土木工程专业英语(第二版-段兵延)第11课

对于小型工程，就宁可选择地面制图方法。
Financing considerations determine whether the project can be carried out at one time or whether construction must be in stages, with each stage initiated as funds become available.
difficult but is a most important phase of highway engineering.
从公路建设中获取不同利益的评价通常是公路工程中很 难但又是最重要的一个阶段。
Some benefits can be measured with accuracy, but the evaluation of others is more speculative.
Lesson 11 Highway Engineering 公路工程
New words and phrases:
abutting specdlative traverse benefit recreational logically gradation expressway compact accommodate frequency caliche oyster bituminous catchbasin adverse precipitation photogrammetric outlet barrier pneunatic-tired roller 汽胎压路机 public utilities 公共设施
修建公路对环境的影响已经受到了越来越多的注意和重视。
Many projects have been delayed and numerous others canceled because of environmental problems.
许多工程已经被推迟，其他的很多已经被取消，就是因为 环境问题。
calcium chloride 氯化钙
guard rail 护栏，护轨
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1
Words
1. abutting 毗连的，邻接的
如：abutting building 毗连建筑物 abutting joint 对接, 毗连接头 abutting lot 相邻地段 10. accommodate 供应，提供，容纳，适应 如：accommodate oneself to 使自己适应于 accommodate oneself to new conditions 适应新的情况 accommodate sb. with 向某人提供 16. adverse 相反的，不利的，敌对的，逆的 如：adverse altitude (跳伞)不利高度 adverse circumstances 逆境 adverse conditions 不利条件， 有害状态 adverse current 逆流
重要的公路和街道在不同程度上对三组人群有利：使用者、 邻近房产的所有者、以及全体公众。
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6
Highway Engineering
Users of improved highways benefit from decreased cost of transportation, greater travel comfort, increased safety, and saving of time.
为了确定交通需要，公路工程师收集和分析关于已有设施 的物理特征，当前的交通量、交通分布和交通特性，以及在这 些因素上要做的变化等信息。
The highway engineer must determine the most suitable location, layout, and capacity of the new routes and structures.
公路工程师必须确定最合适的位置、布局和新线新结构的 通行能力。
Frequently, a preliminary line, or location, and several alternate routes are studied.
通常，要仔细考虑初步的线形，或定位，以及几条可选择 的路线。
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在选择最佳线路时，要仔细考虑交通需求、要经过的地形、 道路用地所需土地的价值、以及不同方案的预估施工造价。
The photogrammetric method, which makes use of aerial photographs, is used extensively to indicate the character of the terrain on large projects, where it is most economical.
资金方面的考虑决定着工程是否能一次实施或者必须分阶 段施工，每个阶段都只有当可以获得资金的时候才开工。
In deciding the best method of financing the work, the engineer makes an analysis of whom it will benefit.
Before the design and construction of a new highway or highway improvement can be undertaken, there must be general planning and consideration of financing.
一些利益能够精确地推测出来，而另一些就显得更投机 了。
As a result numerous methods are used to finance construction, and much engineering work may be involved in selecting the best procedure.
作为总体规划的一部分，要决定：在相当长的时期内， 通常是20年，该区域的交通需要；以及哪种施工可以满足这 些需要。
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3
Highway Engineering
To assess traffic needs the highway engineer collects and analyzes information about the physical features of existing facilities, the volume, distribution, and character of present traffic, and the changes to be expected in these factors.
改善了的公路的使用者从减少的运输成本、更舒适的旅行、 增加的安全感、和节约时间中得到好处。
They also obtain recreational and educational benefits.
他们还可以获得消遣和教育的好处。
Owners of abutting or adjacent property may benefit from better access, increased property value, more effective police and fire protection, improved street parking, greater pedestrian traffic safety, and the use of the street right-of-way for the location of public utilities, such as water lines and sewers.
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2
Highway Engineering
Highway engineering includes highway planning, location, design, and maintenance.
公路工程包括公路规划、定位、设计和维修。
环境研究或报告包括了许多因素：噪音的产生、空气污染、 对被穿过区域的干扰、原有房屋的毁坏、和可能供选择的线路。
邻近房产的所有者可以从更好的接近机会、增加的房价、 更高效的治安和防火、改善的街道草坪、更安全的行人交通、 和公众设施位置街道优先权的使用，比如水管和污水管这些方 面获得利益。
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Highway Engineering
Evaluation of various benefits from highway construction is often
4
Highway Engineering
The detailed design is normally begun only when the preferred location has been chosen.
按惯例，只有当更好的线位被选择以后，才开始详细设计。
In selecting the best route, careful consideration is given to the traffic requirements, terrain to be traversed, value of land needed for the right-ofway, and estimated cost of construction for the various plans.
在确定为工程集资的最好的方法的过程中，工程师要分析 工程将对谁有利。
Important highways and streets benefit, in varying degrees, three groups: users, owners of adjacent property, and the general public.
ຫໍສະໝຸດ Baidu
结果，许多的方法就被用来为建设集资，很多的工程项 目可能就牵涉到选择最佳做法。
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Environmental evaluation 环境评价
The environmental impact of constructing highways has received increased attention and importance.
在着手做一条新建公路或改建公路的设计和施工之前， 必须做总体规划和资金考虑。
As part of general planning, it is decided what the traffic needs of the area will be for a considerable period, generally 20 years, and what construction will meet those needs.
利用航空拍摄技术的摄影制图方法被广泛地利用起来显示 大型工程的地形特征，在大型工程中采用这种方法是最经济的。
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Highway Engineering
On small projects, ground-mapping methods are preferred.
The environmental study or report covers many factors, including noise generation, air pollution, disturbance of areas traversed, destruction of
existing housing, and possible alternate routes.