中石油2016通用英语选读课文04
2016中石油职称英语水平考试《通用英语选读》第1-10课-课文精讲
2016新版中石油职称英语水平考试课后练习及答案目录1.SIX GOLDEN RULES FOR MEETING MANAGEMENT主持会议六大准则（2016新增） (2)2. NETWORK SECURITY 网络安全(2013版) (2)3 .ALL I LEARNED IN KINDERGARTEN 幼儿园所学的... . (4)4. HOW TO NEGOTIATE WITH AMERICANS 如何与美国人谈判(2013版) (5)5.CARBON-BASED ALTERNATIVE 碳基替代燃料（2010版） (7)6. AUTOMATIC AUTO: A CAR THAT DRIVES ITSELF 无人驾驶汽车(2013版) (9)7 OUR FAMILY CREED 家族的信条（2007版） (11)8 THE ART OF PUBLIC SPEAKING 公共演讲的艺术(2007版) (13)9. OIL AND GAS GENERATION油气生成（2016版新增） (16)10.THE DRESS CODE FOR OFFICE LIFE办公室的着装礼仪（2016版新增） (16)1.Six Golden Rules for Meeting Management主持会议六大准则（2016新增）课后练习：1.If you are asked to chair【主持，椅子】a meeting, remember the following six golden rules for meeting ____.A. treatmentB.requirementC.managementD.improvement2.If you begin on time, group members who ____ late will realize the value of time.A.bring upe upC.dress upD.show up3. You may need to refer back to【查阅，重新提及】an issue ____ was discussed during the meeting at a later date.A.thatB.whatC.whoD.where4. ____, we often hear only what we want to hear, rather than【而不是】really listening to other people.A.TraditionallyB.AdditionallyC.ConditionallyD.Exceptionlly5.Many times important issues can get sidetracked【转变话题的】in a meeting, _____ when everyone has a different opinion about the topic.A.essentiallyB.entirellyC.extremelyD.especially6. If you ____ a conflict【冲突】prior to【在……之前】the meeting, discuss the issue with participants【参与者】in advance【提前】.A.anticipateB.participateC.preserveD.announce7. If an unanticipated【不曾预料到的】conflict develops once the meeting is in progress 【进行中】, either appoint a subcommittee【小组委员会】to ____ the problemA.look intoB.look onC. look overD.look through答案：1C 2D 3A 4B 5D 6A 7A2. Network Security 网络安全(2013版)课后练习：1.Internet ____ theft 【失窃】is a growing—and very costly【昂贵的，expensive】—problemA.identifyB.identityC. identicalD.identification2. All offers ____ require payment【付款】or private information before giving an award 【奖品】are bogus【假冒的】.A.whatB.whoC.whoseD.that3. Take the time to ____ the validity【合法性】of an offer.A.check outB.look outC.make outD.pick out4.Thoroughly【彻底地】conduct a background【背景】check【核实】on the company, ____ as many phone calls and Internet searches as you can.A.madeB.makesC.makingD.make5. If ____, visit a local law enforcement【执行】office and ask their opinion.A.in doubtB.in caseC.in conditionD.in detail6. ____ people who report such crimes, ____ criminals are arrested.A. the more; the moreB. the more; moreC. more; moreD. the most; the most答案：1B 2D 3A 4C 5A 6A补充练习：1. Use the ____ version of your web browser.A. laterB. lastC. latestD. late2. ____ conduct a background check on the company, making as many phone calls and Internet searches as you can.A. ThoughB. ThroughlyC. ThorughD. Thoroughly3. Don't ____ secure websites using public Wi-Fi.A. accessB. acessC. processD. accesses4. Sign up for alerts ____ your mobile phone or email.A. to send toB. to be sent toC. to be sentD. to sent to5. your bank and credit card accounts weekly.A. monitoB. monitoredC. monitorD. monitoring答案：1C 2D 3A 4B 5C3 .All I Learned in Kindergarten 幼儿园所学的…课后练习：1.Grandpa ___ to water the flowers now, It’s going to rain soon.A.isn’t needingB.needn’tC.doesn’t needD.needs2.Have you watered the flower? I don’t think this kind of flower need ____ every day.A.waterB.wateringC.be wateredD.being watered3.___ he had not hurt his leg,John would have won the race.A.IfB.SinceC.ThonghD.When4.____ interesting story it is!A.What aB.thatC.whichD.since5. Put things back ____ you found them. (2010年考题)A.whereB.thatC.whichD.since6.You ___ yourself about money(2010年考题)A.need not worryB.have worryC. are not being worriedD.need’n be worried7. No matter how old you are, when you go out into the world, it _____ to hold hands and stick together.A. would betterB. had betterC. be betterD. is better8. Goldfish and hamsters all die. ________.A. So do usB. So we doC. So are weD. So do we9. Think of what a better world ______ if we all had cookies and milk about 3 o’clock every afternoon.A. would it beB. it would beC. will it beD. it going to be答案：1C 2B 3A 4A 5A 6A 7D 8D 9B补充练习：1、When you go out into the world, watch for traffic, hold hands and _____ together.A. stickB. stuckC. strikeD. struck2. Put things back _______ you found them.A. whatB. whileC. whereD. which3. It would be a better world if we all _____ with our blankets for a nap.A. lay downB. laid downC. lain downD. lied down4. Don't take things .A. that aren't yoursB. which aren’t youC. that aren’t youD. which are n’t yours答案：1A 2C 3A 4A4. How to Negotiate with Americans 如何与美国人谈判(2013版)课后练习：1.