定语从句1
定语从句(1)
定语从句一．定语从句的定义：所谓定语从句，就是用一个句子来做定语来修饰一个名词，其中被修饰的名词叫做先行词，连接先行词和从句之间（或者说引导定语从句）的词语叫做关系词，关系词分为关系代词和关系副词。
其中常见的关系代词有：that,which,who,whom,whose,as,but,than;常见的关系副词有：why,when,where.（注意：what，how，whether，if和特殊疑问词+ever不能引导定语从句）。
二．如何选择定语从句的连接词：首先明确先行词是什么，然后找到后面的从句，把从句单独拿出来分析，看一看先行词在句子中做什么成分，根据语法选择连接词。
Eg:He tried to escape from the prison that/which was builtin the Middle Age .分析：1.找先行词：prison 2.把prison放入从句中可以看到prison在从句中是做主语，即the prison was built in the Middle Age .而在定语从句中能充当主语的连接词一般情况下是that和which，于是就能选出连接词了。
三．连接词的用法：1.that：可以修饰人和物，在从句中作主语或宾语,表语，做宾语的时候一般情况下可以省略。
Eg: She is a girl who/that has long hair.(在从句中做主语) Is this the news (that)/which you wanted to tell me yesterday?(在从句中做宾语，可以省略that)He is no longer a kind-hearted man that he used to be(在从句中做表语)注意：1）that可以用于表示时间、地点、方式、理由的名词后取代when, where, why和"介词+ which"引导的定语从句，在口语中that常被省略，例如：His father died in the year (that / when / in which) he was born. 他父亲在他出生那年逝世了。
定语从句关系代词关系副词非限制性定语从句(1)
定语从句（一）--------关系代词的用法一．定语从句的概念在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。
被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词，定语从句一般放在先行词的后面。
引导定语从句的词叫做关系词。
关系词有三个作用：1、引导定语从句;2、代替先行词；3、在定语从句中担当一个成分。
二、定语从句的关系词引导定语从句的关系词有关系代词和关系副词，常见的关系代词包括that，which，who，whom和whose，关系副词包括where，when，why等。
Mary likes music that is quiet and gentle.玛丽喜欢轻柔的音乐。
（that作主语）The coat （that）I put on the desk is blue.（that作宾语）The building which stands near the train station is a supermarket. （作主语）The film （which）we saw last night was wonderful. （作宾语）3. who指人在从句中做主语或宾语，作主语不可省略，作宾语可省略。
例如：The boys who are playing football are from Class One.翻译：指人，在定语从句中充当宾语，常用who代替，可省略。
例如：Mr. Ling is just the man whom I want to see.翻译：5..whose通常指人，也可指物，在定语从句中做定语(1) He has a friend whose father is a doctor.(2) I once lived in a house whose roof has fallen in.(3) The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired.(4) The classroom the door of which is broken will soon be repaired.(5) Do you like the book whose cover is yellow(6) Do you like the book the color of which is yellow2. 关系词只能用that的情况：a. 先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰，或本身是序数词、基数词、形容词最高级时;例如：He was the first person that passed the exam. 他是第一个通过考试的人。
英语语法：定语从句(1)
主语；宾语 作宾语可省 主语；宾语 宾语 定语 作宾语可省 可省 不可省
关系代词:
1. who指人,作主语或宾语 (作宾语可省略）
The man who I talked with is our teacher. A person who steals things is called a thief.
限制性定语从句的构成
The old lady who lives next to us sells books. You should do all that I said. I have found the teather whom I am looking for . I visited the factory where my father works. 1.从句位置及语序 先行词 之后,用陈述式语序 “….的” 关系词
The lady is Green. We saw her yesterday.
