介词前置的定语从句
定语从句介词知识点总结
定语从句介词知识点总结介词在定语从句中的使用分为两种情况：一种是介词前置，即介词位于定语从句中引导词的前面；另一种是介词后置，即介词位于定语从句中引导词的后面。
在具体的语境中，要根据不同的情况选择恰当的介词，并确保介词的使用符合语法规则。
一、介词前置情况1. 时间介词的前置在定语从句中，表示时间的介词如at, on, in等通常放在从句的先导词之前。
例如：The day when we met for the first time is still vivid in my memory.（我们第一次见面的那一天在我的记忆中依然清晰）I will never forget the moment when I held my baby for the first time.（我永远不会忘记我第一次抱着我的宝宝的那一刻）2. 原因介词的前置表示原因的介词如because of, due to等也通常放在定语从句中引导词的前面。
例如：The reason why she didn't come to the party is because of her illness.（她没来参加派对的原因是因为生病了）The failure of the project was due to the lack of funding.（这个项目的失败是因为资金不足）3. 地点介词的前置在表示地点的定语从句中，介词如in, at, on等也通常放在引导词的前面。
例如：The place where we met for the first time is now a bustling shopping mall.（我们第一次见面的地方现在成了一个繁华的购物中心）I will never forget the city where I spent my childhood.（我永远不会忘记我度过童年的那座城市）4. 其他介词的前置除了表示时间、原因、地点的介词外，其他表示方式、比较、程度等概念的介词也通常放在定语从句中引导词的前面。
高中英语：定语从句专项讲解
高中英语：定语从句专项讲解【基础回顾】考点归纳：定语从句在句中做定语，修饰一个名词或代词，被修饰的名词词组或代词即先行词。
定语从句通常出现在先行词之后，由关系词（关系代词或关系副词）引出。
1.关系代词引导的定语从句2.关系副词引导的定语从句3.判断关系代词与关系副词4.限制性和非限制性定语从句5.介词+关系词6.as, which 非限定性定语从句7.关系代词that 的用法一、关系代词引导的定语从句关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词，并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。
关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。
1、who, whom, that限定性定语从句中的关系代词作主语作宾语作定语指人who/that whom/that(可省略) whose指物which/that which/that(可省略) whose指人和物that that whose非限定性定语从句中的关系代词作主语作宾语作定语指人who whom whose/of whom指物which which whose/of which特殊情况：只能用that的情况，先行词为everything，all，little，much等不定代词时；先行词被all，every，no，any，some，little，much，one修饰时；先行词被the only，the very，the same，the last修饰时；先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时；先行词是be的表语或there be 的主语时；先行词有人又有物时；当主句是以who或which开头的特殊疑问句时。
不能用that的情况介词前置时；非限定性定语从句中先行词本身是that多用who，不用that的情况。
先行词为anyone，one，ones时；先行词为those，he和people时；这些词代替指人，whom在定语从句中指人，"who"和“that”既可作主语又可作宾语（作宾语可以省略,who作宾语变为whom），that可以指人也可以指物, who不可指物。
定语从句不用that的情况
定语从句不用that的情况定语从句不用that的情况定语从句中比较容易处理方面是，定语从句中“that”多可省略，表现为关系代词作宾语的情况，下面是店铺给大家整理的定语从句不用that的情况的相关内容，希望能给你带来帮助!（一）定语从句不用that的情况1、不能用that的情况介词前置时；非限定性定语从句中先行词本身是that多用who，不用that的情况先行词为anyone，one，ones时；先行词为those，he和people时；这些词代替指人，whom在定语从句中指人，"who"和“that”既可作主语又可作宾语（作宾语可以省略,who作宾语变为whom），that可以指人也可以指物, who不可指物。
在从句中所起作用如下：（1）Is he the man who/that wants to see you? 他是那个想见你的男人吗？（who/that在从句中作主语）（2）He is the man （whom/that） I saw yesterday. 他就是我昨天见到的那个人。
（whom/that在从句中作宾语）（3）The man whom you spoke to just now is our English teacher. 刚刚和你说话的那个男人是我们的英语老师。
（whom在从句中作宾语）注：who在定语从句中指人，作主语和宾语，作宾语时可省略；做及物动词或介词的宾语，可省略。
which，that 用来指物（有六种情况只可用that而不用which）(用作主语、宾语，作宾语时可以省略），例如：（1）The prosperity which/that had never appeared before took on in the countryside.农村出现了前所未有的繁荣。
（which/that在从句中作主语）（2）The package (which/that) you are carrying is about to comeunwrapped.你拿那个包裹快要散开了。
定语从句——备战新高考英语复习语法知识点全面梳理(全国通用)
2. 非限制性定语从句先行词指人时用who.
