＜长句难句精讲精练＞讲义
中考英语长句难句分析之句子结构
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原则上，只要“含义相似，结构相同”的东西都
能并列。读句子时要注意意识到是谁和谁并列。
形容词并列：Mr. Smith is a kind, patient and
knowledgeable English teacher.
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从句
定义：由引导词引导的主谓结构 结构：引导词+主语+谓语+宾语， 引导词：that/ who/ whom/ why/ when/ where/ which/ how/ if/ although …
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从句
【起始标识】从句一定从引导词开始（有时可省 略），但有以下四种终止标识： 1.到句尾终止： Li Hui is a teacher (who teaches English). 2.到逗号终止： (When I was young), I listened to the radio.
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把握英语句子，关键在于把握 “较长修饰成分”
1.介词短语 2.从句 3.非谓语动词
英语中的三种较长修饰成分
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介词短语
定义：从介词开始到名词结束，表达一个独
立的完整的含义的结构
结构：从介词开始到名词结束
at home; in the school beyond my wildest imagination during my happy childhood over the last few years
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介词短语
例句： After chatting with Laura on this matter for two hours from 2:00 to 4:00 in the afternoon, I returned to my office.
[全]中考英语-阅读理解真题精讲,长难句分析
![[全]中考英语-阅读理解真题精讲,长难句分析](https://img.taocdn.com/s3/m/71228296336c1eb91b375d20.png)
中考英语-阅读理解精讲，长难句分析第1句From then on, when he wanted what he should not have, his mother would point to his hand which had been hurt before.长句分析：（1）首先寻找连词，例句中涉及到的连词有when, what和which；（2）when引导的是时间状语从句，该从句中，he 是主语，wanted是谓语动词，后面的what引导了宾语从句，充当wanted的宾语；（3）在what引导的宾语从句中，what充当谓语动词have的宾语；（4）His mother 是主句主语，would point to 是谓语动词，his hand是宾语；主句时态是过去将来时；（5）在主句中，Which 引导了定语从句，修饰先行词hand ，Which充当此定语从句的主语。
定语从句的时态是过去完成时的被动语态,由had been done 构成;重点词汇&语法解析：（1）from then on：从那时起；（2）point to: 指向，指明；（3）过去将来时：表示过去某一时间来看将要发生的动作或者状态，由would + 动词原形构成；（4）过去完成时：表示过去的过去发生的动作，对过去的影响，由had done 构成，被动语态had been done长句翻译：从那时起，当他想要不该有的东西时，他的母亲会指着他以前受伤的手。
第2句：What is more interesting is that the brain takes in all the information to create the first impression in about three seconds .长句分析：（1）首先寻找连接词，本句中出现了what 和that;（2）what 引导了一个主语从句，that引导的是表语从句，interesting 和that 之间的is 是主干句的系动词；（3）what在其引导的主语从句中充当主语的成分；（4）that引导的表语从句中,the brain 是主语，takes in 是谓语，information 是宾语，to create the first impression 是动词不定式短语做目的状语，in about three seconds是时间状语重点词汇&语法解析：（1）take in : 接纳,接待;吸收,汲取;（2）information : 信息，注意是不可数名词；（3）impression：印象，first impression 第一印象（4）that在其引导的表语从句中不充当任何句子成分，只是起到了连接的作用，但不可以省略（和主语从句类似）；长句翻译：更有趣的是，大脑在大约3秒钟内吸收所有的信息来产生第一印象。
初中英语阅读理解之长句难句分析讲义-从句
初中英语阅读理解之长句难句分析讲义——从句I arrived in London on a foggy day, to go to a very important meeting. The place①where the meeting was going to be hel d was on the other side of the town. All traffic came to a stop②because the drivers were not able to see more than a yard in front of them. The meeting would begin at 9:00, so I decided to go there on foot.Minutes later, I was completely lost. I stood there and though t③that I would have to phone to the meeting to explain④that I was not able to arrive there on time. Then I heard a young man’s voice coming out of the fog, “I suppose⑤you are lost. Can I help you?” I was very glad to have a ma n ⑥who could take me to the meeting. Afterward I told him⑦where I wanted to go, took his arm, and we started. We walked quite fast, turning corners and crossing roads.⑧As I followed him through the dark streets, I wondered⑨why he found his way so easily. “I know this part of London quite well,” he said.“But in such a fog it’s impossible to see anything,” I said.“I am blind, sir.” he answered, “In the fog, it is exactly the same for me as usual.”在英语语法中，按照句子结构，英语句子主要可以分为三种类型：简单句、并列句和复合句。