Who/that
The lady
we saw her yesterday is Green
关系代词的用法
指 代 That Which Who Whom whose 人；物 物
人 人 人、物
所作成分 主语；宾语
是否可省略 作宾语可省
先行词 关系词 从句
which、that 是关系代词，它在从句中代替 先行词the building，同时担任从句中的主语， 也起连词的作用，把两个简单句连接 起来。
限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句 The Restrictive Attributive Clause 限制性定语从句（无逗号）
定 语 从 The Non-Restrictive Attributive 句 Clause 非限制性定语从句（有逗号）
高中英语必修一语法讲解 定语从句(1)
，定语从句（1）概念引入：She is the girl who sings best of all.她是所有人中唱得最好的。
This is the best film that I have ever seen.这部电影是我看过的最好的一部。
He had failed in the maths exam, which made his father very angry .他数学考试没有及格，这使他的父亲很生气。
Give me the b ook whose cover is green.把那本儿绿皮儿的书给我。
定语从句是我们初中学过的一项语法，上面这些句子与你初中学的有差别吗？是不是有点不同呢？从这个单元开始，我们将学习定语从句的升级版，但还是从头开始学哟。
语法点拨【高清课堂：定语从句一 P1】定语从句的定义 Do you know the girl who came here yesterday? 你认识昨天来的那个女孩吗？The book which he bought the day before yesterday is very good .他前天买的那本书很棒。
He is the man whom we should learn from . 他就是我们应该学习的人。
Her friend whose home is very far came to see her . 她的那位家很远的朋友来看她了。
其中粗体的部分就是定语从句，划横线的部分叫做先行词，也就是被定语从句修饰的词。
定语从句：修饰一个名词或代词的从句称为定语从句，一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词后 面。
先行词：被定语从句修饰的名词或代词。
关系词：上面例子中的关系代词 who, whom, which, that 是用来引导定语从句的连接词。
这些连接词代替先行词在从句中担任一个成分，如主语、宾语或表语。
例如：Those students who study in this school are good at football.（who 代替先行词 students 在从句中充当主语）There is still mu ch homework which we must finish.（which 代替先行词 homework 在从句中充当宾语）关系代词引导的定语从句I. who 和 whom1. who 和 whom 代表人, 当先行词在从句中作主语时用 who 引导，作宾语时用 whom 引导。
高一英语语法——定语从句(1) 教案
一. 教学内容：语法——定语从句〔1〕什么是定语？定语是用来修饰名词或代词的，对其起修饰限制作用。
被修饰的词叫先行词。
英语中可以作定语的词包括形容词〔短语〕，介词短语，非谓语动词等。
→ a pretty girl→ a bottle full of water→the book on the table→the girl standing over there→the school built in 1970此外，句子也可以作定语，也就是定语从句。
→the girl who is standing over there.→the school that was built in 1970.引导词：关系代词和关系副词特点：①连接作用：引导从句，把它和主句连接起来。
②替代作用：在从句中替代它前面的先行词。
③成分作用：在从句中充当句子成分。
关系代词：that, which, who, whom, whose→A plane is a machine that can fly. (指物，作主语)→The noodles (that) I cooked were delicious.〔指物，作宾语〕→Shanghai is no longer the city that it used to be. (指物，作表语)→Let’s ask the man that is reading the book over there.〔指人，作主语〕→The girl (that) we saw yesterday is Jim’s sister. 〔指人，作宾语〕→They planted the trees which didn’t need much water. 〔指物，作主语〕→The fish (which) we bought were not fresh.〔指物，作宾语〕→The boy who broke the window is called Michael.〔指人，作主语〕→The person (whom/who) you talked to is my math teacher. 〔指人，作宾语〕→Miss Flower is the teacher whose house caught fire last week.〔指人，作主语〕→This is the house whose window broke last night. 〔指物，作主语〕英语中，定语从句分限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。
定语从句 1 高中英语定语从句 与非限制性定语从句 relative clause
做主语不可省略 做宾语可省略
whose
Whose book is this ? It is Mary’s book.
Mary is a good uploader. Her videos are of great use.
non-defining
extra information
My uncle is a dentist, who plays tennis every week.
先行词是否明确
不明确----需要定语从句（defining relative clause)限制修
饰，让所指更具体
He is a person. Hi is a person who is really warm-hearted. 明确------可以用非限制从（non-defining relative clause)
she= who
3.合并句子，注意关系代词通常紧跟在名词之后，表示两者的修饰 关系。
I met a woman who can speak six languages.
I met a woman who can speak six languages.
先行词
关系词
从句使用陈述语序
关系代词： who,that.which whose,whom
wanted met
object 宾语
a bag some money some books some people
定语/关系从句就是...
本质上具有形容词修饰作用的句子，用来修饰 名词/代词/句子 I know a writer who is from Japan.
