博士入学考试英语模拟题

English Entrance ExaminationFor Non-English Major Doctoral CandidatesPaper OnePart II Reading Comprehension (30 points, 45 minutes)Directions: In this part there are several passages. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked(A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the correspondingletter on the Answer Sheet.Passage 1Every year scientists open more doors that lead to the secrets ofnew beneficent drugs.There is bacitracin, which was discovered by two scientists atColumbia University's College of Physicians and Surgeons. These twopeople, Dr. Frank Meleney and Miss Balbina Johnson, knowing that thehuman body had some kind of action in itself with which it fightsinfections, began to search for the chemical that does this. In thehospital they examined badly infected wounds of people who had beenhurt in accidents and made tests of the blood and the infected tissue.Finally, in the wound of a girl who had broken a leg bone, theyfound the useful germs which seemed to be fighting the poisonousinfection. They took some of these into the laboratory and from themdeveloped cultures; that is, larger masses of the germs with which toexperiment. At last, after long and painstaking work, they were ableto draw from these germs a substance which is a germ destroyer. Dr.Meleney and Miss Johnson named it bacitracin-baci because the germ is,in scientific language, a bacillus and tracin for Margaret Tracy,whose broken leg supplied the germ.Bacitracin at first was used only locally; later the drug wasdeveloped into a solution that can be used to fight germ through theblood stream.16.Today, the discovery of a new drug occurs .A)very seldom. B)once in a generation.C)once every ten years. D)frequently.17. The scientific term for the action with which the human bodyfights infection .A)drug. B)biotic.C)not mentioned. D)both A and B.18. Searching for the fighting chemical, the scientists examined .A)fresh wounds. B)infected wounds.C)only infected leg bones. D)only a few wounds.19. Cultures, as used in this article, are .A)masses of germs.B)blood tests.C)masses of infected tissue.D)poisonous germs.20. Bacitracin .A)is poisonous. B)destroys germs.C)restores broken bones. D)develops germs.21. To say that a drug was used locally is to say that it was .A)distributed through the whole system.B)used only in the area of infection.C)used only at ColumbiaD)used only in hospitals.22. From reading this selection you can infer thatA)many scientific discoveries are due to chance.B)every year scientists discover new beneficent drugs.C)behind medical discovery there may be a dramatic story.D)culture are large masses of germs.Passage 2Our echo sounder located the wreck of a French submarine that had foundered during the war in seventy-five feet of water outside Dakar harbor. Dumas and I plunged down and found the vessel lying clean and upright, surrounded by such clouds of fish as we had rarely seen-small silver fingerlings and dark metals. As Dumas swam into the shadow ofthe port propeller, he came face to face with a gigantic fish, grouper variety, cousin to our familiar Mediterranean meroblast-fish. This specimen was ten times the size of our old acquaintances: he weighedat least four hundred pounds. The wide, flat head and tiny eyes advanced on Dumas; the ugly mouth yawned open, wide enough to admit him. Dumas knew that sedentary groupers have no teeth to speak of; it seemed, however, that this individual might wish to swallow himunmasticated in the fashion of the mero type which swims agape(大张着嘴), taking in whole octopuses（章鱼）.The cavernous mouth approached within two feet; Dumas sculled backward, watchfully keeping a modest interval as the monster unhurriedly followed. The knowledge that the species was harmless gave Dumas little comfort as he gazed into the fish's mouth; he and thegrouper exchanged mutual stares of revulsion for a seemingly interminable period while Dumas was steadily pressed back. Then the beast lost interest, turned aside, and returned to its dim home underthe lost submarine. Dumas surfaced in a reflective mood: "Imaginebeing swallowed by a lousy grouper."23. Dumas encountered the jewfish while .A)trying to locate an old wreck.B)skin fishing in Dakar harbor.C)swimming near a foundered submarine.D)attempting to salvage a submarine.24. The gigantic fish was actually .A)an extraordinarily large pomfret.C)a kind of grouper fish.B)a mero.D)both B and C.25. This type of fish was supposed to be .A) dangerous if provoked. B) vicious.C) harmless. D) afraid of man.26. Dumas regarded the fish with .A)tolerant amusement.B)immediate terror.C)complete objectivity.D)increasing suspicion.27. It seemed to Dumas that the fish wished to .A)drive him away from its home.B)swallow him whole.C)protect itself.D)force him to surface.28. Dumas' comment on surfacing expressed .A)terror at a near escape.B)shame at his reaction to the fish.C)the unreasonableness of the situation.D)revulsion for the fish.29. Implied but not stated: The fish .A)intended to eat Dumas.B)acted out of simple