自考外刊经贸知识选读复习资料(1)教学总结

自考“外刊经贸知识选读”复习资料（1）

第一章

一、术语

制成品 manufactured goods 资本货物 capital goods 国际收支 balance of payments 经常项目 current account 有形贸易项目 visible trade account 无形贸易项目invisible trade account 贸易顺差 trade surplus 贸易逆差 trade deficit

易货贸易 barter 补偿贸易 compensation trade 反向贸易 counter-trade 组装生产assembly manufacturing 工商统一税 industrial and commercial consolidated tax 合资企业 joint venture 延期付款 deferred payment 买方信贷 buyer credit 卖方信贷supplier credit 软贷款（低息贷款） soft loan 最惠国待遇 MFN treatment （Most Favored nation treatment）

永久性正常贸易关系 PNTR（Permanent Normal Trading Relations）国民收入 NI （National Income）国民生产总值 GNP（Gross National Product）国内生产总值 GDP （Gross Domestic Product）国际复兴和开发银行 IBRD（International Bank for Reconstruction and Development）国际开发协会 IDA（International Development Association）国际金融公司 IFC（International Finance Comporation）经济合作和发展组织 OECD（Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development）

国际清算银行 BIS（Bank for International Settlement）欧洲经济共同体 EEC （European Economic Community）欧洲联盟 EU（European Union）外商直接投资 FDI （Foreign Direct Investment）

二、词语释义：

substantially ： dramatically， significantly， considerably

subsequently： afterwards

exacerbate： deteriorate， worsen； aggravate； make worse

withdraw： cancellation

theme： principle

in return for： in exchange for

disrupt： interrupt

destined： designed

pronounced： marked

in the wake of： following； after with

undue： too much； unbearable

reverse： change to the opposite

buoyant： brisk

outcome： result

boost： stimulate； promote； develop

recover： rebound

facilitate： make easy

run-down： reduction

mount exhibitions： hold exhibitions

insofar as： to the extent

bottlenecks： obstacles

三、句子翻译

1. During the 1950s China exported agricultural products to the USSR and East European countries in return for manufactured goods and the capital equipment required for the country‘s industrialization programme which placed emphasis on the development of heavy industry.

20世纪50年代，中国向前苏联和东欧各国出口农产品以换取制成品和国家的工业化计划所要求的资本设备，而国家的工业化计划则强调重工业的发展。

2. The growth of foreign trade was distrupted again during the Cultural Revolution when agricultural and industrial production fell sharply and transportation constraints became more serious.

在文化大革命期间，外贸的增长又一次被打断了。当时农业和工业生产急剧下降，运输管制变的更严重。

3. Exports grew much faster than imports during this period not only because of the strong emphasis placed on exporting by China‘s economic planners， but also because a number of industrial projects were postponed in 1979. Official recognition that foreign technology could play a major role in modernizing the Chinese economy