读写任务之说明文概括

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读写任务概括方法与练习

读写任务的概括PartⅠ基本步骤方法和技巧第一，阅读全文，了解文章大意，理解作者的写作意图和主要观点。

1.通读全文，了解文章的体裁。

因为不同的体裁，概括文章大意的方法不相同，那么我们在概括主要内容时要注意的内容也不相同。

读写任务所给材料，通常是记叙文、议论文和说明文，以议论文和记叙文为主。

2.注意文章的写作结构。

英语文章的结构不像中文文章结构那么多种多样，英语的文章普遍以固定的几种形式叙述所要表达的内容。

如议论文多用比较来论述某个观点，历史故事文则多用叙述的方式。

因此平时熟悉一些篇章结构，阅读文章时就可以先看文章的标题、语篇标记、关键句等来识别文章的篇章结构类型，然后找出文章的框架，通过段落间的逻辑关系，了解文章的大意。

3．注意审题，看准要求是对整篇文章进行概括还是就某部份内容进行概括。

是以读者的身份进行概括，还是以当事人的身份进行概括，这决定着我们要以什么样的人称来写。

第二，正确找出文章的主旨大意。

1.一定要注意文章是否有题目，因为一篇文章的题目就是对整篇文章中心内容的最简练的归纳，是文章的精华、中心。

2.阅读完后用一句话写出文章的主旨大意。

这里我们要注意文章里一些概括性句子。

每篇文章都有其写作意图，在文章中，尤其在第一段或最后一段，作者都会对其进行总结，所以我们要注意段落里一些起概括性句子（主题句）。

文章的主题句往往出现在首段或末段，或各个段落的首句末句，然具体情况却不能一概而论。

以下是常见文体的主题句及主要内容的概括的方法和技巧。

▲▲（1）记叙文(Narration)：找出时间(when),地点(where),什么人(who)，做了什么事(what),结果怎么样(how)等五要素。

其中,最重要的要点是某人(who)做了何事(what)。

若是夹叙夹议的文章,还要加上作者的看法、观点、经验或感悟。

①叙事性的记叙文(Narration)。

叙事性的记叙文的主要内容的概括主要抓住记叙文的几个要素：时间、地点、人物、事件和影响或后果。

读写任务概括.

作文专讲作文是英语学习中的重点, 也是难点。

要想写出流畅的作文, 必须多欣赏优秀范文,熟悉文章体裁,了解文章框架,形成写作套路,积累精美语言。

只有记诵一定量的优秀范文, 才能保证写作的流畅输出! 同学们要注重错句改正及优秀句子的积累, 注重优秀范文的背诵和写作, 大家一定要积极参与其中, 不断提高自身对英语的感悟能力和使用能力! 要写出好的作文, 平时必须多看范文, 多分析范文。

积累有用的词汇、词组和句型。

每次作文评改后发回来,要及时改正所犯的错误, 以后不要再犯同样的错误。

好的作文必须经过千锤百炼, 多练习多归纳多进步!“ 读写任务” 的写作过程:1把握阅读材料的结构、思路、观点与意图;2概括阅读材料的观点(论证过程3在“ 写作内容” 的引导下写作。

在写概括的时候 , 不能添加自己的见解, 但是要用自己的语言概括。

要做到开门见山,语言简洁 .如果给的阅读材料是一个故事, 应该用最简练的语言来说明故事讲述了什么, 不能拖泥带水,而且要看原文是否有讲述该故事给你的启示或其中的一个道理。