___ wants to succeed【成功】in the US needs to remember the rules of the game.A.WhoeverB.whateverC.whomeverD.whenever2. Yet a euphoric approach to business is ___ enough.A. by all meansB. by means ofC. by no meansD. by means for3. he attitude【态度】"time is money" has more ___ on business communication in the US than it does anywhere else.A.discussB.containC.evaluateD.influence4.Present【介绍】and market【推销】your case in a ___ way.A.positiveB.possibleC.previousD.private5.When doing business in the US, you should take the following considerations into ___.A.adventureB.accountC.adviceD.ambition答案：1A 2C 3D 4A 5B补充练习：1. Its business culture, ____has brought the world "shareholder value" and "IPOs", ___ commercial thinking in recent years and will continue to do so.A. which; has leadedB. which; has been leadingC. that; has leadedD. that; has been leading2. Yet a euphoric approach _____ business is by no means enough.A. intoB. withC. toD. on3. Although business communication in the US is pleasant and easygoing, it is at the same time ____ focused.A. ruthlessB. ruthlesslyC. ruthlessness4. ____ a personal relationship with the business partner is not as important as ____ results.A. Developing; gettingB. Developing; to getC. To develop; gettingD. To develop; to get5. For this reason, many US __ contain the provision "time is of the essence" within their preamble.A. contactsB. contentsC. contendsD. contracts6. The negotiation will ___ in a well-prepared, calm and pragmatic manner, all laced ___a substantial dose of humor.A. proceed; withB. process; withC. process; inD. proceed; in7. Religion, politics or ethnic background should be touched on ___.A. cautiouslyB. cautiousnessC. cautiousD. caution8. Do not ____ your negotiating partners' relaxed style of communication.A. are misled byB. misled byC. be misled byD. be misled9. The casual attitude in the US does not mean ___ no hierarchy in US companies.A. that isB. there isC. there areD. that are答案：1B 2C 3B 4A 5D 6A 7A 8C 9B5.Carbon-based Alternative 碳基替代燃料（2010版）课后练习：1. Although recent years have seen ______ reductions in noxious pollutants from individual motor vehicles, the number of such vehicles has been steadily increasing.A. substantialB. substanceC. submitD. subjective2.The number of such vehicles ___ steadily increasingA.have beenB.had beenC.having beenD.has been3.There is a serious liability ___ performance and fuel efficiency.A.in time ofB.in case ofC.in terms ofD.in honour of4.At a rough estimate,Nigeria is _____ Great BritainA.three times as big asB.three times as bigger asC. as three times big asD.as three times gigger as5. Ethanol is commonly used as a gasoline supplement, but it is currently about ___ methanolA.twice as expensive asB. twice as more expensive asC. as twice more expensive asD. as twice expensive as6. the number of such vehicles has been steadily increasing. ____, more than 100 cities in the United States still have levels of carbon monoxide that exceed legally established limits.【2010年考题】A.ContinuouslyB.ConsequentlyC.ConsantlyD.Consistently7. All of these alternatives are carbon-based fuels _______ molecules are smaller and simpler than those of gasoline.A. whichB. whoC. whatD. whose8. The hydrocarbons they do emit are less likely to _____ ozone.A generalB generationC generateD generous9. The combustion of larger molecules, _____ have multiple carbon-carbon bonds involvesa more complex series of reactions.A. whatB. whichC. thatD. who10. Ethanol is commonly used ____ a gasoline supplementA.forB.toC.byD.as11.Henry and Tom ___ to the particles at the Trade Union every Saturday(2010年考题)ed to goB.were used to goC.are used to goD.ues to go12. Vehicles ____ only the simplest of the engine improvements that methanol makes feasible would still contribute to an immediate lessening of urban air pollution.A. corporateB.cooperatingC. operatingD. incorporating答案：1A 2D 3C 4A 5A 6D 7D 8C 9B 10D 11A 12D补充练习：1. Although recent years have seen substantial reductions in noxious pollutants from individual motor vehicles, the number of such vehicles ____ .A. have been steadily increasingB. has been steadily increasedC. has been steadily increasingD. have been steadily increased2. Consequently, more than 100 cities in the United States still have levels of carbon monoxide, particulate matter, and ozone that _____ legally established limits.A. succeedB. proceedC. exceedD. excess3. There is a growing realization that the only effective way to achieve further reductions in vehicle _____ is to replace conventional diesel fuel and gasoline with cleaner-burning fuels.A. permissionB. emissionC. omissionD. Mission4. There is a growing realization that the only ___ way to achieve further reductions in vehicle emissions is to replace conventional diesel