英语语法名词专题
初中英语语法专题名词与动词
初中英语语法专题名词与动词初中英语语法专题名词名词一、英语名词可分专有名词和普通名词两大类：1、专有名词是个别的人、地、物、团体、机构等的专用名称。
专有名词中实词的第一个字母要大写。
如：Beijing, Tom, the People’s Republic of China(中华人民共和国) 专有名词如果是含有普通名词的短语,那么必须使用定冠词the。
如：the Great Wall(长城)姓氏名如果采用复数形式,那么表示该姓氏一家人(复数含义),如：the Greens( 格林一家人)。
2、普通名词是许多人或事物的共有名称。
如：pupil, family, man,foot.普通名词又分为可数名词和不可数名词。
▲可数名词是可以用简单的数词进行计数的名词,如： bo某, child, orange;▲不可数名词是不可以用简单的数词进行计数的名词。
如：water, news, oil, population, information .二、英语可数名词的单复数：英语可数名词有单数和复数两种形式。
1、名词由单数变复数的根本方法如下：①在单数名词词尾加s。
如：map → maps,boy→ boys,horse→ horses, table→ tables.②s,o,某 ,sh,ch结尾的词加es.如：class→classes, bo某→bo某es, hero→heroes, dish→dishes, bench→benches.[注]：少数以o结尾的词,变复数时只加s。
如：photo→photos,pi ano→pianos.③以辅音字母加y结尾的名词,变y为i,再加es。
如：family→families,city→cities, party→parties.④以f或fe结尾的名词,变f或fe为v,再加es。
如：shelf→shelves, wolf→wolves, life→lives, knife→knives.2、不规那么变化：man→men, woman→women,sheep→sheep,tooth→teeth, fish→fish, child→chil dren, o某→o某en, goose→geese不可数名词一般没有复数形式,说明其数量时,要用有关计量名词。
高考英语语法名词专题讲解练习含答案
可数名词的数1．单数名词变为复数名词的基本规则。
(1)以–o 结尾的名词变为复数时，常在词尾加–s ，但下列名词要加–es ：黑人英雄．．．．在回声．．中吃土豆．．、西红柿．．．，即：Negroes, heroes, echoes, potatoes, tomatoes 。
下列以–o 结尾的名词变为复数时既可以加–es ，也可以加–s ：zeros /zeroes(零)，mosquitos/mosquitoes(蚊子)，volcanos/volcanoes(火山)。
(2)以–f 或–fe 结尾的名词变为复数时，一般去掉f 或fe 加–ves ：为了自己活命．．．．，小偷．．和他的妻子．．手里拿着刀子．．和树叶．．站在架子．．上，把狼．劈成两半．，即：selves, lives, thieves, wives, knives, leaves, shelves, wolves, halves 。
但下列以–f 或–fe 结尾的名词变为复数时直接加–s ：屋．顶．上的首领信仰保险箱．．．．．．．，即：roofs, chiefs, beliefs, safes 。
下列以–f 结尾的名词变为复数时既可以去掉f 加–ves ，也可以直接加–s ：handkerchiefs /handkerchieves(手帕)，scarfs/scarves(围巾)。
(3)合成名词变成复数时，通常只将里面所含的主体名词变为复数，如果没有主体名词，则将最后一部分变为复数。
如：sons–in–law(女婿), passers–by(过路人), story–tellers(讲故事的人), breakfasts(早餐), housewives(家庭主妇)。
2．常见单复数同形的名词。
如：means, aircraft, deer, fish, fruit, cattle, Chinese, Japanese, sheep, works(工厂)等。
英语语法名词题库及答案
（一）名词1．To the sea captain’s surprise，he found that travel could also be quite pieasant．A．earth B．1and C．ground D．plain2．Some famous singers live on the from their record sales．A．salary B．value C．bill D．income3．Many countries are increasing their use of nature gas，wind and other forms of ．A．energy B．source C．power D．material4．You can take as many as you like because they are free of ．A．fare B．charge C．money D．pay5．George always wants things done quickly．He’s got to .A．idea B．means C．patience D．decision6．Do you know the of the saying I just quoted?A．source B．resource C．course D．cause7．—Why did you refuse to move in the house?—Because it was really in a poor and dirty ．A．form B．kind C．shape D．state8．His name was on the of my tongue，but I just couldn’t remember it．A．end B．edge C．tip D．side9．You shouldn’t let children play with．It’s dangerous!A．football B．watches C．matches D．chess10．We’ll have PE this afternoon but I forgot to bring my .A．sports clothes B．sport clothes C．clothes of sports D．sport’s clothes 11．Dark clouds are a of rain while a smile is a of friendshipA．gesture；sign B.mark；sign C.sign；gesture D.sign；mark 12．—Is the house very expensive，Dick?—I don’t think it’s worth the they are asking．A．price B．cost C．value D．money 13．These days I hire two in my house．A．man servants B．men servant C．man servant D．men servants 14．The editor to1d the newsman to write report．A．a two-thousand-words B．a two-thousands-wordsC．a two thousand Word D．a two-thousand-word15．The brook lies within of the train station．A．ten-minute-ride B．ten minutes rideC．ten minute’s ride D．ten minutes’ride16．Though I spoke to him many times，he never took any of what I said．A．remark B．observation C．attention D．notice17．came that his should be kept secret．A．A word；words B．The word；word C．Word：words D．Words；Word 18．We’ve missed the last bus．I’m aftaid we have no but to take a taxi．A．way B．choice C．possibility D．selection 19．—How was your recent Visit to Qingdao?—It was great．We visited some friends，and spent the days at the seaside．A．few 1ast sunny B．1ast few sunny C．few sunny list D．1ast sunny few 20．We climbed higher up the mountain so that We could get a better ．A．view B．idea C．point D．opinion21．We have worked out a plan．But I’m not sure whether it will do in ．A．fact B．practice C．deed D．time22．—I’ve got an“A”in the examination．——T11at’s a good .You’ll surely win a sec-ond．A．result B．start C．news D．idea23．The makes me feel sick．A．sign B．sight C．scene D．look24．— What a pleasant these trees give us!——Why not stop here and have a rest in it?A．shade B．shadow C．peace D．scene25．They can never make good nurses，not having the necessary .A．practice B．education C．exercise D．training26．Mr Tong couldn’t keep pace with the others as theymarched along．He often stood out of ．A．order B．sight C．mind D．line27．I’m afraid that there is no for you in my car,because there are already five people．A．place B．room C．need D．position28．it is to go swimming on sueh a hot day!A．What fun B．How fun C．What a fun D．How a fun 29．—Heavy trucks which run day and night are doing damage to our houses and shops of historicalA．scene B．period C．interest D．sense30．The dress is nic e but she doesn’t like the on the material．A．sharp B．size C．model D．pattern31．It is foolish to go to the of taking music lessons if you never practice．A．expense B．sense C．pay D．money32．For twenty years Gandhi p1ayed an important in working for equal rights fbr Indians．A．action B．ro1e C．figure D．position33．Last night the president made a speech on TV to the .A.countryB.stateC.1andD.nation34．The old house belongs to ．A．Jac k’s and his brother B．Jack’s and his brother’sC．Jack and his brot her’s D．Jack and his brother35．will make a trip to China during the summer holidays．A．The Evens B．The Even’s C．The Evenses D．The Evenses' 36．I’d lik e you to meet David’a cowboy．A．dark，handsome and tall B．tall，handsome and darkC．dark，tall and handsome D．tall，dark and handsome37.The young student is as a writer．It’s to all his teachers．A．success；surprise B．a success；sorpriseC．success；a surprise D．a success；a surprise38.My mother’s is getting grey，but my father has only a few grey ．A．hairs；hair B．hair：hair C．hair；hairs D．hair：hairs39. unicle is going to pick them up at the airport this afternoon．A．Jac k’s and Joan’s B．Jack’s and JoanC．Jack and Joan’s D．Jack and Joan40.Many old houses are being pulled down to make for the apartment buildings．A．room B．ground C．space D．area41.Enough of it! Nobody here thinks what you are say ing hould make any ．A．excuse B．sense C．use D．value(一)名词1-5 BDABC 6-10 ADCCA 11-15 CADDD 16-20 DCBBA 21-25 BABAD 26-30 DBAC 31-35 ABDDC 36-40 DDCCA 41 B1. The manager has got a good business________so the company is doing well.A.ideaB.senseC.thoughtD.thinking2. The collapse of the World Trade Centre has put US economy in a difficult________.A.occasionB.caseC.situationD.background3. More and more people choose to shop in a supermarket as it offers a great ________ of goods.A.varietyB.mixtureC.extensionbination4.It won’t make much ________ whether you agree or not.A.difficultyB.troubleC.differenceD.matter5.If by chance someone comes to see me, ask him to leave a ________.A.messageB.letterC.sentenceD.notice6.No one has yet succeeded in explaining the ________ of how life began.A.causeB.problemC.reasonD.puzzle 金太阳新课标资源网7.You must get there within an hour.There should be no ________ in sending this information to him.A.questionB.problemC.quarrelD.delay8.I can’t give you the card without Smith’s ________.A.agreementB.allowingC.permissionD.perfomance9.What impressed me most was that they never lost ________.A.heartsB.heartC.their heartD.their hearts10.—Where is the new dictionary?—It’s on the top shelf,out of ________.A.reachB.sightC.touchD.order11.Though I spoke to him many times, he never took any ________ of what I said.A.remarkB.observationC.attentionD.notice12.—Where’s your sister?—At ________. 金太阳新课标资源网A.the Smith’sB.doctor’sC.Mr.Green’sD.house of Mr.Green13.Have a ________ of these apples.They are sweet and delicious.A.lookB.tasteC.smellD.appear14.Each man explained the pains that he had felt and they agreed that they had grown worse on their ________A.roadB.streetC.wayD.direction15.Many countries are increasing their use of natural gas, wind and other forms of ________.A.energyB.sourceC.powerD.material16.I went to buy a ________ of China Daily.A.pieceB.sheetC.lotD.copy17.Shelly had prepared carefully for her English examination so that she could be sure of passing it on her first ________.A.intentionB.purposeC.attemptD.desire18.This is not a match.We’re playing chess just for ________.A.habitB.hobbyC.funD.game 金太阳新课标资源网19.There are usually at least two ________ of looking at every question.A.meansB.directionsC.viewsD.ways20.We have worked out the plan and now we must put it into ________.A.factB.realityC.practiceD.deed21.She is young for the job, but on the other ________,she is well trained.A.wayB.situationC.chanceD.hand22.We’ve missed the last bus.I’m afraid we have no ________ but to take a taxi.A.selectionB.choiceC.possibilityD.way23.The football players had no strict ________ until they joined our club.A.practicecationC.exerciseD.training24.I’ll look into the matter as soon as possible.Just have a little ________.A.waitB.timeC.patienceD.rest25.The most important________ of his speech was that we should all work whole-heartedly for the people.A.pointB.senseC.spotD.view 金太阳新课标资源网26.