2014年职称英语真题及答案综合类A级(阅读理解)

第一篇The National Trust
The National Trust in Britainplays an increasingly important part in the preservation for public enjoymentof the best that is left unspoiled of the British countryside. Although theTrust has received practical and moral support from the Government,it is not arich Government department.It is a voluntary association of people who care forthe unspoiled countryside and historic buildings of Britain.It is a charitywhich depends for its existence on voluntary support from members of thepublic'.Its primary duty is to protect places of great natural beauty and placesof historical interest.
The attention of the publicwas first drawn to the dangers threatening the great old houses and castles ofBritain by the death of Lord Lothian,who left his great seventeenth-centuryhouse to the Trust together with the 4500-acre park and estate surrounding it.Thisgift attracted wide publicity and started the Trust's"Country HouseScheme”. Under this scheme,with the help of the Government and the generalpublic,the Trust has been able to save and make
accessible to the public aboutone hundred and fifty of these old st year about one and three quartersof a million people paid to visit these historic houses,usually at a verysmall charge.
In addition to country housesand open spaces the Trust now owns some examples of ancient wind and watermills3,nature reserves4,five hundred and forty farms and nearly two thousandfive hundred cottages or small village houses,as well as some completevillages.In these villages no one is allowed to build,develop'or disturb theold village environment in any way and all the houses are maintained in theiroriginal sixteenth-century style.Over four hundred thousand acres of coastline,woodland,and hill country are protected by the Trust and no development ordisturbances of any kind are permitted.The public has free access to theseareas and is only asked to respect the peace,beauty and wildlife.
Soit is that over the past eighty years the Trust has become a big and importantorganization and an essential and respected part of national life,preservingall that is of great natural beauty and of historical significance not only forfuture
generations of Britons but also for the millions of tourists who eachyear invade Britain in search of a great historic and cultural heritage.
31.The national trust is a
B、non-profit organization depenging on voluntary service
32、The national trust is dedicated to
D、protecting the unspoiled countryside and historic
33、We can infer from paragraph2that Lord Lothion____
C、saved many old country houses in britain
34、All the following can be inferred from the passage except_____
A、the trust more interested in protecting the16century houses
35、the word“invade”in pargraph41s closest in meaning
to
C、visit in large number
第二篇How we form first impression
We all have first impressionof someone we just met.But why? Why do we form an opinion about someonewithout really knowing anything about him or her–aside perhaps from a fewremarks or readily observable traits.
The answer is related to how yourbrain allows you to be aware of the world.Your brain is so sensitive inpicking up facial traits,even very minor difference in a how a person’s eyes,ears,nose,or mouth are placed in relation to each other make you see him orher as different.In fact,your brain continuously processes incoming sensoryinformation–the sights and sounds of your world.Theses incoming“signals”are compared against a host of“memories”stored in the brain areas called thecortex（大脑皮层）system to determine what thesenew signals“mean”.
If you see someone you know and like at school,your brain
says“familiar andsafe”.“If you see someone new,it says,“new—potentially threatening”.Thenyour brain starts to match features of this stranger with other“known”memories. The height,weight,dress,ethnicity,gestures and tone of voice areall matched up.The more unfamiliar the characteristics,the more your brainmay say,“This is new.I don’t like this person.”Or else,“I am intrigued.”Oryour brain may perceive a new face but familiar clothes,ethnicity, gestures–like your other friends;so your brain says:“I like this person.”But thesespreliminary“impressions”can be dead wrong.
When we stereotype people,we use aless mature form of thinking(not unlike the immature thinking of a very youngchild) that makes simplistic and categorical impressions of others. Rather thanlearn about the depth and breadth of people–their history,interest,values,strengths,and true character–we categorize them as jocks,geeks,or freaks.
However,if we resist initialstereotypical impressions,we have a chance to be aware of what a person istruly like.If we spend time with a person,hear about his or her life,
hopes,dreams,and become aware of the person’s character,we use a different,moremature style of thinking—and the most complex areas of our cortex,which allowus to be humane.
36.Our first impression of some one new is influenced by his or her_____-
facial feature
37.If you meet a stranger with familiar gestures, your brain is mostly likelyto say____
I like the person
38.The word“preliminary”means____
initial
39.Our thinking is not mature enough when we stereotype people because_____
we neglect their depth and breath
40.Which of the following statements best expresses the main idea of thepassage?
Our first impression is influenced by the sensitivity of our brain
第三篇A New Strategy to Overcome Breast Cancer
Post-menopausal(绝经后)women who walkfor an hour a day can cut their chance of breast cancer significantly,a studyhas suggested.The report,which followed73,000women for17years, foundwalking for at least seven hours a week lowered the risk of the disease.TheAmerican Cancer Society team said this was the first time reduced risk wasspecifically linked to walking. UK experts said it was more evidence thatlifestyle influenced cancer risk.
A recent poll for the charity Ramblers aquarter of adults walk for no more than an hour a week,but being active isknown to reduce the risk of a number of cancers.This study,published inCancer Epidemiology,Biomarkers&Prevention,followed 73.615women out of97,785aged50-74who had been recruited by the American Cancer Society between1992and1993,so it could
monitor the incidence of cancer in the group.
They were asked to completequestionnaires on their health and on how much time they were active andparticipating in activities such as walking,swimming and aerobics(有氧运动)and how much timethey spent sitting watching television or reading. They completed the samequestionnaires at two-year intervals between1997and2009.Of the women,47%said walking was their only recreational activity.Those who walked for atleast seven hours per week had a14%lower risk of breast cancer compared tothose who walked three or fewer hours per week.
Dr.Alpa Patel,a senior epidemiologistat the American Cancer Society in Atlanta,Georgia,who led the study, said:”Giventhat more than60%of women report some daily walking,promoting walking as ahealthy leisure-time activity could be an effective strategy for increasingphysical activity amongst post-menopausal women.We were pleased to find thatwithout any other recreational activity,just walking one hour a day wasassociated with a lower risk of breast cancer in these women.””More strenuous(紧张的)and longeractivities lowered the risk even more.”
Baroness Delyth Morgan,chief executiveof Breast Cancer Campaign,said:”This study adds further evidence that ourlifestyle choices can play a part in influencing the risk of breast cancer andeven small changes incorporate into our normal day-to-day activity can make adifference.”
She added:”We know that the best weaponto overcoming breast cancer is the ability to stop it occurring in the firstplace.The challenge now is how we turn these findings into action and identify othersustainable lifestyle changes that will help us prevent breast cancer.”
41.All of the following factorsrelating to cancer risk were mentioned in the passage____EXCEPT________
A.breathingexercise
B.regular walking
C.recreational activity
D.lifestyle choices
42.It can be inferred from Dr.AlpaPatel’s study that____.
A.women have fewer chances of physicalactivity
B.dailywalking could cut the chance of breast cancer
C.leisure-time activity is notassociated with cancer risk
D.walking is not recommended for womenwith breast cancer
43.Dr.Alpa Patel was_____.
A.headof the survey study
B.chief editor of Cancer Epidemiology
C.chair of the American Cancer Society
D.chief executive of Breast CancerCampaign
44.Which of the following statements istrue according to the passage?
A.Most women take walking as their onlyrecreational activity.
B.The study aims to track the healthconditions of its subjects.
C.Walking was the only recreational activity for about half of the women
D.Irregular walking increased the riskof breast cancer in post-menopausal women
45.The word“sustainable”in the lastparagraph is closest in meaning to
A.continuable
B.affordable
C.available
D.persistent 答案：ABACA。