fuel and gasoline with cleaner-burning fuels.A. effectiveB. efficientC. sufficientD. Supplement5. These reactions increase the probability of incomplete combustion and are more likelyto _____ uncombusted and photochemically active hydrocarbon compounds into the atmosphere.A. leaseB. releaseC. pleaseD. relief6. On the other hand, alternative fuels do have _____.A. drawbacksB. setbackC. drawerD. backward7. Ethanol and methanol have important advantages _____ other carbon-based alternative fuels.A. onB. overC. byD. with8. It is currently about ______ as methanol.A. twice as expensive asB. as twice expensive asC. as expensive twice asD. expensive as twice as9. Methanol's most attractive feature is that it can reduce ____ about 90 percent the vehicle emissions.A. ofB. inC. onD. by10. However, since methanol-fueled vehicles could be designed to be much more ____ than gasoline clone vehicles fueled with methanol, they would need comparatively less fuel.A. effectiveB. efficientC. sufficientD. supplement答案：1C 2C 3B 4A 5B 6A 7B 8A 9D 10B6. Automatic Auto: a Car That Drives Itself 无人驾驶汽车(2013版)课后练习：1.The car will be guided by a differential GPS system that corrects errors ___ in global positioning satellite signals.A.arisingB.riseC.raiseD.arouse2. GM envisions【设想，想象】a system ___ the Mobility InternetA.callingB.callC.callsD.called3. How much control you want to turn over to the car may __ your age and where youare goingA.depend onB.call one onD.go on4. On vacation with the family the driver may want to __ and talk to the kidsA.turn upB.turn toC.turn onD.turn around5. Taking the fun out of the driving is not our main goal—we'd like to help people enjoy __A. to driveB.driveC.drivesD.driving6. But they should make the ___ if they want to drive or (they) press the autopilotbutton.A.decisionB.decideC.departureD.depart答案：1A 2D 3A 4D 5A补充练习：1. It is an early step toward a robo-car that can drive itself, perhaps ____ .A. better than youB. better than you canC. better you can2. The TTS run will demonstrate ____ the car can take curves as fast as a human driver—without driving off a cliff.A. asB. thatC. whenD. whether3. The car will be guided by a differential GPS system that corrects errors arising in global positioning satellite signals ____ they travel through the ionosphere and troposphere.A. asB. thatC. whatD. where4. Second, the car needs ____ collisions.A. to be able to avoidB. being able to avoidC. to be able to avoiding5. Some of these capabilities have already hit the street, and others %___ in tests.A. has been demonstratedB. have been demonstratedC. have demonstrated6. GM envisions a system ___ connects intelligent cars to each other and to remote servers in a vast, moving peer-to-peer network that would let them ____ efficiently and in sync.A. that; to travelB. which; travelC. where; travelD. that; travel7. How much control you want to turn over to the car(主语) may depend on your age and ____.A. where are you goingB. where you are goingC. where do you go toD. that you are going8. Taking the fun out of the driving（主语）is not our main goal—we'd like to ___.A. help people to enjoy to driveB. help people enjoy to driveC. help people enjoy drivingD. help people enjoying to drive答案：1B 2D 3A 4A 5B 6D 7B 8C考点：使役动词是表示使、令、让、帮、叫等意义的“不完全”及物动词，主要有make(使,令)，let(让)，help(帮助)，have(叫)等，其后的不定式“不带to”。
2016新版中石油职称英语水平考试《通用英语选读》第31-40课-课文精讲.pdf
2016新版中石油职称英语水平考试《通用英语选读》培训笔记（考过的大题已标出）目录31 PETROLEUM GEOLOGY AND OTHER SCIENCES 石油地质学与其它科学(2007版) (2)32 THE CALIFORNIA GOLD RUSH加利福尼亚淘金热 (2016新增) (6)33 WHAT DO PARENTS OWE THEIR CHILDREN 父母欠子女什么？ (11)34 SHOULD YOU GO ORGANIC? 你应该“有机”吗？（N2016新增） (15)35 YOU BET YOUR LIFE 以命相赌 (20)36 TO BE CONTENT WITH ONE'S LOT乐天知命 (24)37 I DIDN'T KNOW HOW TO TEACH UNTIL I MET YOU 直到遇到你我才知道怎么教学 (30)38 RESERVOIR PRODUCTION MECHANISMS油藏开采机理（2016新增） (34)39 A $210,000 WALLET 价值21万美元的钱包 (38)40 FUNDAMENTAL TECHNIQUES IN HANDLING PEOPLE 处理人际关系的基本技巧 (42)温馨小语：每篇“学习笔记”将可能涉及到的“考点”做了重点标记，它们基于“职称考试”的四个主要方面，即词汇、语法、阅读和翻译，所以在学习中要认真体会，找到自己要重点学习的内容。
跳过每一段英文原文，只通篇看下“带有英文”的中文部分…，是不是感觉清楚了课文大致要说的内容？熟悉中文意思，在考试中也是很有帮助的，特别是在回答阅读类的选择题时，如果它恰好又是你在此读过的一篇课文，你一定会用最短的时间，找到正确的答案。
考试的题量可不小，要在此处抢得先机。
过段时间，再来温习下吧。
31 Petroleum Geology and Other Sciences 石油地质学与其它科学(2007版)【2007版，2010版，2013版，2016版】【2011年第7、8段翻译】1. Petroleum geology is the application【应用，接to】of geology (the study of rocks) to the exploration【勘探】for and production【生产】of oil and gas. Geology itself is firmly 【牢牢地】based on 【建立在…基础上】chemistry, physics, and biology, involving【包括】the application【后接to】of essentially【本质上】abstract【adj.抽象的，n.文摘】concepts to observed【观察的】data【资料】. In the past these data were basically【基本上】observation 【观察】and subjective【主观的】, but they are now increasingly physical and chemical, and therefore【因此】more objective【客观的】. Geology, in general【总的来说】, and petroleumgeology, in particular【特别，尤其】value judgements based on experience and an assessment【评估】of validity【有效性】among the data presented.1、石油地质学是地质学（岩石研究）在油气勘探开发和生产中的应用。
