长喜老师专四阅读周计划第二周星期三

星期3 WednesdaySuccess covers a multitude of blunders.成功由大量失望铸就。

Text AIt is customary for adults to forget how hard and dull and long school is. The learning by memory of all the basic things one must know is most incredible and unending effort. Learning to read is probably the most difficult and revolutionary thing that happens to the human brain and if you don’t believ e that, watch an illiterate adult try to do it. School is not easy and it is not for the most part very much fun, but then, if you are very lucky, you may find a real teacher. Three real teachers in a lifetime are the very best of my luck. My first was a science and math teacher in high school, my second, a professor of creative writing at Stanford, and my third was my friend and partner, Ed Rickets.I have come to believe that a great teacher is a great artist and that there are as few as there are any other great artists. It might even be the greatest of the arts since the medium is the human mind and spirit.My three teachers had these things in common: They all loved what they were doing. They did not tell. They catalyzed(催化，刺激) a burning desire to know. Under their influence, the horizon sprung wide and fear went away and the unknown becameknowable. But most important of all, the truth, that dangerous stuff, became beautiful and very precious.I shall speak only of my first teacher because in addition to the other things, she brought discovery.She aroused us to shouting, book-waving discussion. She had the noisiest class in school and she di dn’t ev en seem to know it. We could never stick to the subject. Our speculation ranged the world. She breathed curiosity into us so that we brought in facts or truths shielded in our hands like captured fireflies.She was fired and perhaps rightly so, for failing to teach fundamentals. Such things must be learned. But she left a passion in us for the pure knowable world and she inflamed me with a curiosity which has never left. I could not do simple arithmetic but through her I sensed that abstract mathematics was very much like music. When she was relieved, sadness came over us but the light did not go out. She left her signature on us, the literature of the teacher who writes on minds. I have had many teachers who told me soon-forgotten backs but only three who crested in me a new thing, a new attitude and a new hunger. I suppose that to a large extent I am the unsignedmanuscript of the high school teacher. What deathless power lies in the hands of such a personI can tell my son who looks forward with horror to fifteen years of drudgery (繁重而乏味的工作) that somewhere in the dusty dark a magic may happen that will light up the years if he is very lucky.1. According to the first paragraph, the author assumes that[A] an illiterate adult enjoy learning knowledge.[B] learning to read is a tough thing.[C] school life is easy and enjoyable.[D] adults often remember their dull school life.2. According to the passage, all of the following can make a teacher EXCEPT that[A] teachers are keen on their career.[B] teachers can enlighten students to conceive.[C] teachers should be also artists in other fields.[D] teachers inspire students to discover.3. According to the author, what’s the most important feature for a real teacher[A] A teacher should make fun in the class.[B] A teacher should breathe curiosity into students.[C] A teacher should school basic things.[D] A teacher should be knowledgeable.4. Mentioning the first teac her’s influence, the author compared himself to[A] a captured firefly.[B] a musician.[C] light.[D] an unsigned manuscript.5. An appropriate title for the passage might be[A] What Makes a Real Teacher[B] My First Real Teacher[C] Three teachers of Mine[D] A Teacher Who Inflames MeText BOn most shores you will notice that the sea level changes throughout the day. These ups and downs of the seas are called tides.Why should tides occur Everything on t he Earth’s surface is attracted towards the Earth by a force called gravity. The Moon and the Sun also have a gravitational pull of their own. As the Moon passes around the Earth it attracts the waters of the oceans on the side facing it, pulling them away from the Earth, and causing them to bulge. On the opposite side from this “tidal bulge”, there is another one because on that side, the land is closer to the Moon than the waters, and the land is pulled away from the seas, leaving a bulge behind. These two bulges remain in the same position in relation to the Moon, but the rotation of the Earth means that each of them appears to move around the Earth. These bulges are called high water, and the gaps between them are called low water.There are two other factors that help in the formation ofthe tides. You know that if you cause the water in your bath to rock, it may rise and fall against the side of the bath for some time. In the same way, once the tides have begun, the waters tend to continue to rock up and down and they are given an extra push by the attraction of the Moon. The Sun also tends to attract the Earth’s oceans towards itself, but because it is so much further away, the attraction is less important. At certain times of the year, however, the Sun, the Moon, and the Earth are all in a straight line. When this happens, the attraction of the Sun is added to the attraction of the Moon and tides are extra high.Waves are almost wholly the result of wind blowing across the surface of the water. The wind drags the water to form waves which move slowly forward, and get larger. Although the wave shape moves forward, each particle of water moves round in circles and does not change its average position. The height of a wave depends on three factors: how hard the wind is blowing, how long the wind has been blowing, and the fetch. The word “fetch” means the length of the stretch of open water over which the wind is blowing.6. What is the major cause of the formation of the tides[A] The gravity of the Earth.