如果是说明性或描述性短文 , 你就必须用概括的文字来说明某种现象。

如果是议论文的阅读短文 , 则要尽可能客观简要地转述阅读材料的观点。

在议论部分 ,第一段开头语:1 According to the passage, we know…2 This article is mainly about…3 The writer states that…4 The passage tells us that…第二段 :过渡词引出主题句 ---自己的观点 ---理由• 开头用语:• I do agree with the author…• In some way, I agree with …, but…• This opinion sounds right but is hardly practical.• It is definitely not like that. As a matter of fact, …• From my personal angle alone…• In my opinion,…• From my personal point of view…• As far as I’m concerned…第三段 [最后一段 ] : 总结句开头用语:• In conclusion,…• In short,…• To make a long story short,…• In general,…• In a word,…• In belief,…• On the whole,…• All in all,…练习如何写概括:1.记叙文A boy once stole a girl’s bicycle. He took the stolen bicycle home to his mother. The boy's mother did not punish him. Instead, she told her son that he was clever for doing so. Soon after, the boy stole a loaf of bread and brought it home. His mother thanked her son saving her money. When the boy grew up, stealing had become his habit. He often stole things he didn't even want. Then, one day, the man got caught and was going to be killed. The man's mother went to see her son in prison. "Why have you done these tings?" his mother asked. "Lean closer to me and I'll tell you," replied her son. But when his mother leaned closer her son, he bit off her ear. "I've always done these things, mother," said the man. "But you never told me they were wrong."____________________________________________________________________ _ _____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________2. 议论文Some people think studying under pressure keeps us motivated. Maybe a little pressure does good to us, but too much pressure is not favorable to students. Scientific studies show people studying under too much pressure generally don't perform as well as they do when they are not under extreme pressure. Psychologically, too much pressure can lead to mental problems or disorders. In recent years, there has been an increase in stress-related diseases among college and high-school students. A newspaper article says many students admit that they have cheated in exams because of excessive pressurecoming from their parents and teachers who demand high marks in their examination. So, appropriate pressure is acceptable, or we will face a terrible situation.To think:1. Which sentence is the topic sentence?2. Which sentences are the supporting sentences?3. Which sentence is the concluding sentence?____________________________________________________________________ _ _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _ _____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________3. 说明文Transportation has been developing rapidly in recent years, especially in large cities. However, it must be admitted that, along with the benefits of the rapid development of urban traffic, there have come certain problems. One of the biggest problems is traffic jams in some heavily-populated cities. It has become common to see passengers and drivers having to wait in long lines and buses and cars m oving at a snail’s pace on the streets during the rush hours.There are several reasons for this problem. First, the number of vehicles is increasing much more rapidly than the building of roads. No sooner has a new road been completed and opened public traffic than it is crowded with all kinds of vehicles. Second, there seem to be too many private cars and not enough public buses. In most cases, a car carries only one or two people, while it occupies almost half the space a bus does. Third, many people, including drivers, pedestrians and cyclists do not obey traffic rules properly, especially at busy hours. And this undoubtedly worsens the already serious situation.____________________________________________________________________ _ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________读写任务 (共 l 小题,满分 25分阅读下面的新闻报道,然后按照要求写一篇 150词左右的英语短文。

读写任务说明文2

every day. (高级句子)
(4)A: Students should respect their teachers. (一般句子)
B: —→Students
are supposed to show respect for
their
teachers. (高级句子) (5)A: She used her time fully to study Physics. (一般句子) B: —→She made good use of her time (高级句子) (6)A: He is busy with a translation of a French novel. (一般句子) to study Physics.
simulated family, and fights will break out, jobs will be lost,
and the house will fall apart. With The Sims, you can create whatever and whomever you desire. Triumph or tragedy? You name it. In your real life, it is the same case.
are much richer now. Now it has a new look. (一般句子) B: —→Our village used to be very poor before. Most
children couldn’t afford to go to school. However, since the
open policy people are living a much richer life it is taking on a new look . (高级句子) now. Now

读写任务(议论文)概括

概括指导论点+论据1+论据2 论点： I like watching TV very much, for I
think it has many advantages
论证1：First of all, watching TV is a way to help
us relax.
论证2：Most importantly, watching TV is
Most importantly, watching TV is educational. We can learn all kinds of subjects through educational programs and special reports on TV. For example, it`s easy for us to learn Chinese from a Chinese teacher in Beijing and to learn Russian from a Russian teacher in Moscow. TV can even teach us good manners, how to cook, what to wear, and so
(范文1) The passage tries to tell us that getting up early in the morning is a good habit that will benefit us a lot, including a better memory, healthier body and better preparation for the day.
educational.
用同义词或短语转换
原文：a way to help us relax. 短语：a good way to relax ourselves

