国际民用航空公约(中英文)

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国际民航公约

国际民航公约

日本章鱼烧
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各色天妇罗
刺身
• 刺身(日语音“杀西米”) 是将新鲜的鱼、贝、牛肉等原 料,依照适当的刀法加工,享 用时佐以用酱油与山葵泥调出 来的酱料的一种生食料理。 • 以前,日本北海道渔民在 供应生鱼片时,由于去皮后的 鱼片不易辨清种类,故经常会 取一些鱼皮,再用竹签刺在鱼 片上,以方便大家识别。这刺 在鱼片上的竹签和鱼皮,当初 被称作“刺身”,后来虽然不用 这种方法了,但“刺身”这个叫 法仍被保留下来。
面食
乌冬面
拉面
荞麦面 素面
なっとう 納豆
納豆は大豆を納豆菌によって発酵させた日本の食 品。 纳豆是大豆经纳豆菌发酵而成,盛产于日本的一种 保健食品。目前,全世界,尤其是整个东南亚的人 们对纳豆的作用高度认可,食用者众多。 日本人主要食用咸纳豆与拉丝纳豆,关西人喜欢前 者,关东人则爱吃后者(丝越长说明纳豆发酵的效 果越充分,质量越好)。
握寿司(江户派)
箱寿司(关西派)
寿司的两大派别
日本寿司分两大派别:
一、江户派
握寿司 二、关西派 箱寿司(在盒子里糅合各种材 料制作的寿司艺术品。大阪的最有名) 两相对比之下,握寿司更让大家青睐。因为 不使用任何模具,全靠寿司师傅手工握制而 成,这样不仅可以保证米饭的颗粒圆润,同 时也有效地保持了米饭的醇香。
樱花--日本国花
日本,被誉为“樱花之国”。蔷薇科的落叶树。四 月花开,但盛花期只有六七天。樱花在日本从南向 北陆续开放。爱花者,可以从南起伴着樱花花容向 北,赏花长达半年之久。
日本和服
• 和服指的是日本 传统民族服装, 在日语称为“着 物(Kimono)”; 因为是由中国隋 唐服式改制的, 又称吴服。

