英语阅读基本功—长难句过关之分隔结构
考研英语长难句结构拆分技巧
考研英语长难句结构拆分技巧考研英语长难句结构拆分技巧一、从状语等修饰语的角度出题考研英语阅读的文章句子一般较长，出题人往往只从句子当中的某一个成分处设题，特别是定语成分和状语成分。
例如：Still，Jefferson freed Hemings‘s children —though not Hemings herself or his approximately 150 other slaves. Washington，who had begun to believe that all men were created equal after observing the bravery of the black solders during the Revolutionary War，overcame the strong opposition of his relatives to grant his slaves their freedom in his will. Only a decade earlier，such an act would have required legislative approval in Virginia.40. Washington‘s decision to free slaves originated from his[A] moral considerations.[B] military experience.[C] financial conditions.[D] political stand.【解析】题干问的是华盛顿给奴隶自由的决定是源于什么，也就是问原因，显然我们需要找原因状语的分。
文中最后一段的“Washington，who had begun to believe that all men were created equal after observing the bravery of the black solders during the Revolutionary War，overcame the strong opposition of his relatives to grant his slaves their freedom in his will.”明确指出是因为：after observing the bravery of the black solders during the Revolutionary War，华盛顿才做了这个决定，所以答案选[B]“军事经历”。
英语四级阅读长难句句子结构分析(8)
英语四级阅读长难句句子结构分析(8)分隔结构含有分隔结构得复杂句通常是指那些句子结构主谓、谓宾、宾补之间存在着其他成分。
而有时这些介入成分又较长，从而使本来应该紧联在一起得句子成分被分隔开了。
另外还有一种分隔结构是同位语和定语同它们所修饰得成分分隔，由于作同位语和作定语得句子太长，而后面得部分又太短，为了保证全句意思表达得完整性常常把同位语或定语放到句子最后，形成分隔得结构。
一般来说分隔结构本身不难辨认，但当句子较长，成分较多，被分隔得部分又相距较远时就容易造成理解障碍，而且常常被分隔得成分又恰恰是句子得主干。
因此准确判断分隔结构，理顺句子主干就成了理解这类句子得关键。
ExerciseIt’s an activity you turn to for pleasure, not something that you have to do, like helping with the dishes.While I was waiting to enter university, I saw advertised in a local newspaper a teaching post at a school in a suburb of London about ten miles from where I lived.I launched into a variation of the speech I had made for years, about how excessive tax rates can take away the incentive to produce, and how cutting taxes can generate growth.要点分析和参考译文要点：“an activity”及”not something”在句中作并列表语。
介词短语”like helping…” 与“that” 从句共同作定语，修饰”something”，此定语被that ”从句分割”。
雅思阅读句子结构讲解
2．The way space is used to enable the individual to achieve privacy, to build homes or to design cities is culturally influenced.
2．The way space is used to enable the individual to achieve privacy, to build homes or to design cities is culturally influenced. 结构：本句有2个谓语动词，其中第二个is influenced是主句的谓语 动词，主干是The way is culturally influenced。第一个is used是定 语从句的谓语动词，但是该定语从句省略了引导词。定语从句中三 个并列的不定式短语动词to achieve privacy, to build homes or to design cities共同作为is used的目的状语。本句可以拆分为： 1) The way is culturally influenced. 2) Space is used to enable the individual to achieve privacy, to build homes or to design cities. 翻译：怎样利用空间来获得个人隐私、建造家园以及设计城市都会 受到文化的影响。
8． There are relay races in running and swimming in summer, and relay in skiing in winter.
英语阅读理解长难句分析技巧指南
英语阅读理解长难句分析技巧指南英语长句和难句一般结构复杂，逻辑层次多；并列成分和插入成分多；修饰语多，特别是后置定语很长；各种从句多，并且从句与从句之间的关系复杂；省略和倒装经常出现；由于结构的需要，常见的搭配常常会颠倒或提前等等。
长难句分析方法指南英语句子无论多么复杂，它们都是通过一些语法手段和逻辑手段连接起来的。
所以，在理解英语句子的时候，理解并且拆分句子的语法结构和逻辑结构就自然而然成为了我们解题的突破口。
怎么拆分呢？我们可以把主句和从句拆分出来，即找出全句的主语，谓语和宾语；找出句中所有的谓语结构，非谓语结构，介词短语和从句的引导词；分析各从句的作用以及它们之间的关系。
说的具体一点，可以寻找下面一些“信号词”来对英语句子进行拆分，进而更加有效地理解英语原文。
长难句分析注意事项在分析句子成分时，还应该特别注意下列几点：1 是否有同位语和插入语。
2 是否有省略，倒装和分隔等现象。
3 替代词的所指对象。
4 判断并列成分的层次。
通常起承上启下的作用，不要将5 并列连词and, or, but, for它们归入后文的句法分析。
