TEM8-2专八翻译
专八翻译
高等院校英语专业八级翻译考试试题答案SECTION A 原文中国科技馆的诞生来之不易。
与国际著名科技馆和其他博物馆相比，它先天有些不足，后天也常缺乏营养，但是它成长的步伐却是坚实而有力的。
它在国际上已被公认为后起之秀。
世界上第一代博物馆属于自然博物馆，它是通过化石、标本等向人们介绍地球和各种生物的演化历史。
第二代属于工业技术博物馆，它所展示的是工业文明带来的各种阶段性结果。
这两代博物馆虽然起到了传播科学知识的作用，但是，它们把参观者当成了被动的旁观者。
世界上第三代博物馆是充满全新理念的博物馆。
在这里，观众可以自己去动手操作，自己细心体察。
这样，他们可以更贴近先进的科学技术，去探索科学技术的奥妙。
中国科技馆正是这样的博物馆！它汲取了国际上一些著名博物馆的长处，设计制作了力学、光学、电学、热学、声学、生物学等展品，展示了科学的原理和先进的科技成果。
参考译文： The first generation of museums are what might be called natural museums which,by means of fossils, specimens and other objects, introduced to people the evolutionary history of the Earth and various kinds of organisms. The second generation are those of industrial technologies which presented the fruits achieved by industrial civilization at different stages of industrialization. Despite the fact that those two generations of museums helped to disseminate / propagate / spread scientific knowledge , they nevertheless treated visitors merely as passive viewers.The third generation of museums in the world are those replete with / full of wholly novel concepts / notions / ideas. In those museums, visitors are allowed to operate the exhibits with their own hands, to observe and to experience carefully. By getting closer to the advanced science and technologies in this way, people can probe into their secret mysteries.The China Museum of Science and Technology is precisely one of such museums. It has incorporated some of the most fascinating features of those museums with international reputation. Having designed and created exhibits in mechanics, optics, electrical science, thermology , acoustics, and biology, those exhibits demonstrate scientific principles and present the most advanced scientific and technological achievements.八级汉译英考题 / 样题（ 1 ）原文：人是一个非常复杂的矛盾体。
TEM8 专八翻译英译汉
2009我们——人类这一物种，正面临全球性的危机，即我们的文明受到了生存威胁。
尽管我们聚在一起探讨方案，但灾难仍在扩大，形势严峻。
希望仍在：如果我们大胆行动，果断抉择，迅速实施，就有能力解决这种危机。
虽然并不能完全解决问题，但能避免最糟糕的结果出现。
然而，许多世界领导人就像温斯顿·丘吉尔批评忽略阿道夫·希特勒威胁的欧洲政要一样：“他们走入了奇怪的悖论中，作决定时游移不定，下了决心行动却又信心不足，掌权者却又软弱无力。
”如今，我们又一次向我们星球脆薄的大气层倾倒了7000万吨的温室气体，把它当作一个天然排污处。
明天，随着温室气体吸收太阳越来越多的热量，我们将变本加厉破坏大气层。
2007科技的进步正在使我们能够探索到宇宙的最深处，物质的最基本成份和生命的奇迹。
同时，今天人类的活动及还没开始的活动，不仅危及到地球上的生命，同时还危害到地球的寿命。
全球化正使世界变得越来越小、越来越快、越来越富有。
尽管如此，9.11、禽流感及伊朗却惊醒我们——一个更小更快的世界并不意味着更安全。
我们正处于一个知识爆炸的世界——但迫切需要智慧。
如今，新闻采访的原声摘要播出变得越来越短，短信取代了小品文，个人生活变得暴躁不安分。
我们时代所需的是大学毕业生的深思能力。
出于以上所有理由，我过去相信——甚至今天更为强烈的相信——大学独一无二且不可替代的使命。
2006除了热血，辛劳，眼泪和汗水，我一无所有。
我们面临的是一场最最严峻的考验，一场旷日已久的挣扎和苦难。
你问我们的策略是什么？我要说的是这是一场发动海陆空的全面作战。
尽我们全力及上帝赐予我们的所有力量去战斗，同人类空前黑暗、可悲的罪恶史上的暴政作斗争。
你问我们的目标是什么？一言以蔽之，就是胜利。
我们要不惜一切代价夺取胜利——不惧一切恐怖夺取胜利——因为没有胜利，就没有生存。
让一切成为现实！没有生存就没有英帝国，没有生存就没有英帝国代表的一切，没有生存就没有几世纪以来人类朝向目标奋进的强烈渴望和脉动。
专业八级翻译参考译文
专业八级翻译参考译文Model Test 1SECTION A CHINESE TO ENGLISH[参考译文]Instead of harassing the monks, the tigers voluntarily stood guard at the gate of the temple. As a reward for it, the monks would place some edibles in front of the gate for the tigers to eat. Towards evening, when the setting sun had dyed half of the sky red, the tigers would come up to the gate in groups to eat their fill and then left slipping and jumping. The monks usually left the gate wide open while peacefully engaged in their daily routine of chanting Buddhist scripture inside the temple. Normally none of their came out to watch the tigers eat. Sometimes, however, one or two monks did appear standing at the gate, but the tigers would remain unalarmed and, taking the monks for their friends, did nothing to harm them. They just kept on eating unhurriedly until they finished and left. Sometimes, when they found，monks at the gate, they would whisk a way like the wind after uttering several thunderous roars.SECTION B ENGLISH TO CIINESE【参考译文】涉足爱河的青年男女常以爱情为砝码，而他们的父母更愿意他们选择有钱人。
专八翻译
专八翻译练习及参考译文Translate the underlined part of the text into English.1．在兽类中我最爱虎，在虎的故事中我最爱下面的一个。
深山中有一所古庙，几个和尚在那里过着单调的修行生活。
同他们做朋友的，除了有时上山来的少数乡下人外，就是几只猛虎。
虎不惊扰僧人，却替他们守护庙宇。
作为报酬，和尚把一些可吃的东西放在庙门前。
每天傍晚，夕阳染红小半个天空，虎们成群地走到庙门口，吃了东西，跳跃而去。
庙门大开，僧人们安然在庙内做他们的日课，也没有谁出去看虎怎样吃东西，即使偶尔有一二和尚立在门前，虎们亦视为平常的事情，把他们看做熟人，不去惊动，却斯斯文文地吃完走开。
如果看不见僧人，虎就发出几声长啸，随着几阵风飞腾而去。
2．光绪二十六年，八国联军攻占北京。
慈禧太后弃城而走，一直逃到西安。
和谈开始后，她并未马上返回北京。
起初，外国列强的要求里面有一项是让慈禧太后退位，由光绪帝重新执掌朝廷。
不过，在与李鸿章多次会谈后，他们放弃了这一要求。
