英语语法完成时篇
高中英语语法之现在完成时详细
现在完成时1.表示过去发生的或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。
表示一件事已经发生，这事往往与现在有联系。
I’ve lost my key.(因此无法进屋)I’ve got a letter from my aunt.(因此知道她的近况)My wife has just bought a beautiful dress from one of the shops there.2.常和just，already,yet,recently,ever,never,这类副词连用。
（现在完成时常和不确定的时间副词连用，如：already,often,never,ever,always,yet,not…yet,before,once(一次)，twice,数词+times,so far,by now,up to now,till now等，有时也可以和包含“现在”概念的时间状语连用，如：recently,now,today,this +时间名词等）He’s just left.---Has he phoned you yet?---No,not yet.Have you ever talked to him about it ?Have you seen Peter recently?I have never broken my word.Everything has already been used up.already 用于肯定句，可放在助动词之后、过去分词之前，也可放在句末；yet用在疑问句中意为“已经”，用在否定句中表示“还”，常放在句末；ever意为“曾经”，用于疑问句或否定句中，放在助动词与过去分词之间；never意为“从来都没有”，常和before连用，多放在助动词与过去分词之间。
Eg.I have never traveled by plane before.before意为“以前”，指过去不确定的某个时间，总是放在句末，不受句型的限制。
英语语法教学 现在完成时复习
简析：现在完成时的时间状语常有如下 四类：
⑴ 现在完成时常与already（已经），just （刚 刚，正好），ever（曾经），never （从来，也不；从不），before（以前）， yet（仍然）等连用。
⑵现在完成时常与recently（近来）， so far（到目前为止），in the past/“last + 一段时间”等时间状语连 用。因为上述短语表示的是从现在起往 前推算的一段时间，句中的动作是从过 去某一时间或时刻开始持续到现在的。
１. have/has been to表示“过去曾去过 某地”，但现在已经回来了。
２. have/has gone to表示“已去了某 地”，现在还没有回来。
３. have/has been in 表示“已在某地 （呆了多久）”，如果是小地方用at代替in。
四、中考考点：
考点一：考查基本概念
例如： Both his parents look sad .
am/is-was-been
are-were-been
begin-began-begun break-broke-broken
do-did-done
draw-drew-drawn
drink-drank-drunk drive-drove-driven
eat-ate-eaten
fall-fell-fallen
⑶现在完成时时常与“for +时间段或 since +过去时间点”连用（含从句，从句 过去时）。
⑷现在完成时还与once（一次）， twice（两次），three times（三次）， several times（几次）等表示重复次数的 词语连用。
考点三：考查与一般过去时的区别
初中英语语法——完成时【中考适用】
初中英语语法——完成时【中考适用】(一）现在完成时1．表示到目前为止已经完成的动作，强调该行为对现在造成的影响，常与already, yet, before, ever, never, just 等副词连用。
1)A: Have you got your air-tickets yet?A: 你拿到机票了吗？B: Yes, I’ve already got mine. / Not yet.B: 是的，我已经那到了我的票了。
/ 还没呢。
2)A: Have you ever been on a helicopter ? (ever, never, before 可表示一种经历)A: 你曾坐过直升机吗？B: Yes, I’ve just been on a helicopter. / No, I’ve never been on a helicopter.B: 是的，我刚乘坐过直升机。
不，我从未乘坐过直升机。
3)It’s the most beautiful building I’ve ever seen. (现在完成时ever +最高级)这是我所见过的最漂亮的建筑。
She has never had a worse toothache.( 现在完成时never+比较级)她从未有过比这更糟糕的牙痛。
4)I have never used a digital camera before. Can you teach me how to use it ?我以前未用过数码相机。
你能教我如何用它吗？类比训练：选择最佳答案：1) A: Have Dave and Karen packed their suitcases ________ ?B: Yes, they’ve ________ finished. Look! They are taking the suitcases downstairs.A) already… already B) already… justC) yet….already D) yet… just答案：D。
现在完成时语法讲解
2 纠正
正确使用have/has。
4 纠正
确保使用正确的时间状语或标志词。
现在完成时的练习和例句
1
练习
用现在完成时描述你今天早上做了
例句
2
什么。
我已经完成了今天的英语作业。
3
练习
用现在完成时描述你上个月去了哪
例句
4
些地方。
我已经去了巴西和墨西哥。
现在完成时语法讲解
现在完成时是描述过去发生的事情对现在造成影响的动作。在英语中，一般 使用have/has + 过去分词来构成。
现在完成时的结构和句型
ห้องสมุดไป่ตู้
结构
have/has + 过去分词
例句
我已经写完了这篇文章。
一般情况下的使用
用于描述对现在有影响的过去的动作。
注意
只有动词的过去分词变化，而have/has不 变。
现在完成时的时间状语和标志词
时间状语
一般不用具体过去的时间描 述，而用类似“这个月”“最近” 等表达。
标志词
通常使用“已经”“刚刚”等词 汇。
特殊情况
如果描述的动作已经发生在 具体的过去时间，需要使用 类似于“since”“for”等词汇来 表示。
现在完成时的肯定句和否定句
肯定句 否定句 例句
S + have/has + 过去分词 S + have/has + not + 过去分词 我已经完成了作业。/我还没有完成作业。
现在完成时的疑问句和回答
疑问句
Have/Has + S + 过去分词 + 其他？
回答
• 肯定回答：Yes, S have/has. • 否定回答：No, S have/has not.
