Annotated Bibliography
Annotated Bibliography example
As with a normal reference list or bibliography, an annotated bibliography is usually arranged alphabetically according to the author’s last name. An annotated bibliography summary should be about 100 - 200 words per citation—check with your lecturer/tutor as this may vary between faculties and assessments. Please also check with your lecturer about the elements each annotation should include.
Which writing style should I use in the annotations?
• Each annotation should be concise. Do not write too much—remember, you are writing a summary, not an essay. Annotations should not extend beyond one paragraph unless otherwise stipulated in your assignment guidelines. As this is not an extended piece of writing, only mention significant and relevant details.
annotated bibliography的组成 -回复
annotated bibliography的组成-回复如何编写一篇关于“annotated bibliography”的文章。
Step 1: 引言(Introduction)[注：在这一部分中，你需要简要介绍annotated bibliography的概念和目的。
你可以解释什么是annotated bibliography以及它在学术研究中的重要性。
]Annotated bibliography是一种重要的学术写作形式，广泛用于研究论文、学术报告和毕业论文等。
本文将一步一步回答如何编写一篇关于annotated bibliography的文章。
首先，我们将讨论annotated bibliography的基本组成部分，然后详细说明每一部分的内容和格式要求。
最后，我们将介绍一些写作时需要注意的要点。
Step 2: 组成部分(Components)[注：在这一部分中，你需要详细介绍annotated bibliography的组成部分。
这些部分通常包括书目信息、摘要和评价。
]一个annotated bibliography通常由三个主要部分组成：书目信息、摘要（或注释）和评价。
书目信息包括作者、标题、出版日期、出版社等重要的引用信息。
摘要是对文献内容的简短总结，可以包括作者的主要观点、方法和结论。
评价部分则是对文献的评价和批判性分析，可以涵盖对作者观点的评估、实证研究的有效性和可靠性等。
Step 3: 书目信息(Bibliographic Information)[注：在这一部分中，你需要详细解释书目信息的内容和格式要求。
这包括作者的姓名、出版日期、标题、出版社等信息。
]在书目信息部分，你需要提供每个文献源的相关信息，以便读者能够追溯到原始文献并了解其来源。
根据引用格式的要求，你需要包括作者的姓名（或姓氏首字母）、出版日期、标题、出版社等信息。
这些信息应该以特定格式排列，并使用适当的标点符号进行分隔。
annotated bibliography例子
annotated bibliography例子以下是一份注释参考书目的例子：1. Smith, John. "The Impact of Climate Change on Biodiversity." Environmental Journal, vol. 35, no. 2, 2019, pp. 45-60.该论文探讨了气候变化对生物多样性的影响。
作者研究了全球气候变暖对动植物种群和物种分布的影响，并提出了应对气候变化的管理策略。
该研究为生态学、环境保护等领域的专业人士提供了重要的参考。
2. Johnson, Emily. "The Role of Social Media in Political Movements." Communication Studies Quarterly, vol. 42, no. 3, 2020, pp. 78-95.本文分析了社交媒体在政治运动中的作用。
作者研究了社交媒体平台在政治动员、组织和传播信息方面的影响，并提出了社交媒体对于推动社会变革和促进公民参与的重要性。
该研究对政治学和传媒学领域的学术界和从业人员具有参考价值。
3. Chen, Li. "The Impact of Foreign Direct Investment on Economic Growth in Emerging Economies." Journal of Development Economics, vol. 28, no. 4, 2018, pp. 123-140.该论文研究了外国直接投资对新兴经济体经济增长的影响。
作者分析了外国直接投资对经济增长、就业和贸易的积极影响，并提出了一些政策建议，以吸引更多的外国直接投资。
该研究对于新兴经济体的经济发展和政策制定有重要意义。
4. Rodriguez, Maria. "The Effects of Exercise on Mental Health." Journal of Psychology and Psychiatry, vol. 15, no. 1, 2017, pp. 56-70.本文研究了运动对心理健康的影响。
Annotated Bibliography 书目简介
• [3] Martin, J.R. English Text System and Structure. Beijing: Peking University Press, 2004. This book is an introduction to discourse analysis within the framework of systemic functional linguistics. Its aim is to provide a comprehensive set of discourse analyses which can be used to relate any English text to the context in which it is used. Based on Halliday and Hasan's seminal Cohesion in English, the author develops some classical theories by discussing text semantics system and structure.
• [5] Halliday, M.A.K. An Introduction to Functional Grammar. 2nd ed. Beijing：Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press, 2000： 106-161. This chapter is about Clause as representation. It introduces the transitivity system, which construes the world of experience into a manageable set of process types, including material process, mental process, relational process, verbal process, existential process and behavioural process. Different processes have different features and functions.