第二年正式签署和约，随后过了一个月慈禧才终于从西安动身。
她对外国人万分惧怕，正像她对国人无比傲慢一样。
她在河南停留了很长一段时间，到了保定又逗留多日，好不容易才回到北京。
据野史记载，在这漫长的旅途中还发生了一件趣事。
一位地方官员送给慈禧一只猴子，她颇为高兴，竟下旨给那只猴子穿黄马褂。
后来太监报告说，有的官员发出了“人不如猴”的感慨，慈禧这才发现自己的决定有些荒唐，于是又下旨给随行官员每人一件黄马褂。
得到这殊荣之后，大家真不知道该感谢慈禧还是感谢那只猴子。
3. 中国对香港的政策是“一国两制”，这个原则不仅对香港经济发展有利，而且和中国本身的利益也是一致的。
我们不想使香港政府在过渡时期无法正常行使其职能，恰恰相反，我们希望它能有效地管理香港的事务，中英联合声明和建造新机场的谅解备忘录就是最好的保证。
至于1997年以后的，全国人民大会已通过了《中华人民共和国香港特别行政区基本法》。
TEM8-翻译必备
TEM-8翻译必备（1）把握大局：grasp the overall situation (2) 摆谱儿：put on airs;keep up appearances (3)白手起家: start from scratch (4)拜年：pay New Year call (5)班门弄斧：teach one's grandma to suck eggs (5)保质期：guarantee period (6)报销：apply for reimbursement (7)爆冷门：produce an unexpected answer(8)曝光：make public(9)奔小康：strive for a relatively comfortable life (10)闭门羹：given cold-shoulder（11）比上不足，比下有余：fall short of the best,but be better than the best (12)逼上梁山：be driven to drastic alternatives(13)变相涨价：disguised inflation(14)边远贫困地区：outlying poverty-stricken areas(15)边缘知识人：Marginal intellectuals (16)表面文章：Lip service;surface formality (17) 博导：Ph.D supervisor (18)补发拖欠的养脑筋：Clear up pension payments in arrears (19)不眠之夜：white night (20)菜鸟：green hand (21)产品科技含量technoligical element of a product(22)长江三角洲：Yangtze River delta (23)长江中下游：the middle and lower reaches of Changjiang River (24)超前消费:pre-mature consumption (25)城镇居民最低生活保障：a minimum standard of living for residents (26)城镇职工医疗保险制度：the system of medical insurance for urban workers (27)重复建设：buiding redundant project;duplication of similar projects (28)充值卡：rechargeable card (29)春运：passenger transport around the Chinese lunar new year (30)打破僵局：break the deadlock/stalemate(31)电脑盲：computer illiterate (32)点球：penalty kick (33)电视会议：video conference (34)电视直销：TV home shopping (35)定向培训：training for specific posts (36)动感电影：multidimensional movie (37)豆腐渣工程：jerry-built projects (38)对...毫无顾忌：make no bones about (39)夺冠：take the crown (40)政治多元化：political pluralism (41)服务行业：catering industry (42)复合型人才：inter-disciplinary talent (43)岗位培训：on-the-job training（44）高等教育自学考试：self-study higher education examination (45)高新技术产业开发区：high and new technological industrial development zone(46)各大菜系：major styles of cooking(47)各行各业：every walk of life (48)功夫不负有心人：Everything comes to him who waits(49)各尽其能：let each person do his best (50)公益活动：public welfare activities (51)工薪阶层：state employee;salaried person (52)过犹不及：going too far ia as bad as not going far enough (53)函授大学：correspondence university (54)好莱坞大片：Hollywood blockbuster(55)核心竞争力：core competitiveness (56)虎父无犬子：A wise goose never lays a tame leg (57)基本国情：fundamental realities of the country (58)激烈竞争：cut-throat competition (59)极限运动：maximal exercise/X-games(60)集中精力把经济建设搞上去：go all out for economic development (61)加班：work extra shifts (62)嘉宾:distinguished/honored guest (63)加快市场步伐：quicken the pace of marketization (64)假冒伪劣产品：counterfeit and shoddy products (65)减负：alleviate burdens on sb (66)江南水乡：the south of the lower reaches of the Yangtze River (67)教书育人：impart knowledgeand educate people (68)脚踏实地：be down-to-earth (69)解除劳动关系：sever labor relations (70)扩大内需：expand domestic demand (71)拉拉队：cheering squad(72)论文答辩：(thesis)oral defence(73)马到成功：achieve immediate victory (74)三维电影/动画片：three-dimensionalmovie/animation(75)森林覆盖率：forest coverage(76)社会保险机构：social security institutions (77)社会热点问题：hot spots of society (78)社会治安情况:law-and-order situation(79)申办城市：the bidding cities(80):身体素质：physical constitution（81）生计问题：bread-and-butter issue (82)生意兴隆：business flourishes (82)市场疲软：sluggish market (83)市政工程：municipal works/engineering(84)事业单位：public institution （85）试用期：probationary period(86)首创精神：pioneering spirit(87)手机充值：cellular phone replenishing(88)台湾同胞：Taiwan compatriots (89)脱贫致富：cast off poverty and set out on a road to prosperity (90)西部大开发：Development of the West Regions(91)新秀：up-and-coming star （92）学生处：students' affairs division(93)舆论导向：direction of public opinion(94)招生就业指导办公事：enrolment and vocation guidance office (95)支柱产业：pillar conerstone industry (96)中专生：secondary specialized or technical school student (97)专题报道：special coverage (98)《阿Q正传》:The True Story of Ah Q (99)《春秋》:Spring and Autumn Annals (100)知识产权：intellectual property rights。
TEM8英翻汉翻译模拟题
