雅思阅读话题词汇—天文类Astronomy
astronomy,geology,geography词汇
astronomy 天文学astronomical 天文的astronomical observatory 天文台astronomical instruments 天文仪器astronomical telescope 天文望远镜astronomical observation 天文观测astronomical unit 天文单位astronomical almanac (yearbook) 天文年历planetarium 天文馆astronomer 天文学家astrophysics 天文物理学astrophysicist 天文物理学家astro photo graph 天体摄影影图astrology 占星学pseudoscience 伪科学hidebound 包紧的；思想狭隘的pinnacle (peak; summit; apex) 巅；顶峰deviate 偏离cosmos (universe)宇宙cosmology 宇宙学infinite 无限的cosmic 宇宙的cosmic force 宇宙力cosmic dust 宇宙尘cosmic noise 宇宙噪声cosmic radiation 宇宙辐射cosmic rays 宇宙射线cosmic speed 宇宙速度celestial 天的celestial body (heavenly body) 天体celestial map (sky atlas) 天体团celestial sphere 天球celestial globe 天球仪terrestrial …地球仪celestial mechanics 天体力学celestial navigation (astronavigation) 天文导航stellar 星的nebula (复数nebulae 或nebulas) 星云nebular (nebulous) 星云的；星云状的dwarf (dwarf star) 矮星quasar 类星体；类星射电源constellation 星座galaxy (Milky Way) 银河系observable 可观察到的cluster 星团solar 太阳的solar system 太阳系solar corona 日冕solar flare 日辉；太阳耀斑solar prominence 日珥solar eclipse 日食solar radiation 太阳辐射planet 行星planetoid (asteroid) 小行星revolve 旋转；绕转twinkle 闪烁naked eye 肉眼Mercury 水星Venus 金星Earth 地球Mars 火星Jupiter 木星Saturn 土星Uranus 天王星Neptune 海王星Pluto 冥王星orbit 轨道spin 旋转satellite 卫星lunar 月球的lunar eclipse 月蚀lunar probe 月球探测器lunar astronaut (lunarnaut; lunanaut) 登月宇航员lunar module (lunar excursion module) 登月舱lunar rover (lunar roving vehicle; moon rover) 月面车lunarscape (moonscape) 月面景色phase 月相；阶段meteor 流星meteor shower 流星雨meteoroid 流星体meteorite 陨石comet 彗星space (outer space) 太空；外层空间spacecraft (spaceship) 宇宙飞船space capsule 宇宙飞船座舱；航天舱spacelab 太空实验室spaceman (astronaut; cosmonaut) 宇航员；航天员space suit 宇航服；航天服space shuttle 航天飞机space telescope 空间望远镜2．GEOGRAPHY 地理geography 地理geographer 地理学家hemisphere 半球northern and southern hemispheres 北半球和南半球eastern and western hemispheres 东半球和西半球meridian 子午线；经线parallel 平行圈；纬线latitude 纬度high latitudes 高纬度地区low latitudes 低纬度地区temperate latitudes 温带地区longitude 经度horizon 地平线equator 赤道Tropics 热带地区Arctic 北极Antarctic (Antarctica) 南极expedition 探险zone 气候带time zone 时区topography 地形plain 平原plateau (highland) 高地lowland 低地basin 盆地cavern (cave) 洞穴terrain 地域subterranean (underground) 地底下coastland 沿海地区island 岛屿continental island 地陆岛volcano volcanic island 火山岛…eruptioncoral island 珊瑚岛islet 小岛peninsular 半岛continent 大陆continental shelf 大陆架ranges 山脉valley 峡谷canyon (通常谷底有溪涧流过的)峡谷channel (strait) 海峡survey 测绘elevation 海拔altitude 高度remote-sensing 遥感的terrestrial 地球的；陆地的globeterrestrial heat (geothermal; heat of the earth’s interior) 地热terrestrial magnetism (geomagnetism) 地磁3．GEOLOGY 地质Geology 地质学geologist (geologician) 地质学家geological (geologic) 地质学的geologic age (geological time) 地质时代geologic map 地质图geological survey 地质调查geochronology 地质年代学geoscience (earth science) 地球科学crust 地壳continental crust 大陆地壳oceanic crust 海洋地壳layer (stratum; 复数strata) 地层mantle 地幔core 地核plate 板块plate tectonics 板块构造论fault 断层fault plane 断层面fault zone 断层带rift (crack; split)断裂disintegration (decomposition)分解erosion侵蚀fossil化石rock 岩石igneous rock火成岩sedimentary rock沉积岩metamorphic rock变质岩quartz石英limestone石灰岩marble大理石granite花岗岩lithogenqus岩石成的lithosphere岩石圈magma岩浆prospect勘探sounding测探mine采矿mineral矿物ore矿石deposit矿床platinum白金；铂copper黄铜aluminum铝tin锡lead铅unleadedzine锌nickel镍mercury (quicksilver)汞；水银gem宝石diamond钻石emerald绿宝石ruby红宝石glacier冰川glacial冰川的glacial epoch (age, period)冰川期glacial drift冰碛iceberg冰山(ice)sheet 冰原；冰盖frigid (refrigerated; freezing)寒冷的plummet (气温)急剧下降thaw (melt) 融化retreat后退terminate(end)结束volcano 火山active volcano活火山extinct volcano死火山dormant volcano休眠火山eruption火山喷发crater火山口lava火山岩浆scoria火山渣volcanic火山的volcanic dust火山尘volcanic ash火山灰volcanic bombs火山弹earthquake (quake; tremor; seism)地震seismology地震学magnitude震级epicenter震中hypocenter (focus)震源(earthquake; seismic; shock)wave地震波cataclysm灾变。
谈论天文会用到什么英语单词(一篇)
谈论天文会用到什么英语单词（一篇）谈论天文会用到什么英语单词 11).astronomyHe is said to be the founder of modern astronomy1). n.天文学他被誉为现代天文学的奠基人。
2).cosmosOur planet is only a small part Of the cosmos2).n.宇宙我们的星球只是宇宙的一小部分。
3).planetThe planets move around the sun3).n.行星行星绕着太阳转。
4).MarsThis spaceship will fly to the Mars4).n.火星这个太空飞船将要飞向火星。
5).starThere are numberless stars In the sky5).n.星，恒星天空中有无数的星星。
6).meteorA meteor shot across the sky6).n.流星流星划过天空。
7).galaxyEach galaxy contains myriads of stars7).n.星系每一星系都有无数的恒星。
8).satelliteThe moon is the Earth's satellite8).n.人造卫星月球是地球的卫星。
9).moonWe all know that the moon goes round the earth 9).n.月亮，卫星我们都知道月亮绕着地球转。
10).sunThe sun rose at six o'clock in the morning. 10).太阳太阳早上6点升起。
11).spaceWe witnessed a rocket being launched into outer space 11).n.太空我们目睹了火箭被发射到太空。
12).astronautHer dream is to e an astronaut12).n.宇航员她的'梦想是当一名宇航员。
天文类专业英语词汇
一、基础词汇1. Astronomy（天文学）：研究宇宙中一切天体的学科。
2. Astrology（占星术）：根据天体运行规律预测人间事务的学说。
3. Celestial（天体的）：与天空或天体有关的。
4. Galaxy（银河系）：由大量恒星、星云、行星等组成的大型天体系统。
5. Star（恒星）：宇宙中的一种天体，能自行发光发热。
二、天体词汇1. Planet（行星）：围绕恒星运行，具有足够质量使其成为近似圆形的天体。
2. Satellite（卫星）：围绕行星或其他天体运行的自然或人造天体。
3. Comet（彗星）：由冰、尘埃和岩石组成，围绕太阳运行的小型天体。
4. Meteor（流星）：太空中的岩石或尘埃进入地球大气层燃烧产生的光迹。
5. Meteorite（陨石）：流星体坠落到地球表面的残骸。
三、观测与测量词汇1. Telescope（望远镜）：用于观测远处天体的光学仪器。
2. Observatory（天文台）：用于天文观测的场所，通常配备有各种望远镜。
3. Magnitude（星等）：衡量天体亮度的一种单位。
4. Parsec（秒差距）：用于测量天体距离的单位，相当于3.26光年。
5. Lightyear（光年）：光在一年内行进的距离，用于描述天体间的距离。
四、天体物理词汇1. Black hole（黑洞）：引力强大到连光都无法逃逸的天体。
2. Supernova（超新星）：恒星在生命终结时发生的一种爆炸现象。
3. Nebula（星云）：由气体和尘埃组成的星际物质云。
4. Quasar（类星体）：一种极为遥远、亮度极高的天体，被认为是活动星系的核心。
5. Redshift（红移）：天体光谱向红色端偏移的现象，通常用于测量天体的距离。
五、宇宙结构与演化词汇1. Universe（宇宙）：包含一切物质、能量、空间和时间的整体。
2. Cosmic microwave background（宇宙微波背景辐射）：大爆炸后残留下来的热辐射，是宇宙早期的证据。
astronomy天文学 英语英文小演讲
Galileo
Newton Harley
Kepler
Explore the universe is the eternal human desire
armillary sphere Dengfeng Stargazing sets（观星台） （观星台） 浑仪
Located in henan dengfeng, built in the early yuan dynasty.It’s China's earliest existing observatory
蟹状星云 (SN1054) nebula
射电
光学(HST)
蓝色：X-ray 红色：光学
Solar eclipse（日食）
In china……
The night fell in the day…
What happened and what will happen in china these years. • • • • • • • • 2008年8月1日日全食 2009年7月22日日全食 2010年1月15日日环食 2012年5月21日日环食 Annular eclipse 2020年6月21日日环食 2030年6月1日日环食 2034年3月20日日全食 2035年9月2日日全食
There is a good new that this year an Annular eclipse will go through china We can even image how amazing it will be
But the bad new is that it won’t go through shanghai….
