[非谓语动词用法总结]非谓语动词用法精讲

[非谓语动词用法总结]非谓语动词用法精讲
[非谓语动词用法总结]非谓语动词用法精讲

[非谓语动词用法总结]非谓语动词用法精讲在大学英语四六级考试的词汇和语法部分中,年年必考的一项语法就是非谓语动词(Non-finite Verb)。

非谓语动词分为三类:不定式(infinitive)、动名词(gerund)和分词(participle)。其特点是:

1.不定式、动名词和分词可以做很多句子成分,但就是不能单独做谓语,这也是它们被称为"非谓语动词"的原因。

2.它们具有各种形态:原形、主动态、被动态、进行态和完成态。

3.不定式和动名词可以做主语、宾语、表语、补语等。但不管起什么作用,它们都具有动词的功能,但无语法上的动词性质,这一点可以通过它们不受主语的人称和数的限制体现出来。

4.分词起形容词和副词作用,可做表语、定语、状语和复合结构中的复合宾语,但不能做主语和宾语。它也不受主语人称和数的限制。

不定式

1.结构

不定式的主动态是to do,其否定式是not to do,被动态是

to be done,进行态是to be doing,完成态是to have done.

例:1996年6月四级第24题

Sir Denis, who is 78, has made it known that much of his collection ______ to the nation.

A) has left B) is to leave C) leaves D) is to be left

结合选项来看,全句的意思:"78岁的丹尼斯爵士已经向众人宣布他的许多收藏品将留给国家".收藏品是"被留给国家",因此需要一个被动式做宾语,所以答案是D) is to be left.

2.不定式做主语

例:1995年1月四级第55题

It is not unusual for workers in that region _________.

A) to be paid more than a month later B) to be paid later than more a month

C) to pay later than a month more D) to pay later more than a month

it 在句中作形式主语。而不定式to be paid more than a month 是句子的逻辑主语。结合选项全句的意思是:"那个地方的工人一个

多月后才得到工资是常有的事",答案是A)。

3. 不定式做补足语的用法

不定式做补足语时,如果和主语是主谓关系,就用不定式的主

动式,如果是动宾关系,就用被动式;如果动作时间和谓语动词同时发生,就用不定式的一般式。如果动作时间发生在谓语动作之前,就用不定式的完成式。

1)不定式做主语补足语

例:1996年6月四级第37题

The ancient Egyptians are supposed _________ rockets to the moon.

A) to send B) to be sending

C) to have sent D) to have been sending

在本句中,send 为短暂性动词,不能用进行时态。所以B和D 两项错。A和C的区别在于不定式的时态,句首表示时间概念的ancient表明不定式动作在句子谓语动作之前,不定式要用完成式,因而答案是C)。

2)不定式做宾语补足语

有些动词和短语可用不定式做宾语补足语,构成句型:主语+

谓语动词+宾语+不定式。

这样的动词有:advice, allow, announce, ask, assist, authorize, bear, beg, bribe, cause, mand, pel, condemn, deserve, direct, drive, enable, encourage, entitle, entreat, exhort, forbid, force, get, hate, help, implore, induce, inspire,

instruct, intend, invite, lead, leave, like, mean, need, oblige, order, permit, persuade, pray, prefer, press, prompt, pronounce, remend, remind, report, request, require, summon, teach, tell, tempt, urge, want, warn, wish.

这样的短语有:call on(请求), care for(关心), count on (依靠,指望), depend on(依赖、依靠), keep on at(困扰,

追问), long for(渴望), make out(分辨), vote for(选举), prevail on(说服), rely on(信赖), wait for(等待)。

还有一些动词和词组用不定式做宾语补足语时不带to,但在被动形式时,其宾语补足语不定式必须带to.这样的动词和词组有:feel, have, hear, let, make, notice, observe, overhear, see, watch, listen to, look at.

例:1998年1月四级第44题

They are going to have the serviceman __________ an electric fan in the office tomorrow.

A) install B) to install C) to be installed D) installed

全句的意思是:"他们准备让服务人员明天在办公室里装一台电扇".这里是"have sb. do sth."的句型,是主动语态,因此,have 后接不带to的不定式做宾与补足语,所以答案是A) install.

8. 不定式做宾语

大部分动词可加不定式做宾语。一些动词,特别是系动词,如appear, chance, e, fail, get, happen, manage, prove, seem, tend, turn out等,后面接不定式,形式上是宾语,实际是一种复合结构

句型,除人、物做主语外,还可用it做主语,所跟to be可省略。

例:1997年1月四级第25题

There is a man at the reception desk who seems very angry and I think he means _________ trouble.

