南昌市第二学期初二数学期末测试卷及答案
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2014—2015学年度第二学期期末测试卷
八年级(初二)数学参考答案及评分意见
说明:如果学生考卷出现不同答案,请根据学生表现出的数学发展水平且参照评分意见的给分标准给出相应分数。
一、选择题(本大题共8小题,每小题3分,共24分)
1.D 2.D 3.B 4.B 5.A 6.C 7.C 8.A 二、填空题(本大题共8小空,每小空2分,共16分) 9.743+ 10.6 11.24 12.x >7,x ≥2 13.9,8∶00/20∶00 14.乙
三、解答题(本大题共3小题,每小题6分,共18分)
15.解:(1)将(0,2)、(4,0)分别代入y =kx+b
2;04.b k b =⎧⎨=+⎩
······················································································ 2分 解得:2;1.2
b k =⎧⎪⎨=-⎪⎩ ················································································· 3分 一次函数的解析式:122
y x =-
+. ························································ 4分 (2)依题意可得:112()222
x m x n -++=--+, ································· 5分 化简得:12
m n =. ······································································ 6分 16.解:(1)∵过点(﹣1,7)的一条直线与直线413
y x =-+平行, 设直线AB 为43
y x b =-+; ······················································· 1分 把(﹣1,7)代入43y x b =-+;得473
b =+, 解得:173b =, ∴直线AB 的解析式为41733y x =-
+, ··············································· 4分 (2)令y =0,得:417033x =-
+, 解得:174
x =, ∴1704
x <<的整数为:1、2、3、4; ·················································· 5分 把x 等于1、2、3、4分别代入41733y x =-
+得: y =133、3、53、13
, ∴在线段AB 上,横、纵坐标都是整数的点的坐标是(2,3). ················· 6分
17.解:如图,当k 1>0,k 2<0时,直线y =k 1x +b 1与y 轴交于B 点,则OB =b 1,直线y =k 2x +b 2与y 轴交于C 点,则OC =﹣b 2, 1分
∴12OA •OB +12
OA •OC =4, ∴121122422b b ⨯+⨯=, 解得:b 1﹣b 2=4. ··············· 4分 当k 1<0,k 2>0时,b 1﹣b 2=-4. ·············· 6分
四、应用题(本大题共3小题,每小题8分,共24分)
18.解:(1)240, ························································································· 1分
348; ························································································· 2分
(2)根据题意得,
当0≤x ≤5时,种子的价格为60元/kg ,∴y =60x , ································ 3分
当x >5时,其中有5千克的种子按60元/kg 计价,超过部分按48元/kg 计价,
∴y =60×5+48(x ﹣5)=48x +60, ······················································ 5分
y 关于x 的函数解析式为60(05);4860(5).
x x y x x ≤≤⎧=⎨+>⎩ ······························· 6分 (3)∵540>300,∴一次性购买种子超过5kg ,
∴48x +60=540.解得x =10,
答:他购买种子的数量是10kg . ···················································· 8分
19.解:(1)这些车的平均速度是:(40×2+50×3+60×4+70×5+80×1)÷15=60(km/h ); · 3分
(2)70km/h 出现的次数最多,则这些车的车速的众数70km/h ; ··················· 5分
(3)共有15个,最中间的数是第8个数,则中位数是60km/h . ·················· 8分
20.解:(1)A 同学成绩:19×5+0×(-2)=95(分)
B 同学成绩:17×5+2×(-2)=81(分)
C 同学成绩:16×5+1×(-2)=78(分)
D 同学成绩:17×5+1×(-2)=83(分)
A ,
B ,
C ,
D 四位同学成绩的平均分是:9581788384.254
x +++=
=(分);3分
(2)①设E 同学答对x 题,答错y 题,由题意得 5273;20 4.x y x y -=⎧⎨+=-⎩
解得15;1.
x y =⎧⎨=⎩ 答:E 同学答对15题,答错1题. ························································ 6分 ②C 同学,他实际答对14题,答错3题,未答3题,得71分. ·················· 8分
五、探究题(本大题共2小题,每小题9分,共18分)
21.解:(1)甲箱98﹣49=49(颗),
∵乙箱中位数40,
∴小于、大于40各有(49﹣1)÷2=24(颗),
∴甲箱中小于40的球有a =39﹣24=15(颗),
大于40的有b =49﹣15=34(颗),