陶洁《美国文学选读》(第2版)课后习题详解(第17单元 20世纪美国诗人(1))【圣才出品】
陶洁《美国文学选读》(第2版)课后习题详解(第13单元 凯萨琳
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13.2课后习题详解1.What are the qualities that Granny possesses which help her live successfully? Key:Granny is very responsible for her family,and she is always ready to do what she should do,therefore,she struggles live successful for the sake of her children. She loves her children very much.Granny is also very diligent,and keeps everything in order.She is very strong-minded,and has the will to go through hardships.After she is abandoned by her lover,she still has courage to live on.She is very intelligent, and her children like asking her for advice.However,in some way,she is a little stubborn,sticking to her own opinions.Perhaps,that is also a helpful quality for her to live successfully.2.Does Granny have any weaknesses?If so,what are they?Key:Yes,Granny has some weaknesses.She,sometimes,likes complaining about something.She is a little stubborn,and cannot forget about what and who has done harm to her and she is tortured.She is a little bad-tempered and impatient. She is,in some way,not very friendly to others.She is also nostalgic and cannot accept the truth that she is already eighty years old.3.What intelligent advice and wisdom does Granny give her family?Key:Granny gives her family many intelligent advice and wisdom through her own actions.She teaches her children to be diligent,economical and strong-minded. More importantly,she lets them know that a person,especially a woman,should be independent.4.Try to reorder the events told in the story as they would have happened in real life or as they flashed through Granny’s mind.Key:Granny’s boyfriend,George didn’t show up on their wedding,thus,Granny was abandoned by him.Then,Granny was married to Jack,who died at an early age, and left children with her.She raised her children all by herself,and had good times with them until they left her and built their own families.After they left,they still came to her home to seek advice from her,even when she was very old.。
陶洁《美国文学选读》(第3版)【章节题库】-第1~7单元【圣才出品】
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第二部分章节题库第1单元本杰明·富兰克林І.Fill in the blanks.1.If we say Jonathan Edwards represents the upper levels of the American mind, _____represents the lower levels.【答案】Benjamin Franklin【解析】美国文学评论家范·威克·布鲁克斯(Van Wyck Brooks)在《美国的成年》(America’s Coming of Age)中指出乔纳森·爱德华兹和本杰明·富兰克林是美国18世纪的两位重要的哲学家,他们是不同层次思想的代表。
2.Franklin’s claim to a place in literature rests chiefly on his_____and_____.【答案】Poor Richard’s Almanac,The Autobiography【解析】富兰克林在文学上的地位主要取决于《穷查理历书》和《自传》。
3.In American literature,the eighteenth century was an Age of_____and Revolution.【答案】Reason【解析】18世纪的美国处于理性与革命时期。
这一时期的美国深受法国启蒙思想的影响,且处于独立革命时期。
4.Franklin was the epitome of the_____,the versatile,practical embodiment of national man in the18th century.【答案】Enlightenment【解析】富兰克林是启蒙思想的缩影,是18世纪理性的代表。
5.Benjamin Franklin’s best writing is found in his masterpiece_____.【答案】The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin【解析】本杰明·富兰克林文学上最大的成就体现在他的作品《本杰明·富兰克林自传》上。
陶洁《美国文学选读》(第2版)复习笔记(第20单元 田纳西
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20.1复习笔记Tennessee Williams(1911-1983)(田纳西·威廉斯)1.Life(生平)Tennessee Williams was one of the greatest American dramatists.He was born Thomas Lanier Williams but he changed“Thomas”to“Tennessee”in1939.He was born in Columbus,Mississippi,in1911.Several years later,the family moved to the University City neighborhood of St.Louis,Missouri.In1929attended the University of Missouri,and dropped out in1932because of poverty.He finally earned a degree in1938from the University of Iowa.His first play,Battle of Angels, proved to be such a fiasco that he did not surface again,until1945when The Glass Menagerie won him international recognition.After that he kept writing at the rate of every two years and enjoyed popularity all along.He was also a novelist and a poet.He wrote a novel,two volumes of poetry,and six volumes of prose,including three collections of short stories.田纳西·威廉斯是美国最伟大的剧作家之一。
陶洁《美国文学选读》课后习题详解(本杰明 富兰克林)【圣才出品】
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第1单元本杰明•富兰克林1. Why did Franklin write his Autobiography?Key: Because that when he was young, he has “never had a pleasure in obtaining any anecdotes” of his ancestors, and he held that it was a great pity because he was curious about them. So, he thought that his son would also want to know the story of him and he himself also had responsibility to share it with his son. In addition, he thought that his experiences and success would give some useful advice to his son. With such consideration in mind, Franklin wrote his autobiography.2.What made Franklin decide to leave the brother to whom he had been apprenticed?Key: The altercation between Franklin and his brother made him decide to leave. His brother considered himself as Franklin’s master and treated him harshly and tyrannically. This kind of treatment annoyed Franklin, so he decided to leave.3. How did he arrive in Philadelphia?Key: He arrived in Philadelphia with great difficulties. At the very start, he set out in a boat for Amboy, and in crossing the bay he, along with his companions, met with a squall that tore the rotten sails to pieces and drove him upon Long Island.On approaching the island, they had to drop anchor and swim out their cable towards the shore, etc. In a word, he went through many hardships on the way to Philadelphia.4. What features do you find in the style of the above selection?Key: This selection is written in the form of letters to his son. By this way, it can show the author’s honesty and frankness, which will make the reader stand close to him and actually feel and understand his emotions and experiences. Another feature is that this biography has a good narrative and reads like a story, which can arouse the readers’ reading interest and curiosity.。