中石油2016通用英语选读课文03
3 All I Learned in Kindergarten幼儿园所学的1.Most of what I really need to know about how to live and what to do and how to be, I learned in kindergarten<幼儿园>.Wisdom<智慧> was not at the top of the graduate<研究生、研究院>mountain,but there in the sandpile<（n.供儿童玩的）沙堆>at nursery school<n.幼儿园nursery<苗圃>>．1.大部分在生活中真正需要的，包括怎样生活，该做些什么，又该怎样去做，这些都是我在幼儿园时学会的。
智慧不在研究生院的山巅之上，而在幼儿园的沙堆里。
2.These are the things I learned：Share everything. Play fair．Don’t hit people．Put things back where you found them. Clean up<清理>your own mess<自己的烂摊子mess<混乱>>．Don’t take things that aren’t yours．Say you’re sorry when you hurt somebody. Wash your hands before you eat. Warm cookies<饼干> and cold milk are good for you．Live a balanced<平衡的>life．Learn some and think some and draw and paint and sing and dance and play and work everyday some．2.以下就是我从幼儿园中学到的。
中石油2016通用英语选读课文40Fundamental Techniques in Handling People处理人际关系的基本技巧
40 Fundamental<基本的> Techniques in Handling<处理> People处理人际关系的基本技巧1. On the morning of April 15, 1865, Abraham Lincoln lay dying<奄奄一息地躺在> in a hall bedroom of a cheap lodging<寄住的，暂住的> house directly across the street from Ford's Theater, where John Wilkes Booth had shot him. Lincoln's long body lay stretched<伸展> diagonally<adv斜线地，对角地> across a sagging<下陷的，下垂> bed that was too short for him. A cheap reproduction<复制品，仿制品> of Rosa Bonheur's famous painting The Horse Fair hung above the bed, and a dismal<adj阴暗的，阴沉的，凄凉的>gas jet<煤气喷嘴，煤气火焰>flickered<发出> yellow light.1.1865年4月15日清晨,亚伯拉罕.林肯奄奄一息地躺在福特戏院对面一家廉价客栈的卧房里。
约翰·威尔克斯·布斯枪杀了他。
那张下陷的床对身材修长的林肯而言实在太短了。
床的上方，挂着一件罗莎·邦赫的名画《马市》的廉价仿制品，一盏阴暗的煤气灯发出惨淡的黄晕。
2. As Lincoln lay dying, Secretary of War Stanton said, "There lie s the most perfect ruler<元首，统治者> of men that the world has ever seen."2.当林肯奄奄一息地躺着时，陆军部长斯坦顿说：“躺在这里的，是世界上有史以来最完美的元首。
中石油系统职称英语通用英语选读文章中英文对照版最新版
目录中石油职称英语教材_2013年版1. The Value of Time时间的价值 (3)2.English is a Crazy Language 英语是一门疯狂的语言 (4)3.All I Learned in Kindergarten 幼儿园所学的 (6)4. How to Negotiate with Americans如何与美国人谈判 (7)5. Network Security网络安全 (9)6.Carbon-based Alternative 碳基替代燃料 (11)7. Automatic Auto: a Car That Drives Itself无人驾驶汽车 (13)8.Our Family Creed 家族的信条 (15)9．The art of public Speaking 公共演讲的艺术 (16)10. Sweep a Fuel Craft Invest Fever清洁能源行业投资热潮 (18)11.Smoking and Cancer 吸烟和癌 (19)12. The Positive Meanings of Love爱的真谛 (21)13. Does Exercise Have Unexpected Benefits? 运动有奇效吗？ (24)14.Taking chances, Making chances 抓住机遇，制造机遇 (26)15.The Province of Alberta 阿尔伯达省 (27)16. The American Way: Family美国人的家庭观 (29)17. Computers Give Big Boosts to Productivity计算机技术极大提高生产效率 (30)18. The Principles of International Trade国际贸易原理 (32)19. A World without Oil 假如世界没有石油 (34)20.The Germanic Languages日耳曼语系 (36)21.How Americans Eat and Drink 美国人的饮食 (38)22.The Delights of South Island 南岛之乐 (40)23.A Sandpiper to Bring You Joy 矶鹞带来快乐 (42)24.An Introduction to Distillation 蒸馏概述 (46)25. Hints to Improve Spoken English 提高英语口语须知 (48)26.The Moon-Riddle from the Past月球-来自远古之谜 (50)27.The Delight of Books 书之乐趣 (52)28.The Magic of Energy 能的魔力 (54)29. How to Reduce Employee Turnover如何减少员工流失 (57)30. That "Other Woman" in My Life 我生命中的“另一个女人” (59)31.Geography of USA 美国地理概况 (61)32. The Old Man and the Sea (Excerpt) 参考译文：老人与海(节选) (64)33.Petroleum Geology and Other Sciences 石油地质学与其它科学 (66)34.What Do Parents Owe Their Children 父母欠子女什么？ (68)35. Trends for 21st Century 21世纪的趋势 (70)36.You Bet Your Life 以命相赌 (73)37. Radiation and Human Health辐射与人体健康 (75)38. To Be Content with One's Lot 乐天知命 (77)39.I Didn't Know How to Teach Until I Met You 直到遇到你我才知道怎么教学 (80)40. An Introduction to Petrochemicals 石油化工产品概述 (82)41. The Subject of Smiling 微笑问题 (85)42. A $210,000 WALLET1价值21万美元的钱包 (88)43. What's Your Best Time of Day? 何时是你一天中最佳的时间？ (90)44. Fundamental Techniques in Handling People 处理人际关系的基本技巧 (94)45. Happiness Index幸福指数 (96)46. Becoming Wealthy: It's Up to You 致富取决于你自己 (99)47. Oil（油） (101)48. Ocean Plant Life in Decline海洋植物数量锐减 (104)49. Cultural Taboos文化禁忌 (106)50.Managing In a Global Environment 在全球环境中进行管理 (108)51.Not Quite Ready to Retire1 退休为时尚早 (111)52.Sales Promotion 产品促销 (114)53.Another Happiness 另一种快乐 (117)54.Why To Mark a Book 怎样在书上做标记 (119)55.Earth's Last Frontier: The Sea 海洋，地球最后的待开发疆域 (122)56.Why Antarctica Is Being Explored 为什么要勘探南极洲 (125)57.Listening Faults 聆听的误区 (128)58.Your Are What You Think 你认为自己是什么样的人，就是什么样的人 (132)59.The Audacity of Hope1有希望则无所畏惧 (135)60. Future of Energy能源的未来 (139)1. The Value of Time时间的价值【2013年新增加文章】1. "Time" says the proverb "is