初中英语语法 现在完成时
初中英语语法现在完成时初中英语语法现在完成时1、现在完成时的构成：现在完成时是由“助动词have/has+动词过去分词”构成的。
①助动词have/has可以与主语缩写为’ve/’s。
e.g. I have → I’ve We have → We’ve He has → He’s It has → It’s②规则变化的过去分词与动词过去式一样。
③不规则变化的动词过去分词见表。
2、现在完成时的基本句型。
①陈述句肯定形式。
e.g. I have had lunch. 我已经吃过午饭了。
He has gone to Beijing. 他去北京了。
②陈述句否定形式。
(在助动词have/has后+not，可缩写为haven’t/hasn’t)e.g. I haven’t had lunch. 我还未吃午饭。
He hasn’t gone to Beijing. 他还没有去北京。
③一般疑问句形式及其答语。
(将助动词have/has提前，答语一般用have, has回答)e.g. Have you had lunch? 你吃过午饭了没? Yes, I have. No, I haven’t.Has he gone to Beijing? 他去过北京了没有? Yes, he has. No, he hasn’t.否定回答还可以用：No, not yet. / No, never. / No, not even once等。
④特殊疑问句形式。
(疑问词+一般疑问句)e.g. Where has he gone? 他去了哪里?3、现在完成时的三个基本用法。
(1) 现在完成时的第一个基本用法表示过去发生或已完成的某一个动作对现在造成的影响或结果。
e.g. Have you had lunch? Yes, I have. I’ve just had it. 你吃过午饭没?有，吃过了，我刚刚吃的。
(影响及结果：我现在饱了，不需要了)He has gone to Beijing. 他已经去北京了。
中职英语语法：现在完成时
现在完成时(Present perfect)一、现在完成时定义1.过去发生并且已经完成的动作对现在造成影响或后果。
2.过去某一时间开始并一直持续到现在并且有可能还会持续的动作或状态。
二、现在完成时的结构have/has done动词的过去分词变化规则1.+ed work,plant,call2.e+d live,change,like,love,agree,save,hate,move,arrive,,skate, hope,use3.以重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母的双写＋ed.如：plan,stop, drop,fit(适合),prefer(更喜欢),travel4.以辅音字母＋y，结尾，变y为i＋edtry,study,carry,hurry,cry,worry,copy5.不规则变化三、现在完成时的标志词标志词：already yet never ever just before recently once/twice 数字+times so far by now up to nowuntil now these days in/over/during the last/past+时间段for+一段时间since+过去的某一个时间点标志词讲解already: 往往用于肯定句，放在句中或句末，在句中时位于助动词或系动词后，实义动词前。
He has already left here.yet用于否定句和疑问句，一般在句末。
My teachers haven’t had breakfast yet. Have you written to your parents yet? ever用于肯定句和疑问句中，在句中位于助动词和系动词后，实义动词前。
Have you ever visited the museum?never用于句中，助动词或系动词后，实义动词前，表示否定意义。
We have never met again since that day.just 用于句中，表示“刚刚”，与already,never等副词位置一样。
高中英语语法- 动词时态-- 完成时
高中英语语法: 动词时态－－完成时完成时完成时是用来表示动作的完成与未完成的情况。
完成时包括现在完成时、过去完成时和将来完成时。
A．现在完成时．现在完成时的构成现在完成时的构成形式是“have / has +过去分词”。
现在完成时常被称为“与现在有联系的过去”，因此它不能与明确的过去时间状语连用。
as bwindow.有人把窗户打破了。
I haven'ulately.我最近不常见到她。
How long have they been married?他们结婚多长时间了？．现在完成时的用法①表示结果的现在完成时现在完成时着眼于过去的动作对现在产生的结果或影响。
这是现在完成时的“已完成”用法，表示动作或过程发生在说话之前就已完成，并与现在有联系。
这种联系实际上就是“过去的动作”对现在的影响或产生的结果。
I have bought a我买了一支笔。
（结果：I have apen now.）Tature has increased by 10℃.温度上升了10摄氏度。
（结果：It is quw.）Air pollution has talives of many people.空气污染已经夺去了很多人的生命。
（结果：Air polluvus now.）注意：现在完成时的上下文所指的时态必须呼应。
【误】I have bought a pen but I have lw.（have bought表示你现在已经有笔了，这和后面的have lost 有矛盾）【正】I bought a pen but I have lw.我（过去）买了一支笔，但我已经把它丢了。
【误】I have lbut I have found it now.（have lost 强调你现在已经没有笔了，与后面have found的意思有冲突）【正】I lbut I have found it now我丢了一支笔，但现在已经找到了。
②表示经历的现在完成时强调过去某一时刻到说话时这段时间中的经历。
(英语语法)四种完成时态
LESSON EIGHT四种完成时态主系表现在：You are rich.过去：You were rich.将来：You will be rich.过去将来：You would be rich.There be现在：There is a book on the desk .过去：There was a book on the desk.将来：There will be a book on the desk.过去将来：There would be a book on the desk.主谓宾状现在：You study English in the school.过去时：You studied English in the school.将来时: You will study English in the school.You are going to study English.You are to study English.You are about to study English过去将来：You would study English in the scho You were going to study English.You were to study English.You were about to study English.You are studying English.You were studying English.You will be studying English.You woud be studying English.课堂练习1：你知道你们老师的爸爸昨天为什么要打beat他？2：你知道你们班的那个女孩子怎样成为你们班最好的学生吗？3：你知道昨天他们家的狗为什么咬bit bite你吗？4：我妈妈昨天问我我打算在哪学英语.5：你知道你们学校的图书馆去年有多少图书吗？6:你知道他的父亲什么时候死的吗？7：你知道老鼠mouse为什么爱大米rice吗？8：你知道你们老师明年打算写多少本书吗？9：你知道你们老师现在在哪吃午饭的吗?10：你知道昨天晚上7点半你爸爸和你妈妈在客厅里做什么呢吗？11：那个医生告诉我他临时在这个医院帮忙。
英语语法完成时篇
完成时篇（一）——现在完成时[提问] 请问在句子“Working in London has been the best decision I have made so far. （Experiencing English Integrated Book1 Page71）”中，为什么时间状语是完成时的情况下，主句仍然可以使用现在完成时呢？答：完成时态通常表示已完成或已经开始从事的动作，它可以分为现在完成时、过去完成时、将来完成时以及完成进行时。
根据定义我们可以了解到，除了表示到现在为止动作已经完成或已经开始以外，还有多种情况可以用现在完成时来表达。
一、动作从过去某个时间开始发生，延续到现在，并且说话前已经完成。
例如：The mission has been carried out well.任务已经很好地完成了。
Those girls have eaten two big cakes.女孩们已经吃了两个蛋糕了。
二、某个动作或状态发生在过去，持续并影响现在，有可能会继续保持下去。
例如：My brother has been abroad for several years.我哥哥已经出国好几年了。
It has rained all morning.雨下了一个早晨。
Up to now, parents have accepted the pop music youths prefer to.现在，家长们已经接受了年轻人喜欢的流行音乐。