中考现代文阅读之说明文考点一：信息提取与概括

中考现代文阅读之说明文考点一：信息提取与概括一、概括文章内容答题方法：①抓关键段。

（总括段，总结段，承上启下段）②抓关键句。

（中心句，段首总起句，段尾总结句，段中过渡句，设问句）③组织语言表达，抓规范答题。

（逐段概括，合并归纳）二、概括段落内容答题方法：①抓中心句，直接概括。

（总起句，总结句，过渡句）②分析文段层次，抓语言标志。

（关联词，指代词，顺序词，特殊标点符号）③组织语言表达，抓规范答题。

（准确，全面，简洁）三、筛选提炼信息答题方法：①审题干要求，锁定有效文段。

②根据疑问词，锁定有效词句。

③组织语言表达。

（准确，全面）四、辨析信息正误（选择题）常见设错类型：①偷换概念。

②表述夸大或缩小。

③混淆或然、必然。

④混淆已然、未然。

⑤以偏概全。

⑥因果颠倒。

⑦张冠李戴。

⑧误划类别。

⑨无中生有。

答题步骤：①对照选项，寻找相关语句。

②比较选项与原文意思是否一致。

③判断选择。

例题：1、(统编八上《苏州园林》“思考探究一”课文）中哪一句话最能说明苏州园林的整体特征？作者是从哪几个方面来具体展开说明的？课文从游览者的角度来概括苏州园林的特点：“务必使游览者无论站在哪个点上，眼前总是一幅完美的图画。

”课文主体部分先从亭台轩谢的布局、假山池沼的配合、花草树木的映衬、近景远景的层次四个主要方来说明苏州园林的特点，又补充说明了苏州园林每一个角落的构图美，门窗的图案美，建筑的色彩美，这些都与前边的总括句密切相关。

2、(统编八下《大自然的语言》“思考探究一”）本文题为《大自然的语言》，主要是讲物候现象，你能概括一下“物候”是什么吗？草木荣枯，候鸟去来等自然现象，我国古代劳动人民称它为物候。

高中读写任务之概括

读写任务写作是具有一定开放性的写作命题分为三步走，即：“概括摘要+ 任务过渡+要点拓展”选材内容：考生熟悉或比较熟悉的题材,以议论文或记叙文为主。

读写任务写作必须注意：1．首段(main idea)：用一两句话概述原文内容要点，约30个词；(三、四行)2．主体(要点)：依据材料陈述自我观点并加以例证来验证；（2,3,4自然段）广东高考英语读写任务01——概括一、记叙文的概括——串联要素法记叙文的概要, 一般包括记叙文的六个要素(who; when; where; what; how; why), 也就是考生应先通读阅读短文，找出这六个要素,然后用自己的话将这六个要素串成一两句话即可。

1. 谁做了什么？(who did what)2. 结果如何？(what was the result)，若是夹叙夹议的文章, 还要加上这个故事给人们的启示或教育。

Passage 01Jackie is perhaps the most easily annoyed koala（考拉）at the Feather dale Wildlife Park in southern Australia. All the koalas there are unhappy and complaining. You would be too if you were used to night activities and someone kept waking you up all day while you were trying to sleep it off. That’s right—sleep it off. The average koala is always half asleep because it feeds on the leaves of a special kind that makes it sleepy.The reason why Jackie and her fellow koalas are repeatedly awoken from their deep sleep is that they can be hugged and photographed by tourists, who make the trips to Feather dale and an increasing number of other national parks for just that special experience. Whatever department in the Aussie government in charge of such things is now moving to make the practice illegal，which is understandable. How would you react, my friend, if you were trying to sleep off a dozen times and some round，furry creature smelling of grass kept waking you?要点：1.who?______________________________________________2. What happened to them?______________________________________________3. Result ?______________________________________________4. Why ?______________________________________________5. Meaning or purpose?____________________________整合所有信息、改写：1.Someone kept waking them.__________________________________________2.The reason why ... is that they can be hugged and photograph by tourists.__________________________________________3.ask us to think and do as animals__________________________________________Summary:：________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Passage 02When Sam first got to his boarding school with his parents, he was very happy. He thought he would be able to go home every weekend. When he was told he would not, he started crying because the thought of not seeing his parents was driving him crazy.He was given uniforms and all other things that he would need for the term. He started crying when it was time for his parents to leave. He was then taken to the dorm, where he saw other children happy. He tried as much as he could to fit in but could not because his mind was at home. He started feeling homesick (想家) and wanted to go homes as soon as possible.He got sick soon because he could not eat the school food. He could not concentrate in the classroom. All he could think was being at home with his family. He had no mobile phone or other means to get in touch with his parents. He was angry and felt lonely. He thought his parents hated him and that was why they left him in a boarding school.要点：1.who?___________________________________________2. What happened to them?______________________________________________3. Result ?______________________________________________4. Why ?______________________________________________5. Meaning or purpose?______________________________________________Summary:：________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________二、议论文的概括——议论文通常包括论点、论据和结论, 因此写议论文的概要主要是找出主题句(the topic sentences)、支撑句(supporting sentences)和结论句(conclusionsentences)。