Now we know the main objects in the universe is staБайду номын сангаасs（恒星） and nebulae（星云）, because they have great quality
(浙江专用)unit 4 astronomy the science of the stars period 2
PeriodTwo WarmingUp&Reading—LanguagePoints一、词汇过关基础词汇1.astronomyn．天文学2．systemn．系统；体系；制度3．theoryn．学说；理论4．atomn．原子5．globen．球体；地球仪；地球6．atmospheren．大气层；气氛7．chainvt.链子；连锁；锁链8．multiplyvi.&vt.乘；增加9．oxygenn．氧10．thusadv.因此；于是拓展词汇1.violentadj.猛烈的；激烈的；强暴的→violencen．猛烈；激烈2．unlikeprep.与……不同；不像→likeprep.像3．harmfuladj.有害的→harmn．&v．损害；危害→harmlessadj.无害的4．existvi.存在；生存→existencen．生存；存在5．puzzlen．谜；难题；vt.&vi.(使)迷惑；(使)为难→puzzlingadj.令人迷惑的→puzzledadj.感到迷惑的联想归纳1．构词法(1)[规则]harm (n.&v ．损害)――→＋ful harmful (adj.有害的)――→＋lessharmless (adj.无害的) [联想]①careful 小心的；careless 粗心的 ②hopeful 有希望的；hopeless 无希望的 ③helpful 有帮助的；helpless 无助的 ④useful 有用的；useless 无用的(2)[规则]like (prep.像)――→＋un unlike (prep.不像) [联想]①unusual 不寻常的 ②unable 不能够的 ③unfair 不公平的 ④unfit 不健康的 ⑤unhappy 不高兴的2．话题词汇——与“学科”有关的词汇 (1)astronomyn ．天文学 (2)biologyn ．生物学 (3)historyn ．历史学 (4)geographyn ．地理学 (5)chemistryn ．化学 (6)physicsn ．物理学 (7)politicsn ．政治学 (8)mathematicsn ．数学 (9)Chinesen ．语文 二、短语互译 汉译英1．intime 及时；终于 2．layeggs 下蛋 3．givebirthto 产生；分娩 4．inone’sturn 轮到某人 5．prevent...from 阻止；制止英译汉1．beginwith 从……开始；起源于 2．inalldirections 朝四面八方3．aswellas 也；还；和……一样好 4．asaresultof 由于……结果 5．dependon/upon 取决于；依靠 三、重点句式 教材原句1.Whatitwastobecomewasuncertainuntilbetween4.5and3.8billionyearsagowhenthedustsettledintoas olidglobe.随后它会变成什么没人能知道，直到38～45亿年前，这团尘埃才慢慢形成了一个固体的球状物。
Unit 4 Astronomy：
二、必备短语 1．lay eggs 下蛋 2．in one's _turn 轮到某人；接着 3．block out 挡住(光线) 4．get the hang of 熟悉；掌握；理解 5．watch out 密切注视；当心；提防 6．depend on 依靠 7．cheer up 感到高兴；感到振奋 8．now that 既然 9．give birth to 产生；分娩 10．prevent from 阻止；制止
即境活用 People do not now believe in the________of ghosts. A．birth B．evidence C．existence D．occurrence
答案 C 解析 句意：现在人们不相信鬼魂的存在。existence“存 在”； birth“出生”； evidence“证据； 物证”； occurrence“发 生(的事情)，出现；存在(的事物)”。
▲in time for...后接名词，意为“刚好赶上„„”。 ▲in time to do sth.及时做某事 I saved my bacon by arriving just in time for the meeting. 我刚好及时到会，才算没受责备。 The car came to a halt just in time to prevent an accident. 汽车及时停下，避免了一场车祸。
说考点
拓展延伸串知识
第一讲 重点单词 1．harmful adj.有害的，其反义词为 harmless。 It is generally accepted that smoking is harmful to our health. 吸烟有害健康，这是大家公认的。 It's harmful to your eyes to read on the bus. 在公共汽车上看书对你的眼睛有害。 The dog seems fierce，but he's harmless. 这狗看似凶狠，但不伤人。
托福阅读学科词汇
托福词汇汇总分学科词汇一parti.天文类1 ASTRONOMY 天文astronomy天文学astronomical 天文的astronomical observatory 天文台astronomer天文学家astrophysics 天文物理学astrology占星学pseudoscience 伪科学cosmos(universe)宇宙cosmology 宇宙学infinite无限的cosmic宇宙的cosmic radiation 宇宙辐射cosmic rays宇宙射线celestial 天的celestial body (heavenly body)天体celestial map (sky atlas) 天体图celestial sphere 天球dwarf (dwarf star) 矮星quasar类星体，类星射电源constellation 星座galaxy (Milky Way)新河系cluster 星团solar system 太阳系solar corona 日冕solar eclipse 日食solar radiation 太阳辐射planet行星planetoid (asteroid)小行星revolve 旋转，绕转twinkle 闪烁naked eye 肉眼Mercury 水星Venus金星Earth 地球Mars火星Jupiter 木星Saturn 土星Uranus天王星Neptune海王星Pluto冥王星orbit轨道spin 旋转satellite 卫星lunar 月球的meteor流星meteor shower 流星雨meteoroid流星体meteorite 陨石comet彗星space (outer space) 太空，外层空间spacecraft (spaceship)宇宙飞船spaceman ( astronaut) 宇航员，航天员space suit宇航服，航天服space shuttle航天飞机space telescope空间望远镜astronaut宇航员star恒星stellar恒星的intergalactic 星系间的interstellar恒星间的interplanetary 行星间的asteroid小行星nebula星云space debris太空垃圾ammonia 氨corona日冕chromosphere 色球photosphere 色球层convection zone 对流层vacuum真空infrared ray 红外线chondrite 球粒absolute magnitude 绝对量级radiation 辐射emission发射，散发high-resolution 高清晰度interferometer 干扰仪分学科词汇一part2.地理类GEOGRAPHY 地理geography 地理geographer地理学家hemisphere 半球meridian子午线，经线sediment沉淀物，沉积物parallel平行圈，纬线tropical热带的latitude 经度temperate温带的longitude 精度frigid 寒带的elevation 海拔formation 形成altitude 高度frost heaving冻胀现象temperate latitudes 温带地区fieldstone 卵石horizon地平线equator 赤道tropics热带地区学科词汇一part3.地质类Arctic北极geology地质学Antarctic(Antarctica)南极geologist地质学家expedition 探险crust地壳time zone 时区mantle地幔topography地形，地形学core地核plain平原continental crust 大陆地壳plateau (highland)高地oceanic crust海洋地壳lowland 低地layer (stratum,复数strata)地层basin盆地plate板块cavern (cave)洞穴fault断层terrain 地域fault plane 断层面subterranean ( underground)地底卜fault zone断层带coastland沿海地区rift (crack; split)断裂island岛屿disintegration (decomposition)分解continental island 大陆岛erosion 腐蚀volcanic island 火山岛fossil化石coral island 珊瑚岛igneous rock 火成岩islet小岛sedimentary rock 沉积岩peninsular 半岛metamorphic rock 变质岩continent 大陆quartz 石英continental shelf 大陆架limestone石灰岩ranges山脉marble大理石valley峡谷granite花岗岩canyon峡谷lithogenous 岩成的channel (strait)海峡lithosphere 岩石圈remote-sensing 遥感的magma岩浆terrestrial地球的，陆地的mineral 矿物terrestrial heat (geothermal) 地热ore矿石terrestrial magnetism (geomagnetism)地磁deposit 矿床continental drift大陆漂移学说platinum 白金，铂sea-floor spreading 海床扩展silver 银evaporation 蒸发copper黄铜salinity含盐度aluminum 铝ocean bottom 海床tin锡lead 铅zinc 锌nickel 镍mercury汞，水银sodium 钠gem宝石diamond 钻石emerald绿宝石ruby红宝石glacier 冰川glacial冰川的glacial epoch ( age, period) 冰川期glacial drift 冰渍iceberg 冰山volcano 火山active volcano 活火山extinct volcano 死火山dormant volcano 休眠火山eruption火山喷发crater 火山口lava火山岩浆volcanic火山的volcanic dust 火山尘volcanic ash 火山灰earthquake ( quake; tremor; seism)地震seismic地震的seismology 地震学magnitude 震级seismic wave 地震波cataclysm 灾变分学科词汇一part4.考古，人类anthropologist 人类学家paleoanthropologist 古人类学家ecological anthropologist 生态人类学家psychological anthropologist 心理人类学家origin 起源originate起源于ancestor 祖先hominid 人（科）homogeneous同一种族（种类）的tribe 部落clan氏族archeologist考古学家excavation 挖掘excavate (unearth)挖掘ruins 遗迹，废墟remains遗迹，遗骸artifact手工艺品relic遗物，文物antique古物，古董antiquity古代，古老Stone Age石器时代Bronze Age (青)铜器时代Iron Age铁器时代Paleolithic旧石器时代的Mesolithic 中石器时代的Neolithic新石器时代的archaeology 考古学anthropology 人类学morphology 形态学skull颅骨cranial颅骨的分学科词汇一part5.