6 在从句多的句子中，从句中又包含从句的现象。
7 非谓语动词短语在句中作次要成分（定语和状语）时又带着自己较长的从属成分，尤其是状语从句或宾语从句时的结构分析。
8 在有多个的复合句和并列句中，状语（单个词，短语或从句）究竟是全句的修饰语还是某个从句或词语的修饰语。
长难句分析实例1. Decision-thinking is unlike poker---it often matters not only what you think, b ut also w hat others t hink you think and what you think they think you think.分析：这句话不长，但是由于有多个从句，并且还有省略，所以难度很大。
破折号把这个长句分成为两个句子，前边是简单句，其中not unlike构成双重否定表肯定；后面的是复合句，进一步说明前面的内容。
英语阅读基本功—长难句过关（二四）
第五章分词和从句分词(包括现在分词和过去分词)和分词短语在英语中使⽤⾮常普遍，在句⼦中可以充当补语,定语,状语等成分。
在成分复杂的句⼦中，有时分词的出现易同谓语动词的被动式或者进⾏时搞混，造成句⼦主⼲的判断错误。
带有⾃⼰主语的分词独⽴结构由于同⾮限制性定语从句和插⼊语⼀样需要逗号同句⼦的其他成分分开，因此常会误认为是⾮限制性定语或插⼊语。
有些从句，尤其是定语从句，其形式变化很多，在句⼦中也易同其他句⼦成分混淆。
ExerciseFacing the Atlantic, it is on the northeastern coast of the United States, and most of the city is built on islands.He sat in front of them, dressed in a plain , ill-fitting suit, never moving,his dusty face masking his age.After all, eighty was a special birthday, another decade lived or endured just as you chose to look at it.要点: Facing the Atlantic为现在分词短语,在句中做⽅式状语.译⽂:它濒临⼤西洋,位于美国东北海岸线上,城市的⼤部分建在海岛上.要点:" dressed in ..., never moving, his dusty face...".为句⼦的三个伴随状语。
第⼀个状语为过去分词，第⼆个为现在分词，第三个为独⽴主格结构。
译⽂：他坐在他们前⾯⼀动不动，穿着⼀套不合⾝的便服，风尘满⾯，让⼈看不出他的年纪。
要点："another decade lived or endured"是独⽴结构，作⾏为⽅式状语，lived和endured是过去分词。
中考英语阅读理解分析长难句技巧总结
中考英语阅读理解分析长难句技巧总结
1.逐词理解：将长句按照词语的顺序逐一理解，弄清楚每个词的意思
和词语之间的关系。
2.抓住主语、谓语、宾语：找到句子的主干部分，即主语、谓语和宾
语所在的位置，从而确定句子的基本意思。
3. 掌握连词的作用：长句中通常会出现各种连词，如and、but、so、because等，要明确连词的作用，从而理解句子之间的逻辑关系。
4.标点符号的作用：注意长句中的标点符号的用法，如逗号、分号、
冒号等，这些标点符号可以帮助我们判断句子的结构和意义。
5.利用上下文推测意义：如果单凭自己理解句子的意思困难，可以通
过上下文来推测句子的意义，寻找相关信息。
6.切忌直译：长句往往结构复杂，直接按照中文的语序进行翻译可能
会造成错误理解，要学会根据英文句子的结构和语法来理解句子的意义。
通过不断的练习，加上对语法和词汇的积累，掌握这些技巧后，就可
以更好地应对中考英语阅读理解中的长难句了。
雅思阅读之长难句分析方法和技巧
雅思阅读之长难句分析方法和技巧
雅思阅读中的长难句分析是提高阅读理解能力的重要一环。
长难句通常包含多个从句、修饰语和短语，使得句子结构复杂且难以理解。
1.确定句子主干
首先找到句子的主谓宾结构，即主语、谓语和宾语。
这有助于理解句子的主要内容和意图。
2.识别从句
长难句中通常包含多个从句，如名词性从句、形容词性从句和副词性从句。
识别从句并理解其作用有助于理解整个句子的意思。
3.理解修饰语
长难句中经常使用定语、状语、同位语等修饰语来扩展句子或解释主语、谓语或宾语。
理解这些修饰语的意思和作用有助于更好地理解句子。
4.注意标点符号
标点符号在长难句中具有重要作用。
逗号、分号和冒号等标点符号可以分隔句子成分，使句子更易于理解。
5.翻译句子
尝试将句子翻译成中文，以便更好地理解其意思。
翻译可以帮助你理解句子中的词汇、短语和从句的逻辑关系。
6.练习分析
通过大量的练习和分析，逐渐提高对长难句的理解能力。
可以多读一些英文文章，尤其是新闻、学术论文等不同类型的文本，以接触不同类型的长难句。
7.寻求帮助
如果你在分析长难句时遇到困难，可以向老师、同学或使用在线资源寻求帮助。
他们可以提供解释、翻译或指出错误，帮助你更好地理解句子。
总之，雅思阅读长难句分析需要练习和耐心。
通过掌握方法和技巧，逐渐提高对长难句的理解能力，从而在雅思阅读考试中取得更好的成绩。
长难句之高级阅读分裂结构20110109
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2008年第48题 He did not accept as well founded
the charge made by some of his critics that while he was a good observer, he had no power of reasoning. charge n. 指责，指控(zhǐkòng)，批评 有人指责他尽管擅长观察却不擅长推理， 他却认为这样的指责没有什么根据。
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1. 先行(xiānxíng)词与定语从句的分裂 2. 先行(xiānxíng)词与同位语从句的分
裂 3. 动宾分裂 4. 主谓分裂 5. 搭配分裂
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1.先行(xiānxíng)词和定语从句的分裂 A new teacher will come tomorrow
who will fill in for me for a week. 1）先行(xiānxíng)词+谓语部分+定语从句
dreary : 沉闷的
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The statement by the driver of the vehicle that he did not see the lorry was rejected by the Court.
该汽车司机说自己没有看见卡车，但法庭驳 回了这一说法。
2）先行(xiānxíng)词+后置定语+同位语从 句
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Concerns were raised that witnesses might be encouraged to exaggerate their stories in court to ensure guilty verdicts.