I have known him since the summer in 2001.自2001年的那个夏天，我就认识他了。
三、动作发生在现在之前的某个时间，可能是多次动作的集合，也表示习惯性的动作或状态。
例如：Xiao Qin has come over here three times in the daytime.白天小覃已经来过三次了。
Which countries have you traveled recently?最近你都去过那些国家？How many papers have you read today? 你今天看了几篇论文？四、动作过去曾发生过一次或多次，也可能是一种经历。
(完整)高中英语语法之现在完成时
现在完成时讲解一、基本结构：主语+have/has+过去分词(done)①肯定句：主语+have/has+过去分词+其他②否定句：主语+have/has+not+过去分词+其他③一般疑问句：Have/Has+主语+过去分词+其他④特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+一般疑问句（have/has+主语+过去分词+其他）二、用法1）现在完成时的"完成用法"现在完成时用来表示现在之前已发生过或完成的动作或状态,但其结果却和现在有联系,也就是说,动作或状态发生在过去但它的影响现在还存在.He has turned off the light.他已把灯关了。
(动作结束于过去，但说明的是现在的情况--灯现在不亮了。
)I have spent all of my money.(含义是:现在我没有钱花了.)Jane has laid the table.(含义是:现在桌子已经摆好了.)2）现在完成时的"未完成用法"指的是动作开始于过去某一时刻，一直延续到现在，或可能还要继续下去。
这里的动词要用持续性动词。
常与for （+时间段）,since（+时间点）连用.Mary has been ill for three days.Mary has been ill since three days ago.注意:1.现在完成时不能单独与准确时间连用，(如表示过去的时间状语）如yesterday(morning、afternoon),last(morning、afternoon)等，除非与for, since连用.2.现在完成时往往同表示不确定的过去时间状语连用,如already（肯定）, yet（否定，疑问）, just, before, recently, still, latel y等:He has already obtained a scholarship.I haven't seen much of him recently (lately).We have seen that film before.Have they found the missing child yet ?3. 现在完成时常常与表示频度的时间状语连用,如ever, never, twice, several times等:Have you ever been to BeijingI have never heard Bunny say anything against her.I have used this pen only three times. It is still good.George has met that gentleman several times.4. 现在完成时还往往可以同包括现在时间在内的时间状语连用,如up to these few days/weeks/months/years, just, up to present(now), so far等:Peter has written six papers so far.Up to the present everything has been successful.5. 现在完成时还可以用来表示过去的一个时间到现在这段时间内重复发生的动作.We have had four texts this semester.6. have been to 和have gone to的区别have been to 强调“去过”，现已不在那里，如：He has been to the USA three times.他到美国去过三次。
初中英语语法八大时态之现在完成时
初中英语语法八大时态之现在完成时现在完成时1.概念：过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，或从过去已经开始，持续到现在并且有可能继续下去的动作或状态。
2.时间状语：recently，lately，since，for，in the past few years，etc。
3. 基本结构：have/has + done否定形式：have/has + not +done。
一般疑问句：have或has。
4. since的三种用法1) since +过去一个时间点(如具体的年、月、日期、钟点、1980，last month，half past six)。
例如：I have been here since 1989。
1989起，我一直在这儿。
2) since +一段时间+ ago。
例如：I have been here since five months ago。
我在这儿，已经有五个月了。
3) since +从句(一般过去时)。
例如：Great changes have taken place since you left。
你走后，变化可大了。
比较since和forsince 用来说明动作起始时间，for用来说明动作延续时间长度。
例如：I have lived here for more than twenty years。
我住在这儿二十多年了。
注意：并非有for 作为时间状语的句子都用现在完成时。
I worked here for more than twenty years。
(我现在已不在这里工作。
)。
英语语法-完成时
完成时现在完成时(一)：开始于过去的动作一直持续到现在，有可能继续持续。
谓语动词为延续性动词 I have lived here for 3 years. 我仍然住在这里，而且还可能继续住下去。
如果在搬家时说这句话，则live这件事只持续到目前为止。
The teacher has taught in this school since I came here.I’ve worked in this company since I left school.since表明了动作开始的时间点。
有上下问明确告知，动作只持续到说话的时刻为止。
a. A: Have you waited long?B: I’ve waited for three hours.b. I’ve waited for him all day; I don’t want to wait any longer.特点：1. 谓语动词为延续性动词2. 动作的发生时间是过去，持续到现在，还可能继续持续下去。
3. 常常与表示一段时间的时间状语连用，是说明某个状态持续了多久。
与现在完成时搭配的时间状语1. since + 时间点a. I’ve worked in thiss company since 1980b. I’ve worked in this company since I left school. (从句中一般过去时)2. for + 时间段a. I’ve worked in this company for three years.b. Great changes have taken place in Beijing for the past few years.3. 到目前为止：until now, up until now, up to now, up till now, so far.a. We have up until now failed to take any action to decide on a common language that would further communication between nations.4. 在最近几世纪/年/月以来：in the past few years, over the past few years, during the last three months, for the last few centuries, through centuries, throughout history.a. Throughout history man has had to accept the fact that all living things must die, for the very nature of life includes death.b. Through centuries the bizarre anticss of sleepwalkers have puzzled police, perplexed scientists anad fascinated writers.现在完成时(二)：过去发生但与现在仍有联系的动作或状态a. He has broken his leg. 他现在还在医院，所以不能和同学一起郊游。
初中英语语法——现在完成时知识点总结归纳
初中英语语法——现在完成时知识点总结归纳现在完成时（Present Perfect Tense）是英语中常用的一种时态，用来表示过去发生的动作与现在的关系。
以下是现在完成时的知识点总结：1. 构成：现在完成时由助动词“have/has”和过去分词构成，行为动词的过去分词形式有规律变化和不规律变化两种。
规律变化一般在动词原形后加-ed，不规则变化则需要特殊记忆。