生态类5 ECOLOGY生态学ecologist生态学家ecosystem生态系统balance (of nature)自然界生态平衡fauna动物群flora植物群rain forest 雨林food chain食物链acid rain 酸雨greenhouse effect 温室效应infrared radiation 红外线辐射ozone layer (ozonosphere)臭氧层ultraviolet radiation 紫外辐射pollution 污染pollution control 污染控制air pollution空气污染water pollution 水污染noise pollution 噪音污染soil pollution 土壤污染pollution-free 无污染pollutant污染物noxious (toxic)有毒的fumes (有毒)废气waste废物solid waste固体垃圾sewage (wastewater)污水sewage purification 污水净化sewage disposal 污水处理decibel (噪音)分贝分学科词汇_part6气象类Meteorology 气象meteorology 气象meteorologist 气象学家forecast (predict)预才艮climate 气候atmosphere 大气层troposphere 对流层current (气)流vapor蒸汽evaporate 蒸发damp (wet; moist; humid)潮湿的humidity 湿度moisture潮湿；水分saturate 饱和dew 露frost 霜fog (mist)雾smog 烟雾droplet小水珠condense 浓缩crystal水晶体downpour (torrential rain)大雨tempest (storm)暴风雨drizzle 细雨shower阵雨hail 冰雹blizzard (snowstorm)暴风雪avalanche (snowslide)雪崩precipitation (雨、露、雪等)降水breeze微风gale大风whirlwind 旋风typhoon 台风hurricane 飓风tornado (twister, cyclone)龙卷风funnel 漏斗，漏斗云disaster (calamity, catastrophe)灾难devastation 破坏submerge 淹没drought 旱灾分学科词汇(word,mp3)----part7化学类chemistry 化学chemical property化学特性，化学性质chemical composition ( makeup )化学成分chemical agent 化学试剂chemical reaction 化学反应chemical change 化学变化chemical bond 化学键chemical apparatus 化学器械substance (matter; material)物质element 元素periodic table 周期表hydrogen 氢oxygen 氧nitrogen 氮helium 氦carbon 碳calcium 钙silicon 硅sulfur 硫iodine 碘compound化合物hydrocarbon碳氢化合物derivative 衍生物alchemy炼金术petroleum (oil)石油petroleum products 石油产品crude oil 原油refine提炼，精炼gasoline 汽油methane 甲烷solution 溶液dissolve 溶解solvent 溶剂solubility 可溶性cohesive聚合力adhesive粘合力atom原子nucleus原子核electron 电子neutron 中子proton质子molecule 分子particle 粒子ion 离子particle accelerator 粒子加速器catalysis (复数catalyses)催化作用catalyst催化剂artificial 人造的synthetic合成的synthetic fiber 人造纤维polymer 聚合物polymerization 聚合作用plastic 塑料dye染料cosmetics化妆品分学科词汇一part8物理类8．PHYSICS 物理physics 物理mechanics 力学thermodynamics 热力学acoustics 声学electromagnetism 电磁学optics光学dynamics动力学force 力velocity 速度acceleration 力口速度equilibrium 平衡statics静力学motion运动inertia 惯性gravitation 弓|力relativity 相对gravity地心引力vibration 震动medium (media)媒质frequency 频率wavelength 波长pitch音高intensity 强度echo 回声resonance回声，洪亮sonar声纳ultrasonics 超声学electricity 电static electricity 静电magnetism磁性，磁力magnet磁体electromagnet 电磁magnetic field 磁场electric current 电流direct current (DC)直流电alternating current (AC)交流电electric circuit 电路electric charge 电荷electric voltage 电压electric shock 触电electric appliance 电器conductor 导体insulator绝缘体semiconductor 半导体battery (cell)电池dry battery 干电池storage battery 蓄电池electronics 电子学electronic 电子的electronic component (part) 电子零件integrated circuit 集成电路chip 集成电器片，集成块electron tube 电子管vacuum tube 真空管transistor 晶体管amplification (名词)放大amplify (动词)放大amplifier放大器，扬声器oscillation 震荡optical光(学)的optical fiber光学纤维lens 透镜，镜片convex凸透镜concave凹透镜microscope 显微镜telescope望远镜magnifier放大镜spectrum 光谱ultraviolet紫夕卜线X rays X射线Gamma rays Y射线infrared rays红夕卜线microwaves 微波dispersion 色散transparent 透明translucent 半透明opaque不透明的divide除以algebra 代数quantity表示量的数（或符号）equation方程式，等式formula 公式root 根geometry 几何geometric几何的dimension 维parallel adj.平行的n.平行线quadrilateral 四边形square 正方形area面积rectangle长方形，矩形polygon多边形cube 立方形volume体积分学科词汇一part9数学类9 MATHEMATICS mathematics 数字mathematician 数字豕arithmetic 算术calculation 计算calculator 计算器abacus算盘numeral 数字sum和total (sum total)总和，总数aggregate 总计fraction分数，小数decimal 十进位，(十进)小数digit数字，数位percentage 百分比addition 加法plus加上subtraction 减法minus 减去sphere球形circle圆形ellipse (oval)椭圆形cone圆锥形circumference 圆周diameter 直径radius半径triangle 三角形angle 角degree (角)度calculus微积分differential calculus 微分学integral calculus 积分学function 函数probability 概率statistics 统计quantitative量的，数量的qualitative质的，质量的deduction (inference)推论，演绎induction 归纳multiplication 乘法multiplication table 乘法表multiply 乘以times乘以power乘方square平方division 除法分学科词汇_part10农业类10 AGRICULTURE 农业agriculture (farming)农业agricultural 农业的land (soil) 土壤；土地soil conservation 土壤保护hydroponics水栽法，营养液栽培法soil erosion 泥土流失greenhouse(glasshouse, hotbed)温室silt粉砂，泥沙cabbage 洋白菜clay 黏土，湿土lettuce 生菜clod 土块mustard 芥菜agrarian 土地的，农业的spinach 菠菜pilot (experimental )试验性的broccoli花椰菜harrow( rake)耙，耙土cucumber 黄瓜ridge田埂eggplant 茄子furrow犁沟pepper辣椒plot (patch)小块地pumpkin 南瓜ranch农场，牧场tomato西红柿plantation 种植园beet 甜菜orchard 果园carrot胡萝卜nursery 苗圃radish小红萝卜seedbed 苗床pea 豌豆sickle 镰刀soybean 大豆spade 铲，锹celery 芹菜shovel (平头) 铲garlic大蒜pick 稿leek韭菜tractor拖拉机onion洋葱头cultivate (till)耕作potato 土豆sow(seed)播种peanut 花生harvest 收割sesame芝麻weed除草cotton棉花irrigate 灌溉husbandry (animal husbandry) 畜牧业manurefertilizer)月肥料pasture 牧场spray喷洒（农药）livestock 家畜insecticide(pesticide)杀虫剂fowl (poultry)家禽pest害虫cattle牛，家畜rust锈病buffalo 野牛grain (cereal)谷物，谷粒dairy (dairy cattle) 奶牛granary(grain store)粮仓dairy farm 孚L牛场mill碾，磨hay （作饲料用）干草wheat小麦haystack干草堆corn玉米fodder (feed)饲料rice 大米trough饲料槽barley大麦barn(shed)牲口槽sorghum 高粱stable厩，马厩oats燕麦cowshed 牛棚rye黑麦pigpen (hog pen, pigsty)猪圈millet粟，小米sheepfold (sheep pen)羊栏vegetable 蔬菜roost (hen house)鸡舍horticulture 园艺学fish farm养鱼场aquaculture水产养殖分学科词汇--partll动物类11 ANIMAL 动物Darvinism达尔文学说natural selection 自然选择class 纲order 目family 科genus 属suborder 亚目species 种invertebrate无脊椎动物vertebrate脊椎动物aquatic（ life）水生动物reptile爬行动物amphibian （amphibious animal）两栖动物dinosaur 恐龙bird鸟类extinction 灭绝mammal哺乳动物primates灵长目动物insect昆虫antenna （复数antennae）触须larva幼虫，幼体camouflage 伪装pest害虫worm虫，蠕虫hibernate 冬眠lizard蜥蜴chameleon变色蜥蜴regeneration 再生turtle 龟beast野兽domesticate 驯养predatory （carnivorous ）食肉的predator捕食者prey （动词）捕食（名词）被捕食的动物scavenger食腐动物migrate 迁移wing翅膀，翼bill （鸟）嘴beak （鹰等的）嘴nest筑巢dolphin 海豚whale 鲸鱼bat蝙蝠gorilla大猩猩chimpanzee 黑猩猩habitat栖息地rodent啮齿动物（如松鼠）primate灵长动物plankton浮游生物mollusk软体动物coelenterate腔肠动物（如珊瑚）shrimp小虾prawn对虾lobster 对虾crab螃蟹clam 蛤蜊sponge海绵coral珊瑚starfish 海星canary金丝雀chirp （鸟，虫的叫声）唧唧squeak （老鼠等）吱吱porpoise海月豕sloth树懒slothful懒惰的hygiene 卫生sanitation 卫生parasite寄生虫moth 蛾caterpillar 毛虫hordes （昆虫等）群swarms （昆虫等）群flock （鸟，羊等）群community动物的群落或人的部落herd兽群bunch （花等）束，捧beaver海狸monogamous 一夫一妻的，一雄一雌的polygamous 一夫多妻的，一雄多雌的polyandrous 一妻多夫的，一雌多雄的trapper诱捕动物者rhinoceros 犀牛peel(skin)果皮 shell (硬) 果壳husk (干)果壳；(玉米)苞叶 trunk 树干 branch 树枝 bough 大或者粗的树枝twig 小树枝bark 树皮jungle 丛林lawn 草坪meadow 草地，牧场prairie 大草原shrub (bush)灌木cluster 一簇(灌木)fern 蕨类植物herb 草 photosynthesis 光合作用 symbiosis 共生 wither (shrivel, fade)凋谢 pollen 花粉pollinate 传授花粉pollination 授粉cell 细胞 tissue 组织organ 器官 system 系统 seeds 种子 everlasting 永久的 orchid 兰花 pollinate 授粉 crossbreed 杂交 shrub 灌木 sequoia 红杉 root pressure 根压 cohesion-tension 凝聚压力 bore 腔，肠 column 花柱 symbiotic 共生的 immunity 免疫 organism 生物，有机物 necrosis 坏死 barren 贫瘠 futile 无用的 carbohydrate (starch)碳水化合物(淀粉)，niche 小生态环境vestige 退化器官，遗迹 oyster 牡蛎fertilizer 使…受精larvae 幼虫tentacle 触角homotherm 恒温动物poikilotherm 变温动物metabolism 新陈代谢 baboon狒狒breed （名词）品种，（动词）繁殖 multiply （reproduce ）繁殖 hatch 孵spawn （鱼、虾、蛙等）孵offspring （young ）解剖学anatomy 解剖学appetite 食欲creature 生物microbe 微生物herbivorous 食草的carnivorous 食肉的omnivorous 杂事的分学科词汇_part12植物类 12 PLANT 植物 botany 植物学 botanist 植物学家 botanical (botanic)植物的 plant 植物 aquatic plant 水生植物 parasite plant 寄生植物 root 根 canopy 树冠层，顶棚 foliage (leaf)叶 leaflet 小叶 rosette (叶的)丛生 stem 茎 stalk 杆 leafstalk 叶柄 shoot (sprout )嫩芽，抽枝 flower 花 bud 花蕾 petal 花瓣糖类glucose葡萄糖starch淀粉fat脂肪protein 蛋白质vitamin维他命calorie卡路里（热量单位）malnourished 营养不良的nutrition 营养military军事的colonize拓殖，殖民per capita 人均treason 叛国conspiracy 阴谋imprisonment 监禁release 释放pardon特赦accusation谴责，指控welfare 福利patronage资助，赞助分学科词汇--partl3政治类13 POLITICS 政治constitution 宪法unionization 联合，结合legislation 立法Democrats民主党Republicans 共和党Amendment修正案Congress美国国会Senate参议院House of Representatives 众议院monarchy 君主制anarchism无政府主义federal system 联邦制presidential system 总统制municipal市的，市政的metropolitan大都市的centralized中央集权的ideology意识形态maneuver 擦略tariff关税immigrant 移民institutionalize 机构化election 选举vote投票officeholding 任职veto否决American Revolution美国革命/独立战争Independence War美国独立战争American Civil War 美国内战radical激进的，根本的overturning颠覆性的independent 独立的breathtaking激动人心的分学科词汇_part14教育类14EDUCATION 教育educator教育家higher education 高等教育moral character 道德品质domain领域faculty全体教员alumni校友treasurer生活委员，财务大臣elective system 选课制度curriculum课程（总称）discipline学科，管理learn by rote死记硬背分学科词汇一part15音乐类15MUSIC 音乐musical instrument 乐器orchestra 乐队string弦乐wind管乐shook rattle摇拨浪鼓pound drum 击鼓footbeat点脚，跺脚percussion震荡，打击乐器note音符score乐谱movement 乐章fanatical狂热的hillbilly music 乡村音乐folk music民间音乐claw 爪子pop music流行音乐horn 角classical music 古典音乐nourish 滋养,供给 .. 