A) making B) to make C) to have made D) having made

全句的意思是:"服务台那里有一个人,看上去很气愤,我想他是存心要找麻烦。"动词mean在本句中的意思是"打算",相当于intend to do something,后面只能接动词不定式做宾语。所以答案

是B) to make.动词mean后面接名词和动名词时,意思是"表示……的意思、意味着",所以选项A 和 D错误。另外不定式的完成式表示该动作应在谓语动作之前发生,这和本句的意思不符合,所以选项C 也不正确。

例:1997年1月四级第42题

I"d rather read than watch television; the programs seem __________ all the time.

A) to get worse C) to have got worse

B) to be getting worse D) getting worse

动词seem后应接不定式做宾语;词组all the time的意思是"始终、一直",相当于continuously,因此句中相应的动词一般要用进行式。全句的意思是"我宁愿看书也不愿意看电视,电视节目好象越来越差了。"可见,答案是B) to be getting worse.

9. 不定式做定语

不定式做定语时,与中心词之间在逻辑上有多种关系,其中可能是互相修饰关系。也就是:不定式修饰中心词;不定式短语末的介词与中心词组成介词短语,修饰不定式。这些动词不定式可能是及物的(带宾语),也可能是不及物的,要特别注意不要漏掉不定式短语末的介词。很多名词后可接不定式做定语,如ability, ambition, anxiety, attempt, campaign, chance, courage, decision, determination, drive(动力), effort, force, inclination, intention, method, motive, movement, need, opportunity, pressure, reason, right(权力), struggle, tendency, wish, anything, anyone, everything, everyone, nothing, no one, something, some one等。这类名词通常表示抽象概念,后面用动词不定式做定语,表示该名词的具体内容。在这种结构中,不能用分词形式。还要注意,如果不定式中的动词是不及物动词,则不定式后要加介词,因为此时不定式与其修饰的名词实质上有动宾关系。

例:1994年1月第63题

Could you find someone________?

A) for me to play tennis with B) for me to play tennis C) play tennis with D) playing tennis

请你找个人来和我打网球。答案是A.

做定语的不定式也可能解释中心词的内容。请看下例:

例:1997年6月四级第47题

The pressure________causes Americans to be energetic, but it also puts them under a constant emotional strain.

A) to pete C) to be peted B) peting D) having peted

结合选项看,全句的意思是:"竞争的压力使美国人精力充沛,但也使他们的精神始终处于紧张状态。"名词pressure后应加不定式做定语,说明"pressure"的内容。因此本题答案是A) to pete.选项B) peting是现在分词;D) having peted现在分词的完成式,都不符合语法规定。选项C) to be peted中的Compete是不及物动词,不能用被动语态,所以这三个选项都不正确。

介词+关系代词+不定式可以做定语用,这种用法是一种正式的表达法。我们看下面这个例子:

例:1995年6月四级第50题

You will want two trees about ten feet apart, from _____ to suspend your tent.

A) there B) them C) which D) where

全句的意思是:"你将需要两棵相距约10英尺的树来挂你的帐篷".

本句中只有which是关系代词,因此答案是C.

10. 不定式做状语

例:1995年1月四级第48题

________ a teacher in a university, it is necessary to have at least a master"s degree.

A) To bee B) Bee C) One bees D) On being

答案是A) To bee.

11. 介词后的不定式

介词后接不定式只见于少数场合:but后面通常接带to的不定式,包括do nothing but,can not but,can not help but,have no choice but等等。

例:1996年1月四级第24题

That was so serious a matter that I had no choice but ____ the police.

A) called in B) calling in C) call in D) to call in

在本句中have no choice but要后接带to的不定式,意思是"只能……别无选择".全句意思:"那件事事关重大,我别无选择,只好请警察来".答案是D) to call in.

动名词

1. 动名词,顾名思义,具有双重作用:它既有动词的作用(后面可加自己的宾语),又有名词的作用(可以做句子的主语、宾语等)。

2. 动名词做宾语

1)有些动词只能接动名词做宾语,而不能接不定式。这是考

试中常见的考点。请大家务必多练多用多读多说,尽量培养语感,这比单纯死记硬背这些枯燥的词汇要容易得多。

这些动词是:acknowledge, advice, admit, anticipate, appreciate, avoid, allow, bear, can"t help, cease, mence, plete, confess, delay, deny, discourage, detest, dread, endure, enjoy, envy, escape, excuse, fancy, favor, figure, finish, imagine, involve, justify, keep, mind, miss, permit, postpone, practice, quit, recall, repent, require, resent, resume, risk, save等等。

例:1995年6月四级第42题

Mark often attempts to escape _______ whenever he breaks traffic regulations.