读写任务各种文体概括z1

>> Kate suggested that Paul should eat less salt. But Paul disagreed. He said that food without salt would be tasteless.
Skill 5: Put the main points of a dialogue in indirect speech.
Why is work good for health? It is because work keeps people busy, away from loneliness. Researches show that people feel unhappy, worried and lonely when they have nothing to do. Instead, the happiest are those who are busy. Work serves as a bridge between man and reality. By work, people come into contact with each other. By collective activities, they find friendship and warmth. This is helpful to health. The loss of work means the loss of everything. It affects man spiritually and makes him likely to disease.
2020/12/26
2020/12/26
2020/12/26
Summary: The Clark family, who were unlucky to miss boarding Titanic because one son was bitten by a dog, were fortunately saved. This story is about a tragedy turning into a blessing. （31 words)

读写任务作文之如何写概括

读写任务作文之如何写概括“读写任务”其实是“读”和“写”的有机结合，“读”的材料是为了后面的“写”提供情景，同样，“写”也是对“读”的材料的思考和延伸。

概括的标准：抛弃次要，瞄准写作目的。

概括的步骤：1.确定主题句。

2.寻找关键词。

3.重构主题句。

4.重组支撑句。

概括的形式：主题句+支撑句议论文：文章论点（一句）+文章论据（两三句）记叙文：故事的写作目的\主题（一句）+故事大意（两三句）说明文：说明的对象\观点\现象+解释\分述评分细则：1.完全糊涂地照抄原文，连人称都不改的，0分。

2.机械死板地照抄原文，只改人称的，1分。

3.稍微灵活地抄原文，改主语、宾语、原文词序的，2分。

4.创造性地抄，改主语、宾语、原文词序还有句子结构的，3分。

5.结构、用词、词性变化比较好的，4-5分。

概括的具体写法1.定时态。

2.定人称。

3.定技巧。

Skill 1: Omit the details.Skill 2: Omit the repetitions.Skill 3: Omit the examples.Skill 4: Use general words instead of specific words.Skill 5: Put the main points of a dialogue in indirect speech.She brought home several Chinese and English novels, a few copies of Time and Newsweek and some textbooks. She brought home a lot of books to read during the vacation.概括为：She brought home a lot of books to read during the vacation.His courage in battle might without exaggeration be called lion-like.概括为：He was very brave in battle.He was hard up for money and was being pressed by his creditor.概括为：He was in financial difficulties.概括中常用的句式或模板1.议论文The essay\passage\author highlights the importance of encouragement for students.The essay\passage\author discusses the impact of email.The essay\passage\author compares friendship with the comfort of home.The essay\passage\author outlines the harmful effects of smoking.The essay\passage\author argues in support of..., stating that...The passage highlights the importance...2.记叙文点明写作目的：The writer tells us...（主题）by showing us an example of..., who\which...（故事情节）作者经历类：In the passage, the writer mainly tells us his experience of doing sth., which...他人经历类：This passage is mainly about sb’s experience of doing sth...The passage is a story about...3.说明文现象揭示类：This article points out the common phenomenon...（主题）, which...（补充解释）利弊对比类：The article compares the disadvantages\benefits of A and B. A...while B...研究显示类：The study reveals that...4.通用型According to the passage, we know...This article is mainly about...As can be learnt form the passage, ...。

说明文的概括方法

说明文的概括方法说明文的概括方法说明文是中考现代文阅读必考部分，这部分的答题是极具规律性的，也是非常容易拿分的一部分。

今天小编为大家准备了说明文的概括方法，欢迎阅读！说明文的概括方法●如何快速、准确判断说明对象，并概括其特征1、明确说明对象：说明对象就是文章要说明的某个事物，要解释的某种现象，要阐述的某种道理。

2、快速判定说明对象的方法：①看题目，不少题目本身就是本文的说明对象。

如《中国石拱桥》、《看云识天气》等；②抓首括句和中心句。

说明文往往运用这种句子来突出所要说明的事物和特征；③根据文章内容概括。

3、概括说明对象特征的方法：①从标题着眼。

有的标题直接指出说明对象的特征；有的标题由生动形象的比喻、拟人的修辞手法说明事物的特征；有的标题在指出说明对象的同时也指出其特征；有的标题用设问句的形式，引导读者有针对性地把握说明对象的特征。