营养Jazz 爵士乐clam 蚌crab 虾beaver 狸分学科词汇_part16心理类pond 池塘PSYCHOLOGY 心理puddle 水坑mental心理的snail 蜗牛physical身体的，物质的，物理的shrimp 虾spiritual心灵的hormone 荷尔蒙conformity 从众intestine 肠majority 多数人corn 谷物minority少数人squash 南瓜threshold judgment （心理学）初始性判断bean 豆类植物subject受实验对象nectar花蜜pollen花粉hive 蜂巢托福阅读历年真题文章题材:生物类moss 苔藓（一）生物类：hibernate 冬眠chlorophyll 叶绿素penguin 企鹅amino acids 氨基酸reef 礁protein 蛋白质coral 珊瑚nitrogen 氮beak 鸟嘴photosynthetic(adj.) photosynthesis(n.) 光enzymes 酵母合作用larvae 幼虫botany植物学tadpole 蝌蚪botanist 植物学家caterpillar 毛虫lichen 地衣,苔藓grasshopper 蚱蜢fungus(pl. fungi ) 菌类toad 蟾蜍algae(pl. alga) 海藻herbicide 除草剂bacterium(pl.bacteria) 细菌secretion(n.) secrete(v.) 分泌organism 有机物pancreas 胰腺rodent 啮齿类动物odor 气味primate 灵长类动物roe 鱼卵mammal 哺乳类动物caviar 鱼子酱reptile 爬行类动物raccoon 浣熊predator 捕食者gland 腺体prey 被捕食者cricket 蟋蟀aquatic 水生的artery 动脉vein 静脉fingernail 指甲scale 鳞片。
必修3 Unit 4 Astronomy the science of the stars
必修3Unit 4Astronomy: the science of the stars要点梳理●重点单词1．astronomy n．天文学→astronomer n．天文学家2．system n．系统；体系；制度3．theory n．学说；理论→theoretical adj.理论上的4．globe n．球体；地球仪；地球→global adj.全球性的；全世界的5．violent adj.猛烈的；激烈的；强暴的→violence n．暴力→violently adv.猛烈地6．atmosphere n．大气层；气氛7．unlike prep.不同；不像→dislike vt.不喜欢8．presence n．出席；到场；存在→present adj. & n. & v．在场的；目前，现在；出席；颁发，授予9．harmful adj.有害的；伤害的→harm n．危害，害处→harmless adj.无害的10．exist vi.存在，生存→existence n．存在，生存12．gravity n．万有引力；重力11．puzzle n．谜；难题vt. & vi.(使)迷惑；(使)为难→puzzled adj.迷惑的→puzzling adj.令人迷惑的13．satellite n．卫星；人造卫星14．climate n．气候15．spaceship n．宇宙飞船16．pull n. & vt.拉(力)；拖；牵引力17．float vi. & vt.(使)浮动；(使)漂浮n．漂浮物18．mass n．质量；团；块；大量；(复)群众●重点短语1．in time及时；终于2．lay eggs 下蛋3．give birth to产生；分娩4．in one’s turn 轮到某人；接着5．prevent...from 阻止；制止6．block out挡住(光线)7．cheer up感到高兴；感到振奋8．now that 既然9．break out突发；爆发10．watch out密切注视；当心；提防11．cool down 冷却12．as well as 也；还有……13．depend on依靠；依赖，取决于14．get close to 靠近●重点句型1．This produced a chain reaction, which made it possible for life to develop.这就形成一个连锁反应，使生命发展成为可能。
天文类专业英语词汇
WORD格式分学科词汇天文类satellite卫星1ASTRONOMY天文lunar月球的astronomy天文学meteor流星astronomical天文的meteorshower流星雨astronomicalobservatory天文台meteoroid流星体astronomer天文学家meteorite陨石astrophysics天文物理学comet彗星astrology占星学space(outerspace)太空，外层空间pseudoscience伪科学spacecraft(spaceship)宇宙飞船cosmos(universe)宇宙spaceman(astronaut)宇航员，航天员cosmology宇宙学spacesuit宇航服，航天服infinite无限的spaceshuttle航天飞机cosmic宇宙的spacetelescope空间望远镜cosmicradiation宇宙辐射astronaut宇航员cosmicrays宇宙射线star恒星celestial天的stellar恒星的celestialbody(heavenlybody)天体intergalactic星系间的celestialmap(skyatlas)天体图interstellar恒星间的celestialsphere天球interplanetary行星间的dwarf(dwarfstar)矮星asteroid小行星quasar类星体，类星射电源nebula星云constellation星座spacedebris太空垃圾galaxy(MilkyWay)新河系ammonia氨cluster星团corona日冕solarsystem太阳系chromosphere色球solarcorona日冕photosphere色球层solareclipse日食convectionzone对流层solarradiation太阳辐射vacuum真空planet行星infraredray红外线planetoid(asteroid)小行星chondrite球粒revolve旋转，绕转absolutemagnitude绝对量级twinkle闪烁radiation辐射nakedeye肉眼emission发射，散发Mercury水星high-resolution高清晰度Venus金星interferometer干扰仪Earth地球Mars火星Jupiter木星Saturn土星Uranus天王星Neptune海王星Pluto冥王星orbit轨道spin旋转专业资料整理。
托福天文词汇astronomy
天文词汇Asteroids 小行星Minor bodies of the solar system, formed by rock, metal, or a mixture of both. Most asteroids orbit the Sun between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter. Their size ranges from dozens of feet to hundreds of miles.Atmosphere 大气层Layer of gas retained around a planet by its gravity. It is also the outer layer of matter in a star, where the energy produced in the star's interior is emitted in the form of radiation.Atom 原子The smallest part of an element that partakes of all the element's properties. It is generally composed of three subatomic particles: the neutron, the proton, and the electron.Aurora 极光；曙光Luminous phenomenon, with red and green layers, visible in the skies of the polar regions.The auroras are caused by the collision of solar particles with the Earth's atmosphere.Big Bang 大爆炸Cosmological theory asserting that the universe began to exist as a result of a great explosion that occurred some 14 billion years ago.Big Crunch 大压缩Cosmological theory asserting that the universe would undergo a final, complete collapse if it were to begin to contract.Black Hole 黑洞Celestial body so dense that not even light can escape its gravity.Comet 彗星Object made of ice and rock dust. When a comet approaches the Sun, the growing heat causes the ice to evaporate, forming a gaseous head and a tail of dust and gas pointing away from the Sun.Constellation 星系，星座Group of stars in the sky. Constellations tend to bear the names of mythological characters or creatures. To astronomers, the constellations demarcate regions of the sky.Core 地心In a planet, a solid, high-pressure central mass; in a star, the central region undergoing nuclear fusion; in a galaxy, the innermost light-years.Crater 弹坑Circular depression formed by the impact of a meteorite on the surface of a natural satellite or a planet.Crust 地壳Rocky layer of the surface of a planet or natural satellite.Decay 衰变Process by which radioactive elements and unstable particles become stable substances.Also the way in which black holes eventually disappear.Density 密度Degree of solidity of a body (its mass divided by its volume).Eclipse 日蚀，月食Visual concealment of one celestial body by another. A lunar eclipse occurs when the Moon passes into the Earth's shadow, and a solar eclipse takes place when the Earth passes into the Moon's shadow.Elliptical Orbit 轨道Orbit shaped like a flattened circle. All orbits are elliptical. A circle is a special form of an ellipse.Extraterrestrial 天外来客Foreign to the Earth.Galaxy 银河Collection of billions of stars, nebulae, dust, and interstellar