2021高考英语典型技巧01 长难句的分析与理解(解析版)
备战2021年高考英语二轮复习之阅读理解“典型技巧”高效练典型技巧01 长难句的分析与理解【技巧释义】高考阅读理解的文章一般会有一些结构复杂的句子，增加了句子的长度和难度，干扰了学生正常的阅读速度和思维方式。
一、长难句的常见形式1.复合句这些句子往往较长，一个从句套着另一个从句。
其实，不管句子有多长、多复杂，它只由两部分构成，即主干和修饰成分。
主干主要指主谓宾结构(如：I want a ticket.)或主系表结构(如：The man is a teacher.)。
而修饰成分在句中只起修饰或补充主干的作用，它既可以是单词，也可以是短语，更常见的则是从句，尤其是定语从句和状语从句。
应通过仔细分析，将每个修饰成分划出来，找出句子的主干，这样整个句子结构就清晰了。
I urge you to contact your state legislators to move this legislation forward so that this weekend will be one of the last times when we have to “fall back”.分析此句的主语为I，谓语是urge, so that引导的结果状语从句。
在结果状语从句中when引导定语从句。
2.分隔结构高考试题中出现较多的分隔结构是插入语、用破折号插入的新话题或补充信息。
此外，还有一些句子成分(一般是定语)过长而出现后置，也可以看作是插入现象。
“The results are pretty exciting—strong levels of reductions—but there clearly are going to be things to be learned from the areas w here the reductions are not as great.” said Penn State University professor Elizabeth McGraw.提醒分析长难句时务必注意这些非限制性修饰成分，它们打断了原来的行文逻辑，插入补充了一些额外的信息。
雅思阅读专项长难句讲义及练习
Understanding IELTS Grammar---Solution to Long & Complicated Sentences●长难句成因：“树形结构”：•修饰成分纷繁复杂•主从句交织•特殊句式●Strategies for Long & Complicated Sentences:一、主从复合句解析1.名词性从句2.定语从句3.状语从句4.多重复合句二、特殊结构句式解析1. 分隔结构2. 倒装结构3. 强调结构4. 双重或者多重否定5. 比较结构一、主从复合句解析1.名词性从句1.1 主语从句•Looking at the picture makes him experience a severe attack of nostalgia.•For her, a woman, to defy her husband’s order would be considered audacious at her time.•What bothers me about this point of view is that it implies that human beings, in somedeep sense, are not part of nature.•That he is in love with her is no longer a secret.主语从句解读方法：●●主语从句引导词：Practice:（1）That he finished writing the composition in such a short time surprised us all. （2）Whether we will go for an outing tomorrow remains unknown.（3）Who will be our monitor hasn't been decided yet.（4）Who the watch belongs to is unknown.（5）Whom we must study for is a question of great importance.（6）What caused the accident remains unknown.（7）What we need is time.（8）What we need are good doctors.（9）Whatever you did is right.Example 1：That the nineteenth– century French novelist Balzac could be financially wise in his fiction while losing all his money in his life was an irony which was duplicated in other matters.Example 2:That such radical adaptations can occur demands a view of the brain as dynamic and active rather than programmed and static.Example 3:However, it can not be denied that it was Smith who introduced such a target for later novelists.Further Practice:1. It is common knowledge that the full moon brings fair weather.2. It is a surprise that you gave such an answer to the question.3. It is certain that free medical care will be given to most people in our city.4. It is probable that he has known everything.5. It appeared that he had a taste for music.6. It made us very happy that she was saved7. It remains unknown when they are going to get married.8. It is said that Li Hao has been to Europe.9. It was amusing that a rabbit ran out of the empty box on the desk.1.2. 宾语从句（object clause）引导词：Example 1：A survey of new stories in 1996 reveals that the anti-science tag has been attached to many other groups as well, from authorities who advocated the elimination of the last remaining stocks of smallpox virus to republicans who advocated decreased funding for basic research.Example 2：Yet new findings in neuroscience suggest that the brain retains its ability to reorganize itself in response to experience or injury throughout life: after the loss of sensory input from an amputated limb, for example, adults are able to learn new motor skills effectively.Example 3：Art historian Kenneth Clarke, for example, writing in 1973, could not accept that the Mona Lisa was famous for reasons other than its inner qualities.Example 4:The study on rats, kittens, and mice may, for instance, provide a physiological explanation for why infant animals employ in their play the same kinds of behavior that they will later use as adults.1.3 表语从句引导词：who, how, when, as, whetherExample：The key issue in judging overpopulation is not how many people can fit into any given space but whether Earth can supply the population’s long-term requirement for food, water, and other resources.Practice:The miracle is how they all cooperate, and are integrated together, in the creation ofa self.1.4 同位语从句Example:He was surprised at the fact that he had passed the IELTS examination.