高级英语上讲义Lesson11
自考高级英语上册11课课文翻译
Lesson Eleven On Getting off to Sleep谈睡眠人真是充满矛盾啊! 毫无疑问，幽默是惟一帮助我们摆脱矛盾的办法，要是没有它，我们就会死于烦恼。
What a bundle of contradictions is a man! Surety, humour is the saving grace of us, for without it we should die of vexation.在我看来，没有什么比睡眠更能说明事物间的矛盾。
With me, nothing illustrates the contrariness of things better than the matter of sleep.比如，我打算写一篇文章，面前放好了笔、墨和几张白纸，准保没写几个字我就会困得要命，无论当时是几点都会那样。
If, for example, my intention is to write an essay, and 1 have before me ink and pens and several sheets of virgin paper, you may depend upon it that before I have gone very far I feel an overpowering desire for sleep, no matter what time of the day it is.我瞪着那似乎在谴责我的白纸，直到眼前一片模糊，声音也难以辨清，只有靠意志力才能勉强坚持。
I stare at the reproachfully blank paper until sights and sounds become dim and confused, and it is only by an effort of will that I can continue at all.即使这时，我也会迷迷糊糊地像在做梦一样继续坚持工作。
高级英语第一册讲义11
Lesson 11But What’s a Dictionary For?1. abuse: n. & v. abusive, adj.a. unkind, cruel or rude words,He burst into a storm of abuse.He constantly addressed her in terms of abuse.You are always abusing and offending people.b. wrong use, MISUSE, improper treatment, MALTREATBorrowing money is an abuse of friendship.abuse of power, drug abuse,to abuse one's power, authority, position, wealth, etc.2. popular press: newspapers, journals that are aimed at the needs or tastes of ordinary people and not the specialists in a particular subject3. phenomenon: pl, phenomena. a fact or event in nature or society4. scholarly: concerned with serious detailed study---opposite POPULAR. Scholarly matters, activities, etc involve or relate to scholars or their work.His name is known in scholarly circles throughout the world.5. staturea. Someone's stature is their height and general size.She was rather small in stature.b. The stature of a person or of their achievements is the importance and reputation that they have.a musician of international stature6. unbridled: not controlled or limited in any way, used to show disapproval; too violent and active unbridled tongue / anger7. fury: violent or very strong angerThere was fury in the Duchess' grey eyes.Hearing this, they jumped on (scold) him in a fury.He flew into a fury and said that the whole thing was disgusting.8. contempt: lack of respect.If you have contempt for someone or something, you do not like them and think that they are unimportant or of no value.They would look at us with unmistakable contempt.Her contempt for foreigners was obvious.hold sb. / sth in contempt9. calamity: an event that causes a great deal of damage, destruction, or personal sadness and distress; serious misfortune10. scandal:If sth is a scandal, a lot of people know about it and think that it is very shocking and immoral.The way that official wastes public money is a scandal.She brought scandal to her family by her outrageous behaviour.11. DISASTER, CATASTROPHE, CALAMITY, CATACL YSM mean an event or situation that is a terrible misfortune.Disaster is an unforeseen, ruinous, and often sudden misfortune that happens either through lack of foresight or through some hostile external agency; general word. 12. editorial: an article in a newspaper which gives the opinion of the editor or publisher on a topic or item of the news.13. deteriorate: cause to become worse, worsenHis sight began to deteriorate.She has suffered progressive deterioration of health.14. stern: very firm or hard towards others' behaviour.Someone who is stern is very serious and expects to be obeyed.a stern teacher / fatherHe walked to the boy and said to him very sternly, "Give that to me."15. betray:a. If you betray someone's trust, confidence, etc, or you betray your principles, you fail to act in the good and morally correct way that was expected of you.He betrayed his friends to the enemy.She betrayed her promise.Judas betrayed Jesus (to the authorities.b. If you betray a secret, a plan, etc, you tell people things that you have been asked to keep secret.16. bar: the railing in a courtroom that encloses the place about the judge，barrier in a lawcourt separating the judge, prisoner, lawyers, etc from the spectators，the prisoner at the bar 受审讯的犯人She will be judged at the bar of public opinion.17. deplorable: disgraceful, distressing, heartbreaking, lamentable, pitiable, wretched,18. flagrant / /: used to describe a bad or shocking action, situation, or attitude that is very obvious and not concealed in any way, conspicuous, notorious, shameless, outrageous notorious, open, scandalousa flagrant violation of human rights, a flagrant injustices / cheating19. non-word deluge:It's like a flood of unacceptable words.non: so bad as not to deserve the nameIt was really a bad book --- non-story with non-characters.non-words: words that are not yet acceptable, such as new slang or newly coined words.20. abominable: disgusting, heinous, villainousSomething abominable is very unpleasant, very bad, or very poor in quality, causing disgust and strong dislike used showing strong disapproval.They work six days a week in abominable conditions.Wages for primary school teachers in some area were abominable.21. dismay: feeling of fear and discouragement, disappointment, distressbe struck with dismay at the news22. They doubted that "Lincoln could have modelled ... a concept of how things get written that throws very little light on Lincoln but a great deal on Life.doubt (affirm. + that): to consider unlikelyI doubt that he will come.I doubt that he is honest.23. model...on: take as a model, or exampleShe modelled herself on her mother.24. If something throws light or shadow on a particular thing or area, it causes that thing or area to have light or a shadow on it.A spotlight threw a pool of violet light onto the stage.25. underlie: to be present as an explanation or real meaning ofWhen you say A underlies B, then A is the cause or basis of B.26. citation: the act of quotation, a short passage taken from something written or spoken by someone else27. fraud:sth that deceives people in a way that is illegal or immoral, a crime of gaining money or other benefits by trickery. It suggests the perversion of the truth for the sake of persuading sb. to surrender some valuable possession or a legal right, or an act or practice involving concealment of truth, violation of trust and confidence, or nonperformance of contracted act by which one gains an advantage over another to the injury of the latter.The judge found him guilty of fraud.The elder brother gained control of the property by fraud.28. hoax: a trick in which sb. tells the police, emergency services, or the public sth. that is not true,a bomb / dinosaur-egg somewherea forged work of art to be genuine29. discrepancy: difference. If there is a discrepancy between two things, they ought to be the same.You say you paid $5 and the bill says $3; how do you explain the discrepancy?30. interpose: to place, put in between; interrupt with a comment or question interpose a barrier between31. remedy: sth that is intended to cure you when you are ill or in pain, sth prescribed or used for the treatment of disease. It applies to a substance or treatment that is known or regarded as effective in bringing about recovery or restoration of health or the normal functioning of the body.32. compel: to make sb. do sth. by or as if by force.Compel differs from force in typically requiring a personal object. Compel commonly implies the exercise of authority, the exertion of great effort or driving force, or the impossibility for one reason or another of doing anything else.There is no possible method of compelling a child to feel sympathy or affection.But nobody emerged, and he was compelled to carry the bag himself.33. extraneous: not belonging to what is being dealt with, unrelated, alien, and foreign to avoid extraneous thingsto eliminate extraneous interference34. tout: to praise loudly or extravagantlyclout: to hit forcefully35. buggy: a light one-horse carriage made with two wheels in England and with four wheels in the US36. linguistics: the systematic study of language37. charter: written or printed statement of rights, permission to so sth., constitution the Charter of the United Nationsthe Atlantic Charterthe citizens’ rights laid down by charter38. philology:a. the study of literature and of disciplines relevant to literature or to language as used in literature.b. linguistics. esp, historical and comparative linguistics.39. inseminating: to sow seed in, to implantinseminate the minds of the young with revolutionary ideasinseminating scholar: a scholar who implants new ideas in the minds of others. semen: liquid containing sperm of male animals40. relegate: to assign to an appropriate place or situation on the basis of classification or appraisal; to dismiss to a lower position or condition. If you relegate sth. you cause it to have a less important position or status.He relegated his wife to the position of a mere housekeeper.be relegated to the garbage can of history.You can't relegate the pop song singer / movie star to the third rate.。
英语专业 高级英语第11课 beauty (课堂PPT)
Occupation Professor, novelist and essayist 5
Novels
Terrarium (1985) Bad Man Ballad (1986) The Engineer of Beasts (1986) The Invisible Company (1989)
18
• I can summon up hundreds of details from that radiant day, but on the day itself I was aware only of a surpassing joy.(P13)
• summon (up): to call forth; to make an effort (to recall the details of that day)
• Paraphrase: …, but because in wedding ceremony time seems to go slowly to everybody, even a fool could observe things clearly and see how wonderful they are.