gas held together by gravity.Gravity 重力Attractive force between bodies, such as between the Earth and the Moon.Greenhouse Effect 温室效应Temperature increase caused by gases (such as carbon dioxide and methane) that prevent the surface heat of a planet from escaping into space.Kuiper Belt 柯伊伯带Region of the solar system that is home to millions of frozen objects, such as comets. It stretches from the orbit of Neptune to the inner limit of the Oort cloud.Light Pollution 光污染Brightness of the sky originating in street illumination and other artificial lighting, which impedes the observation of dim celestial objects.Light-Year 光年Standard astronomical measurement unit equivalent to the distance traveled by light, orany form of electromagnetic radiation, in oneMagnetic Field 磁场The area near a magnetic body, electric current, or changing electric field. Planets, stars, and galaxies have magnetic fields that extend into space.Magnetosphere 磁气圈Sphere that surrounds a planet with a magnetic field strong enough to protect the planet fromthe solar wind.Mantle 地幔Layer that lies between the crust and the core of a planet.Mass 质量Measure of the amount of matter in an object.Meteorite 陨石，流星Rocky or metallic object that strikes the surface of a planet or satellite, where it can form a crater.Milky Way 银河系The galaxy to which the Sun and the solar system belong. It is visible as a pale band of light that crosses our night sky.Nebulae 星云Clouds of gas and dust in space. Nebulae can be seen when they reflect starlight or when they obstruct light from sources behind them.Nuclear Fusion 核聚变Nuclear reaction in which relatively light elements (such as hydrogen) form heavier elements (such as helium). Nuclear fusion is the source of energy that makes stars shine.Photon 光子Elemental particle responsible for electromagnetic radiation. Photons are the most common particles in the universe.Planet 行星Roughly spherical object made of rocks or gas orbiting a star. A planet cannot generate itsown light but reflects the light of its parent star.Polestar 北极星Polaris, a star that lies near the celestial north pole. Polaris is commonly called the North Star. Over thousands of years, other stars will become the polestar.Proton 质子Subatomic particle with positive electrical charge. It forms part of the nucleus of an atom.Radio Galaxy 电波星系Active galaxy emitting energy as both radio waves and light. Most of the radio emission originates at the core of the galaxy.Space 太空The medium through which all celestial bodies move.Spectral Analysis 光谱分析Study of spectral lines that provide information about the composition of stars or galaxies and their redshifts.Spectrum 光谱The result of dispersing the electromagnetic radiation of an object so that the wavelengths of which it is composed can be seen. Dark lines that originate from elements that are present and punctuate the spectrum at specific wavelengths reveal the composition of the object.Star 恒星Enormous sphere of gas (generally hydrogen) that radiates light and heat. The Sun is a star.Sunspots 黑子Dark, relatively cool spots on the surface of the Sun. They tend to be located on either side ofthe solar equator and are created by the solar magnetic field.Tide 潮汐The effect of the gravitational pull of one astronomical object upon the surface of another. Ocean tides on Earth are an example.Vacuum 真空Space occupied by little or no matter.Wavelength 波长Distance between the peaks of any wave of electromagnetic radiation. Radiation with a short wavelength (such as X-rays) has more energy than radiation with a longer wavelength (such as radio waves).Zenith 顶点Point in the sky 90°above the horizon (that is, immediately above an observer).Zodiac 黄道带，十二宫图Twelve constellations through which the Sun, the Moon, and the planets appear to move.NASA 美国航天宇航局National Aeronautics and Space Administration, the U.S. organization in charge of space exploration. Its headquarters are in Washington, D.C. NASA was created in 1958 by President Dwight D. Eisenhower.Pressure Suit 航天服An airtight, inflatable suit designed to protect the body from low pressure at high altitude or in space. A space suit is a type of pressure suit.Space Probe 航天测试Unmanned spacecraft sent to gather information from planets and other bodies of the solar system. Some probes are limited to flying close to a planet. At a preset distance, the instruments are activated to record data. When the probe leaves the planet behind, the instruments are deactivated. Many probes have been sent to land on the surface of a body of the solar system. Such probes have been used to land on the Moon, Venus, Mars, and Saturn's moon Titan.Telescope 望远镜Instrument for magnifying the image of distant objects. Astronomical telescopes are used for observing the stars, planets, and other celestial bodies. The term is used to refer to instruments that magnify an optical image or an image produced by other types of electromagnetic radiation, such as radio waves. The Hubble Space Telescope is an orbiting telescope that can make observations free from the distorting effects of the atmosphere.。
C312-14_Book 3 Unit 4 Astronomy_ the science of the stars词汇积累
Book 3Unit 4Astronomy: the science of the stars词汇积累分层单词▶写作词汇1.prep.与……不同;不像2.adv.因此,于是3.adj.温和的;文雅的4.n.气候答案 1.unlike 2.thus 3.gentle 4.climate▶阅读词汇1.astronomy n.2.system n.3.globe n.4.atmosphere n.5.fundamental adj.6.chain n.7.multiply vt. & vi.8.gravity n.9.satellite n.10.physicist n.11.crash vi. & vt.12.spaceship n.13.pull n. & vt.14.float vi. & vt. n.15.oxygen n.答案 1.天文学 2.系统;体系;制度 3.球体;地球仪;地球 4.大气层;气氛 5.基本的;基础的 6.链子;连锁;锁链7.乘;增加8.万有引力;重力9.卫星;人造卫星10.物理学家11.碰撞;坠落12.宇宙飞船13.拉(力);拖;牵引力14.(使)浮动;(使)漂浮漂浮物15.氧▶拓展词汇1.adj.猛烈的;激烈的;强暴的→n.暴力→adv.暴力地;猛烈地2.adj.有害的→n. & v.伤害→adj.无害的3.vi.存在;生存→n.存在;生存4.vi. & vt.(使)迷惑;(使)为难n.谜;难题→adj.迷惑不解的→adj.令人迷惑的5.n.生物学→n.生物学家答案 1.violent;violence;violently 2.harmful;harm;harmless 3.exist;existence4.puzzle;puzzled;puzzling5.biology;biologist高频短语1.及时;终于2.熟悉;掌握;理解3.产生;分娩4.轮到某人5.阻止;制止6.感到高兴;感到振奋7.既然8.突发;爆发9.密切注意;当心;提防10.挡住(光线)答案 1.in time 2.get the hang of 3.give birth to 4.in one’s turn 5.prevent...from6.cheer up7.now that8.break out9.watch out for10.block out经典句型1.This produced a chain reaction,which(使生命的发展成为可能).2.(很多科学家所相信的是)the continued presence of water allowed the earth to dissolve harmful gases and acids into the oceans and seas.st month I(我足够有幸有机会)to make a trip into space with my friend Li Yanping, an astronomer.4.When we get closer to the moon,we shall feel its gravity pulling us,but it will(不像地球的引力那么大).5.But when I tried to step forward,I found I was carried(地球上的两倍远)and fell over.6....walking does need a bit of practice(既然重力改变了).答案 1.made it possible for life to develop 2.What many scientists believe is that 3.was lucky enough to have a chance 4.not be as strong a pull as the earth’s 5.twice as far as on the earth 6.now that gravity has changed。