TEM8英翻汉翻译模拟题（1）原文Four months before the election day, five men gathered in a small conference room at the Reagan-Bush headquarters and reviewed anoversize calendar that marked the remaining days of the 1984 presidential campaign. It was the last Saturday in June and at ten o'clock in the morning the rest of the office was practically deserted. Even so, the men kept the door shut and the drapes carefully drawn. The three principals and their two deputies had come from around the country for a critical meeting. Their aim was to devise a strategy that would guarantee Ronald Reagan's resounding reelection to a second term in the White House.It should have been easy. These were battle-tested veterans with long ties to Reagan and even longer ones to the Republican party, men whounder stood presidential politics as well as any in the country. The backdrop of the campaign was hospitable, with lots of good news to work with: America was at peace, and the nation's economy, a key factor in any election, was rebounding vigorously after recession. Furthermore the campaign itself was lavishly financed, with plenty of money for atop flight staff, travel, and television commercials. And, most important, their candidate was Ronald Reagan, a president of tremendous personal popularity and dazzling communication skills. Reagan has succeeded more than any president since John. F. Kennedy in projecting a broad vision of America -a nation of renewed military strength, individual initiative, and smaller federal government.TEM8英翻汉翻译模拟题（1）参考译文在离选举日还有四个月的时间，有五个人聚集在里根－布什总部的一个小型会议室里，翻着看一张硕大无比的日历，日历上清晰地标识出了1984年总统竞选剩下的日子。
历年英语专业八级翻译真题及参考译文
历年英语专业八级翻译真题及参考译文历年英语专业八级翻译真题及参考译文（1995—2006 + 2007）1995年专8翻译部分参考译文C-E原文：简.奥斯丁的小说都是三五户人家居家度日，婚恋嫁娶的小事。
因此不少中国读者不理解她何以在西方享有那么高的声誉。
但一部小说开掘得深不深，艺术和思想是否有过人之处，的确不在题材大小。
有人把奥斯丁的作品比作越咀嚼越有味道的橄榄。
这不仅因为她的语言精彩，并曾对小说艺术的发展有创造性的贡献，也因为她的轻快活泼的叙述实际上并不那么浅白，那么透明。
史密斯夫人说过，女作家常常试图修正现存的价值秩序，改变人们对“重要”和“不重要”的看法。
也许奥斯丁的小说能教我们学会转换眼光和角度，明察到“小事”的叙述所涉及的那些不小的问题。
参考译文：However, subject matter is indeed not the decisive factor by which we judge a novel of its depth as well as (of ) its artistic appeal and ideological content (or: as to whether a novel digs deep or not or whether it excels in artistic appeal and ideological content). Some people compare Austen’s works to olives: themore you chew them, the more tasty (the tastier) they become. This comparison is based not only on (This is not only because of ) her expressive language and her creative contribution to the development of novel writing as an art, but also on (because of ) the fact that what hides behind her light and lively narrative is something implicit and opaque (not so explicit and transparent). Mrs. Smith once observed, women writers often sought (made attempts) to rectify the existing value concepts (orders) by changing people’s opinions on what is “important” and what is not.E-C原文I, by comparison, living in my overpriced city apartment, walking to work past putrid sacks of street garbage, paying usurious taxes to local and state governments I generally abhor, I am rated middle class. This causes me to wonder, do the measurement make sense? Are we measuring only that which is easily measured--- the numbers on the money chart --- and ignoring values more central to the good life?For my sons there is of course the rural bounty of fresh-grown vegetables, line-caught fish and the shared riches of neighbours’ orchards and gardens. There is the unpaid baby-sitter for whose children my daughter-in-law baby-sits in return, and neighbours who barter their skills and labour. But more than that, how do you measure serenity? Sense if self?I don’t want to idealize life in small places. There are times when the outside world intrudes brutally, as when the cost ofgasoline goes up or developers cast their eyes on untouched farmland. There are cruelties, there is intolerance, there are all the many vices and meannesses in small places that exist in large cities. Furthermore, it is harder to ignore them when they cannot be banished psychologically to another part of town or excused as the whims of alien groups --- when they have to be acknowledged as “part of us.”Nor do I want to belittle the opportunities for small decencies in cities --- the eruptions of one-stranger-to-another caring that always surprise and delight. But these are,sadly,more exceptions than rules and are often overwhelmed by the awful corruptions and dangers that surround us.参考译文：对我的几个儿子来说，乡村当然有充足的新鲜蔬菜，垂钓来的鱼，邻里菜园和果园里可供分享的丰盛瓜果。