如何选择关系词：
1. 确定定语从句 2.看先行词是指人还是指物 3. 看从句中缺什么成分（把先行词还原到定语从句中，看先行词在定语从
句中作什么成分 4. 确定关系代词
定语是对名词或代词起修饰作用的词、短语或句子，名词、代词、形 容词 、数词、副词、介词短语、非谓语动词、从句等都可以作定语。
Guilin is a beautiful city.
China is a developing country.
十
大
There are thirty women teachers in our school.
He is popular with teenagers.
Cai Xukun is a singer who is popular with teenagers.
定语从句：在句中起定语作用，修饰某一名词或代词的从句。
Cai Xukun is a singer who is popular with teenagers.
1.2 关系代词whose
whose 在从句中作定语，指人或物。
1. This is the boy whose composition the teacher talked of.
Whose composition = the composition of whom = of whom the composition
1.4 关系代词只用who的情况
① People want to listen to someone who is interesting. ② Anyone who breaks the law is punished. ③ The student you should learn from is the one who works hard. ④ Those who break the law are punished. ⑤ He who breaks the law is punished. ⑥The famous film star, who tries to make a comeback, draws a lot of attention.
定语从句关系词的选择
四．关系词的选择1．在非限制性定语从句中，关系代词作主语，只能用who 指人，which指物；关系代词做宾语，常用whom（口语中有时用who）指人，which指物，它们都不能用that代替。
2．关系代词作介词宾语，不论是在限制性定语从句中，还是在非限制性定语从句中，当介词前置时，只能用whom指人，which指物；但如果介词后置，则不受这种限制，关系代词还可以省去，特别是在口语中。
如：Do you know the boy to whom she was talking?Do you know the boy (that) she was talking to?The pencil (which/that) he was writing with suddenly broke.3．在限制性定语从句中，当先行词指物时，关系词可用which或that，二者常可以互换；但在下列情况中，只能用that，不用which：(1) 当先行词是all, a lot, (a) little, few, much, none, anything, something, everything, nothing等词时。
如：All that can be done has been done.In this factory I saw little / much that was different from ours.(2) 当先行词被all, any no, much, little, few, every等限定词所修饰时。
如：We heard clearly every word that he said.(3) 当先行词是序数词或被序数词所修饰时。
如：The first thing that should be done is to get the tickets.When people talk about Hangzhou, the first that comes to mind is the West Lake.(4) 当先行词是形容词最高级或被形容词最高级所修饰，以及先行词被序数词和形容词最高级同时修饰时，如：Is that the best that you can do?That’s the most expensive hotel that we’ve ever stayed in.This novel is the second best one that I have ever read.(5) 当先行词被the very, the only, the next, the last等所修饰时。
专四定语从句语法点
专四定语从句语法点专四定语从句语法点引导语：定语从句，一个简单句跟在一名词或代词后（先行词）进行修饰限定，就叫做定语从句。
下面是店铺为大家精心整理的专四定语从句语法点，欢迎阅读！专四定语从句语法点关系代词：which（指sth 作主语或宾语），that（指sb或sth 作主语或宾语），who（指sb作主语或宾语），whom（指sb作宾语），whose（指sb或sth，作定语）,as（指sb,sth 作主语或宾语）;注意: 做宾语的时候，关系代词可以省略。
关系副词：when（指时间on which），where（指地点at which），why（指原因 for which）考点1. 先行词为人时引导词who和that(1) 只能用who不用that：1)当先行词为one(s), anyone, those 时；2)当先行词为人称代词时。
(2) 只能用that不用who：1)当主句已经出现who时。
2)关系代词在定语从句中作表语时。
1. He is quite worn out from years of hard work. He is not the man _that______ he was twenty years ago.A. whichB. thatC. whoD. whom考点2. 先行词为物时引导词that和which(1) 只能用that不用which：1)先行词为much, little, few, nothing, none, anything, no, all等不定代词。
2）先行词既有人又有物。
3）先行词被形容词的最高级或序数词修饰。
4）先行词被the very, the only, the last, just, all, any, every, no等修饰。