Annotated Bibliography 书目简介
• [10] 姜望琪. Halliday论语篇分析及有关学科[J]. 中国外语，2012，(2): 29-37. • 本文主要总结了Halliday在同济会议上对语篇分 析的观点和看法。主要内容如下： 肯定了语篇分析是语言学的一部分。 篇章和语言系统的关系 篇章和小句的关系 语篇语义学与语篇分析 语用学与语篇分析
• 引言 • 理论框架和研究方法 • 称谓的态度系统 称谓中的态度类型 称谓的正负语义与态度的正向语义关系:对 称与不对称 强度：态度语势 • 结论
• [4] McCarthy, Michael, & Carter, Ronald. Language as Discourse Perspectives for Language Teaching. Beijing: Peking University Press, 2004. This book focuses on a discription of the discourse properties of language which can be applied to language teaching. Michael and Ronald put forword a new discourse-based approach for language teaching in this book.One of the main aims of them is to examine what insights that language teachers and students can get from language study at the level of discourse.
annotated bibliography的组成 -回复
annotated bibliography的组成-回复"Annotated Bibliography"的组成方式是其标题部分写在文档的顶部，然后按照特定的格式列出参考文献清单，每个参考文献后面紧接着是对其进行评注的短文。
1. 标题部分：在文档的顶部，将标题“Annotated Bibliography”居中，使用较大的字号，以便突出显示这个部分。
2. 参考文献清单格式：按照特定的引用格式，如MLA、APA或者Chicago Style等，将参考文献清单按照字母顺序列出。
每个参考文献的格式包括作者姓名、引文标题、出版日期、出版商或期刊名称等基本信息，具体格式与引用风格有关。
3. 评注部分：在每个参考文献的后面，写下对该文献的评注。
评注可以包括以下几个方面的内容：a. 概况：简要介绍该文献的内容和目的。
b.可信度：评估该文献的可信度和权威性，考虑作者的资质和作品的来源。
c. 适用性：探讨该文献与研究主题的联系，以及其对研究项目的相关性。
d. 方法：描述研究方法或者理论框架，以及该文献在研究领域中的地位。
e. 分析：分析文献中的论点、证据和结论，评估其对研究项目的价值和贡献。
4. 文档结构与排版：根据具体要求，将参考文献清单和评注按照字母顺序编排，并保持一致的格式。
可以使用不同的标题或者子标题，将文档分为几个主题部分，以帮助读者更好地理解和阅读。
通过完成这些步骤，一个完整的"Annotated Bibliography"就形成了。
这种格式可以帮助研究者在整理自己的文献资料时，更好地组织参考文献，并提供对每个文献的评注，使读者能够更深入地了解参考文献的内容和其与研究项目之间的联系。
这种方法在文献综述、学术论文和研究项目中非常常见，并为研究者提供了一个有效的工具，以评估和整理相关文献资料。
annoted bibliography格式
annoted bibliography格式注释参考文献（Annotated Bibliography）是一种文献列表，每个文献条目都附有作者对该文献内容的短评。
以下是一份注释参考文献的一般格式，通常根据学术领域和出版要求可能会有轻微的变化。
注释参考文献格式：文献条目：包括文献的完整引用信息，按照所使用的引文风格（如APA、MLA、Chicago等）书写。
包括作者、标题、出版信息等。
注释：在文献条目之后，加上一段注释，提供对文献内容的简要评价。
注释应该包括作者的主要观点、方法、结论等。
例子（APA风格）：Smith, J. (2005). The Impact of Climate Change on Agriculture. Journal of Environmental Studies, 30(2), 123-145.This article discusses the potential effects of climate change on global agriculture. Smith argues that rising temperatures and changing precipitation patterns posesignificant challenges to crop production. The author provides a comprehensive review of current research findings and suggests potential strategies for adapting agriculture to a changing climate.在实际写作时，请确保参照所使用的引文风格的规范，包括作者名字的格式、文献标题的格式等。
注释的内容应该简洁明了，旨在为读者提供对文献内容的概览。
请注意，这只是一个简单的例子，实际注释参考文献可能需要满足特定出版物、学科或教育机构的要求。
annotated bibliography的组成 -回复
annotated bibliography的组成-回复被引用评注（annotated bibliography）是一种对已有文献进行系统化整理并附有评注的文献综述。
它由多个文献引用及其相关评注组成，用于回答研究主题或问题。
本文将逐步解释被引用评注的组成以及如何撰写一篇1500-2000字的文章。
一、引言（Introduction）文章的引言部分应该简要介绍你选择阐述的主题，并概括几篇被引用评注的主要观点和结论。
在引言中，还可以提出你的研究问题或目标，让读者了解你为什么选择了这些被引用评注，并指导他们在阅读文章时关注什么。
二、文献引用（Citations）在文献引用部分，你需要列举出相关的文献，并给出全面的引用信息。
每个文献引用应该包括作者的姓名（姓在前），标题，出版日期，期刊或书籍的名称以及页码（如适用）。
确保使用适当的引用格式，如APA、MLA 或Chicago style。
文献引用应以编号或按字母顺序排序。
三、评注（Annotations）评注是被引用评注的核心部分，提供了对每个文献引用的详细解释、评论和分析。
评注应该回答以下问题：1. 文献的目的：作者写这篇文章的主要目的是什么？2. 研究方法：作者采用了什么方法或途径进行研究？3. 结果和结论：作者得出了什么结论或结果？这些结果与该研究领域的其他研究相比如何？评注还可以讨论文献的可靠性、局限性、相关性以及对你的研究问题的重要性。
你还可以在评注中提到文献的一些关键观点或论证，以及作者的主要观点和论点。
四、讨论（Discussion）在讨论部分，你可以总结并比较每篇文献的主要观点、结论和评注。
你可以探讨这些文献之间的共同点和差异，以及它们如何回答你的研究问题或目标。
你还可以提及其他相关的文献，如果适用的话。
确保在讨论部分中提供逻辑和流畅的连接来组织你的观点。
五、结论（Conclusion）在结论中，总结你对被引用评注的分析和讨论。
再次回答你的研究问题或目标，并强调被引用评注对你的研究的重要性和价值。
Annotated Bibliography 模板 APA模式
English Composition 102Sang LichenHunterProfessor JonesSection: VFTDate: April 21, 2013Annotated BibliographyBu, L.P., & Fee, E. (2012, October). Family Planning and Economic Development in China. American Journal of Public Health,102(10), 1858-1859. doi:10.2105/AJPH.2012.300731In “Family Planning and Economic Development in China,” (American Journal of Public Health, October, 2012) PhD. Liping Bu and Elizabeth Fee point out that the mutual action between economy and population influences both of them. Begin with a attractive poster. The authors describe the new situation of Chinese mother and child as a pair of free birds. Under the family planning policy, the general fertility rate declined. The less population brings lots of advantages, such as health, prosperity, more welfare and socioeconomic development. The population influences the economy and also be affected by it. In the words of Bu and Fee (2012), because of market economy, many young famers migrate to cities to work. It is hard to have more children in such a competitive environment, so that rural couples voluntarily choose to have fewer children. In conclusion, the authors agree deeply that China should insist on implementing family planning policy and market economy.Chen, Y.X. (2007, October). Parent-child relationship in single-child families in China.WCPRR,2(4), 123-127. Retrieved from http:// /index-02_04_07.htmIn “Parent-child relationship in single-child families in China,” (WCPRR, October, 2007) Yixin Chen argues that as the Family Planning Policy has been carried out in China, there are some problems emerging and we need to pay much attention to these. Just like Chen (2007) writes, for four reasons causing child spoiled, treasuring, paying high expectations, excessive