[B] The pull of the Sun and the Moon.[C] The attraction of the Moon to the oceans and land.[D] The gravitational pull of the Moon to the bulge.7. Each tidal bulge seems to move around the Earth because of[A] the relationship between the Moon and the Earth.[B] the positions of the two bulges.[C] the rotation of the Earth.[D] the gravitational pull of the Moon.8. Tides reach their maximum when[A] a strong wind blows on the surface of the water.[B] the Sun and the Moon form a right angle with the Earth.[C] the Sun also tends to attract the Ea rth’s oceans.[D] the Sun, the Moon, and the Earth are in line.9. Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage[A] When the wave moves forward, the water moves forward, too.[B] The height of a wave is related to wind speed.[C] Tides are different from waves.[D] Waves are usually the result of wind blowing.Text CIn general, our society is becoming one of giant enterprises directed by a bureaucratic management in which man becomes a small, well-oiled cog (齿轮)in the machinery. The oiling is done with higher wages, well-ventilated factories and piped music, and by psychologists and “human relations” experts; yet all this oiling does not alter the fact that man has become powerless, that he does not whole heartedly participate in his work and that he is bored with it. In fact, the blue and white-collar workers have become economic puppets who dance to the tune of automated machines and bureaucratic management.The workers and employees are anxious, not only because they might find themselves out of a job; they are anxious alsobecause they are unable to acquire any real satisfaction or interest in life. They live and die without ever having confronted the fundamental realities of human existence as emotionally independent and productive human beings.Those higher up on the social ladder are no less anxious. Their lives are no less empty than those of their subordinates. They are even more insecure in some respects. They are in highly competitive race. To be promoted or fall behind is not a matter of salary but even more a matter of self-respect. When they apply for their first job, they are tested for intelligence as well as for the right mixture of submissiveness and independence. From that moment on they are tested again and again —by the psychologists, for whom testing is a big business, and by their superiors, who judge their behavior, sociability, capacity to go along, etc. This constant need to prove that one is as good as or better than one’s fellow competitor creates constant anxiety and stress, the very causes of unhappiness and illness.Am I suggesting that we should return to the pre-industrial mode of production or to nineteenth century “free enterprise” capitalism Certainly not. Problems are never solved byreturning to a stage which one has already outgrown. I suggest transforming our social system from a bureaucratically managed industrialism in which maximal production and consumption are ends in themselves into a humanist industrialism in which man and full development of his potentialities —those of love and of reason —are the aims of all social arrangements. Production and consumption should serve only as means to this end, and should be prevented from ruling man.10. By “a well-oiled cog in the machinery” the author implies that man is[A] working in complete harmony with the rest of the society.[B] a humble component of the society, especially when working smoothly.[C] an unimportant part compared with the rest of society, though functioning smoothly.[D] a necessary part of the society though each individual’s function is negligible.11. The real cause of the anxiety of the workers and employees is that[A] they are likely to lose their jobs.[B] they have no genuine satisfaction or interest in life.[C] they are faced with the fundamental realities of human existence.[D] they are deprived of their individuality and independence.12. Why do the higher-ups feel anxious[A] Because their lives are emptier than their subordinates’.[B] Because they are repeatedly tested by the psychologists.[C] Because they feel oppressed by their superiors.[D] Because they need to prove they’re better than other competitors.13. According to the passage, real happiness of life probably belongs to those[A] who could keep far away from this competitive world.[B] who are at the bottom of the society.[C] who are higher up in their social status.[D] who prove better than their fellow competitors.14. In the last paragraph the author suggests that we should[A] resort to the production mode of our ancestors.[B] enable man to fully develop his potentialities.[C] offer higher wages to the workers and employees.[D] take the fundamental realities for granted.15. What’s the author’s attitude towards industrialism[A] Approval. [B] Suspicion.