—I’d like ________ information about the m anagement of your hotel, please.—Well, you could have ________ word with the manager.He might be helpful.A.some;aB.an;someC.some;someD.an;a27.He told me he had been offered a very well-paid ________.A.businessB.serviceC.workD.position28.Each player must obey ________, who is the leader of the team.A.captainB.a captainC.the captainD.captains29.It was ________ that he had to ask for help.A.such big a workB.a so big jobC.a so big workD.such a big job30.He dropped the ________ and broke it.A.cup of coffeeB.coffee’s cupC.cup for coffeeD.coffee cup31.He gained his ________by printing ________ of famous writers.A.wealth;workB.wealths;worksC.wealths;workD.wealth;works32.The policeman is offering a ________ to anyone who can give information about the lost children.A.prizeB.rewardC.priceD.money33.What ________! Where did you get them?A.big fishB.a big fishC.a piece of big fishD.big a fish34.Here’s my card.Let’s keep in ________.A.touchB.relationC.connectionD.friendship35.He left ________ with my secretary that he would call again in the afternoon.He said he would keep ________.A.words;his wordsB.word;his wordC.word;wordD.the word;his words36.You’ll find this m ap of great ________ in helping you to get round London.A.priceB.costC.valueefulness 金太阳新课标资源网37.Father went to his doctor for ________ about his ________ trouble.A.advice;heartB.advices;heartsC.advices;heartD.advice;hearts38.We held a party in ________ of our Australian teacher, Meggi.A.prizeB.honorC.praiseD.pride39.—How can I use this washing machine?—Well, just refer to the ________.A.directionsB.explanationsC.expressionsD.introductions40.When I give up work I shall take a long sea ________.A. tripB. voyageC. travelD. journey41.The new law will come into ________ on the day it is passed.A.effecteC.serviceD.existence42.Although I like the appearance of the house, what really made me decide to buy it was the beautiful ________ through the window.A.sceneB.lookC.viewD.picture43.Everybody thinks little of the film.In fact, there is no ________ of it being tried out in the film festival. 金太阳新课标资源网A.possibilityB.signeD.doubt44.—Tom,will you boys play soldiers outside?There’s not enough ________ for you boys here.—But we can play in the next ________,can’t we?A.places;placeB.room;roomC.rooms;spaceD.house;rooms45.The doctor didn’t tell me how many ________ I should pay for having my tooth pulled out.A.moneyB.dollarsC.priceD.cost46.—Is this bridge made of ________?—Yes, it is made of 2300 huge ________.A.stone;stoneB.stones;stonesC.stone;stonesD.stones;stone47.He stays at home every day without a job, but he gets good ________.A.salaryB.wageC.payD.income48.—Mum, I’m going to visit my aunt.What about a week?—A week is too long.Try to be back in a ________ of days.A.numberB.dozenC.fewD.couple49.As a writer,he succeeded in calling________to many of the terrible wrongs that existed at that time.A.attentionB.interestC.noticeD.strength50.If you don’t take away all your things from the desk,there won’t be enough ________ for my dictionary. 金太阳新课标资源网A.areaB.placeC.spaceD.surface51.Mrs.Green tried hard to find a job but she had no ________.A.luckB.timeC.hopeD.chance52.His daughter is always shy in ________ and she never dares to make a speech to ________.A.the public;the publicB.public;the publicC.the public;publicD.public;public53.I should like to try that coat on，for I don’t know if it is my ________.A.shapeB.modelC.designD.size54.The need for an operation，especially an immediate operation，almost always comes as a ________ to the patient and his family.A.surpriseB.happinessC.disappointmentD.shock55.Fast-food restaurants are ________ to us all.A.of many helpsB.a great helpC.great helpsD.much help56.It is tr ue that parents often find it difficult to win their children’s ________.A.honourB.trustC.respectD.money57.These young people are now making an active ________ to beautify (美化) our city.A.partB.effortC.decisionD.plan58.This plan has its weak point,that is to say,it has its ________,but on the whole we are satisfied with it.A.questionB.shortcomingC.conditionD.progress59.—What you like may not be what I like.—Yes，one man’s meal is another man’s ________.A.poisonB.medicineC.mealD.food60.He said that two ________ would come to our school the next day.A.woman scientistB.women scientistC.woman scientistsD.women scientists【答案】1~5 BCACA6~10 ADCBA 金太阳新课标资源网11~15 DCBCA 16~20 DCCDC21~25 DBDCA 26~30 ADCDD31~35 DBAAB 36~40 CABAC41~45 ACABB 46~50 CDDAC51~55 ABDDB 56~60 CBBAD【部分解析】1.a good business sense 是“(有)经济头脑”的意思。
中考英语语法专题之名词(含练习及答案)
5. Your mother cooks nice __________. I like it very much.A. breadB. beefsC. eggsD. dumplings6.-How can I get some ______ about the 2016 Olympic Games? -Why not search the Internet?A. informationB. experienceC. practiceD. success7.______ about the sports meeting make us excited.A. NewsB. InformationC. MessagesD. Advice8.The Belt and Road initiative(一带一路倡议) will help China improve ______ with lots of countries.A. relationshipB. agreementC. environmentD. progress3.名词的所有格: 在英语中,有生命的名词及表示时间、距离、国家、城市的名词,常在词尾加's 表示所属关系,叫做名词的所有格。
翻译成:"的"。
如:Tom's bike (汤姆的单车)。
名词的所有格例词、例句①直接在词尾加's Kate's bag, Children's Day, Women's Day②以s结尾的名词所有格,在词尾加' Teachers' Day, students' books③表示两人共同拥有的人或物,在后一个人名后加's Lucy and Lily's mother (共同的妈妈)④表示两人分别拥有的人或物,则两个人名后都要加's Tom's and Jim's rooms (各自的房间)⑤表某人的家、店铺、住宅、公共建筑等地名时,所有格后面的名词常常省略at the doctor's(在医务室); at Tom's (在汤姆的家)⑥表示无生命名词的所有格,用of 表达the door of the room, the color of the clothes⑦双重所有格:用's所有格/名词性物主代词与of 所有格相结合。
英语名词语法专题
a poem(一首诗 ) a machine(一台机器 ) a job(一件工作 ) a laugh(一个笑声 ) a permit(许可证 ) a garment (一件衣裳 ) a bag(case) (一件行李 ) a loaf (一只面包 ) a hair(一根头发 )
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poetry(诗歌总称 ) machinery(机器总称 ) work(工作 ) laughter(笑声 ) permission(允许 ) clothing(衣裳总称 ) luggage, baggage(行李 ) bread(面包 ) hair( 头发)
a youth (年青人 )
power ( 力量 )
a power ( 大国 )
beauty ( 美 )
a beauty ( 美人，美的东西 )
pleasure( 愉快 ) 2021/5/27
relation(关系）
a pleasure( 使人感到愉快的事 )
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a relation(亲戚）
英语中有许多对词，一个可数，一个不可数。
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3. Material Nouns: 指无法分为个体的物质。
Eg: beer; cake; cloth; cotton; detergent; fur; ice; paint; paper; soil
一般来说，物质名词是不可数的，因而没有复数形式。但有一些 特殊情况：
1) 有些物质名词可用作可数名词，表示“一份”、“一杯”、
Eg: Diana; Beijing; Americans;English; May; New Year’s Day
注意：专有名词的第一个字母要大写
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超实用高考英语复习语法专题：名词冠词
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的单词主要有：means; works；series；species。单复 数同单数形式的单词主要有：Chinese, Japanese， aircraft，sheep，deer，swine，fish等。
11. people表示“人”时，单复数同单数形式； 表示“民族”时，复数须加s；fish单复数同单数形 式，复数形式fishes表示“各种各样的鱼”。
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【点拨】 可 数 名 词 ： book; experience; help; class;
success; difficulty; interest; month; failure; fish; people
不可数名词： steel; air; materialism; experience; help; success; difficulty; luck; interest; failure; fish; information; furniture; amusement
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【点拨】 1. A A．党员； B. 党的号召。在“党员”中，名词 定语表示members的性质；在“党的号召”中，Party 具有动作发出者的作用，calls虽然是名词，却具有动 作的含义。 2. A A．请不要把狗粮放在桌子下面。B. 狗粮和人 的食品一样贵。前句 dog's food，特指给某一条狗食 用的。后者指类别，即供狗食用的食品，并非只给某 条狗食用。
3. Facts speak louder than words. 事实胜于雄辩。 【答案】 Facts；words
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4. It takes two to make a quarrel. 一个巴掌拍不响。
【答案】 quarrel
1
表示人或事物(事件/行为)名称的词是名词。
初中英语语法知识—名词的专项训练及答案
