认知教学法-(英语)

认知法

一、Brief introduction

认知教学法，又称认知-符号法，或认知-符号学习理论，是按照认知规律，调动学习者智力潜能，努力去发现和掌握语言规则，创造性地活用语言的一种外语教学法体系。

二、Basic theory

Like the Audiolingual Method, the Cognitive Approach looks for a rationale in linguistics and psychology.he Cognitive Approach seeks in transformational grammar and cognitive psychology a basis for second language teaching.

1 Transformational Grammar ：Chomsky maintained that language is an intricate rule-based system；Every normal human being is born with a LAD（language acquisition device）.It is competence that a child gradually acquires, and it is this language competence that allows the child to be creative as a language user.

2 Cognitive psychology: Cognitive psychology emphasis on the various mental processes used in thinking, remembering, perceiving, recognizing, classifying, etc.The Cognitive Psychologist hold that learning must involve organization of material and learning should be structured.Structure has given meaning to parts previously incomprehensible.

三、characteristics

1)认知法明确指出，外语教学应以学生的认知活动为主，而不应让

教师主宰课堂。采取直接法和听说法的教师往往主观设计各种教学环节，

认知法却要求教师的备课建立在学生认知的特点上，根据学生认知过程

进行教学。

2)认知法的一个重要特点是反对机械模仿，注重培养学生的创造性

思维，鼓励学习和使用外语中的创新精神。为此，认知法要求让学生明

确每堂课甚至每一练习的教学目的，无论是学习语言知识还是技能训练

都强调理解其中的内容，使学生能根据教学目标创造性地学习。

3) 认知法的教学重视语法，必要时可用母语进行教学。然而，认知

法的语法教学又与语法翻译法不同，它要求通过有意义的练习达此目的。

同时，认知法根据认知心理学的原理，强调教学必须遵循从学生已知，

即已掌握的知识，到未知，即新知识领域的认识过程，它不同于语法翻

译法大量使用的演绎法。

) Knowledge of language rules facilitates learning.

2) Rules are taught deductively.

3) Competence comes before performance.

4) The learner is the center of classroom teaching./learner-centered

class.

5) Language practice is the main form of classroom teaching.

6) Learning is based on understanding.

7) Cognitive Approach gives equal importance to all the four skills.

8) Mistakes are unavoidable.

1. The Cognitive Approach concentrates on the learner’s processes of knowledge rather than on mechanistic procedures imposed upon his by the teacher. At the level of linguistic theory, it signals a rejection of the view that language is external to the mind of the individual. Cognitivism states that ①knowledge of language rules facilitate learning.The basic tenet of the Cognitive Approach which is different from that of the Audiolingual Method is, while in the Audiolingual Method, teachers were warned not to tell the learner about the language, that is, not to teach grammar. ②Grammar are taught deductively.In the Cognitive Approach, teachers are required to tell the learner about the language, because knowledge of language rules facilitates learning.

1. The Cognitive Approach concentrates on the learner’s

processes of knowledge rather than on mechanistic procedures

imposed upon his by the teacher.

2. At the level of linguistic theory, it signals a

rejection of the view that language is external to the mind of the

individual.

3. At the level of phychological learning theory, it

signals a rejection of stimulus-response models.

4. At the level of teaching techniques, it signals the

environment of deliberate grammar teaching as an aid to learning.

5. Cognitivism states that ①knowledge of language rules