money". This means that every moment well-spent may put some money into our pockets. If our time is usefully employed,it will either produce some useful and important piece of work which will fetch its price in the market, or it will add to our experience and increase our capacities so as to enable us to earn money when the proper opportunity comes. There can thus be no doubt that time is convertible into money. Let those who think nothing of wasting time remember this; let them remember that an hour misspent is equivalent to the loss of a banknote; and that an hour utilized is tantamount to so much silver or gold; and then they will probably think twice before they give their consent to the loss of any part of their time.1．谚语说：“时间就是金钱。
中石油2016通用英语选读课文43Oil石油
43 Oil 石油1. The existence of oil wells has been known for a long time. Some of the Indians of North America used to collect and sell the oil from the wells of Pennsylvania<宾夕法尼亚>. No one, however, seems to have realized the importance of this oil until it was found that paraffin<n石蜡>-oil<煤油> could be made from it; this led to the development of the wells and to the making of enormous<巨大的> profits. When the internal combustion<n燃烧>engine<内燃机> was invented, oil became of worldwide importance.1、油井的存在由来已久。
北美的一些印第安人过去常常去宾夕法尼亚的油井采集油来出售。
一直以来，没有人认识到这种油的重要性，后来人们发现它可提炼出煤油来，情况才为之一变。
自此油井遂蓬勃发展，巨额利润也由此产生。
当内燃机发明后，石油更具有世界性重要意义。
2. What was the origin of the oil which now drives our motor-cars and aircraft? Scientists are confident<确信的> about the formation of coal, but they do not seem so sure when asked about oil. They think that the oil under the surface of the earth originated in<起源于，产生于> the distant past, and was formed from living things in the sea. Countless<无数的>billions<十亿> of minute<微小>sea creatures and plants lived and sank to the sea bed. They were covered with huge deposits of mud; and by processes of chemistry, pressure and temperature were changed through long ages into what we know as oil. For there creatures to become oil, it was necessary that they should be imprisoned<密封，禁锢> between layers of rock for an enormous length of time.The statement that oil originated in the sea is confirmed by a glance at<瞧一瞧，看一看> a map showing the chief oilfield of the world; very few of them are far distant from the oceans of today. In some places gas and oil come up to the surface of the sea from its bed. The rocks in which oil is found are of marine<海洋的>origin<起源>too. They are sedimentary<adj沉积的，沉淀性的> rocks<水成岩>, rocks which were laid down by the action of water on the bed of the ocean. Almost always the remains<遗骸> of shells<贝壳>, and other proofs<证据> of sea life, are found close to the oil. A very common sedimentary rock is called shale<n油页岩，页岩>, which is a soft rock and was obviously formed by being deposited on the sea bed. And where there is shale there is likely to be oil.2、现在驱动汽车和飞机的油的起源是什么？科学家对煤的形成一清二楚，然而论及石油时，它们就不那么有把握了。
中石化英语(课文及阅读理解定稿)
中国石化英语第一篇How to be Happy 如何获得幸福 (2)第二篇City Design 城市设计 (3)第三篇Population 人口 (4)第四篇Earthquake 地震 (5)第五篇The Aftermath of BP Fulf Oil Spill----英国石油公司墨西哥湾原油泄漏 (6)第六篇Green Computers“绿色’’电脑 (7)第七篇Cell Phones手机 (8)第八篇Touch Tech触屏技术 (9)第九篇Fossil Fuels and Our Life化石燃料与我们的生活 (10)第十篇Carbon Emissions碳排放 (11)第十一篇Marine Pollution海洋污染 (12)第十二篇China's Growth and the Clean Energy Tech中国的经济增长与清洁能源技术 (13)第十三篇Market Economy市场经济 (14)第十四篇CPI消费者物价指数 (15)第十五篇The Internet互联网 (16)十六篇Apple Expands its Touchy-Feely Vision苹果公司用iPad延续梦想 (17)十七篇3G Technology技术 (18)十八篇Carbon Capture and Storage碳捕获和储存 (19)十九篇GlobaIWarming全球变暖 (20)二十篇Alternate Energies替代能源 (21)二十一篇Biofuels生物燃料 (22)二十二篇Coal Chemicallndustry煤化学工业 (23)二十三篇Resource Curse资源诅咒 (24)二十四篇Company Management公司管理 (25)二十五篇Recruitment Drives Take Talent from Wide Pool人才库 (26)二十六篇Tips for Job Seekers找工作的秘诀 (27)二十七篇Chinese Oil Market中国石油市场 (28)二十八篇0il Trade石油贸易 (29)二十九篇How I Lost My Head in the Volcanic Ash Cloud令人发疯的火山灰 (30)三十篇Project Management项目管理 (31)第一篇How to be Happy 如何获得幸福In the past two weeks we have looked at the happiness formula defined by positive_psychologist Martin Seligman, where H（happiness) = S (your biological set point for feeling happy) + C (the conditions of your life) + V (the voluntary_choices you make). 过去两周我们研究了一项幸福公式，这是由乐观心理学家马丁·塞利格曼定义的。
2016新版中石油职称英语水平考试《通用英语选读》第21-30课_课文精讲
2016新版中石油职称英语水平考试《通用英语选读》学习笔记（考过的大题已标出）目录21.AND ALL THAT JAZZ关乎爵士乐(2016版新增) (2)22 THE GERMANIC LANGUAGES 日耳曼语系（2010版） (6)23 HOW AMERICANS EAT AND DRINK 美国人的饮食（2007版） (10)24 THE DELIGHTS OF SOUTH ISLAND 南岛之乐（2010版） (13)25 HINTS TO IMPROVE SPOKEN ENGLISH 提高英语口语须知（2007版） (17)26 THE MAGIC OF ENERGY 能的魔力（2007版） (21)27. WHEN YOU TRAVEL TO A LARGE CITY旅行在都市（2016版新增） (25)28 THAT "OTHER WOMAN" IN MY LIFE 我生命中的“另一个女人”（2007版） (29)29 GEOGRAPHY OF USA 美国地理概况（2007版） (32)30 THE OLD MAN AND THE SEA (EXCERPT) 老人与海(节选)(2010版) (37)温馨小语：每篇“学习笔记”将可能涉及到的“考点”做了重点标记，它们基于“职称考试”的四个主要方面，即词汇、语法、阅读和翻译，所以在学习中要认真体会，找到自己要重点学习的内容。