初中英语定语从句1关系代词引导定语从句讲解-练习及答案
定语从句1——关系代词引导的定语从句一、考点、热点回顾【词汇辨析】1.every day & everydayevery day“每天”，作时间状语。
everyday是形容词，“每天的，日常的”。
eg: She learns some everyday English every day. 她每天学一些日常英语。
He goes to bed late every day. 他每天睡觉很晚。
2. between & amongbetween 常用于表示两者之间，或用于表示三者或三者以上的众多事物两两之间among一般指在三者或三者以上众多事物之中。
eg: Tom is between Ann and Mary. 汤姆在安和玛丽之间。
They talked among themselves while they waited. 他们一边等着一边互相谈话【固定搭配】to do / doing在英语中，有些动词或动词短语后既可以接不定式，也可以接动名词做宾语，但意思不同1.forget to do 忘记做某事I’m sorry I forgot to post the letter.forget doing 做过某事忘了 I forgot telling him the news the other day.2. stop to do 停下来做某事He stopped to talk to me when he saw me in the street yesterday.stop doing 停止做某事 Please stop talking loudly in the library.3.try to do 尽力做某事I’ll try to get there before sunset. 我将尽量在日落前赶到那里。
try doing 试着做某事Why not try knocking at the back door? 为什么不试一试敲后门？4.regret to do 遗憾地将做某事 I regret to say that I can’t go with you.regret doing 后悔做过某事I regret missing such a good chance of practising my spoken English.【关系代词引导的定语从句】（一）、定义：在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。
高一英语定语从句1(1)
3.This is the girl _f_r_o_m__ _w_h_o_m___I learned the news.
4.The person___t_o__ _w_h_o_m_ I spoke just now is the manager that I told you about.
This the book whose cover is red.
=This the book the cover of which is red.
注：先行词为人，介词前置时：介词＋whom
1.This is the reason __f_o_r__ _w_h_i_c_h_he left his hometown. (=why)
定语从句he book that / which you
want.
先行词 关系代词
我已经找到你想要的那本书了。
从句的位置：在它要修饰的名词或代词后
先行词:被定语从句修饰的词 关系词：引导定语从句的词，在从句中
代替先行词，并担任一个成分
关系代词that, who, whom, whose,which 关系副词when, where, why, how
表语
她不再是童年时候的那个小女孩了。
作用&关系代词
例句
作主语: We visited the factory which \that
人：who/that makes toys for children.
物：which/that Most managers who \that are present at the meeting agreed to the
定语从句1知识点总结
定语从句1知识点总结一、定语从句的定义定语从句（adjective clause）是一种修饰名词或代词的从句，用来限定这个名词或代词的含义。
定语从句通常由关系词引导，并且关系词在从句中充当某一成分的作用。
二、关系词的种类1.关系代词引导定语从句的关系代词有：who, whom, whose, which, that等。
- 用来修饰人的关系代词有：who, whom, whose- 用来修饰物的关系代词有：which, that2.关系副词引导定语从句的关系副词有：when, where, why, how等。
- when用来指代时间，where用来指代地点，why用来指代原因，how用来指代方式。
三、定语从句的位置1.定语从句可以放在先行词之后，例如：The man who is talking to my mother is a doctor.2.定语从句也可以放在先行词之前，例如：That is the man who is talking to my mother.3.定语从句还可以放在先行词之中，例如：The man who my mother is talking to is a doctor.四、定语从句的特点1.从句中所含的主谓结构要完整The book that I want to read is on the desk.2.从句中的主语和先行词相同The girl who is singing is my sister.3.从句中的关系词在从句中的作用The car which you bought is very expensive.五、在定语从句中关系词的省略在定语从句中，当关系词作为宾语或者介词宾语时，可以省略。
The book (that) I want to read is on the desk.The person (whom) I am talking about is my friend.六、定语从句的引导词用法1. who和whomWho用来指人，作主语或者宾语。
定语从句(1)关系代词
____ you can hire to reach your host family.
A. which 答案：A.
B. where
C. when
D. that
Is she the girl who wants to see
you？
The girl wants to see you.
关系词
词形
所修饰先行词
充当成分
She has a gift for creating an atmosphere for
her students ____ allows them to communicate freely with each other.
词进行考察 在空格前有介词的情况下，先行词指人用 whom,指物用which,排除who和that的干扰
对关系词前的介词的选择进行考察
先行词定位 地位： 承上启下，中心环节 词性： 名词/代词 也可能是整句
常见位置：
紧挨着空格，主句句末
关键
从句意上去判断
要点
在从句中关ich
B. where C. what
D. who
答案：A. which.