初中英语语法知识—名词的专项训练及答案一、初中英语名词选择题1．—When is ________ birthday?—Her birthday is on October 5th.A．your brother’s B．your C．your sister’s D．yours【答案】C2．—Where’s my key, Dad?—I think it’s in your ________ room.A．grandparents B．grandparent C．grandparents’【答案】C3．Mrs. Bond is an old friend of ________.A．Jack mother B．Jack mother’s C．Jack’s mother D．Jack’s mother’s 【答案】D4．There are still ________ in the kitchen. We don’t have to buy more drinks. A．orange juice B．tomatoes C．cola D．bottles of cola 【答案】D5．It is over ________from Shijiazhuang to Beijing.A．three hours’ drive B．three hour’s drive C．three hours’ drives D．three hour drive【答案】A6．I've read ________ sports news about the Fl race today.A．two B．pieces C．two pieces D．two pieces of 【答案】D7．At weekends, ________ teachers like going to ________.A．woman; shoe shops B．women; vegetables shops C．woman; sport shops D．women; clothes shops【答案】D8．Mr. Green is ________ father.A．Jim and Kate B．Jim and Kate’s C．Jim’s and Kate D．Jim’s and Kate’s 【答案】B9．Bill had to finish school by himself, with no ________ from his family. A．safety B．leader C．support D．praise【答案】C10．I’m ________ Sunshine Football Team.A．the member B．the member of C．a member of D．a member【答案】C11．Most of the students in the class are ________.A．fourteen-year-old B．fourteen year old C．fourteen years old’s D．fourteen-year-olds【答案】D12．There are four________ and two________ at the________.A．Johns; Marys; doctors B．Johns; Marys; doctor’s C．John’s; Mary’s; doctor’s D．John; Mary; d octor’s【答案】B13．The woman in a hat is ________ aunt.A．Jack and John B．Jack’s and John C．Jack and John’s D．Jack’s and John’s 【答案】C14．No one should enter the spot without the ________ of the police.A．permit B．permission C．permitting D．permittence 【答案】B15．This is ________ apple. Those are ________.A．a; banana B．an; banana C．an; bananas【答案】C16．—How much are the ________?—They are 80 ________.A．shoes; dollar B．pair of shoes; yuan C．shoes; yuanD．pair of shoes; dollars【答案】C17．I like some ________ and ________ for breakfast.A．bread; apple B．egg; apples C．eggs; apple D．bread; apples 【答案】D18．Look! There are many ________ on the hill.A．monkeys B．horse C．cow【答案】A19．There are four ________ and two ________ in the group. A．Japanese; Germen B．Japaneses; Germen C．Japanese; Germans D．Japaneses; Germans【答案】C20．—Who are the women?—They are _________ mothers.A．Jim and Tom B．Jim’s and Tom’sC．Jim’s and Tom D．Jim and Tom’s【答案】B21．Our PE teacher ________ tall and he ________ of medium build. A．has; has B．has; is C．is; has D．is; is【答案】D22．—How many ________ do we need?—Three.A．sugar B．bananas C．honey D．cheese【答案】B23．We all know that Women’s Day is in ________.A．February B．March C．June D．July【答案】B24．—I think your radio is in your ________ room.—Yes, it’s in their room. I put it there yesterday.A．parent’s B．parents’C．parent【答案】B25．My cousin is in ________.A．class 1, grade 7 B．grade 7, class 1 C．Class 1, Grade 7 D．Grade 7, Class 1 【答案】C26．As________ honest girl, Lucy has told us the________ .A．a; truth B．an; true C．an; truth【答案】C27．________ mother is a teacher in a junior high school.A．Lucy and Lily B．Lucy and Lily’s C．Lucy’s and Lily’s D．Lucy’s and Lily 【答案】B28．I’m very thirsty(口渴的). Can I have ________?A．two cup of oranges B．two cups of orangesC．two cup of orange D．two cups of orange【答案】D29．I want to improve my reading skill. Can you give me some _______? A．advices B．advice C．advise D．advises【答案】B30．Tan’s new work was a great ________, and he is a ________ composer. A．success ; successful B．successful ; successful C．success ; success D．successful ; success【答案】A31．—Frank is a creative boy. He had great ________ in yesterday’s speechcompetition.—He is also smart and hard-working.A．success B．succeed C．successful D．successes 【答案】A32．—Who’s the woman in a black hat?—She’s ________ mother.A．Tom and Jim B．Tom’s and JimC．Tom’s and Jim’s D．Tom and Jim’s【答案】D33．She ________ her cat last week. She was sad for the ________ of the cat. A．lose; loss B．lost; losingC．lost; loss D．lost; lost【答案】C34．Don’t be afraid to ask for some ________ about ordering the meal. A．suggestion B．method C．opinion D．advice【答案】D35．There is (有) much ________ in the plate (盘子).A．banana B．apple C．pears D．chicken【答案】D36．Confucius was a great ________. His ________ are spread all over the world. A．think; thoughts B．thought; thinkers C．thinker; think D．thinker; thoughts【答案】D37．There is no more ________ in that ________ for so many people. A．room; rooms B．rooms; room C．room; room D．rooms; rooms 【答案】C38．Tomorrow is ________. Let’s buy some gifts(礼物) for our teachers. A．Teacher’s Day B．teacher’s day C．Teachers’ Day【答案】C39．Here is a photo ________ my family.A．for B．in C．of D．at【答案】C40．The month before April is ________.A．May B．March C．June D．July【答案】B41．The baby elephant’s ________ is about 100 kilos, but an adult elephant may ________ about 5,000 kilos.A．weight; weigh B．weight; weight C．weigh; weigh D．weigh; weight 【答案】A42．The police _______ looking for the little boy.A．be B．am C．is D．are【答案】D43．—Did you have a great time on the farm yesterday?—Yes, we saw many beautiful flowers and lots of ________ and ________. A．pigs; chicken B．sheep; chickens C．fishes; chicken D．duck; chickens 【答案】B44．—What’s th e matter?—I have a ________. I have to go to the doctor.A．trouble B．knee C．cold D．kilo【答案】C45．—What language are spoken in ________?—Most people speak ________, but many ________ can speak English. A．Germany; German; Germans B．German; Germany; Germen C．German; Germans; Germany【答案】A46．I’m Ken Smith. This is my son, ________.A．Mark Smith B．Ken Wilson C．Mary Smith【答案】A47．________ is used to make ________.A．Glasses; glass B．Glass; glass C．Glasses; glasses D．Glass; glasses 【答案】D48．There is a picture ________ my family on the wall.A．of B．up C．after D．to【答案】A49．________ mothers can’t come to the meeting because they have gone to Dalian. A．Sally’s and Jane B．Sally and Jane’s C．Sally’s and Jane’s D．Sally and Jane 【答案】C50．This is room. It’s very tidy.A．Lily and Lucy B．Lily’s and LucyC．Lily’s and Lucy’s D．Lily and Lucy’s【答案】D。
中考英语语法专题复习：名词(共19张PPT)
15 —Who did you spend last weekend with? —________. A. Palmer’s B. The Palmers’ C. The Palmers D. The Palmer’s
中考英语语法： 名词备考知识点
考点分析
1、名词辨析：
名词辨析的考查角度以语境类辨析和近义词 辨析为主,少量涉及词性辨析、常识辨析及固 定搭配。
2、名词单复数：
名词单复数考查数量较少,包括规则变形和不 规则变形两种。
3、名词所有格：
名词所有格考查数量较少,包括两者共有的所 有格,时间名词所有格,数量词所有格的用法。
C. A large number of D. Quite a few
7. –– Let’s try operating the machine right now.
––Wait. Better read the _____first.
A. instructions B. explanations
有一些事不规则变化,需改变单数名词中的元音 字母如：man-men woman-women foot-feet tooth-teeth
还有单复数形式相同的情况，读音不变,如： fish-fish sheep-sheep deer-deer ChineseChinese Japanese-Japanese
2.近义词辨析
对近义名词有考查,如message口 信,information信息。
message为可数名词,指口信,常用词组： leave或take a message; information指消息、 信息、资料。
常见近义词组(学生可以根据以下词条进行归 纳记忆)。 1. advice与suggestion 2. problem与question 3. house, home, family与room 4. idea, thought与opinion 5. job与work 6. voice, noise与sound 7. message, news与information
(完整版)英语语法名词题库及参考答案
（一）名词1．To the sea captain’s surprise，he found that travel could also be quite pieasant．A．earth B．1and C．ground D．plain2．Some famous singers live on the from their record sales．A．salary B．value C．bill D．income3．Many countries are increasing their use of nature gas，wind and other forms of ．A．energy B．source C．power D．material4．You can take as many as you like because they are free of ．A．fare B．charge C．money D．pay5．George always wants things done quickly．He’s got to .A．idea B．means C．patience D．decision6．Do you know the of the saying I just quoted?A．source B．resource C．course D．cause7．—Why did you refuse to move in the house?—Because it was really in a poor and dirty ．A．form B．kind C．shape D．state8．His name was on the of my tongue，but I just couldn’t remember it．A．end B．edge C．tip D．side9．You shouldn’t let children play with．It’s dangerous!A．football B．watches C．matches D．chess10．We’ll have PE this afternoon but I forgot to bring my .A．sports clothes B．sport clothes C．clothes of sports D．sport’s clothes 11．Dark clouds are a of rain while a smile is a of friendshipA．gesture；sign B.mark；sign C.sign；gesture D.sign；mark 12．—Is the house very expensive，Dick?—I don’t think it’s worth the they are asking．A．price B．cost C．value D．money 13．These days I hire two in my house．A．man servants B．men servant C．man servant D．men servants 14．The editor to1d the newsman to write report．A．a two-thousand-words B．a two-thousands-wordsC．a two thousand Word D．a two-thousand-word15．The brook lies within of the train station．A．ten-minute-ride B．ten minutes rideC．ten minute’s ride D．ten minutes’ride16．Though I spoke to him many times，he never took any of what I said．A．remark B．observation C．attention D．notice17．came that his should be kept secret．A．A word；words B．The word；word C．Word：words D．Words；Word 18．We’ve missed the last bus．I’m aftaid we have no but to take a taxi．A．way B．choice C．possibility D．selection 19．—How was your recent Visit to Qingdao?—It was great．We visited some friends，and spent the days at the seaside．A．few 1ast sunny B．1ast few sunny C．few sunny list D．1ast sunny few 20．We climbed higher up the mountain so that We could get a better ．A．view B．idea C．point D．opinion21．We have worked out a plan．But I’m not sure whether it will do in ．A．fact B．practice C．deed D．time22．—I’ve got an“A”in the examination．——T11at’s a good .You’ll surely win a sec-ond．