5）关系代词在从句中作表语。
6) 在疑问词who、which、what开头的句子中。
7) 主句是there be句型。
专四语法第10、11节-定语从句和状语从句-知识点
第十节定语从句I.定语从句考点和知识要点：1. 定语从句五大概念概念一、什么是定语从句？在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。
在定语从句中，被修饰的这一名词或代词叫做先行词。
在定语从句中的引导词叫做关系词。
关系词又分关系代词和关系副词。
概念二、关系词有哪些？1、关系代词：which（指sth 作主语或宾语），that（指sb或sth 作主语或宾语），who（指sb作主语或宾语），whom（指sb作宾语），whose（指sb或sth，作定语）,as（指sb,sth 作主语或宾语）; 注意: 做宾语的时候，关系代词可以省略。
2、关系副词：when（指时间on which），where（指地点at which），why（指原因for which）概念三、关系词通常有下列三个作用？1.引导定语从句2.代替先行词；3.在定语从句中担当一个成分。
Eg. The man who is shaking hands with my father is a policeman.概念四、关系代词和关系副词有何区别及方法？主要是它们在从句中所起的作用不同。
关系代词在从句中一般作主语或宾语。
而关系副词在定语从句中作状语。
Focus in：方法一：句子成份法：关系代词在句中充当主语、宾语；关系副词在从句中作状语。
方法二：句子完整法：关系代词引导的定语从句不完整；关系副词引导的定语从句是完整的。
I will never forget the days when we spent our holidays together.I will never forget the days that / which we spent together.概念五、限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的区别A. 限制性定语从句形式上不用逗号“，”与主句隔开。
意义上是先行词不可缺少的定语，如删除，主句则失去意义或意思表达不完整。
B.非限制性定语从句只是对先行词的补充说明，如删除，主句仍能表达完整的意思。
介词关系代词引导的定语从句
定语从句之—介词+关系代词词The Attributive Clause关系代词的用法；在复合句中修饰一个名词或代词的从句称为定语从句，一般紧跟在它所修饰的名词或代词后面。
定语从句所修饰的名词或代词称为先行词。
引导定语从句的关联词称为关系词，关系词有关系代词和关系副词。
关系代词有that ，which ，who ，whom ，whose 。
考查重点定语从句定语从句是中考必考考点之一，主要考查的是时态及宾语从句的语序，有时也会考查定语从句的引导词。
考查的主要形式是单项填空、完形填空、短文填空和完成句子。
阅读理解和书面表达肯定也会考查到定语从句。
因此学生要熟练掌握定语从句的用法。
关系代词引导的定语从句最为常见和常考。
命题趋势引导定语从句的关系词有关系代词和关系副词，关系代词和关系副词放在先行词及定语从句之间起连接作用，同时又作定语从句的重要成分。
常见的关系代词包括that， which， who（宾格whom，所有格whose）等关系副词包括where， when， why等根据定语从句与先行词的关系，定语从句可分为限制性定语从句及非限制性定语从句。
限制性定语从句：紧跟先行词，主句与从句不用逗号分开，从句不可省去。
非限制性定语从句：主句与从句之间有逗号分开，起补充说明作用，如省去，意思仍完整。
关系代词：who、that、whom、whose、which 做作主主语做宾语语1）指人：who/that 指物：which/that 2）指人：who/whom/that/省略指物：which/that/省略► The man who/tha t spoke at the ► The building which/that is ► I visited a scientist whose name is known all over themeeting is from Hong Kong.会上发言的人来自香港。
定语从句中介词+关系词的用法
介词＋关系代词”引导定语从句是我们学习定语从句的重点，也是高考的常考点。
学习这种从句应注意以下几点：1. 用于这种情况的关系代词一般为which（指物）和whom（指人）。
在这种结构中，介词的选择非常关键，可以遵循以下四个原则：（1）根据定语从句中的谓语动词确定介词，其动词与介词搭配，构成动词短语。
例如：Is this the car for which you paid a high price? （pay for）这是你花大价钱买的车吗？I n the dark street, there wasn’t a single person to whom she could turn for help. （turn to sb. for help）在黑暗的街上，她找不到一个人来帮助她。
The man with whom you shook hands just now is our English teacher. （shake hands with sb. ）刚才你和他握手的那个人是我们的英语老师。
（2）根据定语从句中的形容词确定介词，其形容词与介词搭配，构成形容词短语。
例如：The two things about which Karl Marx was not sure were the grammar and some of the idioms. （be sure about）马克思没有把握的两件事是：语法和习惯用法。
The teacher with whom the students in our class are popular is Mr Wang, our English teacher. （be popular with）在我们班，深受学生欢迎的是王老师－－我们的英语老师。
（3）根据定语从句修饰的先行词确定介词，其先行词往往是表示时间、地点、原因、方法、工具等的词，它们与介词之间有一定的联系。
限制性定语从句(初中生用关系代词的用法)