curiosity.C)lived under the submarine.D)had been misidentified by Dumas.Passage 3Reruns of situation comedies from the fifties and early sixties dramatize the kinds of problems that parents used to have with their children. The Cleavers scold Beaver for not washing his hands before dinner, the Andersons punish Bud for not doing his homework; the Nelsons dock little Ricky’s allowance because he keeps forg etting to clean his room. But times have changed dramatically. Being a parent today is much more difficult than it was a generation ago.Today’s parents must try, first of all, to control all the new distractions that tempt children away from schoolwork. At home, a child may have a room furnished with a stereo and television. Not many young people can resist the urge to listen to an album or watch MTV-especially if it is time to do schoolwork. Outside the home, the distractions are even more alluring, chi ldren no longer “hang out” on a neighborhood corner within earshot of Mom or Dad’s reminder to come in and do homework.. Instead,, they congregate in vast shopping malls, buzzing video arcades and gleaming fast-food restaurants. Parents and school assignments have obvious difficulty competing with such enticing alternatives.Besides dealing with these distractions, parents also have to shield their children from a flood of sexually explicit materials. Today, children can find sex magazines and pornographic paperbacks in the same corner store that once offered only comics and candy. Moreover, the movies young people attend often focus on highly sexual situations. It is difficult to teach children traditional values when films show teachers seducing students and young people treating sex as a casual sport. An even more difficult matter for parents is the heavily sexual content of programs on television.Most disturbing to parents today, however, is the increase in life-threatening dangers that face young people. When children are small, parents fear that their youngsters may be victims of violence. Every news program seems to carry a report about a mass murderer who preys on young girls, a deviant who has buried six boys in his cellar, or an organized child pornography ring that molests preschoolers. When children are older, parents begin to worry about their kids’ use of drugs. Peer pressure to experiment with drugs is often stronger than parents’ warnings. This pressure toexperiment can be fatal if the drugs have been mixed with dangerous chemicals.Within one generation, the world as a place to raise children has changed dramatically. One wonders how yesterday’s parents would have dealt with today’s problems. Could the Andersons have kept Bud away from MTV? Could the Nelsons have shielded little Ricky from sexually explicit material? Could the Cleavers have protected Beaver from drugs? Parents must be aware of all these distractions and dangers, yet be willing to give their children the freedom they need to become responsible adults. It is not an easy task..30. Parents today must protect their children from all of the following except_______ .A)Drug abuseB)Life-threatening situationsC)Drinking too much beverageD)Sexually explicit materials31. Traditional values become more difficult for younger generation to accept because________ .A)Teachers set bad examples for studentsB) Bad side effects on children from TV and films outweigh the traditionaleducationC) Parents failed in educating their childrenD)The younger generation can not resist the temptation from all sorts of distractions32. According to the author, what the parents now most fear for about their children is________.A) Physical dangers B). Violent TV programsC) Enticing alternatives D). Sex magazines33. Which of the following words can best describe the author’s attitude towards being aresponsible parent?A) Frustrated. B) Pessimistic.C). Wait-and –see. D) Positive34. It can be inferred from the passage that parents today ________.A)Must pay much more attention to their children’s behaviorB)Have to strengthen the education on traditional valuesC)Have to strike a balance between their need to provide limitations and theirchildren’s need for freedomD)Must prevent their children from all kinds of seductions of the society35.The author develops her main idea by _________.A)Complaining about some social influences on childrenB)Comparing education of yesterday with that of todayC)Explaining parents’ worries todayD)Stating her own points with vivid examplesPassage 4Very old people do raise moral problems for almost everyone who comesin contact with them. Their values--this can't be repeated too often--arenot necessarily our values. Physical comfort, cleanness and order are notnecessarily the most important things. The social services from time totime find themselves faced with a flat with decaying food covered by smallworms, and an old person lying alone in bed, taking no notice of the worms.But is it interfering with personal freedom to insist that they go to livewith some of their relatives so that they might be taken