桥式起重机论文_大学论文

本科毕业设计

题目：16/3t桥式起重机结构及运行机构设计

学院: 机械自动化

专业: 机械工程及其自动化

学号: 200603130212

学生姓名: 陈旭

指导教师: 龙靖宇

日期: 2010.6

摘要

本次毕业设计是针对毕业实习中桥式起重机所做的具体到吨位级别的设计。随着我国制造业的发展，桥式起重机越来越多的应用到工业生产当中。在工厂中搬运重物，机床上下件，装运工作吊装零部件，流水线上的定点工作等都要用到起重机。起重机中种数量最多，在大小工厂之中均有应用的就是小吨位的起重机，小吨位的桥式起重机广泛的用于轻量工件的吊运，在我国机械工业中占有十分重要的地位。但是，我国现在应用的各大起重机还是仿造国外落后技术制造出来的，而且已经在工厂内应用了多年，有些甚至还是七八十年代的产品，无论在质量上还是在功能上都满足不了日益增长的工业需求。如何设计使其成本最低化，布置合理化，功能现代化是我们研究的课题。本次设计就是对小吨位的桥式起重机进行设计，主要设计内容是16/3t桥式起重机的结构及运行机构，其中包括桥架结构的布置计算及校核，主梁结构的计算及校核，端梁结构的计算及校核，主端梁连接以及大车运行机构零部件的选择及校核。

关键词：起重机；大车运行机构；桥架；主端梁；小吨位

ABSTRACT

The graduation project is a bridge crane for the graduation field work done by the tonnage level specific to the design. As China's manufacturing industry, more and more applications crane to which industrial production. Carry a heavy load in the factory, machine parts up and down, the work of lifting parts of shipment, assembly line work should be fixed on the crane is used. The largest number of species of cranes, both in the size of the factory into the application is small tonnage cranes, bridge cranes small tonnage of lightweight parts for a wide range of lifting, in China's machinery industry plays a very important position. However, our current application, or copy large crane behind the technology produced abroad, and has been applied in the factory for many years, and some 70 to 80 years of products, both in quality or functionality are not growing to meet the industrial demand. How to design it the lowest cost, rationalize the layout, function modernization is the subject of our study. This design is for small tonnage bridge crane design, the main design elements are 16/3t crane structure and operation of institutions, including the bridge structure, calculation and checking the layout, the main beam structure calculation and checking , end beams calculation and checking, the main end beam connect and run the cart and checking body parts of choice.

Keywords:Crane；The moving mainframe；Bridge；Main beam and end beam；Small tonnage

目录

1 绪论 (1)

1.1 桥式起重机的介绍 (1)

1.2 桥式起重机设计的总体方案 (1)

1.2.1主梁和桥架的设计 (1)

1.2.2端梁的设计 (1)

2 大车运行机构的设计 (2)

2.1 设计的基本原则和要求 (2)

2.1.1机构传动方案 (2)

2.1.2大车运行机构具体布置的主要问题 (2)

2.2 大车运行机构的计算 (3)

2.2.1确定机构传动方案 (3)

2.2.2大车车轮与轨道的选择及其强度校核 (3)

2.2.3运行阻力运算 (5)

2.2.4选择电动机 (6)

2.2.5验算电动机的发热条件 (6)

2.2.6减速器的选择 (6)

2.2.7验算运行速度和实际所需功率 (7)

2.2.8验算起动时间 (7)

2.2.9起动工况下校核减速器功率 (8)

2.2.10验算启动不打滑条件 (8)

2.2.11选择制动器 (10)

2.2.12选择联轴器 (11)

2.2.13浮动轴的验算 (11)

2.2.14缓冲器的选择 (12)

3 桥架结构的计算 (14)

3.1 主要尺寸的确定 (14)

3.1.1大车轮距 (14)

3.1.2主梁高度 (14)

3.1.3端梁高度 (14)

3.1.4桥架端部梯形高度 (14)

3.1.5主梁腹板高度 (15)

3.1.6确定主梁截面尺寸 (15)