concerns and the emotional needs. (P.125) the children who come from one-child families would get more attached and dependent than the children who have siblings. Moreover, in some serious situations, less of them can be violent or immature even getting a hypochondriac condition. By investigating the parent-child relationships, the author strongly states his point of view that we should attach importance to the mental health of parents and children in the process of child development.China’s family planning. (July 21, 2011). Illegal children will be confiscated. The Economist. Retrieved from /node/18988496In “Illegal children will be confiscated,” the author criticizes that the one-child policy is going against human-right and caused a demographic problem. There is a fact that those children who are called illegal will be packed off to orphanages. Although Chinese fertility was down, it also leads some problems. Now China becomes one of the world’s lowest “dependency ratios” country. Too few young people cause aging society. It is disturbing to think facing too many elders and too few females’ problems brought by policy’s distortions how can the young men do under this generation of one-child policy.Family-planning Policy Helps Offer Better Education to Children. (October 22, 2001).Xinhua News Agency. Retrieved from /english/GS-e/20973.htmIn “Family-planning Policy Helps Offer Better Education to Children,” (Xinhua News Agency, October 22, 2001) the author writes that China’s one-child policy is helpful for China’s education, because the number of school-age children becomes lesser and lesser since this policy has been implemented. For macroscopic view, the less number of students could be helpful to ease the stress of educational system (more students and less school), preventing from too many students taking class in one room causing low efficiency and even no rooms for more children. For microcosmic view, fewer children can alleviate burdens on parents who can’t afford the spending of tuition, and save money for taking higher education. Especially in rural areas, these are far more obvious. In conclusion, the China’s family planning policy is helpful for China’s education to children and parents as well.Hudson V.M., & Boer A.D. (Spring 2008). China's Security, China's Demographics: Aging, Masculinization, and Fertility Policy. The Brown Journal of World Affairs, 14(2), 185-200. Retrieved from :2048/docview/219529131?account id=27424In “China's Security, China's Demographics: Aging, Masculinization, and Fertility Policy,”(The Brown Journal of World Affairs, Spring 2008) Valerie M. Hudson and Andrea den Boer intensively criticize the China’s family planning policy by analyzing the cost of it. In the words of authors, the one-child policy indeed helped to control the China’s population to an acceptable level, but, by the time, it also brings the social instability and security risks, such as masculinized sex ratios (gender imbalance) and aging society. The authors point out several serious problems which are caused by the aging and masculinization to prove that the one-child policy needs change. They also provide the supposition that if the Chinese were to move towards a two-child policy, the condition would be better. In sum, the authors are in their effort to persuade the audiences to believe this policy has posed a threat to China.Second child or not when one-child policy relaxes. (November 28, 2011). CNTV.Retrieved form /video/2011-11/28/content_24023149.htmIn “Second child or not when one-child policy relaxes,” the author writes that presently some cities in China have relaxed the one-child policy, and facing this chance, many young couples hesitate to have more than one child. Because of the high living cost, raising more children proves to be stressful and difficult. Another reason given by an senior citizen is that “Young parent nowadays think too much of themselves, they just don’t want to shoulder more responsibilities.” (Para. 6) But facing the problem of aging population, more and more eligible young couples will consider having a second child. For the new policy, people still need some other supporting policy to share the burden of rearing children.Zhang, H. (2012, May). One-child Policy is Harming China. The Economic Observer, (568). Retrieved from /ens/2012/0509/226124.shtmlIn “One-child Policy is Harming China,” (The Economic Observer, May, 2012) Hong Zhang claims that China’s one-child policy should be loosened and even abolished. Providing some facts and statistics, the author points out that the Chinese family planning is injustice and violating the human right. Firstly, Zhang shows us many problems which were caused by this policy, such as aging population, unbalanced gender ratio and the lag between this policy and socio-economic impact. And another serious problem is that the policy has caused a huge bureaucratic system. In his words, there are still some wealthy people at large by some evil ways. This is a big bug of the policy and we have no idea to solve it. In sum, basing on many social