定语从句关系代词选择步骤
1.先行词定考点 2.句式排除干扰项 3.空格看成分 4.判断人物事
You’ll find taxis waiting at the bus station,
的限定作用强于非限制性定语从 句。
His girlfriend，who is rich,
dumped him yesterday.
His girlfriend who is rich
dumped him yesterday.
【英语语法】定语从句(一)
【热点语法】英语定语从句（一）山东潍坊刘永科一、定语从句概述“定语从句”是英语学习的重点和难点，也是英语高考和其他各类英语考试的必考项目。
它是复合句中三大从句（名词性从句、状语从句和定语从句）之一，也是最难掌握的一种从句。
定语从句的难点在于它的特殊结构，即“先行词+关系代词（关系副词）+从句”。
许多同学分不清哪是先行词或干脆忽略掉先行词的概念，因而不能正确使用关系代词或关系副词，更不清楚定语从句中的一些特殊情况。
因此，要想掌握定语从句，就必须弄懂定语从句的本质，掌握其要点：1. 什么叫先行词？准确判断出定语从句所修饰的先行词；2. 关系代词和关系副词有何区别，正确使用关系代词或关系副词；3. 介词置于关系代词之前的情况；4. 关系代词或关系副词的省略；5. 限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的区别；6. 定语从句与强调句型和同位语从句的区别。
二、什么成分可以作定语英语中作定语的成份有许多，形容词、名词、代词、数词、不定式、分词介词短语以及地点方位副词等都可以充当定语。
例如：This is a difficult problem.这是一道难题。
（形容词）The doctor told me to open my mouth and put out my tongue.医生让我张开嘴巴伸出舌头。
（代词）Granny cut the birthday cake into twenty pieces.奶奶把生日蛋糕切成了20块。
（数词）He works in a trade company.他在一家贸易公司上班。
（名词）You should grasp this chance to go abroad.你应该抓住这次出国的机会。
（不定式短语）Do you know the man speaking to our headmaster? 你认识正在跟我们校长说话的那个人吗？（现在分词短语）Most of the people invited to the conference are from Europe.应邀出席会议者大多来自欧洲。
定语从句[1]
![定语从句[1]](https://img.taocdn.com/s3/m/b9d38c00b52acfc789ebc911.png)
下面请看定语从句语法（二）
The Attributive Clause
the the the the
handsome tall strong clever
boy
The boy is Tom.
The boy who is handsome is Tom. The boy who is tall is Tom.
方法二： 准确判断先行词在定语从句中的 成分（主、谓、宾、定、状），也能正确选 择出关系代词/关系副词。 B 例1. Is this the museum _____ you visited a few days ago? A. where B. that C. on which D. the one D 例2. Is this museum _____ you visited a few days ago? A. where B. that C. on which D. the one
vt. ··① 这是我们去年参观的地方。 ·· ·· a) vi. ··② 这是我们去年工作的地方。 ·· ·· ①This is the place which / that we visited last year. ②This is the place where we worked last year. 我仍然记得我入团的那一天。 b) 我仍然记得我们一起度过的那一天。 ①I still remember the day when I joined the League. ②I still remember the day that / which we spent together.
The boy who is strong is Tom.
The boy who is clever is Tom
初中英语定语从句(1)
关系副词when, where, why的用法以及与关系代词 的区分。 关系副词在定语从句当中只能充当状语，当一个句
子能够完整地表达一个意思时，我们就可以给这个 句子加上特定的关系副词。
eg. I won’t forget the time when I got married. Have you still remember the days when we stayed together? This is the place where we had a good time. Is this the house where Mr Smith lives? I don’t know the reason why he won’t join us. Do you know the reason why he didn’t come to sweep the classroom?
等修饰时。
eg. I have some books that are very good. 3、当先行词被形容词最高级、序数词所修饰时。 eg. This is the first book that I bought myself.
The biggest bird that I caught is this bird.
4、当先行词被the very, the last, the next, the only
等词修饰时。
eg. This is the very book that I lost yesterday. 5、当先行词又有人又有物时。 eg. I won’t forget the things and the persons that I saw. 只能使用which的情况。 1、非限制性定语从句中。 eg. Mary has a book, which is very precious. 2、在介词之后。 eg. This is a house in which lives an old man. 3、当主句中的主语被that修饰时。 eg. That dog which I found in the street belongs to Mary.