先行词：破解关键：Example 1：There was still the faith that ordinary men are greater than the powers of nature or the mechanisms of man’s hands and will master them all in the end.Example 2:The belief that it is harmful to the black community for authors to explore the humanity of our leaders can have troubling effects.Example 3:【剑3】In recent times, scientific research has been providing evidence that years of cigarette smoking vastly increases the risk of developing fatal medical conditions.Example 4:【剑3】This attitude altered with the realization that marginal communities can survive and adapt in spite of partial integration in to a notoriously fickle worldeconomy.Practices：I take further comfort in the fact that human species managed to produce pretty decent creative work during the 5000 years that preceded 1710, when the Statue of Anne, the world’s first modern copyright law, passed the British parliament.According to James, a child’s first step on the road to self-understanding can be seen as the recognition that he or she exists. [剑9]2.定语从句引导词：Which:Like the slaves, women took literally the preamble of the Declaration of Independence, which states that all men are created equal.Libraries made education possible，and education in its turn added to libraries；the growth of knowledge followed a kind of compound-interest law，which was greatly enhanced by the invention of printing.That:With the introduction of the electronic computer, there is no complicated problem that cannot be solved in a few hours.O ften, the children’s disagreements involved a struggle over a toy that none of them had played with before or after the tug-of-war: the children seemed to be disputing ownership rather than wanting to play with it. [剑9]There is something, they argue, inside the painting that speaks to us all, that unleashes feelings, emotion, and recognition.关系代词that的省略：Because the potential talent John has is obvious, he is going to be elected as the president.Another powerful source of information for infants about the effects they can have on the world around them is provided when others mimic them.Who:The student who is answering the question is John.The person who was here yesterday is a musician.Whom:In Berlin, he first met the woman whom he would one day marry.Whose:Children with parents whose guidance is firm, consistent, and rational are inclined to possess high levels of self-confidence.关系副词:When:She will never forget the day when she got married.Where:One of the wildest and most inaccessible parts of the United States is the Everglades where wildlife is abundant and largely protected.Why:Give me one reason why we should help you.复杂定语从句：介词/介词短语+引导词This is the desk on which I found my book.The pigmentation of a pearl is influenced by the type of oyster in which it develops and by the depth, temperature, and the salt content of the water in which the oyster lives.The beaver chews down trees to get food and material with which to build its home. His book vividly illustrates the intensity with which nineteenth-century America protested the intrusion the forces of industrialization and urbanization.We are not conscious of the extent to which work provide the psychological satisfaction that can make the difference between a full and an empty life.【剑5】This, in essence, is the problem of modern sociobiology—to discover the degree to which hard-wired genetic programming dictates, or at least strongly biases, the interaction of animals and humans with their environment, that is, their behavior.【剑8】Perhaps for us today, two of the most significant aspects of most of these studies of genius are the frequency with which early encouragement and teaching by parents and tutors had beneficial effects on the intellectual, artistic or musical development of the children but caused great difficulties of adjustment later in their lives, and the frequency with which abilities went unrecognized by teachers and schools.【剑8】The ease with which truly great ideas are accepted and taken for granted fails to lessen their significance.3.状语从句关联词：破解关键：When it is struck, a tuning fork produces an almost pure tone, retaining its pitch over a long period of time.Insects would make it impossible for us to live in the world; they would devour all our crops and kill our flocks and herds, if it were not for the protection we get from insect-eating animals.Even though the precise qualities of hero in literary words may vary over time, the basic exemplary function of the hero seems to remain constant.Since the consumer considers the best fruit to be that which is the most attractive, the grower must provide products that satisfy the discerning eye.I’m not living where I was.Everywhere I go, I find the same thing.I hired a boat so that I could go fishing.Take your coat in case it rains.He studied hard in order that he could pass the exam.He shut the window with such force that the glass broke.Most substance contract when they freeze so that the density of a substance’s solid is higher than the density of its liquid.4.