issues, the author declares that one-child policy is harming China.Zhao, H. X. (2013, March 11). China to maintain family planning policy. China Daily.Retrieved from/china/2013npc/2013-03/11/content_16299480.ht mIn “China to maintain family planning policy,” (China Daily, March 11, 2013) Huanxin Zhao, writes that China will continue the family planning policy although the government is planning to restructure the ministries. Today we still face lots of social issues like resource and population pressures, so family planning policy is still important for China. As the new government publishes the restructure plan, the implementation of family planning policy will be strengthened. The one-child policy is still important for China.Zhu, C. (2011). China’s Savings and Current Account Balance: A Demographic Transition Perspective.Modern Economy, 2, 804-813.doi:10.4236/me.2011.25089In “China’s Savings and Current Account Balance: A Demographic Transition,” Chao Zhu argues that China’s family planning policy should be maintained by analyzing the demographic structure, dependency ratios and China’s savings rate. Basing on some empirical findings and statistics, he points out that the dependency ratios have declined and then will increase to a peak, but finally will decrease to a low level. This is the trend and relax the policy will not change the fact. But on the contrast, if we maintain the policy, the population will goes to a desired level. He also points out that the problems we facing this moment is interim. In the long run, the family planning policy is good for China. So it is good that China should maintain this policy and Chinese people should not be too worried about that.。
文献注释(Annotated Bibliography)
文献注释（Annotated Bibliography）⏹Annotated Bibliography一般指用一种特殊引用风格描述的资源列表，这些引用风格可以不同，每个文献注释实体主要包括两部分：a)引用，用合适的格式如APA或MLA来确定文献的来源b)注释，对该文献进行简短的描述，描述的内容有该文献的主要内容、对作者研究的帮助、对文献的总结等，有的可能只需要文献的主要内容。
文献注释的主要用途是：a)为读者提供材料背景b)为了更进一步的研究提供帮助c)说明研究的意义⏹下面是我写的一个文献注释:S.Subashinin, V.KavithaA, Survey on security issues in service delivery models of cloud computing, Journal of Network and Computer Applications,2010.这篇文章首先对云计算中的基本概念进行了介绍，例如PaaS、SaaS、IaaS，阐述了云计算给企业带来的各种优点；然后重点介绍了云计算中的安全问题，有数据的存取安全、传输安全、数据库安全问题，罗列了当前已有的关于云计算安全问题的研究，并且对这些研究进行了分析和总结；最后作者提出了自己的安全模型，在目前的已有安全模型上添加一些模块如存储安全模块，通过这些添加的模块来提高云计算的安全。
虽然这篇作者阅读了大量的文献可以给读者提供许多参考文献，但是这些文献涉及的面并不广，主要集中在SaaS 的安全性问题，而且文章中并没有很详细的给出作者所提出的模型框图，导致模型不够清晰。
总体来说，这篇文章比较适合于刚刚涉足云计算安全性问题的读者，因为它对当前的一些研究进行分别进行了分析并总结，所以读了这篇文章对云计算安全问题会有一个比较好的理解，并且对当前的研究进展有一个很好的了解。
总结：上述是我写的一个文献注释，它包括两部分a)一部分是文献引用，标识了文件的来源文件名等b)另一部分就是对该文献的注释，注释内容包括三段，第一段主要阐述了该文献的主要内容，第二段分析了该文献的一些优缺点，最后给出了该文献适合的读者。
annotated bibliography apa 格式
annotated bibliography apa 格式APA格式的Annotated Bibliography（带注释的参考文献）一般包含以下元素：文献条目：按照APA引文格式详细列出每篇参考文献，包括作者、年份、文章标题、期刊名、卷号、期号和页码等。
注释部分：在每个文献条目下方，添加一段注释，对文献的主要观点、研究发现或理论进行总结，并对文献的价值和意义进行评估。
以下是一个示例：Annotation:This annotated bibliography provides a summary and critical analysis of selected articles and books that address the impact of climate change on human health. It highlights key findings and theoretical frameworks from each source, and evaluates their strengths and limitations in addressing this complex issue.Bibliography:Smith, J. (2019). TheImpact of Climate Change on Human Health. American Journal of Public Health, 102(10), 1858-1859. DOI:10.1007/s10147-019-01245-0.Annotation: This article summarizes the current state of scientific knowledge on the impact of climate change on human health, highlights potential health risks associated with climate change, and suggests strategies for mitigating these risks. It is a comprehensive review of the literature with strong methodological rigor. However, it lacks discussion on the role of policy in addressing these issues.请注意，以上示例仅供参考，实际写作时需根据具体文献内容和研究主题进行适当调整。
annoted bibliography中的引用
annoted bibliography中的引用引言在学术研究中，注释参考书目（annotated bibliography）是一种对文献资料进行评述和解读的方式。
它不仅仅列出了参考文献的基本信息，还附带有作者的评析和分析。
在注释参考书目中，引用是非常重要的一部分，它既能够向读者展示作者所使用的文献来源，又能够提供进一步阅读的机会。
本文将探讨注释参考书目中的引用的重要性以及正确的引用格式。
一、引用的重要性引用在注释参考书目中起到了至关重要的作用。
它可以确保研究具有学术可信度和可追溯性，同时也能够向读者提供更多参考文献的资源。
以下是引用在注释参考书目中的重要性的几个方面：1.1 显示研究来源引用在注释参考书目中能够准确地反映作者所使用的研究来源。
通过引用，作者可以向读者展示他们使用的参考文献，揭示了研究背后的理论基础和前人研究的贡献。
这对于读者来说是非常重要的，因为他们可以追溯到原始文献以验证作者的观点和结论。
1.2 提供证据支持引用还可以为作者的观点提供有力的证据支持。
通过引用其他学者的研究结果和观点，作者可以建立起自己的论证链条，并增强其研究的信服力。
读者在阅读注释参考书目时，可以通过阅读引用的文献来了解更多相关信息，进一步理解作者的观点。
1.3 扩展阅读范围注释参考书目中的引用还可以为读者提供进一步阅读的机会。
作为学术研究的一部分，注释参考书目中列出的文献资源可以帮助读者进一步扩展他们的阅读范围，深入了解特定领域的研究进展和相关问题。
这对于学生、研究人员和学者来说都是非常有益的。
二、正确的引用格式在注释参考书目中，引用的格式非常重要。
它能够帮助读者准确地找到所引用的文献，并了解文献的关键信息。
以下是注释参考书目中常见的引用格式：2.1 MLA格式MLA格式是一种常用的引用格式，适用于文学、人文和社会科学领域的研究。
在MLA格式中，引用通常包括作者的姓名、标题、出版物信息和页面范围。
例如：作者姓, 作者名. "文章标题." 杂志/书名卷号.期号 (出版日期): 页面范围.2.2 APA格式APA格式是心理学、教育学和自然科学领域常用的引用格式。
annotated bibliography格式
Annotated Bibliography是一种参考文献的引用列表，包括书籍、论文和其他出版物，通过总结、解释或评价每一条参考文献，针对某一专题概述已有研究成果。
Annotated Bibliography通常由文献列表和紧跟在每条文献之后的150-250字的简介段落组成。
在格式上，Annotated Bibliography的注释内容应当按照文献作者姓氏的字母顺序排列，并符合规定的引用格式。
检查文献列表初稿，予以挑选，并根据引用格式开列每篇参考文献。
注释部分的内容主要包括文献的作者、书名、出版社、出版年份、引用页码等信息。
同时，注释部分还需要对文献的主要内容进行简明扼要的介绍和评价，以便读者了解该文献的相关性和质量。
需要注意的是，不同的学术领域和出版机构对注释部分的长度和内容要求可能有所不同，因此具体格式要求需要参考相关的学术规范或出版指南。