better care of?Some social workers, the ones who clear up the worms, think we are in dangerof carrying this concept of personal freedom to the point where seriousrisks are being taken with the health and safety of the old.Indeed, the old can be easily hurt or harmed. The body is like a car,it needs more mechanical maintenance as it gets older. You can carry this comparison right through to the provision for spare parts. But never forgetthat such operations are painful experiences, however good the results. Andat what point should you cease to treat the old body? Is it morally right totry to push off death by pursuing the development of drugs to excite theforgetful old mind and to activate the old body, knowing that it is designedto die? You cannot ask doctors or scientists to decide, because so long asthey can see the technical opportunities, they will feel bound to give thema try, on the principle that while there's life, there's hope.When you talk to the old people, however, you are forced to the conclusion that whether age is happy or unpleasant depends less on money or on health than it does on your ability to have fun.36. It is implied in Paragraph 1 that ________ .A) very old people enjoy living with their relativesB) social services have nothing to do with very old peopleC) very old people would like to live alone so that they can have morepersonal freedomD) very old people are able to keep their rooms very clean37. Some social workers think that ________ .A) health and safety are more important than personal freedomB) personal freedom is more important than health and safetyC) old people should keep their rooms cleanD) one should not take the risk of dealing with old people38. In the author's opinion, ________ .A) the human body can't be compared to a carB) the older a person, the more care he needsC) too much emphasis has been put on old people's valuesD) it is easy to provide spare parts for old people39. The word 'it' in the last paragraph refers to __________ .A) the conclusion you have madeB) your talk to the old peopleC) whether age is happy or unpleasantD) one's money or one's health40. The author thinks that __________ .A) medical decisions for old people should be left to the doctorsB) old people can enjoy a happy life only if they are very richC) the opinion that we should try every means possible to save old peopleis doubtfulD) it is always morally right to treat old people and push off deathPassage 5Let children learn to judge their own work. A child who learns to talk does not learn by being corrected all time: if corrected too much, he will stop talking. He notices a thousand times a day the difference between the language he uses and the language those around him use. Bit by bit, he makes the necessary changes to make his language like other people's. In the same way, when children learn to do all the other things they learn to do without being taught--to work, run, climb, whistle, ride a bicycle--compare those performances with those of more skilled people, and slowly make the needed changes. But in school we never give a child a chance to find out his own mistakes for himself, let alone correct them. We do it all for him. We act as if we thought that he would never notice a mistake unless it was pointed out to him, or correct it unless he was made to. Soon he becomes dependent on the teacher. Let him do it himself. Let him work out, with the help of other children if he wants it, what this word says, what answer is to that problem, whether this is a good way of saying or doing this or not.If it is a matter of right answers, as it may be in mathematics or science, give him the answer book. Let him correct his own papers. Why should we teachers waste time on such routine work? Our job should be to help the child when he tells us that he can't find a way to get the right answer. Let's end this nonsense of grades, exams, marks. Let us throw them all out, and let the children learn what all educated persons must some day learn, how to measure their own understanding, how to know what they know or do notknow.Let them get on with this job in the way that seems most sensible to them, with our help as school teachers if they ask for it. The idea that there is a body of knowledge to be learnt at school and used for the rest of one's life is nonsense in a world as complicated and rapidly changing as ours. Anxious parents and teachers say, "But suppose they fail to learn something essential, something they will need to get in the world? Don't worry! If it is essential, they will go out into the world and learn it."41. What does the author think is the best way for children to learn things?A)by copying what other people doB)by making mistakes and having them correctedC)by listening to explanations from skilled peopleD)by asking a great many questions42. What does the author think teachers do which they should not do?A)They give children correct answers.B)They point out children's mistakes to them.C)They allow children to make their own work.D)They encourage children