12
Structure
• Part I ( Paras.1-13): the recollection of Eva’s wedding and the author’s feeling at that time
• Part II ( Paras.14-17): the recollection of the universe
• 2. What’s your opinion about beauty? Try to give a definition, please.
高级英语Lesson 11 第1-3段
Lesson 11 – 第1-3段组长苑力超，组员潘家琪，刘欢欢段落重点词汇和表述1.A single knoll rises out of the plain in Oklahoma, north and west of the Wichita Range. For my people, the Kiowas, it is an old landmark, and they gave it the name Rainy Mountain. Th e hardest weather in the world is there. Winter brings blizzards, hot tornadic winds arise in the spring, and in summer the prairie is an anvil's edge. The grass turns brittle and brown, and it cracks beneath your feet. There are green belts along the rivers and creeks, linear groves of hickory and pecan, willow and witch hazel. At a distance in July or August the steaming fol iage seems almost to writhe in fire. Great green-andyellow grasshoppers are everywhere in the tall grass, popping up like corn to stingthe flesh, and tortoises crawl about on the red earth, going nowhere in the plenty of time. Lo neliness is an aspect of the land. All things in the plain are isolate; there is no confusion of o bjects in the eye, but one hill or one tree or one man. To look upon that landscape in the e arly morning, with the sun at your back, is to lose the sense of proportion. Your imagination comes to life, and this, you think, is where Creation was begun.…词语用法knoll n. a small natural hill 小山There is a bower on the Knoll.小山上有一个凉亭。
高级英语第一册课件11
III. Background information Two major shorter editions exist: The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Current English and the Shorter Oxford English Dictionary. Other advances in lexicography are reflected in the frequently revised collegiate or desk dictionaries, such as the Webster's New Collegiate Dictionary.
III. Background information Webster, Noah (Oct. 16, 1748 - May 28, 1843) American lexicographer and philologist, born in West Hartford, Conn. A Yale graduate.
III. Background information Dictionary: a published list, in alphabetical order, of the words of a language, explaining and defining them, or in the case of a bilingual dictionary, translating them into another language.
III. Background information In 1840, the second edition was a failure and he had to sell the copy right to Merriam Publishing Company which thereafter became the Merriam-Webster Incorporation. Webster's other contributions include efforts in the passage of a national copyright law, in the founding of the Amherst College etc.
高级英语1 lesson 11
Discussion
Para. 19-21 What's the Post's editorial's attitude to the definition of "door" offered by the Third International? Explain "takes the plain, downright, man-in-thestreet attitude". Para. 22-23 What's the biggest booby traps mentioned in the first sentence? Why was Dr. Johnson ridiculed?
China’s Army of graduates is struggling A Vermont Senator becomes a Twitter Senator
Discussion
Para 14 What is the full truth about American English today? How would you understand "certainty is impossible and simplification is misleading“? Para 15-18 What kind of facts should the dictionary record? What does the writer say about pronunciation?
“..it (life) is a tale Told by an idiot, full of Sound and fury Signifying nothing.” -Macbeth, Act V, Scene IV the novel Sound and Fury---William Faulkner
大学高级英语第一册第11课译文及课后答案
大学高级英语第一册第11课译文及课后答案1）谐趣园是仿照无锡的一座花园建造的。
The Garden of Harmonious Interest was modeled on a garden in Wuxi.2）他号召孩子们以 ___英雄为榜样。
He called on the children to model themselves on the PLA heroes.3）这本书应归入哲学类。
This work may be related to philosophy.4）本杰明·富兰克林不仅是政治家，而且还是科学家、发明家。
Benjamin Franklin was as much a scientist and an inventor as a statesman.5）他把每次试验的结果都记在本子上。
He set down all the findings of every experiment in his notebook.6）你能用简明的语言概括这首古诗的中心思想吗？Can you sum up the central idea of this ancient poem in plain terms?7）我们应不断地使自己的思想适应变化的情况。
We should constantly adapt our thinking to the changing conditions.8）年轻的士兵冻死在雪地里，手里还紧握着枪。
The young soldier was frozen to death in the snow, his hands still hanging on to a gun.9）该公司将为他们提供住宿和交通工具。
The said pany will furnishthem with lodging and transportation.10）车速限制在每小时55公里之内。
【ppt课件】高级英语课件第十一课
4. stature:originally a person’s bodily height. Figuratively,
mental or moral quality , development, growth, or level of
attainment, especially as worthy of esteem. Not to be confused
doesn't accelerate. 尽管人们努力想根除腐败，但腐败现象仍存在着，虽然 没有恶化。
Precipitate表示通常引起某事突然地或在时机未成熟时发 生的突然性或匆促性：
The mere mention of the issue precipitated an outburst of indignation during the meeting. 会议上刚一提到这件事就引发了一阵愤怒
dictionary.
flagrant:conspicuously bad, offensive, or reprehensible: 臭名远扬的，丑恶可耻的、讨人厌的
flagrant glaring gross egregious rank:These adjectives refer
to what is conspicuously bad or offensive flagrant crime 滔天罪行 a glaring error; 明显的错误；
deluge of words滔滔不绝的话
After me the D-! After us the D-! (死)后(之)事与我何干! 14. monstrous: ( colloquial )quite absurd,scandalous adj.巨大的, 怪异的, 恐怖的, 凶暴的 adj.<口>难以置信的, 荒谬的 15. abominable : disgusting 16. cause ( for dismay ): a reason, motive or ground for some action or feeling, etc, . Especially sufficient reason (cause for complaint ) When cause means something producing an effect or result, it is followed by the preposition of , e.g. causes of the traffic accidents. 17. They doubted that : “ Lincoln could have modelled his Gettysburg Address” on it: They didn’t believe that Lincoln could have written his famous Gettysburg Address with the language described in the Third International as model.