学习-----定语从句在学习句子做定语之前，我们先来复习一下介词短语或者其它短语做定语请翻译下列句子.1.A man with a bag stole my purse .2.The woman in red is my aunt .3.The tree beside the river is an apple tree .4.The book on the table belongs to me .5.I don't like the girl with a sunglasses .6.This is the book that I want .The pen that you bought yesterday is very expensive .8.The woman who lost her son is crying .9.The student whose book was missing is unhappy10.The people all over the world know the Great Wall .关于定语从句：定语从句在句中做定语，修饰一个名词或代词，翻译成“……的”，通常位于名词或代词后面被修饰的名词,词组或代词叫先行词。
定语从句通常出现在先行词之后，由关系词（关系代词或关系副词）引出。
第一个要点例如：Is he the man who/that wants to see you?他就是想见你的人吗？（who/that在从句中作主语）He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday.他就是我昨天见的那个人。
（whom/that在从句中作宾语）二：当先行词是指物时，用which或者that，在从句中可作主语、宾语等例如：The package (which / that) you are carrying is about to come unwrapped.你拿的包快散了。
介词前置的定语从句
介词前置的定语从句介词前置的定语从句介词宾语前置句，所谓宾语前置句，就是通常作宾语的成分，置于谓语动词的前面，以示强调。
介词前置的定语从句1.语法作用：“介词＋关系代词”在从句中主要起关系副词的作用，即在定语从句中充当状语：（1）表示地点，时间和原因的“介词＋which”分别相当于where，when，why。
I have found the book in which the names of all the early satellites are mentioned.（SEFC 2A L. 55）（＝I have found the book. The names of all the early satellites are mentioned in it.）The earth on which／where we live is a planet.I”ll never forget the day on which／when I joined the League.I know a wood in which／where you can find roses.Is there any reason for which／why you should have a holiday？（2）way后常用that代替in which，也可省略that。
I really don”t like the way that he talks.That was the way in which the old lady looked after us.Do it the way I showed you.2. “of＋which”起形容词的作用，相当于whose（用来指物），其词序通常是“n.＋of which”。
They live in a house whose door／the door of which opens to the south.He”s written a book whose name／the name of which I”ve com- pletely forgotten.3.可引导限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句There is a rocket by which the direction of the satellite can be changed.（SEFC 2A L. 55）We carefully studied the photos，in which we could see signs of plant disease.（SEFC 2A L. 55）4.介词的选择（选择介词时须考虑下列情况）1）介词与先行词的.习惯搭配There is no way in which it could be brought back to the earth.（SEFC 2A L. 55）（in与way是习惯搭配）2）介词与定语从句中的动词，形容词的习惯搭配These are the wires with which different machines are connected.（be connected with是习惯搭配）The author with whom all of us are familiar will visit our compa-ny.（be familiar with是习惯搭配）3）同形的先行词，或定语从句中的动词，形容词表示不同的含义时，要根据其含义选用不同的介词。
高中定语从句
定语
1. 用来修饰某个名词或代词的成分 2. 可以放在名词之前；也可以放在 名词或代词之后 3. 在翻译时通常带有一个“的”
定语从句
定语从句
1. 当定语成分由一个句子来充当时， 这个句子就叫定语从句，即用一个句 子去修饰另一个句子中的某个名词或 代词
8. The train _w__h_ic_h__/_t_h_a_t_ was going to Guangdong was late. 9. The book _(_w_h_i_c_h_/__th_a_t_)_ he is reading is very interesting. 10. They’ll never forget the days _(w__h_ic_h__/_t_h_a_t)_ they spent in the countryside. 11. They’ll never forget the days ____w__h_e_n_____ they studied together.