英语专业八级翻译真题(1998年
TEM-8 翻译部分英语专业八级翻译真题（1998年——2007年）第一部分汉译英Passage 1.( 1998年)1997年2月24日我们代表下榻日月潭中信大饭店，送走了最后一批客人，已是次日凌晨3点了。
我躺在床上久久不能入睡，披衣走到窗前，往外看去，只见四周群峦叠翠，湖面波光粼粼。
望着台湾这仅有的景色如画的天然湖泊，我想了许多，许多……这次到台湾访问交流，虽然行程匆匆，但是，看了不少地方，访了旧友，交了新知，大家走到一起，谈论的一个重要话题就是中华民族在21世纪的强盛。
虽然祖国大陆、台湾的青年生活在不同的社会环境中，有着各自不同的生活经历，但大家的内心都深国统一大业的早日完成。
世纪之交的宝贵机遇和巨大挑战把青年推到了历史的前台。
跨世纪青年一代应该用什么样的姿态迎接充满希望的新世纪，这是我们必须回答的问题。
日月潭水波不兴，仿佛与我一同在思索……Passage 2.( 1999年)加拿大的温哥华1986年刚刚度过百岁生日，但城市的发展令世界瞩目。
以港立市，以港兴市，是许多港口城市生存发展的道路。
经过百年开发建设，有着天然不冻良港的温哥华，成为举世闻名的港口城市，同亚洲、大洋洲、欧洲、拉丁美洲均有定期班轮，年货物吞吐量达到8，000万吨，全市就业人口中有三分之一从事贸易与运输行业。
温哥华（Vancouver）的辉煌是温哥华人智慧和勤奋的结晶，其中包括多民族的贡献。
加拿大地广人稀，国土面积比中国还大，人口却不足3000万。
吸收外来移民，是加拿大长期奉行的国策。
可以说，加拿大除了印第安人外，无一不是外来移民，不同的只是时间长短而已。
温哥华则更是世界上屈指可数的多民族城市。
现今180万温哥华居民中，有一半不是在本地出生的，每4个居民中就有一个是亚洲人。
而25万华人对温哥华的经济转型起着决定性的作用。
他们其中有一半是近5年才来到温哥华地区的，使温哥华成为亚洲以外最大的中国人聚居地。
Passage 3.( 2000年)中国科技馆的诞生来之不易。
TEM8-2专八翻译
句序的调整
• 二、英汉语复合句中的逻辑顺序的调整
1．表示因果关系的英语复合句中，因果顺序灵活， 在汉语中多数情况是原因在前，结果在后。 He had to stay in bed because he was ill．（后置） 因为他病了，他只好呆在床上。（前置）
一、定语位置的调整
• 2．短语作定语。
英语中，修饰名词的短语一般放在名词之后，而 汉语则反之，但间或也有放在后面的，视汉语习 惯而定。 their attempt to cross the river（后置）
他们渡江的企图（前置）
the decimal system of counting（后置）
句序的调整
• 2．表示条件（假设）与结果关系的英语复合句中， 条件（假设）与结果的顺序也不固定，在汉语中 则是条件在前，结果在后。 I still hope you will come back if arrangements could be made．（后置） 如果安排得好，我还是希望你来。（前置）
Homework 2
• 船摇晃，颠簸；一会儿翘起尾，一会又昂 起头；辗转滚动，呼号呻吟。我们在舱面 时，就得抓住东西；我们到舱下去，就得 紧贴着床铺，时时刻刻提心吊胆，全身紧 张。
Reference for homework 2
• 船摇晃，颠簸；一会儿翘起尾，一会又昂起头； 辗转滚动，呼号呻吟。我们在舱面时，就得抓住 东西；我们到舱下去，就得紧贴着床铺，时时刻 刻提心吊胆，全身紧张。 • The ship tossed, pitched. she stood on her head, she sat on her tail, she rolled, she groaned, and we had to hold on while on deck and cling to our bunks when below, in a constant effort of body and worry of mind.
TEM8的翻译
全国英语专业八级考试（TEM8）的翻译部分（汉译英）原文全文如下：得病以前，我受父母宠爱，在家中横行霸道，一旦隔离，拘禁在花园山坡上一幢小房子里，我顿感打入冷宫，十分郁郁不得志起来。
一个春天的傍晚，园中百花怒放，父母在园中设宴，一时宾客云集，笑语四溢。
我在山坡的小屋里，悄悄掀起窗帘，窥见园中大千世界，一片繁华，自己的哥姐，堂表弟兄，也穿插其间，个个喜气洋洋。
一霎时，一阵被人摒弃，为世所遗的悲愤兜上心头，禁不住痛哭起来。
阅学生之译文，笔者发现有一个问题值得我们教师注意，即如何在动笔翻译前，能迅速正确地确定英译的主语。
如：1. 得病以前，我受父母宠爱，在家中横行霸道。
学生译文（以下简称“学译”）：Before the illness，I was much petted by parents，doing everything at will in the home.学译：Before I became ill，I have received all the favor of my parents，just like a little tyrant at home.参考译文：Before I fell ill，I had been the bully under our roofs owing to my doting parents.我们知道，汉语表达大多为“意合”结构，结构松散，以一个一个看似并列的短句“拼凑而成，彼此逻辑关系不明显；但英语则不同于汉语，它是形合语言，非常讲究句子内部的逻辑关系的”外化“，所谓”外化“，即，使用Connectives 来表现其逻辑关系。
我国译界有一个著名比喻：汉语句子的结构像”竹竿“，是一节接一节的；而英语句子则像”葡萄“，主干很短，而”挂“在上面的附加成分则很多。
可以说，汉译英的过程，是一个由”竹竿“向”葡萄“转换的过程。
首先要确定”一节接一节“的汉语句子，选其中的哪一节为英句的”（葡萄）主干“。
002八级考试翻译练习参考答案
002八级考试翻译练习参考答案第一篇：002八级考试翻译练习参考答案八级考试翻译练习参考答案很少哪个词语的意思比“文明”这个词更不确定了。
它是什么意思呢？它指一个建立在平民意见基础之上的社会。
它意味着：暴力、武士规则和独裁酋长，营地和战争，骚乱和专制，这一切都让位于制定法律的议会，让位于长期维护法律的独立司法机构。
这就是文明——在文明的土壤里逐渐孕育出自由、快乐和文化。
任何一个国家由文明主宰时，人民大众就能够享受更宽松自由、也更少有烦恼的生活，传统得到珍视，先前的贤哲或勇士们留给我们的遗产成为所有人都可以享受和使用的丰富财产。
（2006-2-18）I have made contact with many old people.Some of them have become my good friends.When we meet, we are able to ramble on/ chat away about everything on earth.Through talking with these old people, I have got the feeling that they are often worried about their being idle.These old people have a terrible amount of idle time yet few opportunities to make contact with the outside world.They are often forgotten by their busy younger generation.At home, young people may talk enthusiastically and endlessly with their friends and colleagues, while leaving the elders alone.Sometimes, old people will chip in/ cut in by saying a few words, only to be scolded impolitely.Young people don't understand that the elders like a lively and exciting atmosphere in the home.They don't understand the sadness old people feel towards the cold and indifferent attitude of the young.3 美国现在开始了一场全国性辩论，讨论美国发挥国际作用的各个组成部分，例如美国是唯一剩下的超级大国这个命题。
专八(TEM8)翻译
Chinese to English来美国求学校的中国学生与其它亚裔学生一样，大多非常刻苦勤奋。