国际民用航空公约【芝加哥】

国际民用航空公约【芝加哥】

Convention on International Civil AviationPreambleWHEREAS the future development of international civil aviation can greatly help to create and preserve friendship and understanding among the nations and peoples of the world, yet its abuse can become a threat to the general security; and WHEREAS it is desirable to avoid friction and to promote that cooperation between nations and peoples upon which the peace of the world depends;THEREFORE, the undersigned governments having agreed on certain principles and arrangements in order that international civil aviation may be developed in a safe and orderly manner and that international air transport services may be established on the basis of equality of opportunity and operated soundly and economically; Have accordingly concluded this Convention to that end.Came into force on 4 April 1947, the thirtieth day after deposit with the Government of the United States of America of the twenty-sixth instrument of ratification thereof or notification of adherence thereto, in accordance with Article 91 (b ). Part I - Air navigationChapter I - General Principles and Application of the ConventionArticle 1 - SovereigntyThe contracting States recognize that every State has complete and exclusive sovereignty over the airspace above its territory.Article 2 - TerritoryFor the purposes of this Convention the territory of a State shall be deemed to be the land areas and territorial waters adjacent thereto under the sovereignty, suzerainty, protection or mandate of such State.Article 3 - Civil and state aircraft(a) This Convention shall be applicable only to civil aircraft, and shall not be applicable to state aircraft.(b) Aircraft used in military, customs and police services shall be deemed to be state aircraft.(c) No state aircraft of a contracting State shall fly over the territory of another State or land thereon without authorization by special agreement or otherwise, andin accordance with the terms thereof.(d) The contracting States undertake, when issuing regulations for their state aircraft, that they will have due regard for the safety of navigation of civil aircraft.Article 3 bisa) The contracting States recognize that every State must refrain from resorting to the use of weapons against civil aircraft in flight and that, in case of interception, the lives of persons on board and the safety of aircraft must not be endangered. This provision shall not be interpreted as modifying in any way the rights and obligations of States set forth in the Charter of the United Nations.b) The contracting States recognize that every State, in the exercise of its sovereignty, is entitled to require the landing at some designated airport of a civil aircraft flying above its territory without authority or if there are reasonable grounds to conclude that it is being used for any purpose inconsistent with the aims of this Convention; it may also give such aircraft any other instructions to put an end to such violations. For this purpose, the contracting States may resort to any appropriate means consistent with relevant rules of international law, including the relevant provisions of this Convention, specifically paragraph a) of this Article. Each contracting State agrees to publish its regulations in force regarding the interception of civil aircraft.c) Every civil aircraft shall comply with an order given in conformity with paragraph b) of this Article. To this end each contracting State shall establish all necessary provisions in its national laws or regulations to make such compliance mandatory for any civil aircraft registered in that State or operated by an operator who has his principal place of business or permanent residence in that State. Each contracting State shall make any violation of such applicable laws or regulations punishable by severe penalties and shall submit the case to its competent authorities in accordance with its laws or regulations.d) Each contracting State shall take appropriate measures to prohibit the deliberateuse of any civil aircraft registered in that State or operated by an operator who has his principal place of business or permanent residence in that State for any purpose inconsistent with the aims of this Convention. This provision shall not affect paragraph a) or derogate from paragraphs b) and c) of this Article. Article 4 - Misuse of civil aviationEach contracting State agrees not to use civil aviation for any purpose inconsistent with the aims of this Convention.Chapter II - Flight over territory of Contracting StatesArticle 5 - Right of non-scheduled flightEach contracting State agrees that all aircraft of the other contracting States, being aircraft not engaged in scheduled international air services shall have the right, subject to the observance of the terms of this Convention, to make flights into or in transit non-stop across its territory and to make stops for non-traffic purposes without the necessity of obtaining prior permission, and subject to the right of the State flown over to require landing. Each contracting State nevertheless reserves the right, for reasons of safety of flight, to require aircraft desiring to proceed over regions which are inaccessible or without adequate air navigation facilities to follow prescribed routes, or to obtain special permission for such flights.Such aircraft, if engaged in the carriage of passengers, cargo, or mail for remuneration or hire on other than scheduled international air services, shall also, subject to the provisions of Article 7, have the privilege of taking on or discharging passengers, cargo, or mail, subject to the right of any State where such embarkation or discharge takes place to impose such regulations, conditions or limitations as it may consider desirable.Article 6 - Scheduled air servicesNo scheduled international air service may be operated over or into the territory of a contracting State, except with the special permission or other authorization of that State, and in accordance with the terms of such permission or authorization. Article 7 - CabotageEach contracting State shall have the right to refuse permission to the aircraft of other contracting States to take on in its territory passengers, mail and cargo carried for remuneration or hire and destined for another point within its territory.Each contracting State undertakes not to enter into any arrangements which specifically grant any such privilege on an exclusive basis to any other State or an airline of any other State, and not to obtain any such exclusive privilege from any other State.Article 8 - Pilotless aircraftNo aircraft capable of being flown without a pilot shall be flown without a pilot over the territory of a contracting State without special authorization by that State and in accordance with the terms of such authorization. Each contracting State undertakes to insure that the flight of such aircraft without a pilot in regions open to civil aircraft shall be so controlled as to obviate danger to civil aircraft. Article 9 - Prohibited areas(a) Each contracting State may, for reasons of military necessity or public safety, restrict or prohibit uniformly the aircraft of other States from flying over certain areas of its territory, provided that no distinction in this respect is made between the aircraft of the State whose territory is involved, engaged in international scheduled airline services, and the aircraft of the other contracting States likewise engaged. Such prohibited areas shall be of reasonable extent and location so as not to interfere unnecessarily with air navigation. Descriptions of such prohibited areas in the territory of a contracting State, as well as any subsequent alterations therein, shall be communicated as soon as possible to the other contracting States and to the International Civil Aviation Organization.(b) Each contracting State reserves also the right, in exceptional circumstances or during a period of emergency, or in the interest of public safety, and with immediate effect, temporarily to restrict or prohibit flying over the whole or any part of its territory, on condition that such restriction or prohibition shall be applicable without distinction of nationality to aircraft of all other States.(c) Each contracting State, under such regulations as it may prescribe, may require any aircraft entering the areas contemplated in subparagraphs (a) or (b) above to effect a landing as soon as practicable thereafter at some designated airport within its territory.Article 10 - Landing at customs airportExcept in a case where, under the terms of this Convention or a special authorization, aircraft are permitted to cross the territory of a contracting State without landing,every aircraft which enters the territory of a contracting State shall, if the regulations of that State so require, land at an airport designated by that State for the purpose of customs and other examination. On departure from the territory of a contracting State, such aircraft shall depart from a similarly designated customs airport. Particulars of all designated customs airports shall be published by the State and transmitted to the International Civil Aviation Organization established under Part 11 of this Convention for communication to all other contracting States.Article 11 - Applicability of air regulationsSubject to the provisions of this Convention, the laws and regulations of a contracting State relating to the admission to or departure from its territory of aircraft engaged in international air navigation, or to the operation and navigation of such aircraft while within its territory, shall be applied to the aircraft of all contracting States without distinction as to nationality, and shall be complied with by such aircraft upon entering or departing from or while within the territory of that State.Article 12 - Rules of the airEach contracting State undertakes to adopt measures to insure that every aircraft flying over or maneuvering within its territory and that every aircraft carrying its nationality mark, wherever such aircraft may be, shall comply with the rules and regulations relating to the flight and maneuver of aircraft there in force. Each contracting State undertakes to keep its own regulations in these respects uniform, to the greatest possible extent, with those established from time to time under this Convention. Over the high seas, the rules in force shall be those established under this Convention. Each contracting State undertakes to insure the prosecution of all persons violating the regulations applicable.Article 13 - Entry and clearance regulationsThe laws and regulations of a contracting State as to the admission to or departure from its territory of passengers, crew or cargo of aircraft, such as regulations relating to entry, clearance, immigration, passports, customs, and quarantine shall be complied with by or on behalf of such passengers, crew or cargo upon entrance into or departure from, or while within the territory of that State.Article 14 - Prevention of spread of diseaseEach contracting State agrees to take effective measures to prevent the spread by means of air navigation of cholera, typhus (epidemic), smallpox, yellow fever, plague, and such other communicable diseases as the contracting States shall from time to time decide to designate, and to that end contracting States will keep in close consultation with the agencies concerned with international regulations relating to sanitary measures applicable to aircraft. Such consultation shall be without prejudice to the application of any existing international convention on this subject to which the contracting States may be parties.Article 15 - Airport and similar chargesEvery airport in a contracting State which is open to public use by its national aircraft shall likewise, subject to the provisions of Article 68, be open under uniform conditions to the aircraft of all the other contracting States. The like uniform conditions shall apply to the use, by aircraft of every contracting State, of all air navigation facilities, including radio and meteorological services, which may be provided for public use for the safety and expedition of air navigation. Any charges that may be imposed or permitted to be imposed by a contracting State for the use of such airports and air navigation facilities by the aircraft of any other contracting State shall not be higher,(a) As to aircraft not engaged in scheduled international air services, than those that would be paid by its national aircraft of the same class engaged in similar operations, and(b) As to aircraft engaged in scheduled international air services, than those that would be paid by its national aircraft engaged in similar international air services. All such charges shall be published and communicated to the International Civil Aviation Organization, provided that, upon representation by an interested contracting State, the charges imposed for the use of airports and other facilities shall be subject to review by the Council, which shall report and make recommendations thereon for the consideration of the State or States concerned. No fees, dues or other charges shall be imposed by any contracting State in respect solely of the right of transit over or entry into or exit from its territory of any aircraft of a contracting State or persons or property thereon.Article 16 - Search of aircraftThe appropriate authorities of each of the contracting States shall have the right, without unreasonable delay, to search aircraft of the other contracting States on landing or departure, and to inspect the certificates and other documents prescribed by this Convention.Chapter III - Nationality of aircraftArticle 17 - Nationality of aircraftAircraft have the nationality of the State in which they are registered.Article 18 - Dual registrationAn aircraft cannot be validly registered in more than one State, but its registration may be changed from one State to another.Article 19 - National laws governing registrationThe registration or transfer of registration of aircraft in any contracting State shall be made in accordance with its laws and regulations.Article 20 - Display of marksEvery aircraft engaged in international air navigation shall bear its appropriate nationality and registration marks.Article 21 - Report of registrationsEach contracting State undertakes to supply to any other contracting State or to the International Civil Aviation Organization, on demand, information concerning the registration and ownership of any particular aircraft registered in that State. In addition, each contracting State shall furnish reports to the International Civil Aviation Organization, under such regulations as the latter may prescribe, giving such pertinent data as can be made available concerning the ownership and control of aircraft registered in that State and habitually engaged in international air navigation. The data thus obtained by the International Civil Aviation Organization shall be made available by it on request to the other contracting States. Chapter IV - Measures to facilitate air navigationArticle 22 - Facilitation of formalitiesEach contracting State agrees to adopt all practicable measures, through the issuance of special regulations or otherwise, to facilitate and expedite navigation by aircraft between the territories of contracting States, and to prevent unnecessary delays to aircraft, crews, passengers and cargo, especially in theadministration of the laws relating to immigration, quarantine, customs and clearance.Article 23 - Customs and immigration proceduresEach contracting State undertakes, so far as it may find practicable, to establish customs and immigration procedures affecting international air navigation in accordance with the practices which may be established or recommended from time to time, pursuant to this Convention. Nothing in this Convention shall be construed as preventing the establishment of customs-free airports.Article 24 - Customs duty(a) Aircraft on a flight to, from, or across the territory of another contracting State shall be admitted temporarily free of duty, subject to the customs regulations of the State. Fuel, lubricating oils, spare parts, regular equipment and aircraft stores on board an aircraft of a contracting State, on arrival in the territory of another contracting State and retained on board on leaving the territory of that State shall be exempt from customs duty, inspection fees or similar national or local duties and charges. This exemption shall not apply to any quantities or articles unloaded, except in accordance with the customs regulations of the State, which may require that they shall be kept under customs supervision.(b) Spare parts and equipment imported into the territory of a contracting State for incorporation in or use on an aircraft of another contracting State engaged in international air navigation shall be admitted free of customs duty, subject to compliance with the regulations of the State concerned, which may provide that the articles shall be kept under customs supervision and control.Article 25 - Aircraft in distressEach contracting State undertakes to provide such measures of assistance to aircraft in distress in its territory as it may find practicable, and to permit, subject to control by its own authorities, the owners of the aircraft or authorities of the State in which the aircraft is registered to provide such measures of assistance as may be necessitated by the circumstances. Each contracting State, when undertaking search for missing aircraft, will collaborate in coordinated measures which may be recommended from time to time pursuant to this Convention.Article 26 - Investigation of accidentsIn the event of an accident to an aircraft of a contracting State occurring in the territory of another contracting State, and involving death or serious injury, or indicating serious technical defect in the aircraft or air navigation facilities, the State in which the accident occurs will institute an inquiry into the circumstances of the accident, in accordance, so far as its laws permit, with the procedure which may be recommended by the International Civil Aviation Organization. The State in which the aircraft is registered shall be given the opportunity to appoint observers to be present at the inquiry and the State holding the inquiry shall communicate the report and findings in the matter to that State.Article 27 - Exemption from seizure on patent claims(a) While engaged in international air navigation, any authorized entry of aircraft of a contracting State into the territory of another contracting State or authorized transit across the territory of such State with or without landings shall not entail any seizure or detention of the aircraft or any claim against the owner or operator thereof or any other interference therewith by or on behalf of such State or any person therein, on the ground that the construction, mechanism, parts, accessories or operation of the aircraft is an infringement of any patent, design, or model duly granted or registered in the State whose territory is entered by the aircraft, it being agreed that no deposit of security in connection with the foregoing exemption from seizure or detention of the aircraft shall in any case be required in the State entered by such aircraft.(b) The provisions of paragraph (a) of this Article shall also be applicable to the storage of spare parts and spare equipment for the aircraft and the right to use and install the same in the repair of an aircraft of a contracting State in the territory of any other contracting State, provided that any patented part or equipment so stored shall not be sold or distributed internally in or exported commercially from the contracting State entered by the aircraft.(c) The benefits of this Article shall apply only to such States, parties to this Convention, as either (1) are parties to the International Convention for the Protection of Industrial Property and to any amendments thereof; or (2) have enactedpatent laws which recognize and give adequate protection to inventions made by the nationals of the other States parties to this Convention.Article 28 - Air navigation facilities and standard systemsEach contracting State undertakes, so far as it may find practicable, to:(a) Provide, in its territory, airports, radio services, meteorological services and other air navigation facilities to facilitate international air navigation, in accordance with the standards and practices recommended or established from time to time, pursuant to this Convention;(b) Adopt and put into operation the appropriate standard systems of communications procedure, codes, markings, signals, lighting and other operational practices and rules which may be recommended or established from time to time, pursuant to this Convention;(c) Collaborate in international measures to secure the publication of aeronautical maps and charts in accordance with standards which may be recommended or established from time to time, pursuant to this Convention.Chapter V - Conditions to be fulfilled with respect to aircraftArticle 29 - Documents carried in aircraftEvery aircraft of a contracting State, engaged in international navigation, shall carry the following documents in conformity with the conditions prescribed in this Convention:(a) Its certificate of registration;(b) Its certificate of airworthiness;(c) The appropriate licenses for each member of the crew;(d) Its journey log book;(e) If it is equipped with radio apparatus, the aircraft radio station license;(f) If it carries passengers, a list of their names and places of embarkation and destination;(g) If it carries cargo, a manifest and detailed declarations of the cargo. Article 30 - Aircraft radio equipment(a) Aircraft of each contracting State may, in or over the territory of other contracting States, carry radio transmitting apparatus only if a license to install and operate such apparatus has been issued by the appropriate authorities of the State in which the aircraft is registered. The use of radio transmitting apparatusin the territory of the contracting State whose territory is flown over shall be in accordance with the regulations prescribed by that State.(b) Radio transmitting apparatus may be used only by members of the flight crew who are provided with a special license for the purpose, issued by the appropriate authorities of the State in which the aircraft is registered.Article 31 - Certificates of airworthinessEvery aircraft engaged in international navigation shall be provided with a certificate of airworthiness issued or rendered valid by the State in which it is registered.Article 32 - Licenses of personnel(a) The pilot of every aircraft and the other members of the operating crew of every aircraft engaged in international navigation shall be provided with certificates of competency and licenses issued or rendered valid by the State in which the aircraft is registered.(b) Each contracting State reserves the right to refuse to recognize, for the purpose of flight above its own territory, certificates of competency and licenses granted to any of its nationals by another contracting State.Article 33 - Recognition of certificates and licensesCertificates of airworthiness and certificates of competency and licenses issued or rendered valid by the contracting State in which the aircraft is registered, shall be recognized as valid by the other contracting States, provided that the requirements under which such certificates or licenses were issued or rendered valid are equal to or above the minimum standards which may be established from time to time pursuant to this Convention.Article 34 - Journey log booksThere shall be maintained in respect of every aircraft engaged in international navigation a journey log book in which shall be entered particulars of the aircraft, its crew and of each journey, in such form as may be prescribed from time to time pursuant to this Convention.Article 35 - Cargo restrictions(a) No munitions of war or implements of war may be carried in or above the territory of a State in aircraft engaged in international navigation, except by permission of such State. Each State shall determine by regulations what constitutes munitionsof war or implements of war for the purposes of this Article, giving due consideration, for the purposes of uniformity, to such recommendations as the International Civil Aviation Organization may from time to time make.(b) Each contracting State reserves the right, for reasons of public order and safety, to regulate or prohibit the carriage in or above its territory of articles other than those enumerated in paragraph (a): provided that no distinction is made in this respect between its national aircraft engaged in international navigation and the aircraft of the other States so engaged; and provided further that no restriction shall be imposed which may interfere with the carriage and use on aircraft of apparatus necessary for the operation or navigation of the aircraft or the safety of the personnel or passengers.Article 36 - Photographic apparatusEach contracting State may prohibit or regulate the use of photographic apparatus in aircraft over its territory.Chapter VI - International standards and recommended practicesArticle 37 - Adoption of international standards and proceduresEach contracting State undertakes to collaborate in securing the highest practicable degree of uniformity in regulations, standards, procedures, and organization in relation to aircraft, personnel, airways and auxiliary services in all matters in which such uniformity will facilitate and improve air navigation.To this end the International Civil Aviation Organization shall adopt and amend from time to time, as may be necessary, international standards and recommended practices and procedures dealing with:(a) Communications systems and air navigation aids, including ground marking;(b) Characteristics of airports and landing areas;(c) Rules of the air and air traffic control practices;(d) Licensing of operating and mechanical personnel;(e) Airworthiness of aircraft;(f) Registration and identification of aircraft;(g) Collection and exchange of meteorological information;(h) Log books;(i) Aeronautical maps and charts;(j) Customs and immigration procedures;(k) Aircraft in distress and investigation of accidents;and such other matters concerned with the safety, regularity, and efficiency of air navigation as may from time to time appear appropriate.Article 38 - Departures from international standards and proceduresAny State which finds it impracticable to comply in all respects with any such international standard or procedure, or to bring its own regulations or practices into full accord with any international standard or procedure after amendment of the latter, or which deems it necessary to adopt regulations or practices differing in any particular respect from those established by an international standard, shall give immediate notification to the International Civil Aviation Organization of the differences between its own practice and that established by the international standard. In the case of amendments to international standards, any State which does not make the appropriate amendments to its own regulations or practices shall give notice to the Council within sixty days of the adoption of the amendment to the international standard, or indicate the action which it proposes to take. In any such case, the Council shall make immediate notification to all other states of the difference which exists between one or more features of an international standard and the corresponding national practice of that State.Article 39 - Endorsement of certificates and licenses(a) Any aircraft or part thereof with respect to which there exists an international standard of airworthiness or performance, and which failed in any respect to satisfy that standard at the time of its certification, shall have endorsed on or attached to its airworthiness certificate a complete enumeration of the details in respect of which it so failed.(b) Any person holding a license who does not satisfy in full the conditions laid down in the international standard relating to the class of license or certificate which he holds shall have endorsed on or attached to his license a complete enumeration of the particulars in which he does not satisfy such conditions. Article 40 - Validity of endorsed certificates and licensesNo aircraft or personnel having certificates or licenses so endorsed shall participate in international navigation, except with the permission of the State or States whose territory is entered. The registration or use of any such aircraft, or of any certificated aircraft part, in any State other than that in which it was。

