2018届高三英语二轮复习 专题一 语法填空和短文改错 第一讲 语法填空教案

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2.无提示词 无提示词的语法填空考查了冠词、介词、代词、并列连词、 从句引导词、助动词以及语境填词。 (1)冠词、介词主要考查基本用法及固定搭配;并列连词主要 看前后的逻辑关系;助动词主要是疑问句或否定句;语境填 词包括按固定搭配或逻辑关系选择合适的词。
专题一 语法填空和短文改错
(2)从句引导词指的是三大从句的引导词,包括定语从句的关 系代词和关系副词;名词性从句的连接词、连接代词和连接 副词;状语从句的连词。但是考查的比较简单,只要搞清从 句的基本用法大体都能做对。 (3)另外,there be 结构与强调句型也应在备考中多关注。
65.were used 解析:考查动词时态和语态。因为是介绍 1863 年的事情,而且 Steam engines 与 use 之间为被动关系,故用 一般过去时的被动语态。故填 were used。 66.fairly 解析:考查副词。此处 fair 是形容词,unpleasant 也是形容词,所以要将 fair 变为副词来修饰形容词 unpleasant, 故在其前填 fairly。 67.it 解析:考查代词。根据上文的“the railway quickly” 可知,此处用 it 代替 the railway。
Fat and salt are very important parts of a diet. They are required 63.____________ (process) the food that we eat, to recover from injury and for several other bodily functions. When fat and salt 64.____________ (remove) from food, the food tastes as if it is missing something. As 65.____________ result, people will eat more food to try to make up for that something missing. Even 66.____________ (bad), the amount of fast food that people eat goes up. Fast food 67.____________ (be) full of fat and salt; by 68.____________ (eat) more fast food people will get more salt and fat than they need in their diet.
专题一 语法填空和短文改错
近 3 年全国卷八套试题的语法填空部分充分体现了“实 词考查为主,虚词考查为辅”的命题原则。命题形式分为有 提示词和无提示词两种。 1.有提示词 有提示词的语法填空考查了动词的时态、语态、主谓一致; 非谓语动词;形容词的比较等级;名词的数;代词的格以及 词类转换。
专题一 语法填空和短文改错
专题一 语法填空和短文改错
第一讲 语法填空
专题一 语法填空和短文改错
[全国卷 3 年考情分析]
专题一 语法填空和短文改错
注:2017、2016 年全国高考共 3 套试题,有的按甲、乙、丙 卷分类,有的按Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ卷分类,其对应关系为Ⅰ卷—乙 卷、Ⅱ卷—甲卷、Ⅲ卷—丙卷,本书按Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ卷分类, 以下各题型同。
[解题导语] 本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了对于食物中 的脂肪和盐分,人们的态度不一。脂肪和盐分对于健康来说 是必不可少的,但如果人们摄入过多的脂肪和盐分,自身的 健康将会受到损害。
61.as 解析:考查介词。分析句子结构可知,此处在句中 作状语,表示“作为一种抵御心脏病的方式”,所以填 as, 意为“作为”。 62.effects 解析:考查名词复数。这种趋势产生了一些意 想 不 到 的 副 作 用 。 根 据 空 前 的 “some” 及 空 后 的 “such as overweight and heart disease”可知,此处指不止一种副作用, 故用名词复数形式 effects。 63.to process 解析:考查非谓语动词。be required to do sth. 为固定用法。
Having enough fat and salt in your meals will reduce the urge to snack(吃点心) between meals and will improve the taste of your food.However, be 69.____________ (care) not to go to extremes. Like anything, it is possible to have too much of both, 70.____________ is not good for the health.
Later, engineers 68.____________(manage) to construct railways in a system of deep tunnels(隧道), which became known as the Tube. This development was only possible with the 69.____________ (introduce) of electric-powered engines and lifts. The Central London Railway was one of the most 70.____________(success) of these new lines, and was opened in 1900. It had white ­ painted tunnels and bright red carriages, and proved extremely popular with the public.