跳过每一段英文原文，只通篇看下“带有英文”的中文部分…，是不是感觉清楚了课文大致要说的内容？熟悉中文意思，在考试中也是很有帮助的，特别是在回答阅读类的选择题时，如果它恰好又是你在此读过的一篇课文，你一定会用最短的时间，找到正确的答案。
考试的题量可不小，要在此处抢得先机。
过段时间，再来温习下吧。
21.And All That Jazz关乎爵士乐(2016版新增)1.Have you ever heard the expression（说法、表达）, —and all that Jazz”？When people say that to day, it’s slang which means much the same thing as et cetera （等等）or “and so forth（等等）.” You may use it yourself. Jazz, it seems, has had quite a few（相当多）meanings. Through the history （历史）of jazz, it has meant many different kinds of music to many different people.1.你听过这种说法吗，“像爵士乐一般，诸如此类的东西”？现在人们把它用作俚语，意思和“等等”，“以此类推”类似。
中石油2016通用英语选读课文30The Old Man and the Sea(Excerpt)老人与海(节选)
30The Old Man and the Sea (Excerpt)老人与海(节选)1. They sailed<航行> well and the old man soaked<浸> his hands in the salt water and tried to keep his head clear. There were high cumulus clouds<积云> and enough cirrus<卷云> above them sothat the old man knew the breeze<微风> would last all night. The old man looked at the fish constantly<时常地>to make sure it was true. It was an hour before the first shark<鲨鱼> hit him. 1.他们航行得很好，老人把手浸在盐水里，努力保持头脑清醒。
积云堆聚得很高，上空还有相当多的卷云，因此老人看出这风将刮上整整一夜。
老人时常对鱼望望，好确定真有这么回事。
这时候是第一条鲨鱼来袭击他的前一个钟点。
2. The shark was not an accident<偶然>. He had come up from deep down in the water as the dark cloud of blood had settled<下沉> and dispersed<扩散>in the mile deep sea. He had come up so fast and absolutely<完全地>without caution<不顾一切>that he broke the surface of the blue water and was in the sun. Then he fell back into the sea and picked up the scent<n气味> and started swimming on the course the skiff<小船> and the fish had taken.2.这条鲨鱼的出现不是偶然的。
2016新版中石油职称英语水平考试《通用英语选读》第41-50课_课文精讲
2016新版中石油职称英语水平考试《通用英语选读》培训笔记（考过的大题已标出）目录41. HAPPINESS INDEX幸福指数 (2)42 BECOMING WEALTHY: IT'S UP TO YOU 致富取决于你自己 (7)43 OIL 石油 (10)44 JOB SATISFACTION <NEW> (13)45. HOW TO BECOME A SCIENTIST <NEW> (18)46. CULTURAL TABOOS文化禁忌 (21)47 MANAGING IN A GLOBAL ENVIRONMENT 在全球环境中进行管理 (25)48. THE CONSCIOUS USE OF THE SUBCONSCIOUS MIND <NEW> (29)49. THE BRITISH THROUGH MY EYES <NEW> (33)50 NOT QUITE READY TO RETIRE 退休为时尚早 (36)温馨小语：每篇“学习笔记”将可能涉及到的“考点”做了重点标记，它们基于“职称考试”的四个主要方面，即词汇、语法、阅读和翻译，所以在学习中要认真体会，找到自己要重点学习的内容。
跳过每一段英文原文，只通篇看下“带有英文”的中文部分。
是不是感觉清楚了课文大致要说的内容？熟悉中文意思，在考试中也是很有帮助的，特别是在回答阅读类的选择题时，如果它恰好又是你在此读过的一篇课文，你一定会用最短的时间，找到正确的答案。
考试的题量可不小，要在此处抢得先机。
过段时间，再来温习下吧。
41. Happiness Index幸福指数(index n. 索引；偏意：指数)1. In terms of happiness, your spouse—if you have one—is worth $100,000 a year.1、就幸福而言（in terms of 依据；按照），你的配偶(spouse)——如果你有的话——值10万美元一年（a year）。
中石油2016通用英语选读课文53Oil Refining石油炼制
53. Oil Refining石油炼制1.Primary Refining1.粗炼2.Petroleum refining is the process of separating the many compounds<混合物> present<目前的> in crude petroleum.This process is called fractional distillation<分馏>where the crude oil is heated;the various compounds boil at different temperatures and change to gases;and are later recondensed<v再浓缩，再凝结> back into liquids.The primary refining processes are the distillation<n.（蒸馏（过程）;蒸馏物;蒸流;升华>of the feedstock<n给料，进料>into its basic fractions<馏分>,and then the re-distillation of these,in separate towers,into highly concentrated<浓缩的，浓度的>intermediates<n媒介，半成品adj中间的>.2.石油炼制是将原油中的多种混合物进行分离的过程。
原油经过加热后，其中的不同组分将在不同的温度下沸腾并气化，随后又经冷凝浓缩转化为液体，这个过程称为分馏。
粗炼工序是将进料蒸馏成为其基本组分，然后再将这些组分在单独的炼塔中再蒸馏成为高浓度的半成品。
3.Distillation is the start of the refining process where the crude oil is split<分开，分裂>into a number of parts or cuts.The separation is made on the basis of boiling-point and groups of hydrocarbons boiling within a certain range are produced. The theory of distillation is very easy.The longer the carbon chain,the higher the temperature at which the compounds will boil.When crude oil boils,it sends out vapor<蒸汽> and condenses<冷凝>.All the different hydrocarbons in crude oil are at different temperatures.And their vapors all make separate liquids (fractions).The split are usually grouped into three categories:light distillates(LPG<液化石油气>,gasoline<汽油>,naphtha<n石脑油>),middle distillates(kerosene<煤油>,diesel<柴油>),heavy distillates and residuum<n剩余，残渣>(heavy fuel oil,lubricating oils<润滑油>,wax<蜡>,asphalt<n沥青>).3.蒸馏是炼油工艺流程的开始。
2016新版中石油职称英语水平考试《通用英语选读》ltm_第01-10课-课文精讲(纠错版)