writing an annotated-bibliography
WRITING AN ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHYWhat is an annotated bibliography?An annotated bibliography gives an account of the research that has been done on a given topic. Like any bibliography, an annotated bibliography is an alphabetical list of research sources. In addition to bibliographic data, an annotated bibliography provides a concise summary of each source and some assessment of its value or relevance. Depending on your assignment, an annotated bibliography may be one stage in a larger research project, or it may be an independent project standing on its own.Selecting the sources:The quality and usefulness of your bibliography will depend on your selection of sources.Define the scope and limits of your research carefully so that you can make good judgments about what to include and exclude:•What problem am I investigating? What question(s) am I trying to pursue? If your bibliography is part of a research project, this project will probably be governed by a research question. If your bibliography is an independent project on a general topic (e.g. aboriginal women andCanadian law), try formulating your topic as a question or a series of questions in order to define your search more precisely (e.g. How has Canadian law affecting aboriginal women changed asa result of the Charter of Rights and Freedoms? How have these changes affected aboriginalwomen? How have aboriginal women influenced and responded to these legal developments?).•What kind of material am I looking for? (academic books and journal articles? government reports or policy statements? articles from the popular press? primary historical sources? etc.)•Am I finding essential studies on my topic? (Read footnotes in useful articles carefully to see what sources they use and why. Keep an eye out for studies that are referred to by several of your sources.)Summarizing the argument of a source:An annotation briefly restates the main argument of a source. An annotation of an academic source, for example, typically identifies its thesis (or research question, or hypothesis), its major methods of investigation, and its main conclusions. Keep in mind that identifying the argument of a source is a different task than describing or listing its contents. Rather than listing contents (Example 1 below), an annotation should account for why the contents are there (Example 2).McIvor, S. D. (1995). Aboriginal women’s rights as “existing rights.”Canadian Woman Studies/Les Cahiers de la Femme 2/3, 34-38.This article discusses recent constitutional legislation as it affects the human rights of aboriginal women in Canada: the Constitution Act (1982), its amendment in 1983, and amendments to the Indian Act (1985). It also discusses the implications for aboriginal women of the Supreme Court of Canada’s interpretation of the Constitution Act in R. v. Sparrow (1991).McIvor, S. D. (1995). Aboriginal women’s rights as “existing rights.” Canadian Woman Studies/Les Cahiers de la Femme 2/3, 34-38.This article seeks to define the extent of the civil and political rights returned to aboriginal women in the Constitution Act (1982), in its amendment in 1983, and in amendments to the Indian Act (1985). This legislation reverses prior laws that denied Indian status to aboriginal women who married non-aboriginal men. On the basis of the Supreme Court of Canada’s interpretation of the Constitution Act in R. v. Sparrow (1991), McIvor argues that theto self-government.The following reading strategies can help you to identify the argument of a source:•Identify the author’s thesis (central claim or purpose) or research question. Both the introduction and the conclusion can help you with this task.•Look for repetition of key terms or ideas, especially those occurring in the thesis. Follow them through the text and examine what the author does with them.•Notice whether and how a theory is used to interpret evidence. Identify the method used to investigate the problem/s addressed in the text.•Notice how the text is laid out and organized. What are the main sections? What is emphasized? Why? Accounting for why will help you move beyond listing contents and toward accounting for argument. Look also for paragraphs that summarize the argument. Assessing the relevance and value of a source:Your annotation should now go on to briefly assess the value of the source to an investigation of your research question. If your bibliography is part of a research project, briefly identify how you intend to use the source and why. If your bibliography is an independent project, assess the source's contribution to the research on your topic. Keep in mind models for assessing arguments in your course materials and discipline.•Are you interested in the way the source frames its research question or in the way it goes about answering that question (its method)? Does the source make new connections or open up new ways of seeing a problem? How effective is the method of investigation? (e.g. bringing the Sparrow decision concerning aboriginal fishing rights to bear on the scope of women’s rights) •Are you interested in the way the source uses a theoretical framework or a key concept? Why do you find this use valuable? Is it problematic in some ways? (e.g. analysis of existing,extinguished, and other kinds of rights)•Does the source gather and analyze a particular body of evidence that you want to use? How good is the evidence? (e.g. the historical development of a body of legislation)•How do the source’s conclusions bear on your own investigation?Written by Deborah Knott, New College Writing Centre. Copyright 2004. All rights reserved. Based on materials originally developed for the Equity Studies Program, New College.。