A) having been fined B) to have been fined C) to be fined D) being fined

动词escape后接动名词,不能接不定式,所以先排除了B和C.全句的意思是:"每当马克违反交通规则式,他常常企图逃避罚款".fine是及物动词,在这里要用被动语态;而且,句子讲的是经常性动作,应当用一般时态,因此,答案是D.

例:1998年6月四级第49题(同1997年12月四级第37题)

People appreciate with him because he has a good sense of humor.

A) to work B) to have worked C) working D) having working

全句的意思是:因为他很有幽默感,所以大家喜欢和他一起工作。根据句意,动名词动作与句子谓语动作并无时间上的先后,必须用动名词一般时态。答案是C.

2)凡是动词+介词、名词+介词或形容词+介词形成的词组,都要求接动名词做宾语,因为所有介词后的动词都要使用动名词形式。

例:1998年6月四级第46题

He gives people the impression ____________ all his life abroad.

A) of having spend B) to have spent

C) of being spent D) to spent

全句的意思是"他给人的印象是他的一生都在国外度过".这是

名词+介词+动名词(短语)的形式。答案是A. 也就是说,"名词+ of +动名词"结构表示特指的、具体的、单一的、所属的机会或习惯,而名词接不定式形式只表示有某种机会或习惯,指客观现实。

3)满足句型"it is +名词或形容词+动名词"和句型"动词+ it +形容词或名词+动名词"的形容词和名词有:good, no good, nuisance, no use, senseless, use, useless, waste, worthwhile.

例:Do you think it worthwhile investing a large sum of money in this project?(你认为向该项目大量投资值得吗?)

4)有些动词后既可加不定式,也可加动名词,但用法不同,意义也不同。注意remember, forget, stop, regret, go on, afford, attempt, try, 等单词的用法。

例如: afford (a) can (not) afford / be (not) able to afford + to do:经受得/不起,负担得/不起。后面一般加表示时间、金钱方面的内容。

例:We can"t afford to buy this house because we won"t make the ends meet.(我们买不起这房子,因为我们将入不敷出。

(b) afford + doing:提供

例:The bill is a measure necessary to afford protecting labor.(这条法案是提供劳工保护的必要措施。)

deserve, need, require, want

这几个词的共同特点是:它们后面既可加不定式,也可加动名词,意义相同。但是,表示被动时,动名词依然使用主动形式,不定式则变成被动形式。其中,这几个词后面加动名词的格式是常考项目之一。

例:1997年6月四级第48题

Your hair wants _________. You"d better have it done tomorrow.

A) cut B) to cut C) cutting D) being cut

本题的want等于need,是一种口语习惯用法,后面接动名词主动形式表被动。此时,动名词和主语之间是动宾关系。本句的意思是:"你的头发该理了,明天就去理。"因此,本题答案是C) cutting.选项A)的cut是过去分词,可以用在want后面,但只能做宾语补足语。选项B) to cut是动词不定式的主动形式,与want连用时表示谓语动词主体的一种愿望,放在本句中显然意思不通。头发怎么会有什么愿望呢? D) being cut与语法规定不相符,因为使用动名词时要求用主动形式。所以这三个选项都不是正确答案。

注意

bear的用法与这几个词类似,但表示被动时,它后面加动名词时的形式与上述几个词不同。

例:She can"t bear being looked down upon by others.(她无法容忍被人瞧不起。)

She can"t bear to be looked down upon by others.(她无法容忍被人瞧不起。)

She can"t bear looking down upon others.(她无法容忍瞧不起别人(的行为)。)

此时,例句一被动形式中的动名词要用being looked down,以免与例句三的主动表示相混淆。

dislike, dread, hate, like, love, prefer

这些词加动名词时,表示喜欢或讨厌一般性、习惯性或发生过的某事、某物;加不定式时,表示喜欢或讨厌的、偶然一次的、打算做的某事、某物。

prefer的用法稍微复杂一点,它后面加不定式还是加动名词通常是由它的固定结构或习惯用法决定的。常见的结构是:would prefer + to do(更想做某事); prefer doing A to doing B(比

起做B来说,更喜欢做A.特别注意:这里的比较使用的不是than,而是to)。

forget, neglect, regret, remember

这几个词的共同特点是:它们后面加不定式时,表示记得、忘记、遗憾、忽略要做或应该做的事,总之是还没有做的事;而加动名词时,表示记得、忘记、遗憾、忽略所做的事,也就是已经发生了、已经做了的事。

例:1996年1月四级第40题

If I had remembered ________ the window, the thief would not have got in.

