研究生英语课后习题答案

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研究生基础英语课后答案整理版

研究生基础英语课后答案Unit1-5 Unit1 II V ocabulary study 词汇学习词汇学习第6页A) 1、They got there in the late afternoon and went around in search of a place to stay. 他们在下午晚些时候到达那里并四处寻找栖身之地。

他们在下午晚些时候到达那里并四处寻找栖身之地。

2、The astronomers were questioned on a wide range of subjects from physics to psychology. 宇航员被问到广泛的问题，从物理学到心理学。

宇航员被问到广泛的问题，从物理学到心理学。

3、As As people people people spend spend spend more more more time time time watching watching watching TV TV TV and and and reading reading reading the the the newspapers, newspapers, newspapers, the the the media media plays a major role in influencing their opinions. 注意复数加s 因为人们花大量的时间看电视、看报纸，媒体在影响他们的观点上发挥了主要作用。

因为人们花大量的时间看电视、看报纸，媒体在影响他们的观点上发挥了主要作用。

4、There was a strange silence about what was happening, but the details of the murder were finally revealed by the local paper. 人们对于关于当时发生的事情表现出奇怪的沉默，但是谋杀的细节最终被当地报纸揭露出来。

研究生英语课程课后答案(专硕)

Unit 1Text AII. Language points1.How successful you’ll be in making transitions among careers can at least be partially attributed to the amount of career planning and preparation you’ve done. <Para. 1> If you are well-prepared in making plans for your future career, the chances are that you might as well succeed in changing your career because how successfully you change your career may in part result from what preparations you’ve done in career planning.2.Think of career planning as building bridges from your current job/career to your next job/career; without the bridge, you may easily stumble or lose your way, but with the bridge there is safety and directions. <Para. 2> You should regard making plans for your career as building bridges which are the transitions from your current job/career to your next job/career and may help you find the right door to the future.3.And while career planning and career decision-making is an important aspect of your life, do not put so much pressure on yourself that it paralyzes you from making any real choices, decisions, or plans. <Para. 5>… don’t put too much pressure on yourself to make real choices, decisions, or plans.4.To help you with your career planning, consider using the following exercises to their fullest potential. <Para. 6> … consider using the following exercises to their fullest degree/ as much as possible.5.Reflect on the times and situations in which you feel most passionate, most energetic, most engaged — and see if you can develop a common profile of these situations. <Para. 9> Consider the times and situations in which you feel most excited, most vigorous, most engrossed— and try to generalize the features these situations have in common.6.Remember those papers you had to write as a kid about what you wanted to be when you grew up? <Para. 13> Do you still remember when you were little you were asked to write about what you would like to be in the future?7.Take the time to revert back to those idyllic times and brainstorm about your current dream job; be sure not to let any negative thoughts cloud your thinking.<Para. 13> Spend some time in returning back to these simple, peaceful and pleasant times and trying to think more about your current ideal job to make sure that no negative thoughts could make your thinking obscure /unclear.8.Look for ideas internally, but also make the effort to explore/research other careers/occupations that interest you. <Para. 13> You should not only look for ideas inside yourself/ at the bottom of your heart, but also explore/research other careers/occupations you are interested in from the outside.9.Pinpoint the qualifications you need to move to the next step in your career or to make the move to a new career path. <Para. 18> Mark clearly the qualifications that are needed in career changing.10.If you’re not sure, search job postings and job ads, conduct informational interviews, research job descriptions.<Para.18> If you’re not sure about the qualifications required in the new career, you should search job pos tings and jobadvertisements for those qualifications, take part in interviewsin which you know something about the job, and study the list of general tasks, or functions, and responsibilities of a position..11.Develop a timeline and action plans for achieving each type, being sure to set specific goals and priories. <Para. 20>Make a timetable and action plans for achieving each type of qualification you need and remember to set concrete goals and decide what should be done first.12.Businesses, careers, and the workplace are rapidly changing, and the skills that you have or plan for today may notbe in demand years from now. <Para. 21> Businesses, careers, and the workplace are rapidly changing, and the skills that you have mastered or you plan to master now may not be required or needed in the future.13.Long-range career planning should be more about identifying and developing core skills that employers will alwaysvalue while developing your personal and career goals in broad strokes.<Para. 21> When planning career for the long.run, you should focus on pinpointing and developing the essential skills in general that will always be valued no matter whom your employers are or how time changes.14.Here’s a collection of the best self-assessment tools, designed to give you a better idea of your attitudes and interestsas they relate to possible career choices. <Para. 25> The best collected self-assessment tools are developed to make you clear about your attitudes and interests related to the careers that you may choose.15.Some tools and resources especially for established job-seekers contemplating a career change.<Para. 26> In thesection of Career Change Resources, there are some tools and resources especially for those established job-hunters who consider changing careers.16.Taking the time to use a career journal is a fantastic way to conduct career planning on a regular basis. <Para. 31> Itis great to spend some time using a career journal to carry out career planning regularly.17.The concept of transferable skills is a vital job-search technique that all job-seekers should master, though theconcept is especially important for career changers and college students.<Para. 33> All job-hunters should master those skills that are needed to make transitions from school to workplace or from your current job to the next jobIII. Key to the exercises1. Reading Comprehension<1>According to the author, career planning is very essential because it functions as bridges built from one’s currentjob/career to his/her next job/career and with the bridges there is safety and direction.<2>The main idea of the passage:The passageoffers some basic guidelines for both short-term and long-term career planning.<3>Short-term career plan and long-term career plan are different. A short-term career plan focuses on a timeframeranging from the coming year to the next few years. It is characterized by developing realistic goals and objectives that can be accomplished in the near future. But long-term career planning usually involves a broader set of guidelines and preparation and focuses on and developing workplace core skills and identifying career trends.<4>In order to hold a positive attitude towards short-term career planning, you should free yourself form all career barriers,such as personal barriers, family pressure and peer pressure. And you shouldn’t put so much pressure on yourself because it may paralyze you from making any real choices, decisions, or plans.<5>Before you develop a picture of yourself and your career, you should analyze your current/future lifestyle,likes/dislikes, passion, definition of success, personality, dream job and current situation.2. VocabularySection A<1> on the move <2> In terms of <3> quintessential <4> perspective<5> priority<6> cloud <7> brainstormed <8> extravert, introvert<9> Reverting <10> timeframeSection B<1> A<2> B<3> C<4> C<5> A<6> D<7> D<8> A<9> C<10> A3. Cloze<1> right<2> not<3> wrong<4> First of all<5> knowledge<6> Only<7> no matter what<8> outperform<9> successful<10> higher<11> who<12> still<13> rather than<14> figure out<15> worst<16> Then<17> However<18> rehearse<19> more<20>instead of4. TranslationA. Chinese to English1> Translate the following sentences into English.<1> Although we failed this time, we should not be sunk in apathy, because as we all know, "failure is the mother ofsuccess.〞And we are all wedded to the belief that this failure will be the beginning of future success.<2>The idyllic Indonesian island is a beautiful combination of spirituality, natural beauty and a taste of the exotic.<3>Adolescence, the transition from childhood to adulthood, is always a critical time for everybody. So parents must pay1 / 432special attention to their children’s growth in this period.<4>Thank you for your really practical advice, but I still need time to reflect on it.<5>You’d better contemplate the related issues before making a final decision, and formulate a feasible action plan thatcan be fulfilled in one year.<6>In this English Speaking Contest, what impresses me most is that contestant 11 is a very fluent speaker of English, butit’s a pity that he fails to confine himself to the subject.<7>Neither difficulty nor failure frustrates his passion in his research. He was content to go as far as he could.<8>Anthropologists, as far as I know, are still unable to pinpoint just where along the line man and the apes branched intotwo distant species.2> Translate the following paragraph into English.We all have goals and aspirations. Sometimes we have difficulty knowing where to start. We want that new body, or want to be healthy and have more energy, but we just do not know what the first step is. In addition, the road to our goals is sometimes a rocky one. It is difficult to transgress and sometimes we just want to give up. We sometimes forget that our current situation did not occur overnight and so changing it will not happen overnight either. It will take time and hard work. Therefore, I suggest that you should set only one goal at a time.When you try to take on too much at once, you can become overwhelmed quickly. Create a list and take one goal at a time. Once you achieve that goal, back to your list to mark it off, and move to the next one. The act of achieving goals individually will give you a greater sense of accomplishment. You can even break the one goal into smaller parts. This gives you motivation and success more often than waiting for days or months to achieve a larger goal.B. English to Chinese1> Translate the following paragraph into Chinese.每位求职者都需要花点时间远离日常繁忙的工作,仔细思量你的事业,为未来制定计划.无论你喜欢现在的工作和老板或是感到受缚于目前工作,职业规划能够帮助你.职业规划被视作建立连接目前工作/职业和未来工作/职业的桥梁,没有这座桥,你会跌跌撞撞或迷失方向；但有了这座桥,就有了安全的保证和明确的方向.2> Read the passage carefully and translate the underlined sentences into Chinese.〔1〕一位权威科学家警告说,机器人在家庭、工作场所和战争中的兴起必须受到伦理规X的监督和控制,以此限定机器人在一些敏感情境中的运用,比如看小孩、照顾老人以与作战等情境.〔2〕谢菲尔德大学的人工智能专家诺埃尔·夏基教授警告说,机器人正被引入潜在的敏感情境中,这可能会导致〔被服务者〕与世隔绝的状态,因为人们在给机器人设定指令后,往往很长时间不再问津.〔3〕第一条规定机器人不得伤害人类；第二条规定机器人必须服从人类的命令,但不得违反第一条定律；第三条规定机器人应尽量保护自己,但不得违反前两条定律.〔4〕但是20世纪末提出的有关具有高度人工智能的机器人将崛起的预言并未实现,不过机器人科学家已赋予了听命于他们的机器以准智能的特征,比如简单的言语识别、情绪表达以与面部识别等能力.〔5〕目前机器人的智力水平连愚蠢都算不上.如果我哪怕认为他们会在智力上高出人类一等,我都不会有这些担忧了. Text BCareer Path: Acting Your AgeKey to the exercisesGuess the meaning of the word<s><1> troublesome<2> strenuous<3> handicap <4> similar in meaning<5> applies <6> commendable <7> saturated <8> intimidating<9> attracting <10> What’s moreTrue or false(1)T<2>F<3>T<4>F<5>F<6>T<7>T<8>F.Unit 2Text AII. Language points1.Even a modest space voyage, Dyson calculated, would set the average family back 1,500 years in wages. <P ara.1>According to Dyson’s calculation, even a modest and common space voyage would cost the average family wages of about 1,500 years.set back: cost <a person> specific amounte.g. My new car set me back $3000.2.The difference reflected the relative difficulty of space travel, but also the limitations of big government programs to do things on the cheap.<Para.1>The cost difference not only has showed space travel is much more difficult than the Mayflower’s voyage in 1620 and the westward journey of the Mormons in 1840s, but also prove d that government needs to reduce its spending on big and expensive programs and turn its attention to the programs that cost less money.3.Nothing has happened in the past 40 years to suggest that NASA has come any closer to the commercial sweet spot of the Colonial settlers. <P ara.2> In the past 40 years, nothing has shown that NASA’s has found its best solution to which it could start and develop its business just like early colonial settlers who found their place, Massachusetts, to settle down and made their living move on based on their settlement.A sweet spot is a place, often numerical as opposed to physical, where a combination of factors suggests a particularly suitable solution. In the context of a racquet, bat or similar sporting instrument, sweet spot is often believed to be the same as the center of percussion. In this context, sweet spot means a financially profitable situation. Colonial settlers found this sweet spot while NASA didn’t come close.4.The commission headed by Lockheed Martin chairman Norm Augustine that has spent much of the past year deliberating on NASA’s human spaceflight program… <Para.2>deliberate on: to consider /discuss or negotiate仔细研究,审议e.g. We had no time to deliberate on the problem.5....even though ending this program would send NASA’s international partners into apoplexy. <P ara.2>…even though ending the ISS program would make NASA’s international partners feel very angry.The apoplexy is an outdated medical term, which can be used to mean "bleeding〞. It can be used non-medically to mean a state of extreme rage or excitement.6.More embarrassing, with NASA’s space shuttle due to be mothballed in 2010, and its cheaper replacement, the Orion capsule, not due to fly until 2012, the partners face a two year gap in which they will have to rely on Russia’s Soyuz ships to commute to the space station.<Para.2> To NASA’s embarrassment, they had to stop using their shuttle in 2010 and its cheaper replacement, the Orion capsule cannot fly until 2012, so there will be a two year gap between 2010 and 2012, in which NASA’s international partners have to depend on Russia’s ship to come and go to the space station.mothball: to decide not to use or develop something, for a period of time, especially a piece of equipment or a plan 封存；搁置不用If someone in authority mothballs a plan, factory, or piece of equipment, they decide to stop developing or using it, perhaps temporarily.7.The shortfall may force NASA to open up its space-exploration program to commercial operators to a degree that’s unprecedented in its history.<Para.3> The shortage or lack of money may force NASA to get commercial operators involved in its space-exploration program to a degree that has never happened before.shortfall:n. 缺口；差额；亏空If there is a shortfall in something, there is less of it than you need.8.The move could create opportunities for the modern equivalents of Young and Bradford—entrepreneurs willing to risk their livelihoods on making the exploration of space affordable by not only designing and building ships for3 / 434NASA, but also by providing shuttle services to deliver NASA astronauts or equipment to their targets. <Para.3>The move—NASA’s opening up its space program to commercial or private sectors— could create opportunities for upcoming modern entrepreneurs like Young and Bradford in the early times. They are willing to take a risk in spending much money, effort and even their lives on space exploration in order to get it started and moved on by not only designing and building ships for NASA, but also by providing shuttle services to deliver NASA astronauts or equipment to meet NASA’s targets. 9.In the past, NASA has been deeply involved in managing design and development work by outside contractors, a messy process that made the shuttle expensive and unsafe, rather than cheap and safe. Now the agency is under pressure to step back and buy services wholesale from private firms.<Para.3>In the past, NASA has spent much effort and time asking outside contractors to design and develop space shuttles, which is a very complicated process making the space shuttle expensive and unsafe rather than cheap and safe. Now due to financial pressure, the agency has stepped back to entrust private firms to do all the business for NASA.10."We’re talking about a movement from where the government has been the prime contractor, managing situationswith a very hands-on role, to a situation where they are just a customer,〞says Larry Williams. <Para.3> We are talking about the movement —NASA has shifted it role from a major contractor who needs to do every detailed and practical work by itself to a customer who buys services wholesale from private firms.11.The next step is to work out similar deals with private firms to send astronauts aloft. <Para.5> The next step is toenable the private firms to send astronauts to outer space just like cargo that can be delivered.aloft:adj./adv.high in the air 在空中高处Something that is aloft is in the air or off the ground.12.To do that, NASA will have to relinquish some of its oversight of crew safety. This isn’t entirely without precedent.<Para.5> In order to let private firms send astronauts into space, NASA will have to give uptheir responsibility of regulating crew safety. This has happened before.relinquish:vt.to stop having something, especially when this happens unwillinglyIf you relinquish something such as power or control, you give it up.oversight: the state of being in charge of somebody/something 负责；照管13.Space X claims it could adapt its cargo-carrying spaceship for ferrying a human crew in less than three years, once itgets the green light. <Para.6> Space X claims it could make some change to its spaceship so that it could send people to outer space in less than three years, once it gets permission.14.If Virgin and other commercial firms can deliver, Earth orbit will be far more accessible than it’s ever been before.Although it would still be a stretch for all but the wealthiest people, costs could come down low enough to jump-start markets for tourism. <Para.8> If commercial firms like Virgin Galactic can deliver man to Earth orbit, then Earth orbit would be much easier to get to than ever before. It would be open to nobody but the wealthiest people since only the rich can afford the high price,but the cost could be reduced so that it would become a rising market for tourism.15.The big sticking point, however, will be safety. Even though NASA holds the safety of its crew paramount, it stillhasn’t been able to escape the occasional disaster, like the loss of the Columbia shuttle and its crew in 2003. <Para.8> The key point is still the consideration of safety of its crew. Even though NASA regards the safety of its crew as the most important thing, it still hasn’t been able to avoid the occasional disaster, such as the loss of the Space shuttle, Columbia andits 7 crew members in 2003.16.…the space shuttle is unreliable, in part, because its all-purpose design is overly complex. NASA needs a biggerrocket capable of sending a crew, with equipment and supplies for a long-duration trip, beyond the tether of Earth’s gravity. <Para.9>… the space shuttle is unreliable partly because its space shuttle is designed for all- around purposes, such as carryingcargo or people, etc. And the process of design is extremely complex. NASA needs a bigger rocket capable of sending a crew, with equipment and supplies for a longer trip, beyond the limitation or influence of Earth’s gravity.overly: too/ extremely17.It might be able to entice commercial firms to undertake their own big rockets if there were some payoff down theroad. <Para.9> Private firms might be attracted to build their own rockets to deliver astronauts to outer space if they could get profits..payoff:n. return; reward; payment18.Many seemingly ridiculous ideas for generating energy and beaming it back to Earth now seem much less so, thanksto the climate crisis. <Para.9> The ideas of generating energy and shining it back to earth, which used to sound very funny, but now seems much possible and necessary due to the consideration of the climate crisis.19.…the challenge of sending people safely into deep space and back for a profit is big enough to give any entrepreneurpause. <Para.10> … the challenge for private services to send people safely into deep space and back for making profits is so big that any entrepreneur would hesitate before they take their steps.give sb./sth. pause:使踌躇,使犹豫This finding should give pause to it. 这个发现令人深思.His recent behavior has given her pause about their relationship.他最近的行为让她对他们的关系产生了犹豫.20.The Industrial Revolution didn’t take off until the railways arrived. <Para.11>Here it means that the private sector will play an important role and do lots of work in deep space only if NASA gets it started.III. Key to the exercises1. Reading comprehension<1> In early times there was an essay comparing space travel to the colonization, but nothing can keep Dyson from makingameticulous effort to quantify and compare the costs of these vastly different ventures.<2>By presenting the relationship between FedEx and the U.S. Postal service, the writer wants to showthat NASA actually canpay private firms, like Space X to design and develop space program.<3>NASA opened up its space exploration program to commercial operators because NASA lacksfunding to keep its humanspaceflight program moving on and operating. So, it is the shortfall that forces NASA to open up its space-exploration program to commercial operators.<4>There are two steps that NASA is going to take after it begins working with smaller companies.The first is to get cargodelivered to space; the next step is to work out similar deals with private firms to send astronauts aloft.<5>Give your own comments.2. VocabularySection A<1> fanciful<2> eminent<3>meticulous<4>aloft<5>mogul<6> shortfall<7> quantify<8> relinquished<9> entrust<10> wholesaleSection B<1> C<2> B<3> C<4> D<5> B<6> C<7> B<8> D<9> C<10> B3. Cloze<1> predicted<2> pass<3> doubt<4> catch<5> running<6> high-lever<7> lag<8> convinced<9>assured<10> reasonably<11>dismissed<12> acute<13> called<14> offer<15> creation<16> feats<17> failed<18>lack<19> blame<20> boss4. TranslationA. Chinese to English1> Translate the following sentences into English.<1>By some estimates, 10 million Americans will be telecommuting in 5 years so that three quarters of a billion gallons ofpetrol could be saved.<2>Rogge also thanked the security forces that kept the Winter Olympic Games safe at the cost of about $310 million, a billthat increased following the Sept. 11 terrorist attacks.<3>Government has given our city a modern international airport capable of meeting our requirements far into the next century.<4>What makes parents worry is that some primary students keep indulging themselves in computer games day and night and5 / 436nothing can entice them from computers.<5>It’s an interesting suggestion for space program, but we need a bit longer time to give pause to it since it is so costly.<6>At present, government particularly needs to work on vocational training in various forms, open up new opportunities ofemployment and strive to assist as many laid-off workers as possible in finding new jobs.<7>A recent survey found 55 percent of those polled considered true love paramount in a relationship, while 45 percent stillbelieved in love at first sight.<8>Graduates are under great pressure before leaving college because of job hunting, poverty, emotional problems, schoolachievements and surroundings, etc.2> Translate the following paragraph into English.After the Soviet space program launched the world’s first human-made satellite <Sputnik 1> on October 4, 1957, the attention of the United States turned toward its own fledgling space efforts. The U.S. Congress, alarmed by the perceived threat to U.S. security and technological leadership <known as the "Sputnik crisis〞>, urged immediate and swift action; President Dwight D. Eisenhower and his advisers counseled more deliberate measures. Several months of debate produced an agreement that a new federal agency was needed to conduct all non-military activity in space. The Advanced Research Projects Agency <ARPA> was also created at this time.B. English to Chinese1> Translate the following paragraph into Chinese.首要任务是把货物送到太空. 美国航空航天局猎户星座航空舱仅是针对航天员设计的,所以把种子基金付给私人太空机构去实现把物品送到太空站.去年美国航空航天局就签订了两个合同, 一个是以16亿美元的价格委托美国宇宙探索技术公司<SpaceX>为美国航空航天局12次发射运载火箭. 另一个是以19亿美元的价格委托美国轨道科技公司〔Orbital Sciences Corp.〕为其完成八次太空飞行任务.为了履行这一合同,美国宇宙探索技术公司<SpaceX> 现正在组建猎鹰9号火箭助推器,以便运送无人驾驶的太空舱与太空站对接.太空员卸下货物后让其返回地球.美国轨道科技公司〔Orbital Sciences Corp.〕组建的类似的金牛座II火箭预计将在20##投入使用.威廉说："从美国航空航天局的角度来看,他们最终关心的不是你怎么收到了,而是想办法把送到.〞2> Read the passage carefully and translate the underlined sentences into Chinese.〔1〕太空项目的提案者早就有过这样的警告,逐渐增加的太空垃圾带最终会导致碰撞,就正如星期二所发生的,在西伯利亚上空500英里处,美国的一颗卫星与现已失效的俄罗斯卫星发生严重的撞击.〔2〕人类有惊人的乱丢垃圾的能力,但普遍存在的共识是：浩瀚的太空不会因为人类的行为而受到巨大的伤害.〔3〕我们的卫星在太空飞行的最高处离地球22000英里,当你知道这是地球到月球距离的1/10时,这一距离就听起来就不是很远的了.〔4〕每次即便是我们把一个小小的卫星送入它运行的轨道,伴随这一运载过程的也不仅仅是卫星.〔5〕一些政府机构的联盟,包括美国航空航天局、北美防空联合司令部,甚至美通讯委员会跟踪记录了星球上空的漂浮的所有垃圾,目前这些不断增加的垃圾让人无比地恐慌.Text BThe New Space Race<1> left / flied away from<2> hesitated<3> prevented or impaired<4> brought back to use/ revived <5> unfriendly/ hostile<6> made free from bacteria<7> space / vacancy <8>vulnerable / weak<9> a kind of metal element <10> filled with/ full ofTrue or false<1> T<2> F<3> F<4> T<5> F<6> T<7> T<8> FUnit 3Text A.II. Language points1. The utilitarian doctrine is, that happiness is desirable, and the only thing desirable, as an end; all other things being only desirable as means to that end.<Para. 1>The utilitarian principle is that happiness is worth obtaining and is the only thing worth obtaining as a purpose; all other things being so only as a way to obtain happiness.2.What ought to be required of this doctrine, what conditions is it requisite that the doctrine should fulfill, to make good its claim to be believed?<Para. 1>What requirements should this principle meet, what are the necessary conditions this principle should accomplish to make its claim good for people to believe?requisite a. required by circumstances or necessary for successe.g. Have you the requisite visa to enter Canada?have/lack the requisite capital to start a business3.In like manner, I apprehend, the sole evidence it is possible to produce that anything is desirable, is that people do actually desire it.<Para. 2>Likewise, I think the only evidence we can possibly offer to prove anything to be desirable is that people do actually desire it.apprehend v. grasp the meaning of <sb./sth.>; understande.g. Do I apprehend you aright, i.e. Do you mean what I think you mean?sole a. one and only; singlee.g. the sole cause of the accidentthe sole survivor of the crash4.If the end which the utilitarian doctrine proposes to itself were not, in theory and in practice, acknowledged to be an end, nothing could ever convince any person that it was so.<Para. 1>If the purpose which the utilitarian doctrine itself intends to fulfillwere not accepted to be a purpose both in theory and in practice, then nothing could ever make anyone believe that it was so.5. No reason can be given why the general happiness is desirable, except that each person, so far as he believes it to be attainable, desires his own happiness.<Para. 2>We can give no reason why the general happiness is desirable except that each person desires his own happiness as long as he believes that it can be achieved.attainable a. that can be attainede.g. These objectives are certainly attainable.6.This, however, being a fact, we have not only all the proof which the case admits of, but all which it is possible to require, that happiness is a good, that each person’s happiness is a good to that person, and the general happiness, therefore, a good to the aggregate of all persons.<Para. 2>However, it is a fact that the general happiness is desirable, and we have not only all the evidence that the case agrees with, but all the evidence that it is likely to need,to prove that happiness is a benefit, that each person’s happiness is a benefit to that person, and the general happiness, therefore, a benefit to all persons as a whole.aggregate n. total amount; mass or amount brought togethere.g. the complete aggregate of unemployment figures7.Now it is palpable that they do desire things which, in common language, are decidedly distinguished from happiness. <Para. 3>Now it is obvious that people do desire things which, in everyday words, are definitely different from happiness. palpable a. clear to the mind; obviouse.g. a palpable lie, errordistinguish v. recognize the difference between <people or things>e.g. People who cannot distinguish between colours are said to be colour-blind.The twins are so alike that no one can distinguish one from the other.8.They desire, for example, virtue, and the absence of vice, no less really than pleasure and the absence of pain.<Para.3>For example, they want to have virtue and avoid vice as much as they want to have pleasure and avoid pain.vice:n. evil or unprincipled conduct; wickednesse.g. Greed is a terrible vice.9.The desire of virtue is not as universal, but it is as authentic a fact, as the desire of happiness. <Para. 3>Although the7 / 43。