周末往往会抽出一天甚至两天的时间去实验室加班，因此比起美国学生来，成果出的较多。
我的导师是亚裔人，嗜烟好酒，脾气暴躁。
但他十分欣赏亚裔学生勤奋与扎实的基础知识，也特别了解亚裔学生的心理。
因此，在他实验室所招的学生中，除一名来自德国外，其余五位均是亚裔学生。
他干脆在实验室的门上贴一醒目招牌：“本室助研必须每周工作7天，早10时至晚12时，工作时间必须全力以赴。
”这位导师的严格及苛刻是全校有名的，在我所呆的三年半中，共有14名学生被招进他的实验室，最后博士毕业的只剩下五人。
My supervisor is an Asian, a bad tempered heavy smoker and drinker. Yet he thinks highly of Asian students’diligence and sound (foundation) knowledge (good mastery of the basic knowledge) and he knows (understands well) their psychology. Therefore, among all the RAs he hired in the lab are all (from Asian countries) Asian students, except one from Germany. He simply pasted a noticeable signboard:" All RAs working in this lab must work from 10am to 12pm, 7 days a week. You’ve got to spare no efforts in the lab.” He is well known for his strictness and harshness. I worked for him for 3 years and a half and during that period of time there were only 5 out 14 who finally succeeded in obtaining their doctorate degree.English to ChineseOpera is expensive: that much is inevitable. But expensive things are not inevitably the province of the rich unless we abdicate society’s power of choice. We can choose to make opera and other expensive forms of culture, accessible to those who cannot individually pay for it. The question is: why should we? Nobody denies the imperatives of food, shelter, defense, health and education. But even in a prehistoric cave, mankind stretched out a hand not just to eat, drink or fight, but also to draw. The impulsive towards culture, the desire to express and explore the world through imagination and representation, is fundamental. In Europe, this desire has found fulfillment in the masterpieces of our music, art, literature and theatre. These masterpieces are the touchstones for all our efforts; they are the touchstones for the possibilities to which human thought and imagination may aspire; they carry the most profound messages that can be sent from one human to another.欣赏歌剧是一种奢侈的享受；你必须支付昂贵的票价。
专八翻译
C-E原文：1997年2月24日我们代表团下榻日月潭中信大饭店，送走了最后一批客人，已是次日凌晨3点了。
我躺在床上久久不能入睡，披衣走到窗前，往外看去，只见四周峰峦叠翠，湖面波光粼粼。
望着台湾这仅有的景色如画的天然湖泊，我想了许多，许多……这次到台湾访问交流，虽然行程匆匆，但是，看了不少地方，访了旧友，交了新知，大家走到一起，谈论的一个重要话题就是中华民族在21世纪的强盛。
虽然祖国大陆、台湾的青年生活在不同的社会环境中，有着各自不同的生活经历，但大家的内心都深深铭刻着中华文化优秀传统的印记，都拥有着振兴中华民族的共同理想。
在世纪之交的伟大时代，我们的祖国正在走向繁荣富强，海峡两岸人民也将加强交流，共同推进祖国统一大业的早日完成。
世纪之交的宝贵机遇和巨大挑战将青年推到了历史前台。
跨世纪青年一代应该用什么样的姿态迎接充满希望的新世纪，这是我们必须回答的问题。
日月潭水波不兴，仿佛与我一同在思索……参考译文：The current visit to Taiwan for exchange, brief and cursory as it is, has enabled us to see many places, to visit old friends while making new acquaintances. Whenever people gather together, an important topic of discussion has been how the Chinese nation can become prosperous and powerful in the 21st century. Although the young people on the Mainland and in Taiwan live in different social contexts (environments / milieus), with their individually different experiences of life, in the innermost recesses of their hearts are wrought an indelible mark by the fine traditions of the Chinese culture. They all cherish the same ideal to rejuvenate the Chinese nation (They share the same ideal to rejuvenate the Chinese nation). In this great epoch at the turn of the century, our motherland is developing toward greater prosperity and powerfulness. People across the Taiwan Straits are bound to strengthen their exchanges and will mutually promote the earliest possible achievement of the great cause of reunification of the motherland. The precious opportunities and the tremendous challenges at the turn of the century have pushed the young people to the foreground (forefront) of the historical arena (stage). At this transitional phase between the two millennia, in what way the young generation should embrace the forthcoming new century replete with hopes is a question to which we have to seek an answer.E-C原文：I agree to some extent with my imaginary English reader. American literary historians are perhaps prone to view their own national scene too narrowly, mistaking prominence for uniqueness. They do over-phrase their own literature, or certainly its minor figures. And Americans do swing from aggressive over phrase of their literature to