陶洁《美国文学选读》(第2版)复习笔记(第4单元 纳撒尼尔
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4.1复习笔记I.Introduction to author(作者简介)Nathaniel Hawthorne(1804-1864)is a novelist.纳撒尼尔·霍桑(1804-1864)是一位小说家。
1.Life(生平)Hawthorne was born in Salem,Massachusetts.Some of his ancestors were men of prominence in the Puritan theocracy.One of his ancestors was a colonial magistrate,notorious for his part in the persecution of the Quakers,and another was a judge at the Salem Witchcraft Trial in1692.Gradually,the family fortune declined.Hawthorn was intensely conscious of the wrongdoing of his ancestors, and this awareness led to his understanding of evil being at the core of human life, so he seemed to be haunted by his sense of sin and evil in his life.霍桑出生于马萨诸塞州的萨勒姆镇,他的一些祖先是17世纪新英格兰清教神权统治中的显赫人物。
他的一位祖先是殖民地行政官,因参与迫害贵格派教徒而臭名昭著。
另一位祖先则是1692年萨勒姆审巫案的法官。
家族渐渐走向没落。
霍桑强烈地意识到他祖先的罪恶,这也让他明白了邪恶存在于人生命的核心部分,因此终其一生,他心中的罪恶感都挥之不去。
陶洁《美国文学选读》(第2版)复习笔记(第22单元 20世纪美国诗人(2))【圣才出品】
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22.1复习笔记Robert Lowell(1917-1977)(罗伯特·洛威尔)1.Life(生平)Lowell came from a distinguished New England family.This background endowed him with culture and taste in the very texture of his being,and meanwhile offered a window of opportunity for him to scrutinize and dissect the decline of his New England tradition.He was well educated at Harvard and then at Kenyon College,Ohio under the well-known New Critical poet and critic John Crowe Ranson.Lowell’s poetic career reached a height when he received a Pulitzer for his second volume,Lord Weary’s Castle in1946.In1959his Life Studies came out,at that time he had switched from the New Critical style to open form,and had inadvertently initiated a new school of verse,the Confessional School poetry.He received the National Book Award for the new book.In the late1960s he once was arrested for his part in the march on the Pentagon against the Vietnam War.洛威尔来自显赫的新英格兰家庭。
美国文学课后习题
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美国文学课后习题集团文件版本号:(M928-T898-M248-WU2669-I2896-DQ586-M1988)U n i t2E d g a r A l l a n P o e 1)Who is the narrator? What wrong does he want to redress?It is Montresor. Fortunato has given Montresor thousands of injuries that he has to bear before he has this opportunity of taking revenge.2)What is the pretext Montresor uses to lure Fortunado to hiswine cellar?He claims that he has just got a cask of Amontilado and stores it in the wine cellar before he may find a connoisseur totestify to its authenticity.3)What happens to Fortunado in the end?The deceived Fortunado is killed because of his inability of getting out of the catacomb.4)Describe briefly how Poe characterizes Mortresor andFortunado as contrasts.Poe characterizes Mortresor and Fortunado as seemingly contrasting characters chiefly by presenting their identical habit in wine and their different manners towards each other, but actually he intends to show some similarly defective aspects in their nature. The similarity in their nature is also suggested by their names as synonyms in Italian: Mortresor means “fortune” while Fortunado “treasure”. Their defectivenature is highlighted when the revenger Mortresor, who is fully prepared on psychological and operating levels, throws the hardly prepared but totally deceived wrong-doer Fortunado into the deep and damp catacomb and blocks up its entrance with huge rocks.Unit 7 19th Century American Poets1.Henry Wadsworth Longfellow(1)I Shot an Arrow…1. Why did the speaker lose sight of his arrow and song?The arrow flies too swiftly and too far away to be seen by the speaker; whereas the song is naturally invisible.2.In what circumstances did he find them again?He finds them unexpectedly years later from the trunk of a tree and the heart of a friend.3.What do arrow and song stand for in this poem?The images of arrow and song here may stand for friendship.(2) A Psalm of Life1. What kind of person is the speaker of this poem?The speaker is a man of action, always optimistic and cheerful, trying to achieve as much as possible in the short span of life.2. According to the poem, how should our lives be led to overcome the fact that each day brings us nearer to death?We should work harder and live happier.3. Interpret the metaphor of "Footprints on the sand of time" (line 28).The metaphor refers to human deeds in real life.2. Walt Whitman(1)One's Self I Sing1. What is the significance of singing about one's self?It is an exaltation of the individual spirit, which is typicalof American people.2. What is the difference between physiology and physiognomy? Physiology is a science that deals with the functions and life process of human beings, whereas physiognomy refers to an artof judging character from contours of face itself or the appearance of a person.3. What does Whitman mean by the term of "the Modern Man"?He means that a man should be free from any prejudice and pride, totally different from the traditional one, that is full of bias.