长难句分析讲义 高三英语一轮复习
长难句分析：从句！从句！从句！原句The key finding of the study was that when crowds were further divided into smaller groups that were allowed to have a discussion, the averages from these groups were more accurate than those from an equal number of independent individuals.（2023年新高考I卷阅读理解D篇）在这个40字的句子里，我们会看到表语/宾语从句、定语从句和状语从句三种主要的从句类型，你需要理解的就是每个从句在补充句意方面发挥的作用。
首先完成断句的工作。
在关系词的位置断开，应该是各位同学非常熟悉的常规动作了。
The key finding of the study was 主句不完整that 从句一关系词when crowds were further divided into smaller groups从句二完整that were allowed to have a discussion,从句三不完整the averages from these groups were more accurate than those from an equal number of independent individuals.从句一内容完整严格按照“在从句关系词前面断开”的原则断句后，你会发现全句最特殊的，就是“… that when …”这个位置了。
两个关系词为什么会叠加在一起？实际上把几部分拆开后，你就会发现在第一个that之后，插入了when和that引导的另外两个从句，然后才是第一个that的具体内容。
也许这样的结构略显复杂，但是只要各位坚持“在从句关系词前面断开”这个基本原则，句子结构其实是很清晰的。
2017年-2023年高考英语阅读真题长难句解析(281-282)讲义-高考英语一轮复习
一、长难句翻译1.The goal of this book is to make the case for digital minimalism, including a detailed exploration of what it asks and why it works, and then to teach you how to adopt this philosophy if you decide it’s right for you.2.In part one, I describe the philosophical foundations of digital minimalism, starting with an examination of the forces that are making so many people’s digital lives increasingly intolerable, before moving on to a detailed discussion of the digital minimalism philosophy.二、长难句翻译解析1.The goal of this book is to make the case for digital minimalism, including a detailed exploration of what it asks and why it works, and then to teach you how to adopt this philosophy if you decide it’s right for you.整句话最核心的内部逻辑就是句子中间的并列逻辑“and then 然后”，用于表示前后连续的动作顺序。
“and then”之后的内容是非谓语动词“to teach”，所以必然与前面部分中的某个to do 形成并列。
大学英语长句难句翻译解析
大学英语长句难句翻译解析在大学英语教学中，句子难懂的原因是多种多样的。
不仅在于句法上的差异，而且还存在形形色色的难点。
体现难点的语法现象紧密交织，具有许多不同于汉语语法的特点，本文拟从英语句子结构特点对各类难句加以归纳分析，力求通过典型例句的翻译分析，探讨各类难点的特殊性和普遍性。
关键词：大学英语长句翻译一、含有分词（短语）的句子分词不但是用得最多的非谓语动词，而且它的结构形式极为复杂，既有主动被动之分，又有一般形式和完成形式且有时带别的分词和从句，不定式或动名词，这样就形成较长的分词短语，因而成为翻译中的难点。
例 1The time that elapses between a wave’s transmission and return, multiplied by the speed of the wave, gives the distance traveled.难点：定语从句that....return和过去分词短语multiplied...wave都修饰time译文：无线电波发射和返回之间消耗的时间乘上波速就是波传输的距离。
例 2The earliest researchers into heat learned by experimenting with gases, watching now differences in temperature made them change.难点：作方式状语的现在分词短语watching...change 包含宾语从句how...change译文：最早研究热的学者用气体做实验，观察温差如何使气体发生变化而进行研究。
例 3For example, lectures are often televised, enabling students to hear and see the lecturer without all being crowded into a single lecture hall.难点：分词短语enabling...lecturer,同时又出现了介词短语without...hall译文：例如，经常用电视转播讲课，使学生们用不着挤在一间课堂里也能听到和看到老师讲课。
2025届高考英语一轮复习长难句分析2讲义
高考英语长难句分析2--能力提升140分以上Successive government have permitted such increases on the grounds that the cost of investing in and running the rail network should be borne by those who use it, rather than the general taxpayer.词汇补充successive /səkˈsɛsɪv/ adj. following one after the other in a series, without interruption. 连续的，接连的。
如例句: The team won three successiv e championships.该团队连续赢得了三次冠军。
以下是我们考试中常见的同义词，这组词都有“连续的”的意思，其区别是： continuous 语意最强，强调在时间和空间上没有间断。
constant多指习惯性的重复和不变的持续。
continual强调重复或持续发生，但连续之间允许有间断。
persistent普通用词，可指不懈的努力，也可指任何连续不断或重复出现的事物。
successive 强调事物一个接一个地发生，无间断。
permit /pəˈmɪt/ v. to give permission or allow something to happen. 允许，准许。
如例句:They permitted us to use the facilities.他们允许我们使用这些设施。
我们考试中常用短语搭配有:permit someone to do something 允许某人做某事；用于表示合法或正式允许某人或某事的情形。