A．result B．start C．news D．idea23．The makes me feel sick．A．sign B．sight C．scene D．look24．— What a pleasant these trees give us!——Why not stop here and have a rest in it?A．shade B．shadow C．peace D．scene25．They can never make good nurses，not having the necessary .A．practice B．education C．exercise D．training26．Mr Tong couldn’t keep pace with the others as theymarched along．He often stood out of ．A．order B．sight C．mind D．line27．I’m afraid that there is no for you in my car,because there are already five people．A．place B．room C．need D．position28．it is to go swimming on sueh a hot day!A．What fun B．How fun C．What a fun D．How a fun 29．—Heavy trucks which run day and night are doing damage to our houses and shops of historicalA．scene B．period C．interest D．sense30．The dress is nic e but she doesn’t like the on the material．A．sharp B．size C．model D．pattern31．It is foolish to go to the of taking music lessons if you never practice．A．expense B．sense C．pay D．money32．For twenty years Gandhi p1ayed an important in working for equal rights fbr Indians．A．action B．ro1e C．figure D．position33．Last night the president made a speech on TV to the .A.countryB.stateC.1andD.nation34．The old house belongs to ．A．Jac k’s and his brother B．Jack’s and his brother’sC．Jack and his brot her’s D．Jack and his brother35．will make a trip to China during the summer holidays．A．The Evens B．The Even’s C．The Evenses D．The Evenses' 36．I’d lik e you to meet David’a cowboy．A．dark，handsome and tall B．tall，handsome and darkC．dark，tall and handsome D．tall，dark and handsome37.The young student is as a writer．It’s to all his teachers．A．success；surprise B．a success；sorpriseC．success；a surprise D．a success；a surprise38.My mother’s is getting grey，but my father has only a few grey ．A．hairs；hair B．hair：hair C．hair；hairs D．hair：hairs39. unicle is going to pick them up at the airport this afternoon．A．Jac k’s and Joan’s B．Jack’s and JoanC．Jack and Joan’s D．Jack and Joan40.Many old houses are being pulled down to make for the apartment buildings．A．room B．ground C．space D．area41.Enough of it! Nobody here thinks what you are say ing hould make any ．A．excuse B．sense C．use D．value(一)名词1-5 BDABC 6-10 ADCCA 11-15 CADDD 16-20 DCBBA 21-25 BABAD 26-30 DBAC 31-35 ABDDC 36-40 DDCCA 41 B1. The manager has got a good business________so the company is doing well.A.ideaB.senseC.thoughtD.thinking2. The collapse of the World Trade Centre has put US economy in a difficult________.A.occasionB.caseC.situationD.background3. More and more people choose to shop in a supermarket as it offers a great ________ of goods.A.varietyB.mixtureC.extensionbination4.It won’t make much ________ whether you agree or not.A.difficultyB.troubleC.differenceD.matter5.If by chance someone comes to see me, ask him to leave a ________.A.messageB.letterC.sentenceD.notice6.No one has yet succeeded in explaining the ________ of how life began.A.causeB.problemC.reasonD.puzzle 金太阳新课标资源网7.You must get there within an hour.There should be no ________ in sending this information to him.A.questionB.problemC.quarrelD.delay8.I can’t give you the card without Smith’s ________.A.agreementB.allowingC.permissionD.perfomance9.What impressed me most was that they never lost ________.A.heartsB.heartC.their heartD.their hearts10.—Where is the new dictionary?—It’s on the top shelf,out of ________.A.reachB.sightC.touchD.order11.Though I spoke to him many times, he never took any ________ of what I said.A.remarkB.observationC.attentionD.notice12.—Where’s your sister?—At ________. 金太阳新课标资源网A.the Smith’sB.doctor’sC.Mr.Green’sD.house of Mr.Green13.Have a ________ of these apples.They are sweet and delicious.A.lookB.tasteC.smellD.appear14.Each man explained the pains that he had felt and they agreed that they had grown worse on their ________A.roadB.streetC.wayD.direction15.Many countries are increasing their use of natural gas, wind and other forms of ________.A.energyB.sourceC.powerD.material16.I went to buy a ________ of China Daily.A.pieceB.sheetC.lotD.copy17.Shelly had prepared carefully for her English examination so that she could be sure of passing it on her first ________.A.intentionB.purposeC.attemptD.desire18.This is not a match.We’re playing chess just for ________.A.habitB.hobbyC.funD.game 金太阳新课标资源网19.There are usually at least two ________ of looking at every question.A.meansB.directionsC.viewsD.ways20.We have worked out the plan and now we must put it into ________.A.factB.realityC.practiceD.deed21.She is young for the job, but on the other ________,she is well trained.A.wayB.situationC.chanceD.hand22.We’ve missed the last bus.I’m afraid we have no ________ but to take a taxi.A.selectionB.choiceC.possibilityD.way23.The football players had no strict ________ until they joined our club.A.practicecationC.exerciseD.training24.I’ll look into the matter as soon as possible.Just have a little ________.A.waitB.timeC.patienceD.rest25.The most important________ of his speech was that we should all work whole-heartedly for the people.A.pointB.senseC.spotD.view 金太阳新课标资源网26.—I’d like ________ information about the management of your hotel, please.—Well, you could have ________ word with the manager.He might be helpful.A.some;aB.an;someC.some;someD.an;a27.He told me he had been offered a very well-paid ________.A.businessB.serviceC.workD.position28.Each player must obey ________, who is the leader of the team.A.captainB.a captainC.the captainD.captains29.It was ________ that he had to ask for help.A.such big a workB.a so big jobC.a so big workD.such a big job30.He dropped the ________ and broke it.A.cup of coffeeB.coffee’s cupC.cup for coffeeD.coffee cup31.He gained his ________by printing ________ of famous writers.A.wealth;workB.wealths;worksC.wealths;workD.wealth;works32.The policeman is offering a ________ to anyone who can give information about the lost children.A.prizeB.rewardC.priceD.money33.What ________! Where did you get them?A.big fishB.a big fishC.a piece of big fishD.big a fish34.Here’s my card.Let’s keep in ________.A.touchB.relationC.connectionD.friendship35.He left ________ with my secretary that he would call again in the afternoon.He said he would keep ________.A.words;his wordsB.word;his wordC.word;wordD.the word;his words36.You’ll find this map of great ________ in help ing you to get round London.A.priceB.costC.valueefulness 金太阳新课标资源网37.Father went to his doctor for ________ about his ________ trouble.A.advice;heartB.advices;heartsC.advices;heartD.advice;hearts38.We held a party in ________ of our Australian teacher, Meggi.A.prizeB.honorC.praiseD.pride39.—How can I use this washing machine?—Well, just refer to the ________.A.directionsB.explanationsC.expressionsD.introductions40.When I give up work I shall take a long sea ________.A. tripB. voyageC. travelD. journey41.The new law will come into ________ on the day it is passed.A.effecteC.serviceD.existence42.Although I like the appearance of the house, what really made me decide to buy it was the beautiful ________ through the window.A.sceneB.lookC.viewD.picture43.Everybody thinks little of the film.In fact, there is no ________ of it being tried out in the film festival. 金太阳新课标资源网A.possibilityB.signeD.doubt44.—Tom,will you boys play soldiers outside?There’s not enough ________ for you boys here.—But we can play in the next ________,can’t we?A.places;placeB.room;roomC.rooms;spaceD.house;rooms45.The doctor didn’t tell me h ow many ________ I should pay for having my tooth pulled out.A.moneyB.dollarsC.priceD.cost46.—Is this bridge made of ________?—Yes, it is made of 2300 huge ________.A.stone;stoneB.stones;stonesC.stone;stonesD.stones;stone47.He stays at home every day without a job, but he gets good ________.A.salaryB.wageC.payD.income48.—Mum, I’m going to visit my aunt.What about a week?—A week is too long.Try to be back in a ________ of days.A.numberB.dozenC.fewD.couple49.As a writer,he succeeded in calling________to many of the terrible wrongs that existed at that time.A.attentionB.interestC.noticeD.strength50.If you don’t take away all your things from the desk,there won’t be enough ________ fo r my dictionary. 金太阳新课标资源网A.areaB.placeC.spaceD.surface51.Mrs.Green tried hard to find a job but she had no ________.A.luckB.timeC.hopeD.chance52.His daughter is always shy in ________ and she never dares to make a speech to ________.A.the public;the publicB.public;the publicC.the public;publicD.public;public53.I should like to try that coat on，for I don’t know if it is my ________.A.shapeB.modelC.designD.size54.The need for an operation，especially an immediate operation，almost always comes as a ________ to the patient and his family.A.surpriseB.happinessC.disappointmentD.shock55.Fast-food restaurants are ________ to us all.A.of many helpsB.a great helpC.great helpsD.much help56.It is true that parents often find it difficult to win their children’s ________.A.honourB.trustC.respectD.money57.These young people are now making an active ________ to beautify (美化) our city.A.partB.effortC.decisionD.plan58.This plan has its weak point,that is to say,it has its ________,but on the whole we are satisfied with it.A.questionB.shortcomingC.conditionD.progress59.—What you like may not be what I like.—Yes，one man’s meal is another man’s ________.A.poisonB.medicineC.mealD.food60.He said that two ________ would come to our school the next day.A.woman scientistB.women scientistC.woman scientistsD.women scientists【答案】1~5 BCACA6~10 ADCBA 金太阳新课标资源网11~15 DCBCA 16~20 DCCDC21~25 DBDCA 26~30 ADCDD31~35 DBAAB 36~40 CABAC41~45 ACABB 46~50 CDDAC51~55 ABDDB 56~60 CBBAD【部分解析】1.a good business sense 是“(有)经济头脑”的意思。