高级英语上讲义Lesson11
Lesson Eleven On Getting Off to Sleep一、Words and Expressions1. avail n. 效用 usebe of little/no avail 没有多大（一点儿）帮助、用处Your advice is of no avail to us. 你的建议对我们一点儿帮助都没有。
to little/no avail, without avail 徒劳无功v. avail oneself of sth. 使用，利用 make use of, make advantage ofYou must avail yourself of every opportunity to speak English. 你要利用一切机会说英语。
adj. available2. bovine adj. i. 牛的ii. 迟钝的，笨拙的 dull, stupid3. callous adj. 冷酷无情的 cool, indifferent, cruel, unsympathetic4. corporal adj. of the human body体罚 corporal punishment5. crooked adj. 歪的，弯曲的 not straight, twisted, bent, curved不老实的，不正当的dishonest, illegalcrooked business 奸商6. crushing 强烈的，压倒一切的dominant, overwhelmingdashing：energetic7. depth/width/strength/length8. event—eventful（变故多的, 重要的, 多事的）—eventual（最后的）a eventful year/lifeeventual: final, ultimate9. perish: v. 破坏，灭亡destroy, dieThousands of people perished in the earthquake. 那次地震死者数以千计。
高级英语第二册Lesson11The_Future_of_the__English[1]
![高级英语第二册Lesson11The_Future_of_the__English[1]](https://img.taocdn.com/s3/m/0a398fe34afe04a1b071de80.png)
Aims
4) Helping students to understand some difficult words and expressions; 5) Helping students to understanding rhetorical devices; 6) Encouraging students to voice their own viewpoint fluently and accurately.
3.offers more and more things for more and more money, creates the so-called “Good Life” 4.operates in the outer visible world 5.a poster in full colour
Detailed Study of the Essay
Pre-class work:
1. What do you think the author is going to focus on: the future of the English as an international language, the future of the English as a nation or the future of the English people? 2. You are supposed to figure out the type of the essay from the title. It’s an imaginary fiction forecasting the future of the English or not? 3. What do you think the future of your own country and people would be like?
高级英语(第三版)第一册第十一课 The Way to Rainy Mountain
Structure of the Text
Part I: Paras 1-3: introduction to the whole text
Part II: Paras 4-10: the author explores the three stages of the Kiowa culture emergence, evolution and decline.
• Loneliness is an aspect of the land
Loneliness is a major quality of this landscape. The author emphasizes loneliness, perhaps because this quality enables one to concentrate one’s mind on the earth.
• One hill or one tree or one man:
The use of “one” instead of an indefinite article “a” emphasizes the fact that there is only one hill, only one tree or only one man.
高级英语第三版 Lesson 11 The Way to Rainy Mountain 翻译答案
Lesson 111.政治局势的新变化使得这两个比较小的政党结成了联盟。
2.他的失败在于他的性情而不是能力。
3.我有个重要问题想和你讨论。
你能抽出半个小时吗4.有很多人喜欢在网上聊天，这样他们可以免除当面谈话时可能遇到的尴尬。
5.这些河流再也不清澈了，河水的质量降低到了劣五级，连灌溉农田都不能用了。
6.文章虽短，但其象征性含义却很丰富，值得深入分析。
7.雪山高耸入云，其神秘的美丽无与伦比。
8.他从小离开家，和父母很少见面，所以在父亲面前总是有些约束。
9.这次会议十分重要，谁也不得无故缺席。
10.在她的记忆中，母亲既严厉又慈爱。
参考答案1.Changes in the political situation brought the two small parties intoalliance.2.His failure was due to his disposition rather than his ability.3.I have something important to discuss with you. Could you spare halfan hour4.Many people prefer to chat online as this can spare them any awkwardnessthat may occur when talking face to face.5.No longer are the rivers clean and clear, and the water quality hasreduced to worse than Level V, unfit even for agricultural irrigation.6.Short as it is, the article is very rich in symbolic implications whichdeserve a through analysis.7.The snow mountain reached into the sky, its beauty beyond allcomparison.8.He left home as a child and has seen little of his father since then.So he never feels at home in his father’s presence.9.As this meeting is very important, nobody should be absent withoutcause.10.In her memory, her mother was at once severe and kind.。
高级英语第二册第十一课学习辅导资料
opolitan political terms, the usual Left-Centre-Right stuff, is alm ost always wasting time and trouble. The English are different. The English are even m ore different than they think they are, though not m ore different than they feel they are. And what they feel — Englishness again - ism ore important than what they think. It is instinctive feeling and not rational thought that shapes and colours actual events in England.to be so sharply divided, always indulging in plenty of loud political abuse, there are nothing like so m any Comm unists or neo- or potential Fascists in England as there are in m ost other countries. Again, although the English seem to have m ore than their share of rallies, protest marches, confrontations with authority, what could begin to look like a m urderous encounter in France or Am erica, or m ight be a bloody street battle in Japan, would in England end at the worst in a few scuffles and arrests. This is because there are fewer fanatical believers am ong the English, and at the sam e tim e, below the noisy argum ents, the abuse and the quarrels, there is a reservoir of instinctive fellow-feeling, not yet exhausted though it m ay not be filling up. Not everybody can draw on that reservoir. No doubt there are in England som e snarling shop stewards who demand freedom for the workers when what they really want is to bring the whole system crashing down, together with every guarantee of liberty. No doubt there are wealthy employers who sm ile at the TV cam eras and declare that all they desire is the friendliest relation with their work force, when at heart they would like to take a whip to the whole idletroublesom e m ob of them. But there are not m any of these m en, either on the board or the shop floor, and they are certainly not typical English. Som e cancer in their character has eaten away their Englishness.‘different’, who have inherited Englishness and have not yet thrown away their inheritance, cannot feel at hom e in the contemporary world, representing the accelerated developm ent of our whole age. It demands bigness, and they are suspicious of bigness. (And there is now not only Industrial bigness; there is also Scientific bigness, needing m ore and m ore to discover less and less.) Clearly everything cannot be done by smallish and reasonably hum an enterprises. No cosy shipyard can undertake to build a 150,000-ton ship, though we m ay not be in our right minds if we want such a ship. But it is safe to say that while Englishness m ay reluctantly accept bigness, its m onsters are never heartily welcom ed. They look all right in America, itself so large, but seem altogether out of scale in England. Along with the demand for bigness goes a demand for severe efficiency, often quite rational but not reasonable, therefore alien to Englishness. A further necessary demand, to feed the m onster with higher and higher figures and larger and larger profits, is for enorm ous advertising campaigns and brigades of razor-keen salesmen. Finally, from the m onster and all its spokesm en com es a m essage, endlessly repeated. It runsm ore or less as follows: ‘You ought to be happy. But you are not happy. You can be happy, though, if you buy what we are m aking for you.’ And a postscript might be added from Iago: ‘Put m oney in thy purse.’