定语从句(1)
用适当的关系引导词填空： They talked much _________ had nothing to do with the that matter. There is little ________ I can give you. that I will never forget the day ____________ I spent with you. that/wwhich I will never forget the day _____________ I joined the when army. This is the factory ____________ my father worked 30 where years ago. This is the factory _____________ I visited 30 years ago. tha词在定语从句中作主语时，其谓语动词人称和数 要根据引导词所指内容而定。 例如： 1. Here are such sentences as are often used by the students. ( as指代sentences，谓语动词用 are)。 2. I, who am a Party member, should work hard for our country.( who指代I,谓语用am.)。 3. He was one of the students who were praised for it.( who指代the students)他是被表扬的学生之 一。 4. He was the only one of the students who was praised for it.( who指the only one) 他是唯一被表扬的学生。
定语从句(1)
十四.定语从句定语从句复习概要1.在复合句(包括主句和从句)中,修饰主句中某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句.定语从句必须放在被修饰的词之后,被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫做先行词.如The man who lives next to us sells vegetables. You must do everything that I do.( ) ( ) ( ) ( )2.由______ ______ _______等关系代词引导的定语从句,关系代词可在从句中作主语,宾语或表语.通常_____指事物,_____指人(作宾语时用_____),_______既可指人也可指物.但在使用时有所区别:( ) 1. The doctor ____is treating for your heart trouble is a friend of mine.A. whoB. whenC. whichD. whom( ) 2. The place _____in terested me most was the Children’s Palace.A. whichB. whereC. whatD. in which一.定语从句须用that引导的情况:(1)先行词是all, much, little, none, the one等不定代词或由no, any, every构成的复合不定代词( ) 1. All _____ I’m going to do is good. A. that B. which C. what D. both A and B( ) 2. Do you know anyone _____knows about the history of the Ming Tombs?A. whichB. whomC. whoseD. when( ) 3. He told me everything ______son had seen in the factory.(2)先行词被all, every, no, some, any, little, much, one of, the only, the very, the right修饰时.( ) 1. All the books _______ I put on the desk are yours.A. thatB. whichC. whatD. both A and B( ) 2. This is the only book ____ I bought last year. A. which B that C. what D. who（3）先行词是序数词或被序数词修饰时。
定语从句1
定语从句定语从句是初中语法中较难的一个知识点，同时也是近几年中考必考的。
一．定义：在复合句中修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。
二．特点：1.先行词：定语从句所修饰的名词或代词 2. 关联词：1）引出定语从句，并作从句的一个成分。
可作主语、宾语、定语、状语，作宾语可省略。
2）关联词包括关系代词和关系副词。
关联词位于先行词和定语从句之间。
关系代词：that, which, who, whom, whose代指先行词。
关系副词：when, where, why作时间状语。
三．基本结构：先行词+关联词+定语从句剩余部分四．关系代词的用法：1. that 和whichthat指人或物，作主语或宾语，作宾语可省略，主语不能。
Which指物，不指人，作主语或宾语，作宾语可省略，主语不能。
His father works in a factory that/which makes TV sets.Who was hurt in the accident that/which happened yesterday?The coat (which/that) I put on the desk is black.注意：The room in which I live is very big. (在介词后面不能用that)2.只能用that不能用which引导的定语从句：1) 先行词被形容词最高级修饰时，定语从句只能用thatThis is the most interesting story (that) I have ever heard.2）先行词被序数词修饰时，定语从句只能用thatThe children like the second lesson that is about “The Football Match”.3）先行词被the only，the very 或the same等修饰，定语从句只能用that引导。
定语从句(1)
The reason why his sister was late is that her husband is dangerously ill in hospital.