②从分析材料入手，注意抓文章中的关键句、中心句。

如：《中国石拱桥》一文中“这种桥不但形式优美，而且结构坚固”和“我国的石拱桥有悠久的历史”两句，就点明了中国石拱桥等特点：形式优美、结构坚固、历史悠久。

③借助说明内容，概括说明对象的特征。

如：“永定河发水时，来势很猛，以前两岸河堤常被冲毁，但是这座桥却极少出事，足见它的坚固。

桥面用石板铺砌，两旁有石栏石柱。

每个柱头上都雕刻着不同姿态的狮子。

这些石刻狮子，有的母子相抱，有的交头接耳，有的像倾听水声，有的像注视行人，千态万状，惟妙惟肖。

”这段文字没有关键句，但用了作比较的说明方法和形象生动的描写。

例如：拿两岸的河堤常常被冲毁与这座桥从没出过事作比较，是为了说明卢沟桥“结构坚固”的特点；用排比、拟人的修辞手法描写柱头上石刻狮子的情态，是为了说明卢沟桥“形式优美”的特点。

●如何判断说明顺序要想准确把握说明顺序很简单，只要明确各种说明顺序适合哪类说明文就能很容易判断出来。

常见说明顺序有：时间顺序、空间顺序、逻辑顺序。

时间顺序：凡是事物的发展变化都离不开时间，如说明生产技术、产品制作、工作方法、历史发展、文字演变、人物成长、动植物生长等等，都应以时间为序；空间顺序：按照事物空间存在形式，由内到外、由下到上、由前到后、由远到近等依次进行说明，一般适用于说明某一静态实体（如建筑物）、事物的形状、构造特征等；如《故宫博物院》、《核舟记》都运用的是空间顺序。

中考语文阅读复习：说明文概括中心思想篇

2019年中考语文阅读复习：说明文概括中心思想篇2019年中考语文文段阅读复习：说明文概括中心思想篇【知识导学】说明文的中心思想是由说明内容所体现出来的，是说明文阅读的关键。

但说明文的中心思想不同于记叙文的中心思想，记叙文的中心思想是文章透露出来的思想感情或人生态度，而说明文的中心思想却是说明的主要内容。

当然，说明内容中也包含着作者的态度倾向，如《苏州园林》的中心应概括为四个“讲究”——“讲究亭台轩榭的布局”“讲究假山池沼的配合”“讲究花草树木的映衬”“讲究近景远景的层次”，其中流露出叶圣陶先生对苏州园林建造艺术的赞美之情。

那么，如何分析和概括一篇说明文的中心思想呢？我们不妨采用逐步质疑的方法，准确地抓住关键性语句，然后进行概括。

以《故宫博物院》为例，让我们一起来学习这种方法——三步质疑法：一问“全文围绕什么事物或事理来进行说明？”二问“从哪些方面对该事物或事理进行说明？”三问“说明了这些事物或事理的什么特征？”在读文章的过程中依次思考上面的三个问题，逐一找到最佳答案，再把这些答案按照合理的顺序组织起来，这篇说明文的中心思想就明确了。

在《故宫博物院》一文中三个问题的答案依次是“全文围绕故宫博物院来进行说明”“从故宫博物院的位置、历史沿革、整体布局、功用等方面进行说明”“说明了故宫建筑群‘规模宏大壮丽，建筑精美，布局统一，集中体现了我国古代建筑艺术的独特风格’的特点”。

其中“故宫建筑群规模宏大壮丽，建筑精美，布局统一，集中体现了我国古代建筑艺术的独特风格”是文章的中心句，涵盖了其他两个问题的答案，自然就是全文的中心。

实际上，说明文的中心思想就是说明对象的特征，只要明确了说明对象以及说明内容，再明确说明的顺序（层次），说明对象的特征就非常明确了。

【阅读演练一】纳米卫星纳米的概念，是由美国科学家于2019年首先提出的。

科学家们把卫星按重量分为好多类，1000千克以上的为大型卫星，100千克－500千克的为小型卫星，10千克－100千克的为微型卫星，10千克以下的为纳米卫星。

如何概括说明文的主要内容

如何概括说明文的主要内容如何概括说明文的主要内容概括一篇文章的大意（主要内容），这是记叙文、说明文阅读经常面对的一个经典题型。

教师在处理这个问题的时候，存在着三种理解形式，对应三种不同的解题方法。

第一种老师，认为“文章的大意”或“主要内容”，是个狭义概念，仅仅指向文章表述的表象内容，不包括作者要表达的本质思想感情，因他们主张，回答这个问题，只概括文章承载的表象即可。