2.肯定句形式：主语 + have/has + 过去分词例如：I have finished my homework.She has written a letter.3.否定句形式：主语 + haven't/hasn't + 过去分词例如：I haven't finished my homework.She hasn't written a letter.4.疑问句形式：Have/Has + 主语 + 过去分词 + 其他部分?例如：Have you finished your homework?Has she written a letter?5.现在完成时表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。
例如：I have lost my key.（我丢失了我的钥匙，现在找不到了。
）He has broken his leg.（他折断了腿，现在不能走路。
）6.现在完成时还可以用来表示一直延续到现在的动作或状态。
例如：I have lived in this city for five years.（我已经在这个城市住了五年了。
）She has known him since high school.（她从高中就认识他了。
）7.现在完成时与时间状语的连用：现在完成时通常与以下时间状语连用：just（刚刚）、already（已经）、yet（还）、ever（曾经）、never（从未）、recently（最近）、since（自从）、for（持续时间）例如：I have just finished my homework.（我刚完成了作业。
(完整版)英语完成时态语法讲解专题
过去完成时态（一）定义：①表示发生在过去的动作对过去晚些时候造成的影响或结果②过去某一动作一直持续到过去晚些时候将来可能还要延续。
发生在前的那个动作【过去的过去】（二）基本结构：主语+had+过去分词vpp.(done)①肯定句：主语+had+过去分词.②否定句：主语+had+not+过去分词.③一般疑问句：Had+主语+过去分词?肯定回答：Yes,主语+had.否定回答：No,主语+had not .④特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词或词组+一般疑问句（Had+主语+过去分词）？⑤被动语态：主语+had（hadn't)+been+过去分词（三）用法：（1）表示在过去某一时刻或动作以前完成了的动作，也可以说过去的时间关于过去的动作。
即“过去的过去”。
可以用by, before等介词短语或一个时间状语从句来表示，也可以用一个表示过去的动作来表示，还可能通过上下文来表示。
例如：By nine o’clock last night, we had gotten 200 pictures from the spaceship.到昨晚9点钟，我们已经收到200 张飞船发来的图片。
（2）表示由过去的某一时刻开始，一直延续到过去另一时间的动作或状态，常和for, since构成的时间状语连用。
例如：I had been at the bus stop for 20 minutes when a bus finally came.当车来的时候，我在车站已等了20分钟。
He said he had worked in that factory since 1949.他说自从1949年以来他就在那家工厂工作。
（3）叙述过去发生的事情，在已叙述了过去发生的事情后，反过来追述或补述以前发生的动作时，常使用过去完成时。
例如：Mr. Smith died yesterday. He had been a good friend of mine.史密斯先生昨天去世了。
高中英语语法之现在完成时
现在完成时讲解一、基本结构：主语+have/has+过去分词(done)①肯定句：主语+have/has+过去分词+其他②否定句：主语+have/has+not+过去分词+其他③一般疑问句：Have/Has+主语+过去分词+其他④特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+一般疑问句（have/has+主语+过去分词+其他）二、用法1）现在完成时的"完成用法"现在完成时用来表示现在之前已发生过或完成的动作或状态,但其结果却和现在有联系,也就是说,动作或状态发生在过去但它的影响现在还存在.He has turned off the light.他已把灯关了。
(动作结束于过去，但说明的是现在的情况--灯现在不亮了。
)I have spent all of my money.(含义是:现在我没有钱花了.)Jane has laid the table.(含义是:现在桌子已经摆好了.)2）现在完成时的"未完成用法"指的是动作开始于过去某一时刻，一直延续到现在，或可能还要继续下去。
这里的动词要用持续性动词。
常与for （+时间段）,since（+时间点）连用.Mary has been ill for three days.Mary has been ill since three days ago.注意:1.现在完成时不能单独与准确时间连用，(如表示过去的时间状语）如yesterday(morning、afternoon),last(morning、afternoon)等，除非与for, since连用.2.现在完成时往往同表示不确定的过去时间状语连用,如already（肯定）, yet（否定，疑问）, just, before, recently, still, latel y等:He has already obtained a scholarship.I haven't seen much of him recently (lately).We have seen that film before.Have they found the missing child yet ?3. 现在完成时常常与表示频度的时间状语连用,如ever, never, twice, several times等:Have you ever been to BeijingI have never heard Bunny say anything against her.I have used this pen only three times. It is still good.George has met that gentleman several times.4. 现在完成时还往往可以同包括现在时间在内的时间状语连用,如up to these few days/weeks/months/years, just, up to present(now), so far等:Peter has written six papers so far.Up to the present everything has been successful.5. 现在完成时还可以用来表示过去的一个时间到现在这段时间内重复发生的动作.We have had four texts this semester.6. have been to 和have gone to的区别have been to 强调“去过”，现已不在那里，如：He has been to the USA three times.他到美国去过三次。
英语现在完成时语法
英语现在完成时语法是一种描述过去某个时间段发生的动作和状态的句式，它也是英语中最常用的时态之一。
它用来描述过去发生的动作或状态，并且这种动作或状态对现在仍有影响或延续性。
它的结构为：主语+have/has+动词的过去分词（V-ed）。
首先，英语现在完成时的基本用法是描述过去某个时间段内发生的动作或状态，并且这种动作或状态对现在仍有影响或延续性，即“过去发生的动作或状态已经对现在造成了影响”。
例如：I have read many books.（我已经读了很多书），She has written a novel.（她已经写了一本小说）。
其次，英语现在完成时还可以表达“过去发生的动作或状态一直持续到现在”的意思。
例如：I have lived in Beijing for 10 years.（我已经在北京住了10年了），She has been learning English for 3 years.（她已经学习英语3年了）。
此外，英语现在完成时也可以用来表达“过去某个时间之前发生的动作或状态仍在现在继续”的意思。
例如：I have known him for 10 years.（我已经认识他10年了），She has worked here since June.（自从6月份以来，她一直在这里工作）。
再次，英语现在完成时也可以表示“过去某个时间点之前已经完成的动作”。
例如：I have finished my homework.（我已经完成了我的家庭作业），She has passed the exam.（她已经通过考试了）。
最后，英语现在完成时还可以用来表达“过去发生的动作正在进行”的意思，但此时动词的过去分词形式为：V-ing。
例如：I have been waiting for you for half an hour.（我已经等你半个小时了），She has been reading a book.（她一直在读书）。
(完整版)初中英语现在完成时语法总结
一、Topic:现在完成时
二、lead in:一般现在时（经常性动作或状态；客观事实或真理）
现在进行时（正在进行的动作或持续的状态）
一般过去时（过去发生的,或过去经常性动作,回忆过去）
过去进行时（过去正在发生的动作或状态）
一般将来时（将来动作,将来经常性动作,打算或即将发生的动作/状态）
2.（2016选词填空）Al.o.u.hav.passe.th.exam.Ho.happ.w.are!