‘Admass’, and will do so from now on. I will also announcewhat the future of the English hangs upon, while at the sam e tim e, unlike almost everybody else, keeping well clear of econom ics. It hangs upon the final result of a battle that has been going on for som e years now and that explains why the Englishseem so odd, eccentric, unsatisfactory, not only abroad but to many persons at hom e.It is a battle that is being fought in the minds of the English. It is between 'Admass', which has already conquered m ost of the Western world, and 'Englishness', ailing and im poverished, in no position to receive vast subsidies of dollars, francs, deutschmarks and the rest, for public relations and advertising campaigns. The triumphs of 'Admass' can be plainly seen. It operates in the outer visible world, where it offers m ore andm ore things - for m ore and m ore money of course - and creates the so-called ‘Good Life’. Against this, at least superficially, 'Englishness' seem s a poor shadowy show –a faint pencil sketch beside a poster in full colour - belonging as it really does to the invisible inner world, m erely offering states of m ind in place of that rich variety of things. But then while things are important, states of mind are even m ore important.'Englishness'. What is central to 'Admass' is the production and consum ption of goods. If there is enough of this —though of course there never is, because dissatisfaction is built into 'Admass' - there will be sufficient m oney to pay for its‘Good Life’. But it is worth noting along the way that while America has been for many years the chief advocate of 'Adm ass', America has shown us too m any desperatelyworried executives dropping into early graves, too m any exhausted salesm en takingrefuge in bars and breaking up their hom es, too m any workm en suffering fromm onotony or tim e-and-motion studies and wondering how the hell they got into these traps. And America, to its credit, can also show us a lot of sensible m en and wom en who have denounced all this and have walked out of it. But this book is about the English, not the Am ericans. Now 'Englishness', with its relation to the unconscious, its dependence upon instinct and intuition, cannot break its links with the past: it has deep long roots. Being itself a state of mind, it cannot ignore other states of mind and cannot help feeling that 'Admass', with its ruthless com petitiveness, its idea of m an simply as a producer and consum er, its dependence upon dissatisfaction, greed and envy, m ust be responsible for bad and not good states of mind. Furtherm ore, while 'Englishness' is not hostile to change, it is deeply suspicious of change for change’s sake, rejecting the idea that we are now committed to som e inevitable m echanical progress. Here we m ight take a concrete exam ple. 'Englishness' would support animmediate dem and, at the expense of many other things, for m ore and better housing.Without adequate shelter and a decent place to call their own, people feel wretched. But people in England, not a big country, do not have to have m ore and m ore and larger and larger cars, with longer and wider m otorways, wrecking the countryside, to take the cars. If they think they do, this is 'Admass' at work. People have wanted houses for centuries, and cars of their own only for a very short tim e. To put cars and m otorways before houses seem s to 'Englishness' a comm unal imbecility .this time of writing, we in England are in the m iddle of it. I must add that while'Englishness' can still fight on, 'Admass' could be winning. There are various reasonswhy this m ay be happening. To begin with, not all the English ho ld fast to 'Englishness'.Som e important and influential m en carefully train them selves out of it - politicians, academ ics, bureaucrats, ambitious financiers and industrialists, can be found am ong these m en - and a horde of others, shallow and foolish, wander away from it, shrugging off their inheritance. 'Englishness' is not as strong as it was even thirty years ago. It needs to be nourished by a sense of the dignity and possible destiny of mankind. It m ust have som e m oral capital to draw upon, and soon it m ay be asking for an overdraft . The Zeitgeist seem s to be working for 'Admass'. So does m ost of what we read and what we hear. Even our inflation, which keeps everybody nudging everybody for m ore m oney, is often seen not as a warning, not as an enem y of the genuine good life, but as a proof that we need m ore and not less 'Admass'.e battles have been won or lost because the commander of a large force, arriving late, decided alm ost at the last m oment to change sides. I feel that a powerful section of English workers, together with their union bosses, is in the sam e situation as that commander just before he could m ake up his mind. These m en believe that if there is a ‘Good Life’ going, then it’s high tim e they had their s hare of it. But som e rem aining 'Englishness' in them whispers that there m ay be a catch in it. Where’s this ‘Good Life’ in sweating your guts out, just because the m anagers are on theproductivity-per-m an-hour caper? It’s all a racket anyhow. If we don’t work like the old man used to do, we’re not turning out the honest stuff the old m an was expected to turn out. It’s the profit now, not the product. Half the time, we cheat the forem en, the forem en cheat the m anagem ent, the m anagem ent cheats the custom ers. Okay, we want shorter hours, m ore holidays, bigger pay packets - then the ‘Good Life’ of the adverts for us. Or are we kidding ourselves?not pretending that som ething like this is being said in every branch of English industry, and certainly not where there is a genuine - if rather old-fashioned –pride in the work on hand. But som ething like it is being said, thought or felt, in the very places where there is the m ost m oney, the m ost boredom, the m ost trouble and‘industrial action’, and indeed the m ost 'Admass'. Behind the constant bickering , the sudden walk-outs and strikes, the ‘bloody-m indedness’, which bewilder so m any foreign comm entators, is the conflict between 'Admass', offering so m uch, and the 'Englishness' that instinctively recoils from 'Admassian' values and life-style. There are, of course, people on the m anagement side who m ay be aware of this conflict in them selves, but it is probably nothing like so sharp, the 'Admass' spoils being greater for them and their instinctive feeling not being so strong. The comm on people have clung harder to tradition than any other class. In addition to this conflict, all the m ore worrying because it is hardly ever openly discussed, there is som ething else that m ust disturb many officials and m embers of the m ore powerful trade unions. This is the anomalous position of these huge organizations. What exactly are they? One day they describe themselves as existing simply to negotiate rates of pay, hours and conditionsof work. Another day they talk and behave as if the country was m oving towardssyndicalism and they were in the van. A week later they will be back in their purely negotiating role. They m ake the rest of us feel that either they should be m oreim portant and if possible creative, or less im portant, just minding their own business. As it is they are like a hippopotam us blundering in and out of a pets’ tea party. Moreover, sooner or later they will have to put an end to this conflict between 'Adm ass' and what remains of their 'Englishness', com ing down decisively on one side or theother, for they cannot enjoy both together. The future of the English may be shaped by this decision.fascinated and then enslaved by 'Admass', and who if necessary are ready to m ake afew sacrifices, largely m aterial, to achieve a satisfying state of m ind. They probably believ e, as I do, that the 'Admass Good Life’ is a fraud on all counts. Even the stuff it produces is m ostly junk, m eant to be replaced as soon as you can afford to keep on buying. Such people can be found am ong workers in smallish, well-managed and honest enterprises, in which everybody still cares about the product and does not assum e the custom ers are idiots. They can be found, too - though not in largenum bers because the breed is dying out - am ong crusty High Tories who avoid the City and d irectors’ fees. But they are strongest and, I fancy, on the increase in the professional classes, m en and wom en who m ay or m ay not believe in m y'Englishness' but have rejected 'Admass'. They are usually articulate; they have