(3)O Captain! My Captain!1.Why is the word "Captain" capitalized throughout the poem?In this poem the word “Captain” specially refers to Abraham Lincoln, president of the United States.2.What overall metaphor does the poet employ in this poem?Life is a journey.3.Why do people on the shores exult and bells ring, while thespeaker remains so sad?They welcome the ship returning from its hard trip, whereas the speaker is sad because the captain fails to receive his own honor.3.Emily Dickinson(1) To Make a Prairie …1. What things are needed to "make" a prairie? In what sense can one really do it?Some grass and insects and small animals. People can make a prairie with their imagination.2. How can "revery alone" create a prairie?The prairie stays in one's mind.(2) Success Is Counted Sweetest1. Why is success "counted sweetest by those who ne'er succeed"? Those who have tasted the bitterness of failure would have a keener desire for success.2. Who are "the purple host"?The so-called successful people in the world.3. Who is "he" in the last stanza?Anyone who is pursuing his success.(3) I'm Nobody!1. Who are the "pair of us" and "they" in this poem?The "pair of us" refers to the speaker in the poem and the reader, and "they" refers to the public, especially those in power.2. What does "an admiring bog" really mean?" (line 28).It Implies the vain and empty common people, who are always admiring and pursuing the celebrities.3. What is the theme of this poem?The real admirable life is a secluded and common one.4. Do you want to be "nobody" or "somebody"? Explain your reasons.Different persons would have different answers to this question. Personally, I prefer to be nobody.Unit 17 20th-Century American Poets1. Ezra PoundIn A Station of the Metro1. Why does the poet call the faces of pedestrians "apparition"? These pedestrians are all walking in a hurry amidst thedrizzling rain.2. What do "petals" and "bough" stand for?Petals refer to the faces while the bough stands for the floating crowd.2. Wallace StevensAnecdote of the Jar1. What does the jar in poem symbolize? Why does the speaker place it on top of a hill?The jar here symbolizes a certain perspective on looking atthis world. If the perspective of the viewing is creative and unique, it will change the conventional order of the old world. When a new perspective comes out, it will certainly hold attention from the rest.2. The jar is "round" and "of a port in air," meaning that it has a stately importance. What effect does it have on surroundings when placed on the ground?Maybe the round jar assumes the air of a domineering figure, which helps to form a certain order out of the disordered surrounding.3. How did the wilderness of Tennessee characterized? What words or phrases does the poet use to describe it?Tennessee seems to a place full of life and energy. “Slovenly,” “sprawl” and “wild” are some of the words used to describe the place. (See Anecdote of the Jar )3. William Carlos WilliamsWilliam Carlos Williams1. How does the first two lines differ from the other pairs of lines?Each of the last three couplets creates a visual image (“a red wheelbarrow,” “glazed with rainwater,” and “the white chickens”), whereas the first one does not.2. What is the most visually compelling word in each of the last three pairs of lines?They are “red, glazed and white”. (See EXPLANATION: “The Red Wheelbarrow” below)3. What is the meaning of "depends upon" in the first pair of lines?The opening lines set the tone for the rest of the poem. Since the poem is composed of one sentence broken up at various intervals, it is truthful to say that 'so much depends upon' each line of the poem. This is so because the form of the poem is also its meaning. This may seem confusing, but by the end of the poem the image of the wheelbarrow is seen as the actual poem, as in a painting when one sees an image of an apple, the apple represents an actual object in reality, but since it is part of a painting the apple also becomes the actual piece ofart. These lines are also important because they introduce the idea that 'so much depends upon' the wheelbarrow.SEE answer 1.4.Robert Frost(1)Fire and Ice1. What are the symbolic meanings of fire in this poem?Fire symbolizes natural disaster, human passion, as well as war.2. Why does the speaker say that ice is also great for destruction? Explain what ice stands for here.Ice, oppose to fire, is also a dreadful natural disaster inthis world, and ice is always related to indifference, coldness, hatred, and the other negative sentiments of human beings.3. What is your opinion about fire and ice? Which one is more destructive?Both fire and ice can destroy this beautiful world if they are beyond control of human beings. Therefore we should be open-minded and reduce our prejudice and pride so as to keep this world in peace.(2)Stopping By Woods On a Snowy Evening1. In your opinion, what was the reason that made the speaker stop by the woods on a snowy evening?The poet was deeply attracted by the natural beauty of thescene at that very moment.2. Why did the horse give the harness bell a shake?The horse grew impatient by stopping in the middle of the dark, cold woods at midnight. It was eager to go home.3. Why couldn't the speaker stay longer by the woods to appreciate its mysterious beauty?He realized that it was late at night and he would have tohurry home to get some food and sleep, because the next morning he would have a lot of work to do.4. What is the effect of repetition in the last two lines?The refrain-like repetition in the last two lines reminds the reader a simple fact of life: whatever happens, one must go forward in the journey of his or her life.