3.(2015选词填空)—Where are you going on vacation this summer?
-- Ihaven’t plannedit yet.
[already与yet的用法: already常用语肯定句中,在助动词have/has之后；yet常用于疑问句、否定句中,句末位置。含already的陈述句变为疑问句或否定句时,already改为yet,放句末。]
六、附录:延续性动词转换标
Borrow--keep
Buy—have
Catch a cold—have a cold
Put on--wear
Get toknow--know
Get to sleep--sleep
Begin/start—be on
Go out—be out
Get to/arrive in/reach—be (in)
1.I___.alread.___.(see.th.film.._______.(s.week.
2.____.h.___.(finish.hi.wor.today.No.yet.
3.M.fathe.___.jus.___.(come.bac.fro.work.H.i.tire.now.
英语语法四种完成时态
LESSON EIGHT四种完成时态主系表现在：You are rich.过去：You were rich.将来：You will be rich.过去将来：You would be rich.There be现在：There is a book on the desk .过去：There was a book on the desk.将来：There will be a book on the desk.过去将来：There would be a book on the desk.主谓宾状现在：You study English in the school.过去时：You studied English in the school.将来时: You will study English in the school.You are going to study English.You are to study English.are about to study Englishwould study English in the schoolYou were going to study English.You were to study English.You were about to study English.You are studying English.You were studying English.You will be studying English.You English.1：你知道你们老师的爸爸昨天为什么要打beat他2：你知道你们班的那个女孩子怎样成为你们班最好的学生吗3：你知道昨天他们家的狗为什么咬bit bite你吗4：我妈妈昨天问我我打算在哪学英语.5：你知道你们学校的图书馆去年有多少图书吗6:你知道他的父亲什么时候死的吗7：你知道老鼠mouse为什么爱大米rice吗8：你知道你们老师明年打算写多少本书吗9：你知道你们老师现在在哪吃午饭的吗10：你知道昨天晚上7点半你爸爸和你妈妈在客厅里做什么呢吗11：那个医生告诉我他临时在这个医院帮忙;课堂答案1：你知道你们老师的爸爸昨天为什么要打beat他Do you know why your teacher’s father beat him yesterday 2：你知道你们班的那个女孩子怎样成为你们班最好的学生吗Do you know how the pretty girl of your class becomes the best students3：你知道昨天他们家的狗为什么咬bit bite你吗Do you know why the dog of his family bit you yesterday4：我妈妈昨天问我我打算在哪学英语.Yesterday, my mother asked me where I was going to study English.5：你知道你们学校的图书馆去年有多少图书吗Do you know how many books there were in the library of your school yesterday6:你知道他的父亲什么时候死的吗Do you know when his father died7：你知道老鼠mouse为什么爱大米rice吗Do you know why the mouse loves rice8：你知道你们老师明年打算写多少本书吗Do you know how many books your teacher is going to write nest year9：你知道你们老师现在在哪吃午饭的吗Do you know where your teacher is having lunch10：你知道昨天晚上7点半你爸爸和你妈妈在客厅里做什么呢吗Do you know what your father and mother were doing in the living room at half past 7 yesterday11：那个医生告诉我他临时在这个医院帮忙;The doctor told me that he was helping in the hospital.而是对现在产生的结果和影响;否则用一般过去时态就够了;请看下面的对话;●A－We will send some one to America.我们要派一个人去美国;B－I have been there.我去过美国;= I was there and I know the country very well. Would you send me there 我去过那儿,很了解那个国家;能派我去吗C－I have not been there.我还没去过那儿呢;= I didn’t go to America. It is my turn.我没去过;这次该我了;上面对话的前提是大家都抢着去美国;所以B用现在完成时态是想说明自己有经验,派他去好;而C用现在完成时态是说自己没去过,轮也该轮到他了;两句都是强调对现在产生的影响;Did you have lunchHave you had lunchDid you study EnglishHave you studied EnglishLaochang diedLaochang has diedWho was hererWho has been hereHave you done your homework2. 表示过去发生的动作一直持续到现在;通常用于持续性较强的动词,例如：live, study, wait for, be等等,并且常常与since, for连用,since给出的是过去的一个时间点,如since 1958, 而for往往给出的是一个时间段,如for three years;●He has studied English for eight years.●Since1980, they have known each other.注：完成时态表示延续的用法不可跟非延续动词连用,如：die, go, leave, receive等;请看下面例句：╳His father has died for three years.●His father has been dead for three years.第一句是错的;“死”这个动作不可能延续;但一种状态却可以延续;第二句用主系表句型是对的;▲过去完成时态,将来完成时态和过去将来完成时态学习完成时态应注意,所有完成时态在“态”的概念上是一样的,现在完成时态、过去完成时态、将来完成时态、过去将来完成时态所不同的只是时间上的概念;所以我们只要掌握现在完成时态,然后在时间上向过去推便是过去完成时态,向将来推便是将来完成时态;3完成时态在主从句中的用法完成时态除上面讲到的两种基本用法之外,在主从句中通常可以用来表示主句与从句动作发生的先后次序;●Do you know he has finished his homework现在完成时态“has finished”表示发生在一般现在时态“know”之前;●I heard he had bought a new car.过去完成时态“had bought”表示发生在过去时态“heard”之前;现在完成时态“have had supper”强调吃过饭之后,即强调从句动作发生在主句之前;从上面几个例句可以看出,在主从句中现在完成时态往往表示发生在另一个现在时态的动作之前,而过去完成时态则表示发生在另一个过去时态的动作之前;请注意下面的例句：以上简单地介绍了在主从句中完成时态的用法;请同学们在做练习时多加注意;一、完成下列句子;1. He said 他从未去过西藏Tibet.2. 他从未给我写过信since he left Beijing.3. He said 他下月底就不用我的照相机了camera.4.I hope 雨会在明天中午前停下来.5. By the end of that year 他已集了一千多张中国邮票.6. I really don’t know他是否已经到了实验室laboratory.7. The boy knows that he must be braver and firmer在他经历了这样的事情之后.8. I could not remember whether 他已经付了字典钱.9. I’m afraid I 到时还没有找到正确的答案.10. Don’t worry. Before I get home I 就会把这件事全忘光的.二、完成下列句子;1．He said that he had never been to Tibet.他从未去过西藏Tibet.2．