He passed the exam, which surprised everyone in our class.
when, where, why 引导的定语从句
初步感知－P37 Exercise 2
1. The mines where I worked were 9 km from my home.
2. The reason why I got a job was because of my hard work.
3. The time when I joined the ANC was the 5th of August. 4. The government building where we voted was very tall. 5. The date when I arrived was late at night.
定语从句介词前置PPT
preposition + relative pronouns
1. The person whom/who/that you should write to is Mr. Ball. to whom The person ________ you should write is Mr. Ball.
preposition+which（指物）
preposition+whom (指人）
How to choose the right prepositions
on which she 1. Do you like the book spent $10? for which 2. Do you like the book she paid $10? from which she 3. Do you like the book learned a lot? 4. Do you like the book about which she often talks? 5. He built a telescope through which he could study the skies.
Conclusion
1)根据定语从句中谓语动词的习惯搭 配来决定。
Test yourself
More Practice
1. Do you know the talking to/with /about the girl to/with/about whom girl_____________________ our head teacher is talking ? pay… for the dictionary for which 2. I can’t find my dictionary ___________I paid over $100 . spend money on the car 3. This is the good car____ ______I spent all on which my money. for ________you whom 4. The teacher_____ have been waiting is coming in a minute.
三大从句讲解
三大从句一.定语从句英语句子从结构上看有三种类型：1.简单句（Simple Sentence)2.并列句（Compound Sentence)3.复合句（Complex Sentence)【1】.简单句的五大基本句型：主语+连系动词+表语【Her face turned red with anger. 】主语＋及物动词＋宾语【Y ou can consider my suggestion.】主语＋不及物动词（＋状语）【This kind of cloth sells well.】主语＋及物动词＋间宾＋直宾【He explained us the sentence.】主语＋及物动词＋宾语＋宾补【He found the work half done.】【2】.并列句：由两个或两个以上等立而又相互独立的简单句构成，两个简单句由等立连词连在一起。
其结构是：简单句+等立连词+简单句（1）He has studied English for only one year,but he can read and write now.（2）Keep on and you will make progress.【3】.复合句：由一个主句或几个从句构成的句子。
从句只用作句子的一个成份，不能独立。
根据从句在句中的作用，可分为名词性从句、定语从句和状语从句三类。
从句：是一个成份，由一个句子充当某个成份定语：用于修饰名词或代词（1）He is a physics teacher.（2）Please show me another ticket.（3）Australia is an English-speaking country.定语从句：由一个句子充当定语从句的位置：在名词或代词后先行词：被定语从句修饰的词(名词或代词)引导词：引导定语从句的词（包括关系代词、关系副词）引导词的作用：(1)引导定语从句(2)在从句中作一成份(3)代替先行词在从句中的位置例：The manager discussed the plan that they would like to see carried out the next year.1.A traveller is a person who\that travels.2.A computer is a machine that does counting most quickly.3.A clock is a machine that tells people time.4.A fridge is a machine which is used to keep food fresh.5.A tailor is a person who makes clothes.6.A beggar is a person who makes a living by begging.7.A teacher is a person who gives lessons to students.8.A nurse is a person that looks after people who are ill.9.The panda is a kind of animal that can be found only in China.10.April 1st is the day which is called April Fool’s Day in the West.关系代词和关系副词的作用关系代词和关系副词如何区别1.The reason ___why__he missed the speech is that he forgot the time.2.The reason____that\which___he gave us sounded reasonable.3.I’ll never forget the day ______that\which____we spent together in Paris.4.I’ll remember the day____when____we stayed together at that time.5.This is the factory____that\which___we visited last year.6.This is the house ____where___Lincoln once lived.Remember: 引导词用关系代词还是用关系副词关键要看他们在从句中作什么成份而定。
定语从句五种句式
定语从句五种句式定语从句五种句式导语：定语从句由关系词（关系代词、关系副词）引导，关系代词、关系副词位于定语从句句首。