(3) The Road Not Taken1. What is the speaker's initial response to the divergence of the two roads?The speaker is at a loss which road he should choose, and he feels sorry that he cannot explore both roads at the same time. 2. Describe the similarities and differences of these two roads. Which one does the speaker take?Two roads are similar except one of t hem is more “grassy,” which implies that it is less traveled by people. The speaker prefers the less traveled one, because he likes adventure.3. What might the two roads stand for in the speaker's mind? One road stands for the traditional one and the other is unconventional one and full of challenges and difficulties. To follow other people's footsteps or to open a new road for himself is really not an easy decision for us to make in our lives.5. Langston Hughes(1)Dreams1. Why must we stick to our dreams?If God is not the first move in our life, surely our dreams are the same.2. What images does the poet employ to describe the life once we lose our dreams?Without dreams our life will be a broken bird and a barren field. I think without dream our life will be a grand ship drifting on the vast ocean, never knowing its destination.(2)Me And The Mule1. Why does the speaker identify himself with the mule?They share a lot in their life: hard-working and full of strength, submissiveness and kindness and honesty.2. What figure of speech does the poet employ in describing the mule?Personification.。
陶洁《美国文学选读》笔记和课后习题(含考研真题)详解(本杰明 富兰克林)【圣才出品】
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第1单元本杰明•富兰克林1.1 复习笔记I. Introduction to author(作者简介)Benjamin Franklin (1706—1790) was a rare genius in human history. He became everything: a printer, postmaster, almanac maker, essayist, scientist, inventor, orator, statesman, philosopher, political economist, ambassador, —“Jack of all trades.”本杰明·富兰克林(1706—1790)是人类历史上少有的天才。
他是出版家、邮政总长、历书作者、散文家、科学家、发明家、演说家、政治家、哲学家、政治经济学家、大使等等。
1. Life(生平)He was born into a poor family. He was a voracious reader. At 16 he published essays under the pseudonym Silence Dogood. At 17 he ran away to Philadelphia to make his own fortune. He became a printer. He helped found the Pennsylvania Hospital, an academy which led to the University of Pennsylvania, and the American Philosophical Society. He was a preeminent scientist of his day. He signed the Declaration of Independence. He was one of the makers of the new nation.富兰克林出生于一个贫穷的家庭。
陶洁《美国文学选读》笔记和课后习题(含考研真题)详解(斯蒂芬克莱恩)【圣才出品】
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陶洁《美国⽂学选读》笔记和课后习题(含考研真题)详解(斯蒂芬克莱恩)【圣才出品】第10单元斯蒂芬?克莱恩10.1 复习笔记I. Introduction to author(作者简介)1. Life(⽣平)Stephen Crane was an American novelist, short story writer, poet and journalist. Prolific throughout his short life, he wrote notable works in the Realist tradition as well as early examples of American Naturalism and Impressionism. He is recognized by modern critics as one of the most innovative writers of his generation.斯蒂芬·克莱恩是美国⼩说家、短篇⼩说家、诗⼈、记者。
他在短暂的⼀⽣中著作颇丰,在现实主义传统下写了许多著名作品,也成为美国⾃然主义和印象主义的早期范例。
他被当代批评家认为是同时代最具有创意的作家。
2. Major Works(主要作品)Maggie: A Girl of the Street (1893) 《街头⼥郎麦姬》The Red Badge of Courage (1895) 《红⾊英勇勋章》“The Open Boat” (1897) 《海上扁⾈》The Bride Comes to Yellow Sky (1898)《新娘来到黄天镇》The Blue Hotel (1898) 《蓝⾊旅店》Ⅱ. Selected works(选读作品)◆The Open Boat《海上扁⾈》This story is based on Crane’s personal experiences. While traveling to Cuba to work as a newspaper correspondent during the Cuban insurrection against Spain, Crane was stranded at sea after his ship the Commodore sank off the coast of Florida. Stephen Crane and three others endured the rage of the sea for thirty hours. Billy Higgins a friend of Cranes drowned while swimming to shore. This realistic story of their life-threatening ordeal captures the emotions of four men in a fight against nature.Th e most significant aspect of this struggle lies in the men’s attempts to help one another survive when they are confronted with danger and disaster.故事取材于克莱恩真实的个⼈经历。
陶洁《美国文学选读》(第2版)笔记和课后习题详解-第1~13单元【圣才出品】
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第1单元本杰明•富兰克林1.1 复习笔记I. Introduction to author(作者简介)Benjamin Franklin (1706-1790) was a rare genius in human history. He became everything: a printer, postmaster, almanac maker, essayist, scientist, inventor, orator, statesman, philosopher, political economist, ambassador,—“Jack of all trades.”富兰克林是人类历史上少有的天才。
他是出版家、邮政总长、历书作者、散文家、科学家、发明家、演说家、政治家、哲学家、政治经济学家、大使、业务员等等。
1. Life(生平)He was born into a poor family. He was a voracious reader. At 16 he published essays under the pseudonym Silence Do good. At 17 he ran away to Philadelphia to make his own fortune. He became a printer. He helped found the Pennsylvania Hospital, an academy which led to the University of Pennsylvania, and the American Philosophical Society. He was a preeminent scientist of his day. He signed the Declaration of Independence. He was one of the makers of the new nation.富兰克林出生于一个贫穷的家庭。
陶洁《美国文学选读》(第2版)课后习题详解(第16单元 厄内斯特