如例句: The university permits students to access the library resources remotely to facilitate their research work.大学允许学生远程访问图书馆资源，以方便他们的研究工作。
英语长句难句英语难句长句详细解析
翻译一本通：难句解析1. . （难度系数5，下同）译文：那种性别比例能在最大程度上增加一个个体所能拥有的后代数量，并因此能在最大程度上增加所传递到后代身上去的基因复制品的数量。
【英语长句难句】难句类型：倒装、省略a.本句的正常语序应当是：.但是因为主语之后的以引导的修饰它的定语从句，如果按照以上语序，则有头重脚轻之感。
所以原文将此长长的从句倒装成谓语之后。
b.在引导的从句中，有两处省略：第一处在的第一个宾语中，是修饰的定语从句，但是，因为在从句中作的宾语，所以引导词可以省略。
第二处省略是在第二个之前，省略了与前面一样的成分. 在此表示后面的成分作为前面“最大化一个个体的后代的数目的”结果。
意群训练：.2. （）A a a a .(5)复杂+倒装+省略;（这是一种）照亮现实的欲望，此欲望从来就不会唐突的取代后面的那种欲望，后者是我们可以将其部分的理解为一个兼任小说加和科学家的人想要去准确并具体的记录下一朵花的结构和文理的那种意义上的欲望。
解释：本句子的难度在一切、包括考试中所出现的难句中堪称登峰造极，可以确定地讲，类似此句子的难度的语言，在计算机考试的现场绝无可能出现。
如果对此句话不感兴趣，可以把其废掉不读。
A、这句话读起来别扭的第一个原因，是因为它根本就不是一个句子。
句首省略了。
这种用一个词代替一个句子的方式如果在书面语中出现，只能出现在高级英语中，因此我们以前的英语学习中从未遇到过。
其形式类似于我们中文的“精彩”是“这句话真是精彩”的省略形式。
B、后跟着两个大的修饰成分，一个是 a ，其中的a 是被倒装到了之后，正常应是a .不过这个便装部分与距离不远，读者看得还算懂。
关键是第二个修饰成分。
注意：从开始直到句尾结束的长长的定语从句不是修饰其前的的，而是修饰一开始的的。
C、第二个修饰成分中又来了一个倒装，由于作者为了强调,所以将其提前，引发了定语从句中的倒装：正常语序应该是，倒装后系动词被提前，因为在情态动词之后所以变成了原型。
2012启航长难句讲义
Mr.Yellow 寄语20121年全国考研学子：全面、扎实的句法知识在阅读理解和翻译的过程中起到至关重要的作用，在面对复杂句式的理解时，句子结构的分析必不可少。
常规句子一般要求考生能迅速地抓住句子的主谓宾部分，弄清楚从句的始末，从而正确理解句义。
而对于一些特殊的句子结构，则理解起来难度更大，因此要求考生要不断熟悉才能正确识别而获取高分。
第一章长难句翻译高分规划课第一节英语句子的扩展------添加并列成分充当英语句子主干成分的名词（词组）、动词（词组）、形容词（词组）、介词（词组），以至各种从句，它们以并列的方式叠加起来，扩展句子的主干成分，形成较长的主语、谓语、宾语或表语，语句信息在不断充实的同时，理解的难度也随之加大。
一．词的并列（名词、动词、形容词、介词等）1.Practicality,common sense,and native intelligence have been considered more noble qualities than anything you could learn from a book.2.We are shut up in schools and college recitation rooms for 10or 15years and come out at last with a bellyful （满肚子的）of words and do not know a thing.3.Since the dawn of human ingenuity,people have devised ever more cunning tools to cope with work that is dangerous,boring,burdensome,or just plain nasty(肮脏的).4.This phenomenon has created serious concerns over the role of smaller economic firms,of national businessmen and over the ultimate stability of the world economy.二．短语或词组的并列（固定短语，成对的词组等）5.The casual friendliness of many Americans should be interpreted neither as superficial nor as artificial,but as the result of a historically developed cultural tradition.6.The medical profession is taking steps to require young doctors to train in hospices,to test knowledge of aggressive pain management therapies,to develop a Medicare billing code for hospital-based care,and to develop new standards for assessing and treating pain at the end of life.7.Because current federal law already forbids the use of federal funds to create embryos (the earliest stage of human offspring before birth)for research or to knowingly endanger an embryo ’s life,NBAC will remain silent on embryo research.w w w .163k a o y a n .cn三．句子并列8.Intelligence seeks to grasp,manipulate,reorder,and adjust,intellect examines,ponders,wonders,theorizes,criticizes and imagines.9.The inspectorate (检查团)still found that industrial safety officers did not carry out systematic inspections,that workers did not understand the effects that radiation might have on them,and that managers were uncertain about was responsible for inspecting some pipelines （管道）and drains （排水沟）.10.A rather similar process of differentiation has led to professional geologists coming together nationally within one or two specific societies,the amateurs have tended either to remain in local societies or to come together nationally in a different way.参考译文1.实用性、常识以及与生俱有的智力这些素质一直被看作是比可以从书本里学到的任何东西都要高贵的品质。
英语中长句、难句的理解
同位语从句
They had no idea what they were up against.