研究生英语综合教程(课后习题答案)

Task 1Task 21.public(c)5.strength(d)7. dem on strated(b) 8.discipli ne(c)9.refere nces(c)11.disciplli nin g(d) 12.demo nstrates(a) 13.public(d) 15.pers on ality(c)Task 35.discouraged1. bud (n.); buddi ng (adj.) 3. taste (n .);tasted (v.)5. produces (v.); produce (n.)2. access (n.); access (v.)4. fool (n.); fooli ng (v.)6. garnish (v.); garni shes(n.)Unit One1.employme nt2.paid3.adjust4.setting7.cite 8.dem onstrate9.teamwork 10.rulesUn it Two Task 11.A2.B 6.A 7.B 6.creditTask 2 3.B 4.C 5.B 8.C 9.A 10.C1.A2.C3.B4.C5.D6.D7.D 8.C 9.A 10.D 11.A 12.B2.discipline(b)3.stre ngth(a)4.refere nce(a)6.public(a)10.pers onality(a)14.refere nce(b)8. concern (n.); concerned (v.)10. practiced (v.); practice (n.)Task 3Un it ThreeTask 1Task 2Task 31) swirli ng 2) delivered 3) glowed 4) in tervals 5) conv erge6) wan deri ngs absorbedUnit FourTask 1 7) n avigate 8) jealousy 9) presenee 10)7. reig ns (v.); reig n (n.)9. n amed (v.); n ame (n.)1) in tegration steam ing2) choice 3) han ded 4) aspiri ng 5)6) masterpiecesprese nted7) pleasure 8) partake 9) amaz ing 10)1.A2.B3.C4.B5.A6.B7.C8.A1. stack up against off2. struck a chord3. amoun ted to4. chopp ing5. appeal to6. pick up on7. tur ned out8. fade away9. brought togetherclear of10. pulled off 11. thrust upon 12. be kept1.A2. A3. C4. B5. B6. C7. D8. C9. A 10. CTask 21. mai ntai ned (a)esse ntials (c)2. roma ntic (a)3. esse ntial (a)4.5. dime nsion (c) defies (b)6. i ntimate (a)7. mai ntai ns (c)8.9. i ntimated (d) roma ntic (b) 10. dime nsions (a) 11. defy (a)12.13. dime nsions (b) 14. main tai n (d) 15. i ntimate (c)Task 31) prerequisiteimporta nt2) date 3) Respect 4)5) whomever essential6) can didates 7) highly 8)9) suitable 10) sufficie ntUnit FiveTask 11. B2. D3. C4.13. BB 5.C 6. A 7. B 8.D 9. C 10. A 11.C 12. DTask 21. A. masterpieces B. mastered C. mastery3. A. executi ng B. executio n C. executive4. A. prese ntati on B. represe ntedC. prese ntedD.prese nt5. A. inven torsB. inv estorsC. inno vator6. A. breath B. b reathi ngC. breathtak ingD.breathless7. A. physical B. p hysiological C. psychological8. A. discipli ne B. r out ine C. discipli ne9. A. practiceB. p erformedC. perfectD. proper10. A. reactionB. recon ciliati onC. resista neeD.responseTask 21. conten ted2. conven ti on3. tall 5. Conven ti onTask 3 I) writte n 5) soul6) described 10) exercisesII) con trol 15) medicalUn it Six Task 1 1.B2. D2) practiced7) mental 12) experie nces3.A4. C5. B3) adapted4) fun dame ntal 8) state of being13) in cludi ng 6. A 7. C 8. D9) pictured14) in dividuals9. B 10. C4. curiously6. content10. cou nt11. content 15. tallTask 31)sheer5) chaotic6) sophisticated 10) safestUn it Seve nTask 11.A2. CTask 2 Step 1partiallyemployeeproverbialalterati on Step27. execute 8. curious 9. execute 12. conven tions2) subject7) violenee3. B4. B5. C13. count14. conven tion3) contradictory8) glamorous6. A7. B8. C4) worldly9) crime9. A 10. Cun fold un selfish ness/selfish ness imperfectrefin eme nt in destructible liar con siderablecrim inal mistake traitor phila nthropist1. in destructible2. mistook3. un selfish ness alteration6. traitor7. con siderable8. liar 4. imperfect 5.9. employees 10. un folds11. refin eme nt proverbial 12. phila nthropist 13. criminal14. partially 15.1. So far as rm concerned2. should en deavor to measure whether predeterm ined goals are being achieved3. has bee n en grossed in conv ersati on with all ni ght4. draw con clusi ons from the results of a si ngle survey5. He had no friends nor acqua intan ces6. did she tell him about the attack7. as we had see n8. that he had had a family himself9. the problems you men ti on are in here nt in the system10. young people con scie ntious in their work/y oung people who are con scie ntious in their work11. deviated from her custom12. at the peril of your own life/at your own peril13. take n on a new dime nsion14. capable of look ing after myself15. in much the same way as it was 200 years ago16. rescue the sailors from the sinking ship17. participated in the war18. due to our ignoranceUn it Eight1. A. black and white B. i n black and whiteC.black-a nd-white2. A. on the sce ne B. sets the sce neC. behi nd thescenes3. A. make no differe nee B. make a differe neeC. make any differe neeD. make all the differe nee4. A. work on B. works aga inst C. work out5. A. spread to B. spreadi ng outC. spreadthroughTask 31.A2.B3.B4.D5.AStep 1 1. boot---e, m 3. fatal--b, q 5. n et---a, f, 1 7. reward--k, o Step 2 1. boot (m)2. vacum (p)⑴6. n egotiati ng (n)7. odds (h) n egotiati ons (g)Task 22. boun d--c, j 4. n egotiate--g, n 6. the odds--h, i 8. vacuum---d, p3. rewarded (o)4. reward (k)5. net8. odds (i) 9. Fatal (b) 10.6.B7.C8.B9.D 10.CUn it Ni ne Task 1 1.A2. DTask 2 I. crammed (b)crashed (a)6. crammed (d)10. slumped (b)II. trust (c)15. liberals (b)16. trust (b) Task 3 1)A2) DDUnit Ten Task 1 I.A 2. C 3. D Task 2 1. un derly ingvuln erable 6. diffused eloque nee3. B4. B5. C6. A7. B8. A 2. balloon (a)7. ballo oned(c)12. trust (d)3) B 4) B 4. B 5. B2. im mune7. foremostTask 33. crash (a)8. crash (b)13. liberal (c)5) C 6) C 7) A 6. B 7. C 8. D3. impart8. scholarly9. C 10. A4. crammed (a)9. balloo n (b)14. slump (c)8) A 9) D 9. A 10. B4. imperative9. illuminated5.10)5.10.1)deeper 2) con tribute 3) explore 4) pote ntial 5) how6) productive 7) likely 8) produce 9) Natio nally 10) dedicated。