unit1 chicargo convention

unit1 chicargo convention
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(2)非运输义务性(比如加油、修理)降停的权利;
(3)卸下来自航空器所属国领土的旅客、货物和邮 件的权利; (4)装载前往航空器所属国领土的旅客、货物和邮 件的权利;
• 编辑本段开展国际民航日的意义 • 开展“国际民航日”活动的目的主要 是为了在全世界树立和加强对国际民航在 各国社会和经济发展中重要性的认识,同 时强调国际民航组织在促进国际航空运输 的安全、高效和正常方面所起到的作用。
国际民用航空公约(The International Civil Aviation Covenant
习称“芝加哥公约”。有关国际民用航空在政治、经济、 技术等方面问题的国际公约。国际民用航空公约是194 4年12月7日在芝加哥召开的国际民用航空会议上签订 的有关民航的公约。1947年4月4日起生效。 编辑本段历史 国际民用航空组织于1944年12月7日通过《国 际民用航空公约》,因其在美国城市芝加哥签订,故又称 其为《芝加哥公约》。根据芝加哥公约的规定,1947 年4月1日,国际民航组织正式成立。1992年9月召 开的国际民航组织第29届大会作出决议,自芝加哥公约 签署50周年的1994年起,将每年的12月7日定为 “国际民航日”。我国于1974年2月15日承认该公约, 同时决定参加国际民用航空组织的活动。


• 6争议和违约:公约规定,缔约国发生争议可提交理事会 裁决,或向国际法庭上诉;对空运企业不遵守公约规定者, 理事会可停止其飞行权;对违反规定的缔约国,可暂停其 在大会、理事会的表决权。 • 编辑本段权利和影响 • 《芝加哥公约》是迄今为止最重要的有关国际航空的 国际公约,它承认缔约国对本国的领空享有主权。国际民 用航空组织的缔约国还签订了两项适用于国际定期航班的 特别协议,即《国际航空过境协议》和《国际航空运输协 议》。这两项协议规定,每一个缔约国应当给予其它缔约 国五项权利: (1)不降停而飞跃一国领土的权利; •