A series of programmes and the development of local and nationwide health care networks are signs that the government is serious about health care.(unit9)
5、介词短语 We had to travel about ninety miles without water or grass for the animals to eat. (unit6)
With greater control and a stronger sense of achievement, active learners are able to acquire new skills faster and put what they know to better use. (unit8)
英语中长句、难句的理解
阅读中常见的普遍语言现象：
一、倒装 二、省略
三、插入
四、短语
五、 并列
六、从句
一、倒装：
Never has he been rude to others. I do doubt the truth of it. Impressive as the record is, it fades next to the story of Amstrong’s struggle against disease.(unit1) When they get sick, nor can they make sure that their children keep a healthy diet.(unit9)
100个英语长句、难句结构分析与参考译文
1. The American economic system is, organized around a basically private-enterprise, market- oriented economy in which consumers largely determine what shall be produced by spending their money in the marketplace for those goods and services that they want most.[参考译⽂] 美国的经济是以基本的私有企业和市场导向经济为架构的，在这种经济中，消费者很⼤程度上通过在市场上为那些他们最想要的货品和服务付费来决定什么应该被制造出来。
2. Thus, in the American economic system it is the demand of individual consumers, coupled with the desire of businessmen to maximize profits and the desire of individuals to maximize their incomes, that together determine what shall be produced and how resources are used to produce it.[参考译⽂] 因此，在美国的经济体系中，个体消费者的需求与商⼈试图化其利润的欲望和个⼈想化其收⼊效⽤的欲望相结合，⼀起决定了什么应该被制造，以及资源如何被⽤来制造它们。
3. If, on the other hand, producing more of a commodity results in reducing its cost, this will tend to increase the supply offered by seller-producers, which in turn will lower the price and permit more consumers to buy the product.[参考译⽂] 另⼀⽅⾯，如果⼤量制造某种商品导致其成本下降，那么这就有可能增加卖⽅和制造商能提供的供给，⽽这也就会反过来降低价格并允许更多的消费者购买产品。
英语长句、难句和复杂句集萃
学术论文写作中运用英语长句、难句和复杂句的技巧
Business English Communication
在运用这些句子时，要避免使用过于复杂的句子结构，以免让对方感到困惑。同时，要注意表达方式的礼貌和得体，尊重对方的意见和文化背景。
Academic Paper Writing
在运用这些句子时，要避免过度复杂化，以免影响读者的理解。同时，要注意句子的准确性和规范性，避免语法和拼写错误。
学术论文写作中运用英语长句、难句和复杂句的注意事项
这些句子能够清晰地表达复杂的观点和理论，使论证更加严密和有力。
英语长句、难句和复杂句在学术论文写作中的应用
Breaking down complex structures
When translating complex sentences, it can be helpful to break them down into simpler sentences.
Restating the idea in different words or rephrasing the sentence can help clarify its meaning.
Understanding the broader context of the text can help in comprehending and translating difficult sentences.
Using dictionaries, thesauri, or translation tools can provide insights and alternative word choices for difficult vocabulary or expressions.