研究生英语教材课后习题解答（上册）

研究⽣英语教材课后习题解答（上册）Unit 1Text AExercises1. Reading comprehensionA. Read the text and answer the following questions.1. What, according to the author, do Americans love? Cite examples to illustrate your point.Americans love new frontiers. For example, they hanker after wide-open spaces; they like to explore; they like to make rules but refuse to follow them.2. Is there a place on earth where you can go and be yourself? What is the place according to the author?According to the author, there is a place—cyberspace, where you can go and be yourself.3. What metaphor does the author use to describe cyberspace? Why does she use such a metaphor?Real estate, because both real estate and cyberspace consist of different parts and each part is suitable for a particular group of people.4. Does the author approve of regulating cyberspace? Why or why not?Yes, but first, it is fundamental to understand the nature of cyberspace.5. What does the author think is needed in cyberspace besides government control?Self-rule.6. What are some of the main areas of cyberspace that the author defines? What other areas do you know that have recently emerged in cyberspace (e.g. e-business)?E-mail conversations, information and entertainment services, and cyberspace communities.7. How do cyberspace communities evolve? Give examples to illustrate your point.People of similar interests and tastes form a community. For example, communities on CompuServe tend to be professional; those on America Online are affluent young singles, and so on.8. What is unique about cyberspace rules? What authority do they have that rules in terrestrial environments don’t have?It allows communities of any size and kind to flourish. Cyberspace rules have moral authority that terrestrial governments don’t have.9. In what spirit are new communities formed?Communities cater to their own members’ inclination..10. What kind of government do explorers in cyberspace need?Their own local government besides terrestrial government does explorers.11. What should be done to deal with questionable items in cyberspace? Are people already doing that?We should be banning them and using labels and automatic filters to get rid of them. Yes.12. Is cyberspace a perfect place? If not, why are people so excited about it?No, it is not. People are excited about it because it offers a lot of information and freedom.B. Global understanding and appreciation of the text.1. Analogy (⽐喻，类推) is a figure of speech (修辞⼿段) which draws a parallel between two different types of things, anduses on (usually familiar to the reader) to explain reader’s understanding of the writer’s point.Can you draw a parallel between real estate and cyberspace? What point does the analogysupport?2. By dividing cyberspace into three parts and using similes(明喻), the author defines the nature of cyberspace and illustrates further her point that government regulation is not needed in cyberspace. Complete the following form to show that you understand the author’s point. Please be reminded3. In what way do the rules of a terrestrial government and those of a cyberspace community differ?Cite examples from the text to support your answer.This article is written in an informal and conversational style. For example, the author uses some slangy words, incomplete sentences, contractions, and addresses the reader as ―you‖.II. V ocabularyA. Find a word or phrase from the paragraph indicated in the bracket that means the same as:1. in the past —→formerly2. include —→embrace3. man-made —→artificial4. control systematically —→regulate5. exactly —→precisely6. undesired —→unwanted7. irrelevant —→extraneous8. having intense feeling —→passionate9. aim toward —→be targeted to10. not far away —→at hand11. be charged for —→be sued forB. Choose the best word to complete each of the following sentences,1. this book ____a___ all the information you need.a. containsb. embracesc. offersd. involves2. The government _____c____ the number of foreign cars that could be imported.a. refrainsb. restrainsc. restrictsd. prevents3. As a teacher you should not show _____b___ towards any of your students.a. pleasureb. favorc. preferenced. inclination4. Traffic is _____d___ by police at every intersection.a. enforcedb. imposedc. limitedd. regulated5. How much do you ____b___ for this pair of shoes?a. billb. chargec. costd. afford6. We can ______b____ now and return to work in the morning.a. leave outb. leave offc. sign awayd. sign off7. That matter can be left ___b___ until our next meeting.a. onb. overc. aloned. about8. I learned that he was _____a____ sick leave from a government office.a. onb. inc. takend. spending9. It was one of the most beautiful sights that I had ever set eyes ____c_____.a. tob. inc. ond. down10. Each week he tried to set _____d____ a few dollars of his salary.a. forthb. aboutc. apartd. asideIII. ClozeChoose a proper word from the list to fill in each blank in the following passage. Change the formThe web From the Window contains poetry and literature from well-known writers across the global. There are thoughtful articles analyzing the state of the world we live in. There is (1)even a piece from the Secretary General of the United States, Kofi Annan. It may come (2)as some surprise to find out (3)that the editor of the magazine is a 12-year-old girl, Joy Nightingale.From the Window (4)won Joy Nightingale the first prize in the 1999 childnet Inter-national and Cable and Wireless awards. These are given (5)annually for the best use of the Internet (6)by and for young people. And (7)they highlight one of the most welcoming aspects of the (8)virtual world. Children have taken to the Internet as though they are born surfing.Perhaps this is (9)because adults have had to change their understanding of technology while children (10)simply accept it as natural. Whatever the reason, children can be found building websites and E-mailing friends (11)across the world while adults are (12)still asking: ―Tell me again —where (13)exactly is cyberspace?‖Of course there is growing (14)concern about the fact that children can travel far away from parental supervision in cyberspace. In (15)response , many parents have installed soft-ware packages which prevent (16)access to violent or pornographic websites. Childnet is taking a morepositive line. The website is a gateway (17)to a world of education and entertainment.The rapid growth in Internet culture has (18)led analysts to speculate that society will soon be divided (19)between the―information rich‖ and ―information poor‖. For Childnet it is especially important that children at the margins of society through poverty or disability have the chance to take their (20)palce as equal citizens in the virtual world.IV. TranslationTranslate the following into Chinese:The possibility of a real market-style evolution of governance is at hand. In cyberspace, we’ll be able to test and evolve rules governing what needs to be governed —intellectual property, content and access control, rules about privacy and free speech. Some communities will allow anyone in: others will restrict access to members who qualify on one basis or another. Those communities that prove self-sustaining will prosper (and perhaps grow and split into subsets with ever-more-particular interests and identities). Those that can’t survive-either because people lose interest or get scared off-will simply wither away.⼀种真正的市场型管理模式很快成为可能。

研究生英语第二册课后练习答案

研究生英语第二册课后练习答案Unit 1 Coping with the ComplimentIII. VocabularyA.1. came up with 6. put your mind2. The chances are 7. appalled3. fell flat 8. verdict4. bestowed upon 9. poise5. downright 10. blurted outB1. inarticulate 6. enhance2. insults 7. invite3. inept 8. sickly4. glowingly 9. adroit5. execrable 10. charmingC.1. A 6. C2. C 7. D3. C 8. A4. B 9. C5. A 10 AIV. Cloze1. hesitant2. playing3. contributes4. or5. confidence6. external7. lurking8. whose9. because 10. withhold11. Given 12. for 13. perspective 14. drawback 15. competition16. achieved 17. equal 18. based 19. enters 20. enhancingV. TranslationA．我想了片刻，觉得世界上讲西班牙语的人最善于辞令，也许可以从他们身上学到点什么。

你对他们中的一个人赞叹说，“我从来没见过这么漂亮的房子”，他马上答道，“您大驾光临，更使蓬荜生辉。

”让你站在那儿，一脸尴尬。

要想回敬他们是没有用的——不管说什么，最后他们总会占上风。

有一点很清楚：在所有得体的社交场合，最根本的就是保持镇定。

伊利莎·法勒写过一本美国最早的有关礼仪方面的书。

她在书中讲述了一个故事，阐明保持镇定的重要性。

研究生英语教程课后习题答案(中国人大出版社)

UNIT four爱因斯坦痛苦的罗曼史沃尔特·沙利文[1]新近披露的艾伯特·爱因斯坦与意中人（此人后来成为他的元配）之的来往信件，向人们展示了这对情侣饱含辛酸的爱情经历。

[2]有许多信件都叙述了这位年轻科学家和他未婚妻米莱娃·玛丽克之间的爱情，叙述了因为爱因斯坦的母亲拼命反对这门亲事而引起他俩的痛苦心情，还叙述了他俩为孩子的即将出世油然而生的兴奋心情。