m any acquaintances, inside or outside their professions, ready to listen to them; and not afew of them have a chance to talk on TV and radio. If the battle can be won, it will probably be these m en and wom en who will swing it.member that as soon as we consider even the fairly immediate future then our young will not be the young anym ore; som e other young will have arrived. It is one difficulty the Am ericancounter-culture enthusiasts have to face - that while they are still praising the rebellious young, half those lads and girls may have already lost their youth and m ay be as busy conforming to Madison Avenue as they conform ed earlier to Hippy California or the road to Katmandu. So far as the English young are concerned, I am dubious about the noisy types, whether they are shouting in the streets or joining the vast herds at pop festivals. Too m any of them lack the individuality to stand up to'Admass', which can provide them with another and even larger herd to join. I have far m ore faith in the quieter young, who never swaggered around in the youth racket , who may have com e under the influence of one or two of those professional m en and wom en, who have probably given som e thought to what life m ay be like at forty or forty-five. They, too, m ight help to swing the battle.and underpaid, to all the English who have som e integrity, som e individual judgment and real values. Far too m any of the other English - though 1 don’t say a m ajority - are sloppy people. They are easy to get along with, rarely unkind, but they are not dependable; they are inept , shiftless, slovenly , m essy . This is not entirely their ownfault. Unlike their fathers or grandfathers, they have not been disciplined by grimcircum stances. They are no longer facing starvation if they don’t work properly or go on strike, no longer told to clear out if they aren’t properly respectful and start answering back, no longer find themselves the victim s of too many hard facts. And this, in m y opinion, is how things should be in a civilized society. But people who have been liberated from the harsh discipline of circumstance should then m ove on to acquire som e m easure of self-discipline. Without self- discipline a m an cannot play an adequate part in a civilized society: he will be just slopping around, accepting no responsibility, skimping the work he is supposed to be doing, cheating not only‘the bosses’, the capitalists, but even his neighbours. And unless he is an unusual type, he will not even find m uch satisfaction in this scrounging messy existence, which does nothing for a man’s self-respect. (I am keeping this on the male side, if only because a wom an’s problem s are generally m ore personal, immediate, em otionally urgent, so that unless she is a hopeless case she has to face and deal with som e of them.) And this is the situation that m any of the English, decent at heart, find them selves in today.Bewildered, they grope and m ess around because they have fallen between two stools,the old harsh discipline having vanished and the essential new self-discipline either not understood or thought to be out of reach.is a m enace, now and in the future. All heavily industrialized societies are in the boredom business. This is not sim ply because so m uch of the work they offer is boring. It is also because, after having shattered the slow rhythms, thetraditional skills, the closely knit communities of rural societies, they crowd peopletogether, excite them by large prom ises that cannot be kept, so drive them into boredom. Now the English - at least the contem porary English of m y experience - can soon feel bored, which largely explains why they gamble and booze so m uch and enjoy any dram atic change in public life, any news that encourages excited talk: the urban English have always seem ed to m e a dramatic people. When boredom can’t be banished, there is always danger ahead. Teenagers, ‘who have not been able to use up enough energy during the day (they should be worked harder), turn at night to idiot vandalism . Later, if boredom hardens into frustration, som e of them, too m any ofthem, take to crim e, all kinds, from petty shop-lifting to ferocious robbery with violence.ore superficially insecure, when I wasyoung, but there seem ed to be m ore honesty about, less constant cheating and pilfering and certainly far less vicious criminality. Other elem ents apart from boredom of cour se have been at work here. There is Iago’s ‘Put m oney in thy purse’; there is the false notion that the world owes you som ething while you owe it nothing; the other idea that so long as you are not found out, then all will be well - no final dam nation threatening you any longer, and no understanding yet that there can be plenty of Hells on a do-it-yourself basis. Behind it all, whether people are sunk into alm ost m indless apathy or scream out of their frustration for violence, there is a feeling that everything is different now, that life has been ‘found out’ to be without m eaning, without purpose, equally negative for all m ankind or for your own nation. Naturally I am not saying all theEnglish are down on this level. We still have som e 'Englishness' left, keeping ourminds open to the past and retaining som e faith in our future, rejecting thelogic-chopping rational for the widely if hazily reasonable, refusing to be cut off frominstinct and intuition.Yes, 'Englishness' is still with us. But it needs reinforcem ent, extra nourishm ent,especially now when our public life seems ready to starve it. There are English peopleof all ages, though far m ore under thirty than over sixty, who seem to regard politics asa gam e but not one of their gam es – polo , let us say. To them the 'House ofCommons' is a rem ote squabbling-shop. Recognized political parties are repertorycom panies staging ghostly cam paigns, and all that is real between them is thearrangem ent by which one set of chaps take their turn at m inisterial jobs while the otherset pretend to be astounded and shocked and bring in talk of ruin. The whole thing, inthe eyes of these people, is an expensive and tedious farce. In m y view they aremistaken, indeed quite dangerously wrong, and I can only hope that no youngdem agogue of genius and his friends are listening to them. Otherwise they could soonlearn, in the worst way, that heavy hands can fall on the shoulders that have beenshrugging away politics. You can ignore politics, taking what has been gained forgranted, only to discover your cousins have vanished and you are being knocked up atthree in the m orning. Dictatorships have thrived on m ajorities that are apathetic andthen frightened, and on m inorities that are fanatically divided, brutally quarrelsom e and stupid.ajority, whichim agines itself to be outside politics, and the stubbornly divided m inority, only agreeing in being m yopic and entirely self-interested, exist in England. But I believe there m ust also still exist, if only on a hidden level, what rem ains of a characteristically English sense of community, decent fellow-feeling, fair ness. (‘It isn’t fair’, children still cry.) In spite of the 'Admass' atm osphere, inflation, the all-round grab, all this must yet exist even now, for there are deep roots here. But those roots m ust be needing nourishm ent. 