an equally unfortunate, imitative deference. But then, the English themselves are somewhat insular in their literary appraisals. Moreover, in fields where they are not pre-eminent — e. g. in painting and music —they too alternate between boasting of native products and copying those of the Continent. How many English paintings try to look as though they were done in Paris; how many times have we read in articles that they re ally represent an “English tradition” after all.To speak of American literature, then, is not to assert that it is completely unlike that of Europe. Broadly speaking, America and Europe have kept step. At any given moment the traveler could find examples in both of the same architecture, the same styles in dress, the same books on the shelves. Ideas have crossed the Atlantic as freely as men and merchandise, though sometimes more slowly. When I refer to American habit, thoughts, etc., I intend some sort of qualification to precede the word, for frequently the difference between America and Europe (especially England) will be one of degree, sometimes only ofa small degree. The amount of divergence is a subtle affair, liable to perplex the Englishman when he looks at America. He is looking at a country which in important senses grew out of his own, which in several ways still resembles his own — and which is yet a foreign country. There are odd overlappings and abrupt unfamiliarities; kinship yields to a sudden alienation, as when we hail a person across the street, only to discover from his blank response that we have mistaken a stranger for a friend.参考译文：那么，要谈论美国文学，倒并非意欲断言，它与欧洲文学全然大相径庭。
TEM8专八翻译
Be difficult to understand
1.Idioms
E.g. 叶公好龙:（误）too much addicted is something; One does not mean what he says （正）Professed love of what one really fears
The translation methods of long sentences
1.Obversing 顺译法 translate the sentence according to the original sequence Eg.But art history focuses on much more than this because art reflects not only the political values of a people , but also religious beliefs , emotions , and psychology.
nSpelling
nTense, Gender, Number and Part of speech
nLogic
nSentence pattern
nThe collocation between words
Be difficult to overcome the constraints of Chinese structure
translation
鲍晶晶 楼屹 徐俊 濮月利 陈静 朱红丹
translation
Section A : From chinese into english
Section B : From english into chinese
TEM 8 词的翻译
（1）语境词:context
跨世纪青年一代应该用什么样的姿势迎接充满希 望的新世纪，这是我们必须回答的问题。 It is the question we must answer that what kind of attitude the cross-century young generation will have to meet the new century with so much hope.
4、词的减省
把原文中一些仅为语法需要而存在的词、 词组加以适当省略，达到译文通顺、意思 完整、句子精练的目的。
4、词的减省
1.重复
于是转喜为怒，转赞美为责备挑剔，转首肯为摇 头。（2004真题） 译文：The happiness turns to anger, praise to scolding and nit-picking, and head-nodding to head-shaking. 用点画成线，用线画成平面，用平面画成立体。 译文：With points you can make a line; with line, planes; with planes, solids. （减省主谓句子成分）
3、词的增补
（3）文化背景解释的需要 三个臭皮匠，胜过诸葛亮。 The wit of three cobblers combined surpasses that of Zhuge Liang, the master mind. 黄鼠狼给鸡拜年。 The weasel goes to pay his respects to the hen – not with the best of intensions.
tem-8 translation skills-2
词序调整法(inversion)
…但是，大体上看一个人对待生命的态度 是否严肃认真，看他对待工作、生活的态 度如何，也就不难对这个人的存在意义做 出适当的估计了… (05) However, it would not be that difficult to make an appropriate evaluation of the meaning of one’s life, if we, on the whole, can perceive his attitude towards his life and work.
重译变体
rather, they are themselves and so much do not use their energy putting on a performance, maintaining pretence and manipulating others.（02） 取而代之的是他们坚持自我，并不会费力 去装腔作势，刻意去维持虚伪，或者劳神 去操纵他人[使用重译法，把do not use their energy在三个短语中分别翻译为费力， 刻意，劳神，句式相同，胜过原文。]。
重译法
we have advocated the principle of peaceful coexistence, which is now growing more and more popular among the nations of Asia and Africa. 我们提倡和平共处的原则，这个原则目前 在亚非各国越来越深入人心了。
重译法
The spokesman said that safety and sanitary regulations in the Department of State would be revised soon. 发言人称国务院的安全规则和卫生规则将 很快得到修订。
TEM8 篇章整体翻译
一个高度近视的女博士去擦鞋店擦高统靴， 秃头老板亲自蹲下来给她效劳。 When a woman doctor who suffers a severe myopic went to shoes-polishing shop for her buskins，the bald boss squatted down to serve her personally.