句中why 不可用that 代替，以避免重复；that 不能用because 或why 替代。陈述句主语 reason 的表语从句中只能用that 引导，that 不做从句中的任何成份。
• as与which • as引导的定语从句可以放在主句之前，之中或其后； which引导的定语从句只能放在主句之后。 • as一般用于一些固定句型中，有“正如”之意。 如be said/reported/expected/known/imagined/pointed out/shown/announced等被动形式，或as you see/hear/know等结构中。 • Eg: As is said, they will send us to help the children in the less-developed areas. • 据说，他们要派我们去帮助那些欠发达地区的儿 童。 • She did well in her studies, which made her parents satisfied. • 她学习很好，这使她父母很满意。
专有名词具有“独一无二”的含义，因 此通常用非限制性定语从句来修饰。
Hangzhou, which we visited last year, is one of the most beautiful cities in China.
that 不能引导非限制性定语从句。其他引导限制 性定语从句的关系代词、关系副词皆可引导非限 制性定语从句，且不可省略。
当 the same修饰先行词时，引导定语从句 的关系代词可用as, 或that。用that表示他所 引导的内容与先行词所讲的事物是同一个； 用as表示“同类”。 This is the same bicycle that I have lost. 这是我丢失的那辆自行车。 This is the same bicycle as I have lost. 这辆自行车跟我丢的那辆一样。
定语从句(1)(that,which,who,who,whose)
注意：在“one of +复数名词+定语从句”结构中，复数名词是先行词， 引导词在定语从句中作主语时，其谓语动词用复数。但当one前有the (only)时，one是先行词，定语从句的谓语动词用单数。如：
He is one of the students who have been to Beijing. 他是去过北京的 学生之一。
1. the most important thing _____we should pay attention to is the first thing____ I have said. 2. He never reads anything _____is not worth reading. 3. The place _____interested me most was the Great Wall. 4.I’d like a car _____front lights are big and round. 5. The man _____talked to you just now is my father. 6.Can you tell me the name of the school _____the villagers built last year?
6. that/which 二、1. (that) he had stolen 2. (that) I want to buy
3. that/which interests us 4. (that/which) I will never forget. 5. that/which we will visit(are going to visit) tomorrow 6. whose homework hasn't been handed in
定语从句(1)
5.He is in Class One and I am in Class Two. 简单句 6.The farmer is showing the boy how to plant a简tr单ee句. 7.Neither has he changed his mind, nor will he 并do列so句. 8.He was fond of drawing when he was复ye合t a句child. 9.What he said at the meeting is very im复po合rt句ant. 10.The boy who offered me his seat is ca复lle合d 句Tom.
I
want
you
to
meet.
③Do you still r emember the chicken
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far m
we
visited three months ago?
2019/11/14
三、关系词只能用that而不用which的情况
1．当先行词为all, everything, nothing, anything, much等不 定代词时。 Have you taken down everything that Mr. Li said? All that can be done has been done.
2．高考对简单句、并列句和各种复合句的考查 常表现在对连词的选择和使用上。如：and, but, or, while 以及其他连接名词性从句、定语从句和状语从句 的连接词、关联词。
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1．(2012· 江苏高考)After the flooding, people were suffering in that area,_____________ urgently needed clean water,
medicine and shelter to survive.
A．which C．where B．who D．what
阿不思· 邓布利 多（Albus Dumbledore）， 霍格沃茨魔法 学校校长，凤 凰社创始人和 保密人 ，被公 认为当代最伟 大的巫师。 不能去 掉
We all respect the man who wears a long white beard. 能去掉 We all respect the man, who wears a long white beard.
关系词
先行词
充当成分
that
关系 代词
人或物 物 人 人 人或物
地点
主、宾、表 主、宾 主、宾 宾 定语（表所属）
状语
which who whom whose
关系 副词
where
when why
时间 原因
左起：弗雷德、 罗恩、金妮和 乔治韦斯莱。 图为第五部电 影凤凰社。
注意两个 句子形式 上的区别 Ron has two brothers who study in the same school. 罗恩有两个在同一所学校上学的哥哥。 Ron has two brothers, who study in the same school. 罗恩有两个哥哥，他们在同一所学校上学。
who/whom, 可省略 which
that在从句中可作主语，宾语或表语。作宾语或 表语时可省略。作介词宾语时，介词不可提到 that之前，如提前则需用which或whom代替 that。
Which or that?
1.用that不用which的情况： 先行词是all, much, little, few, something,anything， everything，none，nothing等不定代词时。 A few days later we left our village, because there was nothing that was left for us. He did everything that could help us. 他做了能帮助我们的事。
关系词：引导定语从句的词被称为关系词。 关系词在定语从句中有三大作用： 1. 连接作用——连接先行词和定语从句。 I gave her all the money that I had. 我把我所有的钱都给了她。
（that 连接先行词 money和定语从句I had） 2. 替代作用——在定语从句中替代从句所修饰 的先行词。 The man who lives next door is a famous teacher. 住在隔壁的那个人是个名师。
3.that的用法：that的先行词指人或物，只能 引导限制性定语从句。 可以用 A huge crack that was eight kilometres long and thirty metres wide cut across 可以用 houses,roads and canals. Jack is no longer the person (that) I met five years ago.