多重复合句However, Lewis and Brooks-Gunn (1979) suggest that infants’ developing understanding that movements they see in the mirror are contingent on their own, leads to a growing awareness that they are distinct from other people. [剑9]Since both rapid and light rail have electric engines, pollution is measured not from the motor exhaust but from the power plant generating electricity, which is usually located outside the city, where air quality problems are less serious.二、特殊结构句式1.分隔结构处理原则：Example:In relationships of mutual dependence, such as between labour and management or within an organization or a family, the question (of who is more powerful) turns on who is less dependent on the other.In developing countries, where at least 10 cities are expected to have more than 12 million people by the end of this decade, failing to give priority to public transport would be disastrous.It will take years for whites—including those who think of themselves as liberals—to discover and eliminate the racist attitudes they all actually have.Thirdly, the waste radioactive material, including not only the uranium but also water and even the clothes used by power station personnel, must be disposed of.A cousin of the tenacious Asian longhorned beetle—which since its initial discovery in 1996 in New York City has caused tens of millions of dollars in damage annually – ,the citrus longhorned beetle, was discovered on a juniper bush in August 2001 in Tukwila, Washington.Generations of teachers have assigned Thoreau’s book Walden (1854), which recounts his experiment in living in solitary harmony with nature, as an illustration of the intensity with which nineteenth-century America protested the intrusion into pastoral harmony of the forces of industrialization and urbanization.Practices:Yet Linnaeus himself would probably have been the first to admit that classification is only a tool, and not the ultimate purpose, of biological inquiry.Like Douglass, who invoked the rhetoric of male individualism to encourage identification with his narrative, she had to make her readers take the oppression of slave women personally, to see it as a threat to their own sense of themselves as women.2. 倒装结构(1). Only+状语位于句首Although numerous books have been written about American mothers, only recently has literature focused on the role of a mother.(2). 以never, little, often, not only, not until, hardly, scarcely等词引导的句子。
如何在英语阅读中掌握长难句结构
如何在英语阅读中掌握长难句结构随着全球化的发展，英语不仅成为国际关系和商业交流的主要语言，也在学术研究、科技创新、文化交流等方面占据重要地位。
因此，精通英语读写能力也成为人们的迫切需求。
作为英语阅读中的一大难点，长难句结构往往会给人们带来困扰。
本文将为大家介绍如何在英语阅读中掌握长难句结构，以助于顺利地理解复杂的英语文本。
一、了解长难句的基本结构长难句是由多个分句构成的复杂句型，其中包含有主句和从句。
长难句结构通常有以下几种：定语从句、状语从句、名词性从句、条件状语从句等。
在阅读长难句时，我们需要首先识别主句和从句，并且理解从句与主句之间的关系。
例如，下面这句话：The book, which was published last year, has sold over a million copies in the United States.这句话包含了一个定语从句，其中“which was published last year”是从句，修饰前面的主句“the book”。
理解从句与主句之间的关系是理解长难句的关键，因为从句往往是主句的补充或者说明。
二、学习短语和重要的连接词良好的英语词汇基础是理解长难句的前提条件。
在长难句中，短语的使用比单词更加普遍。
熟悉和记忆常用的短语会更容易理解长句。
此外，关键的连接词也是理解长难句的关键。
这些连接词包括但不限于：and, but, or, so, while, because, if等。
了解这些连接词的含义和使用可以帮助我们理解从句与主句之间的关系，从而更好地理解整个长难句的含义。
三、练习判断主次关系在理解长难句时，我们需要识别主句和从句，并注意它们之间的逻辑关系。
但是，一个好的阅读者不仅要能够分辨主次关系，更要能够判断哪些句子与主旨相关，哪些句子只是附属信息。
为此，我们可以借鉴“五大问题法”——在阅读一篇文章时，要回答以下五个问题：Who, What, When, Where, Why。
英语四级阅读长难句结构分析
英语四级阅读长难句结构分析英语四级阅读长难句结构分析引导语;分析题型结构，会更好帮助我们去做题，下面店铺就来和大家分享一些英语四级阅读长难句结构分析，希望能够帮助到您。
一、倒装结构英语中有时为了强调突出某一句子成分，或当否定词出现在句首时，或是由于同上文衔接等的缘故，常常采用倒装的结构，即：把正常的主+谓+宾(表)+补+状的语序打乱，把应该在后面出现的成分提到前面去，如：谓语出现在主语前面，谓语、宾语出现在主语前面，或状语放在句首等。
简单句中的倒装较容易辨认，但在长句中当同其他的句子结构混在一起时，倒装结构的辨认就有一定的困难，有时会误认为是其他的句子成分，如：分句独立结构，定语等，导致错判全句的主干，形成理解障碍。
ExerciseOf drugs or medicine she had almost none.Splendid is the architecture of Manhattan, the heart of the city, with its one hundred and more skyscrapers.Especially popular were his Sunday evening dinners, usually followed by musical performances.要点及参考译文要点：介词短语位于句首表示强调，这是一个倒装句。
译文：在毒品或者药物这两样东西中她几乎什么都没有。
要点：此句为倒装句，正常语序应为：" The architecture of Manhattan,... is splendid."因为主语太长，为了保持句子平衡，所以用了倒装语序。
译文：市中心曼哈顿的建筑有百余幢摩天大楼，甚为雄伟壮观。
要点：此句为倒装句。
因主语较长，并带有分词短语"followed..."作定语修饰"dinner"，为了保持句子平衡，将表语提前到句首。
09考研英语阅读基本功难句过关之分割
09考研英语阅读基本功难句过关之分割结构分割结构是一种修辞手段,在英语句子中,特别是在书面语中,比较常见。
分割结构就是指把英语句子中原来属于一个整体的句子成分分割开,一部分留在句子的原来位置,另一部分远离原来位置。
