正确答案为D项。
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
专题四定语从句和名词性从句考点一定语从句一．限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别限制性定语从句对先行词起限定修饰作用；非限制性定语从句对先行词起补充说明作用。
在非限制性定语从句中，先行词与定语从句往往由都好隔开。
非限制性定语从句相当于并列句、状语从句等。
如：He has two sons, who work in the same company. 他有两个儿子，他们在同一家公司上班。
（他只有两个儿子）He has two sons who work in the same company. 他有两个儿子，在同一家公司上班。
（他可能不止一个儿子）二．关系代词的用法1.先行词指人，先行词在定语从句中做主语，需用who/ that引导，且不能省略。
She is the girl who/ that lives next door.2.先行词指人且在定语从句中做宾语，用whom/ who/ that引导，且可以省略。
That’s the girl (who/ whom/ that) I teach.3..先行词指物，先行词在定语从句中做主语，需要用which/ that引导，且不可以省略The work which/ that has just been finished is very important.4.先行词指物，且在定语从句中做宾语，用which/ that引导，且可以省略。
That is the book (which/ that) I want to read.5.先行词指人或物且在定语从句中做定语，用whose/ of which/ of whom引导。
This is the scientist whose achievements are well known.This is the scientist, the achievements of whom are well known.This is the scientist , of whom the achievements are well known.这就是那位成绩卓越的科学家。
6.as引导限制性定语从句常用于下列句式1）such+名词+as…像……一样；像……之类的2）such (pron.)+ as…像……一样；像……之类的3) the same+名词+as…和……一样的We have found such materials as are used in their factory.我们已经找到了像他们工厂里用的那种材料。
（做主语）This book is not such as I expect.这不是我想要的书。
（做宾语）I have the same book as he has.我和他有同样的书。
（做宾语）（二）非限制性定语从句中关系代词的用法用法见下表：1.关系代词在任何情况下都不能省略。
2.who（主语、宾语），whom（宾语），which（主语、宾语）不能用that代替。
This is New York, which I have visited for several times. (which不能用that代替)这就是纽约，我来了好多次了。
3.which引导非限制性定语从句时，先行词可以是一个词，也可以是个句子。
He was late again, which made the teacher very unhappy.他又迟到了，这使得老师很不高兴。
4.关系代词as也可以引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为句子，as在从句中做主语、宾语。
As we know, China is a developing country.我们知道，中国是个发展中国家。
(as在定语从句中做宾语)As is known to us all, China is in the east of Asia.众所周知，中国在亚洲的东部。
(as在定语从句中做主语)（三）关系代词除上面的基本用法外，还有下列特殊用法1.有时为了使表达的意思更清楚，用“which+名词”引导定语从句He advised me to hide behind the door, which advice I took at once.他建议我躲在门后，我立即照做了。
2.“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句（1）当介词放在关系代词的前面时，关系代词常用which或whom,并且不能省略。
He paid the boy $10 for washing ten windows, most of which hadn’t been cleaned for at least a year.他付给男孩十美元擦洗十扇窗户，这是扇窗户中大部分至少一年没擦了。
In the dark street, there wasn’t a single person, to whom she could turn for help.在漆黑的街道上,她没有一个可以求助的人。
（2）在限制性定语从句中，当介词位于定语从句的句尾时，可用that/ which（指物），that/ who/ whom（指人）做介词的宾语，而且做介词宾语的关系代词可以省略。
This is the hero that/ who/ whom/ 省略we are proud of.这是我们引以为荣的那个英雄。
This is the pen that/ which/ 省略I wrote the letter with.这是我写信时用的那支钢笔。
（3）在非限制性定语从句中，“介词+which/ whom从句”结构中的介词不能移到从句的后面。
He has visited Gu’ an No. 1 High School for several times, in which he has many friends. (in不能放在定语从句句末)他已经去过固安一中几次了，在那里他有很多朋友。
（4）“复合介词短语+关系代词which”引导的定语从句常与先行词用逗号分开，定语从句常用倒装语序。
He lived in a big house, in front of which stood a big tall tree.他住在一所大房子里，房子前面有一棵又大又高的树。
（5）“介词+which/ whom+不定式”结构The poor man has no house in which to live.= The poor man has no house (that/ which) he can live in.= The poor man has no house in which he can live.= The poor man has no house to live in.（四）机组关系代词的辨析1.关系代词that和which（1）限制性定语从句中，用that不用which的情况：1）当先行词是不定代词all, little, few, much everything, anything, nothing, none, some等时，如Do you have anything that you want to say for yourself? 你有什么要为自己说的吗？2）当先行词前面有the only, the very（恰恰，正好）, any, every, some, no, all, few, little, much, the right, the last, just等词修饰时，如：This is the very bus that I’m waiting for.这就是我正在等的公交车。
The only thing that we can do is (to) give you some money.我们能做的唯一的事情就是给你一些钱。
3）当先行词是形容词最高级或先行词的前面有形容词最高级修饰时，如：This is the best that has been used against pollution.这是已经用过的最好的抗污染的办法。
This is the most interesting film that I’ve ever seen.这是我曾经看过的最有趣的电影。
4）当先行词是序数词或它前面有序数词修饰时，如：This train is the last that will go to Suzhou.这是去苏州的最后一趟火车了。
What is the first American film that you have seen?你看过的第一部美国电影是什么？5）当先行词既有人又有物时，如Do you know the thighs and the persons that they are talking about?你知道他们正在谈论的人和事吗？6）当主句的主语是疑问词who或which时，如：Which is the bike that you lost? 哪辆是你丢失的自行车？Who is the boy that won the gold medal? 赢得金牌的那个男孩是谁？7）有两个定语从句时，其中一个关系代词宜用which,另外一个宜用that,如They secretly built up a small factory, which produced things that could cause pollution.他们偷偷地建了一家小工厂，这座工厂生产可能造成污染的东西。
8）当先行词在主句中作表语，而关系代词在从句中也做表语时，如：Shanghai is no longer the city that is used to be.上海不再是过去的那座城市了。
9）主句是there be句型且关系代词在从句中做主语时，用that不用whichThere is a seat in the corner that is still available.在那个角落还有一个作为可用。
（2）当先行词指事/物时，定语从句中关系代词用which不用that的情况1)在非限制性定语从句中只用which不用thatHelen was much kinder to her youngest son than to the others, which, of course, made the others envy him.海伦对最小的儿子比对其他的儿子好得多，这一点当然让其他孩子很嫉妒。
2）当动词短语中的介词提前时，只用which不用that,This is a house in which Lu Xun once lived. 这是鲁迅住过的房子。