第二种老师，同样认为“文章的大意”或“主要内容”是个狭义的概念，但问题指向的不是文章的表象内容，而是本质内容，因而，他们主张回答这个问题，只揭示作者的表达目的——即文章要表达的内在思想感情即可。

第三种老师认为，应该从广义上理解这两个概念，它们既包括文章的表象，又涵盖文章的本质，所以主张解决这一问题，既要概括文章的表象内容，然后透过表象，揭示文章要表达的本质思想，二者缺一不可。

一、我们要选择的方法以上三种理解方式及对应的解决方法都是正确的。

问题是：作为学生，我们无法判断命题者属于这三种人当中的哪一种，也无法断定三种答案中究竟哪一个会是最终的标准答案，怎么答题呢？我认为，以不变应万变的方法，还是第三种——因为它的答案各种理解方式对应答案的全部。

在阅卷过程中，面对主观性试题，老师只会为答题缺失的同学扣分，永远不会对卷面答案比标准答案更全面的同学扣分（有字数要求的，考虑字数的限制即可）。

二、说明文表象内容概括的方法(一）指出文章的说明对象说明对象有两种：一种是具体的事物；一种是抽象的事理。

回答问题时要注意两个要点：一是，关注说明指向的核心——是事物，还是事物、行为内部蕴含的抽象之理。

例如：为什么我国的石拱桥会取得如此辉煌的成就呢？首先，在于我国劳动人民的勤劳和智慧。

他们制作石料的'工艺极其精巧，能把石料切成整块大石碑，又能把石块雕刻成各中形象。

在建筑技术上有很多创造，在起重吊装方面更有意想不到的办法。

如福建漳州的江东桥，修建于八百年前，有的石梁一块就有二百来吨重，究竟是怎样安装上去的，至今还不完全知道。

读写任务概括部分

写好总结的步骤第一步：阅读写作内容、主题和要点提示；根据这些提示，阅读语篇找出主题句和关键词。第二步：根据语篇的主题，精兵裁员，削枝叶，保留其中最能概括短文内容的语句。第三步：对这些语句进行同义改写，自然衔接，使之成为一个连贯的语段。
To many people, even the word “work” sounds unpleasant. These people simply do not enjoy the job they are doing. It does not give them any real satisfaction. It may be quite easy, but it is very boring. No matter how ordinary a job is, it plays a part in society and therefore deserves our due respect. Society cannot function a single day without the “dull and boring” jobs.
（2011年高考广东卷）以约120个词讲述一次你（或你的朋友）想家的经历，内容包括： ⑴时间、地点和起因； ⑵想家给学习和生活带来的影响； ⑶你（或你朋友）是如何应对的。
ቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱ
Sam went to a boarding school. He would not be able to go home every weekend. He tried as much as he could to fit in but could not because his mind was at home. He started feeling homesick and wanted to go home as soon as possible. He got sick soon because he could not eat the school food. He could not concentrate in the classroom.

《读写任务之概括》PPT课件

the six elements of a narrative passage
who
Mike
When/where /What
His first year of college
How (process)
At first: toughest…adjustment
Then: got used to it At last: love the college life
Task writing -----Summary
Task writing
1. Summary (about 30 words) Content
2. Your opinion,
argument and conclusion (about 120 words)
What is a summary?
1.A shortened version of the text 2.Main points of the text 3.Written in your own words A summary is a brief account of the main points of an article in your own words .
2. Can we judge the writing style? 3. Can we write it in the first person or the third
person? 4. Can we express our opinion?
understanding
the writing style
本T题ry为i2t0! 08年广东高考读写任务
____________________________________