annotated bibliography的组成 -回复
annotated bibliography的组成-回复Annotated Bibliography的组成Annotated Bibliography是指在一组书目前面，附上作者对每一篇书目的简要评注的一种文献写作形式。
Annotated Bibliography的主要作用是帮助读者了解每一篇书目的内容、结构、方法和价值，以提高阅读和写作的效率。
Annotated Bibliography通常包括书目的标准引用信息、主题和目的、方法和依据、结论和评价等内容。
下面分别介绍Annotated Bibliography的组成成分。
1. 书目的标准引用信息书目的标准引用信息与传统书目相同，包括作者、标题、出版社、出版日期和页数等。
这些信息可以从书目的封面、版权页或参考书目中获取。
标准引用信息能够帮助读者准确获取书目，同时也是评定书目质量和权威性的重要依据。
2. 主题和目的主题和目的是Annotated Bibliography的核心内容，主要介绍书目的研究领域、问题、目标和意义。
作者可以介绍书目的研究背景、现状、热点和趋势，以及本书目所涉及的学科、领域和理论框架等内容。
目的是指作者选择此书目的原因和期望达到的效果，可以包括对学术领域的贡献、对研究问题的解答、对实践应用的指导等方面。
3. 方法和依据方法和依据是Annotated Bibliography的关键内容，主要介绍书目的研究方法、数据来源、理论依据和分析框架等。
作者可以介绍书目的研究设计、采样方法、调查工具、数据处理和分析方法等技术细节，以及参照的文献、理论模型和分析框架等内容。
方法和依据是评价书目实证研究的重要依据，也是对研究过程和结论的透彻理解。
4. 结论和评价结论和评价是Annotated Bibliography的总结和评价部分，主要介绍书目的研究结论、贡献和限制。
结论是指作者对研究问题的回答和所得结论的总结和提炼，既可以是定性描述和解释，也可以是定量分析和表达。
经典AnnotatedBibliography范例展示（JOURNALARTICLES）.doc
经典Annotated Bibliography范例展示(JOURNAL ARTICLES)----写作指导论文-->Macaskill, Brian and Jeanne Colleran. "Reading History, . Coetzee's Foe." Contemporary Literature 33 (1992): 432-57.This article is predominantly a poststructural inism. Brian and Colleran site such authors as Derrida, Foucault, Barthes and Spivak ajor issues or parts addressed in the article. Topography of Confession focuses on Coetzee's confession or self-referent responses in his texts. Internal Foes: Feminist Deconstruction discusses the deferred placement of meaning in Coetzee's female characters. Obstacles, Doubt and the Truth of Confession sho Friday that is not explained, and the meaning it offers. Resistance and plicity discusses the poination and a Solution to a Problem of ichael K," "In the Heart of the Country" and "Foe." As ent of "others" in the novel and hoe of ‘selflessness’and discusses ho between being socially engaged and pursuing a goal of i-->ndividual salvation. [3] The article is good as a source because it applies Buddhism to modern times and modern issues. It also discusses the challenges modern citizenship brings to Buddhism theoretically. It is relevant to the rest of the sources as a result of this. [4] Despite attempts by Cho to explain the theory behind the aspects of Buddhism, some broader background knoe of the specific Buddhist ideals he raises. Furthermore, one of the most interesting points that Cho raises, that of social engagement versus individual enlightenment, is not developed as fully as it could have been and ajor reviemary of the novel throughout. oore pares several aspects of the text to that of other novels as ple of this is hoany things in the article such as his creation of fictional . He uses other examples of Coetzee's fiction to illustrate the ma is discussed or omitted from them. These examples also demonstrate hoitations of language ainly on Coetzee's various texts, ho other scholars such as Martin and Post. He uses examples from Coetzee's novels to illustrate hoan consciousness. In this the characters of a text, nor can the characters be separate from the text. Gitzen also focuses on the role language plays as it es betunist Modes." Critique 36.2 (1995): 145-60.online.EBSCO. 19 Jan 1999. 1-11.Cloines postcolonial and postmunist ideas present in both Coetzee's Foe and Luidimila Petrushovskaia's "The Neselves are discussed in detail and then applied to the terging modes of expression. The discussion of the two is divided--> into three main areas: "the voice of the female narrator and the question of gender roles, the nature of the island or isolation chronotope,and the refraining of the robinsonian narrative that occurs in both yth of economic individualism. He examines the cultural context of the myth in general and its historical impact on specifically the Robinson Cruso myth. Cloyth and the importance of understanding the historical background in understanding the meaning of its fiction.。
annotated bibliography的组成 -回复
annotated bibliography的组成-回复Annotated bibliography的组成指的是该文献综述的结构和内容构成。
以下是一份完整的组成：1. 文献综述的标题：给出整个综述的主题或焦点，透露出该文献综述的主旨。
2. 作者信息：提供作者的姓名和学术背景，以增加文献综述的可信度和权威性。
3. 引言：简要介绍文献综述的目的和重要性，并提出该综述所要解答的问题或研究的主题。
引言要使读者对综述的主题产生兴趣，并明确综述的范围和目标。
4. 文献综述主体：对选择的文献进行详细的评估和分析，并按照一定的结构组织。
通常，综述会按照时间顺序、主题、方法论、地域等因素进行分类和分组。
a. 文献简介：对每篇文献进行简要而准确的概述。
包括作者的研究问题、研究方法、主要结果和结论。
b. 文献评估：对每篇文献进行批判性的评估，包括评估其方法、数据的可靠性、实证研究的有效性、结论的合理性等。
c. 文献比较：将不同文献之间的共同点和差异点进行比较和对比，分析这些差异背后的原因和可能的解释。
d. 文献综述：基于对文献的评估和比较，总结出已有研究的主要发现和结论。
5. 结论：概括文献综述的主要观点、结论和对待解答的问题的回答。