[3]然而，这个女孩后来的命运如何依然是个谜。

她是在这对夫妇于1903年结婚前生下的，而且对她后来的情况显然没有记载。

[4]与所披露的艰难的罗曼史交织在一起的是爱因斯坦满怀信心地为自己的相对论概念而努力奋斗的思想片断。

[5]爱因斯坦与玛丽克(她出生在当时匈牙利的塞尔维亚地区，现为南斯拉夫的一部分。

)是在1896年交上朋友的。

当时他俩正一起在苏黎世的联邦理工学院学习，在后来的许多岁月中，因爱因斯坦为找工作奔波，玛丽克为回家探亲而造成多次分离，所以他们通信频繁。

[6]爱因斯坦在信中向玛丽克吐露，自己正投身于物理学的许多领域(其中包括光的特性、相对运动和分子现象)内发生的革命。

[7]据波士顿大学物理学教授、爱因斯坦论文集的编辑约翰·施塔赫尔博士说，看起来，与其说玛丽克是爱因斯坦思想的贡献者，不如说是爱因斯坦思想的“共鸣者”。

[8]1899年爱因斯坦20岁。

在给玛丽克的一封信中，他提前谈论了自己6年后发表的早期相对论思想。

当时许多物理学家仍然认为空间充满着一种能使光波传播的不可见的介质。

他们将这种介质称之为“传光的以太”。

[9]爱因斯坦的信还透露了他家里的人对玛丽克的鄙视态度。

1900年7月，他得到姐姐的警告说，父母竭力反对他与玛丽克结婚。

当他把自己的打算告诉母亲后，“妈妈一下子扑倒在床上，把头埋在枕头下，哭得像孩子似的”，他在给玛丽克的信中写道。

[10]爱因斯坦继续写道：“当她从开头的打击中恢复过来后，便立即转换方式，发起猛烈攻势。

研究生英语课程课后答案专硕

Unit 1Text AII. Language points1. How successful you’ll be in making transitions among careers can at least be partially attributed to the amount of career planning and preparation you’ve done. Para. 1 If you are well-prepared in making plans for your future career, the chances are that you might as well succeed in changing your career because how successfully you change your career may in part result from what preparations you’ve done in career planning.2. Think of career planning as building bridges from your current job/career to your next job/career; without the bridge, you may easily stumble or lose your way, but with the bridge there is safety and directions. Para. 2 You should regard making plans for your career as building bridges which are the transitions from your current job/career to your next job/career and may help you find the right door to the future.3. And while career planning and career decision-making is an important aspect of your life, do not put so much pressure on yourself that it paralyzes you from making any real choices, decisions, or plans. Para. 5… don’t put too much pressure on yourself to make real choices, decisions, or plans.4. To help you with your career planning, consider using the following exercises to their fullest potential. Para. 6 … consider using the following exercises to their fullest degree/ as much as possible.5. Reflect on the times and situations in which you feel most passionate, most energetic, most engaged — and see if you can develop a common profile of these situations. Para. 9 Consider the times and situations in which you feel most excited, most vigorous, most engrossed—and try to generalize the features these situations have in common.6. Remember those papers you had to write as a kid about what you wanted to be when you grew up Para. 13 Do you still remember when you were little you were asked to write about what you would like to be in the future7. Take the time to revert back to those idyllic times and brainstorm about your current dream job; be sure not to let any negative thoughts cloud your thinking. Para. 13 Spend some time in returning back to these simple, peaceful and pleasant times and trying to think more about your current ideal job to make sure that no negative thoughts could make your thinking obscure /unclear.8. Look for ideas internally, but also make the effort to explore/research other careers/ occupations that interest you. Para. 13 You should not only look for ideas inside yourself/ at the bottom of your heart, but also explore/research other careers/occupations you are interested in from the outside.9. Pinpoint the qualifications you need to move to the next step in your career or to make the move to a new career path. Para. 18 Mark clearly the qualifications that are needed in career changing. 10. If you’re not sure, search job postings and job ads, conduct informational interviews, researchjob descriptions. Para. 18 If you’re not sure about the qualifications required in the new career, you should search job postings and job advertisements for those qualifications, take part in interviews in which you know something about the job, and study the list of general tasks, or functions, andresponsibilities of a position..11. Develop a timeline and action plans for achieving each type, being sure to set specific goals andpriories. Para. 20 Make a timetable and action plans for achieving each type of qualification you need and remember to set concrete goals and decide what should be done first.12. Businesses, careers, and the workplace are rapidly changing, and the skills that you have orplan for today may not be in demand years from now.Para. 21 Businesses, careers, and the workplace are rapidly changing, and the skills that you have mastered or you plan to master now may not be required or needed in the future.13. Long-range career planning should be more about identifying and developing core skills thatemployers will always value while developing your personal and career goals in broad strokes.Para. 21 When planning career for the long run, you should focus on pinpointing and developing the essential skills in general that will always be valued no matter whom your employers are or how time changes.14. Here’s a collection of the best self-assessment tools, designed to give you a better idea of yourattitudes and interests as they relate to possible career choices.Para. 25 The best collected self-assessment tools are developed to make you clear about your attitudes and interests related to the careers that you may choose.15. Some tools and resources especially for established job-seekers contemplating a career change.Para. 26 In the section of Career Change Resources, there are some tools and resources especially for those established job-hunters who consider changing careers.16. Taking the time to use a career journal is a fantastic way to conduct career planning on aregular basis.Para. 31 It is great to spend some time using a career journal to carry out career planning regularly.17. The concept of transferable skills is a vital job-search technique that all job-seekers shouldmaster, though the concept is especially important for career changers and college students. Para.33 All job-hunters should master those skills that are needed to make transitions from school toworkplace or from your current job to the next jobIII. Key to the exercises1. Reading Comprehension1 According to the author, career planning is very essential because it functions as bridges builtfrom one’s current job/career to his/her next job/career and with the bridges there is safety and direction.2 T he main idea of the passage:The passage offers some basic guidelines for both short-term and long-term career planning.3 Short-term career plan and long-term career plan are different. A short-term career plan focuseson a timeframe ranging from the coming year to the next few years. It is characterized by developing realistic goals and objectives that can be accomplished in the near future. But long-term career planning usually involves a broader set of guidelines and preparation and focuses on and developing workplace core skills and identifying career trends.4 In order to hold a positive attitude towards short-term career planning, you should free yourselfform all career barriers, such as personal barriers, family pressure and peer pressure. And you shouldn’t put so much pressure on yourself because it may paralyze you from making any realchoices, decisions, or plans.5 Before you develop a picture of yourself and your career, you should analyze your current/futurelifestyle, likes/dislikes, passion, definition of success, personality, dream job and current situation.2. VocabularySection A1 on the move2 In terms of3 quintessential4 perspective5 priority6 cloud7 brainstormed8 extravert, introvert9 Reverting10 timeframeSection B1 A2 B3 C4 C5 A6 D7 D8 A9 C10 A3. Cloze1 right2 not3 wrong4 First of all5 knowledge6 Only7 no matter what8 outperform9 successful 10 higher11 who 12 still 13 rather than 14 figure out 15 worst16 Then 17 However 18 rehearse 19 more 20instead of4. TranslationA. Chinese to English1 Translate the following sentences into English.1 Although we failed this time, we should not be sunk in apathy, because as we all know, “failure isthe mother of success.” And we are all wedded to the belief that this failure will be the beginning of future success.2 The idyllic Indonesian island is a beautiful combination of spirituality, natural beauty and a tasteof the exotic.3 Adolescence, the transition from childhood to adulthood, is always a critical time for everybody.So parents must pay special attention to their children’s growth in this period.4 Thank you for your really practical advice, but I still need time to reflect on it.5 You’d better contemplate the related issues before making a final decision, and formulate afeasible action plan that can be fulfilled in one year.6 In this English Speaking Contest, what impresses me most is that contestant 11 is a very fluentspeaker of English, but it’s a pity that he fails to confine himself to the subject.7 Neither difficulty nor failure frustrates his passion in his research. He was content to go as far ashe could.8 Anthropologists, as far as I know, are still unable to pinpoint just where along the line man andthe apes branched into two distant species.2 Translate the following paragraph into English.We all have goals and aspirations. Sometimes we have difficulty knowing where to start. We want that new body, or want to be healthy and have more energy, but we just do not know what the first step is. In addition, the road to our goals is sometimes a rocky one. It is difficult to transgress and sometimes we just want to give up. We sometimes forget that our current situation did not occur overnight and so changing it will not happen overnight either. It will take time and hard work. Therefore, I suggest that you should set only one goal at a time.When you try to take on too much at once, you can become overwhelmed quickly. Create a list and take one goal at a time. Once you achieve that goal, back to yourlist to mark it off, and move to the next one. The act of achieving goals individually will give you a greater sense of accomplishment. You can even break the one goal into smaller parts. This gives you motivation and success more often than waiting for days or months to achieve a larger goal.B. English to Chinese1 Translate the following paragraph into Chinese.每位求职者都需要花点时间远离日常繁忙的工作,仔细思量你的事业,为未来制定计划;无论你喜欢现在的工作和老板或是感到受缚于目前工作,职业规划能够帮助你;职业规划被视作建立连接目前工作/职业和未来工作/职业的桥梁,没有这座桥,你会跌跌撞撞或迷失方向；但有了这座桥,就有了安全的保证和明确的方向;2 Read the passage carefully and translate the underlined sentences into Chinese.1一位权威科学家警告说,机器人在家庭、工作场所和战争中的兴起必须受到伦理规范的监督和控制,以此限定机器人在一些敏感情境中的运用,比如看小孩、照顾老人以及作战等情境;2谢菲尔德大学的人工智能专家诺埃尔·夏基教授警告说,机器人正被引入潜在的敏感情境中,这可能会导致被服务者与世隔绝的状态,因为人们在给机器人设定指令后,往往很长时间不再问津;3第一条规定机器人不得伤害人类；第二条规定机器人必须服从人类的命令,但不得违反第一条定律；第三条规定机器人应尽量保护自己,但不得违反前两条定律;4但是20世纪末提出的有关具有高度人工智能的机器人将崛起的预言并未实现,不过机器人科学家已赋予了听命于他们的机器以准智能的特征,比如简单的言语识别、情绪表达以及面部识别等能力;5目前机器人的智力水平连愚蠢都算不上;如果我哪怕认为他们会在智力上高出人类一等,我都不会有这些担忧了;Text BCareer Path: Acting Your AgeKey to the exercisesGuess the meaning of the words1 troublesome2 strenuous3 handicap4 similar in meaning5 applies6 commendable7 saturated8 intimidating9 attracting 10 What’s moreTrue or false(1)T 2 F 3 T 4 F 5 F 6 T7 T8 FUnit 2Text AII. Language points1. Even a modest space voyage, Dyson calculated, would set the average family back 1,500 years in wages. Para.1 According to Dyson’s calculation, even a modest and common space voyage would cost the average family wages of about 1,500 years.set back:cost a person specific amounte.g. My new car set me back $3 000.2. The difference reflected the relative difficulty of space travel, but also the limitations of big government programs to do things on the cheap. Para.1 The cost difference not only has showed space travel is much more difficult than the Mayflower’s voyage in 1620 and the westward journey of the Mormons in 1840s, but also proved that government needs to reduce its spending on big and expensive programs and turn its attention to the programs that cost less money.3. Nothing has happened in the past 40 years to suggest that NASA has come any closer to the commercial sweet spot of the Colonial settlers. Para.2 In the past 40 years, nothing has shown that NASA’s has found its best solution to which it could start and develop its business just like early colonial settlers who found their place, Massachusetts, to settle down and made their living move on based on their settlement.A sweet spot is a place, often numerical as opposed to physical, where a combination of factors suggests a particularly suitable solution. In the context of a racquet, bat or similar sporting instrument, sweet spot is often believed to be the same as the center of percussion. In this context, sweet spot means a financially profitable situation. Colonial settlers found this sweet spot while NASA didn’t come close. 4. The commission headed by Lockheed Martin chairman Norm Augustine that has spent much of the past year deliberating on NASA’s human spaceflight program… Para.2deliberate on: to consider /discuss or negotiate仔细研究,审议e.g. We had no time to deliberate on the problem.5. ...even though ending this program woul d send NASA’s international partners into apoplexy. Para.2 …even though ending the ISS program would make NASA’s international partners feel very angry.The apoplexy is an outdated medical term, which can be used to mean “bleeding”. It can be used non-medically to mean a state of extreme rage or excitement.6. More embarrassing, with NASA’s space shuttle due to be mothballed in 2010, and its cheaper replacement, the Orion capsule, not due to fly until 2012, the partners face a two year gap in which they will have to rely on Russia’s Soyuz ships to commute to the space station. Para.2 To NASA’s embarrassment, they had to stop using their shuttle in 2010 and its cheaper replacement, the Orion capsule cannot fly until 2012, so there will be a two year gap between 2010 and 2012, in which NASA’s international partners have to depend on Russia’s ship to come and go to the space station. mothball:to decide not to use or develop something, for a period of time, especially a piece of equipment or a plan 封存；搁置不用If someone in authority mothballs a plan, factory, or piece of equipment, they decide to stop developing or using it, perhaps temporarily.7. The shortfall may force NASA to open up its space-exploration program to commercial operators to a degree that’s unpre cedented in its history.Para.3 The shortage or lack of money may force NASA to get commercial operators involved in its space-exploration program to a degree that has never happened before.shortfall:n. 缺口；差额；亏空If there is a shortfall in something, there is less of it than you need.8. The move could create opportunities for the modern equivalents of Young and Bradford—entrepreneurs willing to risk their livelihoods on making the exploration of spaceaffordable by not only designing and building ships for NASA, but also by providing shuttle services to deliver NASA astronauts or equipment to their targets.Para.3 The move —NASA’s opening up its space program to commercial or private sectors—could create opportunities for upcoming modern entrepreneurs like Young and Bradford in the early times. They are willing to take a risk in spending much money, effort and even their lives on space exploration in order to get it started and moved on by not only designing and building ships for NASA, but also by providing shuttle services to deliver NASA astronauts or equipment to meet NASA’s targets.9. In the past, NASA has been deeply involved in managing design and development work by outside contractors, a messy process that made the shuttle expensive and unsafe, rather than cheap and safe. Now the agency is under pressure to step back and buy services wholesale from private firms. Para.3 In the past, NASA has spent much effort and time asking outside contractors to design and develop space shuttles, which is a very complicated process making the space shuttle expensive and unsafe rather than cheap and safe. Now due to financial pressure, the agency has stepped back to entrust private firms to do all the business for NASA.10. “We’re talking about a movement from w here the government has been the prime contractor,managing situations with a very hands-on role, to a situation where they are just a customer,”says Larry Williams. Para.3 We are talking about the movement — NASA has shifted it role from a major contractor who needs to do every detailed and practical work by itself to a customer who buys services wholesale from private firms.11. The next step is to work out similar deals with private firms to send astronauts aloft. Para.5 Thenext step is to enable the private firms to send astronauts to outer space just like cargo that can be delivered.aloft:adj./adv. high in the air 在空中高处Something that is aloft is in the air or off the ground.12. To do that, NASA will have to relinquish some of its oversight of crew safety. This isn’t entirelywithout precedent. Para.5 In order to let private firms send astronauts into space, NASA will have to give up their responsibility of regulating crew safety. This has happened before.relinquish:vt. to stop having something, especially when this happens unwillinglyIf you relinquish something such as power or control, you give it up.oversight: the state of being in charge of somebody/something 负责；照管13. Space X claims it could adapt its cargo-carrying spaceship for ferrying a human crew in lessthan three years, once it gets the green light. Para.6 Space X claims it could make some change to its spaceship so that it could send people to outer space in less than three years, once it gets permission.14. If Virgin and other commercial firms can deliver, Earth orbit will be far more accessible thanit’s ever been before. Although it would still be a stretch for all but the wealthiest people, costs could come down low enough to jump-start markets for tourism. Para.8 If commercial firms like Virgin Galactic can deliver man to Earth orbit, then Earth orbit would be much easier to get to than ever before. It would be open to nobody but the wealthiest people since only the rich can afford the high price,but the cost could be reduced so that it would become a rising market for tourism.15. The big sticking point, however, will be safety. Even though NASA holds the safety of its crewparamount, it still hasn’t been able to escape the occasional disaster, like the loss of the Columbia shuttle and its crew in 2003. Para.8 The key point is still the consideration of safety of itscrew. Even though NASA regards the safety of its crew as the most important thing, it still hasn’t been able to avoid the occasional disaster, such as the loss of the Space shuttle, Columbia and its 7 crew members in 2003.16. …the space shuttle is unreliable, in part, because its all-purpose design is overly complex. NASAneeds a bigger rocket capable of sending a crew, with equipment and supplies for a long-dura tion trip, beyond the tether of Earth’s gravity. Para.9 … the space shuttle is unreliable partly because its space shuttle is designed for all- around purposes, such as carrying cargo or people, etc. And the process of design is extremely complex. NASA needs a bigger rocket capable of sendinga crew, with equipment and supplies for a longer trip, beyond the limitation or influence of Earth’sgravity.overly: too/ extremely17. It might be able to entice commercial firms to undertake their own big rockets if there weresome payoff down the road. Para.9 Private firms might be attracted to build their own rockets to deliver astronauts to outer space if they could get profits.payoff:n. return; reward; payment18. Many seemingly ridiculous ideas for generating energy and beaming it back to Earth now seemmuch less so, thanks to the climate crisis. Para.9 The ideas of generating energy and shining it back to earth, which used to sound very funny, but now seems much possible and necessary due to the consideration of the climate crisis.19. …the challenge of sending people safely into deep space and back for a profit is big enough togive any entrepreneur pause. Para.10 … the challenge for private services to send people safely into deep space and back for making profits is so big that any entrepreneur would hesitate before they take their steps.give sb./sth. pause:使踌躇,使犹豫This finding should give pause to it. 这个发现令人深思;His recent behavior has given her pause about their relationship.他最近的行为让她对他们的关系产生了犹豫;20. T he Industrial Revolution didn’t take off until the railways arrived. Para.11Here it means that the private sector will play an important role and do lots of work in deep space only if NASA gets it started.III. Key to the exercises1. Reading comprehension1 In early times there was an essay comparing space travel to the colonization, but nothing can keepDyson from making a meticulous effort to quantify and compare the costs of these vastly different ventures.2 By presenting the relationship between FedEx and the U.S. Postal service, the writer wants to showthat NASA actually can pay private firms, like Space X to design and develop space program.3 NASA opened up its space exploration program to commercial operators because NASA lacks fundingto keep its human spaceflight program moving on and operating. So, it is the shortfall that forces NASA to open up its space-exploration program to commercial operators.4 There are two steps that NASA is going to take after it begins working with smaller companies. Thefirst is to get cargo delivered to space; the next step is to work out similar deals with private firms to send astronauts aloft.5 Give your own comments.2. VocabularySection A1 fanciful2 eminent3 meticulous4 aloft5 mogul6 shortfall7 quantify8 relinquished9 entrust10 wholesaleSection B1 C2 B3 C4 D5 B6 C7 B8 D9 C10 B3. Cloze1 predicted2 pass3 doubt4 catch5 running6 high-lever7 lag8 convinced 9assured 10 reasonably11dismissed 12 acute 13 called 14 offer 15 creation16 feats 17 failed 18 lack 19 blame 20 boss4. TranslationA. Chinese to English1 Translate the following sentences into English.1 By some estimates, 10 million Americans will be telecommuting in 5 years so that three quarters of abillion gallons of petrol could be saved.2 Rogge also thanked the security forces that kept the Winter Olympic Games safe at the cost of about$310 million, a bill that increased following the Sept. 11 terrorist attacks.3 Government has given our city a modern international airport capable of meeting our requirements farinto the next century.4 What makes parents worry is that some primary students keep indulging themselves in computergames day and night and nothing can entice them from computers.5 It’s an interesting sugg estion for space program, but we need a bit longer time to give pause to it sinceit is so costly.6 At present, government particularly needs to work on vocational training in various forms, open upnew opportunities of employment and strive to assist as many laid-off workers as possible in finding new jobs.7 A recent survey found 55 percent of those polled considered true love paramount in a relationship,while 45 percent still believed in love at first sight.8 Graduates are under great pressure before leaving college because of job hunting, poverty, emotionalproblems, school achievements and surroundings, etc.2 Translate the following paragraph into English.After the Soviet space program launched the world’s first human-made satellite Sputnik 1 on October 4, 1957, the attention of the United States turned toward its own fledgling space efforts. The U.S. Congress, alarmed by the perceived threat to U.S. security and technological leadership known as the “Sputnik crisis”, urged immediate and swift action; President Dwight D. Eisenhower and his advisers counseled more deliberate measures. Several months of debate produced an agreement that a new federal agency was needed to conduct all non-military activity in space. The Advanced Research Projects Agency ARPA was also created at this time.B. English to Chinese1 Translate the following paragraph into Chinese.首要任务是把货物送到太空; 美国航空航天局猎户星座航空舱仅是针对航天员设计的,所以把种子基金付给私人太空机构去实现把物品送到太空站;去年美国航空航天局就签订了两个合同, 一个是以16亿美元的价格委托美国宇宙探索技术公司SpaceX为美国航空航天局12次发射运载火箭; 另一个是以19亿美元的价格委托美国轨道科技公司Orbital Sciences Corp.为其完成八次太空飞行任务;为了履行这一合同,美国宇宙探索技术公司SpaceX 现正在组建猎鹰9号火箭助推器,以便运送无人驾驶的太空舱与太空站对接;太空员卸下货物后让其返回地球;美国轨道科技公司Orbital Sciences Corp.组建的类似的金牛座II火箭预计将在2011年投入使用;威廉说：“从美国航空航天局的角度来看,他们最终关心的不是你怎么收到了邮件,而是想办法把邮件送到;”2 Read the passage carefully and translate the underlined sentences into Chinese.1太空项目的提案者早就有过这样的警告,逐渐增加的太空垃圾带最终会导致碰撞,就正如星期二所发生的,在西伯利亚上空500英里处,美国的一颗卫星与现已失效的俄罗斯卫星发生严重的撞击;2人类有惊人的乱丢垃圾的能力,但普遍存在的共识是：浩瀚的太空不会因为人类的行为而受到巨大的伤害;3我们的卫星在太空飞行的最高处离地球22 000英里,当你知道这是地球到月球距离的1/10时,这一距离就听起来就不是很远的了;4每次即便是我们把一个小小的卫星送入它运行的轨道,伴随这一运载过程的也不仅仅是卫星;5一些政府机构的联盟,包括美国航空航天局、北美防空联合司令部,甚至美通讯委员会跟踪记录了星球上空的漂浮的所有垃圾,目前这些不断增加的垃圾让人无比地恐慌;Text BThe New Space Race1 left / flied away from2 hesitated3 prevented or impaired4 brought back to use / revived5 unfriendly / hostile6 made free from bacteria7 space / vacancy 8vulnerable / weak9 a kind of metal element 10 filled with / full ofTrue or false1 T2 F3 F4 T5 F6 T7 T8 FUnit 3Text AII. Language points1. The utilitarian doctrine is, that happiness is desirable, and the only thing desirable, as an end; all other things being only desirable as means to that end.Para. 1The utilitarian principle is that happiness is worth obtaining and is the only thing worth obtaining as a purpose; all other things being so only as a way to obtain happiness.2. What ought to be required of this doctrine, what conditions is it requisite that the doctrine should fulfill, to make good its claim to be believed Para. 1What requirements should this principle meet, what are the necessary conditions this principle should accomplish to make its claim good for people to believerequisite a. required by circumstances or necessary for successe.g. Have you the requisite visa to enter Canadahave/lack the requisite capital to start a business3. In like manner, I apprehend, the sole evidence it is possible to produce that anything is desirable, is that people do actually desire it. Para. 2Likewise, I think the only evidence we can possibly offer to prove anything to be desirable is that people do actually desire it.apprehend v. grasp the meaning of sb./sth.; understande.g. Do I apprehend you aright, i.e. Do you mean what I think you meansole a. one and only; singlee.g. the sole cause of the accidentthe sole survivor of the crash4. If the end which the utilitarian doctrine proposes to itself were not, in theory and in practice, acknowledged to be an end, nothing could ever convince any person that it was so. Para. 1If the purpose which the utilitarian doctrine itself intends to fulfill were not accepted to be a purpose both in theory and in practice, then nothing could ever make anyone believe that it was so.5. No reason can be given why the general happiness is desirable, except that each person, so far as he believes it to be attainable, desires his own happiness. Para. 2We can give no reason why the general happiness is desirable except that each person desires his own happiness as long as he believes that it can be achieved.attainable a. that can be attainede.g. These objectives are certainly attainable.6. This, however, being a fact, we have not only all the proof which the case admits of, but all which it is possible to require, that happiness is a good, that each person’s happiness is a good to that person, and the general happiness, therefore, a good to the aggregate of all persons.Para. 2However, it is a fact that the general happiness is desirable, and we have not only all the evidence that the case agrees with, but all the evidence that it is likely to need, to prove that happiness is a benefit, that each person’s happiness is a benefit to that person, and the general happiness, therefore, a benefit to all persons as a whole.aggregate n. total amount; mass or amount brought togethere.g. the complete aggregate of unemployment figures7. Now it is palpable that they do desire things which, in common language, are decidedly distinguished from happiness. Para. 3Now it is obvious that people do desire things which, in everyday words, are definitely different from happiness.palpable a. clear to the mind; obviouse.g. a palpable lie, errordistinguish v. recognize the difference between people or thingse.g. People who cannot distinguish between colours are said to be colour-blind.The twins are so alike that no one can distinguish one from the other.8. They desire, for example, virtue, and the absence of vice, no less really than pleasure and the absence of pain. Para. 3For example, they want to have virtue and avoid vice as much as they want to have pleasure and avoid pain.vice:n. evil or unprincipled conduct; wickednesse.g. Greed is a terrible vice.。