初中说明文阅读知识概括和解题技巧归纳

说明文阅读知识概括和解题技巧归纳一、说明文阅读知识概括（一）说明方法及其作用①分类别：定义：将事物按一定的标准进行分门别类的逐一说明。

作用：因从不同的方面和不同的角度对事物进行了多层次的说明，所以事物之间的关系眉目清晰，避免了重复交叉的现象，不同类别的事物特征明了，让人印象深刻。

②摹状貌：定义：通过描绘事物形貌的方式把事物的特征表现出来。

作用：有助于把说明对象说得形象、具体、生动。

③举例子：定义：为了把事物（或事理）及特征等说明得更加具体、清楚、明白，在说明过程中举出一些实例来进行说明的方法。

作用：使那些概括的、抽象的内容变得具体形象，便于读者理解。

例子前常有“例如”“如”等标志性词语。

④作比较：定义：把两个以上彼此有一定联系或者有相似点的事物进行比较，从而介绍某一事物的性质、变化、发展。

作用：通过比较，使事物间的相同点与不同点都明显地表现出来，便于读者把握事物的特征，特别是事物之间的差别。

⑤列数字：定义：运用具体的数字资料介绍事物特点的说明方法。

作用：能够给人以准确、具体的印象，增强说明文的科学性和准确性。

⑥打比方：定义：实质是用比喻的修辞手法将说明对象的某一特点形象生动地表现出来。

作用:可以使原本不为人所熟悉的或抽象的事物变得通俗易懂，使说明语言生动有趣。

⑦下定义：定义：用最准确简洁的语言，概括出事物的本质意义和特征。

常用格式为：“……是什么”或“……叫作……”。

作用：便于突出事物的本质特征，使该事物与别的事物区分开来。

⑧作诠释：定义：对事物的特征、事例加以具体的解释说明。

作用：使说明更通俗易懂。

⑨引资料：定义：包括引用具体的事例、数据、名言、格言、谚语（使说明更有说服力），以及神话传说、新闻报道、谜语、逸闻趣事等（增强说明文的趣味性）作用：使说明更有说服力；增强说明文的趣味性⑩画图表：定义：用该方式对事物的特征、事理加以说明。

作用：使说明更简明、直观。

二、说明文解题技巧归纳（一）赏析说明文的语言类题型和答题技巧①文中加点的词语能否删去？为什么？答题步骤：a.判断。

好读写任务之概括

How to write a summary?
Pay attention to the author's opinion
Find key sentences
Styles of passage
1
argumentation
narration
exposition
2
3
narration
the six elements of a narrative passage
Modal 6
Waiting for another
• This is a story about a farmer who picked up a rabbit knocking into a tree near his farm by accident, so he stopped working to wait for another .As a result, his farm was deserted.
Rules:
4 don'ts and 1 must Lets’s share opinions on summary writing: 1.Don’t copy original expressions or the whole sentence.
2.Don’t add to your own comment/idea.
1. A strong statement of opinion. (the key idea): Getting up early /a good habit /of great importance 2. Support for the opinion (supporting sentences) a better memory a healthier body a better preparation for the day 3. Conclusion/suggestions. a good habit / benefit a lot

读写任务概括(议论文)

议论文通常包括论点、论据和结论, 因此写议论文的概要主要是找出主题句 (the topic sentences)、支撑句(supporting sentences)和结论句(conclusion sentences)。其中最主要的是找准主题句。
概要模板：论点+论据(+结论)
• 第一、找出关键词和全文或段落的主题句。任何一篇文章都是围绕某个主题展开的，因此，许多文章中最明显的特点之一是有一个反复出现的中心词，即高频词，也叫做主题词。抓住了它，便容易抓住文章的中心。一般地说，主题词通常是名词、动词或形容词。
第二步, 用自己的话将其表达出来。参考范文为： (范文1) The passage mainly tells us getting up early in the morning is a good habit that will benefit us a lot. It enables us to have a better memory, healthier body and better preparation for the day.
(范文2) The passage tries to tell us that getting up early in the morning is a good habit that will benefit us a lot, including a better memory, healthier body and better preparation for the day.
• 第二、根据原文的词句(一般指关键词和全文或段落的主题句), 进行改写: 或用相应的同义词，或进行句型转换(如主动句改为被动句等等). 千万不要原封不动地抄写原文 • 第四、整合中心要点，使用形容词、介词短语、非谓语动词短语合并、简化句子，使之符合概括短文内容要点的词数(30个词左右)。

Book6 Unit4读写任务之说明文的概括

Book6 Unit4 读写任务之说明文的概括专题导读读写任务说明文写作，要了解说明的主旨以及说明的顺序，要求学生按照合理的顺序或一定的写作线索选用适当的连接词，将句子连珠成串，使各句连成结构紧凑、层次分明、语义连贯的短文。

说明文特点：条理清楚，层次分明说明文的文章结构：介绍对象（主题）+ 支持说明说明文的概括方法：1. 找出介绍对象（找文章主题句）2. 找出支持说明（注意连接词或小结各段的主旨）需要注意的问题：1. 第三人称2. 时态常用一般现在时.。