A) to close B) closing C) to have closed D)having closed

本句的意思是:"我要是记得把窗子关起来的话,小偷就进不来了。"remember后接动名词表示记得过去曾做过某事,接不定式则表示记得要做某事。本句说的是:"记得把窗子关起来".因此A)to close 是答案。有些考生误选了C) to have closed.注意remember后面

不能用动词不定式的完成式。至于选项B) closing,因为这里"关

窗子"这件事"我"并没有做,所以是不对的。

例:1993年6月四级第61题

Mr. Johnson preferred _____ heavier work to do.

A) to be given B) to be giving

C) to have given D) having given

prefer后面的动名词或动词不定式的动作主体就是句子的主语。动词give一般要有双宾语,而句子里并无give的间接宾语(给谁),因此全句意思应是:"约翰逊先生宁可有(被给予)更重的活干".可见,答案是A) to be given.

stop stop to do表示停止前文说的那件事,去做另一件事。

stop doing表示停止做正在做的一件事。

例:The professor asked us to stop to discuss.(教授让我们停下来,开始讨论。言外之意是,我们正在做的事不是讨论,而是,例如阅读一篇材料,然后教授让我们停止阅读,开始讨论。)

The professor asked us to stop discussing.(教授让我们停止讨论。言外之意是我们正在做的事是讨论。)

从某种程度上说,stop 和continue的用法很相似。

3.动词出现在介词后面是大多是情况下是以动名词而不是以不定式的形式出现,要特别注意:admit to(承认),approach to(方法),contribute to(起作用),confess to(承认),resort to (求助于),reconcile to(顺从于),revert to(重新开始),submit to(忍受),swear to(断言),take to (开始从事),be used to(习惯于),look forward to(盼望),oppose to (反对),中的to都是介词而不是不定式符号。

例:1991年6月四级第48题

The match was cancelled because most of the members ______ a match without a standard court.

最新英语非谓语动词用法总结(完整)

最新英语非谓语动词用法总结(完整) 一、单项选择非谓语动词 1.Students surf the internet _______ more information about the university they are dreamt of. A.found B.finding C.having found D.to find 【答案】D 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:学生们上网是为了找到他们理想大学的更多的信息。此处表示目的用不定式,指上网的目的。故选D。 2.Look over there! There is a long, winding path ________ up to the house. A.lead B.leading C.led D.to lead 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意:看那边!有一条长长的蜿蜒小路通向那所房子。分析句式可知,这是个there be 句型,因此,此处用非谓语动词,path与lead是主动关系,因此用现在分词,故选B。 3.______ to nuclear radiation, even for a short time, may influence genes in human bodies. A.Having exposed B.Being exposed C.To expose D.Exposed 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】 考查动名词。句意:暴露于核辐射中甚至很短时间都会影响人体的基因。分析句子成分发现even for a short time是插入语,may influence是谓语,前面的部分应该是主语,be exposed to“暴露于”,要用动名词Being exposed to。故B选项正确。 4.The lecture, _______at 7:00 pm last night, was followed by an observation of the moon with telescopes. A.starting B.being started C.to start D.to be started 【答案】A 【解析】 选A start与逻辑主语the lecture之间为主动关系,故排除B、D两项。不定式作定语时,常表示动作尚未发生,故排除C项,此处用现在分词作后置定语,表示主动。 第四步:根据与谓语动词的先后关系确定时态 非谓语动词表示的动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前用过去分词或v.-ing形式/不定式的

非谓语动词用法归纳语法

非谓语动词用法归纳 一、表格的用法 1. doing 的用法 (1)在要求动词后(作宾语):avoid 避免appreciate 感激/欣赏acknowledge 承认/自 认admit 承认advocate 提倡/ 主张consider 考虑can't help 不禁can't stand 受不了contemplate 细想complete 完成confess 坦白dislike 不喜欢,讨厌deserve 值得delay 延迟deny 否认dread 可怕defer 拖延detest 嫌恶enjoy 享有/喜爱envy 嫉妒endure 忍受excuse 借口escape 逃跑/ 逃避finish 完成forgive 原谅fancy 幻想/ 爱好favor 造成/ 偏爱figure 描绘/ 计算hate 讨厌imagine 设想involve 卷入/ 包含keep 保持miss 错过mention 说到/ 讲到mind 介意pardon 原谅/ 饶恕permit 允许postpone 推迟practice 实行/实践prevent 阻止quit 放弃停止risk 冒险recall 回想resist 抵抗/ 阻止resume 恢复repent 悔悟resent 怨恨stand 坚持/ 忍受suggest 建议save 营救/ 储蓄tolerate 忍受