托福听力背景知识：天文学astronomy和cosmology
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天文学astronomy
天文学astronomy constellation星座zodiac （星象学的星座）planet 行星sun 恒星Jupiter 木星Pluto 冥王星Saturn 土星Mercury 水星Mars 火星Venus金星Neptune海王星Uranus天王星Ceres 谷物星（the largest asteroid and the first discovered）White dwarf 白矮星Big Dipper 北斗七星Asteroid belt 小行星带Milky Way 银河系Galaxy n.星系orbit v.运行n.轨道rotate v. 转Axis n.轴track n. 轨道outer space外太空gravity n.重力equator n.赤道tropical 热带的brightness n.亮度dimension n.维度distance n. 距离Eclipse (日月食)Wane, diminish v. 逐渐变小Centripetal 向心Centrifugal 离心Nebula 星云(an immense cloud of gas (mainly hydrogen) and dust in interstellar space）Nebulous adj. 星云的Gas 气体(rock, ice, hydrogen, oxygen)Particle 微粒Polar light 极光Astronomical 天文的Astrophysics 天文物理学Big Dipper 北斗七星Black hole 黑洞Celestial天体的Celestial map 天体图Centrifugal force 离心力Chondrite 球粒状陨石Chromosphere太阳的色球层Clockwise 顺时针Cluster 星团，一群星星Comet 彗星Cosmos宇宙,cosmetic宇宙的Cosmology宇宙学Emission 排放物，发射Faint 微弱的Feeble 微弱的Gaseous bodies 气态包Gravitational force 吸引力Greenwich mean time 格林尼治时间High resolution 高清晰度Ignite 引燃Illusive object 幻影物体Image 影响，形象Infinite 无限的Infrared ray 红外射线Interferometer 干扰仪Intergalactic 星系间的International date line 国际日期变更线Interplanetary 星球间的Interstellar星际的Leap year 闰年Light year光年Luminosity光亮度Lunar阴历的，月亮的Massive 巨大的Meteor流星Meteor shower 流星雨Meteorite陨石Meteoroid流星体Molten 融化的Naked eye 裸眼Observatory 天文台Photosphere 光球层Planetarium 天文馆Planetoid 小行星Polestar 北极星Pseudoscience 伪科学Quasar类星体Radiation 辐射Revolution 旋转Rotation 旋转Satellite 卫星Sky atlas天体图Solar corona日冕Space debris 太空垃圾Space shuttle 太空飞船Space suit 太空服Spin 快速旋转Star cluster 星群，星团Stellar 星星的Sunspot 太阳黑子Time difference 时差Time zone 时区商业Insurance 保险Note 注意Contract合约Verbal agreement口头协议Repay 偿还Interest 利息Merchant 商人Cautious 谨慎的Paramount 极为重要的Manufacture 制造Label 标签Contention 所持观点Inform 告知Cost成本Profit利润loss损失Net净的，gross粗略的Supply and demand供求Supply chain供应链Fluctuation 浮动Recession 衰退Depression 萧条Marketing strategies市场营销策略Survey 调查Surplus 剩余Shipment 运输Distribution 分布Retail 零售Whole sale 批发Franchise特许经营Budget预算哲学Socrates, Plato and Aristotle Theme 主题Logic 逻辑Rhetoric 修辞Fundamental causes 基本原因Principles of the universe 宇宙的原则Perceive 看待，观察Perception 观点Sense 感觉Soul 灵魂spiritElement 组成成分Reasoning 推理Ration理性, rational有理性的Contemplation 沉思，思考Judgment判断Just公正的，justice公正Justify证明, justification 合理的理由Explicit 明确的Ethics道德规范Ethical theory 伦理理论Moral 有道德的Ultimate truth终极真理Universal 普遍的Search for truth 追求真理Vary v.不相同Intrinsic 内部的Extrinsic 外部的Critic 评论家Old-fashioned 过时的Valuable 有价值的Survive 生存，存活Conservative 保守的Liberal 开放的Impractical不实际的Empirical经验主义的Cognitive 认知的Weaken 削弱Diminish （影响力）减小Medieval 中世纪Renaissance 文艺复兴Doctrine教义,主义,学说Idealism 唯心论，理想主义Epistemology n. 认识论Metaphysics形而上学,玄学Reconcile和解,调停Geology地质学Slide n. 滑坡Landslide n.山体滑坡Mud泥土, soil土壤Earth n. 土Sink v.下沉Ground water 地下水Irrigation n. 灌溉Freeze, froze, frozen v.冷冻Melt v.融化moltenGravity n.重心Aggravate v.加重Lean v.倾斜Slope n.斜坡Steep adj.陡峭Erode v., erosion n.腐蚀Fossil n.化石Dinosaur n.恐龙Sediment, deposit 沉淀物Marble 大理石granite 花岗岩Ore 矿石Stalactite 钟乳石Refine v. 提炼Platinum v. 铂金Seismology 地震学Vibration, tremor, 震动Wave 波动V olcano, volcanic 火山，火山的V olcanic eruption 火山喷发Magnitude 级数Collision n.碰撞Active adj.积极的Dormant adj.休眠的Extinct adj. 熄灭的Magma n.岩浆Lava n.岩浆Erupt v.喷发explode v.爆炸(explosion)boom n.爆炸Blast n.爆炸Avalanche n.雪崩地球科学Earth’s interior 地球的内部Seismic waves地震波Compression 压缩Shear （a deformation of anobject in which parallelplanes remain parallel but areshifted in a direction parallelto themselves）Slow down减慢速度Reflect 反射Depth深度Density 密度Boundary边界Mantle地幔Crust地壳Core地心Continental plate 大陆板块Tectonic plate (地球表面的)构造板块Continental drift 大陆漂移Layer, strata 层Stratify 分层Crack 裂缝Molten lava 融化的岩浆Climatic shift=Climatic changes气候变化Consistent pattern 统一的，始终一致的Solar energy太阳能Radiate 发射，放射Crude approximation 大概的猜测Speculation猜测Cooling down冷却Mechanism 机制Length of the dayPhysical force 体力Imaginary line虚拟线Artificial reservoir 人工水库LatitudeRedistribute再分配，再分布Spin 快速旋转Minerals 矿物质Diverse 多样的Specimen，Sample样品Abundant 丰富的Glassy像玻璃的Amazon stones天河石Firing vapor 炙热的水蒸汽Wipe out 根除，彻底消灭Mt Everest 珠穆朗玛峰Elevation 海拔，海拔增高Precise measurement精确的测量Global Positioning System 全球定位系统Longitude 经度Latitude 维度Alternative sources of energy 可替代资源Gas hydrate气体水合物Trap 困住Flame 火焰Potential 潜在的Model 模式Geological fault地质断层Crack 裂缝seismic gap地震活动空白地带postulate 假设chunk 大块cylinder 圆柱cylindrical 圆柱形的ground tilt measurement地倾斜观测evacuate 撤出sedimentary adj. 沉淀性的accumulate 积累表演艺术（舞蹈，电影，音乐etc.）Genre 艺术分类Performing art 表演艺术modern dance piece现代舞concert 音乐会play剧opera歌剧film 电影camera 摄影camera shotanalytical 分析的parallel 平行的ballet芭蕾舞choreographer 舞蹈指导Fine/visual arts 视觉艺术Abstract art抽象艺术landscape风景photography摄影exposure 曝光develop film 冲洗胶卷negative n. 底片portrait(portray v. )肖像, 人像、still life静物sculpture雕塑statue 人物雕像lifelike 逼真的vividanthem国歌Critic 评论家Criticism 批评，评论Review n.评论Masterpiece 杰作Have aesthetic value 有美学价值Aesthetic appeal 美学吸引力Feature 特点Characteristics 特点Distinct adj.与众不同的Unique 独一无二的Style 风格Technique 技巧Gallery n.画馆Edition n.专辑Release v. 发行Debut n.首映Impressionist 印象主义者Impressionism 印象派Perspective 透视法Angle 角度Press/Publishing house出版社Acclaim v. 盛赞mirage海市蜃楼prolific多产Preserve v. 保存Extinct adj.灭绝的，消失的文学Literature 文学Poetry诗歌biography传记autobiography 自传detective stories 侦探小说drama戏剧novel小说Novelist 小说家collection of short stories短篇小说集Allegory寓言Comparative literature比较文学Diary 日记Editorial 社论，重要评论Fiction 小说Aestheticism 唯美Autobiography 自传Descriptive prose 描述散文Fairy tale 童话Futurism 未来派Legend 传说Literary studies 文学研究Narrative prose 叙述性散文Podium 讲台Prose 散文Realism 现实主义School of literature 文学派别Leading character 主要角色Literary criticism 文学评论Literary studies 文学学习Modernism 现代主义Plot 情节Poetry 诗歌Prologue前言Proverb谚语Surrealism 超现实主义美术Art gallery艺廊Calligraphy书法Imitating模仿Landscape painting风景画Oil painting油画Paste粘贴Crayon 蜡笔，粉笔，颜料Pigmentation 颜料Canvas 帆布Wax 蜡Spectrum 光谱Perspective透视画法Poster海报Portrait肖像Model模式，模特mural壁画Panorama全景Pastel drawing蜡笔画Sketch草图Autograph手稿建筑Architecture建筑学Architect建筑师Architectural style建筑风格Art deco 装饰艺术Art moderneGeometric patterns 几何图形Arch 拱门Castle 城堡Cathedral大教堂Framing结构Lobby n. 大厅(entrancehall)Elevator n. 电梯Façade n. 