无机化学与分析南京大学出版社第3章答案
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反应向逆反应方向进行
12: 解: N2 O4(g) NO2(g)
始 转 平
1
-X 1 -X
0
2X 2X
(
400kpa时, Kθ =
×400/100)2 1 X
1 X 1 X
2X
= 1.00
= 68X2
4
X =0.2425
×400/100
%
100 % 24 . 25 % 总压力为400kpa时N2O4的转化率为24.25% 2X 1 ( 1 X ×1000/100)2 1000kpa时 Kθ = = 1.00 2 = 4 410X X =0.1561 1 X ( 1 X ×1000/100)
=
m
m e
1 .1592
20 6 .28 ( g )
=
㏑
m
㏑
= - 3.22×10-4×3600 = - 1.1592
23: 解
Ea
RT 1T 2 T1T 2
㏑
k2 k1
㏑
3
8 . 314 650 670 670 650
7 10 2 10
5 5
Kθ =
(0.4X) 2 = 54.5 ( 0.2 – 0.2X ) 2 X = 0.7867 I2的转化率为78.67%
7: 解: (3) 2N2O(g) + K3θ =
3O2(g) 4NO2 (g)
K θ3
(3) = (2) ×2 - (1)
(K 2θ)2
K 1θ
(8.8 × 10-19)2 = -37 =1.613 4 .8 × 10
0 . 2425
%
0 . 1561 1
100 % 15 . 61 % 总压力为1000kpa时N2O4的转化率为15.61%
17: 解(1) : V = k C(S2O82-) ·C (I-)
(2) : k=
= V 0.65×10-6 = 0.65 mol/L/min C(S2O82-) ·C (I-) 1×10-4×1 ×10-2
(3):V = k C(S2O82-) ·C (I-) = 0.65×5×10-4×5×10-2 = 1.625×10-5 mol/L/min
18: 解(1) : V = k2 C(H2) ·C (Br)
K=
C2 (Br) C (Br2)
→C2 (Br)
= KC (Br2) → C(Br) = KC ( B r 2)
△n=1
始 0.04mol 0 mol 转 0.0065 mol 0.013 X mol 平 ( 0.04 - 0.0065)mol 0.013 mol vN2O4 = 0.0335/(0.0335+0.013) = 0.72 vNO2 = 0.13 /(0.0335+0.013) = 0.28
0.0065mol
=22.38Kpa
PCl2 = 22.38 kpa PCOCl2 = 117.50 kpa
Kθ =
(22.38/100) 2 117.50/100
= 0.043
4: 解: △n= △ PV/RT = (116-100) X1/(8.315 X298) = 0.0065 mol N2 O4(g) 2 NO2(g)
[C (H+) / Cθ ]
3: 解:
COCl2 (g) CO(g)+ Cl2 (g)
0.025mol
0.025×16%mol 0.021mol
始 转 平
0
0.004 mol 0.004 mol
0
0.004mol 0.004mol
PCO = n R T / V =
0.004×8.314×673 1.0
8:(1)增大容器体积 (2)加O2 (3)加O2 (4)加O2 (5)减小容器体积 (6)减小容器体积 (7)减小容器体积 (8)升高温度 (9)升高温度 (10)加N2 (11)加催化剂
n(H2O)减小 n(H2O)增大 n(O2 ) 增大 n (HCl) 减小 n(Cl2)增大 P (Cl2)增大 Kθ 不变 Kθ增大 P (HCl)增大 n (HCl)增大 n (HCl) 不变
第三章 化学平衡与化学反应速率
1 : (2) SiCl4(l)+ Hwenku.baidu.comO (l) 解
Kθ =
= SiO2
(s)
+ 4HCl (g)
[ P (HCl) / Pθ]4 [P (H2O) / Pθ ]2
(4)
ZnS(s) + 2H+(aq) Zn2+(aq)+ H2S(g)
Kθ =
[C (Zn 2+) /Cθ] ·[P (H2S) / Pθ]
A
(2)
㏑
k2 k1
Ea RT
2
7
Ea RT 1
146 10
3
8 . 314 773
7
254 10
3
8 . 314 773
16 . 8
k2 k1
1 . 98 10 2 10 倍
226 . 80 kJ / mol
㏑
k 2 10
5
226 . 80 10 8 . 314
(
1 650
1 690
) 2 . 43
k 2 . 3 10
4
s
1
25:
解: ㏑
k1
k
k2
Ea RT
1
㏑
㏑
A
A
A
(1)
Ea RT
2
㏑ k
(1) – (2)
K θ = (0.28x116)2 / (0.72x116) = 0.12
5: 解: H2 (g) +
I 2(g) 2HI (g)
0.2mol
0.2 X mol 0.2 - 0.2X mol
始 转 平
0.2mol
0.2 X mol 0.2 - 0.2Xmol
0
0.4Xmol 0.4Xmol
0. 4x · RT PHI = n R T / V = V PH2 = PI2 = (0.2 -0.2x) RT / V
9: 解:
P气 = n R T / V = 0.1 ×8.314 ×500 10
[P (NH3) /Pθ] 2 J= [P (N2) / Pθ ] ·[P (H2) / Pθ]3
= 41.57
kpa
(41.57/100) 2 = (41.57/100)(41.57/100) 3
= 5.8> K θ
V = k2 C(H2) 令k = k2
K
KC ( B r 2)
V = k C(H2) C1/2(Br2)
20: 解(1) t1/2 = ㏑2 / k = ㏑2 / 3.22×10-4 = 2.15×103 s (2) ㏑c = ㏑co –kt ㏑ ㏑
m VM
=
m VM
kt m 20
m VM m VM