worth 值得 You should try to avoid making mistakes. The book is worth reading. The book deserves reading. (2)表进行 Walking on the grassland, I saw a snake.=When I was walking on the grassland, I saw a snake. The man speaking English is Tom. = The man who is speaking English is Tom. (3)表主动 The man speaking English is Tom = The man who speaks English is Tom. = The man who spoke English is Tom. Nobody dinks boiling water but boiled water.= Nobody dinks water that is boiling but the water that has boiled. (4)表伴随 I stand outside waiting for Mr. Chen. I lie in bed reading a novel. (5)表性质;特点 The film is very moving. She is understanding, so you had better discuss your business with her. 6)概括性, 一般性 Climbing mountain is very interesting.

非谓语动词用法讲解

非谓语动词讲解 1. 动词不定式 (1)动词不定式的构成: 不定式的基本形式为:to+动词原形,有时可以不用to,这里的to是不定式符号,本身无词义,动词不定式的否定形式是not+(to+)动词原形。 (2)动词不定式的句法功能: 1)不定式作主语 动词不定式作主语时,常用it作形式主语,而将真正的主语放在句末,其结构为:It + be + adj. +(for/of sb.)+动词不定式。如: To learn English well is useful.→It is useful to learn English well.

学好英语很有用。 It’s important for us to protect the environment. 保护环境对我们来说很重要。 注意:在kind,good,nice,clever等表示人的品质的形容词后,不用for而用of。如: It’s very kind of you to help me.你帮助我真是太好啦。 It’s very clever of you to do like that.你那样做真是太聪明啦! 2)不定式作宾语 ①一些谓语动词后只能用不定式作宾语,常见的这类词是表示命令、打算或希望的,如:would like,like,want,wish,hope,decide,plan,expect等。 如:Would you like to see a film this evening? 你今晚想去看电影吗? ②在find,think后跟不定式作宾语时,常用it代替,而将真正的宾语放在句末。 如:I find it easy to read English every day.我发现每天读英语很容易。 ③常见的一些不带to的动词不定式 why not do...,why don’t you do...,had better(not) do...,would rather do,could/would/will you please(not) do... 如:I would rather stay in the room.我宁愿待在房间里。 3)不定式作宾语补足语 不定式作宾语补足语时与宾语有逻辑上的主谓关系。如:tell,ask,want,allow,get,would like,encourage 后常跟动词不定式作宾语补足语。 如:Lucy asked him to turn down the radio.露西让他关小收音机。 My mother encourages me to learn Japanese.我妈妈鼓励我学日语。 注意: 还有一些使役动词和感官动词也用不定式作宾补,这时不定式要省略to。这些动词有:一感(feel)、二听(hear,listen to)、三让(let,make,have)、四看(look at,see,watch,notice),但变被动语态时,必须加上to。 如:My friends were made to work the whole night by the boss. 老板让我的朋友们工作了一整夜。 4)不定式作定语

高考英语非谓语动词用法总结(完整)

高考英语非谓语动词用法总结(完整) 一、单项选择非谓语动词 1.The rainforest is an amazing place, ________ with plants and animals that aren’t found anywhere else in the world. A.filling B.filled C.being filled D.to fill 【答案】B 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:热带雨林是一个令人惊讶的地方,充满了世界其他地方不能找到的动植物。固定词组:be filled with被……充满,此处place和fill之间是一种被动关系,所以用过去分词做伴随状态,故选B。 2.115.______ his love, Chris sent his mom a thank-you note on Mother’s Day. A.Expressing B.Expressed C.To express D.Having expressed 【答案】C 【解析】考查动词不定式。句意:为了表达他的爱,克里斯在母亲节那天给他的妈妈寄了一条感谢信。用不定式表目的,故选C。 3.After receiving the Oscar for Best Supporting Actress, Anne Benedict went on all the people who had helped in her career. A.to thank B.thanking C.having thanked D.to have thanked 【答案】A 【解析】 试题分析:句意:在获得奥斯卡最佳女配角后,Anne Benedict继续感谢所有帮助她演绎生涯的人。go on to do继续做不同的事情,所以选A。 考点:考查不定式 【名师点睛】不定式有一些具体的用法,可以做宾语,定语,状语。还有不定式的不同形式:to do;to be doing;to have done。这题要注意go on to do“继续做不同的事情”和go on doing“继续做相同的事情”的区别。结合语境是关键。 4.Pressed from his parents, and ____ that he has wasted too much time, the boy is determined to stop playing video games. A.realizing B.realized C.to realize D.being realized 【答案】A 【解析】 试题分析:考查非谓语动词的用法。句意:被父母迫使同时自己也意识到他已经浪费了太多时间,这个男孩决定停止玩电脑游戏。首先要弄清楚本句中的and连接的成分是非谓语

