病理英语复习题

病理英语复习题病理学高级教程复习提纲Pathological test (7、8)I. A type questionDirections: Each question below contains five suggested answers. Choose the one best response to each question.1. Which one of the listed statements is the best histologic definition of an abscess?a. A circumscribed collection of neutrophils with necrotic cellular debrisb. A localizes defect that results from the sloughing of necrotic inflammatory tissue from thesurface of an organc. A localized proliferation of fibroblasts and small blood vesselsd. An aggregate of two or more activated macrophagee.The excessive secretion of mucus from a mucosal surface2. Which one of the listed statements best describes the process called chemotaxis?a.Abnormal fusion of phagosomes to primary lysosomesb.Attachment of chemicals to extracellular material to increase phagocytosisc.Dilation of blood vessels by chemotherapeutic drugsd.Movement of cells toward a certain site or sourcee.Transmigration of cells from blood vessels into tissue3. The cardinal sign of inflammation called rubor is mainly the result ofa.Decreased interstitial hydrostatic pressureb.Decreased vascular permeability of capillariesc.Increased vascular permeability of venulesd.Vasoconstriction of muscular arteriese.Vasodilation of arterioles4. During the early stages of the inflammatory response, histamine-induced increased vascularpermeability is most likely to occur ina.Arteriesb.Precapillary arteriolesc.Capillariesd.Postcapillary venulese.Veins (answer: d)5. During acute inflammation, histamine-induced increased vascular permeability causes the formationof exudates (inflammatory edema). Which one of the listed cell types is the most likely source of the histamine ?a.Endothelial cellsb.Fibroblastsc.Lymphocytesd.Mast cellse.Neutrophils6. Histologic sections of lung tissue from a 68-year-old female with congestive heart failure andprogressive breathing problems reveal numerous hemosiderin-laden cells within the alveoli. Theses “heart failure cells” originate from alveolara.Endothelial cellsb.Eosinophilsc.Lymphocytesd.Macrophagese.Pneumocytes7. By definition, granulomas are composed ofa.Chronic abscessb.Collagenc.Endothelial cells and fibroblastsd.Macrophages or epithelioid cellse.Hemosiderin-laden macrophages8. Which one of the listed changes correctly describes the pathophysiology involved in the productionof pulmonary edema in patients with congestive heart failure?a.Decreased plasma oncotic pressureb.Endothelial damagec.Increased hydrostatic pressured.Increased vascular permeabilitye.Lymphatic obstruction (answer: c)9. A postmortem clot is most likely toa.Grossly display features of recanalizationb.Grossly have lines of Zahnc.Grossly have the appearance of “chicken fat” overlying ‘currant jelly”d.Microscopically appear attached to the wall of the blood vessele.Microscopically have alternating layers of cells and platelets10. What is the most common site of origin of thrombotic pulmonary emboli?a.Deep leg veinsb.Lumen of left ventriclec.Lumen of right ventricled.Mesenteric veinse.Superficial leg veins11. The most serious common complication of lower extremity thrombophlebitis isa.Cerebral infarctionb.Kidney infarctionc.Myocardial infarctiond.Pulmonary infarctione.Intestinal infarction12. What is the most common cause of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease?a.Pneumoconiosisb.Pneumoniac.Intestitial lung diseasesd.Chronic bronchitise.Pulmonary tuberculosis13. Of the tumors of the liver listed below, which is the most common?a.Hepatocellular carcinomab.Angiosarcomac.Cholangiocarcinomad.Hamartomae.Hemangioma14. Which of the following is the most common type of breast carcinoma?a.Intraductalb.Medullaryc.Papillaryd.Mucinouse.Infiltrating ductal15. Fluid that collects during acute inflammation and that has a protein content in excess of 3.0g/dland a specific gravity over 1.015 is termeda.Exudateb.Transudatec.Coagulationd.Lymphokinee. Hemorrhage16. The most important prognostic factor for human cancer is thea.Gradeb.Stagec.Lymphocytic infiltrationd.Vascular invasione.Mitotic index17. The classic lesion of rheumatic heart disease isa.Mallory’s bodyb.Aschoff bodyc.Psammoma bodyd.Negri bodye.Anitschkow’s myocyte18. Which of the following infections is often the cause of interstitial pneumonia?a.Gram-positive bacterialb.Gram-negative bacterialc.Virald.Fungale.Parasitic19. Gastric carcinoma is most common in which one of the listed site locationsa.pyloric antrumb.pyloric antrum and lesser curvaturec.lesser curvatured.greater curvaturee.fundue20. Which of the flowing sites is the most common of chronic gastric ulcer?a. pyloric antrumb.pyloric antrum and lesser curvaturec.lesser curvatured.greater curvaturee. fundue21. Which one of the listed is the most common complication of chronic peptic ulcer?a.hemorrhageb.perforationc.pyloric stenosisd.malignant transformatione.hypertrophic