He hasn’t written to me他从未给我写过信since he left Beijing. 3．He said that he would have done with have used my camera by the end of next month.他下月底就不用我的照相机了camera.4．I hope that the rain will have stopped by tomorrow noon.雨会在明天中午前停下来.5．By the end of that year he had collected more than a thousand Chinese stamps.他已集了一千多张中国邮票.6．I really don’t know whether he has got to the laboratory or not.他是否已经到了实验室laboratory.7．The boy knows that he must be braver and firmer after he has experienced such a thing.在他经历了这样的事情之后. Has gonethrough8．I could not remember whether he had paid for the dictionary.他已经付了字典钱9．I’m afraid I won’t have got the correct answer by then.到时还没有找到正确的答案.10. Don’t worry. Before I get home I will have forgotten all about the matter.就会把这件事全忘光的.三、完成下列句子;1.He said 他从未去过西藏Tibet.2.他从未给我写过信since he left Beijing.3.He said 他下月底就不用我的照相机了camera.4.I hope 雨会在明天中午前停下来.5.By the end of that year 他已集了一千多张中国邮票.6.I really don’t know 他是否已经到了实验室laboratory.7.The boy knows that he must be braver and firmer 在他经历了这样的事情之后.8.I could not remember whether 他已经付了字典钱.9.I’m afraid I 到时还没有找到正确的答案.10.Don’t worry. Before I get home I 就会把这件事全忘光的.二、时态选择;该题全部取自于全国高考原卷1.—What do you want ______ those old boxes—To put things in when I move to the new flat.A. byB. forC. ofD. with2.—he start at once or wait for a while—Let him start at once.A．Will B．Would C．Does D．Shall3.I can’t tell you if it tomorrow.A．will rain B．rains C．shall rain D．does rain4.Did you watch the play on CCTV 1 last night It was really good.—No, I didn'—“Tea House”.A. What was itB. What's onC. What was it aboutD. How about it5.—Can you give me the right answer—Sorry, I _______．Would you repeat that questionA．hadn’ t listened B．haven’t listenedC．don’t listen D．wasn’t listening6.I promised to get there before 5 o’clock, but now the rain is pouring down．They_______ for me impatiently．A．may wait B．ought to waitC．could wait D．must be waiting7.—Haven't seen you for ages Do you still work in Fuzhou—'s two years since I worked there.A. Yes, I haveB. Yes, I doC. No, I haven'tD. No, I don't8.Goodbye, Peter, remember me to your parents.— ______.A. It's very kind of you to say soB. Thanks, I willC. You are so kindD. Thanks, what a good idea9.You are talking too much.—Only at home. No one ______ me but you.A. is hearingB. had heardC. hearsD. heard10.—We want someone to design the new art museum for us.—the young fellow have a tryA. MayB. ShallC. WillD. Need11.I wonder why Jenny ________us recently. We should have heard from her by now.A. hasn't writtenB. doesn't writeC. won't writeD. hadn't written12.I didn't like aunt Lucy, who _____without warning and presentingA. always turned upB. has always turned upC. was always turned upD. was always turning up13.—Has Tommy finished his homework yet—I have no idea; he it this morning.A. was doingB. had been doingC. has doneD. did14.The little girl ______ her heart out because she ______ her toy bear and believed shewasn’t ever going to find it.A. had cried; lostB. cried; had lostC. has cried; has lostD. cries; has lost15.—Hey, look where you are going—Oh, I’m terribly sorry_____________.A. I’m not noticingB. I wasn’t noticingC. I haven’t noticedD. I don’t notice16.—Do you know your town at all—No, this is the first time I _______ here.A. wasB. have beenC. cameD. am coming17.I’m sorry to keep you waiting.--Oh, not at all. I ___________ here only a few minutes.A. have beenB. had beenC. wasD. will be18.—__________ my glasses— Yes, I saw them on your bed a minute ago.A. Do you seeB. Had you seenC. Would you seeD. Have you seen19.You don’t need to describe her.I ______ her several times.A. had metB. have metC. metD. meet20.—Who is Jerry Cooper— ________ I saw you shaking hands with him at the meeting.A. Don’t you meet him yetB. Hadn’t you met him yetC. Didn’t you meet him yetD. Haven’t you met him yet21.Helen ______ her keys in the office so she had to wait until her husband _____ home.A. has left; comeB. left; had comeC. had left; cameD. left; came22.How long ________ each other before they _____ married— For about a year.A. have they known; getB. did they know; were going to getC. do they know; are going to getD. had they known; got二、时态选择;该题全部取自于全国高考原卷1.