长句难句解析
阅读理解长句难句解析做阅读理解，当我们遇到长句和难句时，我们应该找到句子的主干（主语、谓语、宾语、表语）。
1、英语最基本句子结构主语：Deer are animals.谓语：谓语动词有不及物动词、系动词和及物动词三大类。
及物动词用vt. 表示和不及物动词用vi. 表示A有些动词只是及物动词; 它们不可以单独用，后面必须跟宾语。
{F: They always want after lunch.R: They always want a cup of tea after lunch.{F: He is sending now.R: He is sending a letter now.B有些动词只是不及物动词；它们可以单独用，如果后面想接宾语，动词后面必须加上介词。
{R: He is looking around.F: He is looking .R: He is looking at me.R: He is listening carefully.F: He is listening.R: He is listening to the teacher carefully.系动词：6种。
状、持、表，感，变，终1）状态系动词用来表示主语性质或状态，只有be一词，例如：He is a teacher. 他是一名教师。
2）持续系动词用来表示主语继续或保持一种状况或态度，主要有keep, rest, remain, stay, lie, stand, 例如：He always kept silent at meeting. 他开会时总保持沉默。
3）表像系动词用来表示"看起来像"这一概念，主要有seem, appear, look, 例如：He looks tired. 他看起来很累。
4）感官系动词感官系动词主要有feel, smell, sound, taste, 例如：This kind of cloth feels very soft.这种布手感很软。
英语长句难句长句难句的阅读翻译对策市公开课金奖市赛课一等奖课件
九、长句译法
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3. 省略几种情况
（1）重复成份
（2）让步转折省略：如although (but)/ even though, when/while/as/once, if/unless：“主be同进退”
（3）定语从句引导词省略which（that ）
（4）定语从句引导词和系动词同时省略， 变成后置定语
九、长句译法
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Although Gutman admits that forced separation by sale was frequent, he shows that the slaves’preference, revealed most clearly on plantations where sale was infrequent, was very much for stable monogamy.
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翻译长句原则
分成几种汉语短句 再依据逻辑顺序，重新安排句子结构:
顺译， 倒译， 分译…
九、长句译法
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顺译法
长句叙述层次与汉语相同时 能够按照英语原文顺序, 依次译出
九、长句译法
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倒译法(变序译法) 叙述层次与汉语相反
主句后面带有很长状语从句(原因、条件、 让步)
主句后面有很长定语或定语从句
更多英语资料 FTP:
ftp://202.201.5九、4长.1句1译/法English/
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精选新概念必背 优秀文章36篇（三册20篇、四册16篇）
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高中英语长难句分析--长句分析2(附语法分析).doc
11. To really develop empathy,you ' b d tter volunteer at a nursing homeor a hospital, joina club or ateamthat hasa diverse membership, have a “ sharingcircle ” with your family, or spendtime caring for petsat ananimal shelter.【句式翻译】要真正开发同理心，你最好在养老院或医院做志愿者，加入一个有多样化的会员的俱乐部或团队，与你的家人有一个“共享圈” ，或者在动物收容所照顾宠物。
【句式分析】本句是复合句，that引导一个非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词aclub or a team, volun teer, jo in, have 和spe nd 是并歹U的谓语动词，To really develop 在… 句中作目的状语。
【词语点拨】volunteerv.志愿n.志愿者Somegraduatesvolunteer to work in the countryside. 一些大学生自愿到农村去。
Shenow helps in a local school asavolunteer three daysa week.目前她在当地的一家学校做志愿工作，一周去3天。
【语法点拨】不定式to do可以作目的状语（其否定形式：n otto do），相当于inorderto do和soasto do （soasto do只能放在句中，不能位于句首）。
如：One should get enoughexerciseto keep healthy.为了维持身体健康，一个人要有足够的锻炼。
To find a better job, a lot of peoplechooseto go to the big cities.为了找份更好的工作，很多人愿意到大城市去。
英语中长句、难句的理解--公开课
英语中长句、难句的理解阅读中常见的普遍语言现象：一、倒装二、省略三、插入四、短语五、并列六、从句一、倒装：Never has he been rude to others. I do doubt the truth of it.Impressive as the record is, it fades next to the story o f Amstrong’s struggle against disease.(unit1)When they get sick, nor can they make sure that their children keep a healthy diet.(unit9) Down flowed the brown cascade.(unit10)常见倒装结构Only 放句首修饰其后的状语So…that 结构中的so 放句首Not until 出现在句首否定词出现在句首：never, hardly, seldom, neither, nor, no sooner, not only等。
副词放句首: out, in, up, down, here, there等二、省略：I won’t go to the party even though invited to.She didn’t know what made him so happy, but I knew quite well. It was taking the first place in the competition.Nothing important. Just that I’m going to lose this new j ob.He visited a lot of museums while in London.三、插入：插入语和分隔结构插入语:In China, as in other countries, the government realises that future welfare of its citizens is closely linked to education.(unit12)This , in my opinion, is only one of the big problems.Who do you believe the teacher had take down the picture?例如do you believe/suppose/think; in fact; however; for one thing;分隔结构:He told us that Mr. Li, the headmaster of the university, would give us a speech on how to grow up.In 1996 Armstrong, the then No 1 cyclist in the world, was diagnosed with cancer and many thought that it meant the end of his career, maybe even his life.(unit1)The fact surprised everyone at present that Japan said the island belonged to it.四、短语：1、动名词短语2、现在分词短语3、不定式短语4、过去分词短语5、介词短语6、独立结构1、动名词短语He insists on the plan being carried out.Learning a language is obviously more than just memorising words, phrases and structures. (unit8)Knowing other people’s shortcomings can help us avoid embarrassing them.(unit11)2、现在分词短语The man standing by the windows is our teacher.Having been separated from other continents for millions of years, Australia has many plants and animals that cannot be found anywhere else in the world.Working in a team, we have to take into account how each individual member works best.3、不定式短语It was not easy to decide what to take and what to leave behind.