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第16单元厄内斯特•海明威16.1复习笔记Ernest Hemingway(1899-1961)(厄内斯特·海明威)1.Life(生平)Hemingway was born in Oak park,Illinois.His father was a physician and his mother was a music teacher.He had on the whole a happy boyhood.After leaving school at17,he tried to enlist in the army but was rejected because of his injured eye.He went to the Kansas City Star and served as its reporter.Then he was recruited as an ambulance driver working with the Red Cross and went to Europe. This led to the crucial happening of his life.His war experience proved so shattering and nightmarish that his life and writings were permanently affected.Hemingway was a myth in his own time and a myth in American literature.He was a glamorous public hero of sorts whose style of writing and living was probably more imitated than any other writers in human memory.His public image was one of a tough guy.He won the Nobel Prize in Literature in1954.In his later years he often behaved in an odd manner and looked much older than his years.Possibly because he could not write any more,or possibly because he could not act out his code,or because of both and his ill health,he shot himself on July2,1961.The world was shocked into the disconcerting awareness that,withhis death,an era had come to an end.海明威出生于伊利诺州的奥克帕克。
陶洁《美国文学选读》(第2版)课后习题详解(第19单元 埃
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19.2课后习题详解1.Why did the narrator go back to the lake?Key:Because when he was young,his father took the family to the lake and there they enjoyed themselves very much.This experience left good memories on the narrator’s mind,and he thought that there was no place in the world can compare with the lake.He has since become a salt-water man,and when sometimes he was disturbed by the restlessness of the tides and the fearful cold of the sea water and the incessant wind,he wish for the placidity of a lake in the woods.So,he decided to go back to the lake with his son.2.What are the things he found similar to those of the old days?Key:He found many things similar to those of the old days.He felt the same damp moss covering the worms in the bait can,and saw the same dragonfly alight on the top of his rob.The small waves were the same,and the boat was the same boat with the same color green and the ribs broken in the same places,and under the floorboards the same fresh-water leavings and debris—the dead helgramite,the wisps of moss,the rusty discarded fishhook,the dried blood from yesterday’s catch.He saw the same person with the cake of soap.The waitresses were the same country girls.He could also feel the same feelings,peace and goodness and jollity.When he went to the store,he found the things were in the same place—the minnows in a bottle,the plugs and the spinners and pawed over by the youngsters from the boy’s camp,the Fig Newtons and the Beeman’s gum.To him,by seeing these,it seemed that time has not filed in this place.3.What are the differences?Key:There were many differences.There appeared the tar,which led to within half a mile of the shore.Up to the farmhouse to dinner through the field,the road became a two-track road,and the middle track was missing.The waitresses’hair had been washed,which was different from the past.For the narrator,arriving was less exciting nowadays than before.The narrator could feel peaceful,good and joyful as before,but there was something wrong,that is,the peace was broken by the sound of the outboard motors.And in the store,there was more Coca-Cola and not so much Moxie and root beer and birch beer and sarsaparilla.。
美国文学选读考研教材练习题库
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美国文学选读考研教材练习题库陶洁《美国文学选读》(第3版)配套题库【考研真题精选+章节题库】目录第一部分考研真题精选一、填空题二、单选题三、名词解释四、作品分析题五、问答题第二部分章节题库第1单元本杰明·富兰克林第2单元埃德加·爱伦·坡第3单元拉尔夫·华尔多·爱默生第4单元纳撒尼尔·霍桑第5单元赫尔曼·梅尔维尔第6单元亨利·大卫·梭罗第7单元19世纪美国诗人第8单元马克·吐温第9单元亨利·詹姆斯第10单元斯蒂芬·克莱恩第11单元薇拉·凯瑟第12单元舍伍德·安德森第13单元凯萨琳·安·波特第14单元弗·斯科特·菲茨杰拉德第15单元威廉姆·福克纳第16单元厄内斯特·海明威第17单元20世纪美国诗人(1)第18单元尤金·格拉斯通·奥尼尔第19单元埃·布·怀特第20单元田纳西·威廉斯第21单元拉尔夫·华尔多·埃利森第22单元20世纪美国诗人(2)第23单元阿瑟·米勒第24单元索尔·贝娄第25单元约瑟夫·海勒第26单元托尼·莫里森第27单元路易丝·厄德里克•试看部分内容考研真题精选一、填空题1. In his autobiography, _____creates the image of a self-made man and demonstrates his belief that the new world of America was a la nd of _____which might be met through hard work and wise manag ement.[天津外国语学院2011研]【答案】Benjamin Franklin, opportunities查看答案【解析】富兰克林是美国启蒙时期与独立战争时期的代表人物。
陶洁《美国文学选读》课后习题详解(19世纪美国诗人)【圣才出品】
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第7单元19世纪美国诗人“I Shot an Arrow”1. Why did the speaker lose sight of his arrow and song?Key: Because that the arrow flew so swiftly and the song was invisible and no one had so knee and strong sight to catch them, he lost sight of his arrow and song.2. In what circumstances did he find them again?Key: After a long, long time, he found the arrow still unbroken in an oak, and the song, from beginning to end, in the heart of a friend. They were both well-preserved after a very long time.3. What do arrow and song stand for in this poem?Key: Arrow and song stand for friendship, affections and true sentiments towards friends in this poem.“A Psalm of Life”1. What kind of person is the speaker of this poem?Key: The speaker of the poem is an optimistic person. He loves life and is enthusiastic about life. He is encouraging and invigorative. He encourages those who encountered hardships and were suffering. He is also a doer who always actsrather than yearns for future and makes plan for it. He knows that a person should “be up and doing, with a heart for any fate” and keep achieving and pursuing, and learning to labor and wait.2. According to the poem, how should our lives be led to overcome the fact that each day brings us nearer to death?Key: According the poem, “life is real, life is earnest! And the grave is not its goal.” Although we go towards death every day, it is not our destination, for the aim of life of ours is to pursue, achieve and improve ourselves. That is, “but to act, that each tomorrow / Find us farther than today.” So, we should“Be a hero in the strife” and “act in the living present!”3. Interpret the metaphor of “Footprints on the sand of time” (line 28).Key: “The sand of time”refers to the lifetime of a man. If a man has done nothing and achieved nothing, his whole life would be empty and worthless. There was no any “footprints”. “Footprints on the sand of time” refers a person’s traces of struggle and his ac hievement recognized by others.