国际组织中英文互译

国际组织中英文互译

秘书处Secretariat国际电信联盟International Telecommunication Union ( ITU)国际法庭International Court of Justice (ICJ)国际海事组织International Maritime Organization (IMO)国际开发协会international development association (IDA)国际劳工组织international labor organization (ILO)国际民用航空组织international civil aviation organization (ICAO) 国际农业发展基金international fund for agricultural development IFAD国际航空运输协会international air transport association IATA国际能源机构international energy agency IEA国际货币基金组织international monetary fund IAEA国际原子能机构international atomic energy agency IAEA联合国大会general assembly of the United Nations UNGA联合国安全理事会United Nations security council SC联合国经济及社会理事会United nations economic and social council ECOSOC*联合国人权委员会United nations commission on human rights UNCHR联合国儿童基金会United nations children’s fund UNICEF 联合国工业发展组织United nations industrial development organization UNIDO联合国环境规划署United nations environmental programme UNEP联合国教育科学文化组织United nations educational, scientific and cultural organization UNESCO联合国开发计划署United nations development programme UNDP 联合国粮食及农业组织Food and agricultural organization of the United Nations FAO联合国国际贸易法委员会United nations commission on international trade law UNCITRAL联合国贸易和发展会议United nations conference trade and development UNCTAD联合国难民事务高级难民专员办事处Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees UNHCR*联合国人口活动基金United Nations Population Fund UNFPA联合国特别基金United Nations Special Fund UNSF联合国训练研究所United Nations Institute for Training and Research UNITAR联合国欧洲经济委员会United nations economic commission for Europe UNECE世界粮食理事会World Food council WFC世界贸易组织world trade organization WTO世界气象组织World meteorological organization WMO世界卫生组织World health organization WHO世界知识产权组织World intellectual property organization WIPO 世界旅游组织World tourism organization UNWTO世界银行/国际复兴开发银行World bank/ international bank for reconstruction and development IBRD世界能源理事会World energy council WEC世界人权大会World Conference on Human Right世界伊斯兰/犹太人大会World Islamic/Jewish Congress世界宗教和平大会World Conference on Religion and Peace (WCRP) 托管理事会Trusteeship council TC万国邮政联盟Universal postal union UPU非洲开发银行African development bank ADB非洲开发基金African development Fund ADF安第斯共同体Andean community阿拉伯经济和社会发展基金会Arab fund for economic and social development AFESD阿拉伯议会联盟Arab inter-parliamentary Union AIPU阿拉伯石油输出国组织Organization of Arab Petroleum Exporting Countries (OAPEC)石油输出国组织Organization of the petroleum exporting countries OPEC亚非会议(万隆会议)Asian-African conference ( BandungConference)亚洲开发银行Asia development bank ADB亚太经济合作组织Asia-Pacific economic cooperation APEC亚太安全合作理事会Council on Security Cooperation in Asia and Pacific Region (CSCAP)*中非国家银行Bank of central African states BEAC博鳌亚洲论坛Boao forum for Asia BFA*国际展览局Bureau of international expositions BIE加勒比共同体和共同市场Caribbean community and common market CARICOM中美洲经济一体化银行Central American bank for economic integration BCIE/CABEI中美洲一体化体系Central American integration system SICA东非共同体East African community EAC东南亚国家联盟Association of Southeast Asian Nation (ASEAN) 中部非洲国家经济共同体economic community of central African states ECCAS欧洲复兴开发银行European bank for reconstruction and development EBRD欧洲中央银行European central bank ECB欧洲自由贸易联盟European free trade association EFTA欧洲经济合作组织Organization for European EconomicCooperation (OEEC)欧洲联盟(欧盟)European Union (EU)反洗钱金融行动特别工作组Financial action task force on money laundering FATF环印度洋地区合作联盟Indian ocean rim association for regional cooperation IOR-ARC美洲开发银行Inter-American development bank IDB拉美经济体系Latin American economic system LAES/SELA 拉美一体化协会Latin American integration association LAIA 拉丁美洲和加勒比经济委员会Economic commission for Latin America and the Caribbean ECLA拉丁美洲共同市场Latin American Common Market (LACM)拉丁美洲自由贸易区Latin American Free Trade Area (LAFTA)非洲发展新伙伴计划New partnership for Africa’s development NEPAD北大西洋公约组织North Atlantic treaty organization NATO北美自由贸易区North American Free Trade Area/Zone (NAFTA) 经济合作与发展组织Organization for economic cooperation and development OECD太平洋共同体Pacific community PC太平洋岛国论坛Pacific islands forum太平洋自由贸易区Atlantic Free Trade Area/Zone (AFTA)上海合作组织Shanghai cooperation organization SCO南方共同市场South American common market MERCOSUR南南磋商与合作首脑级集团(15国集团) Summit level group for south-south consultation and cooperation (Group 15)南南会议South-South Conference不结盟运动Non-Aligned Movement七国集团Group of Seven (G7)英联邦British Commonwealth of Nation (Commonwealth)西方七国首脑大会Seven-Nation Economic Summit (G7 Summit)。

国际民用航空公约

国际民用航空公约

国际民用航空公约一九四四年十二月七日订于芝加哥序言鉴于国际民用航空的未来发展对建立和保持世界各国之间和人民之间的友谊和了解大有帮助,而其滥用足以威胁普遍安全;又鉴于希望避免各国之间和人民之间的磨擦并促进其合作,世界和平有赖于此;因此,下列签字各国政府议定了若干原则和办法,使国际民用航空按照安全和有秩序的方式发展,并使国际航空运输业务建立在机会均等的基础上,健康地和经济地经营;为此目的缔结本公约。

第一部分空中航行第一章公约的一般原则和适用第一条 主权各缔约国承认每一国家对其领土之上的空域具有完全的和排他的主权。

第二条 领土本公约所指一国的领土,应认为是在该国主权、宗主权、保护或委任统治下的陆地区域及与其邻接的领水。

第三条 民用航空器和国家航空器一、本公约仅适用于民用航空器,不适用于国家航空器。

二、用于军事、海关和警察部门的航空器,应认为是国家航空器。

三、一缔约国的国家航空器,未经特别协定或其他方式的许可并遵照其中的规定,不得在另一缔约国领土上空飞行或在此领土上降落。

四、各缔约国承允在发布关于其国家航空器的规章时,对民用航空器的航行安全予以应有的注意。

第四条 民用航空的滥用各缔约国同意不将民用航空用于和本公约的宗旨不相符的任何目的。

第二章在缔约国领土上空飞行第五条 不定期飞行的权利各缔约国同意其他缔约国的一切不从事定期国际航班飞行的航空器,在遵守本公约规定的条件下,不需要事先获准,有权飞入或飞经其领土而不降落,以及作非商业性降落,但飞经国有权令其降落。

为了飞行安全,当航空器所欲飞经的地区不得进入或缺乏适当航行设施时,各缔约国保留令其遵循规定航路或获得特准后方许飞行的权利。

此项航空器如为取酬或收费而载运旅客、货物、邮件但非从事定期国际航班飞行,在遵守第七条规定的情况下,亦有上下旅客、货物或邮件的特权,但上下的地点所在国家有权规定其认为需要的规章、条件或限制。