如：The bestbooks are treasuries of good words, the golden thoughts, which, remembered andcherished, become our constant companions and comforters. 不难看出which become ourconstant companions and comforters原本是一个整体,被用作状语的过去分词remembered and cherished分割开。
常见的分割结构形式有同位语或同位语从句与先行词的分割,定语或and定语从句与先行词的分割,主语与谓语的分割,谓语与宾语的分割。
使用分割结构的目的是使语句结构平衡,避免头重脚轻,或者为了使表达的主题思想更加突出醒目,读起来更通顺流畅。
分割结构的存在说明了英语在结构形式和表达方法上的生动性和灵活性,但也造成了句子结构的错综复杂。
对于分割结构,只有从结构上和语意上弄清它才能避免理解上的错误,英译汉时要把原来属于一个整体部分的意义译出。
如：An unusualpresent was given to him for his birthday, a book on ethics.过生日的时候他得到了一件不寻常的礼物--一本关于伦理道德的书。
(present 和a book被分隔)再如：AfterGalileo's work the feeling grew that there were universal laws governing the motionof bodies and that these laws might apply to motion in the heavens as well ason earth.在伽利略著作之后,这样的认识加强了,即认为存在着支配物体运动的普遍规律,这些规律不仅支配着地球上的也支配着天体上的物体的运动。
阅读理解长难句解析
阅读理解长难句解析阅读理解是语言学习中的重要环节，而长难句则是阅读理解中常见的难点。
掌握长难句解析的方法和技巧，可以帮助我们更好地理解和分析文本内容。
本文将介绍一些解析长难句的方法，并通过实例进行具体分析。
一、划分短语边界长难句常常由多个短语组成，因此将句子划分为短语可以更好地理解句子结构。
当我们遇到长句时，可以根据标点符号和语义关系来划分短语边界。
例句1：Despite the heavy rain, she still went out for a walk in the park.划分短语边界后：Despite the heavy rain / , / she still went out for a walk in the park.解析：通过划分短语边界，我们可以看出，“Despite the heavy rain”是一个介词短语，表示尽管下着大雨。
而后面的主句“she still went out for a walk in the park”则表示她仍然去公园散步。
二、理清句子主干在理解长难句时，找出句子的主干是非常重要的。
主干通常是句子的核心，其他成分和修饰语都是围绕主干展开。
例句2：The new restaurant, which is known for its delicious seafood, is very popular among locals.解析：句子的主干是“The new restaurant is very popular among locals”，而“which is known for its delicious seafood”是对主干的一个修饰，用来介绍这家餐厅的特色。
三、理解主谓宾结构在复杂的长句中，理解主谓宾结构是至关重要的。
主谓宾结构是句子中最基本的成分，理解这一结构可以帮助我们更好地理解句子的意思。
例句3：The teacher gave the student who had been working hard a gold medal.解析：主谓宾结构是“The teacher gave a gold medal”，其中，“The teacher”是主语，“gave”是动词，“a gold medal”是宾语。
托福阅读长难句结构拆分理解技巧两则实例讲解
托福阅读长难句结构拆分理解技巧两则实例讲解（实用版）编制人：__________________审核人：__________________审批人：__________________编制单位：__________________编制时间：____年____月____日序言下载提示：该文档是本店铺精心编制而成的，希望大家下载后，能够帮助大家解决实际问题。
文档下载后可定制修改，请根据实际需要进行调整和使用，谢谢!并且，本店铺为大家提供各种类型的实用范文，如学习资料、英语资料、学生作文、教学资源、求职资料、创业资料、工作范文、条据文书、合同协议、其他范文等等，想了解不同范文格式和写法，敬请关注!Download tips: This document is carefully compiled by this editor. I hope that after you download it, it can help you solve practical problems. The document can be customized and modified after downloading, please adjust and use it according to actual needs, thank you!In addition, this shop provides various types of practical sample essays, such as learning materials, English materials, student essays, teaching resources, job search materials, entrepreneurial materials, work examples, documents, contracts, agreements, other essays, etc. Please pay attention to the different formats and writing methods of the model essay!托福阅读长难句结构拆分理解技巧两则实例讲解托福考试中，长难句经常会成为干扰大家理解题目的拦路虎，而在托福阅读中，长难句造成的问题尤为严重。
【阅读技巧】读懂托福阅读长难句 精准拆分句子结构
【阅读技巧】读懂托福阅读长难句精准拆分句子结构在托福阅读过程中，最让人揪心的莫过于时间太紧了。
但是，深究这其中的原因，我们也不难发现，在近几年的托福阅读考试中，长难句难度不断加大，而这样的情况也让考生也越来越有了时间紧迫感。
长难句之所以难的根本原因在于其句子太长，让考生感觉不知从何断句、无从下手。
那么，我们究竟应该如何应对呢托福阅读中的长难句呢?下面我们就为大家详细介绍一下吧。
虽说，托福阅读中绝大部分的题目都是从句子层面考察，即只针对文章中某一个或某几个句子而出题，只要根据题意找到对应的出题句并理解后问题就迎刃而解了。
但是很多学生在按照正确的解题方法成功地找到了题目对应的答案区间之后，却发现自己看不懂出题句，功亏一篑。
而想要成功应对长难句，最为重要的还是学会挑出主语、谓语、宾语。
举例分析：1. The topics discussed included the coordinated study of the destruction offorests, as well as how to combat forest fires and the extension of European research programs on the forest ecosystem. (Cambridge 7)分析：此句为简单句：主语+谓语+宾语。
主语为the topics, included 是谓语，discussed 是过去分词作后置定语，thecoordinated study of the destruction of forests和how to combat forest fires, theextension of European research programs on the forest ecosystem是有as well as, and连接的三个并列宾语。
2. As the experiment unfolded, the pupil would deliberately give the wronganswers to questions posed by the teacher, thereby bringing on variouselectrical punishments, even up to the danger level of 300 volts and beyond.(Cambridge 5)分析：本句为主从复合句，as引导的是时间状语从句，posed by the teacher是过去分词短语作后置定语修饰questions。
英语长难句划分标记
英语长难句划分标记
划分长难句时，我们需要注意句子结构和语法。
以下是一些常见的英语长难句划分标记：
1. 主句和从句：复杂的句子往往包含一个主句和一个或多个从句。
从句通常用于进一步解释或说明主句中的内容。
标记从句时，可以使用单词如that、which、who、whom、whose、when、where、why等。
例如：
- The book (主句) that I borrowed from the library (从句) was very interesting.
2. 并列结构：长难句中的并列结构通常由连词如and、but、or、nor、for、so等引导。
在划分时，可以将并列的短语或从句分开。
例如：
- She is not only intelligent (并列结构), but also hardworking.
3. 介词短语：介词短语可以提供进一步的细节或修饰名词、动词或形容词。
标记介词短语时，可以用方括号或大括号将其括起来。
例如：
- The man [in the blue shirt] is my brother.
4. 定语从句：定语从句用于描述或限定名词，并通常由关系代词或关系副词引导。
定语从句可以用于划分长句子的结构。
例如：
- The woman [who is wearing a red dress] is a famous actress.
