中国文化翻译

儒家学说 Confucianism 墨家、法家 Mohism, Legalism 孔子、孟子 Confucius, Mencius 核心思想、言行、行为准则 core of thought, words and deeds, code of behavior 仁、义、忠、恕 benevolence, justice, allegiance, forbearance 中庸之道 the doctrine of the golden mean (see the explanation on
中国哲学春秋时期基本形成，百家争鸣的战国时期得以 蓬勃发展。
Chinese philosophy began to take definite shapes during the Spring and Autumn Period and enjoyed thriving development because of the emergence of the “a hundred schools of thought contend” during the Warring States period.
非命、非攻 oppose fatalism, oppose aggressive wars 节用（厉行节约）、节葬 uphold thriftiness, uphold simple funerals 韩非子 Han Fei Zi 官僚制度 bureaucracy 两汉经学 the orthodox philosophy during the Han Dynasty 汉武帝 Emperor Wudi (of Han Dynasty) “罢黜百家，独尊儒术” ban all schools of thought except Confucianism 官学 orthodox school 正统哲学 orthodox philosophy
中庸之道主张，待人接物要不偏不倚、调和折中。
The golden mean advocates impartiality, reconciliation and compromise in one’s approach to people or matters.
Page 19: 孔子的（儒家的） Confucian 道、天道、人道 Dao/Tao (the Way as the noumenon of the cosmos), the Heavenly
responses in Heaven. 君权神授。 The power of the emperors is authorized by Heaven. (It is intended for deceiving the ordinary people.) 无为 / 顺其自然。 Let things/nature take their/its own course and do nothing.
法家坚持认为，矛盾无处不在，矛盾双方可以互相转换。 The Legalists hold that contradiction is present everywhere,
and the two sides of a contradiction are inchangeable. 儒家学说成为官学，成为中国历朝历代封建统治的思想
Way, the Human Way 老子、《道德经》 Lao Zi/Lao-Tse, Dao De Jing/Tao Te Ching 无为而治 achieving good government through non-action 兼爱 universal love 尚贤 honor virtuous people
儒家学说倡导仁、义、忠、恕以及中庸之道，重视人的 伦理关系。
Confucianism advocates benevolence and justice, allegiance and forbearance, and the doctrine of the golden mean, and values the ethical relations of men.
中国哲学已经成为世界三大哲学体系之一，其他两个为 西方哲学和印度哲学。
Chinese philosophy has become one of the three philosophy systems in the world, the other two being Western philosophy and Indian philosophy.
Part II
Chinese Culture, Education, Science and
Technology
P. 17:
儒教、道教、佛教 Confucianism, Taoism, Buddhism, 四大发明 Four Great Inventions 非竞技体育运动（如太极拳、武术） non-competitive sports (such as tai chi and wushu) 竞技体育运动 competitive sports
道家提倡的信念是，人应该生活简单，莫要争利、争名、 争权，这些东西只能给人带来烦恼和麻烦。
Taoism promotes the belief that a person should live a simple life, not to strive for wealth, fame or power, which will only give one worries and trouble.
基础。
Confucianism became an orthodox school [that served as the ideological foundation of the feudal rule throughout the dynasties in China].
天人感应。 Heaven affects human affairs and human behavior finds
Chapter 2 Philosophy and Religions
P.18:
思想流派 schools of thought 基本形成、得以蓬勃发展 take definite shapes, enjoy thriving development 百家争鸣 a hundred schools of thought contend 中国古代哲学 ancient Chinese Philosophy 先秦子学 the philosophy in pre-Qin times(?)
儒家学说是以孔子和孟子为代表人物的思想学派。
Confucianism is a school of thought represented by Confucius and Mencius.
儒家学说以孔子的学说为核心思想，将孔子的言行奉为 最高行为准则。
Confucianism takes the teachings of Confucius as its core of thought and regards the words and deeds of Confucius as its highest code of behavior.
五经：《诗》（诗经/诗三百）、《书》（尚书/书经）、 《礼》（周礼；周公旦）、《易》（易经/周易）、 《春秋》
The Five Classics (collected and compiled by Confucius): The Book of Poetry/Songs/Odes, The Book of History, The Book of Rites, The Book of Changes, and The Spring and Autumn Annals）
有无、本末 existence vs nonexistence, essentials vs nonessentials 佛学 Buddhist philosophy 主客观 the subjective and the objective 理学、理学学派、心学学派、实学 Neo-Confucianism, the School of Principle, the School of
儒学的影响极其显著，所以“儒家（文化）”一词就可 以直接代表中国的传统生活与文化。
The influence of Confucianism is so predominant that the word “Confucian” can directly represent traditional Chinese life and culture.
道家主张的学说是，“道”即万物的道路、原则、本质 和标准，世人皆须遵守。（道家主张这样的学说， 即……）
Taoism advocates the doctrine that the Dao is the course, the principle, the substance, and the standard of all things, to which all people must conform.
p.18) 伦理关系 ethical relations
中国哲学的发展自成一体，独立于西方国家和其它文明 国家，具有显著的特点、独一无二的观念体系和表达方 式。
Chinese philosophy developed independent of European and other civilized countries, with its own distinguishing features, unique concept systems and expressive ways.
Page 20： 玄学
metaphysics 《易经》
The Book of Changes (one of the Five Classics) （“四书五经”： 四书：《大学》、《中庸》、《论语》、《孟子》
The Four Books: The Great Learning, The Doctrine of the Mean, The Confucian Analects, The Works of Mencius
国与国之间的教育交流得到鼓励。 International educational exchange has been fostered.
中国传统的非竞技体育运动（太极拳、武术等）与现代 奧林匹克竞技体育运动得以共同发展。
Traditional Chinese non-competitive sports (tai chi, wushu, etc.) exist side by side with modern Olympic sports.
Βιβλιοθήκη Baidu
近些年，中国的教育事业发生了翻天覆地的变化。如今， 中国的教育能够满足全体人民的需要，尽管其年龄、背 景或课程的选择各有不同。
Education in China has changed dramatically in recent years. It can now meet the needs of all people, regardless of age, background, or choice of subjects.