gastritis22. The most serious complication of chronic peptic ulcer isa. hemorrhageb.perforationc.pyloric stenosisd.malignant transformatione.hypertrophic gastritis23. Which one of the listed is the most common pathological typr of early gastric carcinoma?a.protruded type, I typeb.supperficial elevated type, IIa typec.superficial flat type, IIb typed.superficial depressed type, IIc typee.excavated type, III type24. A factor that stimulates the proliferation of smooth-muscle cells and also relates to the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis isa.Platelet-derived growth factorb.Transforming growth factor βc.Interleukin 1d.Interferon αe.Tumor necrosis factor ( The answer is a )25. The most characteristic and frequent feature of chronic rheumatic heart disease is the developmentofa.Vegetations on the endocardiumb.Ashoff bodies within the myocardiumc.Fibrin deposits within the pericardiumd.Stenosis of the mitral valvee.Incompetence of the pulmonic valve26. Histological sections (routine H&E stain) of lung reveal the alveoli to be filled with pale,nongranular pink fluid. Neither leukocytes nor erythrocytes are present within this fluid. What is the most likely (i.e., most common) cause of this abnormality?a.Bacterial pneumoniab.Congestive heart failurec.Lymphatic obstruction by tumord.Pulmonary emboluse.Viral pneumonia27. The Astler-Coller modification of the Duckes classification is used to classify cancers of thea.Colonb.Liverc.Lungd.Pancrease.Stomach28. Familial polyposis coli is characterized bya.Autosomal recessive pattern of inheritanceb.Mutiple hamartomatous polyps throughout the colonc.100% risk of carcinomad.An association with fibromatosis and mutiple osteomase.An association with tumors of the central nervous system ( The answer is c )29. Which of the listed types of cells found within the liver is the major source of the excess collagendeposited in cirrhosis?a.Hepatocytesb.Kupffer cellsc.Ito cells (hepatic stellate cells )d.Endothelial cellse.Bile duct epithelial cells ( The answer is c )30. What is the most likely cause of the combination of generalized edema, hypoalbuminemiahypercholesterolemia, marked proteinuria, and fatty casts and fat bodies in the urine?a.Nephritic syndromeb.Nephrotic syndromec.Acute renal failured.Renal tubular defecte.Urinary tract infection31. Which one of the listed hepatic diseases has the greatest risk of developing into hepatocellularcarcinoma ?a. hepatic steatosis (fatty liver)b.portal cirrhosisc.postnecrotic cirrhosisd.biliary cirrhosise.congestive liver cirrhosis32. Of the lung tumors listed below, which type belongs to the APUD group of tumors?a.Hamartomab.Mucoepidermoid carcinomac.Adenoid cystic carcinomad.Bronchial carcinoide.Squamons cell carcinoma33. What is the name that is given to the hyaline masses that are often seen in the cytoplasm ofhepatocytes in patients with alcoholic hepatitis?a.Councilman bodies ( acidophilic bodies )b.Negri bodiesc.Mallory’s bodiesd.Russel’s bodiese.Residual bodies34. Lipoid nephrosis of the kidneys characteristically produces changes that may be observed byelectron microscope (EM) in which of the following renal glomerular elements?a.Endothelial cellsb.Epithelial cellsc.Mesangiumd.Blood vesselse.Basement membrane ( The answer is b )35. Which of the following tumor markers has been associated with the hepatocellular carcinoma?a.CEAb.AFPc.Prostae-specific antigend.Tyrosine enzymee.Thyroglibulin antigen36. Of the tumors listed below, which is benign tumor?a.Leukemiab.Melanomac.Teratomad.Embryonic tumor of kidneye.True aneurysm37. The most common cause of liver cirrhosis in China isa.Drug-induced hepatitisb.Toxin-induced hepatitisc.Alcoholic hepatitisd.Viral hepatitise.Autoimmune hepatitis38. Complications of lobar pneumonia include each of the following conditions EXCEPTa.Pulmonary carnificationb.Purulent pleurisyc.Pulmonary abscessd.Septic shock ( infective shock )e.Bronchiectasis39.Which one of the following definitions is correct?a.Dysplasia is achange from one type ofdifferentiated tissue to anotherb.Anaplasia is an almost complete lack of differentiationc.Carcinoma is a tumour of epithelial derivationd.Metaplasia is the disordered development of cells with loss of organizatione.Carcionma in situ is a carcinoma with stromal invasion40. Which one of the following statements is correct:?a. Adenoma is a malignant tumour of glandular epitheliumb.Sarcoma is a benigh tumour of connective tissuec.Liposarcoma is a malignant tumour of adipose tissued.Aneurysm is a benign tumour of arterye.Lymphoma is a benign tumour of lymphoid cells41.Which noe of the listed statements of common features of benign tumours is correct?a.Invasion of surrounding stromal tissueb.Cells of uniform size and appearancec.Many mitotic figuresd.Ill-defined borderse.Close resemblance to the original tissue42.Which one of the following inflammatory processes often contain granulomas EXCEPTa.Tuberculosisb.Typhoid feverc.Ulcerative colitisd.Syphilise.Rheumatic myocarditis43.Which one of the following statements about acute inflammation is correcy?a.The predominant cell type is the neutrophil polymorphb.The inflammation is usually initiated by cell-mediated immunityc.The duration may be for monthsd.Plasma cells are frequently presente.Lymphocytes are present at the start of the process44. Benign hypertension is characterized by：a．