正面Stairs 楼梯Interior 内部的Exterior 外部的Impressionistic style印象派风格Mosque清真寺Pyramid金字塔Revival 复活Renaissance 文艺复兴Medieval中世纪Byzantine architecture527(Sofia)-1520音乐Accompaniment 伴奏Audition 试听，试表演Band music 乐队音乐Chord弦乐，弦Classical music古典音乐Concerto 协奏曲Lullaby 催眠曲Duet 二重奏Harmony 和弦，和谐Rock and roll 摇滚Serenade 小夜曲Solo 独奏Sonata 奏鸣曲Symphony 交响乐Ballad歌谣Folk music 民间音乐Prelude 前奏Epilogue 尾声Score 乐谱Note 音符Notation 乐谱，记号法Chord symbol和弦符号Lyrics 歌词Tempo 节奏Melody 主旋律Rhythm节奏Tune 旋律Conduct 指挥Violin 小提琴Viola 中提琴Cello大提琴Oboe双簧管Clarinet单簧管krummhorn['krʌmhɔ:n]n. 变号(一种古双簧乐器)Harp 竖琴考古anthropologist 人类学家ecological 生态的anthropologist 生态人类学家archaeology 考古学anthropology 人类学morphology 形态学Ancient civilization 古代文明origin 起源originate 起源于ancestor 祖先hominid 人（科）homogeneous 同一种族（种类）的tribe 部落clan 氏族archeologist 考古学家excavation 挖掘excavate (unearth) 挖掘Scoop铲子ruins 遗迹，废墟remains 遗迹，遗骸artifact 手工艺品pottery 陶器(potter) Porcelain瓷器fossil 化石relic 遗物，文物Rock painting 岩石画antique 古物，古董antiquity 古代，古老skull 颅骨Cranial颅骨的Stone Age 石器时代Bronze Age （青）铜器时代Iron Age 铁器时代Paleolithic 旧石器时代的Mesolithic 中石器时代的Neolithic 新石器时代的Exhume 挖掘Paleoanthropology Prehistoric史前的Primitive原始的动物微生物Amino acid 氨基酸Antibody 抗体Bacterium 细菌Biotical agencyCalcium钙Carbohydrate 碳水化合物Carbon dioxide 二氧化碳Cell细胞Chromosome 染色体Disinfection 消毒Enzymes 酶Fatigue 疲惫Fermentation 发酵Fungus 菌类Gene基因Genetic engineering 基因工程学Glucose 葡萄糖Immunology免疫学Incubation 孵蛋Inflection传染Malaria 疟疾Microbe 微生物Nucleus 细胞核One-celled单细胞的Oxidation氧化Parasitic animal 寄生动物Parasite disease 寄生虫病Parasitology 寄生虫学Pathogen 病菌，病原体Protozoa 原生动物Sanitation 卫生Schistosomiaisis 血吸虫病Starch 淀粉Sterilization 消毒Toxin 毒素Vaccine 疫苗Virus 病毒Yeast 酵母动物living organism 生物bacterium(pl.bacteria)细菌algae海藻coral珊瑚rodent 啮齿类动物primate 灵长类动物ape 猿chimpanzee n. 黑猩猩gorilla 大猩猩monkey n. 猴子mammal 哺乳类动物dinosaur n.恐龙bat (ecolotion) 蝙蝠（声波定位）snowshoe hare 雪兔子raccoon 浣熊polar bear 北极熊snout (动物的)口鼻部;reptile 爬行类动物snake, cobra眼镜蛇, rattlesnake 响尾蛇lizard蜥蜴,snail 蜗牛amphibian adj. 两栖动物crocodile 鳄鱼frog n. 青蛙tadpole 蝌蚪toad 蟾蜍pond 池塘puddle 水坑insect n.昆虫mosquito 蚊子fly 苍蝇cricket 蟋蟀grasshopper 蚱蜢honey beemonarch butterfly 大花蝶large migratory Americanbutterfly having deep orangewings with black and whitemarkings; the larvae feed onmilkweedegg 卵larvae 幼虫caterpillar 毛虫pupa/ chrysalis 茧termite n. 白蚁marine adj. 海洋的beaver 狸whale 鲸shark 鲨鱼dolphin 海豚penguin 企鹅predator n. 捕食者prey n. 被捕食者aquatic adj.水生的shrimp 虾lobster 龙虾clam 蚌crab 螃蟹bird, humming birdartery 动脉scale 鳞片claw爪, paw爪子horn 角hormone 荷尔蒙intestine 肠hive 蜂巢pollen n. 花粉pollinate v.授粉hibernate 冬眠migrate v. 迁徙communicate v. 交流camouflage保护色evolve 进化evolution n. 进化endotherm n.温血动物,恒温动物poikilotherm n. 冷血动物beak 鸟嘴enzymes 酵母secretion(n.) secrete(v.) 分泌pancreas 胰腺odor 气味(还有aroma fragrance scent smell) gland 腺体chromosome 染色体植物botany植物学botanist 植物学家tundra苔原;冻土地带,冻原fungus(pl. fungi ) 菌类laurel 月桂chestnut tree 栗子树root 根branch 枝stem 茎algae(pl. alga) 海藻organism 有机物birch tree (bark) 桦树crops 谷物corn 玉米maize 玉米chlorophyll 叶绿素amino acids 氨基酸protein 蛋白质nitrogen 氮photosynthetic(adj.) photosynthesis(n.) 光合作用lichen 地衣,苔藓squash 南瓜one of a group of large vegetables with solidflesh and hard skins, such aspumpkinsbean 豆类植物nectar花蜜flower花floral 花的petal 花瓣bloom 开花blossom 花pollen花粉moss 苔藓herbicide 除草剂herb 草本植物herbivorous 食草的classification 分类hierarchy 级别hazardous 有毒害的Meteorology 气象meteorology 气象meteorologist 气象学家forecast (predict) 预报climate 气候atmosphere 大气层troposphere 对流层Convection 对流Stratosphere 同温层Barometer 气压计current （气）流vapor 蒸汽evaporate 蒸发damp (wet; moist; humid)潮湿的humidity 湿度moisture 潮湿；水分saturate 饱和absorb 吸收dew 露frost 霜fog (mist) 雾smog 烟雾droplet 小水珠condense 浓缩crystal 水晶体downpour (torrential rain)大雨tempest (storm) 暴风雨drizzle 细雨shower 阵雨hail 冰雹blizzard (snowstorm) 暴风雪avalanche (snowslide) 雪崩precipitation （雨、露、雪等）降水Thunder 雷Lightening 闪电breeze 微风Blast 大风gale 大风whirlwind 旋风Cyclone 旋风，飓风typhoon 台风hurricane 飓风Monsoon 季风Sandstorm沙尘暴Dust storm沙尘暴tornado (twister, cyclone) 龙卷风Tropical depression热带低气压Wind direction 风向Wind velocity 风速Wind scale 风力funnel 漏斗，漏斗云cumulonimbus 积雨云disaster (calamity,catastrophe) 灾难devastation 破坏submerge 淹没overwhelm v. 淹没drought 干旱Avalanche雪崩Balmy 温和的Chilly寒冷的Frigid僵硬的，严格的Heat-wave热浪Tepid adj.微温的环保environmental protection 环境保护environmentally-friendly 环保的preserve v.保护，保存污染：pollute, pollution, pollutant contaminant n.污染物contaminate v.污染ecosystem生态系统ecology n.生态学antiseptic adj.防腐的atmospheric pollution大气污染垃圾: rubbish, garbage, trash, waste, litter处理: dispose of, burn, bury (landfill),recycle, reduce, reuse,dump回收:glass, paper, water, milk carton牛奶盒, tyre, aluminium cans铝罐, plastic bags, rubbish bags biodegradable packaging可降解包装,throwaway 可丢弃的disposable 可丢弃的discourage v. 不鼓励燃料none-renewable 不可再生的fossil fuels矿石燃料: natural gas, coal, petroleum limited/finite natural resources 有限的自然资源alternative energy替代能源, replace=substitute v.取代wind power, hydropower水电,solar (lunar) power太阳能, nuclear power核能radioactivity n. 辐射性use up, deplete, exhaust v.用光，耗尽conserve v. 节省，节约,污染: water pollution, airpollution,soil pollution土壤污染,noise pollutionsoil erosion 土壤侵蚀soil pollution土壤污染stain n.污染，污点，玷污stink v.发出臭味tar n.焦油toxic chemical 有毒的化学物品fume n.烟，气味light pollution日光污染refuse废物sewage污水pesticide n.杀虫剂chemical waste化学废料congest v.使充满危害动物:poaching非法打猎，盗猎,damage natural habitat破坏自然栖息地,rare breed稀有物种,endangered species濒危物种,extinct adj.灭绝(die out,disappear),animal rights activist动物权益保护者,natural reserve(giant panda大熊猫)自然保护区,protect wild life保护野生动物,preserve v.保护disastrous灾难性的,devastation破坏,have disastrous effect on…对。
Astronomy天文学词汇
Astronomy天文学词汇the Sun太阳, Mercury离太阳最近的水星, Venus离太阳第二近的金星, the Earth地球, Mars火星, Jupiter太阳系最大的行星木星, Saturn有美丽光环和很多卫星的土星, Uranus 天王星, Neptune海王星, Pluto冥王星, the Moon月亮, moon卫星, star恒星, planet行星, asteroid小行星, comet 彗星, meteor流星, meteor shower流星雨, meteorite陨石, solar system太阳系, solar calendar阳历, lunar calendar阴历, revolve公转, spin自转, gravitation万有引力, gravity重力, pattern规律, discover发现, spectrum光谱, composition 构成, element元素, substance物质, lead铅, Uranium铀, oxygen氧气或氧元素, hydrogen氢气或氢元素, nitrogen氮气, light year光年, astronomical unit天文单位(1天文单位等于地球到太阳的距离), distance距离, track轨道, orbit绕…转, probe探测, spectroscopy光谱分析法, analyze分析, emit发出, identify识别, chemical composition化学构成, beam束, continuous连续的, band一条, naked eye肉眼, visible light可见光, infrared rays红外线, ultraviolet rays紫外线, optical光学的, radiation辐射, expose暴露, refer to提到, energy能量, magnify放大, random随机的, place放置, form形成,形式, distinct不同的, compile放在一起, flametest火焰测试, iron铁, pure纯净的, radiate辐射, pass through穿过, unique独一无二的, fingerprint指纹, makeup 构成, extensive数量大的, astronomer天文学家, astronaut 宇航员, space suit宇航服, space station空间站, space shuttle航天飞机, peculiar独特的, turn out结果是, helium氦, compelling强有力的, land着陆, pinpoint精确定位, crater 陨石坑, polar region两极地区, spacecraft航空飞行器, mission任务, topography地形, measure测量, diameter直径, radius半径, depth深度, width宽度, length长度, height 高度, weight重量, impact撞击, penetrate穿透, formation 形成物, precise精确的, concentration聚集, dust尘, melt 熔化, purify使纯净, fuel燃料, rocket火箭, exploration探索, sample样本, accurate精确的。