(完整版)研究生英语综合教程-下课后习题答案

Task 11. provinces b.2. woke a.3.haunt b.4.trouble a.5.weathers d.6.wakeb.7.coined c.8. trouble b.9.weather c. 10. province c. 11. coin a. 12. value a.13. haunts a. 14. has promised a. 15. trouble c. 16. coin b. 17. promise d, 18. values c. 19. refrain b. 20. valued e.Task 21. tranquil2. ultimately3. aftermath4. cancel out5.ordeal6.drastic7. legacy8. deprivations9. suicidal 10. anticipated 11. preoccupied 12. adversities 13. aspires 14. nostalgia 15, retrospectTask 31. a mind-blowing experience2.built-in storage space3.self-protection measures4. short-term employment5.distorted and negative self-perception6. life-changing events7. all-encompassing details8.a good self-imageUnit TwoTask1I. A. entertainment B. entertaining2. A.attached B.attachment3.A.historically B. historic4. A. innovative B. Innovations5. A. flawed B. flawless6.A.controversy B. controversial7. A. revise B. revisions8. mentary B. commentator9.A. restrictive B. restrictions10.10. A.heroic B. heroicsTask 21. ethnic2.corporate3.tragic4. athletic5. underlie6. stack7. intrinsic8. revenue9. engrossed 10. awardTask 31) revenues 2)receipts 3) economic 4)rewards 5)athletes6) sponsor 7)spectators 8) maintain 9) availability 10) stadiums 11) anticipated 12) publicityUnit Three1.B 2, D 1 A 4, C 5, A 6.B 7,C 8. A 9.B 10. CTask2LA. discrete B. discreet C. discretion2.A. auditors B. auditorium C. audit D. auditory E. audited1 A. conception B.contrivance C. contrive D. conceive4.A. giggling B. gasped C. gargling D. gossip5.A. affectionate B. passion C. affection D. passionate6.A.reluctant B. relentless C. relevant7.A. reverence B. reverent C. revere8.A. peeping/peep B.peered C. perceive D.poringTask31) gain 2) similarities 3) diverse 4)enrich 5) perspective6)discover 7)challenging 8) specific 9)adventure 10)enlightens11) opportunities 12) memories 13) joyful 14) outweighs 15) span)Unit FourTask 11) uncomfortable 2)reading 3)immerse 4)deep 5) access 6)concentration 7)stopped 8)altered 9)change 10) different 11)decoders12) disengaged 13) variations 14) words 15) tighterTask 21.D2.A3. B4.B5.D6. A7. C8. CTask 1Step 1l)i 2)f 3)a 4)b 5)h 6)j 7)c 8)e 9)d 10)gStep 21)fidgety2)crushing3)pithy4) foraging5) definitive ,6)propelled7) applauded8) ubiquity9) duly10) curtailTask 21. above2.on3. to4.on5.on/about6. to 7 .with 8. at 9. on/about10. in Task 31. may have a subtle effect on2.provide free access toe-books3. isinthe midst ofa sea change4. has been onthe faculty ofHarvard University5.a voracious book reader6. you'll stay focused onit7. the conduit for information8.your check came asanabsolute godsend9. lost the thread ofthe story10. stroll through elegant proseTask 11.A2.C3.D4.B5.C6.B7.C8.D9.A10.C11.B12D.13.D14.A15.BTask21.sheer2.slip3desert4. revenge5.sheered6. level7.deserted8.skirted9.protested10. duplicates11. level12. revenge13.skirt14. protests15. slip16.duplicate Unit SixTask 1I.C 2.A 3.C 4.A 5.D 6.C 7.B 8.D 9.A 10.C lI.B 12.ATask21. Water isnot an effective shield2.engulfed inflames3.the rights ofsovereign nations4. outpaced its rivals inthe market5. There's no need tobelabor the point6. She invoked several eminent scholars7. from two embattled villages8. According tothe witness's testimony9. Inspite ofour best endeavors10. After many trials and tribulationsTask21) remain2) childish3)reaffirm4)precious5)equal6)measure7)greatness8) journey9)leisure10) fame11) obscure12) prosperityUnit SevenTask1I.C 2.B 3.B 4.D 5.B 6.C 7.C 8.A 9.B 10.BTask21. patrons b.2.designated b.3. reference d.4. inclination c5. host d.6. diffusing b.7. host c8.inclination a.9. references c.10. patrons a.11. reference a.12. host a.13. diffuses a..14. designate a.15. designate c.Task31) alive2)awakened3) trip4)stone5)remains6)beyond7)records8)social 9)across10) surrounding11) mental12) miracle13) having14) failure15) participateUnit EightTask 11.B2.D3. A4.B5.A6. D7. D8.A9. A 10. CTask21. A. outburst B.bursting C. outbreak2.A. adverse B.adversity C. advised3.A. distinguishes B.distinct C. distinguished4.A. sight/vision B. view C. outlook D. visions5. A. implicit B.implicit/implied C. underlying6.A.washed B. awash C. washing7.A. jumped/sprang B. springs C.leap D.jumped8. A. trail B. trail/track C. traceD. trackE.trace9.A. sensed B.sensible C. senseD. sensitiveE.sensational10.A. prosperous B.prosperity C. prospects D. prophecyTask31)echoes2) pays heed to3)hidden4) objectively5) decipher6)presence7)conviction 8)shot9)however10) slaughter11) bare12) trim13) are connected to14) strive15) yield Unit NineTask 11.A2.B3.D4.A5.B6.B7.C8.A9.C 10.DTask2I. explain, plain, complained, plain2. tolerate, tolerant, tolerance3. consequence,sequence,consequent4. commerce, commercial, commercial, commercialism, commercially5. arouse, arising, arise, arousal6. irritant, irritation, irritable, irritate7. democratic, dynamic, automated, dramatic8. dominate, dominant, predominant, predominate9. celebrate, celebrity, celebrated, celebration10. temporal, contemporary, temporaryTask3I) encompassing2)standard3)constraints4)presented5)resolution6) constitute7) entertainment8) interchangeably9) distinction10) fuzzy11) technically12) devoted to13) ranging14) competing15) biasesUnit TenTask 11) beware of2)unpalatable3)delineate4) Ingrained5) amplify6) supplanted7) pin down8)discretionary9) stranded10)swept throughTask21. that happy-to-be-alive attitude2.anl-told-you-so air3. the-end-justifies-the-means philosophy4.Aheart-in-the-mouth moment5.a now-or-never chance6. a touch-and-go situation7.a wait-and-see attitude8.too-eager-not-to-lose9.a cards-on-the-table approach10. anine-to-five lifestyle11.a look-who's-talking tone12. around-the-clock service13. a carrot-and-stick approach14. a rags-to-riches man15. a rain-or-shine picnicTask3I) exquisite2)soothe3)equivalent4)literally5)effective6)havoc7)posted8)notify9) clumsy10) autonomously。

研究生综合英语部分课后题答案

Unite 11.Your job as a future employee is to help the hiring manager mitigate/alleviate（减轻，降低）that risk.作为一个未来的员工,你的工作是帮助招聘经理降低风险。

2.You need help them identify（认定，认同）you as prospective/expected（预期的，未来的) “key player”.你需要帮助他们认定你有潜力成为一名核心员工.3.Kelly was outstanding and outshone/surpassed(优于，超过）every other player on the field。