'Englishness' cannot be fed with the east wind of a narrow rationality, the latest figures of profit and loss, a constant appeal to self-interest. Politicians are always m aking such appeals, whereas statesmen, when they can be found, prefer to take themselves and their hearers out of the stock exchanges, shareholders’ m eetings, counting-houses. They offer men the chance of behaving better and not as usual. They create an atm osphere in which the fam iliar greed and envy and resentm ent begin to seem small and contem ptible. They restore to people their idea of themselves as a family. It has been done in England over and over again. But not lately. There has been little or no appeal from deep feeling to deep feeling, from imagination to im agination. Recent years have ‘robbed us of immortal things’. But we do not have to go on like that, to enter a 'Comm on Market of national character'. It is now m any years since I first declared in public m y belief that the English, despite so m any appearances to the contrary, are at heart and at root an im aginative people immediately responsive to any suggestion of drama in their lives. Deprived of it, they drift towards boredom, sulks and foolish short-sighted quarrels.And this is true, whether they are wearing bowler hats or ungovernable m ops of hair.To face the future properly they need both a direction and a great lift of the heart. A rather poorer and harder way of life will not defeat them so long as it is not harder and poorer in spirit, so long as it still refuses to reject 'Englishness' - for so m any centuriesthe secret of the islanders’ oddity and irrationality, their m any weaknesses, their creative strength.The Final Chapter from ‘The English’ published by William Heinemann in 19731. Iago: the villain in Shakespeare's Othello. His advice to Roderigo is, "Put m oney in thy purse", (to get rich, to have a lot of m oney) if he wants to win the favor of Desdem ona. (Act I, Scene Ⅲ, Line 340)2. Admass: a system of comm ercial marketing that attempts to influence great masses of consum ers by m ass-m edia advertising3. tim e-and-m otion studies: an investigation of the m otion perform ed and time taken in industrial work with a view to increase production4. adverts: colloquial abbreviation of "advertisem ents"5. bloody-m indedness: a show or a m ood of aggressive obstinacy6. High Tories: a bigoted or extrem e conservative in politics7. Hippy: sam e as "Hippie"8. road to Katm andu: a search for truth in Eastern religions or m ysticism9. east wind: the spring wind that revitalizes nature1)Im proving students’ability to read between lines and understand the text properly;2)Cultivating students’ability to m ake a creative reading;3)Enhancing students’ability to appreciate the text from different perspectives4)Helping students to understand som e difficult words and expressions;5)Helping students to understanding rhetorical devices;6) Encouraging students to voice their own viewpoint fluently and accuratelyTeaching Contents1.Background Knowledge2.Exposition and Argument3.Detailed Study of The Essayanization Pattern5.Style and Language FeaturesTim e allocation1.Background knowledge (15 min.)2.Detailed study of the text (180 min.)3.Structure analysis (15 m in.)nguage appreciation (15 m in.)5.Free talk (30 min)课文讲解部分Background Knowledge About the Author and His Works1) A brief introduction to the author, Priestley: /Jpriestley.htm2) AdmassThe whole system of an increasing productivity, plus inflation, plus a rising standard of material living, plus high-pressure advertising and salesmanship, plus mass communications, plus cultural dem ocracy and the creation of the m ass mind, the mass man the part of society that can be influenced by advertising or publicityExposition and Argument1) Type of literature: part exposition and part persuasion or argum entFor further information, connect to< http://hom epages.iol.ie/~laoistec/LENGLISH/lpers.html>Difference between exposition and argum entDifference between persuasion and argumentHonest persuasion and dishonest persuasionForm al argument and informal argum entDetailed Study of The Essay1. The dom inant intention or the controversial topic of his argum ent is stated early in paragraph one in one unam biguous sentence: “ The English are different”.1) It is instinctive feeling and not rational thought that shapes and colours actual events in England.“Englishness again”—an inserted elliptical phrase standing for perhaps: This shows their Englishness again.“Below the noisy argum ents, the abuse and the quarrels, there is a reservoir of instinctive fellow –feeling”—The English people may hotly argue and abuse and quarrel with each other but there still exists a lot of natural sympathetic feeling for each other.“Som e cancer in their character has eaten away their Englishness”figure of speech:___________. Compare ________ to _______.2) The English do not feel at hom e in the contem porary world, representing the accelerated developm ent of our whole age. They are suspicious of largeness, severe efficiency and admass.“Along with the demand for bigness goes a dem and for severe efficiency, ofter quite rational but not reasonable, therefore alien to Englishness.”—Along with the demand for bigness, there is also a dem and for strict and dem anding efficiency. This is often the product of cold logical thinking but not sensible. Therefore it is opposed or repugnant to Englishness.3) The English are also deeply suspicious of change for change’s sake.4) The English can soon feel bore d and that’s why they gamble and booze so m uch and enjoy any dram atic change in public life.5) The English have a sense of comm unity, decent fellow feeling, fairness.6) The English are at heart and at root an im aginative people imm ediately responsive to any suggestion of dram a in their lives.2. The Future of the English hangs on1) The final result of a battle between Admass and Englishness.The striking contrast between admass and Englishness to show how inevitable the battle is.Admass Englishness1.Already conquered m ost of the western world2.receive vast subsidies of dollars,francs, Deutschmarks and the rest for public relations and advertising campaigns3.offers m ore and m ore things for m ore and m ore m oney ,creates the so-called “Good Life”4.operates in the outer visible world5.a poster in full colour1.ailing and impoverished2.in no position to receive vast subsidies of dollars,francs, Deutschmarks and the rest for public relations and advertising campaigns3.offers states of m ind in place of that rich variety of thins4.belong to the invisible inner world5.a poor shadowy show, a faint pencil sketch“Against this, at least superficially, Englishness seem s a poor shadowy show — a faint percil sketch beside a poster in full colour …”Shadowy show: ____________.The conflict between Admass and Englishness.Admass: What is central to Admass is the production and consumption of goods. Dissatisfaction is em bedded in AdmassRuthless com petitivenessTake m an only as a producer and consum erDependence upon dissatisfaction, greed and envyEnglishness: With its relation to the unconsciousDependence upon instinct and intuitionAdherence to the past and deep long rootsNot hostile to change and deeply suspicious of change for change’s sakeRejecting being committed to som e inevitable m echanical progressWhile Englishness can still fight on, Admass could be winning.Reason:Not all the English hold fast to EnglishnessSom e important and influential m en carefully train them selves out of itA horde of others, shallow and foolish, wander away form itThe spirits of age is working for AdmassMost of what we read and what we hear is working for AdmassInflation proved that we need m ore and not less Admass2) The Future of the English rests upon the decision made by English workers together with the people on the m anagem ent side who will have to put an end to the conflict between Admass and Englishness.3) The Future of the English hangs upon m en and wom en who are strong-minded enough to hold the Englishness and reject Admass4) The Future of the English depends upon the quieter young, who under the influence of one or two of those professional m en and wom en, far-sighted enough to think what life would be like in the future.5) The Future of the English can not depends on the SLOOPY PEOPLE3. Boredom is a MENACE.Heavily industrially societyoffer boring work shatter slow rhythm s, crowd and excite people bytraditional skills, closely knit prom ises that cannot be keptcommunities of rural societies↓boredom↓idiot vandalism, frustration, ferocious robbery with violence, vicious crim inality4. English is still with us. But it needs reinforcement, extra nourishm ent.1) On a hidden level, there rem ains of a characteristically English sense of community, decent fellow feeling, fairness.2) Englishness cannot be fed with the east wind of a narrow rationality, the latest figures of profit and loss, a constant appeal to self-interest.3) English are at heart and at root an im aginative people imm ediately responsive to any suggestion of drama in their lives.Question:“And this is true, whether they are wearing bowler hats or ungovernable m ops of hair.”The rhetorical device used in this sentence is __________.“bowler hats” is standing for ___________.“ungovernable m ops of hair” is standing for ___________.5. The writer’s voice。