第六条 定期航班除非经一缔约国特准或其他许可并遵照此项特准或许可的条件,任何定期国际航班不得在该国领土上空飞行或进入该国领土。

《国际民用航空公约》简介内容

《国际民用航空公约》简介内容

一、背景介绍《国际民用航空公约》(以下简称《公约》)是国际民航组织(ICAO)的主要成文法规,被视为国际民用航空领域内最具权威性和影响力的文件之一。

《公约》于1944年在芝加哥通过,并于1947年4月4日生效。

旨在确立国际民用航空的基本原则,促进全球民航安全、效率和可持续发展。

二、《公约》主要内容1. 开放性原则《公约》第1条规定,“民用航空应开放给全世界所有国家的飞机,而不受特别限制”。

这一原则促进了国际民用航空的普遍发展和合作,有助于减少国际航空运输的政治干预,促进了国际间的通联和交流,为全球发展提供了便利条件。

2. 航空器国籍《公约》规定,每架民用航空器必须注册在一个国家,并且该国家对该航空器行使有效的和实际的管辖权。

这一规定确保了对民用航空器的有效管理和监管,也保证了民用航空器在国际空域内的合法地位。

3. 航空器检验《公约》对航空器的检验和证明了具有国际性的指导规定,包括航空器的适航要求、航空器设备的使用、机上人员的资格和执照、航空器的司法管辖等方面内容。

这些规定为各缔约国确立了普遍的标准和程序,有利于促进各国在民用航空领域内的合作与交流。

4. 空域管理《公约》还规定了缔约国在开放式空域内的管理,包括了通信设备和程序、雷达监控、空中交通管制等方面。

这些规定的制定,为全球航空安全和高效率的实现提供了有力保障。

5. 航线和机场《公约》对国际航线和国际机场的建设、管理和使用作出了规定。

对国际航线的开放、安全、通畅和有效的利用提供了规范,有助于全球航空资源的合理分配和利用。

6. 避障和救援《公约》规定了对于航空器的救援和搜索以及对于航空器和乘客的安全探测的规定。

这些规定保证了航空器在空中和地面上遇到困难时能够得到及时、有效的援助和救济。

三、《公约》的影响和意义《公约》作为国际民航组织最重要的法规文件之一,对于全球民用航空事业的发展和安全起着不可替代的重要作用。

它促进了不同国家之间的合作和交流,提高了国际航空安全水平,促进了全球民用航空事业的繁荣和可持续发展。

民用航空器公约

民用航空器公约

民用航空器公约
民用航空器公约(The Convention on International Civil Aviation),又称芝加
哥公约、1944年公约,是以美国芝加哥市为会议地点于1944年12月7日签署的国际公约,旨在规范和统一世界民航领域的各种规章制度。

以下是该公约的主要内容:
第一部分为总则,主要包括对各种术语的定义、公约的实施原则等内容。

第二部分为空中运输规则,包括对民航器材的规定、航空器的登记和标识、航空器的
飞行规则、空中交通服务、飞行安全、航空器的运营和租赁等方面的条款。

第四部分为航空器国籍与登记规则,包括对航空器的所有权、停放、飞行证明等方面
的规定。

第五部分为民航组织规则,包括对国际民用航空组织的设立、组织机构、会议制度等
方面的条款。

第六部分为大型民航器国际租赁规则,主要包括关于大型民航器租赁的条款和规定。

民用航空器公约的签署对全球民航事业的发展产生了深远的影响,成为世界范围内规
范民航领域最权威的国际公约。

当前,全球各国民用航空器领域的法规和规章制度多以此
公约为基础,以保护公众的安全、促进航空事业的发展为宗旨。

国际民航共约 附件一~附件十八(中文版)

国际民航共约 附件一~附件十八(中文版)
一些国际机场还有着陆预报,以满足着陆航空器的需要。着陆预报附在机场报告后,有效期为两个 小时。着陆预报包括跑道综合区预见的地面风、能见度、天气和云况。
为了协助飞行员进行飞行规划,多数国家都提供气象讲解,而其形式越来越多地采用自动系统。讲 解包括航路上天气、高空风和高空气温的详细资料,常常以气象图的形式给出,讲解还包括航路上有害 的气象现象的警报、目的地机场及备降机场的报告和预报。
附件 3 中所述的气象服务的目标是促进空中航行的安全、效率和正常。实现这一目标的手段是向经 营人、飞行机组成员、空中交通服务单位、搜寻和援救单位、机场管理部门和其他与航空有关的各方提 供必要的气象信息。气象信息提供者和使用者之间的密切联络是至关重要的。
在国际机场,通常由气象室向航空用户提供气象情报。各国准备了适当的电信设施,以使机场气象 室能向空中交通服务部门和搜寻与援救部门提供情报。气象室与管制塔台或进近管制室之间的电信联络 应达到这样的要求,即通常在 15 秒钟内可以与要联系的点建立起联系。
当今的航空器运行是如此复杂多样,必须对由于人的失误或系统组件故障导致的整个系统失效的可 能性进行防范,而无论这种可能性是多么遥远。
人是航空器运行环节中关键的一链,而同时由于其本性决定也是最灵活和多变的。有必要进行适当 培训,以把人的失误减至最少,并提供有能力、有技能、熟练的和合格的人员。附件 1 和国际民航组织 培训手册描述了在各工种中精通业务所需的技能,从而有助于胜任工作。附件的体检标准,要求定期进 行健康检查,对可能的造成能力丧失的体格状况提供了早期警报,有助于飞行机组和管制员的总体健康。
国际民航组织在执照颁发方面的主要任务之一是促进发照方面的差异的解决,以确保国际执照颁发 标准与现行做法和未来可能的发展一致。这日渐重要,因为飞行机组将面对越来越大的交通密度和空域 拥挤、高度复杂的终端区格局和更精密的设备。为完成这一任务,对附件 1 做了定期修订,以反映迅速 变化的环境。

国际民用航空公约(中英文)

国际民用航空公约(中英文)

国际民用航空公约(中英文)国际民用航空公约(1944年12月7日芝加哥)序 言鉴于国际民用航空的未来开展对建立和保持世界各国之间和人民之间的友谊和了解大有帮助,而其滥用足以威胁普遍平安;又鉴于有需要防止各国之间和人民之间的磨擦并促进其合作,世界和平有赖于此;因此,以下各签署国政府议定了假设干原那么和方法,使国际民用航空得按照平安和有秩序的方式开展,并使国际航空运输业务得建立在时机均等的根底上,健康地和经济地经营;为此目的缔结本公约。

第一局部 空中航行第一章 公约的一般原那么和适用第一条 主权缔约各国成认每一国家对其领土之上的空气空间享有完全的和排他的主权。

第二条 领土本公约所指一国的领土,应认为是在该国主权、宗主权、保护或委任统治下的陆地区域及与其邻接的领水。

第三条 民用航空器和国家航空器一、本公约仅适用于民用航空器,不适用于国家航空器。

二、用于军事、海关和警察部门的航空器,应认为是国家航空器。

三、一缔约国的国家航空器,未经特别协定或其他方式的许可并遵照其中的规定,不得在另一缔约国领土上空飞行或在此领土上降落。

四、缔约各国承允在发布关于其国家航空器的规章时,对民用航空器的航行平安予以应有的注意。

第三条分条注: 一九八四年五月十日,大会决定修正芝加哥公约,增加第三条分条。

该条尚未生效。

一、缔约各国成认,每一国家必须防止对飞行中的民用航空器使用武器,如拦截,必须不危及航空器内人员的生命和航空器的平安。

此一规定不应被解释为在任何方面修改了联合国宪章所规定的各国的权利和义务。

二、缔约各国成认,每一国家在行使其主权时,对未经允许而飞越其领土的民用航空器,或者有合理的根据认为该航空器被用于与本公约宗旨不相符的目的,有权要求该航空器在指定的机场降落;该国也可以给该航空器任何其他指令,以终止此类侵犯。

为此目的,缔约各国可采取符合国际法的有关规那么,包括本公约的有关规定,特别是本条第一款规定的任何适当手段。

每一缔约国同意公布其关于拦截民用航空器的现行规定。

第二章 国际民用航空组织和公约

第二章 国际民用航空组织和公约

• 《海牙公约》——《关于制止非法劫持航空器的公约》, 海牙公约》 《关于制止非法劫持航空器的公约》
签订于1970年12月16日。我国政府于 年 月 日 我国政府于1980年9月10日 签订于 年 月 日 申请加入,同年10月 日对我国生效 日对我国生效。 申请加入,同年 月10日对我国生效。
• 《蒙特利尔公约》——《关于制止危害民用航空安全的非 蒙特利尔公约》 《
执行委员会—执行机构:运输业务、技术、财务、 执行委员会 执行机构:运输业务、技术、财务、法律 执行机构 秘书处—日常办事机构 秘书处 日常办事机构
(三)国际机场协会 Airports Council International,ACI ——非牟利国际组织 非牟利 (四)国际货物发运人协会 ——非营利性组织 非营利性组织
限制责任原则—— 限制责任原则
• 在旅客运输中,承运人对每名旅客的责任以十二万五千法郎(约8300美元) 在旅客运输中,承运人对每名旅客的责任以十二万五千法郎( 美元) 美元 •
为限 ; 在托运行李和货物运输中, 在托运行李和货物运输中,承运人对行李或者货物的责任以每公斤二百五十 法郎为限 。
诉讼管辖—— 诉讼管辖
理事会—常设机构, 个缔约国组成 理事会 常设机构,33个缔约国组成 常设机构 秘书处—办事机构 秘书处 办事机构 各委员会
(二)国际航空运输协会 二 国际航空运输协会 国际航空运输协会International Air Transport Association • 1.设立:1945年 设立: 设立 年 • 2.性质:航空公司组成的非政府的国际间民间组织,航空企业的行业联盟 性质: 性质 航空公司组成的非政府的国际间民间组织, • 3.宗旨:主要作用 在技术和商业方面 宗旨: 宗旨 • 4.组织机构:大会 年度大会:最高权力机构 组织机构: 年度大会: 组织机构 大会—年度大会