“Sonnet-To Science”1. What kind of image does science have in this poem?Key: According to the poem, science is “the daughter of Old Time” and changes all things with its “peering eyes”. It becomes formidable adversary toimagination and poetry, because it stops the poets’ wandering in the jeweled shies.2. According to Poe, what will a poet do, if he is free from the bondage of science? Key: If a poet is free from the bondage of science, he will wander in the jeweled skies to seek treasure, that is, writing materials, for his poems, and have the summer dream beneath the tamarind tree so as to send his imaginations fly.3. What might science deprive the speaker of?Key: Science might deprive the speaker of “wandering” and “the summer dream beneath the tamarind tree”, because science, like a vulture, preys “upon the poet’s heart” and it also ruins many beautiful legends. Science explains everything in a scientific way, leaving poets no place to imagine and wander. In the end, the speaker even cannot dream under the tamarind tree.“To Helen”1. Why does the poet compare Helen’s beauty to “those Nicean barks of yore”? Key: Because the poet thinks that Helen is a classical beauty and “those Nicean barks of yore” implies the same kind of beauty, which is gentle, dreamy and heart-shaking.2. What have brought the wayfaring speaker home?Key: Helen’s “hyacinth hair, classic face and Naiad airs” have brou ght the wayfaring speaker home.3. In what form does Helen appear in the final stanza? Why does she carry a lamp in her hands?Key: She stands “in yon brillia nt window-niche” like a statue.Because now, she appears in the incarnation of Psyche, who was very curious about his husband and carried a lamp to see him. And here, the poet reproduces the classic scene of the mythology so as to make Helen mysterious.One’s Self I Sing1. What is th e significance of singing about one’s, self?Key: Singing about one’s self is celebrating human beings’ individual spirit, which is typical of American people. This exaltation puts mankind at the first place and increases their confidence and self-esteem.2. What is the difference between physiology and physiognomy?Key: Physiology is a science that deals with the functions and life process of human beings, whereas physiognomy refers to an art of judging character from contours of face itself or the appearance of a person.3. What does Whitman mean by the term of “the Modern Man”?Key: He means that “the Modern Man” should be free from any prejudice and pride, totally different from the traditional one who is full of bias. The life of “the Modern Man” is full of passion, pulse and power, and people’s action are cheerful and freest under the divine laws.“O Captain! My Captain!”1. Why is the word “Captain” capitalized throughout the poem?Key: Because, in this poem, the word “Captain” especially refers to Abraham Lincoln, president of the United States.2. What overall metaphor does the poet employ in this poem?Key: The poet compares America to be the ship on the sea, and the sea symbolizes the Civil War of America. President, Abraham Lincoln, is compared to be the “Captain”, who is killed just before the victory.3. Why do people on the shores exult and bells ring while the speaker remains so sad?Key: Because people on the shore welcome the ship returning from its hard trip, whereas the speaker is sad because the captain fails to receive his own honor.“To Make a Prairie”1. What things are needed to “make” a prairie? In what sense can one really do it?Key: It needs grass and insects. One can really do it by imagination.2. How can “revery alone” create a prairie?Key: By imagination, everything on a prairie can come into our mind, and thus, we can create a prairie.“Success Is Counted Sweetest”1. W hy is success “counted sweetest by those who never succeed”?Key: Because those who never succeed have a strong desire to succeed and they think that being successful is the most meaningful and worthy thing that they pursue. For them, success is the most attractive goal and is counted sweetest.2. Who are “the purple host”?Key: “The purple host” refers to those so-called successful people in the world.3. Who is “he” in the last stanza?Key: “He” refers to anyo ne who is pursuing his success.“I’m Nobody!”1. Who are the “pair of us” and “they” in this poem?Key: The “pair of us” refers to the speaker in the poem and the reader. “They” refers to the public, especially those in power.。
陶洁《美国文学选读》课后习题详解(埃德加 爱伦 坡)【圣才出品】