to copy from one another.43. The passage suggests that learning to speak and learning to ride a bicycle are _____.A)not really important skills.B)more important than other skills.C)basically different from learning adult skills.D)basically the same as learning other skills.44. Exams, grades, and marks should be abolished because children's progress shouldonly be estimated by _____.A)educated persons. B)the children themselves.C)teachers. D)parents.45. The author fears that children will grow up into adults who are _____.A)too independent of others.B)too critical of themselves.C)unable to think for themselves.D)unable to use basic skills.Part III V ocabulary and Structure ( 15 points, 20 minutes)Directions: There are 30 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A),B),C) and D). Choose the ONE that best completes the sentence. Then mark your corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.46．His heart was filled with for the accident.A)composure B)compassionC)altruism D)discretion47．The mechanisms of government seemed awesome to the visitors.A)intricate B)subtleC)interesting D)new48．Registration is in order to vote in elections.A)urgent B)fatedC)compulsory D)irresistible49． your requests, we regret that we are unable to assist you in this matter.A)By virtue of B)In view ofC)On account of D)With respect to50．A child's often changes in the presence of strangers.A)personality B)behaviorC)comprehension D)attitude51.The motorist was by the conflicting road signs and was at aloss about which direction to take.A)angry B)bewilderedC)happy D)sorrowful52.The food was divided ______ according to the age and size of the children.A)equallyB)proportionatelyC)sufficientlyD)adequately53.To undergraduate students, the doctoral degree is a distant ______.A) prospect B)aspectC)respect D)concept54.You will have to ______ this skyscraper as you have not complied withthe town planning regulations.A)hold up B) put upC) pull down D)set aside55. Unlike a writer, an artist often uses exaggeration to ______.A)send his message overB)put down his messageC)put forward his messageD)put his message across56.I ______ with the Browns during my stay in New York City.A) put up B) lived upC) lived at D) put in57. If someone is frowning, we _____ that she or he is sad or angry.A) Infer B) claimC) anticipate D) acknowledge58. The new apartment built few months ago is large enough to _____ over two hundred people.A) locate B) resideC) settle D) accommodate59. In order to strengthen his arguments, Toffler _____ respectable social scientists whoagree with him.A) recites B) confirmsC) quotes D) convinces60. The decline of Rome _____ the disappearance of classical dramaA) restrained B) withheldC) restored D) witnessed61. In one scene of Modern Time, Charlie Chaplin was shown trying _____ to keep intime with a rapid assembly line.A) aimlessly B) violentlyC) hardly D) desperately62.When writing about controversial topics, some authors try to be _____ withoutfavouring either side.A) impressive B) reflectiveC) objective D) persuasive63. When people have their basic needs satisfied,they begin to think of other things tofulfil their life _____ .A) necessities B) requirementsC) appreciation D) expectations64. ______ are said to be the world's best watch makers.A)Swisses B)The SwissesC)The Swiss D)Some Swiss65.Even as a child, Kate had admired her aunt Syb, especially ______ shebore the sacrifices her profession demanded.A)in the way B)by the wayC)the way D)any way66.Human groups that practice horticulture have greater control than ______only hunt and gather.A)those who B)whoC)those that D)those67.It's true that the old road is less direct and a bit longer. We won'ttake the new one, ______, because we don't feel as safe on it.A)somehow B)thoughC)therefore D)otherwise68.The ancient Romans applied their knowledge ______ the construction ofbridges, roads, and public buildings.A)in B)toC)for D)through69 As word of the cloud of poison began to spread, hundreds, then thousands,took ______ the road in flight from the fumes.A)to B)offC)on D)for70.The students expected there ______ more reviewing classes before thefinal exams.A)is B)beingC)have been D)to be71. We left the manager a note ______ he wanted to know where we were.A) if B) in case C) so that D) unless72. ______, work songs often exhibit the song culture of apeople in a fundamental form.A) wherever occurring B) They occur whereverC) Where they occur D) Where do they occur73. The sea is very beautiful and _____________.A) the mountains are so too B) the mountains are tooC) so are the mountains D) also are the mountains74. _________ the very cold winter, we have run out of coal earlier thanwe had expected.A) By reason of B) For the sake ofC) At the risk of D) At the mercy of75. I am pleased with what you have given me and ______ you have told me.A) that B) all that C) which D) all whatPart IV Cloze ( 10 points, 15 minutes)Directions:There are 20 blanks in the following passages. For each blank there are four choices marked (A), B), C) and D) . You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passages. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre.After sunset on our[ 76 ]day at the ranch I walked out into the desert. In this, he first pleasant moment for a walk after the long hot hours, I thought I was the only thing[ 77 ]. Abruptly I [ 78 ].Onthe ground in front of me, a rattlesnake lay rigid. Its head was notyet drawn back to strike, but merely turned a little to watch what I[ 79 ].Many snakes will flee at the sight of a man but this rattlesnake felt[ 80 ]to[ 81 ].He[ 82 ]in calm watchfulness, waiting forme to show my intentions. My first instinct was to [ 83 ]him; I hadnever killed anything I [ 84 ] to kill. But I remembered that therewere children, dogs and horses; my duty,[ 85] was to kill these snake.I went back to the ranch and returned with a stick. The rattlesnake[ 86 ].He lay like[ 87 ]wire but when he saw the stick his tailtwitched and he drew back his head. I raised my stick but before Icould strike he shot into a dense bush and[ 88]his rattling, warningme by this that I had made an un-provoked attack and that if Ipersisted he would[ 89 ] but[ 90 ]if he could. For a moment Ilistened to this ominous sound and then I struck into the bush with my stick and, hacking about, dragged him out of it with his back broken.He stuck passionately [ 91 ] at the stick but a moment later his neckwas broken and he was soon dead. Nevertheless, when I picked him up bythe tail,his jaws snapped once more,[ 92 ] proving what I had oncebeen told but had[ 93 ]believed:a newly dead rattlesnake may stillbite. I dropped the body into the green bush and,as I did so,I saw himin my mind's[ 94 ],gliding over the twilight stands as he might havedone [ 95 ] I had let him go.76. A)starting B)camping C)last D)tiring77. A)out of doors B)without companiesC)under the open air D)being threatened78.A)gasped B)screamedC)was breathless D)came to a halt79.A)am doing B)would doC)were to do D)might to do80.A)no hurry B)no necessityC)no danger D)no sense81.A)attack B)biteC)move D)slide82.A)stayed where he was B)moved quicklyC)curled his head up D)rattled his tail83. A)scare B)catch C)poke D)ignore84. A)disliked B)was fond ofC)was not obliged D)had no mercy85. A)doubtless B)obviouslyC)reluctantly D)cruelly86. A)had already fled B)was about to moveC)did not move D)was dying slowly87. A)an alive B)a livingC)a live D)a lively88. A)twisted B)set upC)dragged D)withdrew89. A)not avoid choosing B)decideC)not give in D)have no choice90.A)to take my life B)to take my life awayC)to challenge me D)to killing me91.A)once more B)the second timeC)once a while D)from time to time92.A)and thus B)in this wayC)thereafter D)meanwhile93.A)faintly B)nearlyC)only half D)never before94. A)opinion B)viewC)point D)eye95. A)unless B)althoughC)in case D)ifPaper TwoPart V Translation (20 points, 50 minutes)Section ADirections: Read the following passage first and then translate the 5 underlined sentences into Chinese. Write your Chinese version in the proper space in Answer Sheet.From the beginning of our relationship, in 1977, polls have been my common frame of reference with Bill Clinton.(96)We used polling not to determine what positions he would take but to figure out which of the positions he had already taken were the most popular. I would always draw the distinction between deciding on policy and identifying certain issues for emphasis by telling Clinton, (97)“You print the menu of the things you want. Then I’ll advise which dish to have for dinner tonight.”(98)In that October 1994 survey, we polled 800 voters distributed across the country in proportion to each state’s share of the national vote. (99)It defies logic that interviews with 800 Americans will accurately mirror the opinions of 250 million of their countrymen. But many laws of science seem crazy. The fact is that if you got a phone book of the entire United States, from a to z, and you pulled out every 312,500th name and interviewed that person, (100)the resulting 800 interviews would accurately reflect -- within a margin of error -- the opinions of everybody who is listed in the phone book. I’ve seen it time and again. The final poll results accurately state the final election results. It’s strange.96. We used polling not to determine what positions he would take but to figure outwhich of the positions he had already taken were the most popular97. You print the menu of the things you want. Then I’ll advise which dish to have fordinner tonight.98.. In that October 1994 survey, we polled 800 voters distributed across the country inpropo rtion to each state’s share of the national vote.99. It defies logic that interviews with 800 Americans will accurately mirror the opinionsof 250 million of their countrymen.100. … the resulting 800 interviews would accurately reflect -- within a margin of error -- the opinions of everybody who is listed in the phone book.Section BDirections:Put the following passage into English. Write your English version in the proper space on the Answer Sheet.美国人却为其物质的财富付出了代价：即艰苦的劳动。