Fibrinoid necrosis of arteriolesb．Atrophy of the muscular media of the arteriesc．Fibroelastic thickening of whole arteriole wallsd．Hyaline deposition in arteriole wallse．Sudden and severe increase in blood pressure45．Mitral valve incompetence may be caused by：a．Right ventricular dilatationb．Infective endocarditisc．Bacterial myocarditisd．Chronic cor pulmonalee．Senile calcification46．Rheumatic fever：a．is due to staphylococcal infectionb．is due to a type IV hypersensitivity reactionc．is characterized by Aschoff nodules in the myocardiumd．is becoming more common in Europee．may produce concentric hypertrophy47．Which one of the following statements about pulmonary tuberculosis is correct: EXCEPT a．Is most commonly due to Mycobacterium tuberculosisb．Is caused by direct cytopathic effects of the infecting organismc．Has a positive association with silicosisd．Is a common cause of death in AIDSe．Is characterized histologically by granulomas48．Which one of the following statements about lung carcinoma is correct: EXCEPTa．Is most commonly of adenomatous differentiationb．Has a positive association with cigarette smokingc．Has a positive association with asbestos exposured．Has rarely hematogeneous metastasized to livere．Is the most common cause of death from neoplasia in the China49．Pulmonary embolism：a．may be caused by pale thromboembolismb．is rarely caused by thromboembolism from the leg veinsc．usually causes pulmonary infarctiond．rarely causes pulmonary hypertensione．may be caused by mixted thromboembolism50．Gastric carcinoma：a．is usually of squamous cell typeb．is commoner in females than malesc．occurs most commonly in the body of the stomachd．is commoner in Europe than Chinae．has a positive association with dysplasia of gastric mucosa51．Which one of the following statements about portal hypertension is correct: EXCEPT：a．may be caused by hepatic cirrhosisb．may be caused by portal vein thrombosisc．may be caused by hepatic vein thrombosisd．is not associated with ascitese．is associated with oesophageal varices52．Hepatocellular carcinoma：a．has a negative association with non-virus cirrhosisb．has a positive association with hepatitis Ac．is commoner in males than femalesd．has a median survival of 3 years following diagnosise．usually arises from bile duct epithelium53．Colorectal carcinoma：a．has a high incidence in Chinab．has a positive association with familial adenomatous polyposisc．is usually of squamous differentiationd．is graded by Dukes’systeme．is incurable if it has metastasized to the liver54．Which one of the following statements about carcinoma of the uterine cervix is correct: EXCEPT a．is usually of adenomatous differentiationb．is often preceded by cervical intraepithelial neoplasia （CIN）c．has a positive association with some serotypes of HPVd．has a positive association with cigarette smokinge．has a positive association with HIV infection55．Which one of the following statements about the human immunodeficiency virus（HIV）-1 is correct: EXCEPTa．is a DNA virusb．requires reverse transcriptase from the host cell to replicatec．binds to CD4 lymphocytesd．is associated with Pneumocytis carinii infection of lunge．is associated with toxoplasma infection of brain56. Which one of the listed lesion is tumour?a.Granulomab.Hematomac.Atheromad.Papillomae.Tuberculoma57. Of the lesions listed below, which one is in accord with the feature of malignant tumor?a.Anaplasiab.Aplasiac.Hyperplasiad.Hypoplasiae.MetaplasiaII. Term StatementAbscessAcute nephritic syndromeApoptotic bodiesAschoff bodyAtrophyAtypiaBecteremiaCarcinoma in situCarcinoma simplexCervical intraepithelial neoplasia, CIN Chronic nephritic syndromeConcentric hypertrophyCor villosumDegenerationDirect spreadDisplasia, atypical hyperplasia Dystrophic calcificationEmbolismEosinophilic abscessFatty liverFatty infiltrationFistulaGangreneGranulation tissueGranulomatous inflammationGummaHealing by first intentionHeart failure cellsHeterogeneityHyperplasia and hypertrophy Krukenberg’s tumorLeukoplakiaLipofuscinMetaplasiaMetastasisNecrosisNephritic syndromeneruonophagiaNutmeg liverOrganizationPiecemeal necrosisPipe stem cirrhosisPrecancerous lesionsPrimary complexProgressionPseudomembranous inflammation PseudolobulePulmonary brown indurationPyemiasatellitosisSepticemiaSinusSubendocardial myocardial infarction ThrombosisTransmural myocardial infarction TubercleTyphoid cell。