张汉熙《高级英语（1）》（第3版）学习指南【词汇短语+课文精解+全文翻译+练习答案】（Lesson
张汉熙《高级英语（1）》（第3版）学习指南【词汇短语+课文精解+全文翻译+练习答案】（LessonLesson 11 The Way to Rainy Mountain一、词汇短语1. blizzard n. a severe snowstorm characterized by coldtemperatures and heavy drifting of snow大风雪2. anvil n. an iron block on which a blacksmith puts hot pieces ofmetal before shaping them with a hammer铁砧，[解]砧骨3. brittle adj. hard but easily broken易碎的，脆弱的4. hickory n. the hard wood of the N American hickory tree 山核桃属植物5. pecan n. the nut of the American pecan tree with a smoothpinkish-brown shell美洲山核桃树6. witch hazel n. any of several shrubs or trees of thegenus Hamamelis; bark yields an astringent lotion金缕梅7. foliage n. the leaves of a tree or plant; leaves and branches together树叶，植物8. writhe v. to twist or move your body without stopping, often becauseyou are in great pain翻腾9. grasshopper n.an insect with long back legs, that can jump very high and that makesa sound with its legs蚱蜢，蝗虫10. preeminently adv. to a very great degree; especially卓越地；杰出地11. disposition n. the natural qualities of a person’s character性情，性格12. grim adj. looking or sounding very serious, unpleasant and depressing严酷的，冷酷的13. unrelenting adj. 1) not stopping or becoming lesssevere; 2) if a person is unrelenting, they continue with somethingwithout considering the feelings of other people不宽恕的，不屈不挠的；无情的，冷酷的14. canyon n. a long, narrow valley between high cliffs, often with astream flowing through it (美)峡谷，溪谷15. pillage n. the act of stealing things from a place or region,especially in a war, using violence掠夺16. corral n. an closure for holding or capturing horses, cattle or other animals畜栏17. affliction n. pain and suffering or something that causes it 痛苦，苦恼18. brooding adj. sad and mysterious or threatening沉思的，徘徊不去的19. divinity n. the quality of being a god or like God神，神学，神性，上帝20. cleavage n. a division or split between people or groups 劈开，分裂21. elk n. a large deer that lives in the north of Europe, Asia and NorthAmerica. In North America it is called a moose.美洲赤鹿22. badger n. an animal with grey fur and wide black and white lineson its head. Badgers are nocturnal (= active mostly at night) and live inholes in the ground.獾23. flax n. a plant with blue flowers, grown for its stem that is used tomake thread and its seeds that are used to make linseed oil 亚麻24. buckwheat n. small darkseed that is grown as food for animals and for making flour 荞麦25. stonecrop n. (植物)景天26. larkspur n. a tall garden plant with blue, pink or whiteflowers growing up its stem翠雀属植物27. billow v. 1) to fill with air and swell out; 2) to fill with air and swell out翻腾28. sweet clover n. 草木樨植物29. lee n. a sheltered place, especially one on that side of anything awayfrom the wind背风处，庇护所30. profusion n. a very large quantity of something丰富，充沛，慷慨31. deity n. the state of being a god; divine nature; a god orgoddess神，神性32. solstice n. either of the two times of the year at which the sunreaches its highest or lowest point in the sky at midday, marked by thelongest and shortest days至日；冬至或夏至33.caldron n. a large kettle or boiler大锅(炉)，大汽锅34.wean v. to cause (oneself or someone else) to give up aformer habit;to withdraw (a person) by degrees (from a habit, object of affection, etc.) asby substituting some other interest使断奶，使放弃，使断念35. ridge n. a narrow area of high land along the top of a line of hills; ahigh pointed area near the top of a mountain山脊，屋脊36. upthrust n. the force with which a liquid or gas pushes upagainst an object that is floating in it向上推，浮力；(地质) 地壳隆起37. engender v. to make a feeling or situation exist造成38. score v. to make cuts or lines in or on something把……记下；划线，刻划；获得；评价39. kinsmen v. a male relative男性亲属40. tenuous adj. 1) so weak or uncertain that it hardly exists;2)extremely thin and easily broken纤细的，脆弱的；稀薄的；贫乏的41. reverence n. a feeling of great respect or admiration forsomebody/something尊敬，敬畏42. consummate adj. extremely skilled; perfect完美的，圆满的43. impale v. to pierce through or fix with a sharp object刺穿，(作为刑罚) 把……钉在尖桩上；使绝望44. barter n. the system of exchanging goods, property, services, etc.for other goods, etc. without using money物品交换，实物交易45. deicide n. the killing of a god杀神，杀神者，害死耶稣的人46. skillet n. a small frying pan煮锅，长柄浅锅47. rambling adj. spreading in various directions with noparticular pattern漫步的，散漫的，流浪性的48. shawl n. a large piece of cloth worn by a woman around the shouldersor head, or wrapped around a baby披肩，围巾49. sentinel n. a soldier whose job is to guard something哨兵50. opaque adj. not able to be seen through; not transparent ortranslucent不透明的，不传热的，迟钝的51. abide v. to dislike somebody/something so much that you hatehaving to be with or deal with them忍受，容忍；持续，遵守52. ample adj. large, often in an attractive way充足的，丰富的，宽敞的53. council n. a group of people who are elected to govern anarea such as a city or county政务会，理事会，委员会54. servitude n. the condition of being a slave or beingforced to obey another person劳役，奴役；奴隶状态；地役权55. fright n. a feeling of fear惊骇，惊吓，害怕56. nocturnal adj. of the night夜的，夜曲的，夜间发生的57. wake n. a watch or vigil held over the body of a dead person duringthe night before burial (葬礼前)守夜，看护58. perch v. to alight or rest on栖息，位于，使坐落于59. handrail n. a long, narrow bar that you can hold onto forsupport, for example when you are going up or down stairs 栏杆，扶手60. purl v. to flow with a gentle movement and amurmuring sound潺潺流水61. scissortail n. (美洲)叉尾霸鹟62. hie v. to go quickly催促，赶快二、课文精解1.The Way to Rainy Mountain：《雨山之路》（1969年）是由普利策奖获得者斯科特写的一篇散文。
高级英语第十一课
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II. Detailed study of the text
Textual Structure
Part 1: ( 1-3 ): Opening paragraphs: raising the question
Part 2: ( 4 – 13/17): Statements before basic principles
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Para.1
The storm of abuse in the popular press that greeted the appearance of Webster’s Third International Dictionary is a curious phenomenon. Never has a scholarly work of this stature been attacked with such unbridled fury and contempt. …Atlantic viewed it as a ―disappointment,‖ a ―shock,‖ a ―calamity,‖ ―a scandal and a disaster. The New York Times, in a special editorial, felt that the work would ―accelerate the deterioration‖ of the language and sternly accused the editors of betraying a public trust. The Journal…saw the publication as ―deplorable,‖ ―a flagrant example of lexicographic irresponsibility,‖ ― a serious blow to the cause of good English.‖ Life called it ― a non-word deluge,‖ ―monstrous,‖ ―abominable,‖ ―a cause for dismay.‖ They doubted that ― Lincoln could have modelled his Gettysburg Address‖ on it – a concept of how things get written that throws very little light on Lincoln but a great deal on Life.