下面是店铺给大家整理的定语从句五种句式的相关内容，希望能给你带来帮助!定语从句五种句式一、限定性定语从句1. that即可代表事物也可代表人，which代表事物；它们在从句中作主语或宾语，that在从句中作宾语时常可省略关系词，which在从句中作宾语则不能省略。
而且，如果which在从句中作“不及物动词＋介词”的介词的宾语，注意介词不要丢掉，而且介词总是放在关系代词which的前边，但有的则放在它原来的位置2. which作宾语时，根据先行词与定语从句之间的语义关系，先行词与which之间的介词不能丢3. 代表物时多用which，但在带有下列词的句子中用that而不用which，这些词包括all, anything, much等，这时的that常被省略4. who和whom引导的从句用来修饰人，分别作从句中的主语和宾语，whom作宾语时，要注意它可以作动词的宾语也可以作介词的宾语5. where是关系副词，用来表示地点的定语从句6. when引导定语从句表示时间［注］值得一提的是，表示时间“time"一词的定语从句只用when引导，有时不用任何关系代词，当然也不用that引导By the time you arrive in London, we will have stayed there for two weeks.I still remember the first time I met her.Each time he goes to besiness trip, he brings a lot of living necessities, such as towers, soap, toothbrush etc.7. whose是关系代词，修饰名词作定语，相当于所修饰成分的前置所有格8. 当从句的逻辑主语是some, any, no, somebody, anybody, nobody, something, anything, everything或nothing时，常用there is来引导二、非限定性定语从句：非限定性定语从句的作用是对所修饰的成分作进一步说明，通常和主句间用逗号隔开，将从句拿掉后部分仍可成立1. which引导的非限定性定语从句来说明前面整个句子的情况或主句的某一部分2. 在引导限定性定语从句时，that有时相当于in which, at which, for which或at whichAttitudes towards daydreaming are changing in much the same way that(in which) attitudes towards night dreaming have changed. 人们对白日做梦的态度正在改变，这与人们对夜间做梦的看法的变化有非常相似之处。
定语从句——介词前置
定语从句——介词前置介词---句子当中的动词、形容词完形填空______which/whom非限定性定语从句，介词前置in that——不是定语从句BecauseNow that: since ⏹of with toabout⏹词组搭配Plenty of :Many enough more than enoughAdequateThe classroom big enough 一、二、语法Beautifully red hatSolve problems ---solution to problemsA, B and C——并列结构列举处命题Which of the following is NOT …Bar n 酒吧V 禁止、制止fromstop sb. From doing prevent fromkeep from/offban fromforbid from /to do Forbidden Cityinhibit /prohibit sb. To dopublic transportation system choice /optionoption n. /adj—optional coursecompulsory ---requiredopt- optics opticaloptimal adj. bestoptimal combination optimize optimize the functionavailable /attainable goalsapproachable /access---have access toavailable products /available ladyindustry 工业industries 行业human –humanity ---humanities 人文学科industrial工业的/industrious 勤奋的原则：Number---numerousUtility n. 用途utilities 设备Utilize v. 利用Process n. 进程V 加工、处理Word processorEfficient secretary/effective medicine IndustrializedUndergo: experience UndergoUndertakeUndermine : damage . spoil Score /decade/dozenrnPattern: n 花样、样式、模式The pattern of the curtain Social patternsWork patternsHome patterns Convention ; tradition n.Conventional ; traditionalConference条例、公约International conventionThe medicine works well. The watch works well.A ,B ,andC 并列结构---What does sloppy mean: Short smart lazy邋Six of the ten/in the ten/out of the tenSix tenths名词1，名词2+名扩So that目的So…that 太…以至于，结果He is very good and everyone likes him.He is so good that everyone likes him.So…that/such…thatMinority ;minor Majority: majorStruggle to 努力去做某事Partial: 部分的You are partially right.偏袒的impartial （阅读中的态度题）See you through windows See you through this factAs well as: andAs well : too盛宴TasteEncounter, confront, meet, come across, run intoHe ran rather than walked.A ,rather than B, 谓语动词与A一致As well asWould rather than Psychological and physicalhealth /well-being /well off A is disproportional to B Proportion : a great proportion ofRate: birth rate /death rate Ratio: ratio….1 to 3It is +被强调+thatOnly +状语，主句倒装。
定语从句语法
why / for which 例二： 例二： The reason ________I got a job was because of my hard work. for the reason I got a job _______________.