(unit6)To make the best use of working with our classmates, it is important to recognise their strengths and weakness. (unit11)To know some one’s personality type and ability is to know a great deal about that person.(unit11)4、过去分词短语The earliest Asian cultural relic found in Africa also dates from this period.(unit2)He found 13kinds of finches, related to each other in the structure o f their beaks,tails, shape of body and colour of their feathers.(unit4)He showed that differences between plants of one species occurred as a result of the environmental conditions in their habitat.(unit4)5、介词短语We had to travel about ninety miles without water or grass for the animals to eat. (unit6) With grater control and a stronger sense of achievement, active learners are able to acquire new skills faster and put what they know to better use. (unit8)With that chain on his watch Jim might be properly anxious about the time in any company.(unit 10)6、独立结构:Time permitting, I will finish another lesson.It being Sunday, rather than stay at home, I preferred to travel.五、并列You can learn that the oldest person is a woman who lived to be 122years and 164 days, that the longest moustache reached a length of 1.6 meters and that the longest poisonous snake is 5.71 meters long. (unit1)I feel both proud and concerned about this, proud because America is indeed a great land, and concerned because China, too, is a great land.并列平行结构中的关联词：and, or, but, not only…but also, both…and, either…or, neither…nor等六、从句：1、从句充当成分2、从句中又含从句1、从句充当成分主语从句/表语从句/宾语从句/同位语从句/定语从句/状语从句主语从句What is perhaps the most valuable is what you learn yourself and your ownculture.(unit8)How people are distributed can also affect the education system.(unit12)表语从句However, that was not what she had in mind.(unit11)China is no longer what it used to be.You are saying that everyone should be equal, and this is where I disagree.宾语从句The Guinness company hired two Englishmen to write what later became the Guinness Book of World Records.(unit1)Group work shows us how other people’s roles fit the purpose of the group.(unit11)同位语从句They had no idea what they were up against.A series of programmes and the development of local and nationwide health care networks are signs that the government is serious about health care.(unit9)定语从句Fruit and vegetables are grown in areas where there is enough water.(unit3)The newcomers changed the way land was managed and introduced new plants and animals that were harmful to the Australian ecosystems.(unit3)There are many kinds of birds in Australia, and over 140 species of snakes, many of which are extremely dangerous.(unit 3)Sports teams are made up of a certain number of players, whose common goal is to work together to win a match.(unit11)状语从句Some Australian Aborigines still live in a similar way to their ancestors, while others live in cities, towns and the country in the same way as their fellow Australians.If I hear another word from you, you will go where it is really cold.(unit7)No matter how hard you try, working towards a career for which you are not suitable is not going to get you there.(unit11)2、从句中又含从句Others think that we learn language in the same way we learn other things, such as walking or solving problems, and that what we are born with is a general ability to learn and adapt, not a language-specific part of the brain.(unit8)阅读中常见的特殊语言现象：1、虚拟语气2、标点符号3、It 句子4、否定句1、虚拟语气：Most exchange students say that they feel as if they were truly part of their host families and that they will always stay in touch. (unit8)If I had had insurance, the sickness would’t have cause such a big problem.(unit9)2、标点符号：The other stars on the flag represent the Southern Cross—a group of stars in the southern sky that can be used to find the South Pole.(unit3)Ads are found almost everywhere—they are broadcast on TV and over the radio, posted on the Internet and printed in newspapers and on posters in our cities. (unit5)Some people find ads useful and entertaining; others think that they are annoying. (unit5)Company or product names can have different functions: they can tell the consumer about the advantages of the product or company.(unit5)By the middle of October we set off for our journey across the continent: a journey of about a year, across more than 2,500 miles.(unit6)Passing through the desert, we came out into the Salt Lake Valley, which looked beautiful to us. (unit6)The owners had left everything—and hurried on to save themselves. (unit6)3、It 句子It was the British government that paid for all the equipment and expenses for that part of the expedition.(unit4)But it was not until after the war that he made his most important discovery.(unit9)Is it time that is most needed?When a fire fighter is killed, it is usually because the fire has been burning a long time, causing a wall collapse（倒塌）while the fire is being fought.It 表指代、强调，有时无意义，起平衡句子的作用。
复杂长句的理解与运用备课参考资料...