6. 参考文献列表：按照引用文献的格式，给出综述中引用的所有文献的详细信息。
此外，根据综述的具体要求，还可以包括以下内容：7. 方法论：描述选择和筛选文献的方法和标准，以及评估和比较文献的方法。
8. 数据分析：通过对文献的定量或定性分析，提供更深入和详细的结果和结论。
9. 未来研究方向：基于对现有研究的总结和评估，提出未来研究的方向和建议。
在撰写文章时，可以按照以下步骤进行：1. 提出问题或确定主题：明确综述的目的和主题，明确需要回答的问题或提出的观点。
2. 搜集文献：通过学术数据库、图书馆目录、学术期刊等途径，搜集与主题相关的文献。
3. 评估文献：评估所搜集到的文献的可靠性、准确性和适用性。
annotated bibliography
Annotated BibliographyDue: Thursday, June 27, 2013Basics: at least five entries (sources, in APA format), all of them must be scholarly; each annotation should be as long as five to ten lines.1. DefinitionA bibliography is usually thought of as an alphabetical listing of books at the end of a written work (book, book chapter, or article), to which the author referred during the research and writing process. In addition to books, bibliographies can include sources such as articles, reports, interviews, or even non-print resources like Web sites, video or audio recordings. The standard bibliography details the citation information of the consulted sources: author(s), date of publication, title, and publisher's name and location (and for articles: journal title, volume, issue and page numbers). The primary function of bibliographic citations is to assist the reader in finding the sources used in the writing of a work.To these basic citations, the annotated bibliography adds descriptive and evaluative comments (i.e., an annotation), assessing the nature and value of the cited works. The addition of commentary provides the future reader or researcher essential critical information and a foundation for further research.2. CompositionAnnotations begin on the line following the citation data and may be composed with complete sentences or as verb phrases (the cited work being understood as the subject)—again at the discretion of the instructor. The annotation should include most, if not all, of the following:▪Explanation of the main purpose and scope of the cited work▪Brief description of the work's format and content▪Theoretical basis and currency of the author's argument▪Author's intellectual/academic credentials▪Work's intended audience▪Value and significance of the work as a contribution to the subject under consideration▪Possible shortcomings or bias in the work▪Any significant special features of the work (e.g., glossary, appendices, particularly good index)▪Your own evaluation of the work3. PURPOSENot to be confused with the abstract—which merely gives a summary of the main points of a work—the annotated bibliography both describes and evaluatesthose points. Whether an annotated bibliography concludes an article or book—or is even itself a comprehensive, book-length listing of sources—its purposes are the same:▪To illustrate the scope and quality of one's own research▪To review the literature published on a particular topic▪To provide the reader/researcher with supplementary, illustrative or alternative sources▪To allow the reader to see if a particular source was consulted▪To provide examples of the type of resources available on a given topic ▪To place original research in a historical context4. EXAMPLESSee handoutTask:1. This assignment should be single-spaced.2. Create an annotated bibliography with at least 5 sources (e.g., articles,book chapters/sections, valid internet sites). When choosing sources, consider author’s purpose, overall findings, timeliness of publication, article inherent value, how the article could be used in your RPIntroduction, etc. Keep a copy of the sources for yourself as well.3. Follow a common documentation format in your field (e.g., APA—talk to a professor or classmate if you are unsure of what documentation format to use). Include either the name of the documentation formatchosen or a copy of an article following the format with this assignment.4. Annotation should consist of a brief summary and a brief evaluativecomment (e.g., why the article may be useful for your paper). Make sure you do not plagiarize in this assignment.5. Submit copies of all articles (including full citation information) withannotated bibliography.。
Annotated+Bibliography+(sample)
An Annotated Bibliography of a Research Project on (William Blake/ William Wordsworth/ G.G. Byron/ P. B. Shelley/ JohnKeats)Requirements1. Select one poet from the 5 romantic poets2. Have a tentative topic3. Have a thesis (hypothesis)4. Select 10 academic references to annotate: 5 English materials & 5 Chinese materials5. Annotate each source with relevant data and a summary of the main idea and an assessment.6. Printed，Times New Roman, 小四Annotated Bibliography (Sample)Abbott, H. Porter. "What Do We Mean When We Say 'Narrative Literature?' Looking for Answers Across Disciplinary Borders." Style 34 (2000): 260-73.Reconsidering the concepts "narrative" and "literature" in terms of the cognitive operations they involve, Abbott suggests that narrative may act as a platform that other operations can be stacked upon without disrupting its running, whereas literariness may reside in a loose set of conditions that can be toggled on or off. (See the author's abstract.) Boden, Margaret A. The Creative Mind: Myths and Mechanisms. New York: Basic, 1991.Boden outlines a computational model of intuition and creativity (both artistic and scientific) based on the production and transformation of conceptual spaces, contrasting her account with introspective reports on creative processes, such as Coleridge's description of the composition of "Kubla Khan."冯晓黎：“《傲慢与偏见》王科一译本的成功与不足”，《重庆大学学报》，2006年12卷第三期。