常见国际组织的中英文及缩写

常见国际组织的中英文及缩写

常见国际组织的中英文及缩写欧盟 European Union — EU 欧元 (euro)阿盟阿拉伯国家联盟 League of Arab States — LAS非洲联盟(African Union — AU,简称“非盟”)东南亚国家联盟(简称东盟,Association of Southeast Asian Nations —ASEAN 北大西洋公约组织(North Atlantic Treaty Organization — NATO ),简称北约1949年4月4日,美国、加拿大、英国、法国、比利时、荷兰、卢森堡、丹麦、挪威、冰岛、葡萄牙和意大利等12国在美国首都华盛顿签订了北大西洋公约,宣布成立北大西洋公约组织(North Atlantic Treaty Organization —NATO ),简称北约。

大赦国际 (Amnesty International — AI)英联邦 (The Commonwealth)不结盟运动(Non-Aligned Movement — NAM)巴黎俱乐部 (Paris Club) 也称“十国集团” (Group-10)南方中心(South Centre)是以促进南南合作为宗旨的国际著名政府间组织和智库,其前身是南方委员会。

南方委员会为第三世界国家政界、外交界、经济界和学术界著名人士组成的国际性组织。

1985年由委内瑞拉前总统佩雷斯建议,1986年5月在吉隆坡第二次南南会议决定建立,同年9月宣布正式成立,1994年9月正式改名为南方中心。

总部设在日内瓦,现有包括中国在内的51个成员。

独联体是独立国家联合体 (Commonwealth of Independent States — CIS) 的简称上海合作组织 (Shanghai Cooperation Organization — SCO)阿拉伯各国议会联盟 (Arab Inter-Parliamentary Union — AIPU)阿拉伯国家联盟 (League of Arab States — LAS,简称“阿盟”)西欧联盟 (Western European Union — WEU) 1955年5月6日成立,前身为布鲁塞尔条约组织,拥有比利时、法国、德国、希腊、意大利、卢森堡、荷兰、葡萄牙、西班牙和英国10个正式成员国。

国际民用航空公约

国际民用航空公约

国际民用航空公约《国际民用航空公约》的主要内容《国际民用航空公约》的主要内容如下:一.序言:鉴于国际民用航空的未来发展对建立和保持世界各国之间和人民之间的友谊和了解大有帮助,而其滥用足以威胁普遍安全;又鉴于希望避免各国之间和人民之间的磨擦并促进其合作,世界和平有赖于此;因此,下列签字各国政府议定了若干原则和办法。

使国际民用航空按照安全和有秩序的方式发展,并且使国际航空运输业务建立在机会均等的基础之上,健康的和经济的经营,为此目的缔结本公约。

二.空中航行公约的一般原则和适用(1)主权各缔约国承认每一国家对其领土之上的空域具有完全的和排他的主权,(第一条)(2)领土本公约所指一国的领土,应认为是在该国主权、宗主权、保护或委任统治下的陆地区域及与其邻接的领水。

(第二条)(3)民用航空器和国家航空器(a)本公约仅适用于民用航空器,不适用于国家航空器。

(b)用于军事,海关和警察部门的航空器,不适用于国家航空器。

(c)缔约国的国家航空器,未经特别协议或其他方式的许可并遵照其中的规定,不得在另一缔约国领土上空飞行或在此领土上降落。

(d)各缔约国承允在发布关于其国家航空器的规章时,对民用航空器的航行安全予以应有的注意。

(第三条)(4)民用航空的滥用各缔约国同意不将民用航空用于和本公约的宗旨不相符的任何目的。

(第四条)三.在缔约国领土上空飞行(1)不定期飞行的权利各缔约国同意其他缔约国的一切不从事定期国际航班飞行的航空器,在遵守本公约规定的条件下,不需要事先获准,有权飞入或飞经其领土而不降落,以及作非商业性降落,但飞经国有权令其降落。

为了飞行安全,当航空器欲飞经的地区不得进入或缺乏适当航行设施时,各缔约国保留令其遵循规定航路或获得特准后,方许飞行的权利。

此项航空器如为取酬或收费而载运旅客、货物、邮件但非从事定期国际航班飞行.在遵守第七条规定的情况下,亦有上下旅客、货物或邮件的特权,但上下的地点所在国家有权规定其认为需要的规章、条件或限制。

芝加哥公约简介

芝加哥公约简介

由于第二次世界大战对航空器技术发展起到了巨大的推动作用,使得世界上已经形成了一个包括客货运输在内的航线网络,但随之也引起了一系列急需国际社会协商解决的政治上和技术上的问题。

因此,在美国政府的邀请下,52个国家于1944年11月1日至12月7日参加了在芝加哥召开的国际会议,产生了三个重要的协定--《国际民用航空公约》、《国际航班过境协定》和《国际航空运输协定》,为国际航空运输多边管理框架的形成奠定了基础。

《国际民用航空公约》(Convention on International Civil Aviation),也称《芝加哥公约》(Chicago Convention),为管理世界航空运输奠定了法律基础,是国际民航组织的宪法。

《芝加哥公约》中含有对国际航空运输经济管理的内容包括:●第一条,关于国家享有领空的主权;缔约各国承认每一国家对其领土之上的空气空间具有完全的和排他的主权。

●第五条,关于不定期航班缔约各国同意其他缔约国的一切不从事定期国际航班飞行的航空器,在遵守本公约规定的条件下,不需要事先获准,有权飞入或飞经其领土而不降停,或作非商业性降停,但飞经国有权令其降落。

为了飞行安全,当航空器所欲飞经的地区不得进入或缺乏适当航行设施时,缔约各国保留令其遵循规定航路或获得特准后方许飞行的权利。

此项航空器如为取酬或出租而载运乘客、货物、邮件但非从事定期国际航班飞行,在遵守第七条规定的情况下,亦有上下乘客、货物或邮件的特权,但上下的地点所在国家有权规定其认为需要的规章、条件或限制。

●第六条,关于定期航班除非经一缔约国特准或其他许可并遵照此项特准或许可的条件,任何定期国际航班不得在该国领土上空飞行或进入该国领土。

●第七条,关于国内载运权缔约各国有权拒绝准许其他缔约国的航空器为取酬或出租在其领土内载运乘客、邮件和货物前往其领土内另一地点。

缔约各国承允不缔结任何协议在排他的基础上特准任何其他国家的空运企业享有任何此项特权,也不向任何其他国家取得任何此项排他的特权。

国际民用航空公约

国际民用航空公约
26
理事会(续) 理事 (续)
理事会的主要职能:
向大会报告工作; 执行大会的决议并履行《芝加哥公约》规定的职责和义务; 选举理事会主席,任命秘书长; 决定设立航行委员会及航空运输委员会,任命各委员会的委员; 审议通过国际标准与建议措施,批准航行服务程序及地区补充程序。 征求、搜集、审查并出版关于航行发展及国际航班运营的资料、信 息; 向缔约各国报告关于违反《芝加哥公约》及不执行理事会建议或决 定的任何情况; 向大会报告缔约国违反公约,在通知后合理期限内仍未采取适当行 动的任何情况; 审议任何缔约国向理事会提出的有关《芝加哥公约》的任何事项。
15
国际民航组织( 际民 织(ICAO)
第四十三条 名称和组成 根据本公约成立一个定名为“国际民用航空组织”的 组织。该组织由大会、理事会和其他必要的各种机构 组成。
16
国际民航组织( 际民 织(ICAO)
依据:《国际民用航空公约》 时间:1947年4月4日正式成立 联合国系统15个专门机构之一, 是负责处理国际民航事务的政 府间组织。 成员国—190个 总部:加拿大蒙特利尔
芝加哥会议
召开时间:1944.11.1 – 12.7 参加国:54个 出席人数:700余人 当时的中国政府派代表出席了会议,并签署了 《国际民用航空公约》
4
5
《芝加哥公约》签字仪式(1944年12月7日)
6
《国际民用航空公约》 《 》
签订
签订于1944年12月7日,参加芝加哥会议的54个国家中的 52个国家在文件上签字。 1947年4月4日生效。 加入公约,即意味着加入了国际民航组织;现缔约国总数 为190个。 公约是国际民航组织成立和工作日常运转的法律依托,是 国际民航组织的“宪章”,是全球国际民航从业人员的 “圣经”。