•[阅读次数:227]前天，我们学校月考，考题中有一道传统的“下定义”题。
原题是这样的：将下列材料整合成一个单句，为“图表教学法”下定义，可以改变语序，增删词语，但不得改变原意。
（1）图表教学法是前苏联教育家沙塔洛夫倡导的一种教学方法。
（2）图表教学法是为了减轻学生负担，提高教学质量而建立起来的...•[阅读次数:651]1、用我三生烟火，换你一世迷离。
2、我自是年少，韶华倾负。
3、长街长，烟花繁，你挑灯回看，短亭短，红尘辗，我把萧再叹。
4、终是谁使弦断，花落肩头，恍惚迷离5、多少红颜悴，多少相思碎，唯留血染墨香?..•[阅读次数:4537]山东省昌乐县第三中学路来森短句，包括短的单句和复句中结构简单的句子。
特点是结构简明，节奏紧凑，表达简洁、明快、有力，一般用于口语或口语化的文体。
短句变长句与长句变短句在思维上正好相反。
从语法上说，就是要以一个核心句为主体，将其它的句子变为核心句的修饰成分。
其基本步骤是： ...•[阅读次数:2386]山东省昌乐县第三中学路来森长句，包括结构复杂的单句和复句中包含着长句的句子，特点是结构复杂、节奏舒缓，表意严密、细致、精确。
长句一般用于书面语。
长句变短句是将一个结构复杂的长句，变成复句或句群。
现以2004年全国高考语文试题中出现的一道题目为例，将长句变短句中的基本步骤例?..•短句改长句技巧点拨(教师中心稿)[阅读次数:1452]短句改长句技巧点拨武汉市江夏区第一中学赵孝云在高考语文试题中有句式变换题：短句改为长句，长句改为短句，重组句子。
短句指的是字数少，结构比较简单的句子。
其特点是表意灵活，简单明快，节奏感强。
变换句式的原则是变换后的句子要保留原义。
短句改长句可按两...•长短句变换有诀窍(网友来稿)[阅读次数:3140]四川省宣汉中学刘廷富一、明确特征长变短就是把原来单句中的修饰成分变成几个复句分句或一个句组，变换后的短句既可以是单句，也可以是复句或句群，但必须是一句或一段中心明确、内容完整、语句连贯的话。
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＜长句难句精讲精练＞讲义第一部分课程简介：1、复习句子结构2、扫除长难句的句子障碍3、攻克长难句：剖析其结构、总结其特征、推敲其译文4、实战演练：分析真题第二部分课程内容：1.2.一．简单句3.4.5.简单句的核心:n.+v. （动词的时态，语态，情态，否定）Eg: The AAAS displays great enthusiasm for liberal education.Crying is hardly an activity encouraged by society.定语的翻译方法：（一）前置定语——直来直去their responsibility 他们的责任形容词性物主代词scientific revolution 科技革命，形容词作定语Driving force 驱动力现在分词作定语KFC (Kentucky Fried Chicken) 名词，过去分词作定语（二）后置定语1.简单的后置定语——倒转乾坤形容词短语： a bottle full of water 形容词+介词+名词现在分词短语：the girl riding a bike 现在分词+名词the wallet lying on the floor 现在分词+介词+名词the man arguing reading has little effect on our life 现在分词+句子过去分词短语：the book published last week 过去分词+名词some new computer programs designed for home buildings. 过去分词+介词+名词the law intended to preserve wild life. 过去分词+to do+名词动词不定式短语：to do +名词the chance to improve your abilityThe power for science to serve mankind介词短语：the photo on the wall表语形容词后置：100 people present修饰不定代词的定语后置：something important2.复杂的后置定语——一拆为二当一个单词或是词组的后置定语的意义和结构较为复杂的时候，我们把它倒置放在被修饰的单词或是词组的前面显得过于臃肿，这时我们就要考虑把后置定语拆开单独翻译，这种方法我们称之为：一拆为二Eg：Some of these causes are completely reasonable results of social needs. Others are reasonable consequences of particular advances in science being to some extent self-accelerating.3.多重后置定语——后浪推前浪典型特征：A（中心词）+介词（of）+B+介词（of）+C+….Eg: the insights of great men of geniusthe evidence from experience concerning comparative validitypart of an exchange of duties and entitlements.真题演练：划出定语，提主干1.The Spanish case provides arguments both for and against monarchy.2.Professionals trying to acquire new skills will be able to do so without going into debt.3.The challenge of coping with automation underlines the need for the U.S. to revive its fadingbusiness dynamism.4.Sadly, the spirit of inquiry once at home on campus has been replaced by the use of thehumanities and social sciences as vehicles for publicizing "progressive," or left-liberalpropaganda.1.递进关系：2.转折关系：二.并列句3.因果关系：4.选择关系：并列句的构成：多个简单句+并列连词并列句的省略：相同的成分可以省略，余下的部分保持不变Eg：l like you，but just like you.The program keeps track of your progress and provides detailed feedback on your performance and improvement.Many of the ship were lost in storms, many passengers died of disease, and infants rarely survived the journey.