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Annotated BibliographyTopic: Labour Movement in Atlantic Canada[1] MacEwan, P. (1976). Miners and steelworkers: labour in Cape Breton. S. Stevens.Miners and steelworkers: labour in Cape Breton is a book published in 1976 and written by Paul MacEwan. It contains twenty two chapters and introduces us the history of the labour movement in Cape Breton. The book is quite comprehensive, is starts with the background of Cape Breton and then tells us some historical event such as the labour sweep and donald the boo and the slowdown of 1941 according to the time order. Cape Breton is an island which is the northern third of Nova Scotia. Paul MacEwan have lived in Cape Breton since the age of eleven, and almost all of his personal friends are Cape Breton miners or steel workers. So, obviously, mining and steel industry are two staple industries of Cape Breton. This book also introduces the Cape Breton General Strike in 1920s, which is the most important historical event, and it related closely to the topic I have selected.As I mentioned in the last paragraph, this book is really comprehensive in the history of the labour movement in Atlantic Canada. However, because the book was published in 1976, so a long time has past since the publishment. Some of the new information can not be included in this book. But in general, the book is still worth reading and is really helpful to my topic.[2] Hazleton, R. (1981). Labour in Prince Edward Island: A Case Study,'. Labour in Atlantic Canada, 35-53.Labour in Prince Edward Island: A Case Study is an article written by Ralph Hazleton, an economist of University of Prince Edward Island. He attempts to spell out the effect of the socio-economic, political and cultural climates on collective bargaining. More specifically, his article is a history of the almost nonexistent labour movement on the island. It is his thesis that certain key characteristics of island life and history have been hostile to the evolution of a labour movement.This paper is a case study of the labour in Prince Edward Island. It really helps me to know and understand more about the labour movement and history of Prince Edward Island especi ally the Canada Packers’ Strike and make my study more extensive. But for his thesis, I think it may be too assertive to conclude that labour’s lack of regional roots means that the functions of such a movement have gone unfulfilled.[3]Lautard, E. H., & Loree, D. j. Occupational Differentiation Between British and French in the Atlantic Provinces. Labour in Atlantic Canada, 32-43.This article is also an example of the multi-dimensional nature of labour. Lautard and Loree show how the structure of occupations is related in significant ways to specific Atlantic Canadian ethnic patterns. So firm has the relationship been that thedistribution of occupations is a useful indicator of the degree of equality or inequality.Unlike the other articles, this article makes a comparison between British and French’s occupatioanal differentiation. It can make my study more diversified.[4] Garland, R. The Misfortunes of The Labour--NDP. Labour in Atlantic Canada, 44-54.This article is an example of the multi-dimensional nature of labour. It focuses on certain relationships between work on the one hand, and other areas of social life on the other, and deals with the relationship between labour and politics. In a justifiably gloomy portrayal, political scientist Robert Garland analyzes the misfortunes of the regional alliance between organized labour and the NDP. His call for a “divorce of convenience” probably will not be greeted with open arms by either partner.This article is a little redical in my opinion. Maybe the opinion will not be accepted by all the people. But it is significative to receive different sounds.[5] Brym, R., Bauer, L. B., & McIvor, M. (2013). Is Industrial Unrest Reviving in Canada? Strike Duration in the Early Twenty‐First Century. Canadian Review of Sociology/Revue canadienne de sociologie, 50(2), 227-238.This article is published in 2013 and aim to find the reason why industrial unrestis reviving in Canada. Fist of all, Brym and McIvor list some data about the unrest in different time in Canada. Then, they discuss the proactive and reactive strikes. At last, they come to an conclusion.Unlike the former articles, this article was just published in 2013 and provided us so may data after twenty-first century. We can see the labour unrest of twenty-first century and find the difference between the unrest past and present. But unfortunately, it is not an article which fits my topic very well. However, we can still get some thing from it.I would like to choose choice one for this lesson.。