64.are removed 解析:考查时态和语态。本文的主体时态 为一般现在时,此处亦应用一般现在时;又因 fat and salt 是 动词 remove 的承受者,应用被动语态。所以此处填 are removed。 65.a 解析:考查冠词。as a result 为固定搭配,意为“结 果”。 66.worse 解析:考查比较级。短语 even worse 意为“更糟 糕的是”,表示意义的递进。故用 worse。
[解题导语] 本文是一篇说明文,介绍了全世界第一个地 下客运铁路在英国开放及其逐渐发展成现在的地铁的过程。
61.crowds 解析:考查名词复数。因为 crowd 为可数名词, 并且其前没有限定词,所以此处用其复数形式。 62.from 解析:考查介词。此处 to and from work 是指“当 他们来回上下班时”。 63.laying 解析:考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,该 句的主语为 This,谓语动词 included 后由 and 连接了三个动 名词短语作宾语。故填 laying。 64.the 解析:考查定冠词。此处指的是在顶端建造一个结 实的顶,所以在 top 前加 the。
(1)动词的考查是语法填空的重点,包括谓语动词和非谓语动 词。近 3 年的八套试题对动词的考查比较稳定,基本是每套 3-5 题,涉及的范围比较广,几乎涵盖了除虚拟语气之外所 有动词的用法。预计将来对动词的考查将一如既往地稳定, 虚拟语气也应引起大家的注意。 (2)名词、代词的考查每年都会涉及。名词主要考查单复数的 变化,代词主要考查人称代词主格、宾格和形容词性物主代 词的变化。在此提醒大家关注一下反身代词的考查。
专题一 语法填空和短文改错
(3)形容词、副词的比较等级偶有考查,近 3 年的八套试题中 出现了两次,都是考查的比较级。但最高级也应成为大家关 注的对象。 (4)词类转换的考查相对稳定,平均每套题两个左右,形容词 变副词是考查的重点,另外,动词变为名词,名词与形容词 的互变等都应在备考中多注意。
专题一 语法填空和短文改错
67.is 解析:考查时态和主谓一致。此处是对客观情况的描 述,应用一般现在时;分析句子结构可知,该句缺少谓语动 词,又因主语为 Fast food,故填 is。 68.eating 解析:考查非谓语动词。介词 by 后跟名词、代 词或动名词作宾语,故填 eat 的动名词形式 eating。
69.careful 解析:考查形容词。句意:然而,注意不要走 极端。此处为形容词作表语,故填 careful“当心的”构成系 表结构。 70.which 解析:考查非限制性定语从句。分析句子结构可 知,此处为非限制性定语从句,空处指代前句的内容,且在 从句中作主语,故填关系代词 which。
专题一 语法填空和短文改错
[命题者说] 语法填空是高考英语试题的一项创新,它将语法知识的
考查融于一篇英语短文中,通过设置纯空格题和给词填空两 种形式表现出来,突出考查学生通过语境运用语法知识的能 力,更客观、准确地考量学生的语法知识水平。此题虽然只 有 15 分,占英语全卷分数的十分之一,但也是英语考卷的重 要组成部分,不可小觑。要想此题有好的发挥,学好语法, 注重运用必不可少,这是基础;了解考点,掌握解题技巧才 是确保得分的关键。
(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)In 1863 the first underground passenger railway in the world opened in London. It ran for just under seven kilometers and allowed people to avoid terrible 61.____________(crowd) on the roads above as they travelled to and 62.____________ work. It took three years to complete and was built using an interesting method. This included digging up the road, 63.____________(lay) the track and then building a strong roof over 64.____________ top. When all those had been done, the road surface was replaced.
(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)There has been a recent trend in the food service industry toward lower fat content and less salt. This trend, which was started by the medical community(医 学界) 61.____________ a method of fighting heart disease, has had some unintended side 62.____________ (effect) such as overweight and heart disease—the very thing the medical community was trying to fight.
பைடு நூலகம்
Steam engines 65.____________(use) to pull the carriages and it must have been 66.____________(fair) unpleasant for the passengers, with all the smoke and noise. However, the railway quickly proved to be a great success and within six months, more than 25,000 people were using 67.____________ every day.
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