非谓语动词用法归纳

否定形式: not +不定式,not + 动名词,not + 现在分词

1.不定式与动名词作主语得区别 (1)动名词作主语通常表示抽象动作;而不定式作主语表示具体动作。 smoking is prohibited(禁止)here.这里禁止抽烟。(抽象) it is not very good for you to smoke so much.您抽这么多烟对您身体很不好。(具体) (2)动名词作主语时,通常用以表示一件已知得事或经验。

不定式短语通常用来表示一件未完成得事或目得。 climbing mountains is interesting.爬山很有趣。(经验) driving a car during the rush hour is tiring.在高峰时刻开车令人厌烦。(经验) (3)不定式做主语,一般用it当形式主语,把作主语得不定式短语后置。 it took me only five minutes to finish the job、 动名词或不定式都可以在句中作主语,但在下列句型中常用动名词作主语。 it is / was no use / good + doing sth、 it is / was not any use / good + doing sth、 it is / was of little use / good + doing sth、 it is / was useless doing sth、 it is no use crying over spilt milk、覆水难收。 it is of little good staying up too late every day、 每天都熬夜没有什么好处 2.不定式与动名词作宾语得区别 英语中大多数动词既可跟不定式,也可跟动名词作直接宾语,但有些动词要求: (1)不定式做宾语与宾语补足语 1)下面得动词要求不定式做宾语 afford, agree, arrange, choose, decide, hope, expect, offer, plan, promise, determine, demand, manage, fail, prepare, refuse, pretend, seem 常跟不定式作宾语得动词歌诀: 三个希望两答应,两个要求莫拒绝, 设法学会做决定,不要假装在选择。 hope; wish; want ; agree; promise demand; ask; refuse manage; learn; decide pretend ; choose 想要拒绝命令,需要努力学习,期望同意帮助,希望决定开始。

非谓语动词用法分析说明

非谓语动词用法分析说明 非谓语动词主要包括不定式、动名词和现在分词。为了区分这三种不同的非谓语动词的用法和含义,我们将分别从三种非谓语动词在句子中做主语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语、状语、表语以及一些特殊结构句型等角度来区分其用法和细微含义。 1.不定式和动名词作主语的区别 (1)动名词作主语通常表示抽象动作;而不定式作主语表示具体动作。 Smoking is prohibited(禁止)here.这里禁止抽烟。(抽象) It is not very good for you to smoke so much.你抽这么多烟对你身体很不好。(具体) (2)动名词作主语时,通常用以表示一件已知的事或经验。 不定式短语通常用来表示一件未完成的事或目的。 Climbing mountains is interesting.爬山很有趣。(经验) Driving a car during the rush hour is tiring.在高峰时刻开车令人厌烦。(经验) (3)不定式做主语,一般用it当形式主语,把作主语的不定式短语后置。 It took me only five minutes to finish the job. 2.不定式、动名词和分词作表语的区别 (1)不定式作表语 1)不定式作表语一般表示具体动作,特别是表示将来的动作。 To do two things at a time is to do neither.--次做两件事等于未做。 What I would suggest is to start work at once.我的建议是立刻开始干。 (2)如果主语是不定式(表示条件),表语也是不定式(表示结果)。 To see is to believe.百闻不如一见。 To work means to earn a living.工作就是为了生活。 (3)如果主语是以aim,duty,hope,idea,happiness,job,plan,problem,purpose,thing,wish等为中心的名词,或以what引导的名词性从句,不定式作表语是对主语起补充说明作用。 His wish is to buy a luxurious car in the near future.他的希望是在不远的将来买一辆豪华轿车。 The function of Louis Sullivan's architecture was to provide large uninterrupted floor areas and to allow ample light into the interior. The most important thing is to negotiate with them about the future of the plant. (4)动名词作表语:动名词作表语,表示抽象的一般性的行为。 Our work is serving the people.我们的工作是为人民服务。 His hobby is collecting stamps.他的爱好是集邮。英语暑假学习 注:动名词作表语时与进行时态中的现在分词形式相同,但其所属结构迥异,进行时态说明动作是由主语完成的。动名词做表语,说明主语的性质或情况。