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Lesson Eleven On Getting Off to Sleep一、Words and Expressions1. avail n. 效用 usebe of little/no avail 没有多大（一点儿）帮助、用处Your advice is of no avail to us. 你的建议对我们一点儿帮助都没有。
to little/no avail, without avail 徒劳无功v. avail oneself of sth. 使用，利用 make use of, make advantage ofYou must avail yourself of every opportunity to speak English. 你要利用一切机会说英语。
adj. available2. bovine adj. i. 牛的ii. 迟钝的，笨拙的 dull, stupid3. callous adj. 冷酷无情的 cool, indifferent, cruel, unsympathetic4. corporal adj. of the human body体罚 corporal punishment5. crooked adj. 歪的，弯曲的 not straight, twisted, bent, curved不老实的，不正当的dishonest, illegalcrooked business 奸商6. crushing 强烈的，压倒一切的dominant, overwhelmingdashing：energetic7. depth/width/strength/length8. event—eventful（变故多的, 重要的, 多事的）—eventual（最后的）a eventful year/lifeeventual: final, ultimate9. perish: v. 破坏，灭亡destroy, dieThousands of people perished in the earthquake. 那次地震死者数以千计。
腐烂，老化rotadj. perishable 易腐烂的，易坏的Perishable food should be stored in the refrigerator. 易腐烂的食物应该储存在冰箱里。
imperishable 不朽的10. inconsistency n. 不一致adj. consistent一贯的，前后一致的adv. consistentlybe consistent with = in agreementWhat you say now is not consistent with what you said last week. 你现在说的话与你上星期说的不相符。
n. consistency 一贯性，一致性Your views lack consistency. 你的观点缺乏一致性。
11. effect—efficient—effectual—ineffectuality（无效，不灵验）12. human—humanity—inhuman（非人的，无情的）13. legion n. 大量，众多 a large numberadj. 极多，大批 very many, numerous14. malice n. 敌意，恶意 enmity, hostilitymalice towards sb.He harbored malice towards you. 他对你怀有敌意。
a look of malice 充满敌意的目光他是出于恶意这样做的。
He did it out of malice.adj. malicious 恶毒的adv. maliciously n. maliciousness15. meditate vi. 思考，考虑think deeply, considermeditate on/upon sth. 沉思，冥想meditate on one's pastmeditate doing sth. 考虑做什么n. meditationreligious meditation 宗教冥想adj. meditativemeditative mood 沉思的心情adv. meditatively16. monotonyn. 单调乏味 boredomrelieve the monotony of everyday life 缓解日常生活的单调状况adj. monotonoustedious, uninteresting, boring, dulladv. monotonously17. oblivionn. 忘却 forgettingAlcoholics often suffer from periods of oblivion. 饮酒过度的人常阵阵失去记忆力。
After his death, his works fell/sank into oblivion. 他死后，他的作品便被淡忘了。
adj. oblivious 未察觉，不注意，忘记 unawarebe oblivious of/to sth.oblivious of one's surroundings 不注意周围环境be oblivious of danger 未注意到危险18. pell-mell adv. 匆忙地，杂乱地，仓促地The children rushed pell-mell down the stairs. = in a hurry/haste孩子们乱哄哄地冲下楼去。
The books are scattered pell-mell over the floor. = in a disorder书本凌乱地散在地上。
19. remonstrate v. 抗议，抱怨 protest, complain aboutremonstrate with sb. against sth.I remonstrated with him about his rudeness. 他粗暴无礼，我给他提了意见。
remonstrate against cruelty to children 反对虐待儿童n. remonstrance20. reproach v.责备 reproach sb. for sth.She reproached him for forgetting their anniversary. 她责备他竟然忘记了他们的结婚周年纪念日。
I have nothing to reproach myself for. 我问心无愧。
n. beyond/above reproach 无可指责adj. reproachful adv. reproachfully21. stupendous adj. 极大的huge，gigantic，massiveadv. stupendously22. sycophant n. 谄媚者sycophancy n.adj. sycophantica sycophantic smileadv. sycophantically23. tangible adj. 有形的，可触知的，明确的tangible assets 有形资产tangible proof 确凿的证据n. tangibilityadv. tangibly24. torment n./v. physical or mental sufferingbe in a great torment 备受折磨To speak in front of large audience is a torment to her. 在大庭广众之下讲话对她来说是种折磨。
adj. tormenting25. verify v.证实，核对，检查n. verificationn. verity = truth 真实性，真理26. vex v. 生气，烦恼 annoyShe was vexed that I was late again.n. vexation adj. vexatious二、TextOn Getting Off to Sleep 论入睡What a bundle of contradictions is a man!a bundle of n.Ⅰ. 一束，一捆a bundle of flowers / newspaperⅡ. 大量 a bundle of sth. = a mass ofv. bundle sth. up 把——捆起来contradict 同...矛盾, 同...抵触本句翻译：人是一个多么矛盾的集合体啊！Surely, humour is the saving grace of us, for without it we should die of vexation.grace 优雅With me, nothing illustrates the contrariness of things better than the matter of sleep. If, for example, my intention is to write an essay, and I have before me ink and pens and several sheets of virgin paper, you may depend upon it that before I have gone very far I feel an overpowering desire for sleep, no matter what time of the day it is.intention 意图virgin paper 未用过的纸，白纸 blank paperoverpowering: strong 强烈的I stare at the reproachfully blank paper until sights and sounds become dim and confused, and it is only by an effort of will that I can continue at all. Even then, I proceed half-heartedly, in a kind of dream. But let me be between the sheets at a late hour, and I can do anything but sleep. Between chime（钟声） and chime of the clock Ican write essays by the score（二十）. Fascinating subjects and noble ideas come pell-mell, each with its appropriate imagery and expression. Nothing stands between me andhalf-a-dozen imperishable masterpieces but pens, ink, and paper.proceed v. go on 继续进行Ⅰ. proceed to sth. 向...进发，进入（下一个议程项目），改读[获取]学位Let's proceed to the next item on the agenda. 让我们继续下一个议程吧。