八戒 C-E
戒结构单调，组合生硬“拉郎配” 戒结构单调，组合生硬“拉郎配” /句 由于汉英结构不同，表达方式迥异，硬性翻译不 仅读起来别扭，而且会闹出笑话。这就要求译者 在翻译时灵活使用整合的技巧，将句子整合，凸 显汉语中所隐含的层次，补充所缺失的成分。有 时要将简单句译成并列句，有时将并列句译成主 从句。
Practice
早上,得知须等些时日马车才能修好,他们便搭乘当 地车辆去了山顶小城.有人告诉他们在那可以找到 更好的住处.他们在那逗留了两三天.那是一座意大 利风格的小城,教堂高高耸立，几条狭窄的小街,还 有几座小巧的宫殿.所有这些,紧凑而完美地排列在 山顶之上. 四周筑有城墙,城墙之内方园不比英国 人的花园大多少.但是,它喧哗热闹,生气勃勃,昼夜 回响着脚步声与话语声.
Practice
正在热闹哄哄的时节，只见那后台里，又 出来一位姑娘，年纪约十八九岁，装束与 前一个毫无分别。 Amidst the bustling, a girl about eighteen or nineteen years old appeared on the stage , dressed up just like the former.
八戒 C-E
戒“愚忠”，不谙增减之道/词 愚忠” 不谙增减之道 词 我们耳熟能详的东西外国人可能会感到一头雾水， 译者需要增加必要的说明和补充或者减译 。 例如：风水 fengshui——the location of a house or tomb, supposed to have an influence on the fortune of a family.
专业英语八级考试翻译训练及答案
专业英语八级考试翻译训练及答案2017年专业英语八级考试翻译训练及答案业精于勤，荒于嬉;行成于思，毁于随。
以下是店铺为大家搜索整理的2017年专业英语八级考试翻译训练及答案，希望对正在关注的您有所帮助!part 1<汉译英>中文原文：正是因为不停地追求进取，我们才感到生活幸福。
一件事完成后，另一件随之而来，如此连绵不绝，永无止境。
对于往前看的人来说，眼前总有一番新天地。
虽然我们蜗居于这颗小行星上，整日忙于琐事且生命短暂，但我们生来就有不尽的希望，如天上繁星，遥不可及。
只要生命犹在，希望便会不止。
真正的幸福在于怎样开始，而不是如何结束，在于我们的希翼，而并非拥有。
参考译文：We live in an ascending scale when we live happily, one thing leading to another in an endless series. There is always a new horizon for onward-looking men, and although we dwell on a small planet, immersed in petty business and not enduring beyond a brief period of years, we are so constituted that our hopes are inaccessible, like stars, and the term of hoping is prolonged until the term of life. T o be truly happy is a question of how we begin and not of how we end, of what we want and not of what we have.An aspiration is a joy for ever, a possession as solid as a landed estate, a fortune which we can never exhaust and which gives us year by year a revenue of pleasurable activity. To have many of these is to be spiritually rich. Life is only a very dull and ill-directed theatre unless we have some interests in the piece;and to those who have neither art nor science, the world is a mere arrangement of colours, or a rough footway where they may very well break their shins.参考译文:渴望是永远的乐趣，一笔如地产般真实稳固的财富，用之不尽，取之不竭。
ex on translation of TEM 8专八翻译
1. 弄不好就会前功尽弃。
2. 不想同他见面，我朝另一个方向走去，不料他却追了上来。
3. 他干脆在实验室的门上贴了一张醒目的招牌：“本室助研必须每周工作七天。
”4. 老实说，我是个讲究实际的人。
我有一份收入不错的工作，在西湖附近买了一套房子。
我和老伴要享受享受了。
我年轻时很苦，现在再也不想过那种日子了。
1.弄不好就会前功尽弃。
Doing badly is the same to doing nothing. It is not properly dealt with, the plan would come to zero.If we don’t do well, all the precious efforts will be wasted.All previous efforts will come to naught if made inappropriately.2. 不想同他见面，我朝另一个方向走去，不料他却追了上来。
Not wanting to see him, I walked to another direction. Beyond my expectation, he caught up with me soon.Turnig toward another direction to avoid meeting him,but I was followed by him unexpectedly.Expecting not to meet him, I went in the other direction. But to my surprise, he chased after me.Unwilling ot meet him, I turn towards/to another direction, but unexpectedly he catch up with me.Not wanting to meet him, I took another direction. He, however, came running after me.3. 他干脆在实验室的门上贴了一张醒目的招牌：“本室助研必须每周工作七天。
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Homework 2
• 船摇晃，颠簸；一会儿翘起尾，一会又昂 起头；辗转滚动，呼号呻吟。我们在舱面 时，就得抓住东西；我们到舱下去，就得 紧贴着床铺，时时刻刻提心吊胆，全身紧 张。
Reference for homework 2
• 船摇晃，颠簸；一会儿翘起尾，一会又昂起头； 辗转滚动，呼号呻吟。我们在舱面时，就得抓住 东西；我们到舱下去，就得紧贴着床铺，时时刻 刻提心吊胆，全身紧张。 • The ship tossed, pitched. she stood on her head, she sat on her tail, she rolled, she groaned, and we had to hold on while on deck and cling to our bunks when below, in a constant effort of body and worry of mind.
Modern science and technology are developing rapidly．（后置）
现代科学技术正在迅速发展。（前置）
英语中表示程度的状语在修饰状语时可前置也可后置，而在汉语中一般都前 置。 He is running fast enough（后置） 他跑得够快的了。（前置）
他本来在天津开会，会议一结束，他就上北京去 度假了，昨天才坐飞机回来。
句序的调整
• 二、英汉语复合句中的逻辑顺序的调整
1．表示因果关系的英语复合句中，因果顺序灵活， 在汉语中多数情况是原因在前，结果在后。 He had to stay in bed because he was ill．（后置） 因为他病了，他只好呆在床上。（前置）
• 北京民间流传着一句话：“卢沟桥上的石 狮子—数不清。”特别有趣的是关于石狮 子的传说。有的说，石狮子中有一个总是 在晃动，看不清，没法数。有的说，有几 个石狮子是藏起来的，看不清，数不着。 如果真的数清了狮子的数目，全桥的狮子 就会跑光了。
Reference For exercise2
• A saying in Beijing goes: “The stone lions on Lugou Bridge are too many to be counted.” The stories told about them are most interesting. One says that one of the stone lions is always swaying so that it can’t be seen clearly and counted. Another says that it is impossible to count the lions exactly because some are hidden and can’t be seen. And if an exact count was really made, all the lions would run away.