非谓语动词用法详解

非谓语动词用法详解 动词的非谓语形式有三种:不定式、动名词和分词 (一)不定式 不定式由“to十动词原形”构成,其否定形式是“not to do”.不定式可以带宾语或状语构成不定式短语,没有人称和数的变化,但有时态和语态的变化.不定式可作主语、宾语、状语、表语和定语,但不能单独作谓语.不定式的逻辑主语有时用“for十名词或代词宾格”构成. 1.不定式的用法: l)作主语.不定式短语作主语时,往往放在谓语之后,用it作形式主语.例如: To see is to believe. It is right to give up smoking. 2)作宾语.不定式短语作宾语时,如果还带有宾语补足语。往往把不定式宾语放在宾语补足语之后,而用it作形式宾语.例如: He wanted to go. I find it interesting to study work with him. 3)作宾语补足语.例如: He asked me to do the work with him. 注意:在feel,hear,listen to,look at,notice, observe,see,watch,have, let,make等词后的补足语中,不定式不带to.但是这些句子如果变成被动结构时,就必须带to.例如 I often hear him sing the song. He is often heard to sing the song. 注意:不定式动词在介词but,except,besides后面时,如果这些介词之前有行为动词do的各种形式,那么,这些介词后的不定式不带to,否则要带to.如: She could do nothing but cry. What do you like to do besides swim? I have no choice but to go. 动词help之后,带to或不带to都可以。 Will you please help me (to) take this suitcase? 请你帮我提一下这个衣箱好吗?She often helps her mother (to) clean their house. 她经常帮助她妈妈打扫房子。 4)作定语.例如: I have some books for you to read. 注①作定语的不定式如果是不及物动词,或者不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点、工具等,不定式后面须有相应的介词.例如: He is looking for a room to live in. There is nothing to worry about.

非谓语动词用法归纳(语法)

一、表格的用法 1.doing 的用法 (1)在要求动词后(作宾语):avoid避免appreciate 感激/欣赏acknowledge承认/自认admit 承认advocate 提倡/主张consider 考虑can't help不禁can't stand受不了contemplate细想complete完成confess坦白dislike 不喜欢,讨厌deserve值得delay延迟deny否认dread可怕defer拖延detest嫌恶enjoy享有/喜爱envy嫉妒endure忍受excuse借口escape逃跑/逃避finish完成forgive原谅fancy幻想/爱好favor 造成/偏爱figure描绘/计算hate讨厌imagine设想involve卷入/包含keep保持miss错过mention说到/讲到mind 介意pardon原谅/饶恕permit允许postpone推迟practice 实行/实践prevent阻止quit放弃停止risk冒险recall回想resist抵抗/阻止resume恢复repent悔悟resent怨恨stand坚持/忍受suggest建议save营救/储蓄tolerate忍受worth值得You should try to avoid making mistakes. The book is worth reading. The book deserves reading. (2)表进行 Walking on the grassland, I saw a snake.=When I was walking on the grassland, I saw a snake. The man speaking English is Tom. = The man who is speaking English is Tom. (3)表主动 The man speaking English is Tom = The man who speaks English is Tom. = The man who spoke English is Tom. Nobody dinks boiling water but boiled water.= Nobody dinks water that is boiling but the water that has boiled. (4)表伴随 I stand outside waiting for Mr. Chen. I lie in bed reading a novel. (5)表性质;特点 The film is very moving. She is understanding, so you had better discuss your business with her. (6)概括性,一般性 Climbing mountain is very interesting. Driving a car during the rush hour is tiring.在高峰时刻开车令人厌烦。(概括性,一般性) Our work is serving the people. (7)动名词的逻辑主语为;①人称代词的所有格+动名词;②名词's+动名词。例如: Tom insisted on my going with them.他坚持要我和他们一起去。 He dislikes his wife's working late.他不喜欢他妻子工作得很晚。

