七年级下英语第十二单元语法

Unit12Grammar for section A1.eg.1) Which rules are these students breaking?这些学生违反了哪些规则？My brother didn’t break the school rules.我弟弟没有违反校规。

总结：rule 是个_____名词，意为______。

扩展：school rules______. keep/follow rules______. break rules______.2)The king’s rule lasted fifty years.那个国王的统治持续了五十年。

He ruled over the country for ten years.他统治这个国家十年。

总结：rule还可作_____讲，是_____名词；也可作____词,其后可以接介词over，组成词组rule over，后接宾语，意为______。

2.eg.1)Don’t arrive late for class.Don’t talk in class.Don’t worry .I can help you.总结：这些句子是____句的否定句。

祈使句是以动词原形开头，表达命令或者祈求的句子。

其否定句式在句首加don’t。

2）Don’t arrive late for meeting.He was late for work yesterday.总结：arrive______. arrive late for……相当于___________,意为________.3）We arrived at the village.We arrived in New York.总结：ariive 是_________词，后面跟地点名词时需要加介词____或____，____后面跟小地点，____后面跟大地点。

3.eg.1)—Can we listen to music ,Cindy?—We can’t listen to music in the hallways,but we can listen to it outside.总结：句中can’t 是情态动词的否定式______的缩写，意为_____。

Can 后面接_______，没有_____和_____的变化。

Can 的过去式是_____。

2）Can 在句中意为_____，与____同义，表示请求或许可。

eg:—Can /May/Could I ask you a question? (could的语气比can 委婉)—Yes,please.拓展：can’t help doing sth.____________ can’t stand sth../doing sth.___________.4.eg.1)Do you have to wear a uniform at school?He has to work on Sunday.—Do you have to get up at six in the morning?—Yes,I do.总结：have to 是_____动词,意思是______。

Have to 侧重于客观上的必要，和其他情态动词的区别在于它具有人称和数的变化。

肯定句：主语+________________+_________+其他成分;否定句：主语+___________________+_______+_______+其他成分；疑问句：___________+______+______+_______+其他成分。

拓展：have to 的同义词must 的用法eg.2)You must finish your homework now._________________________。

—Must I go home now?—Yes,you must./No,you needn’t.must 也意为_______,强调由于主观原因一定要做某事，只用于一般现在时，没有_____和_____的变化，在否定句中或作否定回答时用_______。

5.eg.1)What else do you have to do?Would you like anything else?Where else do you want to go?总结：else作____词，表示_____，放在something,someone,somebody等复合代词或者_____,_____,______,_____等疑问代词或副词之后。

2）What else did you do yesterday?What’s that in your other hand?你另一只手里拿的是什么？I don’t like this one ,show me the other.else 与other 二者都可表示_________。

但_____要放在所修饰的词之后，作副词；而_____恰好相反，要放在所修饰词之前，作形容词。

最后一句other 作___词，else 则不可以。

6.祈使句“四兄弟—VBLD”表示建议,请求，命令，禁止做某事可用祈使句。

其特点是省略了主语，以动词原形开头。

（1）eg. Listen to me , please.____________.Stop!____________.总结：V型祈使句（以行为动词开头）“四兄弟“中的老大，用得最多。

如：（2）eg. Be quiet,please!__________.Be careful!__________.总结：B型祈使句（以Be开头）（3）eg.Let me help you.____________.Let’s go.___________.总结：L型祈使句（以Let开头）(4)eg.Don’t talk in class.______________.总结：D型祈使句（以Don’t +动词原形开头）Exerice:1.Tom was sent away(被开除) from school because he aways _____the school rules.A.followsB.doesn’t wantC.breaksD.catches2.—Mom,can I wear my jeans to school?—No,you _________wear your school uniform .That’s the school rule.A.canB.can’tC.have toD.may3.If he doesn’t want to do the job,does______want to?A.everybody elseB.anybody elseC.else anybodyD.else everybody4.You can’t listen to music when your mother is sleeping.(改为祈使句)________ _______to music when your mother is sleeping.5.Look at my photo,please.(改为否定祈使句)______ ______ ______my photo,please.6.In the library ,we must be quite.(改为同义句)In the library,we_____ ______be quite.Grammar for section B1.eg.Don’t go out on school nights.On a cold moring ,he called me.总结：on school nights 意为______________,,school 在此用来修饰名词_______。

一般我们说“at night”,但当night 前面有定语修饰时，介词应用___.2.eg.1）I have too many rules in my house.在我家里有太多的规定。

There are too many people in the park on SundayThere is too much homework on weekends.总结：句中too many意为_______,后接_____名词的复数，too much也意为_______，但后接_______名词。

2)eg.It’s much too hot today.The old man walked much too slowly.这位老人走得太慢了。

总结：much too 意为________,常用作副词词组，修饰形容词或其他词。

3.eg.And I have to be in bed by ten o’clock.并且十点以前我就得上床睡觉。

He was in bed all day yesterday.总结：be in bed 为固定搭配，意思是_______.by 在第一句中意为________,为介词。

请注意介词by的以下用法：They’re walking by the river.( )Do you go to school by bus.( )拓展：by the way______________. all by oneself____________.4.eg.1)Later I have to go to the Children’s Palace to learn the piona. 随后我必须去少年宫学钢琴。

Later we become very good friends.后来我们成了很好的朋友。

He came back a week later.一个星期后他回来了。

总结：later 作____词，意为________,常用来指时间上的“稍后”。

单独使用，常用于一般过去时或一般将来时；“一段时间+later”则表示___________,用于_________时。

2）He was late for school yesterday.__________________.It will get colder later on.晚些时候，天气会更冷。

总结：late可用作形容词或副词，意为__________。

later on 意为________,一般指将来。

5.eg.No talking!不许说话！No photos!_________!No smoking!(= )No parking!_________!No drawing on the wall!(= )Exerice:1.—______listen to music in the classroom.—sorry , I won’t. A.Not B.Do C.Can’t D.Don’t2.I have ______rules in my house .I can’t stand them.A.too manyB.too muchC.many tooD.much too3.—Where were you at 10 o’clock last night?—I was sleeping at home.I have to be ____bed____9:30pm.A.in;forB.in;inC.on;byD.in; by4.Half an hour ______,we got home.teterter on5.—Please be quite in the library! Look at the sign.It says, “No________.”—I am sorry.A.talkB.talkingC.readD.reading。