原因状语
when / at which 例三： ＿＿＿＿I 例三： The time ＿＿＿＿ joined the ANC was the 5th of August. I joined the ANC ______________. at the time
when, where, why 引导的定语从句
引导词
指代内容
充当成分
who whom that which
人 人 人／事物 事物
主／宾／表 宾 主／宾／表 主／宾
whose 人的／事物的 定(后通常加名词或代词) 人的／ 时间 时间状语 when where why
地点 原因 地点状语 原因状语
高一英语语法
定语从句 the Attributive Clause
定语从句
定语从句
当定语成分由一个句子来充当时， 1. 当定语成分由一个句子来充当时， 这个句子就叫定语从句， 这个句子就叫定语从句，即用一个句 子去修饰另一个句子中的某个名词或 代词
ห้องสมุดไป่ตู้This is a book which was written by J.K. Rowling
引导词的特殊情况
只能用that不能用which的情况 只能用that不能用which的情况 that不能用which
(1) 先行词为 先行词为all, everything, nothing, something, anything, little, much 等不定代词时。 等不定代词时。 I am sure she has something (that) you can borrow. (2)先行词被 先行词被all, every, no, some, any, little, much 先行词被 等修饰时 I’ve read all the books that are not mine. (3)先行词被序数词或最高级修饰时。 先行词被序数词或最高级修饰时。 先行词被序数词或最高级修饰时 This is the first book (that) he has read.
定语从句
Remember:Which 在这两种情况下即使在句中 作宾语也不能省。
难点解析：
关系代词作介词宾语的几种结构： 1.介词 + whom\which The woman general still remember the day on which _________she joined the army. when 2.介词 短语 + which\whom The fisherman lived in a small house in front of which lies a well. 3. 不定代词或数词 +of+which\whom There are many books here, none of which belongs to me. of whom Your speech was heard by a group of five judges, all________ agreed that it was the best one. 4.名词+ of +which She mentioned a magazine, the title of which I have forgotten. whose title
of which 4.I was given 3 books on cooking, the first______
I really enjoyed. that/who 5. It was my sister _________ first had the idea to take a bike trip.
that 1) Do you have anything ______ you don’t understand? that 2) The only thing _____ we can do is to give you some advice. that 3) This is one of the best films _____I have ever 4) He spoke of the things and persons that _____he
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真题例析
（2012山东-23） Maria has written two novels, both of ________ have been made into television series. A. them B. that C. which D. what 【解析】本题考查“介词+which”引导的非限制 性定语从句。句中的先行词是two novels，而 且后面是一个非限制性定语从句，因此用 both of which引导。That不能引导非限制性 定语从句，也不能跟在介词后面；如果选 them，则后面需要有并列连词and或者是独 立主格结构，即both of them made into...。
The old woman has two sons, both of whom are teachers.
介词前置句型结构
4.形容词最高级+介词+关系代词 China has thousands of islands, the largest of which is Taiwan Island. 5.介词+关系代词+名词 He spent four years in college, during which time he studied medicine. 6.介词＋which/whom＋不定式 The poor man has no house in which to live.
真题例析
（2012湖南-34） Care of the soul is a gradual process _____even the small details of life should be considered. A. what B. in what C. which D. in which 【解析】本题考查定语从句。句意：关爱灵魂 是一个渐进的过程，在这个过程中，即使生 活中的小细节也应虑及。根据句意，先行词 process在定语从句中应作时间状语，“在这 个过程中”，所以该从句应用in which或关系 副词when来引导。
真题例析
Frank's dream was to have his own shop ____ to produce the workings of his own hands. (湖南) A. that B. in which C. by which D. how
解析：该题是考查“介词+ 关系代词+ 动词不 定式”的特殊结构，它可以还原为：Frank's dream was to have his own shop in which he could produce the workings of his own hands.