凯利非常出色,胜过了球场上所有其他球员。

4.Better still,develop a reputation inside your lab and with people your lab collaborates with as a person who fosters and initiates/originates(发动，创建) collaborations。

更为有利的是，要在你实验室内部,以及在和你们实验室合作的人之间,培养一个良好的声誉:一个鼓励并发动合作的人.5.He is a former scientist who transitioned/transferred（转变，改变) to industry many years ago and then on to a senior management position.他之前是一名科学家，许多年前他转向了企业，并一直做到高级经理的职位。

6.The unions mobilized/organized(组织）thousands of workers in a protest(抗议，游行) against the cuts.协合会组织了一场数以千计的工人游行来抗议裁员.7.This creates a requirement not only for people who can act quickly，but for those who can think fast with the courage to act on their convictions/beliefs(信念）.act on ones convictions 按某人的想法行事。

高等学校研究生英语课后习题答案

Unit OneVocabulary in ActionTask 11.A2.C3.B4.C5.D6.D7.D 8.C 9.A 10.D 11.A 12.BTask 21.public(c)2.discipline(b)3.strength(a)4.reference(a)5.strength(d)6.public(a)7.demonstrated(b)8.discipline(c)9.references(c) 10.personality(a) 11.discipllining(d) 12.demonstrates(a) 13.public(d) 14.reference(b) 15.personality(c)Task 31.employment2.paid3.adjust4.setting5.discouraged6.credit7.cite8.demonstrate9.teamwork 10.rulesUnit TwoVocabulary in ActionTask 11.A2.B3.B4.C5.B6.A7.B8.C9.A 10.CTask 21. bud (n.); budding (adj.)2. access (n.); access (v.)3. taste (n.);tasted (v.)4. fool (n.); fooling (v.)5. produces (v.); produce (n.)6. garnish (v.); garnishes (n.)7. reigns (v.); reign (n.) 8. concern (n.); concerned (v.)9. named (v.); name (n.) 10. practiced (v.); practice (n.)Task 31) integration 2) choice 3) handed 4) aspiring 5) steaming6) masterpieces 7) pleasure 8) partake 9) amazing 10) presentedUnit ThreeVocabulary in ActionTask 11.A2.B3.C4.B5.A6.B7.C8.ATask 21. stack up against2. struck a chord3. amounted to4. chopping off5. appeal to6. pick up on7. turned out8. fade away9. brought together 10. pulled off 11. thrust upon 12. be kept clear ofTask 31) swirling 2) delivered 3) glowed 4) intervals 5) converge6) wanderings 7) navigate 8) jealousy 9) presence 10) absorbedUnit FourVocabulary in ActionTask 11.A2. A3. C4. B5. B6. C7. D8. C9. A 10. CTask 21. maintained (a)2. romantic (a)3. essential (a)4. essentials (c)5. dimension (c)6. intimate (a)7. maintains (c)8. defies (b)9. intimated (d) 10. dimensions (a) 11. defy (a) 12. romantic (b) 13. dimensions (b) 14. maintain (d) 15. intimate (c)Task 31) prerequisite 2) date 3) Respect 4) important5) whomever 6) candidates 7) highly 8) essential9) suitable 10) sufficientUnit FiveVocabulary in ActionTask 11. B2. D3. C4. B5. C6. A7. B8. D9. C 10. A 11.C 12. D 13. BTask 21. A. masterpieces B. mastered C. mastery2. A. committed B. commission C. commitment3. A. executing B. execution C. executive4. A. presentation B. represented C. presented D. present5. A. inventors B. investors C. innovator6. A. breath B. breathing C. breathtaking D. breathless7. A. physical B. physiological C. psychological8. A. discipline B. routine C. discipline9. A. practice B. performed C. perfect D. proper10. A. reaction B. reconciliation C. resistance D. responseTask 31) written 2) practiced 3) adapted 4) fundamental 5) soul6) described 7) mental 8) state of being 9) pictured 10) exercises 11) control 12) experiences 13) including 14) individuals 15) medicalUnit SixVocabulary in ActionTask 11.B2. D3.A4. C5. B6. A7. C8. D9. B 10. CTask 21. contented2. convention3. tall4. curiously5. Convention6. content7. execute8. curious9. execute 10. count 11. content 12. conventions 13. count 14. convention 15. tallTask 31) sheer 2) subject 3) contradictory 4) worldly 5) chaotic 6) sophisticated 7) violence 8) glamorous 9) crime 10) safestUnit SevenVocabulary in ActionTask 11.A2. C3. B4. B5. C6. A7. B8. C9. A 10. CTask 2Step 1partially unfold unselfishness/selfishness imperfect employee proverbial refinement indestructible criminal mistake alteration liar considerable traitor philanthropist Step 21. indestructible2. mistook3. unselfishness4. imperfect5. alteration6. traitor7. considerable8. liar9. employees 10. unfolds 11. refinement 12. philanthropist 13. criminal 14. partially 15. proverbialTask 31. So far as I'm concerned2. should endeavor to measure whether predetermined goals are being achieved3. has been engrossed in conversation with all night4. draw conclusions from the results of a single survey5. He had no friends nor acquaintances6. did she tell him about the attack7. as we had seen8. that he had had a family himself9. the problems you mention are inherent in the system10. young people conscientious in their work/young people who are conscientious in their work11. deviated from her custom12. at the peril of your own life/at your own peril13. taken on a new dimension14. capable of looking after myself15. in much the same way as it was 200 years ago16. rescue the sailors from the sinking ship17. Portugal participated in the war18. due to our ignoranceUnit EightVocabulary in ActionTask 1Step 11. boot---e, m2. bound--c, j3. fatal--b, q4. negotiate--g, n5. net---a, f, 16. the odds--h, i7. reward--k, o 8. vacuum---d, pStep 21. boot (m)2. vacum (p)3. rewarded (o)4. reward (k)5. net (f)6. negotiating (n)7. odds (h)8. odds (i)9. Fatal (b) 10. negotiations (g)Task 21. A. black and white B. in black and white C. black-and-white2. A. on the scene B. sets the scene C. behind the scenes3. A. make no difference B. make a differenceC. make any differenceD. make all the difference4. A. work on B. works against C. work out5. A. spread to B. spreading out C. spread throughTask 31.A2.B3.B4.D5.A6.B7.C8.B9.D 10.CUnit NineVocabulary in ActionTask 11.A2. D3. B4. B5. C6. A7. B8. A9. C 10. ATask 21. crammed (b)2. balloon (a)3. crash (a)4. crammed (a)5. crashed (a)6. crammed (d)7. ballooned (c)8. crash (b)9. balloon (b) 10. slumped (b) 11. trust (c) 12. trust (d) 13. liberal (c) 14. slump (c) 15. liberals (b) 16. trust (b)Task 31)A 2) D 3) B 4) B 5) C 6) C 7) A 8) A 9) D 10) DUnit TenVocabulary in ActionTask 1I.A 2. C 3. D 4. B 5. B 6. B 7. C 8. D 9. A 10. BTask 21. underlying2. immune3. impart4. imperative5. vulnerable6. diffused7. foremost8. scholarly9. illuminated 10. eloquenceTask 31) deeper 2) contribute 3) explore 4) potential 5) how6) productive 7) likely 8) produce 9) Nationally 10) dedicated。

研究生英语课后答案终极版

一、听力Passage1 1.B(one can) 2.D(to make) 3.A(they have)Short conversation1,A(husband and life) 2,D(a vocation) 3 ,D(the woman) 4,B(the bus) 5,A(3 hours)long conversation 1,B(there are) 2,D(tourists are) 3 ,D(go horseback) 4,D(it must be a famous geyser) 5,B(putting out)Passage 11,D(the decreasing) 2,A(toys need) 3 ,B(beacase Barbie stands) 4,A(Barbie dolls may disappear) 5,C(the Barbie brand will)Short conversation 1,A(the woman is unhappy) 2,C (he is interested in the history) 3 D(it is about personality) 4 A(the man is a Brazilian) 5,A(he wants make his) long conversation1,B(culture shock is caused when you) 2,C(he might feel anxious) 3 ,D (he thinks one cannot) 4,A(most local) 5,B(one can)Passage 11,C(visiting) 2,D(tod ay’s zoos make) 3 ,B(to estimate)Short conversation1,D(how to protect) 2,C(it is a good idea for) 3 ,B(Louisiana tornado killed 50) 4,C(he feels it) 5,D(the two speaks have)long conversation1,D(many) 2,A(driving steadily will help) 3 ,D(because they use) 4,C(to buy) 5,B(things people can do to reduce)Passage 2 1 ,F(new york) 2,T(manhattan) 3 ,T (buildings) 4,T(glass) 5,T(it is) 6,F(birds’) 7,F(birds) 8,F(when)Passage 11,B(strangers learned) 2,B(most) 3 ,A(they are designed)Short conversation 1,B(john shoudn’t) 2,A(the new) 3 ,C(he doesn’t) 4,D(the woman is interviewing) 5,A(she might go)long conversation1,B(a new) 2,B(most museums prohibit) 3 ,C(the artist) 4,A(to help vistors understand) 5,A(they both)Passage 2 1 ,F(vista is) 2,F(PC is) 3 ,T(One feature) 4,F(the new) 5,T(a breakthrough) 6,T(more advanced) 7,F(PC’s) 8,T(in the future)Passage 1 1,A(in the western) 2,B(because nobody) 3 ,D(more than) 4,C(a curious white light) 5,D(the cause for)S hort conversation 1,C(she probably) 2,C(she doesn’t) 3 ,C(a 30-minute) 4,B(to invite) 5,A(they are sailing)long conversation 1,A(in the year 565) 2,C(a priest) 3 ,B(someone) 4,C(it looked like a bus) 5,D(the Loch)Passage 2 1 ,F(altogether) 2,F(they planned) 3 ,T(the flight) 4,F(they also) 5,F(the lifeboat) 6,T(it was the first)Passage 1 1,A(in may1928) 2,D((in uruguay) 3 ,C(all the) 4,A(argentina2-1) 5,A(a different)Short conversation1,A(linda should be) 2,A(the woman is on) 3 ,B(before) 4,C(to have) 5,A(the man should stick)long conversation1,C(it didn’t allowwoman) 2,D(it was composed) 3 ,B(at the7th) 4,A(it is passed) 5,D(the IOC got)Passage 2 1 ,D(because play can let us) 2,B(they can learn what they) 3 ,C (it provides)) 4,A(It gives chidren) 5,C(the speakeris a specialist)二、CloseUnit oneAfter1825,1.(some of)which2. (thousands of)copies3. (different)factors 4. In the first place(it was) 5. (itself)as(a) 6. (which was)little(comparable) 7. (that)engulfed(the)8. (regarded as)suitable(to) 9.(on this)subject(reflected) 10. (the same)message11. (be)established(early) 12.(firmly) maintained(throughout) 13. (that)springs from(a)14. (must be)suppressed(by) 15. ,Or(it)Unit fourAn economy1.(is)defined(as)2. (no)wealth.3. (of)exchange(and)4. (the)economic(equivalent)5. (exists)because(all)6. (physical)needs(are)7. (virtually)infinite.8.set, automobile,9.(such)commodities(have)10.(so)Common(in)11. (society)that(few)12. (are)satisfied(by)13.(in the) same(way)14. (cannot)feed,15.(think of) Desires.Unit fiveSuppose you1.(has)considerable(other)2. (state)l egislature(and)3. (Buchanan)over(Abraham) 4. (disagrees)with(that)5. (Buchanan)as(the)6. (both)served(in)7. (where)slavery(and)8.(of) presidentia l(greatness) 9.(professional)Historians(and) 10. (and)greatness(correlate) 11. (would)expect(the)12.(the) inexperienced(to)13. (of the)surveys(shows) 14.(Such)correlation, 15. (more)outstanding(than)Unit sixA root1.(that)shapes(an)2.(health) as(a)3. (natural)expression(of)4.(metaphor)in that(it is)5. (an)explicit(device)6.unconscious, assumption.7. (done)extensive(research)8. (Religion)provides(one)9. (can)convey(a)10. ,based(on their)11. (conditioning)or(otherwise)12. (pointing)toward(a)13.(repeating)cycle. 14. (Pepper)coined(the) 15. (and)Proposed(a theory)Unit sevenSteps must1. (could)contribute(much) 2. (forests)from(destruction) 3. (by)applying(the) 4.(renewable) resource. 5.(new) sources(for) 6. (very)successful(in)7. (by)deforestation.8. (step)toward(satisfying)9.(demand)for(forest) 10.(forests)play(an) 11..However,(the most) 12.(important) step(toward) 13. (deforestation)as(a) 14. (not)preserved. 15. .Therefore,(a global)Unit eightIn February1.(research) facility(in) 2. (first)cloned(marmmal)3. (been)reproduced(from) 4. (sheep)instead(of)5. (global)debate(about)6. (this)focused(on)7. (people)despite(the)8. (in the)form(of)9.(on) intention(of) 10. (a)breakthrough(in) 11. –transferring(the)12. (human)characteristics(for)13. (milk)containing(human) 14.(also)exploring(the) 15.(into) Humans.四．词汇补充阅读Unit one1,dab---light touch2,took you to task--blamed you3,made for--moved towards4,timidly--nervously and shyly5,wither--dry up and die6,pattering--make repeated soft tapping sounds7,reprimanding--blame someone for a fault8,spontaneous--done natually,without being forced9,make confession-admit something of which you feel ashamed10,resolve --determinationUnit4Expertise-----special skill or knowledgeUnder that…umbrella-----under the protection ofIn flux---------constant changeBe watchful of--------pay close attention toPay off---------be profitablePitfalls------hidden difficulty or dangerTrigger--------------make something happen suddenlyLevel-headed---------calm and sensibleVulnerability---------exposure to harmMake enormous strides----make great improvementsUnit fiveCharisma-------the power to attract or influence peopleResume----------one’s experienceCredential---------the qualities or experience that make you suitable to do sthAt first blush---------at first glanceHe was out of gas------he was very exhaustedFeckless-----ineffectualStriking-------impressive and noteworthyA little goes a long way----even a little experience can help a lotUnit sixPervasive----exist in all parts of a placeIn nature----in it’s basic qualitiesMundane---not interesting or excitingRelate to---have a friendly understanding and sympathetic relationship withBy no means---not at allA wide variety of----several different sorts of the same thingWiped him out---destroy something or kill somebodyPartially---partlyLive by---live according to something as a principleConventional---following widely accepted customsunit seven1,air-----be incomplete2,yearnings---prolonged unfulfilled desire or need3,tune in----listen4,roll off his tongue---speak something quickly and easily from the memory5,at his disposal----under one,s control or management6,kick off-----initiate or begin something7,low-lying-----not high above sea level8,parched----dried out9,rev up------speed up10,skeptic-----someone who habitually doubts accepted beliefsunit eight1,gone out of control----be in a state of not being controlled2,sociopathic-----behaving in an aggressive or dangerous way towards other people 3,gone berserk-----behave in a wild,insane and dangerous manner4,startling----surprising5,prone to ----liable to suffer from sth.6,incentives----sth.that encourages people to do sth.7,straining at the bit-----show great eagerness to do sth.8,run amok------behave wildly and violently9,cloned----to produce an exact copy of an animal or a plant from its cells10,shoring up----help support sth. that is weak or going to failUnit one1,dab---light touch2,took you to task--blamed you3,made for--moved towards4,timidly--nervously and shyly5,wither--dry up and die6,pattering--make repeated soft tapping sounds7,reprimanding--blame someone for a fault8,spontaneous--done natually,without being forced9,make confession-admit something of which you feel ashamed10,resolve --determinationUnit4Expertise-----special skill or knowledgeUnder that…umbrella-----under the protection ofIn flux---------constant changeBe watchful of--------pay close attention toPay off---------be profitablePitfalls------hidden difficulty or dangerTrigger--------------make something happen suddenlyLevel-headed---------calm and sensibleVulnerability---------exposure to harmMake enormous strides----make great improvementsUnit fiveCharisma-------the power to attract or influence peopleResume----------one’s experienceCredential---------the qualities or experience that make you suitable to do sthAt first blush---------at first glanceHe was out of gas------he was very exhaustedFeckless-----ineffectualStriking-------impressive and noteworthyA little goes a long way----even a little experience can help a lotUnit sixPervasive----exist in all parts of a placeIn nature----in it’s basic qualitiesMundane---not interesting or excitingRelate to---have a friendly understanding and sympathetic relationship withBy no means---not at allA wide variety of----several different sorts of the same thingWiped him out---destroy something or kill somebodyPartially---partlyLive by---live according to something as a principleConventional---following widely accepted customsunit seven1,air-----be incomplete2,yearnings---prolonged unfulfilled desire or need3,tune in----listen4,roll off his tongue---speak something quickly and easily from the memory5,at his disposal----under one,s control or management6,kick off-----initiate or begin something7,low-lying-----not high above sea level8,parched----dried out9,rev up------speed up10,skeptic-----someone who habitually doubts accepted beliefsunit eight1,gone out of control----be in a state of not being controlled2,sociopathic-----behaving in an aggressive or dangerous way towards other people 3,gone berserk-----behave in a wild,insane and dangerous manner4,startling----surprising5,prone to ----liable to suffer from sth.6,incentives----sth.that encourages people to do sth.7,straining at the bit-----show great eagerness to do sth.8,run amok------behave wildly and violently9,cloned----to produce an exact copy of an animal or a plant from its cells10,shoring up----help support sth. that is weak or going to failV at home rather than to visit old friends.;/。