国际民航公约附件19ICAOan19中文版

国际民航公约附件19ICAOan19中文版

1 将根据必要情况对上述手册进行更新,以使本附件中的术语协调一致。
14/11/13
(viii)
出版物
出版物 《培训机构审批手册》(Doc 9841 号文件) 《安全管理手册(SMM)》(Doc 9859 号文件) 《安全监督手册》(Doc 9734 号文件) A 部分 —《国家安全监督制度的建立与管理》
ATT A-1 ATT A-2 ATT A-2 ATT A-3
附篇 B 保护来自安全数据收集和处理系统的信息的法律指导 ……………………………………… ATT B-1
1. 引言 ………………………………………………………………………………………………… 2. 总则 ………………………………………………………………………………………………… 3. 保护原则 …………………………………………………………………………………………… 4. 例外原则 …………………………………………………………………………………………… 5. 公布 ………………………………………………………………………………………………… 6. 安全信息管理人的责任 …………………………………………………………………………… 7. 保护所记录的信息 …………………………………………………………………………………
____________________
附件 19 — 安全管理
(ix)
14/11/13
前言
历史背景
本附件当中的规定是为回应全球航空安全战略的民航局长会议(2006 年 3 月 20 日至 22 日,蒙特利尔()DGCA/06) 和高级别安全会议(2010 年 3 月 29 日至 4 月 1 日,蒙特利尔)(HLSC/2010)提议需要制订一份专门针对航空安全 的附件而制定的。空中航行委员会(186-8)在确认这些问题范围足够广阔及其重要性之后,同意建立一个安全管理 专家组(SMP)为制订新附件提供建议。

国际民航公约十翻译

国际民航公约十翻译

3.1.2.5.2.1.5.1 波束内锁定3.1.2.5.2.1.5.1.1 建议:-当II等于0的锁定技术被用于扩大3.1.2.5.2.1.4提到的探测技术时,正在被探测的驻波时间内的所有航空器应该被命令锁定为II等于0,而不仅是在窜扰区字段的锁定。

说明-在该波束延迟中所有航空器的终止将减少由II等于0的全呼询问信号产生的全呼异步应答干扰应答信号数量。

3.1.2.5.2.1.5.2持续的锁定时间说明1-补充的探测过程包括锁定探测航空器至II=0,随后通过II等于0的仅S 模式全呼询问信号来探测。

说明2-最小化锁定时间降低了与同样也使用等于0的II用于补充探测的相邻询问器的探测相冲突的概率。

3.1.2.5.2.1.5.2.1 建议-使用等于0的II进展补充探测的询问器〔与3.1.2.5.2.1.4提到的技术有关〕将通过在包含窜扰区字段的驻波时间内为仅仅一次信号扫描发送锁定命令至每一个探测航空器来进展探测。

3.1.2.5.2.1.5.2.2 建议-目的为补充探测的II=0的仅S模式全呼询问信号将仅仅发生在两个连续的扫描过程中。

3.1.2.5.2.2 全照应答,下行链路格式11对仅S模式全呼或A/C/S模式全呼询问信号的应容许为S模式全照应答信号,下行链路格式11。

该应答信号的格式将包含以下这些字段:字段参考DF 下行链路格式 3.1.2.3.2.1.2CA 性能 3.1.2.5.2.2.1AA 地址发布 3.1.2.5.2.2.2PI 校验/询问器标识符 3.1.2.3.2.1.43.1.2.5.2.2.1 CA:性能。

该3位〔6-8〕下行链路字段应包含应答机的通信性能的编码定义,并在全照应答格式〔DF=11〕中使用。

编码0 表示无通信能力〔仅用于监视〕,无法设置CA编码7,在空中或在地上1 保存2 保存3 保存4 表示至少具有m-A和m-B能力,能设置CA编码7,在地上5 表示至少具有m-A和m-B能力,能设置CA编码7,在空中6 表示至少具有m-A和m-B能力,能设置CA编码7,在空中或在地上7 表示DR字段不等于0或者FS字段等于2,3,4,5,在空中或在地上当不满足CA编码7的条件时,具有通信能力但不能自动设置在地上条件的设备将使用CA编码6。

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国际民用航空公约(1944年12月7日芝加哥)序言鉴于国际民用航空的未来发展对建立和保持世界各国之间和人民之间的友谊和了解大有帮助,而其滥用足以威胁普遍安全;又鉴于有需要避免各国之间和人民之间的磨擦并促进其合作,世界和平有赖于此;因此,下列各签署国政府议定了若干原则和办法,使国际民用航空得按照安全和有秩序的方式发展,并使国际航空运输业务得建立在机会均等的基础上,健康地和经济地经营;为此目的缔结本公约。

第一部分空中航行第一章公约的一般原则和适用第一条主权缔约各国承认每一国家对其领土之上的空气空间享有完全的和排他的主权。

第二条领土本公约所指一国的领土,应认为是在该国主权、宗主权、保护或委任统治下的陆地区域及与其邻接的领水。

第三条民用航空器和国家航空器一、本公约仅适用于民用航空器,不适用于国家航空器。

二、用于军事、海关和警察部门的航空器,应认为是国家航空器。

三、一缔约国的国家航空器,未经特别协定或其他方式的许可并遵照其中的规定,不得在另一缔约国领土上空飞行或在此领土上降落。

四、缔约各国承允在发布关于其国家航空器的规章时,对民用航空器的航行安全予以应有的注意。

第三条分条注: 一九八四年五月十日,大会决定修正芝加哥公约,增加第三条分条。

该条尚未生效。

一、缔约各国承认,每一国家必须避免对飞行中的民用航空器使用武器,如拦截,必须不危及航空器内人员的生命和航空器的安全。

此一规定不应被解释为在任何方面修改了联合国宪章所规定的各国的权利和义务。

二、缔约各国承认,每一国家在行使其主权时,对未经允许而飞越其领土的民用航空器,或者有合理的根据认为该航空器被用于与本公约宗旨不相符的目的,有权要求该航空器在指定的机场降落;该国也可以给该航空器任何其他指令,以终止此类侵犯。

为此目的,缔约各国可采取符合国际法的有关规则,包括本公约的有关规定,特别是本条第一款规定的任何适当手段。

每一缔约国同意公布其关于拦截民用航空器的现行规定。

三、任何民用航空器必须遵守根据本条第二款发出的命令。

为此目的,每一缔约国应在本国法律或规章中作出一切必要的规定,以便在该国登记的、或者在该国有主营业所或永久居所的经营人所使用的任何航空器必须遵守上述命令。

每一缔约国应使任何违反此类现行法律或规章的行为受到严厉惩罚,并根据本国法律将这一案件提交其主管当局。

四、每一缔约国应采取适当措施,禁止将在该国登记的、或者在该国有主营业所或永久居所的经营人所使用的任何民用航空器肆意用于与本公约宗旨不相符的目的。

这一规定不应影响本条第一款或者与本条第二款和第三款相抵触。

第四条民用航空的滥用缔约各国同意不将民用航空用于和本公约的宗旨不相符的任何目的。

第二章在缔约国领土上空飞行第五条不定期飞行的权利缔约各国同意其他缔约国的一切不从事定期国际航班飞行的航空器,在遵守本公约规定的条件,不需要事先获准,有权飞入或飞经其领土而不降停,或作非商业性降停,但飞经国有权令其降落。

为了飞行安全,当航空器所欲飞经的地区不得进入或缺乏适当航行设施时,缔约各国保留令其遵循规定航路或获得特准后方许飞行的权利。

此项航空器如为取酬或出租而载运乘客、货物、邮件但非从事定期国际航班飞行,在遵守第七条规定的情况下,亦有上下乘客、货物或邮件的特权,但上下的地点所在国家有权规定其认为需要的规章、条件或限制。