以上只是一些常见的长难句划分标记，实际上，长难句的划分需要结合具体句子的结构和语法来进行。
划分长难句的目的是帮助理解句子的结构和意义，因此在学习和使用英语时，掌握划分长难句的技巧非常重要。
英语复杂句结构划分方法
复杂句子结构成分划分过关长难句分析步骤1、首先确定句子是简单句、复合句或并列句。
2、如果是简单句，首先确定主谓结构；接着确定宾语和宾语补足语（如有的话）；然后确定定语和状语等次要成分，即找出主语、谓语和宾语各自的修饰语。
按照所确定的各个成分，给出全句大意（可用翻译法）。
译文意思应当通顺，并和上下文意义基本吻合。
如意义出入较大，文理不通，则分析可能有误，这时应考虑重新进行句子结构分析。
3、如果是并列句，首先应找出并列连词并把全句分解为若干个分句；接着按照简单句的分析方法再细分各分句的内部结构和句意；然后将全句综合考虑。
4、如果是复合句，首先找出从属连词并确定出主句，这时应特别注意连词省略现象和多义连词在句中的确切含义；接着按照简单句的分析方法再细分各分句的内部结构和句意；然后确定从句的性质，即该从句在句中修饰什么词语或结构；最后整体考虑全句大意，尤其要注意对修饰语的判断是否准确。
练习（一）① We lived in the house built by my father.③ They wanted their buildings constructed in a way to look unnatural.④ Being ill, she cannot attend the meeting.⑤ Who win the game is now known.⑥ They realize that it is of great value to keep their original language.⑦ The question is why we must do it.⑧ I have no idea when he will be back.⑨ I like the noodle that my mother cooked.① Your doctor tells you that you have an incurable disease and may not have more than12 months to live.② Hawking explains both what it means to be a scientist and how science works.③ Scientists know that their job is never finished and that even the best theory can turn outto be wrong.④ The scientists test the theory to see if it matches what they have seen and if it can predictfuture events.⑤ They are never satisfied with a simple answer and are always looking for new questions.⑥ A reporter must know how to ask the right questions and how to get people to talk aboutthe topic.⑦ She is a happy girl who smiles a lot and likes to talk to her friends after school.8. She spends much of her time telling others about her disease and encouraging people tolearn how to protect themselves.9.. The scientists test the theory to see if it matches what they have seen and if it can predict the future events.10.. Their stories must be told if we want to solve difficult social problems and help thosewho suffer from them.11. New technology is being used to make sure that the cars, buses, taxis and trains that we use do not pollute the air.12. I wish that people would find out the facts and not act as if I were a bad or dangerous person.13. One of the most important things we must do is to make sure that children who are affectedby the disease receive the help and care that they need.14.When Mrs. Green , who works in a big company, got to the office yesterday morning, she saw that her boss, Mr. Foss, was dead on the floor.15.The old English teacher who retired ten years ago will give us a talk on how to study English well when he is free next week.练习（二）1. (1)Time should be made good use of _____ our lessons well.(2)Time should be spent _____ English by everybody at present.A. learningB. learnedC. to learnD. having learned3. (1)Are you talking about _____ the new school next week?(2)The person we talked about _______ our school last week.A. visitingB. will visitC. visitedD. has visited4. (1)The days we have been looking forward to ______ soon.(2)They have been looking forward to _____ to China soon.(3)These days we have been looking forward to _______ to visit you.A. comingB. will comeC. cameD. have come5.(1)_____ on the stone, you will see farther.(2)______ on the stone, and you will see farther.A. StandB. To standC. StoodD. Standing6. .(1)The question ___ now at the meeting is very important.(2)The question __ at the meeting last week is very important.(3)he question ___ tomorrow at the meeting is very important.A. discussingB. discussedC. being discussedD. to be discussed7. .(1)There ______ no bus, we had to go by bike.(2)There ______ no bus. We had to go by bike.A. wasB. BeingC. hadD. is8. _____ he has done it is surprising._____ he has done is surprising.A. WhatB. ThatC. WhetherD. If9. _____ from the hill, the park seems beautiful._____ from the hill, you’ll find the park beautiful.A. SeeB. SeenC. SeeingD. To be seen10. _____ this road, you will get there._____ this road, and you will get there.A. FollowB. To followC. FollowingD. Followed。
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最牛英语口语培训模式：躺在家里练口语，全程外教一对一，三个月畅谈无阻！洛基英语，免费体验全部在线一对一课程：/ielts/xd.html（报名网址）第三章分隔结构含有分隔结构得复杂句通常是指那些句子结构主谓、谓宾、宾补之间存在着其他成分。
而有时这些介入成分又较长，从而使本来应该紧联在一起得句子成分被分隔开了。
另外还有一种分隔结构是同位语和定语同它们所修饰得成分分隔，由于作同位语和作定语得句子太长，而后面得部分又太短，为了保证全句意思表达得完整性常常把同位语或定语放到句子最后，形成分隔得结构。
一般来说分隔结构本身不难辨认，但当句子较长，成分较多，被分隔得部分又相距较远时就容易造成理解障碍，而且常常被分隔得成分又恰恰是句子得主干。