真题演练：请找到并列连词，并划出并列的部分1.Technology will improve society in ways big and small over the next few years, yet this willbe little comfort to those who find their lives and careers upended by automation. （2018）2.The potential of this work applied to healthcare is very great, but it could also lead to furtherconcentration of power in the tech giants.(2018)3.Money may not quite buy happiness, but people in wealthier countries are generally happierthan those in poor ones. Yet the link between feeling good and spending money on others can be seen among rich and poor people around the world, and scarcity enhances the pleasure of most things for most people.(2014)1. 1.2.三．复合句 2. 3.=主句+从句 4.3.（一）定语从句1.定语从句的概述定义：结构：先行词n.+关系词+陈述句先行词：关系词：（先行词=关系词）分类：Eg:The U.S. needs the new companies that will invent them.Destroying the machines that are coming for our jobs would be nuts.2.定语从句的翻译技巧：*前置法当一个限定性定语从句结构和意义较为简单，或是较为简短时，我们把英语原文的定语从句翻译成带“的”的定语词组, 放置于被修饰的词之前, 将英语原文的复合句翻译成汉语的简单句。
Eg: But even more important, it was the farthest that scientists had been able to look into the past, for what they were seeing were the patterns and structures that existed 15 billion years ago.*单独成句当一个限定性定语从句的结构较为复杂，意义较为繁杂的时候，如果把它翻译在其修饰的先行词的后面的话，会显得定语太过于臃肿和复杂，而无法让评卷老师看的清清楚楚，明明白白。
所以这个时候我们要把定语从句单独翻译出来, 放置于原来它所修饰的词的后面当定语。
Eg: The Industrial Revolution didn't go so well for Luddites whose jobs were displaced by mechanized looms, but it eventually raised living standards and created more jobs than it destroyed.The Greeks assumed that the structure of language had some connection with the process of thought, which took root in Europe long before people realized how diverse languages could be. *融合法把主句和定语从句融合成一个简单句，定语从句译成谓语。
这种方法一般用于限制性定语从句，尤其是“there be”句型中。
Eg:There is a girl downstairs who wants to see you.There are many people who are interested in the new invention.真题演练：1.Young people who are digital natives are indeed becoming more skillful at separating fact from fiction in cyberspace.2.Technology will improve society in ways big and small over the next few years, yet this will be little comfort to those who find their lives and careers upended by automation (2018)3.And there are the townsfolk who largely live off the tourists who come, not to see the plays, but to look at Anne Hathaway’s Cottage, Shakespeare’s birthplace and the other sights.4.Students also benefit from learning something about coding before they get to college,where introductory computer-science classes are packed to the brim, which can drive the less-experienced or-determined students away.（2016）（二）名词性从句1.主语从句结构：关系连词+句子+动词It+be+adj./n./p.p+关系连词+句子It+vi+thatEg:When we can begin the expedition is still a question.2.宾语从句结构：Vt+连接词+句子Prep.(介词)+连接词+句子Vt+it+ adj./n./p.p+连接词+句子Eg: Researchers admit that their study does not answer the question at how much businesses ought to spend on CSR.(2016)I regard it as an honor that I am chosen to attend the meeting.3.表语从句结构：系动词+连接词+句子Eg:The question remains whether we can win the majority of the people.4.同位语从句结构：名词+ that + 陈述句名词+其他成分+that +陈述句定义：同位语从句是名词性从句的一种，常常置于fact, news , idea , assumption , belief , theory , possibility , conclusion , suggestion , promise等名词后面，一般用that来引导，但that在整个从句中不做任何成分，但是绝对不能省略。