(完整版)非谓语的用法总结

非谓语动词的用法总结 李靖 非谓语动词(不定式、动名词、分词)不是真正意义上的谓语动词,在句中都不能单独作谓语。但都具有动词的某些特点,可以有自己的宾语或状语,构成非谓语动词短语。不定式表目的,表将来;动名词表主动,表进行;过去分词表被动,表完成。 一.作主语( 动名词、不定式、过去分词前面加being, 动名词做主语谓语动词用单数) 1)不定式、动名词都可做主语,但是动名词做主语多指抽象的概念性的动作,可以是多次的经常的行为;不定式多表示具体的动作,尤其是某一次的动作。如: Playing with fire is dangerous. 玩火危险。(泛指玩火) To play with fire will be dangerous. 玩火会发生危险。 2)用动名词做主语的句型: It’s no use/no good/pleasure doing sth 做.......没有用处/好处/乐趣 It’s a waste of time doing sth 做.... 浪费时间 It is worth doing sth 值得做某事 It is no use crying over spilt milk. 覆水难收 It is worth making an appointment before you go. 去之前预约一下是值得的。 3)不定式做主语的句型. It is + adj +for sb to do sth. 比较:表示人的品质时只能用of sb 如considerate/kind/nice/foolish/stupid/rude/cruel /wise/clever/brave/selfish/crazy/good/careful/careless/impolite/right/wrong等单词出现 时。 It is silly of you to say so. It is important for us to learn English well. It is a must/ a necessity for us to have a good command of the English language. 4) “Wh- + to 不定式”可做主语。如: When to leave hasn’t been decided yet.什么时候动身还没定呢。 Whether to drive or take the train is still a problem.是自驾车还是乘火车仍是一个问题。 5)一般情况下,不定式和动名词作主语,谓语动词一般用单数形式。如: Seeing is believing.= To see is to believe 眼见为实。 . Planting flowers needs constant watering. 但and连接的多个动名词作主语,谓语动词大多用复数(如果前后动名词的语义一致, 谓语一般用单数)。如:Lying and stealing are immoral. 说谎与盗窃是不道德的。 6) 动名词前面可以加上形容词性物主代词构成动名词的复合结构。如: ----- What made him angry? ------ Mary’s /My/His/Her /Their/ The boy’s/ The president’s being late(made him angry. 7being,构成动名词,做主语。如: . Being examined twice a year , driver must obey in this city. 经典练习:

非谓语动词用法归纳(非常齐全)

it is / was no use / good + doing sth. it is / was not any use / good + doing sth. it is / was of little use / good + doing sth. it is / was useless doing sth. it is no use crying over spilt milk. 覆水难收。 it is of little good staying up too late every day. 每天都熬夜没有什么好处 2.不定式和动名词作宾语的区别 英语中大多数动词既可跟不定式,也可跟动名词作直接宾语,但有些动词要求: (1)不定式做宾语和宾语补足语 1)下面的动词要求不定式做宾语 afford, agree, arrange, choose, decide, hope, expect, offer, plan, promise, determine, demand, manage, fail, prepare, refuse, pretend, seem 常跟不定式作宾语的动词歌诀: 三个希望两答应,两个要求莫拒绝, 设法学会做决定,不要假装在选择。 hope; wish; want ; agree; promise demand; ask; refuse manage; learn; decide pretend ; choose 想要拒绝命令,需要努力学习,期望同意帮助,希望决定开始。

want ; refuse ; order need; try ; learn expect ; agree ; help hope ; wish ; decide ; begin ;start 2)下面的动词要求不定式做宾补:动词+宾语+动词不定式 ask要求,邀请get请,得到prompt促使 allow允许forbid禁止prefer喜欢,宁愿 announce宣布force强迫press迫使 bride 收买inspire鼓舞request请求 assist协助hate憎恶pronounce断定,表示 advise劝告exhort告诫,勉励pray请求 authorize授权,委托help帮助recommend劝告,推荐 bear容忍implore恳求remind提醒 beg请求induce引诱report报告 compel强迫invite吸引,邀请,summon传唤 command命令intend想要,企图show 显示 drive驱赶mean意欲,打算train训练 cause引起instruct指示require要求 deserve应受leave使,让tell告诉 direct指导like喜欢tempt劝诱 entitle有资格order命令warn告诫 enable使能够need需要urge激励,力说 encourage鼓励oblige不得不want想要 condemn指责,谴责lead引起,使得teach教

(精心整理)非谓语动词用法总结

非谓语动词用法总结 非谓语动词是历年高考英语的重要考点之一,同时也是较难掌握的难点之一。它贯穿于英语学习和考试过程的始终。但是,只要认真分析、透彻理解、看透本质、准确把握,就一定能在高考中运筹帷幄,游刃有余。 一.非谓语动词区别简表

二.不定式的用法 不定式不可作谓语,但它可以有自己的宾语、状语,构成不定式短语,在句中可以作主语、宾语、表语、定语(表用途)、状语或补足语。高考对不定式的考查主要有不定式的时态、语态、作用、否定、省略、连词+不定式等。 作主语 不定式作主语表示具体的动作,通常指一件已知的事或目的。 不定式作主语时,谓语动词用单数。 eg:To say is a thing,to do is another.(说是一回事,做是另外一回事。)

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