因此准确判断分隔结构，理顺句子主干就成了理解这类句子得关键。
Exercise:We live in a time when, more than ever before in history, people are moving about. Evening had now come, the last of Adolf Hitler’s life.Several neighbors hope to find safety in the only bomb shelter on their street when an announcement comes over the radio that enemy missiles are approaching.要点分析和参考译文要点：定语从句“people are moving about”被比较状语“more than ever before in history”分隔。
此现象为“分隔定语”参考译文：我们生活在一个四处奔波甚于历史上任何时期得时代。
要点：the last of Adolf Hitler’s life 作为evening得同位语，因为比较长而放在了句子后面，使句子平衡。
参考译文：夜晚已经来临，这是阿道夫希特勒生命中最后的一个夜晚。
要点：when引导的时间状语从句的主语an announcement后带有一个that 引导的同位语从句（that enemy missiles are approaching），说明其内容，因为谓语部分太短，所以将同位语从句置于其后，以保持句子平衡。
参考译文：当广播里传出敌方导弹正在接近，几个邻居都希望在街道的唯一的一个防空洞中寻求完全。
ExerciseIt’s an activity you turn to for pleasure, not something that you have to do, like helping with the dishes.While I was waiting to enter university, I saw advertised in a local newspaper a teaching post at a school in a suburb of London about ten miles from where I lived.I launched into a variation of the speech I had made for years, about how excessivetax rates can take away the incentive to produce, and how cutting taxes can generate growth.要点分析和参考译文要点：“an activity”及”not something”在句中作并列表语。
介词短语”like helping…”与“that”从句共同作定语，修饰”something”，此定语被that ”从句分割”。
参考译文：这是一种使你寻求快乐的活动，而不是诸如帮助刷盘子那种你非做不可的事情。
要点：此句的宾语” a teaching post”之所以放在”in a local newspaper”之后是因为它带有较长的后置定语，其目的是为了避免句子“头重脚轻”。
参考译文：在我等待进入大学期间，我在一份地方报纸上看到一则广告，说是在离我住处大约10英里的伦敦某郊区有所学校要招聘一名教师。
要点：the speech本应紧连着介词about的短语，即the speech about how…and how…，但由于定语从句I had made for years 与speech在意义连接上更为密切，所以把speech和about短语分隔开了。
介词about后面跟的是两个并列的介词宾语从句”how excessive tax rates can take away……”和”how cutting taxes can generate……”参考译文：我发表了一篇内容与几年前不同的讲话，谈的是税率过高会使生产失去刺激以及减税会使经济得到增长。
ExerciseI plan to see her soon in England, though not, she reminded me, again at 10 Downing Street.The cessation of the employment of extraordinary means to prolong the life of the body when there is irrefutable evidence that biological death is imminent is the decision of the patient and/or her immediate family.With rock,illusion of shared feelings, bodily contact and grunted formulas, which are supposed to contain so much meaning beyond the speech, are the basis of association.要点：让步状语though not again at 10 Downing Street 被插入语she reminded me 所分隔。
而且该让步状语是一个省略的结构，全句应为though（it will）not（be）again at 10 Downing Street. 还应看出让步状语所转达的意思正是插入语的宾语所要转达的意思。
she reminded me （it will not be again at 10 Downing Street）。
省略和插入的使用使全句的意思得以很好地衔接连贯、结构紧凑，无多余的成分。
参考译文：我打算不久和她在英国见面，不过她提醒我地点不再是唐宁街十号了。
要点：此句话的主谓被很长一段定语成分所分隔，句子主干应是“The cessation...is the decision of the patient and/or her immediate family”，由于主干中的is前没有逗号分开，而且前面又出现了一个is imminent，还由于同主语The cessation拉开的距离太远，所以不容易很快找到。
When前面的部分如果不注意很容易错误地理解为一个句子，即“The cessation...means to prolong the life of body.”实际上means 是个名词，意为“方法，手段”，不是动词“意味着”。
而且means前面有个形容词extraordinary作定语，不可能是动词，尽管意思上说得通。
when引导的状语从句里带了一个定语从句that biological death is imminent，它们一起插入了主语和谓语之间。
把means错当动词和状语带定语的插入使得整句的结构复杂化了，致使主干句的主谓不容易看出来。
参考译文：在有不可反驳的证据表明病人即将进入生理死亡时，停止采取非常措施来延长其生命应该由病人和（或）其直系亲属来作出决定。
要点：主干结构应是illusions...,...contact and ... formulas are the basis of association,但实际上这个主谓结构被一个长定语which are supposed ...beyond the speech 所分隔。
定语which are supposed to contain so much meaning beyond the speech 所限定的词应该是illusions...contact and ... formulas 三个部分，而不是某一个词。
参考译文：有摇滚乐的伴随、共同情感的幻觉、身体的接触及惯用的嘟囔话语---这一切包含着许多语言之外的意义，构成了人们相互交往的基础ExerciseBut the invalid（病弱的人）who, forgetful of self, takes a strenuous（热烈的）and indestructible（顽强的）interest in everything and everybody, as she did, and to whom a dull moment is an unknown thing, is a formidable（难对付的）adversary（敌手）for disease.Although her characters were portrayed in many settings and situations, they all reflected, by the often tragic outcome of their lives, her profound conviction that no human could be happy if that happiness was rooted in the wretchedness of another. The described dichotomy is clearly part of a much wider one:civilization fall apart yet their component societies live on; societies disintegrate but their citizens survive; individuals die while their cells, perversely, still metabolize; finally, cells can be disrupted yet the enzymes they release may, for a while, remain active.（看上去很长，其实结构要比前面两句简单些哦）要点：此句由于表达的意思层次多，含义覆盖面大，因此结构比较复杂，但仍能找出主干结构。