4.根据定语从句所表达的意义来确定 Air, without which man can’t live, is really important.
真题例析
（2012全国卷II-16） 100℃ is the temperature ___ which water will boil. A. for B. at C. on D. of 【解析】本题考查的是“介词+关系代词”引 导的定语从句。句意为：摄氏100度是水沸 腾的温度。此处介词的选择取决于与先行词 temperature的搭配，at a temperature“在某 一个温度”。
真题例析
She showed the visitors around the museum, the construction ______ had taken more than three years. [2011江西] A.for which B.with which C.of which D.to which [解析]考查介词+关系代词的用法。the construction of sth“某物的建造”,根据句意 可知应选C项。句意:她带领游客参观了那 座博物馆,其建造时间花了三年多。
t German, French and Russian, all of ______ she spoke fluently.[2011湖南] A.who B.whom C.which D.that [解析]考查定语从句中关系代词作介词的宾语。 定语从句中关系代词作介词的宾语,指代人时 用whom,指代物时用which;而that不用于介词 之后。句意:Julie 擅长德语、法语和俄语,这 三门语言她都说得很流利。
介词前置句型结构
1.名词+介词+关系代词 This is the teacher whose daughter is a famous doctor. =This is the teacher the daughter of whom is a famous doctor. 2.数词+介词+关系代词(含基数词、序数词、分数 和百分数） We have three foreign teachers, two of whom are from Canada. 3.代词+介词+关系代词（代词有all、both、none、 neither、either、some、any等）
真题例析
English is a language shared by several diverse cultures, each of _____uses it somewhat differently. [2011浙江] A.which B.what C.them D.those [解析] 考查定语从句的用法。根据语境可知 前后两句需要连接词,此处several diverse cultures为先行词,在后面的定语从句中作介词 of的宾语,故选用关系代词which。句意:英语是 一种被不同文化共享的语言,每种文化都略有 不同地使用这门语言。
真题例析
（2012上海卷-35） Have you sent thank-you notes to the relatives from____you received gifts? A. which B. them C. that D. whom 【解析】本题考察的是“介词+关系代词”引 导的定语从句。句意为：你把感谢信送给你 收到他们礼物的亲戚了吗？该定语从句修饰 的是relatives，所以关系代词为指人的whom。
真题例析
注意：有时候关系副词when和where也可以 用在介词之后，如since when、by when和 from where等。 The book was written in 1946, ____ the education system has witnessed great changes. (山东) A. when B. during which C. since then D. since when 解析：根据从句的意思确定是选since when， when在此指代时间状语1946。
真题例析
(2012四川卷-13) In our class there are 46 students, _____ half wear glasses. A. in whom B. in them C. of whom D. of them 【解析】本题考查定语从句。前后两句话之间 无连词，故不能用人称代词them而应用关系 代词whom引导定语从句；在46个学生当中， 表所属，应用of。故答案选C。
关系代词前介词的确定
1.根据从句中动词与先行词的逻辑关系： Is that the newspaper for which you often write articles? 2. 根据从句中动词或形容词的习惯搭配： Can you explain to me how to use these machines about which I’m sure. 3. 根据先行词与介词的搭配习惯： 1988 was the year in which she was born.
真题例析
（2012天津卷-7） I wish to thank Professor Smith, without _______ help I would never have got this far. A.who B. whose C. whom D. which 【解析】本题考查定语从句。句意为：我要感谢史密 斯教授，没有他的帮助我不可能走这么远。先行词 Mr Smith在从句中应作help的定语，所以应该选 whose。
“介词+关系代词”引导的 非限制性定语从句
介词的位置
1.介词放在动词后。 2.介词前置：放在关系代词which和whom之前。
3. 固定搭配：动词短语中的介词一般不能提前. 常见的这类动词短语有: look for/after/forward to、 care for、 take care of、hear of/about/from, 等. The girl whom he is looking after is his sister.