高考英语语法专题专题名词
1．2017·全国卷Ⅱ;69This development was only possible with the ________ introduce of electric-powered engines and lifts.答案：introduction 由空格前的定冠词the可知其后应接名词作介词with的宾语..2．2017·全国卷Ⅲ;66She is determined to carry on with her ________ educate.答案：education 形容词性物主代词通常在名词前作定语..由此可知her后面的空格处应为名词education..3．2017·浙江高考;56 Lena Pahlsson pulled out a handful of small ________ carrot and was about to throw them away.答案：carrots 由空格前面的修饰语a handful of “一把……；少量的”可知后面的名词carrot应用复数形式carrots..4．2016·全国卷Ⅱ;46Recent ________study show that we are far more productive at work if we take short breaks regularly.答案：studies 根据句子谓语动词show可知;主语应该是名词的复数形式..5．2016·全国卷Ⅰ;61Chengdu has dozens of new millionaires; Asia's biggest building; and fancy new hotels. But for tourists like me; pandas are its top ________ attract.答案：attraction 根据空格前的形容词top可知应用名词;形容词常用作定语来修饰名词..6．2016·全国卷Ⅱ;42Handle the most important tasks first so you'll feel a real sense of ________ achieve.答案：achievement 介词of后要用名词作宾语..a sense ofachievement “成就感”..7．2016·全国卷Ⅰ;69The nursery team switches him every few ________ day with his sister.答案：days few修饰可数名词复数;故答案为days..every few days “每隔几天”..8．2016·江苏高考;阅读CThe weather ________effect; both good and bad; are felt in many places.答案：effects 句子的谓语为are felt;由此可知句子的主语也应该是复数形式effects..9．2016·北京高考;阅读DThe college years are supposed to be a time for important ________grow in autonomy 自主性and the development of adult identity.答案：growth 形容词important用来修饰名词；根据句子结构 ... and the development ... 可知此处应填名词growth和后面的development构成并列..10．2015·浙江高考;15One of the most effective ways to reduce ________ stressful is to talk about feelings with someone you trust.答案：stress 动词reduce后需用名词作宾语;stress “压力;紧张”;是不可数名词..句意：减压的最有效方法之一是和你信任的人谈论感受..一、可数名词的数可数名词都有单数和复数之分..一名词复数的规则变化二名词复数的不规则变化二、不可数名词不可数名词包括专有名词、物质名词和抽象名词;一般没有单复数之分..1．常考的不可数名词2．抽象名词具体化抽象名词在表示具体的概念时;可以与不定冠词连用;常见的和常考的有：3．物质名词的复数现象1有些物质名词用复数形式表示与原来不同的事物..paper纸—papers证件;论文custom风俗习惯—customs海关arm胳膊—arms武器;装备air空气—airs摆架子;装腔作势2有一些物质名词用复数形式;表示由大量该物质组成的事物..sand沙子—sands沙滩;沙漠water水—waters水域;水体time时间—times时代wood木头;木材—woods树林3有些物质名词用复数形式表示不同的种类;如food; wine;metal; fish; vegetable等..The wines of France are among the best in the world.三、名词的所有格1．有生命的名词;其所有格一般在名词后加-'s..his father's boss 他爸爸的老板2．表示时间、城市、地域、团体、机构等非生命的事物后也可加-'s 表示其所有格..today's paper 今天的报纸England's shore 英国的海岸the car's design 这辆车的设计We accepted the invitation without a moment's hesitation.3．在某些习惯用语中;也需要加-'s所有格..for friendship's sake 为了友情at a stone's throw 一箭之远at one's finger's tip 手头上有at arm's length 保持距离；在伸手可及处at one's wits' end 黔驴技穷4．无生命的名词;借用of表示所属关系..the window of the room 这个房间的窗户5．如果一样东西为两个人共有;则只在后一个名词后加-'s;如果不是共有的则两个名词后都要加-'s..Jane and Mary's mother 简和玛丽的妈妈共有;暗示简和玛丽是姐妹关系Jane's and Mary's mothers 简的妈妈和玛丽的妈妈不是共有;分别指两位妈妈6．双重所有格：“a/two/some ...＋名词＋of＋名词's/名词性物主代词”构成双重所有格;“of＋名词所有格”中的名词必须表示人;不能表示事物..a friend of her mother's 她妈妈的一个朋友two photos of hers 她的两张照片Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．Although these _______ measure are not effective forever; they are vital for now.答案：measures 根据前面的指示代词these和谓语动词are可以判断;主语应用复数形式measures..2．Visiting an apple event is a good chance to see; and often taste a wide variety of ________ apple.答案：apples a wide variety of “各种各样的”;修饰复数名词..句意：在苹果节人们可以看到;并常常能尝到各种各样的苹果..3．The __________ life of these people have finally been recorded thanks to the effects of a Frenchman from Paris called Gin.答案：lives 句子的谓语动词have finally been recorded是复数形式;由此可以判断出此处需要用名词复数形式作句子的主语..4．It's still a useful and pleasant form of ________communicate.答案：communication 介词of之后要用名词; a form ofcommunication “一种沟通方式”..5. I had no ________ choose but to prepare for it; though.答案：choice 形容词no后面应跟名词..have no choice but to do sth. “除了……别无选择”;固定搭配..6．Some schools will have to make ________adjust in agreement with the national soccer reform.答案：adjustments 句意：为了与国家的足球改革相适应;一些学校将做出调整..make adjustments是固定表达;意为“做出调整”..7．There is no need to tell me your answer now. Give it some ________ think and then let me know.答案：thought 句意：现在没必要告诉我你的答案..认真考虑;然后告诉我..some后应跟名词;t hought “思索;考虑”..8．Only a few dollars can help to fill a ________ child hungry stomach.答案：child's 此处表示“仅仅几美元就能帮助一个孩子不挨饿”;空后是名词stomach;提示词是child;空前是不定冠词a;故用child的所有格形式..9．When he was running after his brother; the boy lost his ________ balanced and had a bad fall.答案：balance 句意：小男孩在追赶哥哥时失去了平衡;重重地摔了一跤..根据空格前的动词lost和物主代词his可知需用名词作宾语..lose one's balance “失去平衡”..10．—Why not buy a second-hand car first if you don't have enough money for a new one—That's a good ________ suggest.答案：suggestion 句意：——如果你的钱不够买一辆新车;为什么不先买一辆二手车呢——这是个好建议..由常识可知形容词修饰名词;故good后应用suggest的名词形式suggestion..Ⅱ.单句改错1．“Reading for pleasure” plays a more important role in one's grow than one's family background._____________________________________________________答案：grow→growth考查词性转换..由后文的one's family background可知前面的one's后应是名词growth..2. As a witness; he gave the police a vivid descriptions of the accident._____________________________________________________答案：descriptions→description考查名词..description “描述;描写”;give sb. a description为固定短语;意为“向某人作描述”..3．You can't legally take possessions of the property until three weeks after the contract is signed._____________________________________________________答案：possessions→possession考查固定短语..take possession of “拥有;占有”;固定搭配..4. The students with hobbies left school with many extra skill.____________________________________________________答案：skill→skills考查名词的数..由many修饰可数名词复数可知应用skills..5．Several friends of me together with me will visit our headmaster.____________________________________________________答案：第一个me→mine考查双重所有格..此处表示“我的几个朋友”;应用“n.＋of＋名词性物主代词”结构..Ⅲ.语法填空I've dreamed of becoming a writer since I was a teenager. But it isn't easy to get a book of __1__ I published. Although I've tried hard; none of my __2__ book have been published. This is really __3__ upset．This morning; I received a call from a publisher and __4__tell once again that there was no way my book would be published. __5__ feel sad; I left home and went to the park near my apartment. At the park; I sat down on the bench near the grass.While I was sitting there; I saw a little boy about one and a half years old. He was running on the grass; __6__ his mother not far behind him. He looked so happy when he enjoyed the__7__ free of running on the grass. He then fell on the grass; but he quickly got up and continued to run as fast __8__he could again even without looking back at his mother. He was still running with a smile on his face; as if nothing__9__ happen．Seeing that; I was __10__true inspired. I suddenly realized that Ishouldn't get discouraged after experiencing failure. Instead;I should cheer up and keep on trying.1．________ 2.________ 3.________ 4.________5．________ 6.________ 7.________ 8.________9．________ 10.________篇章导读：本文是一篇记叙文..文章主要讲述了作者在公园里看到一个一岁半左右的男孩在草地上摔倒后并没有向妈妈求助而是自己迅速爬起来继续奔跑这一情景;从而受到启发：人生遇到挫折不能气馁;而是要振作起来;继续努力奋斗..1．mine 考查双重所有格..由设空前的“a book of”可知;应填名词性物主代词;且此处表示“我的一本书”;故填mine..2．books 考查名词的数..根据主谓一致原则;none of后可接不可数名词;也可接可数名词复数形式;book为可数名词;故应填books..3．upsetting 考查词性转换..副词really修饰形容词;this指的是上句中所述没有一本书被发表这件事;由此可知此处应用形容词upsetting作表语..4．was told 考查动词的语态和时态..句意：我被再一次告知我的书不可能出版..句子的主语I与谓语是被动关系;因此需用被动语态;且由“this morning”可知;应用一般过去时的被动语态..5．Feeling 考查非谓语动词..feel sad的逻辑主语是句子的主语I;是主动关系;因此需用现在分词的一般式作状语;表示原因..Feeling sad相当于As I felt sad..6．with 考查介词..with的复合结构作伴随状语..7．freedom 考查词性转换..根据空格前的定冠词the以及空格后的介词短语of running on the grass可知应用名词;即在草地上奔跑的自由..8．as 考查连词..as fast as he could “尽可能快地”;as ... as 为固定结构..9．had happened 考查动词的时态..句意：摔倒之后他飞快地爬起来;依然面带笑容地奔跑着;好像什么事也没有发生似的..根据语境可知;as if引导的方式状语从句所表示的内容是对过去的情况的假设;因此需用虚拟语气..10．truly 考查词性转换..句意：看到此情此景;我真的受到启发..副词作状语修饰谓语动词was inspired..Ⅳ.