2016新版中石油职称英语水平考试《通用英语选读》培训笔记（考过的大题已标出）目录1.Six Golden Rules for Meeting Management主持会议六大准则（2016新增） (1)2. Network Security 网络安全 (2013新增)(2013阅读题) (3)3 .All I Learned in Kindergarten 幼儿园所学的... . (6)4. How to Negotiate with Americans 如何与美国人谈判(2013新增) (9)5.Carbon-based Alternative 碳基替代燃料 (12)6. Automatic Auto: a Car That Drives Itself 无人驾驶汽车(2013版新增) (15)7. Our Family Creed 家族的信条（2007版） (18)8. The art of public Speaking 公共演讲的艺术(2007版) (21)9. Oil and Gas Generation油气生成（2016版新增） (24)10.The Dress Code for Office Life办公室的着装礼仪（2016版新增） (27)1.Six Golden Rules for Meeting Management主持会议六大准则（2016新增）If you are asked to chair(主持，椅子) a meeting, remember the following six golden rules for meeting management(管理，regulation).如果要求你主持一个会议，记住以下有关主持会议的六大准则。
1.Always start the meeting on time(准时，按时). If you begin on time, group members who show up(出席，到场，appear) late will realize the value of time. Beginning on time reflects(反射，映出) skill as an effective(有效的，efficient) time manager and sets a precedent(先例，前例) for others to follow.1.总要准时开会。
中石油职称英语阅读练习含原文翻译
中石油职称英语阅读练习含原文翻译中石油职称英语阅读练习（含原文翻译）这是一篇关于自动驾驶的中石油职称英语阅读题，为了帮助大家备考，请仔细阅读原文然后做出后面的习题。
希望大家喜欢。
Automatic Auto:a Car That Drives Itself1. In September a driverless Audi TTSwill speedto the top of Colorado's Pikes Peakat justunder100 kilometers per hour—that'sright, no driver. It is an early steptowardarobo-carthatcan driveitself(定语从句), perhapsbetter than you can.1、9月份，一辆无人驾驶的(driverless)奥迪TTS汽车将以略低于(under)每小时100公里的速度驶向科罗拉多州的派克峰(Pikes Peak)顶部——对!没有驾驶者!这是朝着机器人汽车(a robo-car)迈出的较早的一步，它或许比人操作得还好一些。
2. The Pikes Peak runis a jointproject of the Stanford University Dynamic Design Laboratory, theElectronicsResearchLab (ERL 电子研究实验室) forthe Volkswagen Group(大众集团)(whichowns Audi), and software-makerOracleCorp. The rough,part-gravel roadto the top of Pikes Peak is therouteofthe annual International Hill Climbrally,an annual auto and motorcycle race.The TTS runwilldemonstrate whetherthe car can takecurvesas fast asa humandriver—without driving off a cliff.2、“派克峰试驾”(the PikesPeak run本句的主语)是斯坦福大学动态设计实验室、大众集团(奥迪品牌拥有者)电子研究实验室，以及软件开发商甲骨文公司(Oracle Corp)的联合项目(a joint project)。
中石油2016通用英语选读课文08
8 The art of public Speaking 公共演讲的艺术1. The need for effective<有影响力的> public speaking will almost certainly<几乎必定>touch you sometime in your life. When it does, you want to be ready. But even if you never give another speech i n your life, you still have much to gain from<获益良多>studying public speaking. Your speech class will give you training in researching topics, organizing your ideas, and presenting yourself skillfully. The training is invaluable<非常宝贵的>for every type of communication.1、在你生活的某个时刻，几乎必定需要做某种有影响力的公开演讲。
当这个时刻来到时，你希望自己十分有把握。
但是，即便你在生活中从未发表过一个演讲，你仍然会从学习公共演说中获益良多。
你的演讲课将会在研究主题、组织思路和表现技巧方面对你进行训练。
这种训练对任何类型的交流都是非常宝贵的。
2. There are many similarities<类似的东西>between public speaking and daily conversation. The three major goals of public speaking-to inform<通知>, to persuade, to entertain<使有兴趣>-are also the three major goals of everyday conversation. In conversation, almost without thinking about it, you employ<使用>a wide range of skills. You organize your ideas logically<有条理地，有逻辑地>. You tailor<修改，调整> your message to your audience<听众，观众，读者>. You tell a story for maximum impact<影响，效果>. You adapt to<使适应，使习惯> feedback<反馈，反映>from your listener. These are among the most important skills you will need for public speaking.2、在公开演讲和日常交谈之间有许多类似的东西。
2016新版中石油职称英语水平考试《通用英语选读》第51-60课_课文精讲
2016新版中石油职称英语水平考试《通用英语选读》培训笔记（考过的大题已标出）目录51. THOSE FASCINATING NORTHERN LIGHTS 迷人的北极光（2016新版） (2)52 SALES PROMOTION 产品促销 (7)53. OIL REFINING 石油炼制（2016新增） (7)54 ANOTHER HAPPINESS 另一种快乐 (15)55. IT’S NEVER TOO L ATE FOR SUCCESS成功不分早晚（2016新增） (20)56 WHY TO MARK A BOOK 怎样在书上做标记 (25)57 EARTH'S LAST FRONTIER:THE SEA 海洋，地球最后的待开发疆域 (30)58. OUR MANY RESPONSES TO PAIN <NEW> (36)59. FOREST FIRES: A MAJOR DISASTER <NEW> (42)60 WHY ANTARCTICA IS BEING EXPLORED 为什么要勘探南极洲 (48)温馨小语：每篇“学习笔记”将可能涉及到的“考点”做了重点标记，它们基于“职称考试”的四个主要方面，即词汇、语法、阅读和翻译，所以在学习中要认真体会，找到自己要重点学习的内容。
跳过每一段英文原文，只通篇看下“带有英文”的中文部分。
是不是感觉清楚了课文大致要说的内容？熟悉中文意思，在考试中也是很有帮助的，特别是在回答阅读类的选择题时，如果它恰好又是你在此读过的一篇课文，你一定会用最短的时间，找到正确的答案。
考试的题量可不小，要在此处抢得先机。
过段时间，再来温习下吧。
51. Those Fascinating Northern Lights迷人的北极光（2016新增）1. At 10:00 p.m. on March 23，1969, the Bowater Power Water Company in Deer Lake, Newfoundland experienced a disturbance on its system. The frequency converter at Comer Brook tripped off, shutting down half of the big paper mill. There was a radio blackout over most of the Atlantic Provinces. And accompanying these activities was a magnificient display of northern lights — boiling up out of the north and hanging in bundles of long rays like draperies across the sky. Ninety-three million miles away, a rather ugly looking sunspot was making its way across the disc of the sun.1. 1969年3月23曰晚上10点，保华特水电公司（the Bowater Power Water Company)位于纽芬兰（Newfoundland)鹿湖的设备系统出现了异常；科纳布鲁克（ComerBrook)的变频器跳间，使得一半的大造纸厂停产；大西洋沿岸各省的无线电中断。
中石油2016通用英语选读课文44JobSatisfaction工作满意度.doc