高考英语一轮复习 话题14 宇宙知识(Unit 4 Astronomy
话题14 宇宙知识（Unit 4 Astronomy the science of the stars）晨读背诵1. get started开始2. grasp/seize the opportunity 抓住机会3. set foot in China踏上中国的土地4. as sb. puts it正如某人所说5. enjoy a boom in scientific and technological development有科技发展的兴隆6. send satellites into space发射卫星到太空7. first manned space flight首次载人太空飞行8. deadly disease致命的疾病 9. to name (just) a few仅以这些为例10. name after the atest technology of the time以那个时期最新的技术为名11. give rise to引起 12. in some/most cases在某些/大多数情况下13. the same is true for ……也适用于 14. run a company经营公司15. aim at sth./doing以做……为目的16. for the time being 暂时基础知识自测一、单词拓展(A)根据音标及词义写出英文单词｡1. astronomy [əˈstrɒnəmɪ] n.天文学→astronomer [əˈstrɒnəmə(r)] n.天文学家2. system [ˈsɪstəm] n.系统;体系;制度3. theory [ˈθɪərɪ] n.学说;理论→theoretical [θɪəˈretɪk(ə)l] adj.理论上的4. globe [ɡləʊb] n.球体;地球仪;地球→global [ˈɡləʊb(ə)l] adj.全球性的;全世界的5. violent [ˈvaɪələnt] adj.猛烈的;激烈的;强暴的→violence [ˈvaɪələns] n.暴力→violently [ˈvaɪələntlɪ]adv.猛烈地6. atmosphere [ˈætməsfɪə(r)] n.大气层;气氛7. unlike [ʌnˈlaɪk] prep.不同;不像→dislike [dɪsˈlaɪk] vt.不喜欢8. presence [ˈprezəns] n.出席;到场;存在→present [ˈprez(ə)nt] adj. & n. & v.在场的;目前,现在;出席;颁发,授予9. harmful ['hɑ:mful] adj.有害的;伤害的→harm [hɑːm] n.危害,害处→harmless [ˈhɑːmlɪs] adj.无害的10. exist [ɪɡˈzɪst] vi.存在,生存→existence [ɪɡˈzɪst(ə)ns] n.存在,生存11. puzzle [ˈpʌz(ə)l] n.谜;难题vt. & vi.(使)迷惑;(使)为难→puzzled [ˈpʌz(ə)ld]adj.迷惑的→puzzling [ˈpʌz(ə)lɪŋ]adj.令人迷惑的12. gravity [ˈɡrævɪtɪ] n.万有引力;重力13. satellite [ˈsætəlaɪt] n.卫星;人造卫星14. climate [ˈklaɪmɪt] n.气候15. spaceship [ˈspeɪsʃɪp] n.宇宙飞船16. pull [pʊl] n. & vt.拉(力);拖;牵引力17. float [fləʊt] vi. & vt.(使)浮动;(使)漂浮 n.漂浮物18. mass [mæs] n.质量;团;块;大量;(复)群众(B)单词活用用所给词的正确形式填空。
高考英语要点梳理重点突破：必修3Unit4Astronomythescienceofthestars
必修3Unit 4Astronomy: the science of the stars要点梳理咼效梳理•知识备考•重点单词1. astronomy n. 天文学T astronomer n. 天文学家2. system n.系统；体系；制度3. theory n.学说；理论T theoretical adj.理论上的4. globe n.球体；地球仪；地球T global adj.全球性的；全世界的5. violent adj.猛烈的；激烈的；强暴的T violenee n.暴力T violently adv猛烈地6. atmosphere n.大气层；气氛7. unlike prep.不同；不像T dislike vt.不喜欢8. presenee n.出席；到场；存在T present adj. & n. & v .在场的；目前，现在；出席; 颁发，授予9. harmful adj.有害的；伤害的T harm n.危害，害处T harmless adj.无害的10. exist vi.存在,生存T existenee n.存在,生存11. puzzle n.谜；难题vt. &vi.（使）迷惑；（使）为难T puzzled adj.迷惑的T puzzling adj. 令人迷惑的12. gravity n.万有引力；重力13. satellite n.卫星；人造卫星14. climate n.气候15. spaceship n. 宇宙飞船16. pull n. & vt.拉（力）;拖；牵引力17. float vi. & vt.（使）浮动；（使）漂浮n.漂浮物18. massn.质量；团；块；大量；（复）群众•重点短语1. in time 及时；终于2. lay eggs 下蛋3. give birth to 产生；分娩4. in one' s turn 轮到某人；接着5. prevent...from 阻止；制止6. block out 挡住（光线）7. cheer up 感到高兴；感到振奋& now that 既然9. break out 突发；爆发10. watch out密切注视；当心；提防11. cool down 冷却12. as well as 也；还有13. depend on 依靠；依赖，取决于14. get close to 靠近•重点句型1. This produced a chain reaction, which made it possible for life to develop.这就形成一个连锁反应，使生命发展成为可能。
天文学astronomy
Jupiter木星
leap year闰年
light year光年
lunar calendar阴历
lunar月球的
Mars火星
Mercury水星
meteor流星
meteor shower流星雨
meteorite陨石
Milky Way银河系
naked eye肉眼
cluster星团
comet彗星
constellationn.天星群,星座,
convection zonen.对流层
corona日冕
cosmic宇宙的
cosmic radiation宇宙射线
cosmic rays宇宙射线
cosmology宇宙学
cosmos宇宙
dwarf矮星
dwarf star矮星
Earth地球
eclipse(日/月)食
emission发射，散发
galaxy星系；银河
Greenwich mean time格林威治时间
heavenly body天体
high–resolution高清晰度
infinite无限的
infrared ray红外线
international date line国际日期变更线
astrophysicsn.天体物理学
black hole黑洞
celestialadj.天上的
celestial body天体
celestial map天体图
celestial sphere天球
centripetal force向心力
centrifugal force离心力
clockwise direction顺时针方向
1-3-4Astronomy：the science of the stars
with each other.
Ⅱ.单句语法填空 1．(2020·全国卷Ⅱ)Some parents will buy any high-tech toy if they think it will help their child, but researchers said ___p_u_z_z_l_es_______(puzzle) help children with math-related skills. 2．They took active steps ___t_o_p_r_e_v_en_t_____(prevent) the spread of the disease. 3．Some insects have been found _____li_v_in_g_______(live) for several years without
Ⅲ.拓展词汇变形
1 ． There was a ___p_u_z_z_le_d_______ look on the young lady's face because a ____p_u_zz_l_in_g______ problem _____pu_z_z_l_e_d_____ her.(puzzle)
5．She married at 25 and ___g_a_v_e_b_i_rt_h_t_o_____her first child shortly after. 6．She bought a heavy curtain to____b_l_oc_k__o_u_t ______the light. 7．Last night，Mrs. Green had a heart attack. But luckily，the doctor came__i_n_t_im__e___to
Astronomy the science of stars第四单元词汇
10. When the police arrived, the crowd scattered________.
in all directions.
I.词汇拓展
1. biology n.生物学
biologist n.生物学家
1. The heavy rain__p_r_ev_e_n_t_e_d__us___fr_o_m___climbing the mountain. 2. Luckily we got to the cinema___i_n_ti_m_e_____just before the film began.
I.单词拼写 1. Don't you know smoking is very___h_ar_m__fu_l__(有害的) to our health? 2. I have never seen such a____v_i_o_le_n_t__(暴力的) storm. 3.__U_n_l_ik_e__(不像) his brother, he has a good sense of humour. 4. Fish cannot___e_x_is_t ____(存在) out of water. 5. The sun looks like an orange__g_l_ob_e____(球体).
Astronomy： the science of the stars
授课人：勤酱酱
I.词汇拓展 1. astronomy n.天文学 astronomer n.天文学家 2. exist vi. 存在:生存 existence n.存在:生活 3. globe n.球体 global adj.全球性的:全世界的 4. violent adj.猛烈的:激烈的: violence n.猛烈
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阅读话题词汇—天文类Astronomy
虽然阅读无需考生具备相关专业知识，但真正做起题来，谁会嫌弃自己认识的单词太多呢？今天我们来学习一些与天文类相关的话题词汇：
九大行星—距太阳远近排列
Terrestrial(Earth-like) Planet 类地行星（四个体积较小的星球中，地球体积最大）
水星 Mercury
金星 Venus
地球 Earth
火星 Mars
Jovian(Jupiter-like) Planet 类木行星（五个体积较大行星中，木星体积最大）
木星 Jupiter
土星 Saturn
天王 Uranus
海王 Neptune
冥王 Pluto
太阳系
太阳系 solar system
太阳 Sun
公转系统 rotating system
行星 planet
卫星 satellite
星体 small bodies
小行星 asteroids
彗星 comet
陨星 meteoroid
地球
陆地的 terrestrial
地球的生物圈 Earth's biosphere 大气 atmosphere
好氧生物 aerobic organisms
臭氧层 ozone layer
地球磁场 magnetic field
太阳辐射 solar radiation
陆地 land
太阳公转 orbit
地轴 axis
自转 rotates
太阳日 solar days
恒星年 sidereal year
季节变化 seasonal variations
月亮
被太阳照亮 illuminated by the Sun
月相 the lunar phases
新月 crescent
满月 full moon
月食 moon eclipse
相关剑桥真题：C9T2 P2 Venus in transit
关于“金星凌日”的相关介绍
金星轨道在地球轨道内侧，某些特殊时刻，地球、金星、太阳会在一条直线上，这时从地球上可以看到金星就像一个小黑点一样在太阳表面缓慢移动，天文学称之为“金星凌日”。
金星凌日以两次凌日为一组，间隔8年，但是两组之间的间隔却有100多年。
2004年之前的最后一组金星凌日发生在1874年的12月和1882年12月。
21世纪的首次金星凌日发生在2004年6月8日，另一次发生在2012年的6月6日。
再下一次是2117年和2125年。
间隔105年。
介绍完天文学的相关词汇后，千万别看过即过哦。
巩固词汇积累词汇的最好方式就是阅读，基于这些背景了解，你可以立马去检测一下，花20分钟做一下剑9的第二套第二篇吧。
原文作者：晟睿教育-陈文君老师。