短文改错Dear Peter;I'm glad to give you some advices on how to learn Chinese well. Here is a few suggestions.First; it is important to take a Chinese course; so in this wayyou can learn from teachers and practice with your fellow students. Then; it also helped to watch TV and read books; newspapers and magazines in Chinese whenever it possible. Besides; it is good ideato learn and sing Chinese songs; because by doing so you'll learnand rememberChinese words more easier. You can also make more Chinese friends; from which you will learn a lot about China. They can helpyou learning Chinese; too. We hope that my suggestions will beof help to you.Best wishes.Yours;Li Hua 答案：Dear Peter;I'm glad to give you some 错误! on how to learn Chinese well. Here 错误! a few suggestions.First; it is important to take a Chinese course; 错误! in this way you can learn from teachers and practice with your fellow students. Then; it also 错误! to watch TV and read books; newspapers and magazines in Chinese whenever 错误! it 错误! possible. Besides; it is 错误! good idea to learn and sing Chinese songs; because by doing so you'll learn and remember Chinese words more 错误!. You can also make more Chinese friends; from 错误!you will learn a lot about China. They can help you 错误! Chinese; too. 错误! hope that my suggestions will be of help to you.Best wishes.Yours;LiHua1.advices→advice考查不可数名词..advice是不可数名词;没有复数形式..2.is→are考查主谓一致..主语suggestions是复数形式;谓语动词也应该用复数..3.so→because考查连词..后一分句表示的“能够向老师学习和同学之间练习汉语”是原因;而非结果..4.helped→helps考查动词的时态..本句进一步描述报读一门汉语课程的好处;应用一般现在时..5.去掉whenever后的it或在it后加is 考查省略..whenever it is possible的省略形式为whenever possible..6.good idea前加a 考查名词的数..idea是可数名词..7.easier→easily考查副词..修饰谓语动词learn and remember应用副词..8.which→whom考查关系代词..定语从句的先行词Chinese friends 是指人的名词短语;且关系词在从句中作宾语;故关系代词应用whom..9.learning→learn考查非谓语动词..help sb. do sth.“帮助某人做某事”..10.We→I考查人称代词..根据短文开头I'm glad to give you some ... 可知;应将We改为I..。
英语语法之名词
一、名词的分类1、专有名词：指某人;某地;某机构等专有的名称;其首字母要大写..如HongKong; China;Bill Clinton;Red Cross2、普通名词：可数名词：个体名词：表示某类人或东西中的个体;如 student;book 集体名词：表示若干个体组成的集合体;如：family;school; group; people不可数名词：物质名词：表示无法分为个体的实物;如：cotton;air;tea抽象名词：表示抽象概念;如 :work;happiness;news二、名词的复数可数名词有单、复数形式;其复数的构成规则如下：1、绝大多数在词尾加s..如：book;books;bag;bags;cup;cups;face;faces.2、以ch;sh;s;x;o结尾的名词加es..如：watch;watches;brush;brushes;hero;heroes;class;classes;下列以o结尾的词加s构成复数：piano ; photo ;radio ;zoo; bamboo ;kilo3、以辅音字母＋y结尾的名词;将y改为i;再加es..例如：baby;babies;family;families;以元音字母＋y结尾的名词;直接加s..例如：boy;boys;key;keys4、以f或fe结尾的名词;先将f或fe改为v;再加es构成复数形式;如：leaf;leaves; wife;wives.但有些以f结尾的名词;是在f后加s构成复数;常见的有：roof;chief;belief;gulf等..个别的两种方式都可以;如handkerchief’s;handkerchieves5、少数名词的复数形式是不规则的;要一一背记：man→men; woman→women; Englishman→Englishmen;foot→feet;tooth→teeth; child→children; mouse→mice少数名词的单、复数形式相同;如：Chinese;Japanese;sheep;deer; fish; means 注:fishes表不同种类的鱼6、复合名词：A.含man或woman的复合名词;两部分都变为复数形式..如：two men teachers; four women doctorsB.将复合名词中的主体名词变为复数形式;如：lookers-on旁观者;editors-in-chief总编辑; passers-by过路人C.如果没有主体名词;就在词尾后加s..如：grown-ups 成年人;go-betweens 中间人7、以复数形式出现的名词：trousers;glasses眼镜;scales天平;savings储蓄;findings 调查结果; doings行为;surroundings环境;arms武器;fireworks 烟火;remains残余;thanks感谢;riches财富;ashes灰烬 ;stairs 楼梯8、有些名词在一定的词组中要用复数形式..例如：take pains下功夫;made preparations作准备;give regards to 问候三、名词的所有格1、名词的所有格一般用于有生命的名词..其构成多在词尾加上“’s”;如：Tom’s bike;Marx’s works以s结尾的专有名词;在词尾后加“’”或“’s”..如：Engels’/Engels’s works以s结尾的复数名词;只在词尾加“’”..如：students’ homework;a workers’ night school 一所工人夜校;不以s结尾的复数名词;仍在词尾加“’s”..如：men’s clothes男士衣服 children’s books 儿童读物2、如果一个事物为两个人共有;只在后一个名词的词尾加“’s”;如果不是共有;就要在两个名词的词尾分别加上“’s”..例如：Tom and Mike’s room汤姆和迈克合住的房间 Tom’s and Mike’s rooms汤姆、迈克各自的房间3、表示店铺或某人的家时;常在名词所有格后省去shop;house等名词..如：the tailor’s 裁缝店;the barber’s理发店;go to the doctor’s上诊所;at my uncle’s在我叔叔家4、表示时间、距离、国家、城市等无生命的名词;可以在词尾加“’s”或“’”来表示所有格..如：today’s newspaper;half an hour’s rest;twoweeks’ work;ten minutes′walk;China’s population;Shanghai’s industry5、表示无生命的名词一般用of短语表示所有关系..如：the students of their school; the teachers of Grade 26、表示所属物的名词前如果有不定冠词、数词、不定代词;常用“of＋所有格”来表示所属关系..例如：He is an old friend of my father’s. This is a picture of Mary’s.△考点分析1．He gained his _______by printing _______of famous writersA.wealth; workB.wealths; worksC.weaths;workD.wealth ;works析：此题答案D..因为wealth 是不可数名词故可排除B、C两个选项;work既可作不可数名词表“工作”意;又可作可数名词表“作品”意;常用复数形式..根据题目意思;此处work应作可数名词用;于是又可排除A..2.Many people agree that_______ knowledge of English is a mustin ______ international trade today.A.a; ×B.the ; anC.the ;theD.×;the析：knowledge 是抽象名词;一般不与不定冠词连用;但指具体“一门学问”或“一门学问的掌握了解”可与不定冠词连用;这可称之为抽象名词具体化..类例如：a strong character 坚强的性格；a bright future光明前途；a waste of time 浪费时间；a pressure on sb.对某人的压力；have a good time玩得痛快；He is a failure /a success as a leader 他当领导不行/很出色..抽象名词不与冠词连用是泛指一般概念、意义..如：what fun fine weather ;common knowledge 常识；Knowledge begins with practice.foreign trade.因此international trade前不用冠词..由以上两点可确定答案为A..3.Oh; John _____you gave usA.How a great surpriseB.How pleasant surpriseC.What a pleasant surpriseD.What pleasant surprise析：正确答案为C..“a/an＋形容词＋抽象名词”是抽象名词具体化的常见形式..又如：an advanced culture 一种先进文化；a great interest 极大的兴趣；do him a good kindness帮了他一个大忙..4. She broke a _______ while she was washing up .A.glass wineB.wine glassC.wine’s glassD.glass of wine析：根据broke一词及四个选项;可确定空白处应选“酒杯”故可排除A、D；C不是表达“酒杯”的正确形式;只有B才是正确答案..英语中用名词作定语修饰名词的情况很多;这些作定语用的名词可表①分类意义②表时间、地点、称呼③表目的、手段、原料、来源、所属等意义..①例：woman driver ;telephone number ;school education ;research work ;coffee cup ;English teacher ;air pollution②例：book store ;winter sleep ;country life ;college student ;South China③例：milk bottle ;steam boat ;goat skin ;stone wall ;gas station ;lunch room ;tooth brush5.________terrible weather we’ve been having these daysA.WhatB.What aC.HowD.How a析：这是一个感叹句;how修饰形容词;副词或动词;what修饰名词..weather是不可数名词;其前不可加不定冠词a..因此这题正确答案是A..6.Shortly after the accident ;two _______police were sent to the spot to keep order .A.dozens ofB.dozen sC.dozens’ ofD.dozen析：正确答案是 D..dozen; score ;hundred; thousand ;million 等名词前面有数词或many ;several等词;且表示具体数目时;这些名词一般不用复数形式;但在下列短语中却加S;并与of连用:dozens of 许多的;scores of 好几十的;hundreds of 成百的;thousands of 上千的;millions of 数百万的7.I’ll look into the matter a s soon as possible .Just have a little ______.A.waitB.timeC.patienceD.rest析：由题干第一句意“我会尽快调查那件事”;可知下句是要对方不要着急;故答案应为C..这是由情景;语境确定答案题目..8.If by any chance someone comes to see me ;ask them to leavea _________.A.messageB.letterC.sentenceD.notice析：答案为A..道理同第7题..。
(完整版)英语语法--名词练习题
（完整版）英语语法--名词练习题英语语法---名词（一）可数名词和不可数名词1. 什么是不可数名词？1）物质名词glass, tea 2）抽象名词beauty, youth 3) 科学名称physics, maths 练习: 找出不可数名词boot tear knowledge money wood chicken music homework bread blood dress news milk dustman2. 不可数名词变成可数名词1）词义发生改变time—times work---works wood—woodssand—sands cloth—clothes glass—glasses2) 加量词 a glass of water , two pieces of paper练习；填入恰当的量词a ________________ of good news (条) a ________________ of trousers (条)a ________________ of advice ( 条) a ________________ of coffee (杯)a ________________ of oil (滴) a ________________ of time (段)a ________________ of matches (盒) a ________________ of glasses (副)a ________________ of chocolate (条) a ________________ of ink (瓶)a ________________ of tea (壶) two ______________ of fish (盘)three ______________ of rice (袋) four ______________ of furniture (件)five _______________ of sugar (磅) six ________________ of clothes (套)3. 可数名词的复数构成练习: 写出下列名词的复数形式。
英语语法 名词(理论+对应试题)
专题1名词概念：表示人、事物、地点或抽象概念名称的词叫作名词。
【注1】以f或fe结尾变f或fe为v+es的常见词，可借助以下口诀记忆：“树叶半数自己黄，妻子拿刀去杀狼，小偷逃命藏架旁”考点3.不规则的名词复数形式1.元音或词尾发生变化：child-children,man-men,woman-women,foot-feet,goose-geesetooth-teeth,mouse-mice,policeman-policemen,Frenchman-Frenchmen,Englishman-Englishmen2.单复数同形：deer,sheep,Chinese，fish鱼（指条数），means（手段），Japanese,yuan等。
3.形式为单数，意思为复数：（作主语时，谓语动词用复数）people,police4.形式为复数，意思为单数：maths,physics,politics,news5.有些集体名词通常只以复数形式出现：（作主语时，谓语动词用复数）trousers, shoes, glasses, scissors(剪刀），sunglasses, compasses(圆规），pants(短裤），clothes(衣服），headphones(耳机），jeans(牛仔裤）【注1】这些通常只以复数形式出现的名词在句子中可以单独作主语，谓语动词用复数形式；也可用a pair of/some pairs of 修饰作主语，这时谓语动词的形式取决于pair的单复数形式。
如：The pants are my brother's. 这短裤是我弟弟的。
The pair of pants is my brother's. 这短裤是我弟弟的。
These pairs of pants are my brother's.这些短裤是我弟弟的。
【注2】在英语中只能修饰可数名词的词或短语主要有：few 少几个、几乎没有a few有几个several 有几个many很多a great/good many 很多a number of 许多a large/great number of大量的（large/great）numbers of 大量的【注3】:单数可数名词前一定要用冠词。
语法专题之名词(含练习和答案)
apple
9
German
Chinese
child
sheep
C.复合名词的复数变化规则:man和woman都要变, girl和boy却不变
1
men doctors
boy students
1. Theyare________.
A.mandoctorB.mendoctorsC.mendoctorD.mandoctors
A. areB. isC. amD. do
2. Howmany_____ dotheyhave?
A. pictureB. picturesC. apicture
3. We are_____, but they are________.
A. Germans; Japanese B. Germen; Japanese C. Germans; JapanesesD. Germen; Japanese
E.常见复数标志
all/both
many/ some
a few/few
these/those
are/were
基数词two...
several几个
other
different
在一般现在时的条件下,遇到复数名词,或代词,动词用原形: we all come from China.
1.Thosewhitesocks____ small.