研究生英语课后答案

Unit1Reading MoreKey to ExercisesT ask 1１）nonmonetary 2) recognizing 3) due 4) adhere 5) considered 6) self-affirmation 7) impede 8) thirst 9) discharging 10) rendering 11) serve 12) ceremonies 13) a part 14) commit 15) attendV ocabulary in ActionT ask 11. A. observed (v. to see and notice something)B. observed (v. to say or write what you have noticed about a situation)C. observing (v. to do what you are supposed to do according to a law or agreement)2. A. Labels (n. a piece of paper or other material that is attached to something and givesinformation about it)B. labeled (v. to attach a label onto something or write information on something)C. labeled (v. to use a word or phrase to describe someone or something, but often unfairly orcorrectly)3. A. engage (v. to be doing or to become involved in an activity)B. was engaged (v. to employ someone to do a particular job)C. engaged (v. having agreed to marry)D. engaging (adj. pleasant and attractive)4. A. attributed (v. to believe or say that a situation or event is caused by something)B. attributes (n. a quality or feature, especially one that is considered to be good or useful)C. attributed (v. to believe or say that someone was responsible for saying or writing something,i.e. painting a famous picture, etc.)5. A. Driving (v. to make a car, truck, bus, etc. move along in a desired path)B. drive (n. an effort to achieve something, especially an effort by an organization for aparticular purpose)C. drive (n. determination and energy to succeed)6. A. exercise (n. physical activities that you do in order to stay healthy and become stronger)B. exercises (n. a set of questions in a book that test a student's knowledge or skill)C. exercise (v. to use a power, right, or quality that you have)7. A. term (n. a fixed period of time during which someone does something or somethinghappens)B. term (n. one of the periods of time that the school or university year is divided into)C. termed (v. to give a name to or describe something with a particular expression)8. A. discharged (v. to officially allow someone to leave somewhere, especially the hospitalor the army, navy, etc., or to tell them that they must leave)B. discharge (v. to do or pay what you have a duty to do or pay)C. discharges (n. something coming from with another type of substance)9. A. minor (adj. small and not very important or serious, especially compared with other things)B. minored/minors (v. to study a second main subject as part of university degree)C. minors (n. someone who is below the age at which they become legally responsible for theiractions)10. A. stage (n. a particular time or state that something reaches as it grows or develops)B. stage (n. the raised area in a theatre which actors or singers stand on when they perform)C. stage (v. to organize a public event)11. A. fostering (v. to take someone else's child into your family for a period of time but withoutbecoming their legal parent)B. fosters (v. to help a skill, feeling, idea, etc. develop over a period of time)C. foster (adj. related by or concerned with fostering)12. A. firm (n. a business or company, especially a small one)B. firm (adj. strongly fixed in position, and not likely to move)C. firm (adj. behaving in a way showing that they are not going to change their mind, or thatthey are the person taking control)T ask 21. due to you as a bonus2. in recognition of his contributions to psychology3. serves a purpose4. attended to in due course5. takes precedence over all the others6. calls for a celebration7. thirsted for a few new books8. with reference to the job opening in your department9. Mary has a great diversity of interests10. committed themselves to boosting profitsPRACTICAL TRANSLATIONParagraph One“一年365天，一周7天，一天24小时，生意始终在进行，那意味着一年365天，7天，一天24小时，竞争也同样在进行，”豪特说，“公司取胜的方法之一就是要更快地到达‘目的地’!这就是说，你不仅要把所有能支持公司快速运转的功能都调动起来，而且还得知道如何决定‘目的地’是哪里。

[生活]研究生英语课后练习参考答案2.docx

Vocabulary:A.1.triggered2.economically3.minimummitment5.relieved6.shrinking7.enrollments8.scarcely9.sequence10.strideB.1.A2.D3.B4.C5.B6.A7.C9. CTRANSLATION:1.The professor might probably have delivered his lecture to the emptyclassroom in the absence of his solitary student.2.The present educational system has been under attack from the public, whohave begun to realize the harm the system has done to students・3.The professor told those seniors that he would take attendance every timebecause attendance at this course was compulsory.4.Fd love to go to your housewarming party, but Fm sorry I can't make itbecause Fve got a stack of things to do.5.Youths who dropped out of middle school can resume their studies at nightschool or through television and correspondence courses.6.She didn't like the famous writer's lecture, but she stuck it out to get thewriter^ autograph after the lecture・7.I was disappointed at the impersonality of the lecture system, but eventuallyI grew resigned to the system and waited patiently to become a junior& We have to admit that the lecture system insulates a teacher from students9 naive questions, which could have triggered a line of useful thought.9.I don't agree with those critics9 opinions・ Your conclusions are far fromworthless; instead, they make a good deal of sense to me.10.For the sake of the students, they should be told on the first class about theobjective and content of the course and the requirements to pass it.Unit 3A1.primeponents3.derived4.biodiversity5.monoculture6.uncounted7.multiplied& captivity9.legislation10.conservator!B1. A2. C3. D4. B5. D6. A7. C8. B9. B10.DTRANSLATION1.The threat to humanity and the planet posed by biodiversity loss is as greatas the dangers presented by climate change・2.We are always happy to hear from young readers expressing concern foranimals in captivity and asking what they can do to help.3.The two most popular theories both say that dinosaurs died out because ofchanges in the earth's atmosphere and temperature・4.The forest fire was finally brought under control by the fire-fighting crews ata cost of nearly half a million dollars.5.Plant roots can hold the soil in position and prevent it from being washedaway by the rain water.6.Healthy ecosystems are characterized by sustainable turnovers of energy,nutrients, organic matter and water7.In a new report by the WWF, scientists have warned that global warmingcould kill off polar bears within the next 20 years.& Plowed fields don't have any protection against running water, and often the valuable topsoil is carried away during heavy rains or floods・9.The garden was considerably quieter than it had been the previous two days,but there were still a good variety of birds around.10.While estimates differ, it is generally believed that around 30%-40% of theactive ingredients used in modern medicines are derived from, or related to, plants.Unit 4Vocabulary:A.1 ・ institutional2.burgeoning3.envision4.marginal5.encompass6.outsource7.prowess& shunned9.assimilating10.forgoB.l.B2.C3.A4.D5.A6.B7.D8.C9.C10.ATRANSLATION1.Having practiced for about 5 years, he is now adept at legal issues relating tointernational investment and trade.2.According to a survey, Gen Xers are skeptical about relying on SocialSecurity when they retire・ They began saving for retirement earlycompared with their predecessors・3.All the cares and stresses of your day seem to fade away under the relaxingand comfortable treatment of foot massage.4.Studies show that most employees place a high value on being recognized orbeing complemented for a job well done.5.Emergency rooms were clogged with patients who came for treatment ofrelatively routine medical problems because they didn't have aregular doct o 匚6.Anyone trying to coach or help a new technical manager make the transitionto a leadership role can get useful ideas from this book.7.Most of the time when you take a short cut for completing a project you willend up doing some repair work later that will take double the time you saved by the short cut.& Employees who fail to set appropriate boundaries between their personal and professional lives will not be able to understand the meaning of life andwork.9.The purpose of the exercise was to train staff to react in a disciplined andprofessional manner when in the presence of dange匚10.Most Gen Xers have the desire to forgo career advancement for more timewith their wife and children, especially in the early years of their children's lives・UNIT 5A1.reproduction2.parenting3.setbackpensate5.subsidy6.longevity7.offset8.avail9.norms10.constraints1. A2. D3. B4. C5. A6. A7. B8. D9. C10.CTRANSLATION1.It is considered desirable for young people to get married and settle downonly after they are established in their jobs.2.Her husband is a very domestic person, spending a lot of time everyday incooking, cleaning and caring for their three school-agechildren.3.Today's young people have completely different values and expectationsfrom their parents, giving higher priority to personal pleasure over familyobligations・4.F TORI society's viewpoint, it does not make sense for women, much less welleducated women, to be full-time homemakers for a lifetime.5.Singles in their twenties see cohabitation as a way to investigate aprospective partner's character and habits before marriage・ But premarital cohabitation has proven to be associated with a higher divorce rate.6.In the interest of child welfare, government should institute policies toprovide part-time, temporary and flextime job opportunities and paidparental leave for parents.7.With an eye toward forming strong and lasting marital unions, couplesshould make allowances for each other, when there is friction between them.8.Given the high divorce rate, married mothers leave the labor market for anextended period of time at their own peril一they will suffer severe economic loss if their marriage ends in divorce.9.The bond between child and parent is a very special one・ Money can notmake up for the sacrifices parents have made for their children.10.Increasing gender equality in the work force provides women historically with unprecedented opportunities for personal fulfillment in their careers・Unit 8A1.perpetuation2.impoverished3.conjured4.preconceptions5.substitute6.chary7.toppled8.economize9.blurry10.prejudgeB1. D2. A3. B4. C5. A6. D7. C9. B10.CTRANSLATION1. A lazy person is apt to get his mind impoverished because he doesn't makeuse of his intelligence all the time.2.This photo conjures up memories of my carefree school days・3.He realizes now he's been typecast as an executive errand boy.4.The goal of the association is to perpetuate the skills of traditional furnituredesign.5.Stereotypes economize on our mental effort by covering up the blooming,buzzing confusion with big recognizable cutouts.6.The true process of change is a slow one that adds bits and pieces of realityto the pictures in our heads, until gradually they take on some of theblurriness of life itself.7.The famous actress said to the reporter that she was perfectly happy untilfame was thrust upon hei;8.One of his intimate friends warns him that he is in danger of losing all hismoney if he continues to buy useless items.9.Having delved deeply into all aspects of the project, they find that there isevery prospect of success・专业好文档精心整理欢迎下载。

研究生学术英语课后习题答案

Unit 1英译汉：15Outlines are essential to effective speeches.By outlining, you make sure that related ideas are together, that your thoughts flow from one to another, and that the structure of your speech is coherent. You will probably use two kinds of outlines for your speeches--the detailed preparation outline and the brief speaking outline.发言提纲是有效发言的基础。

通过写发言提纲，你可以确保你的想法是关联的，你的思路从一点谈到另一点，你的讲话结构是连贯的，通常准备演讲你可以采用两种提纲方式：详细准备提纲和简单发言提纲。

In a preparation outline, you should state your specific purpose and central idea, and identify main points and sub--points using a consistent pattern. The speaking outline sho uld consist of brief notes to help you while you deliver the speech. It should contain key words or phrases to bolster your memory. In making up your speaking outline, follow the same visual framework used in your preparation outline. Keep the speaking outline as brief as possible and be sure it is plainly legible在准备提纲中，应该写出你的特定目的及中心思想，并以连贯的方式确定主要观点和次要观点。

研究生英语课后练习整理答案

lesson 61.Welcome to the topsy-turvy world of tobacco, where nothing much makes sense except the vast profits, where tobacco-company executives slip-slide along the continuum from aggrieved Innocence to heartfelt regret without breaking a sweat, and where the only people who seem to be able to shoot straight are the jurors who decide the ubiquitous lawsuits.欢迎来到乌七八糟的烟草世界。

在这里，除了巨大的利益，没有什么具有重要意义；在这里，烟草公司的负责人不费吹灰之力就能穿梭于不同角色之间，从表现愤愤不平的无辜转而变为诚心诚意的悔过；在这里，似乎惟一能够言行正直的人就是那些判定随处可见的烟草诉讼案的陪审员们。

2. The jurors—who gave up two years of their lives, listened to endless witnesses and yet deliberated only a few hours—could be forgiven if they felt they'd fallen down Alice's rabbit hole into Wonderland, where the Queen of Hearts cries "Off with their heads" but no one is ever executed.这些陪审员放弃了生命中的两年时光，聆听了无数证人证言，却仅用了几个小时就商议定案。