第六条定期航班除非经一缔约国特准或其他许可并遵照此项特准或许可的条件,任何定期国际航班不得在该国领土上空飞行或进入该国领土。

第七条国内运营权缔约各国有权拒绝准许其他缔约国的航空器为取酬或出租在其领土内载运乘客、邮件和货物前往其领土内另一地点。

缔约各国承允不缔结任何协议在排他的基础上特准任何其他国家的空运企业享有任何此项特权,也不向任何其他国家取得任何此项排他的特权。

第八条无人驾驶航空器任何无人驾驶而能飞行的航空器,未经一缔约国特许并遵照此项特许的条件,不得无人驾驶而在该国领土上空飞行。

缔约各国承允对此项无人驾驶的航空器在向民用航空器开放的地区内的飞行加以管制,以免危及民用航空器。

第九条禁区一、缔约各国由于军事需要或公共安全的理由,可以一律限制或禁止其他国家的航空器在其领土内的某些地区上空飞行,但对该领土所属国从事定期国际航班飞行的航空器和其他缔约国从事同样飞行的航空器,在这一点上不得有所区别。

此种禁区的范围和位置应当合理,以免空中航行受到不必要的阻碍。

一缔约国领土内此种禁区的说明及其随后的任何变更,应尽速通知其他各缔约国及国际民用航空组织。

二、在非常情况下,或在紧急时期内,或为了公共安全,缔约各国也保留暂时限制或禁止航空器在其全部或部分领土上空飞行的权利并立即生效,但此种限制或禁止应不分国籍适用于所有其他国家的航空器。

三、缔约各国可以依照其制定的规章,令进入上述第一款或第二款所指地区的任何航空器尽速在其领土内一指定的机场降落。

第十条在设关机场降落除按照本公约的条款或经特许,航空器可以飞经一缔约国领土而不降停外,每一航空器进入一缔约领土,如该国规章有规定时,应在该国指定的机场降停,以便进行海关和其他检查。

当离开一缔约国领土时,此种航空器应从同样指定的设关机场离去。

所有指定的设关机场的详细情形,应由该国公布,并送交根据本公约第二部分设立的国际民用航空组织,以便通知所有其他缔约国。

第十一条空中规章的适用在遵守本公约各规定的条件下,一缔约国关于从事国际航行的航空器进入或离开其领土或关于此种航空器在其领土内操作或航行的法律和规章,应不分国籍,适用于所有缔约国的航空器,此种航空器在进入或离开该国领土或在其领土内时,都应该遵守此项法律和规章。

第十二条空中规则缔约各国承允采取措施以保证在其领土上空飞行或在其领土内运转的每一航空器及每一具有其国籍标志的航空器,不论在何地,应遵守当地关于航空器飞行和运转的现行规则和规章。

缔约各国承允使这方面的本国规章,在最大可能范围内,与根据本公约随时制定的规章相一致。

在公海上空,有效的规则应为根据本公约制定的规则。

缔约各国承允对违反适用规章的一切人员起诉。

第十三条入境及放行规章一缔约国关于航空器的乘客、机组或货物进入或离开其领土的法律和规章,如关于入境、放行、移民、护照、海关及检疫的规章,应由此种乘客、机组或货物在进入、离开或在该国领土内时遵照执行或由其代表遵照执行。

第十四条防止疾病传播缔约各国同意采取有效措施防止经由空中航行传播霍乱、班疹伤寒(流行性)、天花、黄热病、鼠疫、以及缔约各国随时确定的其他传染病。

为此,缔约各国将与负责关于航空器卫生措施的国际规章的机构保持密切的磋商。

此种磋商应不妨碍缔约各国所参加的有关此事的任何现行国际公约的适用。

第十五条机场费用和类似费用一缔约国对其本国航空器开放的公用机场,在遵守第六十八条规定的情况下,应按统一条件对所有其他缔约国的航空器开放。

为航行安全和便利而提供公用的一切航行设施,包括无线电和气象服务,由缔约各国的航空器使用时,应适用同样的统一条件。

一缔约国对任何其他缔约国的航空器使用此种机场及航行设施可以征收或准许征收的任何费用:一、对不从事定期国际航班飞行的航空器,应不高于从事同样飞行的本国同级航空器所缴纳的费用;二、对从事定期国际航班飞行的航空器,应不高于从事同样国际航班飞行的本国航空器所缴纳的费用。

所有此类费用应予公布,并通知国际民用航空组织,但如一有关缔约国提出意见,此项使用机场及其他设施的收费率应由理事会审查。

理事会应就此提出报告和建议,供有关的一国或几国考虑。

任何缔约对另一缔约国的任何航空器或航空器上所载人员或财物不得仅因给予通过或进入或离去其领土的权利而征收任何规费、捐税或其他费用。

第十六条对航空器的检查缔约各国有关当局有权对其他缔约国的航空器在降停或飞离时进行检查,并查验本公约规定的证件和其他文件,但应避免不合理的延误。

第三章航空器的国籍第十七条航空器的国籍航空器具有其登记的国家的国籍。

第十八条双重登记航空器在一个以上国家登记不得认为有效,但其登记可以由一国转移至另一国。

第十九条管理登记的国家法律航空器在任何缔约国登记或转移登记,应按该国的法律和规章办理。

第二十条标志的展示从事国际航行的每一航空器应载有适当的国籍标志和登记标志。

第二十一条登记的报告缔约各国承允,如经要求,应将关于在该国登记的某一个航空器的登记及所有权情况提供给任何另一缔约国或国际民用航空组织。

此外,缔约各国应按照国际民用航空组织制定的规章,向该组织报告有关在该国登记的经常从事国际航行的航空器所有权和控制权的可提供的有关资料。

如经要求,国际民用航空组织应将所得到的资料提供给其他缔约国。

第四章便利空中航行的措施第二十二条简化手续缔约各国同意采取一切可行的措施,通过发布特别规章或其他方法,以便利和加速航空器在缔约各国领土间的航行,特别是在执行关于移民、检疫、海关、放行等法律时,防止对航空器、机组、乘客和货物造成不必要的延误。

第二十三条海关和移民程序缔约各国承允在其认为可行的情况下,按照依本公约随时制定或建议的措施,制定有关国际航行的海关和移民程序。

本公约的任何规定不得被解释为妨碍设置豁免关税的机场。

第二十四条关税一、航空器飞抵、飞离或飞越另一缔约国领土时,在遵守该国海关规章的条件下,应准予暂时免纳关税。

一缔约国的航空器在到达另一缔约国领土时所载的燃料、润滑油、零备件、正常设备及机上供应品,在航空器离开该国领土时,如仍留置航空器上,应免纳关税、检验费或类似的国家或地方税款和费用,此种豁免不适用于卸下的任何数量或物品,但按照该国海关规章允许的不在此例,此种规章可以要求上述物品应受海关监督。

二、运入一缔约国领土的零备件和设备,供装配另一缔约国的从事国际航行的航空器或在该航空器上使用,应准予免纳关税,但须遵守有关国家的规章,此种规章可以规定上述物品应受海关的监督和管制。

第二十五条航空器遇险缔约各国承允对在其领土内遇险的航空器,在其认为可行的情况下,采取援助措施,并在本国当局管制下准许该航空器所有人或该航空器登记国的当局采取情况所需的援助措施。

缔约各国搜寻失踪的航空器时,应在按照本公约随时建议的各种协同措施方面进行合作。

第二十六条事故调查一缔约国的航空器如在另一缔约国的领土内发生事故,致有死亡或严重伤害或表明航空器或航行设施有重大技术缺陷时,事故所在地国家应在该国法律许可的范围内,依照国际民用航空组织建议的程序,着手调查事故情形。

航空器登记国应有机会指派观察员在调查时到场,而主持调查的国家,应将关于此事的报告及调查结果,通知航空登记国。

第二十七条不因专利权的主张而扣押航空器一、一缔约国从事国际航行的航空器,被准许进入或通过另一缔约国领土时,不论降停与否,另一缔约国不得以该国名义或以该国任何人的名义,其于航空器的构造、机构、零件、附件或操作有侵犯航空器进入国依法发给或登记的任何专利权、设计或模型的情形,而扣押或扣留该航空器,或对该航空器的所有人或经营人提出任何权利主张,或进行任何其他干涉。

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