(其他后面加s)a German---five Germans
B.规则变化
情况
构成
例词
一般的词
＋s
day-daysdesk-desks
以s, sh, ch, x结尾
＋es
match-matchesboss-bosses
中考英语语法专题复习名词与代词讲义
名词1、 名词的分类专有名词单数名词表泛指，在前面加a /an.可数名词：有单数和复数之分普通名词 复数形式通常加 -s/-es 不可数名词：没有复数形式 物质名词、抽象名词、专有名词 用some/any/a little/a lot of 修饰2) 不规则变化①有些名词以-s结尾，但表达单数意义。
科学名词：physics, mathematics/maths 游戏名称：bowls专有名词：the United States, Niagara Falls 其他名词：news, falls②名词做定语，不用复数形式.e.g. a shoe shop, an apple tree*例外：man, woman作定语时，如果后面的名词是复数，则man, woman也要变。
e.g. a woman teacher → three women teachersa man doctor → many men doctors③people, police做“人们”讲时，看作复数，不能在后面加”-s”，谓语动词用复数形式。
family, class是集体名词，既指单数，又指复数，谓语动词可用单数亦可用复数，具体根据语境而定。
④其前不用冠词a/an或数词，但可用much, a little, a lot of/lots of, some,—Look at the clouds, so beautiful!—Wow, so many different _______, horses, sheep, flowers…A. sizesB. shapesC. colorsD. stylesThere are some _______ in Dayton Art Museum. For example, n o food or drink is allowed inside.A. jobsB. recordsC. rul esD. paintings—Yesterday, my father bought me a new mobile phones as a pr esent, but I don’t know how to use it.—Why not read the _______ first before using it?A. expressionsB. applicationsC. adve rtisementsD. instructionsThese _________ have saved many children’s lives.A. woman doctorsB. women doctorC. women doctorsD. woman doctor---What would you like to drink, _______or orange? ---Orange, please.A. hamburgerB. chipC. tea3、不可数名词的数1) 可以修饰不可数名词的词或短语：a lot of , lots of, some, a little, little2) 数词+ 量词 + of + 不可数名词e.g. a glass of water → two glasses of watera cup of tea → three cups of tea3) 常用的不可数名词food, meat, fish, chicken, pork, beef, mutton, orange, milk, tea, coke, water, rice, bread, homework, news, paper, ice, rain, snow, wind, cloud, air, weather, maths, Chinese, English, music, information, fun, work 等.4) 有些不可数名词以复数形式出现时，意思有变化.5) 有些名词，既可以作可数名词，又能做不可数名词，但含义不同Exercises:—Mum, I’ve heard that we can’t eat ____ those days. Is it true?—Take it easy. It is safe to eat cooked meat.A. chickenB. chickensC. a chickenD. the chickenThe students of Grade 7 visited Mike’s farm and saw many ___ there.A. birdB. duckC. sheepD. rabbitI’m so hungry. Please give me ___ to eat.A. three breadB. three pieces of breadC. three pieces ofbreads D. three piece of breadI want a sweet milk. Put some ______ in my cup, please.A. iceB. soupC. saltD. sugar—What a good ______ you’ve given me! Thanks a lot.—My pleasure.A. informationB. newsC. suggestion D. advice4、名词的所有格分类构成方法例子表示有生命的名词所有格在单数后面加-’s The teacher’s officeLily’s photo 以加-s的复数名词后加“’”The teachers’ officeBoys’ games 不以-s 结尾的复数名词后加“-’s”The children’s palace.用and 连接两个并列的单数名词表示共有时，在后一个词尾加-’s；如果不是，则需要分别加在两个名词后面。
小学英语语法名词专题精品PPT课件 图文
A. sheeps; foxes
B. sheeps; foxes
C. sheep; foxes
D. sheep;foxs
Homework
1. 完成语法书8~10页的综合训练。 2. 预习第二课和第三课。 3. Chapter1的笔记读30分钟并默写。（作业
要家长签字。）
那夜子都想，自打他俩分手以来，他 看着若 总觉得 隔着、 不透亮 ，像在 雾里， 掩着纱 帘…… 是由于 他不适 应新角 色、心 理有问 题，还 是她的 确有事 儿瞒了 他…… 他画着 问号， 一时又 理不出 头绪… … 第二天上午，也就是周五上午，子都 给亦冰 打电话 问若的 情况， 亦冰说 昨晚他 走后若 就没再 醒过来 ，早晨 他离家 的时候 她还在 床上躺 着;说她 应该是 不去上 班了， 是他给 雨馨准 备的早 饭、送 的学校 ……子 都想一 定是若 的酒劲 还没缓 过来。 他不想 打扰她 休息， 想下午 与她联 系。 下午子都给若打电话，那时她正在去 单位的 路上， 子都说 都三点 了，问 她这么 晚还去 单位干 吗，她 说单位 有事儿; 他又约 她吃晚 饭、或 是找个 地方坐 会儿; 她说晚 上约了 人…… 子都心 里很是 不爽， 嘴上又 不便说 什么， 就说她 身体不 好，办 完事儿 早点回 家，到 家后告 诉他一 声;她应 承着 …… 那晚子都在家心不在焉地看着电视， 总觉着 要发生 点什么 事儿… …“她这 叫归家 吗?今 天这事 儿、明 天那事 儿，以 前也没 说这么 忙过;还 说身体 不好， 好人又 怎样? 谁经得 起天天 这般折 腾…… 唉!碍着 我啥事 儿了， 跟着瞎 起哄， 爱咋咋 吧…… ”他说 是不挂 念，心 里别扭 着。九 点过半 ，仍无 若的消 息，他 心神不 宁……“ 又喝了 ?不要 命了?昨 晚的事 情过眼 就忘… …可怜 的亦冰 ，这些 年真够 难为他 的…… ”他待 要给若 发信息 ，问她 是不是 还在外 面，她 给他发 来信息 ，说她 到家了 ，要他 放心… …他悬 着的心 算是告 一段落 地放下 来，也 该洗洗 睡了… … 子都刚躺下，有电话打进来，是杨巍 的，他 吃了一 惊，第 一反应 就是若 ……这 还是杨 巍初次 用手机 给他打 电话， 他的手 机号码 也是上 次找他 办事儿 时存下 的。“ 若是不 是还在 外面没 回家?出 什么事 儿了… …”他 刚待接 听，那 边挂了 ，等了 几分钟 ，对方 没再打 过来… …“诶? 怎么回 事儿?这 么晚了 ，误碰 ……不 对…… 不管怎 样，打 过去问 问。” 于是他 就把电 话打过 去，电 话通着 ，没人 接听， 他心犯 狐疑， 一连又 打了七 、八个 过去… …“莫 非他与 若在一 起…… 绝不是 误碰… …”他随 即给若 打电话 ，没人 接，再 打……“ 她俩一 定在一 起…… 发生了 什么? 不行， 得去找 她……” 他毫无 迟疑， 起身穿 上衣服 ……“ 今晚一 定要见 着她… …”一种 不安袭 击着他 。他想 给亦冰 打电话 ，问若 在不在 家，又 一想先 别大惊 小怪的 ，过去 看看若 的车是 否在家 再做道 理。他 匆匆离 家，走 的时候 连屋里 的灯也 没顾得 关…… 路上车少，子都心似弹飞，往日的路 程此刻 只用了 一半的 时间。 他留心 过往车 辆，生 怕路上 与她错 过。在 距若的 家不足 一分钟 里程时 ，他发 现前面 路边上 停着一 辆白色 的小车 ，尾灯 闪亮着 ……“车 上一定 有人… …”他 心里一 惊，因 为杨巍 家就在 这儿附 近。“ 莫非若 的车… …”车速 太快， 他急点 刹车， 错车的 一刹凝 眸望去 ，正是 若的车 ，前排 影影绰 绰的两 个人影 ，他脑 袋嗡地 一声， 竟至于 狠踩了 一脚油 门，那 车轰的 一声穿 窜出去 多远… …待他 回过神 来，赶 忙把车 停靠在 路边， 深呼吸 ……
英语语法复习名词
把f/fe改成ves Halves; leaves;
• (二) 不规则变化
• 男人女人 a 变 e，鹅足牙 oo 变 ee； • man-men; woman-women; goosegeese; foot-feet; tooth-teeth • 老鼠虱子也好记，ous 变 ic； • mouse-mice; louse-lice • 孩子加上 ren,ren, ren鱼鹿绵羊不用变 • child-children; fish; deer; sheep • this---these(这些) • that -- those(那些)
• • • • •
辅音 + y 在词尾，把 y 变 i 加 -es； study-studies; baby-babies; city-cities 元音+y在词尾, 只加s就足够 boy – boys ; day – days; monkey – monkeys 词尾是 o，黑人英雄爱吃西红柿和土豆。 常用三个已足够， hero, tomato, potato。 • negroes; heroes; potatoes; tomatoes • 其余o结尾的词加s, photos; pianos
可数名词有单、复数之分。可数名词的复数形式
情况 一般情况 以s,x,ch,sh,结尾的 以辅音＋y结尾的 加法 加-s 加-es 去y加-ies 例词 brothers;schools
buses;watches;boxes
ladies;cities;
以辅音+o 结尾的
以f或fe结尾的
多数加-es
Heroes; tomatoes
物质名词(air,water)
普通名词 (Common Nouns)
初中英语语法名词篇(附习题和答案)
初中英语语法名词篇(附习题和答案)中考英语语法（名词篇）语法总述：词类、句子成分和构词法：1、词类：名词、形容词、代词、数词、冠词、动词、副词、介词、连词、感叹词。
1、名词(n.)：表示人、事物、地点或抽象概念的名称。
如：boy, morning, ball, class, orange, clock,合成名词：8-year-olds, groun-ups, passers-by, e-mail,2、代词(pron.)：主要用来代替名词。
如：who, she, you, it .3、形容词(adj..)：表示人或事物的性质或特征。
如：good, right, white, orange, ugly, sweet, far,合成形容词：8-year-old, hard-working,4、数词(num.)：透露表现数量或事物的按次。
基数词：one, two, three, hundred,序数词：first, second, third,量词：a piece of, two bottles of, three basket of, four bowls of, five cups of, six pairs of,5、动词(v.)：透露表现举措或状况。
系词：am, is,are,半系词：look, sound, feel, get, become, keep, stay, taste, smell, turn,实意动词：have, see , think, beat, walk,助动词：辅佐动词构成否认、疑问等语气，辅佐工具构成时态语态等。
如：be, do, does, did, will, can,should, may,6、副词(adv.)：修饰动词、形容词或其他副词,说明时间、地点、程度等。