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第2单元埃德加•爱伦•坡1. Who is the narrator? What wrong does he want to redress?Key: Montresor is the narrator. He had borne thousands of injuries of Fortunato as best he could, and he decides to take revenge on him. He must not only punish Fortunato but with impunity.2. What is the pretext he uses to lure Fortunato to his wine cellar?Key: He said to Fortunato that he got a pipe of Amontillado, and he was doubt about it, so he wanted someone to make sure for him. At the same time, he deliberately showed his doubts about Fortunato’s connoisseurship in wine and cared about his health, whi ch firmed Fortunato’s decision to go with him to his wine cellar.3. What happens to Fortunato in the end?Key: He was locked in the cellar by Montresor, and can only wait for death.4. Describe briefly how Poe characterizes Montresor and Forcunato as contrasts? Key: Poe characterizes the two characters with striking contrasts between them in many aspects. Firstly, their names are endowed with opposite symbolic meanings: Montresor symbolizes “monstrous”, while Fortunato symbolizes “fortunate”.Montresor is the devil in the story, and Fortunato is fortunate through his life and makes great fortune, but finally, he ends in a very unfortunate way, which is very ironical. Secondly, their clothes are very different: Fotrtunato “wore motley”, while Montresor put on “a mask of black silk” and drew “a roquelaire” closely about his person. Last, their psychological activities and consciousness are in contrast: Montresor knows clearly what is going on and what will happen, while Fortunato is always kept in the dark till the end.。
陶洁《美国文学选读》(第2版)课后习题详解(第3单元 拉尔夫
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3.2课后习题详解1.What is the author’s attitude towards charity?Why does he hold such an attitude?Key:The author thinks that not all charity is good,especially when malice and vanity wear the coat of philanthropy.And it is not his obligation to give money to the poor. What’s more,he feels shameful when sometimes he succumbs and gives the dollar,and it is a wicked dollar.He objects to the charity.Because he thinks that people’s good actions,such as doing charity,are done as an apology or extenuation of their living in the world.However,he holds that people should not wish to expiate,but to live.2.According to the author,what do most people believe to be virtue?And what is real virtue?Key:Most people believe that virtues are rather the exception than the rule,and they are penances.The real virtue is the rule that people must do what concerns them rather than what the people think.3.Why does the author dislike“consistency”?Do you agree with him?Do you think that people should give up consistency?Key:Because that consistency scares us from self-trust,and makes us less confident. It also makes us have a reverence for our past act or word because the eyes of others have no other data for computing our orbit than our past acts,and we are loath to disappoint them.What’s more,a foolish consistency is the hobgoblin of little minds,adored by little statesmen and philosophers and divines.And with consistency a great soul has simply nothing to do.It will ruin a man’s creativity.I cannot totally agree with him.Although I confess that there are some positive meanings in his proposal,I cannot neglect the positive aspects of consistency. Because that we sometimes need consistency to restrict people’s behaviors.For example,nature has its own law that we must follow,or we will violate the order of it.In my mind,whether people should give up consistency or not depends on the specific situation.That is,Keeping it firmly or giving it up is not wise choice.We should treat it case-by-case.4.What is the agreement of one’s actions?Why is it important for people? Key:The agreement of one’s actions is that the actions will be harmonious,no matter how unlike they seem.Because only with this agreement,can people be each honest and natural in their hour.Conformity explains nothing,and people’s genuine action will explainitself and their other genuine actions.So,it is important for people.。
陶洁《美国文学选读》课后习题详解(田纳西 威廉斯)【圣才出品】
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第20单元田纳西•威廉斯1. What does the title of the play stand for?Key: The title of the play stands for the characters’ strong desires for wealth, passion, love and vanity, especially of Blanche and Stanley. At the beginning of the play, Blanche took the streetcar named Desire to her sister’s home, which suggests that she was on the way to destruction and death with her strong desires. The title foreshadows the tragic ending of the characters.2. What is Stanley and Stella’s neighborhood like?Key: They live in a two-story building on a street in New Orleans which runs between the L&N tracks and the river. This place is poor but has a raffish charm. The houses are mostly white frame, weathered grey, with rickety outside stairs and galleries and quaintly ornamented gables.3. What is Belle Reve?Key: Belle Reve is the plantation on which Blanche’s family used to live. But, finally it declines and is sold to others by Blanche.4. What does Stanley know about Blanche’s past?Key: Stanley knows that Blanche lied to Mitch that she was pure, but in fact, she isnot. She once stayed in Flamingo after she left Belle Reve, and she was chucked out from it because of her disrepute. She was very flighty and did not take love and relationships seriously. She had an affair with her student and was fired by the school.。