—What do you want ______ those old boxes—To put things in when I move to the new flat.A. byB. forC. ofD. withdo sth with sth or want sth with sth 意思是用什么东西或要什么东西做什么; 2.—______ he start at once or wait for a while—Let him start at once.A．Will B．Would C．Does D．Shall．Shall shall表示征求对方意见;3.I can’t tell you if it tomorrow.A．will rain B．rains C．shall rain D．does rain．will rain 表示将来发生的事;4.Did you watch the play on CCTV 1 last night It was really good.—No, I didn'—“Tea House”.A. What was itB. What's onC. What was it aboutD. How about it. What's on 意思是演的是什么;5.—Can you give me the right answer—Sorry, I _______．Would you repeat that questionA．hadn’ t listened B．haven’t listenedC．don’t listen D．wasn’t listening．wasn’t listening 表示刚才一瞬间,所以要用过去进行时;6.I promised to get there before 5 o’clock, but now the rain is pouring down．They_______ for me impatiently．A．may wait B．ought to waitC．could wait D．must be waiting．must be waiting must be or must do都可以表示对目前的推测;该话应译成：想必他们等我等的不耐烦了;Must be must be doingMust have been Must have done7.—Haven't seen you for ages Do you still work in Fuzhou—'s two years since I worked there.A. Yes, I haveB. Yes, I doC. No, I haven'tD. No, I don't7. D. No , I don't It's two years since I worked there. 此句应译成我已经有两年没在那里工作了;8.Goodbye, Peter, remember me to your parents.— ______.A. It's very kind of you to say soB. Thanks, I willC. You are so kindD. Thanks, what a good idea. Thanks, I will;在答应别人时应该用will表示坚决;9.You are talking too much.—Only at home. No one ______ me but you.A. is hearingB. had heardC. hearsD. heard9. C. hears 表示事实用一般时;10.—We want someone to design the new art museum for us.—the young fellow have a tryA. MayB. ShallC. WillD. Need. Shall shall表示征求对方的意见;have a try 试一试, have a look 看一看;11.I wonder why Jenny ________us recently. We should have heard from her by now.A. hasn't writtenB. doesn't writeC. won't writeD. hadn't written. hash' t written 因为recently表示过去延续到现在,应用过去完成时;12.I didn't like aunt Lucy, who _____without warning and presentingA. always turned upB. has always turned upC. was always turned upD. was always turning up. was always turning up,--- be always doing表示不满; 例如My wife is always watching TV. 我的妻子总是看电视; Turn up 意思是出现; 该句应译成：我不喜欢我的婶子路西总不打招呼也不带礼物就突然出现;13.—Has Tommy finished his homework yet—I have no idea; he it this morning.A. was doingB. had been doingC. has doneD. did. was doing this morning表示一个很短的过去时间,用过去进行时;14.The little girl ______ her heart out because she ______ her toy bear and believed shewasn’t ever going to find it.A. had cried; lostB. cried; had lostC. has cried; has lostD. cries; has lost. cried; had lost, cry one’s heart out 哭得很伤心;在主从句中过去完成时表示动作发生在一般过去时之前,现在完成时是指动作发生在一般现在时之前;强调主从句的时间差;15.—Hey, look where you are going—Oh, I’m terribly sorry_____________.A. I’m not noticingB. I wasn’t noticingC. I haven’t noticedD. I don’t notice15. B 表示过的动作短暂用过去进行时;16.—Do you know your town at all—No, this is the first time I _______ here.A. wasB. have beenC. cameD. am coming16. B 从过到现在的经历用现在完成时;17.I’m sorry to keep you waiting.--Oh, not at all. I ___________ here only a few minutes.A. have beenB. had beenC. wasD. will be过去的状态持续到现在用现在完成时;18.—__________ my glasses— Yes, I saw them on your bed a minute ago.A. Do you seeB. Had you seenC. Would you seeD. Have you seen18. D过去的动作对现在产生的影响用现在完成时19.You don’t need to describe her.I ______ her several times.A. had metB. have metC. metD. meet从过到现在的经历用现在完成时;20.—Who is Jerry Cooper— ________ I saw you shaking hands with him at the meeting.A. Don’t you meet him yetB. Hadn’t you met him yetC. Didn’t you meet him yetD. Haven’t you met him yet20. D 过去的动作对现在产生的影响用现在完成时;21.Helen ______ her keys in the office so she had to wait until her husband _____ home.A. has left; comeB. left; had comeC. had left; cameD. left; came动作发生在过去的过去,强调时间差用过去完成时;22.How long ________ each other before they _____ married— For about a year.A. have they known; getB. did they know; were going to getC. do they know; are going to getD. had they known; got动作发生在过去的过去,强调时间差用过去完成时;。
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完成时篇（一）——现在完成时[提问] 请问在句子“Working in London has been the best decision I have made so far. （Experiencing English Integrated Book1 Page71）”中，为什么时间状语是完成时的情况下，主句仍然可以使用现在完成时呢？答：完成时态通常表示已完成或已经开始从事的动作，它可以分为现在完成时、过去完成时、将来完成时以及完成进行时。
根据定义我们可以了解到，除了表示到现在为止动作已经完成或已经开始以外，还有多种情况可以用现在完成时来表达。