先行词是序数词、形容词最高级或被它们修饰 时。 The first thing (that) we should do now is to find a local guide. 先行词既有人又有物时。 I am going to talk about the countries and people that I have visited. 我要谈论一下我所访问过的国家和人民。
Can you see a man and his horse ________are crossing the bridge? A. which B. who C. that whom
D.
解析：man and horse是又有人又有物的 先行词，其后是定语从句。因为从句中缺 少主语，所以用that。 答案：C
His third novel ________ is very popular with readers was written by him in 2006. A. which B. what C. whom D. that 解析：novel为先行词, 其后是定语从句。 novel在从句中作主语，而且其前有序数词 third修饰，所以选that。 答案：D
注意：在非限制性定语从句中作宾语时只能用 whom，且不能省略。
2.which的用法：which的先行词只能指物， Then,later that afternoon,another big quake which was almost as strong as the first one shook Tangshan
在非限定性定语从句中，不能用关系代词
that和关系副词why。要用for which代替why.
I had told them the reason, for which I didn‘t attend the meeting. 我已经把理由告诉了他们，为此我没有去 开会。 非限制性定语从句中关系词不能省略。
C．which
D．what
解析：考查定语从句。句意：她第三次赢得比赛，这让 我们很吃惊。此处which引导非限制性定语从句，指代前 面的内容。
答案：C
3．(2011· 新课标全国卷)The prize will go to the writer _____________ story shows the most imagination. A．that C．whose B．which D．what
限制性定语从句 形式上 意义上 作用上
非限制性定语从句
不用逗号
去掉后句意不完整
用逗号 去掉不影响表达 补充说明
可修饰先行词或主句
修饰限制
只可修饰先行词
翻译时 关系词
译为“…的”
作宾语时可以省略
可译为并列句
不可省略且不能用 that , why 引导
which 1. Apples, that × are good at people’s health,
宜用which的情况 1.在非限制性定语从句中。 2.在定语从句中作介词的宾语，且介词位于关系代 词前。 The house in which I used to live has become a supermarket. 我过去住的房子现在变成了一家超市。
whose的用法： whose的先行词既可指人，也可指物。在定语从句 中作定语。指人时相当于of whom;指物时相当于of which。 This is the scientist whose achievements are well known. = This is the scientist,the achievements of whom are well known. 这就是那位成就卓著的科学家。 I’d like a room whose window faces the sea. =I’d like a room the window of which faces the sea. 我想要一个窗户面朝大海的房间。
哈利波特与魔法石 Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone philosopher [fəˈlɒsəfə(r)] n.哲学家，哲人; 思想家
The boy who lived. 大难不死的男孩。
The boy who lived.
定语从句（The Attributive Clause.)
解析：考查定语从句。分析句子成分可知，
“_____________ urgently needed clean water, medicine and shelter to survive”是定语从句，修饰先行词people，
从句中缺少主语，故用关系代词who。
答案：B
2．(2012· 陕西高考)It is the third time that she has won the race,_____________ has surprised us all. A．that B．where
The English song calls up the happy days ______ we spent together in our youth. A. in which B. that C. when D. who 解析：______ we spent together in our youth是一个定语从句。在这个从句中， spent 是及物动词，先行词the days作它的宾 语，所以选that。 答案：B
Is this the book (which) you’re looking for? 这是你正在找的书吗？
which在定语从句中作主语、宾语、表语等。 （在限制性定语从句中作宾语时可省略，但作 介词的宾语，且介词提前时，不可省）。 This is the house in which I used to live. 这是我曾住过的房子。
should be eaten every day.
2. The sun heats the earth which
makes it possible to grow crops.
，
关系代词： 1. who,whom的用法。二者的先行词均指人。 The boys who are playing football are from Class One. The man whom / who you met just now is my old friend. who在定语从句中作主语、表语或宾语；whom 作宾语。在限制性定语从句中，作宾语时，二者 可以互换，也可省略。