44 Job Satisfaction工作满意度1.As we know，job satisfaction refers to a person’s general attitude toward his or her job.A person with a high level of job satisfaction has a positive attitude toward his or her job,while a person who is dissatisfied has a negative attitude.When people speak of employee<员工>attitudes,they usually are referring to job satisfaction.Let’s look at some findings about job satisfaction.1.我们知道，工作满意度是员工对自己工作的总体态度。
一个拥有较高水平工作满意度的人对工作持积极的态度，而对工作不满意的人则对工作持消极的态度。
通常我们谈到员工的态度时指的就是工作满意度。
我们来看看关于工作满意度的一些研究发现。
2.Are most people satisfied with their jobs?2.大多数员工对他们的工作满意吗？3.Studies of U.S. workers over the past 30 years generally indicate<表明> that the majority of<大多数>workers were satisfied with<对…感到满意> their jobs. However,since the 1990s,the number o f workers who say they’re satisfied with their jobs has been declining<下降>.A Conference Board study in 1995 found that some 60 percent of Americans were satisfied with their jobs.By 2005,that percentage<百分比> was down to 50 percent.Although job satisfaction tends to<趋向> increase as income increases<增收>,only 55 percent of individuals earning more than $50,000 are satisfied with their jobs.For individuals earning less than $15,000,about 45 percent of workers say they are satisfied with their jobs.Does the fact that those with higher incomes have slightly<稍微>higher levels of job satisfaction mean that money can buy happiness?Not necessarily<未必如此>.While i t’s possible that higher pay alone translates into higher job satisfaction，an alternative explanation is that higher pay reflects different types of jobs.Higher-paying jobs generally require more advanced skills,give jobholders greater responsibilities,are more stimulating<刺激> and provide more challenges,and allow workers more control.I t’s more likely that the reports of higher satisfaction among higher-income levels reflect the greater challenge and freedom they have in their jobs rather than the pay itself.3.在过去的30年里，针对美国工人进行的研究总体上表明，大多数员工对他们的工作是满意的。
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4 How to Negotiate<谈判> with Americans
如何与美国人谈判
1.美国是一个富有吸引力的市场。
它给世界带来的诸如“股东价值”和“首次公开募股”的商业文化近几年来一直引导着商业思想，并且在未来几年内还将保持。
但是无论是谁，想要在美国取得成功，都必须记住游戏的规则。
2.美国的商业，在《纽约，纽约》这首歌的歌词中是这样描述的：“如果你能在这里取得成功，你就能在别的任何地方取得成功!”但是愉快的做生意的方法是绝对不够的。
虽然在美国的商业沟通是愉快的和自在的，但是它同时也因为不讲情面而成为焦点。
3.沟通是美国人与生俱来的才能。
双方谈判的时候，闲聊和微笑是很重要的。
美国人比英国人更幽默也更直接。
（that 引导定语从句，可以译为：美国人自由地使用幽默感，这种幽默感比英国人更加直接。
）如果你和美国人谈话，要很放松并且要准备很多笑话来吸引听众的注意力。
4.美国人不拘礼节。
商业伙伴不会在他们的名片上写他们的毕业院校。
会议期间会提供一些用塑料瓶或盒子装的三明治和饮料。
你的生意伙伴很可能会在办公室随意地做一些事情或聊他们的家庭。
5.“时间就是金钱”这种态度在美国的生意场上的影响力比其他任何领域都强。
在简单的寒暄之后，美国谈判双方很快地切入主题，甚至社会上举办的联欢会都会被利用来讨论生意。
6.美国人做生意很注重实效，他们就是想赢。
相比之下，发展与商业伙伴的个人关系（与得到的谈判结果相比）就不是那么重要了。
7.而且美国谈判者想最快地获得结果。
金融情况时刻受到关注（或直译为“财务业绩每季上报”），这对在短期内保证收益很重要。
因此，许多美国契约在前言里面包含“时间就是生命”这一条款。
所以美国人谈判很性急，但这不应该被理解为无礼，而是因为“时间就是金钱”的理念在起作用。
8.因为战略合作和其他的长期项目都是以其潜在的快速投资回报率来进行评价的，这种态度会对谈判有很大的影响。
(本句也可译为：“时间就是金钱”的这种态度对谈判具有很大的影响，因为，战备合作和其他的长期项目都是以获得快速投资回报的潜能来进行评价的。
)
待>.
9.亚洲人谈判的时间历来很长，这也是为什么美国和亚洲的很多企业合作起来却没有达到预期效果的一个主要原因。
10.当你在美国经商时，以下的这些事情是值得考虑一下的。
11.引导一个高水平的、专业的谈判，并借助于艺术手段将谈判内容呈现出来，这在美国很受欢迎。
你应该制定一个谈判议程，甚至是一个协定草案。
谈判将会在准备充分、平和、实事求是的和实用的状态中进行，整个过程充满幽默。
12.在介绍自己公司情况的时候，要很积极。
对自己公司的产品、服务和在市场上的地位都不要说得太谦虚。
相反要釆取一种乐观进取的态度，让对方觉得你能行。
13.还有，不要被你的谈判合伙人放松的沟通方式所误导。
诸如宗教、政治或种族背景等，这些问题一定要慎重提及，即使是在私人的交谈中也应如此。
14.这种不拘礼节的态度并不意味着在美国的公司中没有等级制度。
相反，每个人的身份地位会以一种非常微妙的方式表现出来，而要真正理解这种表达方式是需要一定时间的。
课后练习：
1. Its business culture, has brought the world "shareholder value" and "IPOs", commercial thinking in recent years and will continue to do so.
A. which; has leaded
B. which; has been leading
C. that; has leaded
D. that; has been leading
2. Yet a euphoric approach business is by no means enough.
A. into
B. with
C. to
D. on
3. Although business communication in the US is pleasant and easygoing, it is at the same time focused.
A. ruthless
B. ruthlessly
C. ruthlessness
4. a personal relationship with the business partner is not as important as results.
A. Developing; getting
B. Developing; to get
C. To develop; getting
D. To develop; to get
5. For this reason, many US contain the provision "time is of the essence" within their preamble.
A. contacts
B. contents
C. contends
D. contracts
6. The negotiation will in a well-prepared, calm and pragmatic manner, all laced a substantial dose of humor.
A.proceed; with
B. process; with
C. process; in
D. proceed; in
7. Present and market your case in a way.
A. negative
B. positively
C. negatively
D. positive
8. Religion, politics or ethnic background should be touched on .
A. cautiously
B. cautiousness
C. cautious
D. caution
9. Do not your negotiating partners' relaxed style of communication.
A. are misled by
B. misled by
C. be misled by
D. be misled
10. The casual attitude in the US does not mean no hierarchy in US companies.
A. that is
B. there is
C. there are
D. that are。