一、动作从过去某个时间开始发生，延续到现在，并且说话前已经完成。
例如：The mission has been carried out well.任务已经很好地完成了。
Those girls have eaten two big cakes.女孩们已经吃了两个蛋糕了。
二、某个动作或状态发生在过去，持续并影响现在，有可能会继续保持下去。
例如：My brother has been abroad for several years.我哥哥已经出国好几年了。
It has rained all morning.雨下了一个早晨。
Up to now, parents have accepted the pop music youths prefer to.现在，家长们已经接受了年轻人喜欢的流行音乐。
I have known him since the summer in 2001.自2001年的那个夏天，我就认识他了。
三、动作发生在现在之前的某个时间，可能是多次动作的集合，也表示习惯性的动作或状态。
例如：Xiao Qin has come over here three times in the daytime.白天小覃已经来过三次了。
Which countries have you traveled recently?最近你都去过那些国家？How many papers have you read today? 你今天看了几篇论文？四、动作过去曾发生过一次或多次，也可能是一种经历。
例如：Students are very pride that the president has once visited their school.学生们为总统曾访问过他们学校而骄傲。
Accidents like this have happened more than 20 times these years.这几年此类事故发生不下20起。
在现在完成时态的句子中，常伴随的时间状语有：already，yet，ever，never，just，before，lately，recently，till/until，always，now，since，today;in past years，all morning，all one’s life，up to now，these days，this week/month/year，for a long time。
现在完成时中有几点语法点要注意的：1）for引出的时间状语只能修饰表示延续性动作的动词。
不能用来修饰表示瞬间、短暂动作或位置转移的动词。
如John has come to China for three years，此句错误，come这个动作是短暂性动词，不可能持续发生，因此可改为John has been in China for three years，约翰已经爱中国生活了3年。
短暂性动词有appear, begin，borrow，buy，come，close，die，fall，find，finish，join，kill，leave，lend，lose，see，start，stop。
2）在表示时间或条件的状语从句可以用现在完成时表示将来完成的动作。
例如：He will not quit my job until his parents have permitted.父母允许后他才会辞职。
I will arrive at 6 o’clock if the car h as been prepared then.如果到时车准备好了，我能在6点到达。
3）It is the first/second time that…这个结构中，that从句要用现在完成时。
例如：It is the first time that I have heard of his deeds.这是我第一次听说他的事迹。
Is the second time you have visited China? 这是你第二次来中国了吧？4）This is the 最高级that…这个结构中，that从句用现在完成时。
例如：This is the best way that we have tried to solve the problem.这是我们试过的解决问题的最好方法。
Do you think this is the most delicious food that we once have had? 你不觉得这是我们吃过的最美味的食物吗？提问中的句子Working in London has been the best decision I have made so far，包含了一个that 从句：the best decision (that) I have made so far, 该句符合完成时语法点中“the 最高级that…结构，that从句用现在完成时，同时so far为标志性的时间状语，表示迄今为止做所作的决定中最好的。
主句动词为has been，以现在、目前为时间状语，表示到说话者当下的时间之前一直在持续的动作，符合前面所述第二种情况，意思是已经成为。
全句意为：“在伦敦工作是我迄今为止所做的最好的决定。
”完成时篇——过去完成时（二）[提问]请问下面这个句子“…what would have happened if she had not been there. （Experiencing English Integrated Book1 Page56）”属于什么时态？怎样翻译成中文？答：这是一个表示与过去事实相反的虚拟语气句，时态属于过去完成时。
虚拟语气表示说话人所说的内容并不是事实，而是一种假设或推测，分为现在时虚拟语气和过去时虚拟语气。
该句子因为叙述的内容与过去事实相反，符合过去时虚拟语气中非真实条件句结构：(与过去事实相反)—if+过去完成时, would(should, could, might)+ have+过去分词。
因此主句if she had not been there(如果没有她)，从句what would have happened（会发生什么事情），全句意为：如果她不在这儿，不知道会发生些什么。
例如：The fish would not have been burnt if you had told me. 要是你告诉我，鱼就不会糊了。
Would the little girl have hurt herse lf if her mother hadn’t left her alone?要不是她妈妈把她一个人留下了，小女孩会弄伤自己吗？主句中过去完成时表示到过去某一时刻动作已经完成，或持续到过去某一时刻的动作或状态，其结构是：had+p p (过去分词)。
句中常出现：before，after，once，by，until，when，as soon as用来引导时间状语。
例如：All of us hadn’t cried for even a drop of tear until the final depar ture came up.大家都忍着不流一滴眼泪，直到那最终的离别到来。
He deeply realized the love in his soul only after she had left.只有当她离开以后，他才深深地意识到自己心中的爱。
过去完成时的用法中要注意：1）在no sooner…than…和hardly/scarcely…when…结构中，主句的谓语动词多用完成时。
例如: Mum had scarcely rested when she began to cook for us.妈妈还没休息就又开始给我们做饭了。
Many graduators had no sooner received new jobs than quit because of dissatisfaction with the salary.许多毕业生找了新工作不久就会因为不满意薪酬而辞职。
如果否定词出现在句首，主句的主谓要注意倒装。
例如：Hardly had you celebrated for this success when the next task came. 还没等庆祝成功，新任务就下来了。
No sooner had I bought a new dictionary than it was stolen. 我刚买了本新字典就被偷了。
2）在主从复合句中，如果主句的谓语动词用过去时，其后的宾语从句谓语的动作是先发生的，常用过去完成时。
例如：John was warned that he had made the same mistake for several times.约翰被警告说同样的错误他已经犯过多次了。
They clearly remembered what crime the guy had committed.他们清晰地记得那家伙犯下的罪。
3）在“It was the first time that…”结构中，从句的谓语动词用过去完成时。
例如：It was the first time that we tried French food.那是我们第一次吃法国菜。
It was the second time that I had been in such a dilemma in my life.这是我人生中第二次陷入这样的两难之境。
4）过去完成时和before连用，表示“还没……就……”。
例如：He rushed out before I had finished all my words.我话还没有说完，他就冲出去了。
Girls put on colorful summer dresses before the spring had completely gone.春天还完全没有离去，女孩子们就都换上了五彩缤纷的夏装。