介绍其历史时，要用一般过去时3. 用近义词替换原文词句根据说明文的不同类型, 分别给出三种参考模板：1. 描写某事物的性质功用。

即“对象+性质功用+利好”：(In the passage) the writer introduces... (对象)to us, especially its...(性质或功用), from which we know...(对象带来的利好).2. 针对某个问题提出解决方法或措施。

即“问题+解决方法”：The passage tells us...(问题), including...(方法1), ...(方法2)and...(方法3).3. 介绍某现象及其原因和结果。

即“现象+原因+结果”：(The author/writer says/talks about)...(现象)of..., because /but...(原因/本质1), and... (原因/本质2).特别提醒：在高考读写任务中, 多为说明某种社会现象的说明文。

典型例题：阅读下面短文，然后以约30个词概括该文的主要内容。

Eye care is an important factor in all of our lives. Without eyes, we seem to be able to do nothing. But, what can we do to take care of eyes? Firstly, we should eat healthy foods. Secondly, don’t sit before a computer screen or TV for too long time and take regular rest at intervals（间隔）so that relax the eye muscles. Thirdly, having enough sleep is the best rest for eyes.Besides those notices, you should be aware of some threats to eyes in daily lives. Excessive exposure to bright sunlight is harmful to eyes. Therefore, when going out, especially in summer time, put on a pair of qualified sunglasses. Stay away form smoking. Some ingredients in cigarettes are carcinogenesis(致癌的).Last but not the least, take regular medical examinations to check out potential eye disease and prevent its deterioration(退化). Eyes are the most important sense organs and one should use proper eye care products to avoid further irritations(刺激性) and ensure longevity at ease.分析过程：介绍对象：（主题）what can we do to take care of eyes?支持说明：（注意连接词）Firstly：eat healthy foodsSecondly：take regular restBesides：be aware of some threatsLast：take regular medical examinations概括Summary:Our eyes are important to us, so the author tells us how to take care of our eyes, includingeating healthy foods, giving them enough time to rest, knowing some threats, and taking frequent eye examinations. (36words) 问题+解决方法”练习：阅读下面短文，然后以约30个词概括该文的主要内容。

说明文阅读归纳概括段意层意或说明内容

说明文阅读归纳概括段意层意或说明内容一、什么是说明内容说明内容指说明文要说明的对象的各个方面或事物内部之间的关系。

如它的历史、特点、性质等。

就是你要说明什么事物或事理怎么样。

（一）人物简介：年龄、籍贯、学历、性格、品质、特长。

（二）书籍介绍：作者、写作时间、历史背景、内容提要、价值。

（三）生物：产地、类属、形象、习性、生活环境、饲养和培育、益害。

（四）自然现象和科学技术：分类、形态、形成过程、性质、发展变化、益害。

（五）生产实验：原料、设备、工具、工艺、流程、操作方法、实验结果、注意事项。

二、解题思路（一）看题目，明确说明对象。

（二）看内容：抓住说明对象的特征。

注意主要和次要。

（三）看结构：总分式、并列式、递进式、连贯式。

三、解题方法（一）摘取合并法（层次清晰的文章）1.摘取中心句、过渡句、议论句、反复句、开头总起句、结尾总结句。

2.过程：提取、分析、综合再进行概括、归纳（各段、层大意相加）。

3.原则：取主舍次；总分取总；并列合并；因果取果；递进取后。

（二）标题追溯法。

（内容命题的文章）我们可以根据标题去阅读，对题目进行提问并回答，追溯段落或文章的主要内容。

（三）段意合并法（层次清晰的文章）1.各段大意相加。

2.各段大意之间，有的要加上一些过渡词语，以便通顺连贯。

3.注意重点段落，做到详略得当，有的可以舍去。

四、答题注意（一）有时要对摘取的句段进行适当的增减，加过渡词以便通顺连贯。

（二）注意重点句段，详略得当。

（三）完整、简洁、明确。

五、答题模式（一）事物说明文：本文（段）按…结构方式，以…顺序，从…方面（角度），运用…说明方法，说明（介绍）了…事物（对象）…特征。

（二）事理说明文：本文（段）按…结构方式，以…顺序，从…方面（角度），运用…说明方法，说明（介绍）了…事理。

六、真题演练（一）阅读《大地的震动》，完成习题地震是一种自然现象，是地壳运动的一种形式。

全球每年约发生500万次地震，不过人们能够感觉到的只有不到1万次，而能够造成灾害的仅有100次左右。