TEM8
TEST
C-E and E-C translation
TEM翻译技巧讲与练--语序调整
• 英译汉的翻译方法和技巧是建立在英汉两种语言 的对比之上的。这两种语言在词汇和句法方面的 一些表达手段上各有其特点。语序调整主要指词 序、句序两方面的调整。 首先我们谈谈词序的调整。 英汉语句中的主要成分主语、谓语、宾语或表语 的词序基本上是一致的，但各种定语的位置和各 种状语的次序在英、汉语言中则有同有异。汉语 说“他正在卧室里睡觉”，而在英语中却说He is sleeping in the bedroom．（他睡觉在卧室。）； 英语汉语都说“他出生于北京”，“He was born in Beijing”。
• What interests people most about the bridge are the stone lions carved on the columns of the bridge railings. Each column is topped with a big lion surrounded by many smaller ones. The smallest is only a few centimeters high. Some of them stand on the heads or backs of the bigger ones; some lie under their feet or nestle in their embrace. Others reveal only half a head, or only a mouth. Vivid and lively they are depicted in different postures— sitting, lying standing or crouching.
• 武当山是中国道教名山现存的古建筑，以 金殿、南岩宫、紫霄宫、磨针井、太子坡 为造武当拳，刚柔并蓄， 风格独具，与嵩山少林拳齐名于武林，武 当道人至今练习不辍。
Exercise1 version1
• Mt. Wudang is a famous Taoist shrine. Among the extant buildings, Golden Hall, Zixiao Palace, the Needle Grinding Well and South Crag are especially imposing and attractive.
二、状语位置的调整
• 2．短语作状语。 英语中短语状语可放在被修饰的动词之前或之后，译成汉语时则大多 数放在被修饰的动词之前，但也有放在后面的。 Seeing this，some of us became very worried．（前置） 看到这种情况，我们有些人心里很着急。（前置） A jeep full sped fast，drenching me in spray．（后置） 一辆坐满人的吉普车急驶而过，溅了我一身水。（后置） 英语中地点状语一般在时间状语之前，而汉语中时间状语则往往放在 地点状语之前。 He was born in Beijing on May 20，1970．（地点在前） 他是1970年5月20日在北京出生的。（时间在前） 英语中时间状语、地点状语的排列一般是从小到大，而汉语中则是从 大到小。
一、定语位置的调整
• 2．短语作定语。
英语中，修饰名词的短语一般放在名词之后，而 汉语则反之，但间或也有放在后面的，视汉语习 惯而定。 their attempt to cross the river（后置）
他们渡江的企图（前置）
the decimal system of counting（后置）
句序的调整
• 3．表示目的与行动关系的英语复合句中，目的与 行动的顺序比较固定，多数是行动在前，目的在 后，汉语也如此，但有时为了强调，也可把目的 放在行动之前。
Better take your umbrella in case it rains．（后 置） 最好带上伞以防下雨。（前置）
Exercise1
其次我们谈谈句序的调整。
• 这里，句序是指复合句中主句和从句的时间和逻辑关系叙 述的顺序。 一、时间顺序的调整 1．英语复合句中，表示时间的从句可以放在主句之前， 也可以放在主句之后，汉语中则通常先叙述先发生的事， 后叙述后发生的事。 I went out for a walk after I had my dinner．（从句在主 句之后） After I had my dinner，I went out for a walk．（从句在主 句之前） 我吃了晚饭后出去散步。
一、定语位置的调整
• 1．单词作定语。
英语中，单词作定语时，通常放在它所修饰的名词前，汉 语中也大体如此。有时英语中有后置的，但译成汉语时一 般都前置。
something important（后置） 重要的事情（前置） 如果英语中名词前的定语过多，译文中则不宜完全前置， 因为汉语不习惯在名词前用过多的定语。 a little，yellow，ragged beggar（前置） 一个要饭的，身材矮小，面黄肌瘦，衣衫褴褛（后置）
句序的调整
• 2．英语复合句中有时包含两个以上的时间从句， 各个时间从句的次序比较灵活，汉语则一般按事 情发生的先后安排其位置。 He had flown yesterday from Beijing where he spent his vocation after finishing the meeting he had taken part in Tianjin．
Exercise 2
• 卢沟桥上最引人注目的，是桥栏石柱上雕 刻的那些狮子。每个石柱上有一个大狮子， 大狮子的上下左右有好多小狮子。最小的 只有几厘米。它们有的在大狮子的头上、 背上；有的在大狮子的脚下或怀里。有的 只露出一张嘴。生动活泼，坐卧起伏，姿 态各不相同。
Reference For exercise2
Exercise1 version2
• Mt. Wudang is the birthplace of Wudang Boxing. In the Ming Dynasty, a Taoist priest Zhang Sanfeng settled down here for cultivating and created the Wudang Boxing with a style of strength and grace and is as famous as Shaolin Boxing of Mt. Songshan. The Wudang Taoists keep on cultivating the boxing everyday.
句序的调整
• 2．表示条件（假设）与结果关系的英语复合句中， 条件（假设）与结果的顺序也不固定，在汉语中 则是条件在前，结果在后。 I still hope you will come back if arrangements could be made．（后置） 如果安排得好，我还是希望你来。（前置）