[C] Dissatisfaction. [D] Tolerance.Text DCAMBRIDGE, Mass., Feb. 11 ― Recalling her coming of age as the only girl in a privileged, tradition-bound family in Virginia horse country, Drew Gilpin Faust, 59, has often spoken of her “continued confrontations” with her mother “about the requirements of what she usually called femininity.” Her mother, Catharine, she has said, told her repeatedly, “It’s a man’s world, sweetie, and the sooner you learn that thebetter off you’ll be.”Instead, Dr. Faust left home at an early age, to be educated at Concord Academy, then a girls’ prep school in Massachusetts, and at Bryn Mawr College, a women’s college known for creating future leaders, and to become a leading Civil War scholar. And Sunday, through the convergence of grand changes in higher education, her own achievements and the resignation of Harvard’s previous president under pressure, she became the first woman appointed to lead the Ivy League university founded in 1636.Catharine Drew Gilpin was born on Sept. 18, 1947, and grew up in Clarke County, Va., in the Shenandoah Valley. She was always known as Drew. Her father, McGhee Tyson Gilpin, bred thoroughbred horses.Her father, her two uncles, her great-uncle, two of her three brothers (including Tyson) and numerous male cousins all went to Princeton, but since Princeton did not admit women in the mid-1960s, she went to Bryn Mawr. Majoring in history, she took classes with Mary Maples Dunn, a professor who would become the president of Smith College, the acting dean of the Radcliffe Institute for Advanced Study and a close friend and advocate.It was significant, Dr. Dunn said, that Dr. Faust had been educated at Concord Academy and Bryn Mawr. “I think these women’s institutions in those days tended to give these young women a very good sense of themselves and encouraged them to develop their own ideas and to express themselves confidently,” she said. “It was an invaluable experience in a world in which women were second-class citizens.”Dr. Faust graduated from Bryn Mawr in 1968, magna cum laude (以优异的成绩) with honors in history. She went on to the University of Pennsylvania, where she received a master’s in 1971 and a doctorate in 1975 in American civilization.She was a professor at Penn for 25 years, including five years as the chairwoman of the Department of American Civilization. She was director of the Women’s Studies Program for four years.In 2001, as Dr. Dunn was stepping down as acting dean of the Radcliffe Institute, the remnant of Radcliffe College, which had been absorbed into Harvard in 1999, Dr. Faust became the dean. She made major organizational changes, cut costs and laid off a quarter of the staff, transforming Radcliffe into an internationally known home for scholars from multipledisciplines.Asked Sunday whether her appointment signified the end of sex inequities at the university, Dr. Faust said: “Of course not. There is a lot of work still to be done, especially in the sciences.”What would her mother, who never went to college and died in 1966, have to say about her appointment “I’ve often thought about that,” she said. “I’ve had dialogues with my dead mother over the 40 years since she died.”Then she added with a regretful s mile, “I think in many ways that comment ― ‘It’s a man’s world, sweetie’ ― was a bitter comment from a woman of a generation who didn’t have the kind of choices my generation of women had.”16. At the beginning of the passage, the author indicates that[A] Dr. Faust tried her best to meet her mother’s requirement of the femininity.[B] there is a deep conflict between Dr. Faust and her mother.[C] Dr. Faust didn’t agree with her mother’s idea about the femininity.[D] Dr. Faust’s mother was a feminist.17. Which of the following contributes to Faust’s appointment in Harvard[A] Tremendous changes in the field of higher education[B] Recommendation of Harvard’s previous president.[C] Her own effort to compete for the position.[D] The stepping down of Dr. Dunn.18. Drew Gilpin Faust didn’t go to the Princeton University because[A] her father, uncles and brothers all graduated from this university.[B] the Princeton University didn’t accept females in those days.[C] she always wanted to go to the Bryn Mawr College.[D] she wanted to take classes with Dr. Dunn.19. Dr. Dunn’s words implies that[A] Concorrd Academy and Bryn Mawr were women’s institutionsin those days.[B] the study in Concorrd Academy and Bryn Mawr benefited Faust a lot.[C] Concorrd Academy and Bryn Mawr encouraged women’s own ideas[D] women were regarded as second-class citizens in their time.20. According to the last four paragraphs, we know that[A] Dr. Dunn reformed the Redcliffe Institute in many respects.[B] Dr. Faust thought that sex equity is still exiting, especially in the sciences.[C] Dr. Faust’s mother had often thought about her daughter’s appointment.[D] Dr. Faust felt regret about not listening to her mother’s bitter comment.语境词汇1. spring v.开裂，破裂；出现2. breathe v.使…充满（某种感情）；呼吸3. shield vt.保护，防御n.盾；防护物，挡板4. inflame vt.使燃烧；使…激动或愤怒；加剧5. relieve vt.换班，接替（工作）；缓解；消除6. crest vt.在…加饰章n.鸟冠Text B1. ups and downs 高低起伏；盛衰；沉浮2. gravity n.重力，引力；重要性，严重性3. pull n.引力；影响力v.拉，拖；吸引4. rotation n.旋转；循环5. fetch n.风域，风区vt.取来；去请…来6. stretch n.一段水域（或陆地）vt.＆vi.伸展1. bureaucratic a.官僚的，官僚主义的2. enterprise n.企、事业单位3. ventilate vt.使通风；将…公开并引起讨论4. piped music <贬>在公共场所不断播放的轻音乐5. puppet n.木偶，傀儡6. subordinate n.属下，部属a.下级的，次要的7. submissiveness n.柔顺，服从Text D1. tradition-bound a.恪守传统的，受传统束缚的2. femininity n.女性特质，女子气质3. thoroughbred a.（指动物）优良品种的；受过良好教养的4. acting dean n.代理主任5. advocate n.支持者v.主张,拥护6. doctorate n.博士学位7. remnant n.遗留的痕迹；残余难句突破Text A1. Learning to read is probably the most difficult and revolutionary thing that happens to the human brain and if you do n’t believe that, watch an illiterate adult try to do it.【分析】并列复合句。