研究生-基础综合英语-课后习题及答案

研究生-基础综合英语-课后习题及答案Unit 1 Education1. 问答题1) The F word discussed in the essay is flunking.2) Sherry’s attitude toward the F word is positive.3) What reasons does the author give for believing that the threat of flunking students is a positive teaching tool?Flunking is a healthy threat to students and can ensure the education quality. By contrast, Many students are angry and resentful for having been passed along until they could no longer even pretend to keep up.4) What choice does the author want to give to students? Why is she particularly interested in the subject?The choice for students is whether to succeed through hard work or to fail without the threat of being flunked. The author is particularly interested in this subject because she herself teaches an adult-literacy class and her own son improved greatly after being threatened with flunking by a strict teacher5) In what sense does the author think that the educational system cheats the students and employers?The present educational system is not strict enough with students so that they can easily graduate with diplomas. However, many of them find that they are incompetent for their jobs because of their semi-illiteracy6) Why have students at night school decided to make education a priority? Because they are motivated by the desire for a better job or the need to hang on to the one they’ve got7) What is the point of this essay? What does it have to do with the subject of learning?The essay aims at urging students to take a positive attitude towards flunking because working hard at school will eventually help students to be qualified for their future jobs.2. 词汇题1) This research seems to lend some validity（有力的）to the theory that the durg might cause cancer.2) In a number of developing countries, war has been an additional impediment（障碍）to progress.3) Anthea was about to play her trump card（王牌卡）: without her signature none of the money could be released.4) I flunked（挂科）my second year exams and was lucky not to be thrown out of college5) I didn’t want to lose my composure（镇静）in front of her.16) The management did not seem to consider office safety to be a priority（优先）.7) For three hours a committee of state senators listened toa parade（一系列）of local residents giving their opinions8) Thousands of lives will be at stake（在危机关头）if emergency aid does not arrive in the city soon.9) Brierley’s book has the merit（优点）of being both informative and readable10) I think there was a conspiracy（阴谋）to keep me out of the committee3. 改写题1) These diplomas won’t look any different from those awarded their luckier classmates.resemblance(n.)These diplomas bear a close resemblance to those awardedtheir luckier classmates. 2) I blamed the poor academic skills our kids have today on drugs.accusation (n.)My accusation against our kids for their poor academic skills was that they took drugs.3) Eventually a fortunate few will find their way into educational-repair shops.enroll (v.)Eventually a fortunate few enroll into educational-repair shops.4) However, if style alone won’t do it, there is another way to show.work (v.)However, if this style won’t work, there is another way to show.5)We excuse this dishonest behavior by saying kids can’t learn if they come from terrible environments.excuse (n.)Our excuse for this dishonest behavior is that kids can’t learn if they come from terrible environments.6) Tens of thousands of 18-years-olds will graduate this year and be handed meaningless diplomas.grant (v.)Tens of thousands of 18-year-olds will graduate this year and be granted meaningless diplomas.4. 翻译题1) Our youngest, a world-class charmer, did little to develop hisintellectual talents but always got by. Until Mrs. Stifter.我的小儿子是个世界级的万人迷，学习不怎么动脑筋却总能蒙混过关。

研究生学术英语课后习题答案

研究生学术英语课后习题答案Unit 1英译汉：15Outlines are essential to effective speeches.By outlining, you make sure that related ideas are together, that your thoughts flow from one to another, and that the structure of your speech is coherent. You will probably use two kinds of outlines for your speeches--the detailed preparation outline and the brief speaking outline.发言提纲是有效发言的基础。

In a preparation outline, you should state your specific purpose andcentral idea, and identify main points and sub--points using a consistent pattern. The speaking outline should consist of brief notes to help you while you deliver the speech. It should contain key words or phrases to bolster your memory. In making up your speaking outline, follow the same visual framework used in your preparation outline. Keep the speaking outline as brief aspossible and be sure it is plainly legible在准备提纲中，应该写出你的特定目的及中心思想，并以连贯的方式确定主要观点和次要观点。

研究生英语课后习题答案

1-5BABCD 6-10CDBCB 1.在人情冷漠的环境中(如孤儿院，某些寄养家庭，或缺乏关爱的家庭)长大的孩子会出现情感和社会性发育不良，语言和运动技能迟缓，以及精神健康问题。 2.从别的方面来说，自我喜欢的人更乐于接受批评，对别人的要求也不那么苛刻。 3.爱像雪崩，你必须快跑才能活命。 4.几百年来爱都是灵感、俏皮的揶揄、甚至是政治活动的来源。 5.许多研究者觉得爱没有一个唯一的定义，它有程度和强度之分，并且跨越了社会背景。 6.爱，特别是长久的爱，和我们从好莱坞、电视、或爱情小说中获得的对爱和狂热的性爱的印象完全不同。 7.有些伴侣们轮流来“搅燕麦粥”。 8.实证研究发现，是文化标准和价值观而非命运，将人们连系在一起。
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9.甚至在13岁之前，情感经历就由社会和群体的活动和期望所决定和塑造起来了。 shape；n.形状；模型；状态；身材 vt.塑造；使符合；体现 vi.使成形；形成 form；n.形状，形式；外形；方式；表格 vt.形成；构成；组织；塑造 vi.形成，产生；排队，整队 result from；产生于…，由…引起 develop；vt.& vi.开发；发展；（使）成长；（使）发育 vt.[棋类]出（子）；[音乐]（通过旋律、节奏等的变化来）展开（音乐主题、情节、动机等）；开发（土地、资源等）；[生物学]使进化 n.开发，研制 vi.（国家独立后在经济、社会、政治等方面）发展；生长；[摄影术]显影；显现 succeed；vi.成功；继承 vt.继承，继任，继位；随…之后
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3.它可能是浪漫的，令人激动的，让人着迷的，或者是非理性的。 obsessive；adj.着迷的；急迫的；强迫性的 impatient；adj.不耐烦的；热切的，渴望的；不能容忍的，恼火的 polished；adj.磨光的，擦亮的；完美的，精良的；优雅的 v.使光滑，擦亮（polish的过去式和过去分词） compulsive；adj.极有趣的；令人着迷的；因着迷而引起的；强迫性的 adv.极有趣地，令人着迷地，强迫性地 spiritual；adj.精神的；心灵的；高尚的，崇高的；宗教的 n.圣歌（尤指美国南部黑人的）；教会事物

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vt.塑造；使符合；体现 vi.使成形；形成 form；n.形状，形式；外形；方式；表格 vt.形成；构成；组织；塑造 vi.形成，产生；排队，整队 result from；产生于…，由…引起 develop；vt.& vi.开发；发展；（使）成长；（使）发育
vt.[棋类]出（子）；[音乐]（通过旋律、节奏等的变化来）展开（音乐主题、情节、动机等）；开发（土地、资源等）；[生物学]使进化
1-5BABCD 6-10CDBCB 1.在人情冷漠的环境中(如孤儿院，某些寄养家庭，或缺乏关爱的家庭)长
大的孩子会出现情感和社会性发育不良，语言和运动技能迟缓，以及精神健康问题。 2.从别的方面来说，自我喜欢的人更乐于接受批评，对别人的要求也不那么苛刻。 3.爱像雪崩，你必须快跑才能活命。 4.几百年来爱都是灵感、俏皮的揶揄、甚至是政治活动的来源。 5.许多研究者觉得爱没有一个唯一的定义，它有程度和强度之分，并且跨越了社会背景。 6.爱，特别是长久的爱，和我们从好莱坞、电视、或爱情小说中获得的对爱和狂热的性爱的印象完全不同。 7.有些伴侣们轮流来“搅燕麦粥”。 8.实证研究发现，是文化标准和价值观而非命运，将人们连系在一起。
vi.许诺；有指望，有前途 n.许诺；希望，指望；允诺的东西
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5.管是哪种类型的爱，关心另一方是非常必要的。虽然爱可能包含激情的渴望，然而相互尊重才是更重要的品质。
yearning；n.思念，渴望 adj.思念的，渴望的 v.渴望，切盼，向往（ yearn的现在分词）
involvement；n.牵连，参与；加入；财政困难；牵连的事务，复杂的情况
commitment；n.承诺，许诺；委任，委托；致力，献身；承担义务；信奉；忠诚
relationship；n.关系；联系；浪漫关系；血缘关系 fidelity；n.忠诚，忠实；逼真；保真度；尽责 accommodation；n.住处；适应；便利；和解 promise；vt.允诺，许诺；给人以……的指望或希望
n.开发，研制 vi.（国家独立后在经济、社会、政治等方面）发展；生长；[摄影术]显影；显现 succeed；vi.成功；继承 vt.继承，继任，继位；随…之后
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10.一旦欲望消失了，失望的恋人就会诧异原来他们关系中的“火花”去哪儿了，他们可能会很遗憾地(而且渴望地)怀念“过去的美好时光”。
和……一般多 n.很少数
indefinite；adj.无限期的，无限期的；不明确的，模糊的；模糊的；[语]不定的 numerous；adj.很多的，许多的；数量庞大的数量庞大的；数不清的 untimely；adj.不适时的，不合时宜的；过早的
adv.过早地，不合时宜地
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9.甚至在13岁之前，情感经历就由社会和群体的活动和期望所决定和塑造起来了。 shape；n.形状；模型；状态；身材
2020/4/8
8.它是付账单，倒垃圾，刷马桶，孩子生病时守夜，以及完成其他各种各样不那么性感的“搅燕麦粥”的任务。
myriad；adj.无数的；多种的，各式各样的 n.无数，极大数量；[古语] 一万
few；adj.很少的；很少；（与复数名词和复数动词连用）有些；几乎没有的 pron.很少；有些（人、事物、地方）；（与复数动词连用）少数人；不
v.使光滑，擦亮（polish的过去式和过去分词） compulsive；adj.极有趣的；令人着迷的；因着迷而引起的；强迫性的
adv.极有趣地，令人着迷地，强迫性地 spiritual；adj.精神的；心灵的；高尚的，崇高的；宗教的
n.圣歌（尤指美国南部黑人的）；教会事物
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4.而且，说自己“处于恋爱中”的人们重视相互之间的关心、亲密和忠诚。
vt.过时；使…显老；显示出…时代（或年龄）；鉴定…的年代
vt.& vi.与人约会，相约
vi.属于某一特定时期；从某时起计算日期；记载日期；注有（或注明）日期
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respect；vt.尊重；尊敬；关心；遵守 n.尊重，恭敬；敬意；某方面
important；adj.重要的，重大的；显要的，权威的；有势力的；有地位的
reminisce；vi.& vt.追忆 revive；vt.使复活，使恢复；使振奋，复原；使再生，使重新流行；唤
醒，唤起 vi.复苏，恢复；振作，恢复；再生，重新流行；再生效力
reveal；vt.显露；揭露；泄露；[神]启示 n.揭示，展现；[建]门侧，窗侧
recall；vt.叫回，召回；使想起，回想；取消；调回工厂 n.召回，唤回；记忆力，回想；罢免；收回通告
3) Respect 4) important
5) whomever
6) candidates 7) highly
8) essential
9) suitable
10) sufficient
prerequisite；n.先决条件，前提，必要条件
adj.必须先具备的，必要的；先决条件的
date；n.日期，日子；约会；时代，年代；（北非和西亚常见的海枣树的）海枣
record；vt.& vi.记录，记载；标明；将…录音 vi.记录；录音 adj.创记录的
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Task 2
Task 2
1. maintained (a) 2. romantic (a) 3. essential (a)
4. essentials (c)
5. dimension (c) 6. intimate (a) 7. maintains (c) 8. defies (b)
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力的，能胜任的，够资格的 n.足够（的量）
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dimension；n.尺寸；[复]面积，范围；[物]量纲；[数]次元，度，维 adj.（石料，木材）切成特定尺寸的 vt.把……刨成（或削成）所需尺寸；标出尺寸
romantic；adj.浪漫的，谈情说爱的，多情的，风流的，香艳的；空想的，虚构的，怪诞的，想入非非的，不实际的，难实行的（计划等）；传奇（式）的，小说般的，情节离奇的；浪漫主义的 n.富于浪漫气息的人；浪漫主义作家[画家等]，浪漫派诗人[艺术家]；浪漫思想[行为]
manipulative；adj.巧妙处理的；操作的；用手处理的；管理的 resistant；adj.有抵抗力的，抵抗的；顽固的
n.抵抗者；有抵抗力的东西；防染剂，防腐剂 jealous；adj.妒忌的，妒羡的；猜疑的，留意堤防的；爱惜的，戒备的；
精心守护的 tremendous；adj.极大的，巨大的；可怕的，惊人的；极好的
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9.在青少年早期，同伴们的标准也会影响青少年决定哪些情感关系是可以接受的(“你想和谁约会?”)。
10.一旦欲望消失了，失望的恋人就会诧异原来他们关系中的“火花”去哪儿了，他们可能会很遗憾地(而且渴望地)怀念“过去的美好时光”。
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1.虽然这样的话听起来似乎有些以自我为中心，实际上却是相当有见地。 insightful；adj.富有洞察力的，有深刻见解的 perceptive；adj.有知觉力的；感知的；有理解力的 insignificant；adj.不重要的；微小的；毫无意义的；不足道 superstitious；adj.迷信的；有迷信观念的 respectful；adj.有礼貌的；恭敬的；殷勤的 2.从别的方面来说，自我喜欢的人更乐于接受批评，对别人的要求也不
desire；vt.希望；渴望；要求；请求 n.愿望；欲望；希望；请求 vi.有希望；期望；愿望；想望
conscience；n.良心；道德心 ache；n.疼痛
vi.疼痛；渴望
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6.反而成为一种不健康的或者是具有占有欲的依赖，而这会限制爱的双方在社会、情感和智力方面的发展。
possessive；adj.所有（权）的；占有的；所属关系的；所有格的 n.<语>所有格；占有；占有欲 adv.占有地；所属关系地
那么苛刻。 demanding of;要求，苛刻 exacting of;严格，苛求，艰苦 caring for;照顾 ,关心，关怀 disapproving of;反对，不赞成 concerned with；关心；涉及；忙于；与……有关
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3.它可能是浪漫的，令人激动的，让人着迷的，或者是非理性的。 obsessive；adj.着迷的；急迫的；强迫性的 impatient；adj.不耐烦的；热切的，渴望的；不能容忍的，恼火的 polished；adj.磨光的，擦亮的；完美的，精良的；优雅的
candidates；n.报考者（ candidate的名词复数）；申请求职者；攻读学位者；最后命运或结局如何已显然可见者
n.必需品；基本要素；必不可少的东西
suitable；adj.合适的，适当的，适宜的，恰当的 sufficient；adj.足够的，充足的；[逻辑学]（条件）必然的；〈古〉有能
9. intimated (d) (b)
10. dimensions (a) 11. defy (a)
12. romantic
13. dimensions (b) 14. maintain (d) 15. intimate (c)
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Task 3
1) prerequisite 2) date
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7.这些误解常常会导致不现实的期望、固定模式或幻觉破灭。 disillusionment；n.幻灭；醒悟 disapproval；n.不赞同，反对；非 disappearance；n.消失，不见；消散；失踪；出走，一去不返 discourage；vt.使气馁；使沮丧；阻碍；劝阻 disenchantment；n.觉醒，清醒

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