如：now, here, often, quietly, slowly, home,upstairs, hard, very, really,7、冠词(art..)：用在名词前,匡助申明名词。
英语语法之名词
英语语法之名词1、名词分类⎪⎪⎪⎪⎩⎪⎪⎪⎪⎨⎧⎪⎪⎩⎪⎪⎨⎧⎩⎨⎧⎩⎨⎧raincoat watermelonsnowfall ability courage wealth honey beef wood wool team crew audience suitcase pal Fuji Mt Bible the ,,:,,,,,,,,.,复合名词抽象名词：物质名词：不可数名词集体名词：个体名词：可数名词普通名词专有名词：名词 ◆ 专有名词：表示人名、地名、书名、机构名、日期名、节日或某一事物专有名称的词称为专有名词。
例如：CIA 中央情报局,APEC 亚太经济合作组织,FIFA 国际足球联盟,Lost and Found 失物招领◆ 普通名词：是指一类人、事物、物质或抽象概念的名称。
细分为四类。
① 个体名词：指单个人或单个事物的名词。
例如：kid 孩子，friend 朋友,pencil 铅笔② 集体名词：指一群人或一些事物总称的名词。
例如：crowd 人群，group 组，faculty 全体教师，family 家人，class 一个班级的学生， crew 全体船员， people 人民③ 物质名词：指无法分为个体的物质、材料、食品、饮料、液体、气体、 金属等的名称。
例如：cotton 棉花，wool 羊毛，cloth 布，gold 黄金，rain 雨，gas 气体，solid 固体,liquid 液体④ 抽象名词1)意义：指人或事物的品质、情感、状态、动作等抽象概念及学科、疾病等的名称。
例如：honesty 诚实，love 热爱，improvement 提高，Chinese 语文2)习惯用法A.of +抽象名词：相当于相应的形容词，在句中可作表语、补足语和定语。
例如：a man of sense = a sensible man 一个有见识的人a man of wealth = a wealthy man 一个富人a man of experience = an experienced man 一个有经验的人a man of courage = a courageous man 一个有勇气的人a matter of great /much/little importance 一个非常/很/几乎重要的问题of great value 非常有价值，of ability 有能力的，of character 有品格的人B.of+表示大小、长短、深度、高度、年龄、颜色、材料的名词，可以作表语、补足语和定语。
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一、名词的分类二、名词的性1.在英语中，大多数名词没有性的区别，只有一个共同的形式。
部分名词具有性别差异，存在阴性和阳性两种不同的形式。
2.在具有性别差异的名词中，有些名词在词尾直接加“-ess”即可构成阴性名词（多数）；有些名词在词尾直接加“-ette”即可构成阴性名词（少数）；有些名词以“-ter”或“-tor”结尾，须将结尾改为“-tress”以构成阴性名词；有些名词以“-rer”或“-ror”结尾，须将结尾改为“-ress”以构成阴性名词；有些名词以“-der”结尾，须将结尾改为“-dress”以构成阴性名词。
（①“-ter”/“-tor”→“-tress”；②“-rer”/“-ror”→“-ress”；③“-der”→“-dress”。
注：少数情况下存在例外）3.在现代英语中，对于无性别区分的名词，一般可通过在该词前加he/she, male/female,man/woman, boy/girl, lord/lady, dog/bitch, bull/cow, jack/jenny, tom/tally, cock/hen, duck/doe, billy/nanny, father/mother, son/daughter 等词来区分性别。
（强调尊敬时，可用lady 表示女性，但只能用单数形式。
）4.某些外来语中的名词在变为阴性名词时，须接固定的后缀。
（Ref.P324<7>）5.惯用阳性的名词和惯用阴性的名词：1)阳性词：general, lawyer, fellow, lover, soldier, sailor 等2)阴性词：nurse, typist, dressmaker, housekeeper 等3)拟人化的阳性词：Time, Mountain, Wind, War, the Ocean, Storm, Thunder, Sleep,Winter, Summer, Autumn, Despair, Fear 等（代词用he）4)拟人化的阴性词：Moon, Spring, Night, Nature, Peace, Hope, Virtue, Truth, theEarth, Liberty, Justice, Fame, Victory, Faith, Humility, Pride, Mercy, Art, Science, Soul 等（代词用she）5)通常情况下，船、火车、国家、都市均视为阴性名词。
6.man 可以包括woman，统指一切人，代词用he/his。
三、名词的数1.专有名词的复数形式1)有些专有名词变为复数时，仅在词尾加“-s”即可。
Kansas City →Kansas CitysMayor Brown →Mayor Brownsthe two Mr. Smiths, Lord Mayors, Queen Elizabeths（例外：Rockey →Rockies, Sicily →Sicilies）2)以下专有名词的复数有两种形式：Charles →Charles’→CharlesesMary →Marys →MariesJanuary →Januarys →JanuariesFebruary →Februarys →Februries3)专有名词表示同一人名、同一头衔时，可有两种复数形式：Mr. Smith →the Messrs. Smith →the Mr. SmithsMiss Alice →Misses Alice →Miss AlicesLady Brown →the Ladies Brown →the Lady BrownsDoctor Anderson →the Doctors Anderson →the Doctor AndersonsJohn S. Black, Jr →the John S. Blacks, Jr →the John S. Black, Jrs4)专有名词表示不同人名、相同头衔时，只有一种复数形式：Dr. Smith and Anderson →Drs. Smith and AndersonProfessor Black and Brown →Professors Black and Brown5)专有名词表示相同人名、不同头衔时，只有一种复数形式：Mr., Mrs. and Misses Huntington2.规则名词的复数形式1)“-s”类：大多数名词的复数形式是在单数名词的词尾加“-s”。
2)“-es”类：以o, s, x, ch, sh 结尾的名词，在词尾加“-es”。
有关例外情况，分述如下：①如果词尾的ch 发[k] 音，则在词尾加“-s”；②对于以字母o 结尾的外来词或缩写词，则在词尾加“-s”。
（若o 前为元音字母，亦如此）③有些名词在词尾加“-s”或“-es”均可构成复数形式。
（Ref.P325<红框部分>）④有些名词的复数形式有两种。
（如：buffo/buffos/buffi, cello/cellos/celli,solo/solos/soli 等）3)“y”类：①以辅音字母+“y”结尾的名词，须变“y”为“i”再加“-es”。
（例外：dry/drys,stand-by/stand-bys 等）②以元音字母+“y”结尾的名词，在词尾加“-s”。
③当词尾为“quy”时，须变“y”为“i”再加“-es”。
4)“f”或“fe”类：①在英语中共有14 个名词以“f”/“fe”结尾，它们的复数形式是去掉“f”或“fe”再加“ves”。
它们是calf, half, knife, leaf, life, loaf, self, sheaf, shelf, thief,wife, wolf, elf, housewife。
②以下名词在变为复数形式时，既可在词尾直接加“-s”，又可去掉“f”再加“ves”，但两种形式对应的含义往往会有所不同。
它们是：scarf, wharf, staff,dwarf, handkerchief, hoof。
③其它以“f”或“fe”结尾的名词变为复数时，一般加“-s”，常见的有：chief,cliff, grief, turf, belief, reef, gulf, brief, mischief, proof, cuff, fife, roof, safe, strife,sheriff, tariff 等5)“4’s”类：字母、数字、单词、符号被视为“字”时，常加“’s”构成复数。
3.不规则名词的复数形式1)以下名词以改变元音的方式变为复数（有些辅音也有变化）：ox →oxen, foot →feet, mouse →mice, goose →geese, child →children, louse →lice, alderman →aldermen, dormouse →doemice, tooth →teeth（注：①当foot 表示infantry，horse 表示cavalry，sail 表示ship 时，其本身即具有复数意义，同时形式保持不变。
②foot →foots = dregs <沉淀物、渣滓>，goose →gooses = iron <弯把熨斗>）2)有些名词单复数形式相同。
（Ref.P327<⑴>）（注：chassis, patios, corps, rendezvous, chamois, faux pas均为法语词，作单数时s不发音，作复数时s读[z]）3)以下名词形式上为复数，但含义上既可表示单数，也可表示复数。
（Ref.P(327-328)<①>）4)直接从汉语音译的名词一般无复数，但要用斜体。
5)某些外来词在构成复数时，保留了原语种中的复数形式。
（Ref.P328<3)>）6)少数外来词有两种复数形式，原有的复数形式多为科学用语，英语中的复数形式则多为一般用语或用于口语。
（Ref.P329<4)>）7)有少数名词具有两种复数形式，它们常具有各自不同的含义，或其中一种复数形式的含义比另一种更多。
（Ref.P330<5)>）4.只有单数形式的名词1)有生命集体名词（谓语动词多用复数，偶用单数）等整数修饰。
）（Ref.P330<1)>）2)无生命集体名词（有些是物质名词，包括气体名词、液体名词、药品名词等）均是可数名词，而sauce, juice, liquor均可作可数名词或不可数名词）（Ref.P331<2)>）3)抽象名词many修饰，后面不可加“-s”，谓语动词用单数）（Ref.P331<3)>）有关补充，分述如下：①以下名词形式上为复数，但谓语动词一般用单数：economics, statistics, physics, mathematics, civics, mechanics, genetics, mumps,diabetes, pediatrics, obstetrics, tennis, molasses等；②有些抽象名词可作集体名词，表示这类名词的具体特点或所指之人：youth（青春/青年们），age（年老/老年人），society（交际/社会），audience（接见/观众），nobility（高贵/贵族），community（共有/公众），painting（绘画学/绘画），priesthood（祭司职位/祭司）（Ref.P332<②>）5.只有复数形式的名词1)表示由两个相同部分组成的名词（Ref.P332<1)>）2)一些词尾为“-ing”的名词（Ref.P332<2)>）3)常以复数形式出现的名词（Ref.P332<3)>）4)某些固定说法中的常用复数形式（Ref.P333<红框部分>）6.复数形式具有特殊含义的名词（Ref.P334<5>）（注：部分上述名词的复数形式既有特殊含义，又保留了原有含义；另外，有些名词的单数形式的含义比复数形式多）（Ref.P335<Note>）7.既可用作可数又可用作不可数的名词1)兼类名词（作不可数名词时，表示抽象概念或物质；作可数名词时，表示具体的事物）（Ref.P336<1)>）2)表示抽象概念或不同种类的名词（Ref.P338<2) & 3)>）3)复数比单数形式含义更加广泛的名词（Ref.P338<4)>）4)几组名词辨析：（Ref.P(338-339)<5) & 6) & 7)>）①many fruits & much fruit；②fish & fishes；③cloth & clothes8.名词数的概念的兼容性1)可数名词可表示抽象概念2)复数名词可表示单数概念3)物质名词可表示单数概念，或用作可数名词4)抽象名词具体化：①抽象名词表示单数概念a)表示运动、状况、性质等的抽象名词，可用来指“一种、一次、一番、一场”等具体概念b)表示某种具体的事物或有形的实体c)有些具有动作意义的抽象名词可表示某种过程，或某个短暂的动作②抽象名词表示复数概念a)表示具体的行为、事件、现象或状况b)表示“很多、很多种”等含义5)专有名词有时可有复数形式，表示“像…一样的人”或“几个姓…的人、几个叫…的人”。