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17.2课后习题详解Ezra Pound“In a Station of the Metro”1.Why does the poet call the faces of pedestrians“apparition”?Key:Because the faces of pedestrians are moving quickly and appear not very clearly,just like the ghosts in darkness,which are lifeless and fearful.The word “apparition”exactly captures the immediate impression left on the poet’s mind and the powerful feelings that he felt about this sight.2.What do“petals”and“bough”stand for?Key:“Petals”stands for the lovely faces of women and children,which are beautiful and joyful.“Bough”stands for the metro,which is wet and dark.Wallace Stevens“Anecdote of the Jar”1.What does the jar in the poem symbolize?Why does the speaker place it on top of a hill?Key:The jar in the poem symbolizes artistic imagination that has power to make thechaos in order.The speaker place the jar on top of a hill for the reason that he wants to put the slovenly wilderness into order.That is,the poet wants to use artistic imagination to make the wilderness alive and energetic.2.The jar is“round”and“of a port in air,”meaning that it has a stately importance.What effect does it have on surroundings when placed on the ground?Key:When placed on the ground,the jar becomes the center and dominator of surroundings and makes the wilderness into order.The wilderness becomes lively and full of life.3.How is the wilderness of Tennessee characterized?What words or phrases does the poet use to describe it?Key:Before placing the jar,the wilderness of Tennessee is“slovenly”,while after placing the jar,it becomes alive and full of energies and with good order.The poet uses“rose up to it”,“sprawled around”,“no longer wild”etc.to describe it.William Carlos Williams“The Red Wheelbarrow”1.How does the first two lines differ from the other pairs of lines?Key:The first two lines have no subject or image in it and it depends on the reader’s imagination to figure out what the poet wants to indicate.These two lines set the tone for the rest of the poem.Since the poem is composed of one sentence broken up at various intervals,it is truthful to say that“so much depends upon”each line of the poem.So,the form of the poem is also its meaning.2.What is the most visually compelling word in each of the last three pairs of lines? Key:“Red”,“glazed”,and“white”are the most visually compelling words in each of the last three pairs of lines respectively.These vivid color terms form striking contrasts between objects:the red barrow contrasts with the white chickens;the motional contrasts with the motionless;the living contrasts with the lifeless;the human world contrasts with the animal world.3.What is the meaning of“depends upon”in the first pair of lines?Key:“Depends on”means“relies on”.On a superficial level,it means that there are many works on a farm that the red wheelbarrow should do.It is often heavily loaded by its owner.On a deeper level,it means that the concise and short lines bear so much meanings of the poem.“Spring and All”1.What things are described in the poem as“cold,”“dead,”and“lifeless”? Key:The wind is described as“cold”;the leaves are described as“dead”,and the vines are described as“lifeless”.2.Which aspect of spring does the poem emphasize?Key:The poem emphasizes that the spring breeds new life and hopes.Although at the beginning of spring,nature is still full of cold wind,dead leaves and lifeless vines,there are some new lives breaking through the earth and sending out vitalities,giving us sweet hope for future.3.How does the poet suggest that the beginning of life is not an easy process? Key:The poet suggests that the beginning of life is not an easy process by expounding the growth of life in a very harsh environment.That is,the new life begins at the transitional point of the leaving of winter and the coming of spring. They have to go through the cold wind and low temperate.Their growth process is not an easy one.Robert Frost“Fire and Ice”1.What are the symbolic meanings of fire in this poem?Key:Fire in this poem symbolizes strong desires,passion and extreme enthusiasm that push people to do some unreasonable things,leading to disasters.2.Why does the speaker say that ice is also great for destruction?Explain what ice stands for here.Key:Ice stands for hatred,coldness and indifference of people that can destroy human being as well.These are negative emotions and feelings and they will cause disasters for humankind if they go to extreme and out of control.3.What is your opinion about fire and ice?Which one is more destructive?Key:(答案合情合理即可)I think both fire and ice are very destructive if they are out of control of people.Strong desires and extreme hatred can push people to take irrational actions and doing crazy things that will do harm to others or society,even the whole world.“Stopping by Woods on a Snowing Evening”1.In your opinion,what was the reason that made the speaker stop by the woodson a snowy evening?Key:The reason is that the woods on the snowing evening are so beautiful and attractive that the speaker unconsciously stops to enjoy the pleasant scenery.2.Why did the horse give the harness bell a shake?Key:Because the horse does not understand why his master stops there,and as if it wants to remind him that they should go on their journey.3.Why couldn’t the speaker stay longer by the woods to appreciate its mysterious beauty?Key:Because he still has“miles to go”.That is,the speaker has many responsibilities and he should perform them immediately,so he should not stay longer by the woods.4.What is the effect of repetition in the last two lines?Key:The repetition in the last lines stresses the sense of responsibility of the speaker. It indicates that the responsibility and duty of the poet are very important and there should be no delay of his journey.It also shows the speaker’s determination。